Wiley Photoshop CS2 Bible
Contents
1. Mind you Photoshop isn t just any image editing application It s the most powerful most ubiquitous image editing applica tion in the world Despite hefty competition where professional image editing is concerned Photoshop s not just the market leader it s the only game in town Such a lack of competition is rarely a good thing because stagnation can often result But in Photoshop s case the his torically lopsided sales advantage has provided Adobe with a clear incentive to reinvest in Photoshop and regularly enhance and even overhaul its capabilities It s as if each new version of Photoshop is competing with its own previous versions for 4 Part Welcome to Photoshop the hearts and minds of the digital art community Meanwhile other vendors have had to devote smaller resources to playing catch up Some such as Jasc Software with its Windows only Paint Shop Pro have hung in there and remained commer cially viable But such success stories are few and far between Although competi tors have provided some interesting and sometimes amazing capabilities the sums of their parts have more often than not fallen well short of Photoshop s As a result Photoshop rides a self perpetuating wave of market leadership It wasn t always the best image editor nor was it the first But its deceptively straightforward interface combined with a few terrific core functions made it a hit from the moment of its first rele2. Introducing Photoshop CS2 What Is Photoshop An introduction to Photoshop Maybe you already know what Photoshop is and what it does You may be one of the people who have been using it since its How image first version and you use it every day On the other hand you editing works might be one of the larger group of people who have a general sense of what Photoshop is and does but have little or no The difference experience using it It is our intention to make this book useful between pixels for both camps and with this the first chapter there may and vectors be some review for the former group and some startling reve lations for the latter As you move forward and get to What s The new features in New in Photoshop CS2 the playing field should level out and Photoshop CS2 as you move through the rest of the book no matter what level of user you are now there is a great deal of new and useful information throughout So what exactly is Photoshop and what does it do Adobe Photoshop Photoshop is the name of the software Adobe Systems is the name of the company that develops and sells it is a professional level image editing application It allows you to create images from whole cloth or more likely mod ify scanned artwork and digital photographs Photoshop is available for use on computers equipped with either Microsoft Windows or Apple s Macintosh operating system currently OS X
3. Red Eye Removal Chapter 7 If you ve used Photoshop Elements Adobe s bargain priced photo editing program you may have been impressed with its red eye removal tool Complex in Elements 2 and vastly improved in Elements 3 this tool has now joined the Photoshop CS2 toolbox and is much like the Spot Healing Brush in its simplicity and ease of use Just set the pupil size and degree of darkening you require and click to exorcise the demon glow Warp Chapter 12 When transforming a layer a list of distortions previ ously limited to resizing rotating skewing or adding perspective you can now warp the content clicking and dragging from any of a series of handles along a grid that appears over the selected layer s content You can now bend twist and stretch your images into any number of shapes and in any number of directions Vanishing Point Chapter 11 Need to create the look of a vanishing point to create an accurate perspective Choose Vanishing point from the Filter menu and create the perspective edit it and apply it to your image through a series of tools in a handy dialog box much like the Liquify dialog box Smart Objects Chapter 12 Turn layers individual layers or groups thereof into objects that can be edited outside the image in their own window and exported easily to other images Smart Guides Chapter 12 Taking the ubiquitous Guides feature to a new level Smart Guides allow you t
4. consumes several times more space than a poster sized drawing that comprises three rectangles When to use Photoshop Because of their specialized tools and methods painting programs and drawing programs fulfill distinct and divergent purposes Photoshop and other painting programs are best suited to creating and editing the following kinds of artwork Scanned photos including photographic collages and embellishments that originate from scans Images captured with any type of digital camera Still frames captured from videotape or film Realistic artwork that relies on the play between naturalistic highlights midranges and shadows Impressionistic artwork and other images created for purely personal or aes thetic purposes Logos and other display type featuring soft edges reflections or tapering shadows Special effects that require the use of filters and color enhancements that you simply can t achieve in a drawing program When to use a drawing program You re probably better off using Illustrator or some other drawing program if you re interested in creating more stylized artwork such as the following Poster art and other high contrast graphics that heighten the appearance of reality Architectural plans product designs or other precise line drawings Business graphics such as graphs charts and diagrams that reflect data or show how things work Traditional logos and text effects that require cri
5. from 4 to 16 million colors is entirely arbitrary the term bitmap is used more broadly to mean any image composed of a fixed number of pixels regardless of the number of colors involved What about other graphics applications such as Adobe s own Illustrator Applica tions such as Illustrator Macromedia FreeHand and CorelDraw fall into a different category of software called drawing programs Drawings comprise vector objects which are independent mathematically defined lines and shapes For this reason drawing programs are sometimes said to be vector based or object oriented Chapter 1 Introducing Photoshop CS2 5 As luck would have it Photoshop bridges the gap between conventional painting and drawing programs quite nicely by providing many of the best features of both In addition to its wealth of image editing and organic painting capabilities Photoshop permits you to add vector based text and shapes to your photographic images These features may not altogether take the place of a drawing program but they help to make Photoshop an increasingly flexible and dynamic image creation environment The ups and downs of painting As you might expect painting programs and drawing programs have their own strengths and weaknesses The strength of a painting program is that it offers a straightforward approach to creating images For example although many of Photoshop s features are complex some of them extremely so its core p
6. ady s tools for creating Web graphics Keyboard and Menu Customization Chapter 2 Now you can create your own keyboard shortcuts and customize the appearance of menus and menu commands If you aren t a big shortcut user now this enhancement may turn you into a keyboard shortcut junkie the ability to make the software work the way your mind approaches your tasks is a major enhancement Chapter 1 Introducing Photoshop CS2 Photoshop s companion program ImageReady CS2 remains a great tool for preparing images for the Web to animate them to create rollovers and to create and edit sliced images ImageReady may disappear however in subsequent releases of Photoshop and is not signif icantly changed in CS2 You ll find too that one of ImageReady s chief uses has been usurped by Photoshop you can now animate your images right in Photoshop with no need to go out to ImageReady to create edit test and save the animation The New Spot Healing Brush Chapter 7 You had the Healing Brush in CS and now it s joined by the Spot Healing Brush With this tool you can make quick small restorations within your photos Rather than manually selecting the area to be healed and the content to use in healing it the spot healing brush makes quick restorations with one click of the mouse No need to sample a source for the healing content just click on the spot stain nick or small tear and voila the healing happens
7. ainting tools are as easy to use and familiar as a pencil You alternately draw and erase until you reach a desired effect just as you ve been doing since childhood In addition to being simple to use each of Photoshop s core painting tools is fully customizable It s as if you have access to an infinite variety of crayons colored pencils pastels airbrushes watercolors and so on all of which are erasable The simplicity and customization potential make these tools fun to use and you ll find yourself creating artwork that you would never have had the time or patience to attempt manually Because painting programs rely on pixels they are ideally suited to electronic photography Whether captured with a scanner or digital camera an electronic photograph is composed of thousands or even tens of millions of colored pixels A drawing program such as Illustrator may let you import such a photograph and apply very simple edits but Photoshop gives you complete control over every pixel entire collections of pixels or independent elements of pixels As witnessed by a quick examination of the pictures in this book a photograph can become anything The downside of paintings and electronic photos is that they are ultimately finite in scale Because a bitmap contains a fixed number of pixels the resolution of an image the number of pixels in an inch a centimeter or some other defined space changes with respect to the size at which
8. ase More than a dozen years later thanks to substantial capital injections from Adobe and highly creative programming on the parts of Photoshop s engineering staff and its originator Thomas Knoll Photoshop has evolved into the most popular program of its kind Image Editing Theory Note Like any image editor Photoshop enables you to alter photographs and other scanned artwork You can retouch an image apply special effects swap details between photos introduce text and logos adjust color balance and even sharpen the focus of a photograph Photoshop also provides everything you need to create artwork from scratch including a suite of vector drawing tools and a highly special ized painting palette These tools are fully compatible with pressure sensitive tablets so you are not limited to creating only those images you can successfully draw with a mouse Bitmaps versus vectors Image editors fall into the larger software category of painting programs In a painting program you draw a line and the application converts it to a string of tiny square dots called pixels The painting itself is called a bitmapped image but bitmap and image are equally acceptable terms Photoshop uses the term bitmap exclusively to mean a black and white image the logic being that each pixel conforms to one bit of data O or 1 off or on To avoid confusion and because forcing a distinction between working with exactly two colors or anywhere
9. goal has been to familiarize you with what to expect in terms of new coverage throughout the rest of this book Some features have been improved some added some have simply been moved In any case you re now ready to move forward and focus on the individual features and tasks covered in the book s subsequent chapters and to begin exploring Photoshop CS2 s new and improved features on your own
10. o visually align and distribute layers more easily When Smart Guides are turned on the guides you place on screen are accompanied by additional guides to show you when layers are lined up when top bottom or sides are aligned The color of your Smart Guides is customiz able through the Preferences dialog box 10 Part Welcome to Photoshop New Blur and Sharpen Filters Chapter 10 To the list of Blur filters add the Box Shape and Surface blur substantially expanding your ability to soften and blend content The Sharpen filters now include Smart Sharpen a customizable sharpening tool Correct Exposure Chapter 17 Found in the Image Adjustments submenu this command allows you to quickly and easily correct a photo that was over or underexposed A simple set of Exposure Offset and Gamma sliders gives you total control over the process Lens Correction Chapter 11 This new filter enables you to create a fully customizable lens through which to distort your layer content The distortion can be restorative or truly destructive bending content around a curve that you design Image Variables Chapter 3 Store various visibility and type options for a single image naming each set of variables for future use New HDR High Dynamic Range Mode Chapter 4 You can now preview and process images in 32 bits channel mode Summary Whether you consider CS2 a major upgrade or a small set of changes this chapter s
11. oriented approach but you re still faced with the task of building your artwork one chunk at a time Because a drawing program defines lines shapes and text as mathematical equa tions these objects automatically conform to the full resolution of the output device whether it s a laser printer an imagesetter or a film recorder The drawing program sends the math to the printer and the printer renders the math to paper or film In other words the printer converts the drawing program s equations to printer pixels Your printer offers far more pixels than your screen a 600 dots per inch dpi laser printer for example offers 600 pixels per inch dots equal pixels whereas most screens are limited to 150 pixels per inch or fewer So the printed drawing appears smooth and sharply focused regardless of the size at which you print it as shown in Figure 1 2 get the point Figure 1 2 Whether printed small or viewed through a high level zoom this image remains crisp and clear Chapter 1 Introducing Photoshop CS2 Another advantage of drawings is that they take up relatively little space on a hard drive The file size of a drawing depends on the quantity and complexity of the objects the drawing contains Thus the file size has almost nothing to do with the size of the printed image which is just the opposite of the way bitmapped images work A thumbnail drawing of a garden that contains hundreds of leaves and petals
12. ows bear in mind there are a lot of smaller upgrades and changes beyond this very basic list and you ll discover them throughout the rest of the book and in your own travels with Photoshop New Workspace Presets Chapter 2 In previous versions you could save workspaces configurations of palette and tool placements that were con ducive to specific images or types of work In CS2 you can choose from nine new workspace presets designed for different tasks such as creating Web graphics working with type or correcting color The Bridge Chapter 3 When you upgraded from version 7 to Photoshop CS you probably noticed the File Browser You may not have used it much how ever because while it was a major improvement simply because such a tool was added it wasn t the most efficient or intuitive tool Replacing the File Browser in CS2 is the Bridge a workspace that you can invoke through several avenues The Bridge provides tools for searching for sorting organizing and using your images for a variety of print and online distribution products from photo album pages to a gallery of Web images Animation Chapter 18 Previously available only in ImageReady Photoshop CS2 enables you to create animations from your images building frames and establishing the playback rules for them It s rumored that ImageReady will be going away in future releases of Photoshop so this is just the beginning of the integration of ImageRe
13. sp ultrasmooth edges Brochures flyers and other single page documents that mingle artwork logos and body copy text such as the text you re reading now 7 8 Part Welcome to Photoshop If you re serious about computer graphics you should own at least one painting program and one drawing program If I had to rely exclusively on two graphics applications for producing still two dimensional images I would choose Photoshop and Illustrator Adobe has done a fine job of establishing symmetry between the two programs so that they share common interface elements and keyboard shortcuts Learn one and the other makes a lot more sense What s New in Photoshop CS2 While at first glance it doesn t appear that CS2 is a major upgrade from CS or from version 7 if you happened to skip the upgrade to CS that doesn t mean that it isn t a worthwhile investment on the contrary you ll find that new tools and new options for individual tools and the program as a whole make it a very important upgrade for users of all levels Many of these improvements don t smack you in the face when you first open the application you might not notice them until you go to do some image restoration tinker with color or light correction or attempt to organize your images To give you a quick tour of what s new and improved a list of the most sig nificant upgrades changes and notes as to where to find coverage of the features in the book foll
14. the image is printed Print the image small and the pixels become tiny which increases the resolution of the image Like the millions of cells in your body tiny pixels become too small to see and thus blend together to form a cohesive whole as in the first image in Figure 1 1 Print the image large and the pixels grow which decreases the resolution Large pixels are like cells viewed through a microscope once you can distinguish them independently the image falls apart as in the second example in the figure The results are jagged edges and blocky transitions The only way to remedy this problem is to increase the num ber of pixels in the image which increases the size of the file g Cross Bear in mind that this is a very basic explanation of how images work For a more Reference complete description that includes techniques for maximizing image resolution and quality check out Chapter 3 6 Part Welcome to Photoshop Figure 1 1 When printed small an image appears smooth and sharp left But when enlarged the now visible individual pixels create a grainy image right The downs and ups of drawing The process of creating a vector based drawing might more aptly be termed constructing because you actually build each of the lines and shapes point by point and stack them on top of each other to create a finished image Each of these objects is independently editable one of the main advantages of an object
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