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Cisco Aironet Directional/Omni-Directional Antenna - 9.5 dBi

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1. AIR ANT5135DG R Omnidirectional Indoor only gray non articulating dipole like 3 5 dBi omnidirectional antenna for 5 GHz Use with any radio with 5 GHz connectors AIR ANT5145V R Diversity Indoor only diversity omnidirectional 5 GHz antenna for 4 5 dBi Omnidirectional use with the 1200 Series and the 802 11a module AIR RM22A Integrated RM21A Antenna diversity antenna performance AIR ANT5160V R Omnidirectional Indoor or outdoor use omnidirectional 5 GHz antenna for 6 dBi use with the 1200 Series and the 802 11a module AIR RM22A Can be mast or ceiling mounted AIR ANT5170P R Diversity Patch Wall Mount diversity patch antenna with RP TNC 7 dBi Connectors Designed for use in both indoor and outdoor applications It comes with wall mount hardware and has a gain of 7 dBi It has a plenum rated pigtail cable of 36 AIR ANT5195P R Patch Wall or Mast Mount Patch Antenna Designed for use 9 5 dBi indoor or outdoors this antenna comes with a wall mount and a plate that adapts to articulating mounting hardware AIR ACC2662 which is sold separately It has a plenum rated pigtail cable of 36 in 2 4 GHz and 5 Ghz Access Point and Bridge Antennas with N Type Connectors AIR ANT2450V N Omnidirectional 2 4 GHz 5 dBi omnidirectional antenna for mesh access 5 dBi points Suitable for use on Cisco Aironet 1520 Series Mesh Access Points in all deployments including cable strand mounting situations It mounts directily to t
2. 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 24 of 61 Reference Guide S O 2 2 dBi Dipole AIR ANT2422DG R ow a o o emn ew Comes Sm momo ormes O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 25 of 61 Reference Guide r O 5 2 dBi Ceiling Mount Omnidirectional AIR ANT1728 Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Cable Length 3 ft 91 m 11 25 in x 1 in 28 57 cm x 2 54 Drop ceiling cross member indoor only All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 26 of 61 Reference Guide 5 2 dBi Mast Mount Omnidirectional p gt Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications 11 5 1 Polycarbonate lt 1 125 Aluminum Mounting _ Camps Mast Cable AIR ANT2506 emn i ea O o Dimensions nenanem OOOO momin wenno nooo OO All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 27 of 61 Reference Guide 5 2 dBi Pillar Mount Diversity Omnidirectional AIR ANT3213 Dimensions and Mounting Left Antenna Radiation Patterns Right Antenna Radiation Patterns
3. Omnidirectional 40 degrees RP TNC 3 ft 91 cm 6 9 in x 3 in x 9 in 17 53 cm x 7 62 cm x 2 29 cm Ceiling Mount All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 56 of 61 Reference Guide S O Cisco Aironet 1100 Series Integrated Antenna Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 57 of 61 Reference Guide Cisco Aironet 1130 Series Integrated Antenna Frequency Range e 2 4 2 5GHz e 5 15 5 8 GHz e 2 4 GHz 3 dBi e 5 GHz 4 5 dBi All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 58 of 61 Reference Guide a Cisco Aironet 1000 Series Integrated Antenna 2 4 GHz 6 dBi Azimuth 5 GHz 5 dBi Azimuth 2 4 GHz 6 dBi Elevation 5 GHz 5 dBi Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Plane Radiation Pattern Plane Radiation Pattern Plane Radiation Pattern Frequency Range e 2 4 2 5GHz e 5 15 5 8 GHz e 2 4 GHz 6 dBi e 5 GHz 5 dBi Azimuth 3dB BW e 2 4 GHz 70 degrees e 5 GHz 55 degrees Elevations 3dB BW e 2 4 GHz 60 degrees e 5 GHz 35 degrees Antenna Options Integrated antennas AP1010 oo antennas 2 2 4 GHz connectors and 5 GHz connector AP1020 AP1030 All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights
4. cable while the 20 and 50 foot cables are LMR400 type cables All four lengths are supplied with one RP TNC plug and one RP TNC jack connector attached This allows for connection to the radio unit and to the interconnect cable supplied on the antennas Connectors According to the US Federal Code of Regulations products used in the 2 4 and 5 GHz ISM bands manufactured after June 1994 must either use connectors that are unique and nonstandard meaning not readily available on the market by the average user or be designed to be professionally installed professional here indicates a person trained in RF installation and regulations Since many of the 2 4 GHz products are installed by non RF trained personnel these products must comply with the unique connector ruling The BR1400 is designed for installation by a RF professional and therefore may use a standard N style connector Cisco Aironet 2 4 GHz products use Reverse Polarity TNC RP TNC connectors While they are similar to the normal TNC connectors they cannot be mated to the standard connectors To ensure compatibility with Cisco Aironet products use antennas and cabling from Cisco Mounting Hardware Each antenna requires some type of mounting The standard dipole antenna simply connects to the RP TNC connector on the back of the unit Mast mount antennas are designed to mount to a mast up to 1 5 inches and each comes with mounting hardware for attachment The Yagi antennas hav
5. what differentiates a point to point from a multipoint system In Figure 7 point A communicates to a single point B and point B communicates to a single point A therefore it is simple to see that both locations see this as a point to point installation In Figure 8 point A communicates to more than one or multiple points therefore point A is operating in a multipoint configuration and the largest antenna permitted is 16 dBi Point B or point C can each communicate to only one point point A therefore point B and point C actually operate in a single point or point to point operation and a larger antenna may be used Figure 7 Point to Point Wireless Bridge Solution Figure 8 Point to Multipoint Wireless Bridge Solution All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 13 of 61 Reference Guide S O e Amplifiers The FCC Rules Section 15 204 Part C states External radio frequency power amplifiers shall not be marketed as separate products Part D states Only the antenna with which an intentional radiator transmitter is originally authorized may be used with the intentional radiator This means that unless the amplifier manufacturer submits the amplifier for testing with the radio and antenna it cannot be sold in the U S If it has been certified then it must be marketed and sold as a complete system including transmitte
6. but with a reduced coverage angle Directional antennas include yagi antennas Figure 3 patch antennas Figure 2 and parabolic dishes Parabolic dishes have a very narrow RF energy path and the installer must be accurate in aiming these at each other All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 3 of 61 Reference Guide a Figure 2 Directional Patch Antenna Figure 3 YAGI Antenna 68 78 degrees at 900 MHz 28 80 degrees at 2 4 GHz Directional Yagi Diversity Antenna Systems Diversity antenna systems are used to overcome a phenomenon known as multipath distortion of multipath fading It uses two identical antennas located a small distance apart to provide coverage to the same physical area Multipath Distortion Multipath interference occurs when an RF signal has more than one path between a receiver and a transmitter This occurs in sites that have a large amount of metallic or other RF reflective surfaces Just as light and sound bounce off of objects so does RF This means there can be more than one path that RF takes when going from a TX to and RX antenna These multiple signals combine in the RX antenna and receiver to cause distortion of the signal Multipath interference can cause the RF energy of an antenna to be very high but the data would be unrecoverable Changing the type of antenna and location of the antenna can elimin
7. dBi MAST Mount Omnidirectional AIR ANT58G9VOA N Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Cable Length 4 9 ft 1 5 m All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 50 of 61 Reference Guide S O 9 5 dBi Mast Mount Sector AIR ANT58G10SSA N Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Mounting Bracket For Fast Mount For Wall Mount LMR 400 COAX 1 5m Long Isometric View Side View 180 C HSS Cheweona Comectn NM omensons wR momin ASR Sin etme O OOOO O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 51 of 61 Reference Guide S O 14 dBi Patch AIR ANT5114P N Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications a a i TIPE H FOMALE COAMEL TOR 4 9 5 4 GHz 13 dBi E 5 4 5 85 GHz 14 dBi Dimensions 8 in 4 18 in 1 27 omx 1 27 om Mounting Watormasi All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 52 of 61 Reference Guide r O 17 dBi Sector AIR ANT5117S N Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specificatio
8. middle of the RF path Table 3 Guideline on Height Requirements for 2 4 GHz Antennas Wireless Link Approx Value F Approx Value C Value H mounting Ht Distance miles 60 Fresnel Zone Earth Curvature Ft with No Obstructions Ft at 2 4 GHz a 10 13 Cisco com provides an Outdoor Bridge Range Calculation Utility for both the 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz products This utility calculates the Fresnel zone and maximum range based upon cable types and lengths transmitter and receiver models and antennas The utility can be found at htto www cisco com en US prod collateral wireless ps5678 ps458 prod technical reference0918 6a00800a912a xls A 10 dB fade margin is included for 2 4 GHz calculations while the included 5dB fade margin for 5 GHz calculations is sufficient for dependable communications in all weather conditions All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 11 of 61 Reference Guide The distances given are only theoretical and should only be used to determine the feasibility of a particular design Outdoors every increase of 6 dB will double the distance Every decrease of 6 dB will halve the distance Shorter cable runs and higher gain antennas can make a significant difference to the range Regulations North America e Connectors In 1985 the FCC enacted standards for the commercial use of spread spectrum technolog
9. reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 59 of 61 Reference Guide S O Cisco Aironet 1300 Series Integrated Antenna All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 60 of 61 Reference Guide Americas Heacquartery fas Heelies deserters Curape Haadguewtars Cisse Syriens Au Cees Sysers we Cisse Sysieme mameationa BY iv West TRemer Drive 1ER Robireon Rig Hsarerpenmpar 1 i i a Sear Joga TE BOT 7O Eoo eA IS apital Tower Hoarlernercaesg 12 12 JSA Fwgapoe GABE 12 1121 CH Amsterdam C S O WWS ERCA M Ye SST Tre Nethadands e l 406 H26 a0cks Tel 55 S17 FP ti AOL OGRA SOG Cor HO SES NETS 357 Far 05 29417 7726 Tel 31 8 XN G20 GFE Fax IES B27 ee Sa 913 29 SBF 1100 Cisco has mare than 266 ofiz ie Addresses phone numbers and tex numbers ara listed on the Cisse Website at wwwiciseo cemya offices LISCO Nas m le zez wori Wt tiA Ee MINVSS ANS TeX NUMIRE 2I SLTA SAD L gl RDNS A wy A TEC E PUTTS 2007 Slaoa Systems Inc All ights served SOVE th Gieco odo ana the Cleon Roueg Brags loge i tadamnarks of Claro Systoma ian Ohengine ths Wey Wo Work vo Play ana ser 1s 2 servea merka Caco Saye Pc and Access Megiel ETAN net BPX Caialyol CODA OOD Asi E COP CHA SON COSC TE a Disco Gentieg naamiehwork Expert ogu Saco 103 Ciacol mas Fisce aac Cisco Systems Genie ine Cisca Syeiems logo Oiseo Unity Eniecorse Seler Gh
10. usm em asem oww All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 10 of 61 Reference Guide S O Outdoor Range The range of a wireless link is dependent upon the maximum allowable path loss For outdoor links this is a straightforward calculation as long as there is clear line of sight between the two antennas with sufficient clearance for the Fresnel zone For line of sight you should be able to visibly see the remote locations antenna from the main site Longer distances may require the use of binoculars There should be no obstructions between the antennas themselves This includes trees buildings hills and so on As the distance extends beyond six miles the curve of the earth commonly called earth bulge affects installation requiring antennas to be placed at higher elevations Fresnel Zone Fresnel zone is an elliptical area immediately surrounding the visual path It varies depending on the length of the signal path and the frequency of the signal The Fresnel zone can be calculated and it must be taken into account when designing a wireless link Figure 6 Figure 6 Fresnel Zone Fresnel Zone Raise Antennas wr Based on both line of sight and Fresnel zone requirements Table 3 provides a guideline on height requirements for 2 4 GHz antennas as various distances This refers to height above any obstacles located in the
11. way is that if antenna no 1 is communicating to device no 1 while device no 2 which is in the antenna no 2 cell tries to communicate antenna no 2 is not connected due to the position of the switch and the communication fails Diversity antennas should cover the same area from only a slightly different location With the introduction of the latest DS physical layer chips and the use of diversity antenna systems DS systems have equaled or surpassed FH in handling multipath interference While the introduction of WBFH does increase the bandwidth of FH systems it drastically affects the ability to handle multipath issues further reducing its range compared to present DS systems in high RF reflective sites Wireless LAN Design Before the physical environment is examined it is critical to identify the mobility of the application the means for coverage and system redundancy An application such as point to point which connects two or more stationary users may be best served by a directional antenna while mobile users will generally require a number of omnidirectional micro cells These individual micro cells can be linked together through the wired LAN infrastructure or by using the wireless repeater functionality built into every Cisco Aironet Access Point All Cisco Aironet Wireless LAN products are designed to support complex multicell environments transparently through the patented Cisco MicroCellular Architecture All contents ar
12. 3 ft 91 cm 5 3 in x 5 3 in x 90 in 13 5 cm x 13 5 cm x 2 2 cm Wall Mount All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 31 of 61 Reference Guide 10 dBi Wall Mast Mount YAGI AIR ANT2410Y R Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Mast 1 125 to 1 25 _ ee 77 Connector RP TNC a Dimensions omang O momo wamo All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 32 of 61 Reference Guide S O 12 dBi Mast Mount Omnidirectional AIR ANT24120 Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern TOP ALUMINUM CAP FIBER GLASS ANTENNA RADOME 7 00 ALUMINUM ANTENNA BASE emn o ooo i e yo omens emaan OOOO wmo Mo All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 33 of 61 Reference Guide a 13 5 dBi Mast Wall Mount YAGI AIR ANT1949 Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Mast 1 125 to 1 25 lt 18 Direction of Signal 13 5dB Yagi 2 4GHz Connector RP TNC a E SSS Dimensions onson OOOO O momo Mamet O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights r
13. Afafe CISCO Reference Guide Cisco Aironet Antennas and Accessories Overview Executive Overview This antenna reference guide is intended to provide information to assist in understanding the issues and concerns of antennas used with a Cisco Aironet wireless LAN system or wireless bridge system It details deployment and design limitations and capabilities and basic theories of antennas This document also contains information about the Cisco Systems antennas and accessories as well as installation scenarios regulatory information and technical specifications and diagrams of the available antennas Overview of Antennas Each Cisco Aironet radio product is designed to perform in a variety of environments Implementing the antenna system can greatly improve coverage and performance To optimize the overall performance of a Cisco wireless LAN it is important to understand how to maximize radio coverage with the appropriate antenna selection and placement An antenna system comprises numerous components including the antenna mounting hardware connectors antenna cabling and in some cases a lightning arrestor For a consultation please contact a Cisco Aironet partner at http tools cisco com WWChannels LOCATR jsp partner_locator jsp Cisco partners can provide onsite engineering assistance for complex requirements Radio Technologies In the mid 1980s the U S Federal Communications Commission FCC modified Part 15 of the r
14. S J Pas i g q F F F a o T T b I j 1 Dae 4 j ry j X li h i j k Figure 10 802 11a Channel Allocation PS 5150 5180 5200 5220 5240 5260 5280 5300 5320 5350 Lower Band Upper Band Edge Edge Channels 2 402 MHz 2 483 MHz MHz 5725 5745 5765 5785 5805 5825 5845 Lower Band Edge Upper Band Edge All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 16 of 61 Reference Guide Table 5 802 11a Frequency Plan Regulatory Domain Frequency Band Channel Number Centre Frequencies e UNII lower band e 5 15 5 25 GHz UNII middle band 5 25 5 35 GHz UNII upper band 5 725 5 825 GHz ISM band 5 725 5 825 GHz e 5 180 GHz 5 220 GHz 5 230 GHz 5 240 GHz 5 260 GHz 5 280 GHz 5 300 GHz 5 320 GHz 5 745 GHz 5 795 GHz 5 785 GHz 5 805 GHz 5 745 GHz 5 795 GHz 5 785 GHz 5 805 GHz 5 825 GHz Cisco Aironet Antenna Descriptions Table 6 below defines the various 2 4 GHz antennas that are offered by Cisco for the Cisco Aironet product line and Table 7 lists the available antennas for the Cisco Aironet 5 GHz bridge products Table 8 defines the 2 antennas that are offered for use with the Cisco Aironet 1250 Series Access Points Table 6 2 4 GHz Antennas AIR ANT5959 Diversity Omnidirectional AIR ANT4941 Omnidirectional AIR ANT2422DW R Omnidirectional AIR ANT2422DG R Omnidirectional AIR ANT1728 Om
15. Specifications mo Anamsih Paw Pattem oo Eevee Plane Pattern Cable Exit fom e Dimensions inasnan GSSSonxi Tenaamtem O OOOO All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 28 of 61 Reference Guide a O 6 dBi Wall Mount Directional AIR ANT2460P R Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications SHIGE 09819 4 1 in x 3 9 in x 75 in 10 41 cm x 9 90 cm x 1 90 cm Wall Mount All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 29 of 61 Reference Guide S O 6 5 dBi Wall Mount AIR ANT2465P R Dimensions and Mounting Specifications Azimuth Plane Panem 35 095 ADmuth Plane Pater _ Elevaton Plane Pattern ti jij Elevation Piane P atem emn o a o Dimensions emxo7inxaon 07m Toemen moms awe o All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 30 of 61 Reference Guide a O 8 5 dBi Wall Mount AIR ANT2485P R Dimensions and Mounting Specifications Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Frequency Range 2 4 2 5 GHz VSWR 2 1 Max 1 5 1 Nominal 8 5 dBi Polarization Vertical Azimuth 3dB BW 66 degrees Elevations 3dB BW 56 degrees Antenna Connector RP TNC Cable Length
16. acking material on the rack and ability to locate the antenna at this height Mounting the antenna higher will sometimes actually reduce coverage as the angle of radiation from the antenna is more outward than down The antenna should be placed in the center of the desired coverage cell and in an open area for best performance In cases where the radio unit will be located against a wall a directional antenna such as a patch or yagi can be used for better penetration of the area The coverage angle of the antenna will affect the coverage area All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 6 of 61 Reference Guide a e Small Office Small Retail The standard dipole may provide adequate coverage in these areas depending on the location of the radio device However in a back corner office a patch antenna may provide better coverage It can be mounted to the wall above most obstructions for best performance Coverage of this type antenna depends on the surrounding environment Enterprise Large Retail In most cases these installations require a large coverage area Experience has shown that omnidirectional antennas mounted just below the ceiling girders or just below the drop ceiling typically provide the best coverage this will vary with stocking type of material and building construction The antenna should be placed in the center of the desired coverage cell
17. adio spectrum regulation which governs unlicensed devices The modification authorized wireless network products to operate in the Industrial Scientific and Medical ISM bands using spread spectrum modulation This type of modulation had formerly been classified and permitted only in military products The ISM frequencies are in three different bands located at 900 MHz 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz This document covers both the 2 4 and 5 GHz bands The ISM bands typically allow users to operate wireless products without requiring specific licenses but this will vary in some countries In the United States there is no requirement for FCC licenses The products themselves must meet certain requirements to be certified for sale such as operation under 1 watt transmitter output power in the United States and maximum antenna gain or Effective Isotropic Radiated Power EIRP ratings The Cisco Aironet product lines utilize both the 2 4 and 5 GHz bands In the United States three bands are defined as unlicensed and known as the ISM bands The ISM bands are as follows e 900 MHz 902 928 MHz e 2 4 GHz 2 4 2 4835 GHz IEEE 802 11b e 5 GHz 5 15 5 35 and 5 725 5 825 GHz IEEE 802 11a HIPERLAN 1 and HIPERLAN 2 This band is also known as the UNII band and has 3 sub bands UNII1 5 150 5 250 GHz UNII2 5 250 5 350 GHz and UNII3 5 725 5 825 GHz All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisc
18. and in an open area for best performance In cases where the radio unit will be located in a corner or at one end of the building a directional antenna such as a patch or yagi can be used for better penetration of the area Also for areas that are long and narrow such as long rows of racking a directional antenna at one end may provide better coverage The radiation angle of the antennas will also affect the coverage area Point to Point When connecting two points together Such as a wireless bridge the distance obstructions and antenna location must be considered If the antennas can be mounted indoors and the distance is very short Several hundred feet the standard dipole or mast mount 5 2 dBi omnidirectional may be used An alternative is to use two patch antennas For very long distances 1 2 mi or more directional high gain antennas must be used These antennas should be installed as high as possible and above obstructions such as trees buildings and so on and if directional antennas are used they must be aligned so that their main radiated power lobes are directed at each other With a line of site configuration distances of up to 25 miles at 2 4 GHz and 12 miles at 5 GHz can be reached using parabolic dish antennas if a clear line of site is maintained With the use of directional antennas fewer interference possibilities exist and there is less possibility of causing interference to anyone else e Point to Multipoint Br
19. ate multipath interference Figure 4 Figure 4 Multipath Distortion All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 4 of 61 Reference Guide Received Signals Ceiling Time gt Combined Results Obstruction Floor You can relate this to a common occurrence in your car As you pull up to a stop you may notice static on the radio But as you move forward a few inches or feet the station starts to come in more clearly By rolling forward you move the antenna slightly out of the point where the multiple signals converge A diversity antenna system can be compared to a switch that selects one antenna or another never both at the same time The radio in receive mode will continually switch between antennas listening for a valid radio packet After the beginning sync of a valid packet is heard the radio will evaluate the sync signal of the packet on one antenna then switch to the other antenna and evaluate Then the radio will select the best antenna and use only that antenna for the remaining portion of that packet On transmit the radio will select the same antenna it used the last time it communicated to that given radio If a packet fails it will switch to the other antenna and retry the packet One caution with diversity it is not designed for using two antennas covering two different coverage cells The problem in using it this
20. band The gain is 13 5 dBi and the half power beamwidth is 30 degrees This antenna is normally mounted on a mast and is vertically polarized AIR ANT2414S R Sector Mast mount outdoor sector antenna with a RP TNC 14 dBi connector This antenna was designed for WLAN applications for frequencies of 2400 2500 MHz The antenna is directional and has a nominal gain of 14 dBi Its flexible mounting bracket allows for either mast or wall mounting options AIR ANT3338 Dish Very high gain outdoor antenna with a RP TNC connector 21 dBi This WLAN antenna is a parabolic dish designed to be used as a bridge antenna between two networks or for point to point communications It consists of an aluminum parabolic reflector and feed antenna The antenna features a rugged mount It also offers 20 degree fine adjustment for both horizontal and vertical planes The antenna is provided with hardware for mast mounting Table 7 5 GHz Antennas AIR ANT5135D R Omnidirectional Indoor only black dipole like omnidirectional antenna for 5 3 5 dBi GHz Used with the 802 11a radio AIR RM22A and the 1200 Series access point AIR ANT5135DW R Omnidirectional Indoor only white dipole like omnidirectional antenna for 5 3 5 dBi GHz Used with the 802 11a radio AIR RM22A and the 1200 Series access point All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 18 of 61 Reference Guide
21. ckage for both 2 4 GHz and 2 4 GHz 3 dBi Antenna 5 GHz designed for high performance in both 5 GHz 4 5 dBi ceiling and wall mount applications Antennas provide hemispherical coverage and can not be removed from the Access Point No connectors are offered for additional external antennas Integrated AP1000 Bi Directional 2 4 GHz offers diversity patch antennas to 2 4 GHz 5 5 dBi Antenna provide bi directional while 5 GHz is a bi 5 Ghz 5 dBi directional antenna The AP can be mounted on the ceiling or in wall mount applications The AP1010 offers integrated antennas only while the AP1020 and AP1030 offers both integrated antennas and 2 RP TNC 2 4 GHz connectors and 1 5 GHz RP TNC connector Integrated BR1310G 2402 2497 MHz Patch Array Antenna When the Patch Antenna captured antenna version is ordered this antenna is attached to the 1300 AP Bridge and provides an integrated solution with exceptional gain This antenna can not be removed for use with other radios Integrated BR1410 Integrated Patch 5 8 GHz UNII 3 Patch antenna When the 22 5 dBi Patch Antenna captured antenna version is ordered this antenna is attached to the BR1410 bridge and provides for an integrated solution with exceptional gain The antenna is not compatible with other Cisco Aironet radio products operating in the 5 GHz frequency band All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Publ
22. d outdoors on a mast or a suitable vertical surface The antenna is not compatible with other Cisco Aironet radio products operating in the 5 GHz frequency band AIR ANT5114P N Patch 5 GHz 14 dBi patch antenna for use in the 4950 14 dBi 5850 MHz frequency band The antenna has an N type connector and will require a separate low loss cable for mounting to the access point Articulating mount included Fits mast pole sizes 2 diameter maximum Omnidirectional This articulating antenna is a dual function diversity omni 5 dBi 9 dBi Patch or patch antenna It is permanently attached to the RM 21A 5 GHz Cardbus radio module used with the 1200 Series access point and operates between 5150 5825 MHz When folded flat to the AP housing it is in a 9 dBi patch mode and when moved to any other position it switches to a 5 dBi omni mode In both cases it provides AIR ANT58G9VOA N All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 19 of 61 Reference Guide AIR ANT5117S N Sector 5 GHz 17 dBi sector antenna for use in the 4950 5850 MHz frequency band The antenna has an N type connector and will require a separate low loss cable for mounting to the access point Fits mast pole sizes 1 5 to 3 diameter maximum AIR ANT58G28SDA N Dish A parabolic dish antenna for use with the Cisco Aironet 1400 Series Wireless Bridge This non diversity pa
23. e Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 5 of 61 Reference Guide The Physical Environment After mobility issues are resolved the physical environment must be examined While the area of coverage is the most important determining factor for antenna selection it is not the sole decision criteria Building construction ceiling height internal obstructions available mounting locations and customer aesthetic desires also must be considered Cement and steel construction have different radio propagation characteristics Internal obstructions such as product inventory and racking in warehousing environments are factors In outdoor environments many objects can affect antenna patterns such as trees vehicles and buildings to name a few The Network Connections The access points use a 10 100 Mb Ethernet connection Typically the access point is in the same location as the antenna While it may seem that the best place to put the access point is in a wiring closet with the other network components such as switches hubs and routers this is not the case The antenna must be placed in an area that provides the best coverage determined by a site survey Many people new to wireless LANs want to locate the access points in the wiring closet and connect the antenna using RF coax Antenna cable introduces losses in the antenna system on both the transmitter and the receiver As th
24. e an articulating mount option which is included in the back of this document Patch antennas are designed to mount flat against a wall or ceiling and ceiling mount antennas are equipped with a drop ceiling cross member attachment The 2 4 GHz 21 dBi parabolic dish mounts to a 1 625 to a 2 375 in mast and fine threaded turnbuckles allow accurate aiming of the antenna All the BR1400 external 5 GHz antennas can be attached to a mast ranging from 1 5 to 2 5 inches For most indoor applications a 75 or 1 in electrical conduit provides a suitable mounting For outdoor application a heavy galvanized or aluminum wall mast should be used that will withstand the wind loading rating of the selected antenna Lightning Arrestors When using outdoor antenna installations it is always possible that an antenna will suffer damage from potential charges developing on the antenna and cable or surges induced from nearby lightning strikes The BR1400 includes lightning protection at the power injector while the Aironet lightning arrestor is designed to protect 2 4 GHz to 5 8 GHz radio equipment from static electricity and lightning induced surges that travel on coaxial transmission lines Both systems need to be properly grounded as identified in the hardware installation manuals of the products These protection mechanisms will not prevent damage in the event of a direct lightning hit All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights re
25. e length of cable increases so does the amount of loss introduced To operate at optimum efficiency cable runs should be kept as short as possible See the section on cabling later in this document Building Construction The density of the materials used in a building s construction determines the number of walls the RF signal can pass through and still maintain adequate coverage Following are a few examples Actual effect on the RF must be tested at the site and therefore a site survey is suggested Paper and vinyl walls have very little effect on signal penetration Solid walls and floors and precast concrete walls can limit signal penetration to one or two walls without degrading coverage This may vary widely based on any steel reinforcing within the concrete Concrete and concrete block walls may limit signal penetration to three or four walls Wood or drywall typically allow for adequate penetration through five or six walls A thick metal wall reflects signals resulting in poor penetration Steel reinforced concrete flooring will restrict coverage between floors to perhaps one or two floors Recommendations for some common installation environments are outlined below e Warehousing Manufacturing In most cases these installations require a large coverage area Experience has shown that an omnidirectional antenna mounted at 20 to 25 feet typically provides the best overall coverage Of course this also depends upon the height of the r
26. el overlap such that signals from neighboring channels can interfere with each other In a 14 channel DS system 11 usable in the US only three non overlapping and hence non interfering channels 25 MHz apart are possible for example channels 1 6 and 11 This channel spacing governs the use and allocation of channels in a multi access point environment such as an office or campus Access points are usually deployed in cellular fashion within an enterprise where adjacent access points are allocated non overlapping channels Alternatively access points can be collocated using channels 1 6 and 11 to deliver 33 Mbps bandwidth to a single area but only 11 Mbps to a single client The channel allocation scheme is illustrated in Figure 9 and the available channels in the different regulatory domains are defined in Table 4 on the following page Figure 9 IEEE 802 11b g DSSS Channel Allocations All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 14 of 61 Reference Guide Channels 2 402 GHz 22 MHz 2 483 GHz Table 4 exhibits the channels permitted in the corresponding approval areas Table 4 DSSS PHY Frequency Channel Plan Regulatory Domains Maximum Conducted Average Power Levels in dBm 2400 2484 MHz pies fee s eialele fetes e e ewe x x xxx fsfi x x x x x x r x xtxtx e xix x x x x x x x x x x w x xf
27. erlhannel Fine Past Eiher Swin Feel Sten Follow Me Browsing Farmdhere Gigabrive Ogasu Hamelink nema Guctiend OS hans PYTV iG Fxoaanise the Q loge O Nat Reaclinass Scorecard Quick Study UgatSeoan Linksys WoetnP leo VOX Networking een Notwork Registrar Packat PIN PreCornery Retem Ut ScriptSharn SiiceGas SMAR Is Biakilla The Pasies Wey lo increese Your Ineng Quote and lind elti am reg sie wx Tadomaika o Gisco Sysiens ne anc orita ef igles in the Lote Stelos ano aerial dhar count es All other tiadamarks ontionod In this document or Wobeto ere tha groper of holt reapcetlyo ganos Tha use af ine word petma goos not impl 2 gartrorgh p relatinnshin poewoen Clanc and any otter compans 70123 Printed in USA C07 60002 10 02 08 All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 61 of 61
28. eserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 34 of 61 Reference Guide S O 14 dBi Mast Mount Sector AIR ANT2414S R Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Linear Vertical Dimensions snremxan Graeme Mounting MastMount o All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 35 of 61 Reference Guide 21 dBi Mast Mount Parabolic Dish AIR ANT3338 Dimensions and Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Mounting Specifications Less than 1 8 1 15 1 Nominal Pew wm fo T dimensions dBA A TBS sensar OOOO o Mounting Mestwout O S O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 36 of 61 Reference Guide S O 3 5 dBi Dipole AIR ANT5135D R 5 3 in 13 46 cm RP TNC Connector All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 37 of 61 Reference Guide S O 3 5 dBi Dipole AIR ANT5135DW R Dimensions Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern and Mounting Specifications emn ew o Dimensions sencas O O momo Remec O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Info
29. g for Inverted Mounting 3X Drain Hole Do Not Block a omens esmane OOO mams eee All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 46 of 61 Reference Guide S O 7 5 dBi Omnidirectional AIR ANT5175V N Dimensions and Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Mounting Specifications 5 8 24 UNEF Thread 1 1 8 Blue Cisco Marker ID Sleeve Cable Length 1 ft 0 30 m 11 65 in x 1 in 29 5 cm x 2 54 cm All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 47 of 61 Reference Guide 8 dBi Omnidirectional AIR ANT2480V N Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications 19 1 2 C Dimensions osmanto OOOO mamo i oeme All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 48 of 61 Reference Guide a 8 dBi Direct Mount Omnidirectional AIR ANT5180V N Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications 11 042 0 094 280 45 2 39 C omens oenen O moms O i oee o All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 49 of 61 Reference Guide a 9
30. he access point and has no cable attachments AIR ANT2455V N Omnidirectional A 5 5 dBi antenna for use in the 2400 2484 MHz 5 5 dBi frequency band which utilizes a N type connector This antenna directly mounts onto the unit and has no cable attachments AIR ANT5175V N Omnidirectional A 7 5 dBi antenna which supports 4900 5825 MHz Ithas 7 5 dBi a 12 pigtail cable and a N type connector AIR ANT2480V N Omnidirectional 2 4 GHz 8 dBi omnidirectional antenna for use in the 8 dBi 2400 2484 MHz frequency band which utilizes an N type connector It mounts directly to the access point and has no cable attachments AIR ANT5180V N Omnidirectional 5 GHz 8 dBi direct mount omnidirectional antenna for 8 dBi mesh APs Suitable for use on AP1520 series mesh APs in all deployments Not suitable for use on AP1505 and AP1510 series mesh APs Omnidirectional An omnidirectional antenna for use with the Cisco Aironet 9 dBi 1400 Series Wireless Bridge This non diversity vertically polarized antenna operates in the UNII 3 band 5725 to 5825 MHz The antenna is designed to be mast mounted in an outdoor environment The antenna is not compatible with other Cisco Aironet radio products operating in the 5 GHz frequency band AIR ANT58G10SSA N Sector A sector antenna for use with the Cisco Aironet 1400 9 5 dBi Series Wireless Bridge This non diversity symmetric antenna operates in the UNII 3 band 5725 5825 MHz The antenna is designed to be mounte
31. ic Information Page 20 of 61 Reference Guide Cisco Aironet Cable Descriptions Table 9 below defines the cables available for interconnecting the antennas and the radio devices for the Cisco Aironet product line Table 10 Cisco Cables Cisco Part Number Type of Cable Description Loss at Loss at 2 4 GHz 5 8 GHz AIR CABOO5LL N Interconnect 5 ft low loss cable one straight N connector one 0 5 dB 0 8 dB 90 degree N connector AIR CABOO5LL R Interconnect 5 ft low loss cable one RP TNC plug one 0 5 dB 0 8 dB RP TNC jack AIR CABO10LL N Interconnect 10 ft low loss cable one straight N connector 0 9 dB 1 5 dB one 90 degree N connector AIR CABO20LL R Interconnect 20 ft low loss cable one RP TNC plug one 1 3 dB 2 5 dB RP TNC jack AIR CABO50LL R Interconnect 50 ft low loss cable one RP TNC plug one 3 4 dB 5 75 dB RP TNC jack AIR CAB100ULL R Interconnect 100 ft ultra low loss cable one RP TNC plug 4 4 dB 7 25 dB one RP TNC jack AIR CAB150ULL R Interconnect 150 ft ultra low loss cable one RP TNC plug 6 6 dB 11 dB one RP TNC jack AIR ACC2537 060 Bulkhead Extender 5 ft 60 inches RG 58 type cable with one RP ic plug ne one RP TNC jack Table 11 Accessories AIR ACC2662 Yagi Articulating Mount This mount permits the Yagi antenna to be mounted to a flat surface or a mast and then be adjusted in both horizontal and vertical angles AIR ACC245LA R Lightning Arrestor Supports both 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz operation Provides ligh
32. ic Information Page 42 of 61 Reference Guide S O 7 dBi Diversity Patch Wall Mount AIR ANT5170P R Dimensions and Mounting Left Antenna Radiation Pattern Right Antenna Radiation Pattern Specifications fom e Dimensions s7misan ormsn osom momo waon yo All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 43 of 61 Reference Guide S O 9 5 dBi Patch Wall or Articulating Mast Mount AIR ANT5195P R Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Ciace Sreveee 3 ft 91 cm 5 1 in x 5 1 in x 1 0 in 12 9 cm x 12 9 cm x 2 5 cm Wall mount or articulating mast mount All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 44 of 61 Reference Guide a 5 dBi Direct Mount Omnidirectional AIR ANT2450V N Dimensions and Mounting Specifications Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern emn o e o bimensions anerem O O O moams O i oee o All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 45 of 61 Reference Guide a 5 5 dBi Omnidirectional AIR ANT2455V N Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Removable Rubber Plu
33. idge In this case in which a single point is communicating to several remote points the use of an omnidirectional antenna at the main communication point must be considered The remote sites can use a directional antenna that is directed at the main point antenna Cabling As stated above cabling introduces losses into the system negating some of the gain an antenna introduces and reducing range of the RF coverage Interconnect Cable Attached to all antennas except the standard dipoles this cable provides a 50 Ohm impedance to the radio and antenna with a flexible connection between the two items It has a high loss factor and should not be used except for very short connections usually less than 10 feet Typical length on all antennas is 36 in or 12 in on Some outdoor antennas Low Loss Ultra Low Loss Cable Cisco offers two styles of cables for use with the 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz product line These cables provide a much lower loss factor than standard interconnect cable and they can be used when the antenna must be placed at any distance from the radio device While these are low loss cables they should still be kept to a minimum length There are two types of cable supplied by Cisco for All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 7 of 61 Reference Guide mounting the antenna away from the radio unit The 100 and 150 foot cables are LMR600 type
34. ions also define the maximum values in regards to the following two different system scenarios All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 12 of 61 Reference Guide In point to multipoint systems the FCC has limited the maximum EIRP effective isotropic radiated power to 36 dBm EIRP TX power antenna gain For every dB that the transmitter power is reduced the antenna may be increased by 1 dB 29 dBm TX 7 dB antenna 36 dBm EIRP 28 dBm TX 8 dB antenna 36 dBm EIRP The Cisco Aironet 2 4 GHz Bridge transmitter power is 20 dBm which is 10 dBm lower than maximum This then allows the use of antennas up to 10 dB over the initial 6 dBi limit or 16 dBi In point to point systems for 2 4 GHz systems using directional antennas the rules have changed Because a high gain antenna has a narrow beamwidth the likelihood is high that it will cause interference to other area users Under the rule change for every dB the transmitter is reduced below 30 dBm the antenna may be increased from the initial 6 dBi by 3 dB 29 dB transmitter means 9 dBi antenna 28 dB transmitter means 12 dBi antenna Because we are operating at 20 dBm which is 10 dB below the 30 dBm level we can increase the out antenna by 30 dB Note that Cisco has never tested and therefore is not certified with any antenna larger than 21 dBi The main issue that comes to question here is
35. lenum rated and 36 long AIR ANT2485P R Wall mount indoor outdoor antenna with a RP TNC 8 5 dBi connector Designed for use with any radio that features a RP TNC connector For use in the 2400 2500 MHz frequency band The plenum rated pigtail cable is 36 long AIR ANT2410Y R High gain outdoor directional antenna with a RP TNC 10 dBi connector This WLAN antenna is a completely enclosed yagi It is designed to be used as a bridge antenna between two networks or for point to point communications It has a nominal VSWR of 1 5 1 and is less than 2 1 over the entire frequency band The gain is 10 dBi and the half power beamwidth is 55 degrees This antenna is normally mounted on a mast and is vertically polarized AIR ANT24120 Omnidirectional Mast mount outdoor high gain antenna with a RP TNC 12 dBi connector This antenna was designed for WLAN applications for frequencies of 2400 2500 MHz The antenna is omni directional and has a nominal gain of 12 dBi This design uses an elevated center feed to produce an elevation pattern with very little squint or beam tilt It is designed to be mounted on a round mast AIR ANT1949 Yagi High gain outdoor directional antenna with a RP TNC 13 5 dBi connector This WLAN antenna is a completely enclosed 16 element yagi It is designed to be used as a bridge antenna between two networks or for point to point communications It has a nominal VSWR of 1 5 1 and is less than 2 1 over the entire frequency
36. mes with a clip that allows it to be mounted to a drop ceiling cross member Mast mount indoor outdoor antenna with a RP TNC connector This antenna was designed for WLAN applications for frequencies of 2400 2500 MHz The antenna is omnidirectional and has a nominal gain of 5 2 dBi It is designed to be mounted on a round mast All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 17 of 61 Reference Guide isco Partnumber Antenna Type Dessipton tn AIR ANT3213 Diversity Pillar mount diversity indoor antenna with two RP TNC Omnidirectional connectors Cosmetic antenna is ideal for the retail or hospital environment Includes 36 in of white RG 58 cable with a separation of coaxial cables that are joined together to form a 10 in length Has a tan cloth covering in a 14 in x 5 in x 1 in rectangle Included are two mounting brackets that will keep the antenna 6 in off the wall AIR ANT2460P R Patch Wall mount indoor outdoor directional patch antenna 6 dBi Designed for use with any radio that features an RP TNC antenna connector For use in the 2400 2500 MHz frequency band The pigtail cable is plenum rated 36 long AIR ANT2465P R Diversity Patch Wall mount indoor outdoor antenna with two RP TNC 6 5 dBi connectors Similar to the above patch but providing diversity antennas in the same package for areas where multipath problems exist The pigtail cable is p
37. nidirectional AIR ANT2506 Omnidirectional Ceiling mount diversity indoor antenna with RP TNC connectors This antenna was designed for WLAN applications for frequencies of 2400 2500 MHz The antenna is omnidirectional and has a nominal gain of 2 2 dBi Its low profile allows it to remain unnoticed in the ceiling It comes with a clip that permits it to be mounted to a drop ceiling cross member Single black dipole antenna with an RP TNC connector The antenna provides indoor omnidirectional coverage and is designed for use in the 2400 2500 MHz frequency band It has a 90 foot articulation radius It can be used with all radios that utilize an RP TNC antenna connector Single white dipole antenna with an RP TNC connector The antenna provides indoor omnidirectional coverage and is designed for use in the 2400 2500 MHz frequency band It has a 90 foot articulation radius It can be used with all radios that utilize an RP TNC antenna connector Single gray dipole antenna with an RP TNC connector The antenna provides indoor omnidirectional coverage and is designed for use in the 2400 2500 MHz frequency band It does not articulate as the other dipole antennas It can be used with all radios that utilize an RP TNC antenna connector Ceiling mount indoor antenna with RP TNC connector This antenna was designed for WLAN applications with frequencies of 2400 2500 MHz The antenna is omni directional and has a nominal gain of 5 2 dBi It co
38. ns 2 u m g uy cal j pa k C wSSCS SSSSCSCS SY OOOO mms Me o Wind Rating survival 165 mph T4 a a 24 66 t All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 53 of 61 Reference Guide S O 28 dBi Mast Mount Dish 5 8 GHz AIR ANT58G28SDA N Dimensions and Mounting Specifications Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Mounts to 1 25 2 38 Outside diameter mast not supplied Drain Plug 7 16 hex bolt angle adjustment U bolt Bulk head type N female connector Side View hewona Comestr NM mensions RM T momin SR Sin Mme mensions nan All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 54 of 61 Reference Guide a O 3 0 dBi Omnidirectional AIR ANT2430V R ob dot fae CISCO Elevation Plane Azimuth Plane 3 ft 91 cm 12 1 in x 4 2 in x 1 6 in 80 73 cm x 10 67 cm x 4 06 cm Ceiling Mount All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 55 of 61 Reference Guide ce 4 0 dBi Omnidirectional AIR ANT5140V R Elevation Plane Azimuth Plane 20 25 30 35 Azimuth Plane Azimuth Plane 5 1 5 8 GHz 1 5 1 Nominal 4 0 dBi Linear
39. ntenna An isotropic antenna is a theoretical antenna with a uniform three dimensional radiation pattern similar to a light bulb with no reflector dBi is used to compare the power level of a given antenna to the theoretical isotropic antenna The U S FCC uses dBi in its calculations An isotropic antenna is said to have a power rating of 0 dB for example zero gain loss when compared to itself All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 2 of 61 Reference Guide Unlike isotropic antennas dipole antennas are real antennas dipole antennas are standard on Cisco Aironet access points base stations and workgroup bridges Dipole antennas have a different radiation pattern compared to isotropic antennas The dipole radiation pattern is 360 degrees in the horizontal plane and 75 degrees in the vertical plane assuming the dipole antenna is standing vertically and resembles a donut in shape Because the beam is slightly concentrated dipole antennas have a gain over isotropic antennas of 2 14dB in the horizontal plane Dipole antennas are said to have a gain of 2 14 dBi in comparison to an isotropic antenna Some antennas are rated in comparison to dipole antennas This is denoted by the suffix dBd Hence dipole antennas have a gain of 0 dBd 2 14 dBi Note that the majority of documentation refers to dipole antennas as having a gain of 2 2 dBi The ac
40. o Public Information Page 1 of 61 Reference Guide a Each range has different characteristics The lower frequencies exhibit better range but with limited bandwidth and hence lower data rates The higher frequencies have less range and are subject to greater attenuation from solid objects Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum The Direct Sequence DS Spread Spectrum approach involves encoding redundant information into the RF signal Every data bit is expanded to a string of chips called a chipping sequence or Barker sequence The chipping rate as mandated by the U S FCC is 10 chips at the 1 and 2 Mbps rates and 8 chips at the 11 Mbps rate So at 11 Mbps 8 bits are transmitted for every one bit of data The chipping sequence is transmitted in parallel across the spread spectrum frequency channel Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping FH Spread Spectrum uses a radio that moves or hops from one frequency to another at predetermined times and channels The regulations require that the maximum time spent on any one channel is 400 milliseconds For the 1 and 2 Mb FH systems the hopping pattern must include 75 different channels and must use every channel before reusing any one For the Wide Band Frequency Hopping WBFH systems that permit up to 10 Mb data rates the rules require use of at least 15 channels and they cannot overlap With only 83 MHz of spectrum it limits the systems to 15 channels thus causing scalability iss
41. ough cable to antenna through air or solid obstruction to receiving antenna cable and receiving radio With the exception of solid obstructions most of these figures and factors are known and can be used in the design process to determine whether an RF system such as a WLAN will work All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 9 of 61 Reference Guide Decibels The decibel dB scale is a logarithmic scale used to denote the ratio of one power value to another for example dB 10 logi0 Power A Power B An increase of 3 dB indicates a doubling 2x of power An increase of 6 dB indicates a quadrupling 4x of power Conversely a decrease of 3 dB is a halving 1 2 of power anda decrease of 6 dB is a quarter 1 4 the power Some examples are shown below in Table 1 Table 1 Decibel Values and Corresponding Factors erase Factor Decrease rasor 0 dB 1 x same 1 x same G hiss faes fo Gae a fee o eae es e fo mae o w oo mwa oo wa foo wa soomx wa omar Power Ratings WLAN equipment is usually specified in decibels compared to known values Transmit Power and Receive Sensitivity are specified in dBm where m means 1 milliWatt mW So 0 dBm is equal to 1 mW 3 dBm is equal to 2 mW 6 dBm is equal to 4 mW and so on Table 2 Common mW Values to dBm Values fom mw wm mw amw gem oew enw Seem mw om eem
42. r antenna and coax It also must be installed exactly this way If using a system that includes an amplifier remember that the above rules concerning power are still in effect If the amplifier is 1 2 watt 27 dBm this means in a multipoint system the maximum antenna gain is only 9 dBi and in a point to point system it is only 15 dBi ETSI The European Telecommunication Standardization Institute ETSI has developed standards that have been adopted by many European countries as well as many others Under the ETSI regulations the power output and EIRP regulations are much different than in the U S e Antenna Gain and Power Output The ETSI regulations specify maximum EIRP as 20 dBm Since this includes antenna gain this limits the antennas that can be used with a transmitter To use a larger antenna the transmitter power must be reduced so that the overall gain of the transmitter plus the antenna gain less any losses in coax is equal to or less than 20 dBm This drastically reduces the overall distance an outdoor link can operate e Amplifiers Since the ETSI regulation has such a low EIRP the use of amplifiers is typically not permitted in any ETSI system Frequencies and Channel Sets IEEE 802 11b g Direct Sequence Channels Fourteen channels are defined in the IEEE 802 11b g Direct Sequence DS channel set Each DS channel as transmitted is 22 MHz wide however the channel center separation is only 5 MHz This leads to chann
43. rabolic antenna operates in the UNII 3 band 5725 5825 MHz The antenna is designed to be mounted outdoors on a mast The antenna is designed to be used at the hub or client site of a point to point installation or point to multipoint client sites providing extended range The antenna is not compatible with other Cisco Aironet radio products operating in the 5 GHz frequency band Table 8 Cisco Aironet 1250 Series Access Point Antennas AIR ANT2430V R Omnidirectional Ceiling mount indoor omni directional antenna with three cables terminating in RP TNC connectors For use only with the 1250 Series Access Points For use in the 2400 2500 MHz frequency band The pigtail cables are plenum rated and 36 long each AIR ANT5140V R Omnidirectional Ceiling mount indoor omni directional antenna with three cables terminating in RP TNC connectors Designed for use with the 1250 Series Access Points For use in the 5150 5825 MHz frequency band The plenum rated pigtail cables are 36 long each Table 9 2 4 GHz and 5 GHz Access Point and Bridge Integrated Antennas Integrated AP1120 Omnidirectional Diversity antenna package for 2 4 GHz designed e 2 4 GHz 2 dBi Antenna for high performance in ceiling wall and cubicle mount applications Antennas provide omnidirectional coverage and can not be removed from the Access Point No connectors are offered for additional external antennas Integrated AP1130AG Omnidirectional Diversity antenna pa
44. ring antennas that are permanently attached to the transmitting device Due to this Cisco offers an articulating antenna paddle with omnidirectional and patch antennas on the 802 11a access point radio module to extend the flexibility of deployments For ceiling desktop or other horizontal installations the omnidirectional antenna provides optimal coverage pattern and maximum range For wall mount installations the patch antenna provides a hemispherical coverage pattern that uniformly directs the radio energy from the wall and across the room In omni mode the antenna gain is 5 dBi with a 360 degree radiation pattern in patch mode the gain is 6 dBi with a 180 degree pattern Both the omnidirectional and patch antennas provide diversity for maximum reliability even in high multi path environments like offices Antenna Gain and Power Output FCC regulations specify maximum power output and antenna gain For the UNII3 band where the BR1400 operates the FCC limits the transmitter power to 1 watt or 30dBm and the antenna gain of an omni directional antenna to 6 dBi For directional antennas operating in a point to point system gains of up to 23 dBi are permitted For antennas with gain higher than 23 dBi the transmitter output power must be reduced 1 dB for every 1 dB above 23 dBi the antenna gain increases At 2 4 GHz the maximum transmitter power is also 1 watt Using this maximum power the maximum antenna gain is 6 dBi However the regulat
45. rmation Page 38 of 61 Reference Guide S O 3 5 dBi Dipole AIR ANT5135DG R emn ea o O Oo omes asn e OOS O O woms m O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 39 of 61 Reference Guide 4 5 dBi Diversity Omnidirectional AIR ANT5145V R Dimensions and Mounting Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Specifications Diversity Omnidirectional Dimensions 6 75 in x 4 1 in x 1 in 17 15 cm x 10 41 x 2 54 cm Drop ceiling cross member mount All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 40 of 61 Reference Guide 9 dBi Patch 5 dBi Omnidirectional Integrated Antenna Part of AP1200 5 GHz Radio Module Part Number AIR RM21A 5dBi Omni Mode d 9dBi Patch Mode 5 15 5 35 GHz 1 5 1 Nominal e 9 dBi Patch All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 41 of 61 Reference Guide S O 6 dBi Omnidirectional AIR ANT5160V R Dimensions and Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern Mounting Specifications Mounting _ Clamps Mast fom SOS SSSCSCSCS Dimensions emam OOO OOOO O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Publ
46. served This document is Cisco Public Information Page 8 of 61 Reference Guide a Theory of Operation The Cisco Aironet Lightning Arrestor Figure 5 prevents energy surges from reaching the RF equipment by the shunting effect of the device Surges are limited to less than 50 volts in about 0000001 seconds 100 nano seconds A typical lightning surge is about 000002 2 micro seconds Figure 5 Cisco Aironet Lightning Arrestor a To Antenna Ground Wire Lug Lockwasher Nut To RF Device The accepted IEEE transient surge suppression is 000008 seconds 8 micro seconds The Lightning Arrestor is a 50 ohm transmission line with a gas discharge tube positioned between the center conductor and ground This gas discharge tube changes from an open circuit to a short circuit almost instantaneously in the presence of voltage and energy surges providing a path to ground for the energy surge Installation This arrestor is designed to be installed between your outdoor antenna cable and the Aironet wireless device Installation should be indoors or inside a protected area A good ground must be attached to the arrestor This can be accomplished by use of a ground lug attached to the arrestor and a heavy wire no 6 solid copper connecting the lug to a good earth ground See Figure 6 Understanding RF Power Values Radio frequency RF signals are subject to various losses and gains as they pass from transmitter thr
47. tning and related energy surges at the antenna from reaching the radio circuitry A ground ring is included All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 21 of 61 Reference Guide S O Cisco Aironet Antenna Specifications The following section provides detailed descriptions including physical and electrical specifications for the antennas offered by Cisco for the Cisco Aironet product line 2 0 dBi Ceiling Mount Omnidirectional AIR ANT5959 Dimensions and Mounting Specifications Left Antenna Patterns Right Antenna Pattern 5 3 gt le 2 0 9 Le ry 8 d Ceiling Bracket i shown for reference C a Dimensions amaan oon Somar omeo O momin O eninge mentee OOOO O All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 22 of 61 Reference Guide 2 2 dBi Dipole AIR ANT4941 Dimensions Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern and Mounting Specifications All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 23 of 61 Reference Guide S O 2 2 dBi Dipole AIR ANT2422DW R Dimensions Azimuth Plane Radiation Pattern Elevation Plane Radiation Pattern and Mounting Specifications All contents are Copyright
48. tual figure is 2 14 dBi but is often rounded up Type of Antennas Cisco offers several different styles of antennas for use with both access points and bridges in the 2 4 GHz product line as well as the 5 GHz BR1400 bridge Every antenna offered for sale has been FCC approved Each type of antenna will offer different coverage capabilities As the gain of an antenna increases there is some tradeoff to its coverage area Usually gain antennas offer longer coverage distances but only in a certain direction The radiation patterns below will help to show the coverage areas of the styles of antennas that Cisco offers omnidirectional yagis and patch antennas Omnidirectional Antennas An omnidirectional antenna Figure 1 is designed to provide a 360 degree radiation pattern This type of antenna Is used when coverage in all directions from the antenna is required The standard 2 14 dBi Rubber Duck is one style of omnidirectional antenna Figure 1 Omnidirectional Antenna Directional Antennas Directional antennas come in many different styles and shapes An antenna does not offer any added power to the signal it simply redirects the energy it receives from the transmitter By redirecting this energy it has the effect of providing more energy in one direction and less energy in all other directions As the gain of a directional antenna increases the angle of radiation usually decreases providing a greater coverage distance
49. ues In every case for the same transmitter power and antennas a DS system will have greater range scalability and throughput than an FH system For this reason Cisco has chosen to support only DS systems in the Spread Spectrum products Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM used in 802 11a and 802 11g data transmissions offers greater performance than the older DS systems In the OFDM system each tone is orthogonal to the adjacent tones and therefore does not require the frequency guard band needed for DS This guard band lowers the bandwidth efficiency and wastes up to 50 percent of the available bandwidth Because OFDM is composed of many narrowband tones narrowband interference degrades only a small portion of the signal with little or no effect on the remainder of the frequency components Antenna Properties and Ratings An antenna gives the wireless system three fundamental properties gain direction and polarization Gain is a measure of increase in power Direction is the shape of the transmission pattern A good analogy for an antenna is the reflector in a flashlight The reflector concentrates and intensifies the light beam in a particular direction similar to what a parabolic dish antenna would to a RF source in a radio system Antenna gain ratings are in decibels which is a ratio between two values An antenna rating is typically to the gain of an isotropic or dipole a
50. x eiff war x xfj efa zej x x x x x x x x x x jew x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x ewe x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x peur x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x jewe x x x x x xxj xj jewr x x x x x x x x x x x x xxx x x x x x jew x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x xfx d emo xissi e ws C tT tet Pt tet l Frequency MHz Channel ID 2 N x lt rm N x lt X x lt X x lt ine x lt x lt x lt N O N GE awe All contents are Copyright 1992 2007 Cisco Systems Inc All rights reserved This document is Cisco Public Information Page 15 of 61 Reference Guide a IEEE 802 11a Channels The 802 11a specification today specifies 4 channels for the UNII1 band 4 channels for the UNII band and 4 channels for the UNII3 band These channels are spaced at 20 MHz apart and are considered non interfering however they do have a slight overlap in frequency spectrum It is possible to use adjacent channels in adjacent cell coverage but it is recommended when possible to separate adjacent cell channels by at least 1 channel Figure 10 shows the channel scheme for the 802 11 bands and table 9 lists the North American frequency allocations j j FE In A a fF ok l tice i a rl Pa k i hs a ff IN l M A
51. y in the ISM frequency bands Spread spectrum is currently allowed in the 900 2400 and 5200 MHz bands In 1989 the FCC drafted an amendment governing spread spectrum systems in the unlicensed ISM band This amendment is commonly referred to as the new or 94 rules because it impacts all soread spectrum products manufactured after June 23 1994 Products manufactured before June 23 are not affected by the amendment Congress enacted this amendment into law in 1990 The FCC 1994 rules are intended to discourage use of amplifiers high gain antennas or other means of significantly increasing RF radiation The rules are further intended to discourage home brew systems which are installed by inexperienced users and which either accidentally or intentionally do not comply with FCC regulations for use in the ISM band Both the original rules and the amendments sought to enable multiple RF networks to coexist with minimum impact on one another by exploiting properties of soread spectrum technology Fundamentally the FCC 1994 rules intend to limit RF communications in the ISM band to a well defined region while ensuring multiple systems can operate with minimum impact on one another These two needs are addressed by limiting the type and gain of antennas used with a given system and by requiring a greater degree of RF energy spreading The FCC limits the use of the lower four channels the UNII 1 band of the 5 GHz band requi

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