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LevelOne GEP-0950

1. When the configuration of your Web Smart Switch is finished you can browse it by the IP address you set up For instance type http 192 168 1 1 in the address row in a browser then the following screen would show up and ask for your password input for login and access authentication The default password is admin For the first time access please enter the default password and click lt Apply gt button The login process now would be completed Web Smart Switch supports a simplified user management function which allows only one administrator to configure the switch at one time To optimize the display effect we recommend Microsoft IE and 1024x768 display resolution Please enter password to login Password E 34 4 1 Web Management Home Overview After login System Information would be displayed as below This page lists default values and shows you the basic information of the switch including Switch Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror SNMP and Maximum Packet Length With this information you will know the software version MAC address ports available and so on It would be helpful while malfunction occurred For more details please refer to Section 4 4 1 level one System Information ERI System Configuration Ports VLANs ae VLAN Mode System Description Ee DEPE 1 GE SFP Web LL
2. 100 meters for UTP 412 meters for fiber 316 meters for fiber Ethernet parameters for half duplex mode 488 minFrameSize Me slotTime M 488 FCS Coverage e H late collision threshold slotTime J3 e Duration of Carrier Event e In full duplex operation mode both transmitting and receiving frames are processed simultaneously This doubles the total bandwidth Full duplex is much easier than half duplex because it does not involve media contention collision retransmission schedule padding bits for short frame The rest functions follow the specification of IEEE802 3 For example it must meet the requirement of minimum inter frame gap between successive frames and frame format the same as that in the half duplex operation Because no collision will happen in full duplex operation for sure there is no mechanism to tell all the involved devices What will it be if receiving device is busy and a frame is coming at the same time Can it use backpressure to tell the Source device A function flow control is introduced in the full duplex operation 3 4 Flow Control Flow control is a mechanism to tell the source device stopping sending frame for a specified period of time
3. 16 3 3 Media Access Control MAC 3 3 1 MAC Addressing Because LAN is composed of many nodes for the data exchanged among these nodes each node must have its own unique address to identify who should send the data or should receive the data In OSI model each layer provides its own mean to identify the unique address in some form for example IP address in network layer The MAC is belonged to Data Link Layer Layer 2 the address is defined to be a 48 bit long and locally unique address Since this type of address is applied only to the Ethernet LAN media access control MAC they are referred to as MAC addresses The first three bytes are Organizational Unique Identifier OUI code assigned by IEEE The last three bytes are the serial number assigned by the vendor of the network device All these six bytes are stored in a non volatile memory in the device Their format is as the following table and normally written in the form as aa bb cc dd ee ff a 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens in which the aa bb cc is the OUI code and the dd ee ff is the serial number assigned by manufacturer Bit 47 bit 0 1st byte 2nd byte 3rd byte 4th byte 5th byte eth byte OUI code Serial number The first bit of the first byte in the Destination address DA determines the address to be a Unicast 0 or Multicast frame 1 known as I G bit indicating individual 0 or group 1 So the 48 bit address space
4. Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets received Tx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 65 127 Bytes 70 Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Rx CRC Alignment Number of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received Rx Undersize Number of short frames lt 64 Bytes with valid CRC Rx Oversize Number of long frames according to max_length register with valid CRC Rx Fragments Number of short frames lt 64 bytes with invalid CRC Rx Jabber Number of long frames according tomax_length register with invalid CRC Rx Drops Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer Tx Collisions Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced Tx Drops Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision late collision or frame aging Tx Overflow Number of frames dropped due to the lack of transmitting buffer 4 3 3 IGMP Status Function name IGMP Status Function description Display IGMP status IGMP Status Queries Queries vi v2 v3 v2 transmitted re
5. The classification rule is described as follows 1 If the VID of the packet is null VID VID 0 or this packet is an untagged packet a If there are still some other ways e g protocol MAC address application IP subnet etc to classify the incoming packets beside port based classification in implement and these approaches can offer non zero VID then use the value of VID offered by other classifications for VLAN s classification b If there is only port based classification in implement or other classification approaches cannot offer non zero VID for the incoming packets then assign the PVID to the incoming packets as VID for the classification of the VLAN group 2 If the VID is not a null VID VID40 then use the value to classify the VLAN group Egress Rule An egress list is used to make the tagging and forwarding decision on an outgoing port It specifies the VLANs whose packets can be transmitted out and specifies if the packet should be tagged or not It can be configured for port s VLAN membership and tagged or untagged for a transmitted packet When a packet is transmitted out the VLAN bridge checks the port s egress list If the VLAN of the packet is on the egress list of the port on which the packet transmits out the packet will be transmitted with the priority accordingly If enabled an egress port will transmit out a tagged packet if the port is connected to a 802 1Q compliant device If an egress port is connected to
6. The former indicates the network where the addressed host resides and the latter indicates the individual host in the network which the address of host refers to And the host identifier must be unique in the same LAN Here the term of IP address we used is version 4 known as IPv4 ee Network identifier Host identifier With the classful addressing it divides IP address into three classes class A class B and class C The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is denoted as IP address X for example 192 168 1 0 10 Each class has its address range described below Class A Address is less than 126 255 255 255 There are a total of 126 networks can be defined because the address 0 0 0 0 is reserved for default route and 127 0 0 0 8 is reserved for loopback function Bit 01 78 31 0 Network address Host address Class B IP address range between 128 0 0 0 and 191 255 255 255 Each class B network has a 16 bit network prefix followed 16 bit host address There are 16 384 2 14 16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 2 16 2 hosts per network Bit 012 15 16 31 10 Network address Host address Class C IP address range between 192 0 0 0 and 223 255 255 255 Each class C network has a 24 bit network prefix followed 8 bit host address There are 2 097 152 2
7. 21 24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 2 8 2 hosts per network Bit 012 3 23 24 31 110 Network address Host address Class D and E 10 Class D is a class with first 4 MSB Most significance bit set to 1 1 1 0 and is used for IP Multicast See also RFC 1112 Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set to 1 1 1 1 and is used for IP broadcast According to IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority there are three specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal network We call it Private IP address and list below Class A 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 Class B 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 Class C 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Subnet mask It means the sub division of a class based network or a CIDR block The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the host address in bitwise basis It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and ease to manage IP network For a class B network 128 1 2 3 it may have a subnet mask 255 255 0 0 in default in which the first two bytes is with all 1s This means more than 60 thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network It s too large to manage practically Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network prefix from 16 bits to say 24 bits that s using its third byte to subnet this class B network Now it has a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 in which eac
8. Access with Collision Detect CSMA CD it detects if there is any carrier signal from another network device running over the physical medium when a frame is ready for transmission This is referred to as sensing carrier also Listen If there is signal on the medium the MAC defers the traffic to avoid a transmission collision and waits for a random period of time called backoff time then sends the traffic again After the frame is assembled when transmitting the frame the preamble PRE bytes are inserted and sent first then the next Start of frame Delimiter SFD DA SA and through the data field and FCS field in turn The followings summarize what a MAC does before transmitting a frame 1 MAC will assemble the frame First the preamble and Start of Frame delimiter will be put in the fields of PRE and SFD followed DA SA tag ID if tagged VLAN is applied Ethertype or the value of the data length and payload data field and finally put the FCS data in order into the responded fields Listen if there is any traffic running over the medium If yes wait If the medium is quiet and no longer senses any carrier the MAC waits for a period of time i e inter frame gap time to have the MAC ready with enough time and then start transmitting the frame During the transmission MAC keeps monitoring the status of the medium If no collision happens until the end of the frame it transmits successfully If there is a collision happen
9. Gray Firmware Version v1 13 VLAN Isolation PoE Hardware Version v1 01 Configuration MAC Address 00 40 c7 30 03 35 State Serial Number 033D0B000002 Auto Checking 36 C 96 8 F 34 C 93 2 F dn Active IP Address 192 168 1 1 Aggregation 802 1X Active Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 IGMP Snooping Active Gateway 192 168 1 253 Mirroring DHCP Server 0 0 0 0 Quality of Ir Lease Time Left 0 secs Loop Detection Broadcast Strom Protection SNMP Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Device Name System Contact System Loaction GEP 0950 LevelOne IGMP Status Ping DHCP Enabled Fallback IP Address 192 168 1 1 Warm Restart Factory Default Fallback Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Software Upload Fallback Gateway Configuration File Transfer Management VLAN 00 00 1 Logout j E E r1 E Password eccsce Inactivity Timeout 600 0 60 10000 Secs 4 1 1 The Information of Page Layout On the top part of the information page it shows the front panel of the switch Linked ports will be displayed in green color and linked off ones will be in black For the optional modules the slots with no module will only show covered plates the other slots with installed modules would present modules The images of modules would depend on the ones you insert Vice versa if ports are disconnected they will show just in black On the left side the main menu tree for web is listed in the page Accordin
10. Mode in drop down menu at first Then you can use 802 1p Priority and DSCP Priority functions In this function you can enable disable QoS Mode and set Priority Control such as 802 1p and DSCP The switch only supports Strict Priority High priority queue is always passed first Function name 802 1p QoS Mode Function description This function will affect the priority of VLAN tag Based on priority of VLAN tag it can arrange 0 7 priorities priorities can map to 4 queues of the switch low normal medium high and possess different bandwidth distribution according to your weight setting Parameter description Prioritize Traffic Five Prioritize Traffic values are provided Custom All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority and All High Priority The QoS setting would apply to all ports on the switch if one of the following values is selected All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority or All High Priority Port Number When Custom is selected for Prioritize Traffic you may assign specific Port Number for 802 1p Configuration 802 1p Configuration Each Priority can select any of Queue In Default Priority 0 is mapping to Queue normal Priority 1 is mapping to Queue low Priority 2 is mapping to Queue low Priority 3 is mapping to Queue normal Priority 4 is mapping to Queue medium Priority 5 is mapping to Queue medium Priority 6 is mapping to Queue high and Priority O is mapping to Qu
11. Number of Rx packets classified as high priority Rx Low Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as low priority Rx Broadcast Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet Rx Multicast Show the counting number of the received multicast packet Rx Broad and Multicast Show the counting number of the received broadcast with multicast packet Rx Error Packets Show the counting number of the received error packets Tx Packets The counting number of the packet transmitted TX Octets Total transmitted bytes Tx High Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as high priority Tx Low Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as low priority Tx Broadcast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet Tx Multicast Show the counting number of the transmitted multicast packet Tx Broad and Multicast Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast with multicast packet Tx Error Packets Show the counting number of the received error packets Rx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 1024 Bytes
12. PoE Power Delay and PoE Live Checking The switch is also contains several key network management features designed to manage data traffic more effectively Supports VLANs Port Mirroring IGMP v1 v2 v3 LAN security IEEE 802 1p QoS with 8 priority queues SNMP v2c and more An ideal network solution for workgroups and edge deployments or anyone looking for an affordable and efficient way to expand their network 1 2 Checklist Before you start installing the switch verify that the package contains the following GEP 0950 Power Cord 19 Rackmount Kit Quick Installation Guide CD User Manual Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned items is missing or damaged 1 3 Features GEP 0950 a standalone off the shelf switch provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network Hardware 8 10 100 1000Mbps Auto negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports e 1 100 1000Mbps SFP Fiber port e 512KB on chip frame buffer Jumbo frame support 9KB Programmable classifier for QoS Layer 2 Layer 3 8K MAC address and support VLAN ID 1 4094 IEEE802 1Q in Q nested VLAN support e Full duplex flow control IEEE802 3x and half duplex backpressure Management Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration Supports per port traffic monitoring cou
13. Reset Used when a port exceeds the PoE budget and needs to be reset without having to unplug the cable 50 4 2 8 PoE Status Function name PoE State Function description Display the information about the PoE status PoE Power over Ethernet Status Current mA Priority Port Status PD Class Power W NO PD DETECTED tf 8 ee 3 o o o low ___ NO_PD_DETECTED o0 o tow NO PD btErECTED o o o 5 0 0 0 Low NO PD DETECTED 6 0 0 0 Low NO_ PD_DETECTED z 0 0 0 NO PD DETECTED 0 0 0 NO PD DETECTED 0 0 Parameter description Power Reservation The watts are supplied by the PoE The maximal power that the switch can supply Read Only Port No Port number PD Class Each PD is classified according to a class that defines the maximum power the PD will use The PD Class shows the PDs class Five Classes are defined Class 0 Max power 15 4 W Class 1 Max power 4 0 W Class 2 Max power 7 0 W Class 3 Max power 15 4 W Class 4 Max power 30 0 W Power The Power Used shows how much power the PD currently is using Current Used The Power Used shows how much current the PD currently is using Priority The Priority shows the port s priority configured by the user Port Status The Port Status shows the port s status PoE turned OFF PoE disabled PoE is disabled by user PoE turned OFF Power budget exceeded The to
14. a non 802 1Q device or an end station VLAN bridge must transmit out an untagged packet i e the tag has been stripped off in an egress port Egress rule can be set by per port Independent VLAN Learning IVL It specifies the mode how to learn MAC address For a specified VLAN it will use an independent filtering database FID to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN and decide where to go Shared VLAN Learning SVL It specifies the mode how to learn MAC address In this mode some VLAN or all VLANs use the same filtering database storing the membership information of the VLAN to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN In 9 Port GbE Web Smart Switch you can choose a VID for sharing filtering database in Shared VID field if you wish to use the existed filtering database For a specified VLAN when a MAC address is learned by a switch VLAN will use this formation to make forwarding decision Filtering Database Referred to as FID It can provide the information where the packet will be sent to Filtering database will supply the outgoing port according to the request from forwarding process with VID and DA When a packet is received if it has a non zero VID then FID will offer the associated outgoing ports information to the packet In SVL VLANs use the same Filtering Database In IVL VLANs use different FIDs Any VID can be assigned to the same FID by administrator How does a Tagged VLAN w
15. active gateway DHCP server and Lease time left Set device name DHCP enable fallback IP address fallback subnet mask fallback gateway management VLAN password and inactivity timeout Parameter description System Description The simple description of this switch Firmware Version The firmware version of this switch Hardware Version The hardware version of this switch MAC Address It is the Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch Serial Number The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer Temperature Current temperature of the switch measured by internal sensor Active IP Address Show the active IP address of this switch Active Subnet Mask Show the active subnet mask of this switch Active Gateway Show the active gateway of this switch DHCP Server Show the IP address of the DHCP server Default 0 0 0 0 Lease Time Left Show the lease time left of DHCP client Device Name Set a special name for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character and null are acceptable DHCP Enabled Enable DHCP snooping Just tick the check box M to enable it Default disable Fallback IP Address Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new values Then click lt Apply gt button to update Default 192 168 1 1 Fallback Subnet Mask Subnet mask is made for the purpose to get more network address because any IP device in a network must own it
16. alive Failure Log To display the PD s Ping result and log The error means switch to ping the PD is failure or total means total switch to do ping frequency Failure Action To set up when PD is failure and switch action command The values are Nothing and Reboot Remote PD PD Class The switch ping check PD failure P O E restarts the buffer time of switch The default is 15 seconds The available range is 3 to 255 seconds 4 2 10 PoE Scheduling Function name PoE Scheduling Function description This function allows the user to make a perfect schedule of PoE power supply PoE Scheduling not only makes PoE management easier but also saves more energy PoE Scheduling Schedule on FPotOl w Schedule mode Disable w us 12 3 45 6 718 Mode wee OF Oooo ojo Note The PoE Scheduling well be disabled automatically when the NTP sync time server failure happened Elsetec oi EEEE Copy Scheduling lin is wis a T v y v oil y F v F F v o2 V v v v v vi v o3 v v v vj v vi o4 v v v vj v v v os vi vi v v v v v oc V v y v v v v o7 v V vj
17. designated by target device until the PAUSE time expires This is accomplished by sending a PAUSE frame from target device to source device When the target is not busy and the PAUSE time is expired it will send another PAUSE frame with zero time to wait to source device After the source device receives the PAUSE frame it will again transmit frames immediately PAUSE frame is identical in the form of the MAC frame with a pause time value and with a special destination MAC address 01 80 C2 00 00 01 As per the specification PAUSE operation can not be used to inhibit the transmission of MAC control frame Normally in 10Mbps and 100Mbps Ethernet only symmetric flow control is supported However some switches e g 9 Port GbE Web Smart PoE Switch support not only symmetric but asymmetric flow controls for the special application In Gigabit Ethernet both symmetric flow control and asymmetric flow control are supported Asymmetric flow control only allows transmitting PAUSE frame in one way from one side the other side is not but receipt and discard the flow control information Symmetric flow control allows both two ports to transmit PASUE frames each other simultaneously Inter frame Gap time After the end of a transmission if a network node is ready to transmit data out and if there is no carrier signal on the medium at that time the device will wait for a period of time known as an inter frame gap time to have the medium clear and stabili
18. here We just introduce the first type of management interface Web based UI for the switch is an interface in a highly friendly way Default IP Setting IP 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Managing GEP 0950 through Ethernet Port Before you communicate with the switch you have to finish first the configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch Then follow the procedures listed below 1 Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a qualified UTP Cat 5 cable with RJ 45 connector Note If PC directly connects to the switch you have to setup the same subnet mask between them But subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site 2 Run web browser and follow the menu Please refer to Chapter 4 Please enter password to login Passwora 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment For IP address configuration there are three parameters needed to be filled in They are IP address Subnet Mask Default Gateway and DNS IP address The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication It is classful because it is split into predefined address classes or categories Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bits address Each IP address comprises two parts network identifier address and host identifier address
19. is divided into two portions Unicast and Multicast The second bit is for global unique 0 or locally unique address The former is assigned by the device manufacturer and the later is usually assigned by the administrator In practice global unique addresses are always applied A unicast address is identified with a single network interface With this nature of MAC address a frame transmitted can exactly be received by the target an interface the destination MAC points to A multicast address is identified with a group of network devices or network interfaces In Ethernet a many to many connectivity in the LANs is provided It provides a mean to send a frame to many network devices at a time When all bit of DA is 1s it is a broadcast which means all network device except the sender itself can receive the frame and response 3 3 2 Ethernet Frame Format There are two major forms of Ethernet frame type encapsulation and length encapsulation both of which are categorized as four frame formats 802 3 802 2 SNAP 802 3 802 2 Ethernet Il and Netware 802 3 RAW We will introduce the basic Ethernet frame format defined by the IEEE 802 3 standard required for all MAC implementations It contains seven fields explained below PRE SFD DA SA Type Length Data Pad bit ifany FCS 7 7 6 6 2 46 1500 4 Preamble PRE The PRE is 7 byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros used to tell the rec
20. solution caused by the limitation of hardware performance may not be scalable If the item 2 is the case now you do not have to pay much more extra cost and can keep flexible according to the demand of bandwidth because all equipment are there already And what s more you can avoid worrying about the interoperability issue Applying LACP in your network you will not only gain benefits below to improve the performance of your network but also have these investments usable to future new products 1 Public standardized specification 2 Nointeroperability issue 3 No change to IEEE 802 3 frame format no change in software and management Increased bandwidth and availability Load sharing and redundancy Automatic configuration Rapid configuration and reconfiguration Deterministic behavior Low risk of duplication or mis ordering Support existing IEEE 802 3 MAC Clients Backwards compatibility with aggregation unaware devices OONDOS O There are also some constraints when applying LACP 1 LACP does not support inter switch bandwidth aggregation 2 The ports aggregated must operate in full duplex mode 3 The ports in the same Link Aggregation Group must have the same speed for example all with 100Mbps or all 1000Mbps You cannot aggregate a 1000Mbps and two 100Mbps for a 1 2Gbps trunk port 32 Terminology Link Aggregation It is a method to have multiple physical links with the same media and speed bun
21. vi vj v v os vi v v vi vi vi v o9 V v y v v v v 10 V v vj v v v V uO v v v v v M v 12 v v v v v v v 132 v v v v v v v 14E 7 v v v v v V 15 7 vj v v vj v vj V 16 vj vj v v v v v izl y v v vi v v Vl 18 y v vl v v v v 19 v v v v v vi v 20 v F v vj v vj v al v v v v v v v 22 v v y v v v v 23 v v v v v vi v Parameter description PoE On Logical port which to configure power supply 54 Schedule mode Enable Disable PoE Scheduling Port Local port number Scheduling Click the desired day and time of when to activate PoE is enable blank is disable Note The PoE Scheduling will be disabled automatically when NTP sync time server failure occurs 4 2 11 Aggregation The Aggregation Port Trunking Configuration is used to configure the settings of Link Aggregation You can bundle ports by same speed MAC and full duplex to be a single logical port thus the logical port can aggregate the bandwidth of these ports This means you can apply your current Ethernet equipments to build the bandwidth aggregation For example if three Fast Ethernet ports are aggregated into a logical port then this logical port s bandwidth would be as three times high as a single Fast Ethernet port s Function name Aggregation Configuration Function description Display the current set
22. you are using The switch supports both port based VLAN and tag based VLAN They are different in practical deployment especially in physical location The following diagram shows how it works and what the difference they are Case2a Port based VLAN 1 The same VLAN members could not be in different switches 2 Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other 3 The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups at one switch Case 2b Port based VLAN Port based VLAN Diagram 1 VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2 VLAN3 and VLAN4 members 2 VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN4 members 3 VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1 VLAN2 and VLANA 4 VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN2 members Case3a The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of GEP 0950 In the way of web user is allowed to startup the switch management function Users can use any one of them to monitor and configure the switch 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of GEP 0950 through Ethernet Port There are two ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch s Ethernet port They are Web browser and SNMP manager The user interface for the last one is Management software dependent and does not cover
23. C It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective nodes existed in this sub netted network and is considered a physical network in an autonomous network So it owns a network IP address which may looks like 168 1 2 0 With the subnet mask a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of network If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet a partition to the network must be performed In this case subnet mask must be applied For different network applications the subnet mask may look like 255 255 255 240 This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of 15 nodes in the network Default gateway For the routed packet if the destination is not in the routing table all the traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address known as default router Basically it is a routing policy For assigning an IP address to the switch you just have to check what the IP address of the network will be connected with the switch Use the same network address and append your host address to it 12 Device Name GEP 0950 System Contact System Loaction DHCP Enabled Fallback IP Address 192 168 1 1 Inactivity Timeout 0 60 10000 Secs First IP Address as shown in the figure above enter 192 168 1 1 for instance For sure an IP address such as 192 168 1 x must be set on your PC Second Subnet Mask as shown in the figure above enter 255 255 255 0 Any subnet mask su
24. Configuration Function description This function is used to configure SNMP settings community name trap host and public traps as well as the throttle of SNMP A SNMP manager must pass the authentication by identifying both community names then it can access the MIB information of the target device So both parties must have the same community name Once completing the setting click Apply button the setting takes effect SNMP Configuration SNMP Trap destination 0 0 0 0 SNMP Read Community public SNMP Write Community private SNMP Trap Community public SNMP enabled Trap Configuration System Event 7 Cold Start v warm Start MiLink Down MLink Up Other Event 7 Authentication Failure 66 Parameters description SNMP enable The term SNMP enable here is used for the activation or de activation of SNMP Default is Disable Get Set Trap Community Community name is used as password for authenticating if the requesting network management unit belongs to the same community group If they both don t have the same community name they don t belong to the same group Hence the requesting network management unit can not access the device with different community name via SNMP protocol If they both have the same community name they can talk each other Community name is user definable with a maximum length of 15 characters and is case sensitive There is not allowe
25. Default Yes No 78 4 4 3 Software Upgrade Function name Software Upgrade Function description You can just click Browse button to retrieve the file you want in your system to upgrade your switch Software Upload Fie HESS 4 4 4 Configuration File Transfer Function name Configuration File Transfer Function description You can backup your switch s configuration file into your computer folder in case accident happens In addition uploading backup configuration file into a new or a crashed switch can save much time and avoid mistakes Configuration Upload Fi PHS Configuration Download Download 80
26. LAN Before we discuss VLAN we must understand what LAN is In general a LAN is composed of different physical network segments bridged by switches or bridges which attach to end stations in the same broadcast domain The traffic can reach any station on the same LAN Beyond this domain the traffic cannot go without router s help This also implies that a LAN is limited If you need to communicate with the station outside the LAN a router is needed which always lies on the edge of the LAN For a layer 2 VLAN it assumes it is a logical subset of a physical LAN separated by specific rules such as tag port MAC address and so on In other words they can communicate with each other between separated small physical LANs within a LAN but can not be between any two separated logical LANs Workstation In the figure above all stations are within the same broadcast domain For these stations it is obviously that the traffic is getting congested while adding more stations on it With the more and more users joining the LAN broadcast traffic will rapidly decrease the performance of the network Finally the network may get down 26 Router J M m bU met psssiges Ethernet Switch 4 3 la z Now we apply VLAN technology to configure the system shown as the figure above We can partition the users into the different logical networks which have their own broadcast domain The traffic will not disturo among these l
27. Loop Detection is enabled on this switch port 62 When Port No is chosen and enable port s Loop detection the port can detect loop happens and port will be Locked If Loop did not happen port maintains Unlocked Unlock port When ticking the port port locked will be opened and turned into unlocked If not ticking the port Port maintains locked 4 2 16 Broadcast Strom Protection Function name Broadcast Strom Protection configuration Function description When the broadcast packets received by the switch exceed the threshold configured the port will be blocked for a period of time which can be set After a configured time the switch will detect whether the broadcast packets received on the port still exceed the threshold If the broadcast traffic is still higher than the port will be closed for a period of time again If the broadcast traffic is under the threshold the port will re open and forward the packets normally Broadcast Strom Protection Second Protocol vont state kramia Uniock por Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding 60 NN Ou W N m Forwarding 64 Parameter description Mode Controls whether Broadcast Strom Protection is enabled as a whole Packet Per Second It is a threshold When the broadcast packet t
28. M Aninteger value equal to or greater than 0 Upper bound of M is a function of the medium access control methodology used The table above is the format of LLC PDU It comprises four fields DSAP SSAP Control and Information The DSAP address field identifies the one or more service access points in which the I G bit indicates it is individual or group address If all bit of DSAP is 1s it s a global address The SSAP address field identifies the specific services indicated by C R bit command or response The DSAP and SSAP pair with some reserved values indicates some well known services listed in the table below OxAAAA SNAP OxEOEO Novell IPX OxFOFO NetBios OxFEFE IOS network layer PDU OxFFFF Novell IPX 802 3 RAW packet 0x4242 STP BPDU 0x0606 IP 0x9898 ARP LLC type 1 connectionless service LLC type 2 connection oriented service and LLC type 3 acknowledge connectionless service are three types of LLC frame for all classes of service In the figure above it shows the format of Service Access Point DSAP SSAP lt address field address field LSB of address aa Least significant bit Least significant bit of address fields delivered to received from the MAC sublayer XODDDDDD DSAP address XOSSSSSS SSAP address X1DDDDDD Reserved for ISO definition XISSSSSS Reserved for ISO definition 3 3 SAP Format SAP Please refer to IEEE802 2 for more details
29. T Green Blinks when any traffic is present Lit Green when TP link on 1000Mbps speed SPD Yellow it Yellow when TP link on 10 100Mbps speed Off when no link occur Lit when SFP connection with remote device is good LINK ACT Green Blinks when any traffic is present Green Lit Green when SFP link on 1000Mbps speed SPD em Lit Yellow when SFP link on 100Mbps speed Off when no link occur 2 Installation 2 1 Installing the Switch This section will give users a quick start for Hardware and Cable Installation Management Station Installation Software booting and configuration 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation At the beginning please do first Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power Source Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the Switch Note If you have no modules please skip this section Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis The optional SFP modules are hot swappable so you can plug or unplug it before or after powering on 1 Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis 2 Slide the module along the slot Also be sure that the module is properly seated against the slot socket connector 3 Install the media cable for network connection 4 4 Repeat the above steps as needed for each module to be installed
30. VLAN you built up must be assigned VLAN name and VLAN ID Valid VLAN ID is 1 4094 User can create total up to 9 Tag VLAN groups 4 2 5 VLAN Group Configuration Function name Tag Based VLAN Configuration Tag based VLAN mode Function description The VLAN membership configuration for the selected switch can be monitored and modified here Up to 4096 VLANs are supported This page allows for adding and deleting VLANs as well as adding and deleting port members of each VLAN Tag Based VLAN Configuration Add a VLAN Add VLAN Configuration List 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VLAN Port Configuration Port Config VLAN Per Port Configuration Ingress Filtering Enabled Exi E Port Packet Type PVID Role Untagged VID all Tagged Only All Tagged Only 1 Ass v Era ommon 1 9 9 AN Tagged Only E e 1 homs 7 1 1 EONA 9 Al Tagged Only EER ee NN 1 1 Nim 9 AM Tagged Only pm n8 all Tagged Only 7 ow 9 Al Tagged Only reas de Aces v Sese 44 Parameter description VID VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member In modify function this is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added VLAN Enable means it is a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box M beside the port x to enable i
31. a into frame for transmitting receiving acknowledge frame error checking and re transmitting when not received correctly as well as provides an error free channel upward to network layer 14 Coaxial STP UTP Fiber This above diagram shows the Ethernet architecture LLC sub layer and MAC sub layer which are responded to the Data Link layer and transceivers which are responded to the Physical layer in OSI model In this section we are mainly describing the MAC sub layer 3 2 Logical Link Control LLC Data link layer is composed of both the sub layers of MAC and MAC client Here MAC client may be logical link control or bridge relay entity Logical link control supports the interface between the Ethernet MAC and upper layers in the protocol stack usually Network layer which is nothing to do with the nature of the LAN So it can operate over other different LAN technology such as Token Ring FDDI and so on Likewise for the interface to the MAC layer LLC defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access technology and with some of the nature of the medium itself DSAP SSAP address address Control Information DSAP address Destination service access point address field SSAP address Source service access point address field Control Control field 16 bits for formats that include sequence numbering and 8 bits for formats that do not see 5 2 Information Information field Multiplication
32. al four VLANs in the network we must assign 4 IP blocks to each of them Name VID Network Address Marketing 2 10 1 2 0 24 Service 3 10 1 3 0 24 Sales 4 10 1 4 0 24 Administration 1 10 1 1 0 24 Here we apply the subnet mask 255 255 255 and each VLAN is capable of supporting 254 nodes 3 7 Link Aggregation Basically Link Aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to an assigned logical link This highly increases total bandwidth to the targeted device There is more than one Link Aggregation technology in many vendors switch products already which may cause the problem of interoperability This is the reason why now we have 802 3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP Why 802 3ad LACP Network is varying For example if a port malfunctioned or unplugged accidentally in a static trunk port administrator has to reconfigure it or the network will get trouble Therefore offering a tool with automatic recovery capability is necessary for an administrator LACP is a protocol that allows a switch able to know whether its partner has the capability to co setup a trunk between them Usually if administrator wishes to increase the bandwidth of a specific link he may 1 Buy new network equipment with higher throughput or 2 Aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to a logical link If the item 1 is the case you will pay much more cost beyond your budget and the
33. also cannot be assigned in VLAN management 28 Port VLAN Identifier VLAN identifier of a port It also can be referred to as PVID When an untagged frame or a priority tagged frame is received the frame will be inserted the PVID of that port in the VLAN tag field The frame with VID assigned by a port is called PVID Each port can only be assigned a PVID The default value for PVID is 1 the same as VID Ingress filtering The process to check a received packet and compare its VID to the VLAN membership of the ingress port The ingress filtering can be set by per port When receiving a packet VLAN bridge examines if the VID in the frame s header presents If the VID of the received packet presents the VID of the packet is used And VLAN bridge will check its MAC address table to see if the destination ports are members of the same VLAN If both are members of the tagged VLAN then the packet will be forwarded If the packet is an untagged or a null tag packet the ingress port s PVID is applied to the packet VLAN bridge will then look up the MAC address table and determine to which ports the packet should be forwarded Next it will check to see if the destination ports belong to the same VLAN with that PVID If the destination ports are members of the VLAN used by ingress port the packet will be forwarded Note VID can not be 0 or 4095 Ingress Rule Each packet received by a VLAN aware bridge will be classified to a VLAN
34. aves a group it sends a leave group membership message to multicast routers on the network it show the leaves number 4 3 4 Ping Status Function name Ping Status Function description To set up target IP address for ping function and display ping status Ping Parameters Target IP address Count i iM Time Out in secs 1 M SE Test complete Received repies Request timeouts o Average Response Time in ms o Parameter description Ping Parameters Target IP address Set up a Target IP address to ping Count Use drop down menu to set number of echo requests to send Four type of number can choose there are 1 5 10 and 20 Default 1 Time Out in secs Use drop down menu to set number of echo requests time out in second Four type numbers can choose there are 1 5 10 and 20 Default 1 NOTE All the functions should press Apply button to start up after you set up the parameters Ping Results Target IP address Show the active target IP address 74 Status Show the result of the ping status Received replies Show the received replies number of times Request timeouts Show the timeout of request Average Response times In ms Show the average response time in milliseconds 4 4 Maintenance There are five functions contained in the maintenance function Maintenance Warm Restart Factory Default Software Upgrade Configuratio
35. cator Bit 12 1 RIF field is present in the tag header 0 No RIF field is present VID VLAN Identifier 0x000 Null VID No VID is present and only user Bits 11 0 priority is present 0x001 Default VID OxFFF Reserved Note RIF is used in Token Ring network to provide source routing and comprises two fields Routing Control and Route Descriptor When MAC parses the received frame and finds a reserved special value 0x8100 at the location of the Length Type field of the normal non VLAN frame it will interpret the received frame as a tagged VLAN frame If this happens in a switch the MAC will forward it according to its priority and egress rule to all the ports that is associated with that VID If it happens in a network interface card MAC will deprive of the tag header and process it in the same way as a basic normal frame For a VLAN enabled LAN all involved devices must be equipped with VLAN optional function At operating speeds above 100 Mbps the slotTime employed at slower speeds is inadequate to accommodate network topologies of the desired physical extent Carrier Extension provides a means by which the slotTime can be increased to a sufficient value for the desired topologies without increasing the minFrameSize parameter as this would have deleterious effects Nondata bits referred to as extension bits are appended to frames that are less than slotTime bits in length so that the resulting tra
36. ceived Reports Reports Reports Leaves 2 Idle 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pages 1 Group Address Port Member None of Multicast Group Refresh Parameter description VLAN Id Show VLAN Id for each multicast group Querier Show the group membership queries status Queries transmitted To count the group membership queries transmitted Queries received To count the group membership queries received V1 Reports When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It Calculate the number of times of IGMPV1 report V2 Reports When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It Calculate the number of times of IGMPV2 report V3 Reports 72 When a host receives a group membership query it identifies the groups associated with the query and determines to which groups it belongs The host then sets a timer with a value less than the Max Response Time field in the query for each group to which it belongs It Calculate the number of times of IGMPV3 report V2 Leaves When a host le
37. ch as 255 255 255 x is allowable in this case 3 Basic Concept and Management This chapter will tell you the basic concept of features to manage this switch and how they work 3 1 What s the Ethernet Ethernet originated and was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto CA in 1973 and was successfully commercialized by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC Intel and Xerox DIX in 1980 In 1992 Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high speed Ethernet with the same characteristic of the original Ethernet but operated at 100Mbps called Fast Ethernet now This means Fast Ethernet inherits the same frame format CSMA CD software interface In 1998 Gigabit Ethernet was rolled out and provided 1000Mbps Now 10G s Ethernet is under approving Although these Ethernet have different speed they still use the same basic functions So they are compatible in software and can connect each other almost without limitation The transmission media may be the only problem Application Presentation Upper layer protocols Session Transport Network MAC client IEEE 802 specific Data link Media Access MAC IEEE 802 3 specific Physical Physical PHY Media specific In the figure above we can see that Ethernet locates at the Data Link layer and Physical layer and comprises three portions including logical link control LLC media access control MAC and physical layer The first two comprises Data link layer which performs splitting dat
38. contains VLAN protocol ID and tag control information composed of user priority Canonical Format Indicator CFI and optional VLAN identifier VID Normally the maximal length of a tagged frame is 1522 bytes 802 1Q VLAN tagged Ethernet frame 6 6 2 2 2 DA SA VLAN Protocol Tag Control Length ID Information Type EM ae VLAN Protocol ID ae A 0x8100 User Priority CFI VLAN identifier Tag Format VLAN Protocol ID 8100 is reserved for VLAN tagged frame User Priority 3 bits long User priority is defined to 7 0 0 is the lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 bit long It is used to encapsulate a token ring packet to let it travel across the Ethernet Usually it is set to O VLAN ID 12 bits long 0 means no VLAN ID is present 1 means default VLAN 4095 reserved VLAN tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification without the value of 0 and 4095 and priority information Priority tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying VLAN tag field contains VLAN identification with the value of 0 and priority information Untagged frame An Ethernet frame carries no VLAN tag information VLAN Identifier Also referred to as VID It is used to identify a member whether it belongs to the VLAN group with the VID The assignable number is 1 4094 If VID 0 the tagged frame is a priority packet Both the value of 0 and 4095
39. d to put any blank in the community name string Any printable character is allowable The community name for each function works independently Each function has its own community name Say the community name for Read only works for Read function and can t be applied to other function such as Write and Trap Default SNMP function Disable Default community name for Get public Default community name for Set private Default community name for Trap public System Event The System Event trap enable here is used for the Cold Boot or Warm Boot of system Event Default is Disable TP and Fiber Port Event The TP and Fiber Port Event trap enable here is used for the Link Up or Link Down of system Event Default is Disable 4 3 Monitoring There are four functions contained in the monitoring function Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics IGMP Status and Ping 4 3 1 Statistics Overview Function name Statistics Overview for all ports Function description The section describes to the Port statistics information and provides overview of general traffic statistics for all switch ports Statistics Overview for all ports crear port TxBytes Tx Frames Rx Bytes RxFrames Tx Errors Rx Errors 1 110892973 102405 9753349 81077 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 6059047 53353 108214065 83900 0 0 4 0 0 o 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pa
40. disable Perfect Reach Power Saving Mode This function supports Power Saving and perfect Reach Just select with the Enable Disable Default disable Link Show link status of this port Mode Set the speed and duplex of the port If the media is 1Gbps fiber there are three modes to choose Auto Speed 1000 Full and Disable If the media is TP the Speed Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed mode 10 100 1000Mbps and duplex mode full duplex and half duplex The following table summarized the function the media supports Media type NWay Speed Duplex 1000M TP ON OFF 10 100 1000M ___ Full for all Half for 10 100 1000M Fiber ON OFF 100 1000M Full In Auto Speed mode no default value In Forced mode default value depends on your setting Flow Control You can Just tick the check box M to enable flow control If flow control is set Enable both parties can send PAUSE frame to the transmitting device s if the receiving port is too busy to handle When it is set Disable there will be no flow control in the port It drops the packet if too much to handle Default Disable 42 4 2 4 VLAN Mode Configuration GEP 0950 supports Port based VLAN and Tag based VLAN 802 1q Its VLAN mode supports 9 active VLANs and the available VLAN ID range is from 1 4096 VLAN configuration is used to divide a LAN into smaller ones With proper configuration you can gain not only improved security a
41. dled to be a logical link forming a Link Aggregation Group with a group ID With the viewpoint of MAC client each Link Aggregation Group is an independent link There are three cases of link used in the network which are switch to switch switch to station and station to station Here station may be a host or a router Link Aggregation called port trunking sometimes has two types of link configuration including static port trunk and dynamic port trunk Static Port Trunk When physical links are changed administrator needs to manually configure the switches one by one Dynamic Port Trunk When physical links are changed LACP takes over and automatically reconfigure Administrator does not have to do anything and may see the trap message of LACP changed in NMS Example of Link Aggregation Application 4 Operation of Web based Management This chapter would introduce how to manage your Web Smart Switch and how to configure the 10 100 1000Mbps TP Ports and Gigabit SFP Fiber ports on the switch via web user interfaces GEP 0950 provides 8 fixed Gigabit Ethernet TP ports and 1 Gigabit SPF ports With this facility you can easily access and monitor the status like MIBs port activity and multicast traffic through any ports on the switch The default values of GEP 0950 are listed in the table below IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Password admin
42. e allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character is acceptable 38 Default admin Inactivity Timeout secs Set the auto logout timer The valid value is 0 60 in the unit of minute and a decimal point is not allowed The value 0 means auto logout timer is disabled Default 0 4 2 2 System Time Function name System Time Function description Allows users to sync system time with NTP Server System Time Disable pir Server 0 0 0 0 GMT 8 00 40 4 2 3 Port Configuration Function name Port Configuration Function description Port Configuration is applied for the settings of the ports on the switch By this function you can set or reset the values for Mode and Flow Control Others you could set the power saving mode for switch power consumption Port Configuration Enable Jumbo Frames Jumbo Frame support up to 9600 bytes Power Saving Disable v TP Ports Port Link Mode Flow Control 1 Auto Speed v IF 2 Auto Speed v a 3 Auto Speed 7 4 Auto Speed E 5 Auto Speed 7 6 Auto Speed E 7 Auto Speed 7 8 Auto Speed 7 Fiber Ports n EN auo speed Drop frames after excessive collisions Use in Half Duplex flow control environment Port Configuration Parameter description Enable Jumbo Frames This function support jumbo frames of up to 9600 bytes Just tick the check box M to enable it Default
43. ed the MAC will send the patterned jamming bit to guarantee the collision event propagated to all involved network devices then wait for a random period of time i e back off time When backoff time expires the MAC goes back to the beginning state and attempts to transmit again After a collision happens MAC increases the transmission attempts If the count of the transmission attempt reaches 16 times the frame in MAC s queue will be discarded Ethernet MAC transmits frames in half duplex and full duplex ways In half duplex operation mode the MAC can either transmit or receive frame at a moment but cannot do both jobs at the same time As the transmission of a MAC frame with the half duplex operation exists only in the same collision domain the carrier signal needs to spend time to travel to reach the targeted device For two most distant devices in the same collision domain when one sends the frame first and the second sends the frame in worst case just before the frame from the first device arrives The collision happens and will be detected by the second device immediately Because of the medium delay this corrupted signal needs to spend some time to propagate back to the first device The maximum time to detect a collision is approximately twice the signal propagation time between the two most distant devices This maximum time is traded off by the collision recovery time and the diameter of the LAN In the original 802 3 specif
44. eeeen eene enne nrennnene nenne nein nne 25 3 6 VIRTUAL LAN et eee evens AEN AEA GN EGRE GR DERE GR GIES 26 3 1 EINKAGGREGATION rectos De Dette te e gu Ee ep GNI E ECRIRE 32 4 OPERATION OF WEB BASED MANAGEMENT e eeeeee eene en nettes theta stant 34 4 1 WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW cseeeeeeee eene en enn eene nenne 35 4 2 CONFIGURATION teet itte e een iva conceveateneabobedeavescdnds pea cevesveateneabess 36 4 2 T System Information eii eee eee e e c mE noh 36 4 2 2 System TIME 1 tae et I eee to Leg eri iei i eee E PR EE 40 4 23 Port Configurations eene eterni ite ee ecd etre dps 41 4 2 4 VLAN Mode Configuration eese 43 4 2 5 VLAN Group Configuration essent eere 44 4 2 6 VLAN Port Isolation Configuration esee eene 48 DEVE DT E EE E E EEE 49 4 228 POE MOllS eir re ette swede t ete e e E E cats 51 4 2 0 POE Auto Checking tetti tende eei test e ecd rid pega den 53 422 10 PoE Scheduling us ot et edet hebes 54 4 25 T AogregatiOn cu dede eet eb e e ERE ER e ED D ERE EH ea 56 4 2 1 2AGMP Snooping eee ee iere e e redet 57 4 2 13 Mirroring Configuration essere 58 4 2 14 QoS Quality of Service Configuration eee 59 4 2 13 Loop Detection ie e e ein e e REDE 62 4 2 16 Broadcast Strom Protection sss 64 Z2 IT SNM cedes este tete ede eive ene EN 66 4 3 MONITORING derer EP NOS REN DESEE Gdesteseaiesssscadesacvess
45. eiving node that a frame is coming and to synchronize the physical receiver with the incoming bit stream The preamble pattern is 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 Start of frame delimiter SFD The SFD is one byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros ending with two consecutive 1 bits It immediately follows the preamble and uses the last two consecutive 1s bit to indicate that the next bit is the start of the data packet and the left most bit in the left most byte of the destination address The SFD pattern is 10101011 Destination address DA The DA field is used to identify which network device s should receive the packet It is a unique address Please see the section of MAC addressing Source addresses SA The SA field indicates the source node The SA is always an individual address and the left most bit in the SA field is always 0 Length Type This field indicates either the number of the data bytes contained in the data field of the frame or the Ethernet type of data If the value of first two bytes is less than or equal to 1500 in decimal the number of bytes in the data field is equal to the Length Type value i e this field acts as Length indicator at this moment When this field acts as Length the frame has optional fields for 802 3 802 2 SNAP encapsulation 802 3 802 2 encapsulation and Netware 802 3 RAW encapsulation Each of them has different fields follo
46. esten dagen 68 4 3 1 Statistics Overview hanino aiiin hihnaa i ikier iaaa nih eha tia 68 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics orr iaria teet t tere e e e RU 69 4223 3 GMP latus ise tee e e aa te ie einer ees 72 423 4 Ping AUS c ER Ca 74 4 4 MAINTENANCE secs i4 p der REP REN SRI GR SPERARE NR S Eg tn 76 d 4 I Warm Restart eite er b P Ue ee PRI ER eese EE 77 44 2 Factory Default 5 css ue ed Exp YGED IN e a eai 4 4 3 Software Upgrade scade ar ces cquadonadvedn olgestsstaleesd ook etu reddas 4 4 4 Configuration File Transfer esee Default Settings IP Address 192 168 1 1 Username admin Password admin Caution Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity which can damage their delicate electronics Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to acquire a static electrical charge To protect your device always e Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before you pick up the circuit device e Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only e f you need using outdoor device connect to this device with cable then you need to addition an arrester on the cable between outdoor device and this device RJ 45 Coble Addition an arrester between outdoor device and this switch e The switch supports the SFP Vendor includes Manufacture Agilent Avago and Finisa Electronic Emission Notices Federal Commu
47. eue high QoS Configuration QoS Mode 802 1p v tight i Custom v 802 1p Configuration 802 1p E 802 1p ee ees 802 1p value Priority Priority value an normal v 1 low vii 2 low v normal v v 4 medium v 5 medium 6 high _ 7 high v Function name DSCP QoS Mode Function description In the late 1990s the IETF redefined the meaning of the 8 bit SERVICE TYPE field to accommodate a set of differentiated services DS Under the differentiated services interpretation the first six bits comprise a codepoint which is sometimes abbreviated DSCP and the last two bits are left unused DSCP can form total 64 0 63 kinds of Traffic Class based on the arrangement of 6 bit field in DSCP of the IP packet In the switch user is allowed to set up these 64 kinds of Class that belong to any of queue low normal medium high Parameter description Prioritize Traffic Five Prioritize Traffic values are provided Custom All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority and All High Priority The QoS setting would apply to all ports on the switch if one of the following values is selected All Low Priority All Normal Priority All Medium Priority or All High Priority Port Number When Custom is selected for Prioritize Traffic you may assign specific Port Number for DSCP Configuration DSCP Configuration 64 kinds of priority traffic as mentioned above user can set up a
48. ff time will also be reset where k min n 10 22 Frame Reception In essence the frame reception is the same in both operations of half duplex and full duplex except that full duplex operation uses two buffers to transmit and receive the frame independently The receiving node always listens if there is traffic running over the medium when it is not receiving a frame When a frame destined for the target device comes the receiver of the target device begins receiving the bit stream and looks for the PRE Preamble pattern and Start of Frame Delimiter SFD that indicates the next bit is the starting point of the MAC frame until all bit of the frame is received For a received frame the MAC will check 1 If it is less than one slotTime in length i e short packet and if yes it will be discarded by MAC because by definition the valid frame must be longer than the slotTime If the length of the frame is less than one slotTime it means there may be a collision happened somewhere or an interface malfunctioned in the LAN When detecting the case the MAC drops the packet and goes back to the ready state 2 Ifthe DA of the received frame exactly matches the physical address that the receiving MAC owns or the multicast address designated to recognize If not discards it and the MAC passes the frame to its client and goes back to the ready state 3 Ifthe frame is too long If yes throws it away and reports frame Too Lo
49. g Requirements To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance good please take a care on the cabling requirement Cables with worse specification will render the LAN to work poorly 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports For Fast Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with a maximum length of 100 meters gt Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or Cat 5e with a maximum length of 100 meters Cat 5e is recommended 2 1 2 2 Switch Cascading in Topology Typical Network Topology in Deployment A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing delay between server and client station Basically with this approach it will minimize the number of switches in any one path will lower the possibility of network loop and will improve network efficiency If more than two switches are connected in the same network select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2 Server Host is recommended to connect to the Level 1 switch This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied Case1 All switch ports are in the same local area network Every port can access each other If VLAN is enabled and configured each node in the network that can communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN
50. g to the function name in boldface all functions can be divided into three parts including Configuration Monitoring and Maintenance The functions of each folder are described in its corresponded section respectively As to the function names in normal type are the sub functions When clicking it the function is performed 4 2 Configuration Configuration includes the following functions System Configuration System Time Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration VLAN Isolation PoE Configuration PoE State PoE Auto Checking PoE Scheduling Aggregation 802 1Z IGMP Snooping Mirroring QOS Loop detection Broadcast storm Protection SNMP 4 2 1 System Information System configuration is one of the most important functions Without a proper setting network administrator would not be able to manage the device The switch supports manual IP address setting MAC Address 00 40 c7 30 03 35 033D0B000002 40 C 104 F 37 C 98 6 F 192 168 1 1 Active Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Active Gateway 192 168 1 253 DHCP Server 0 0 0 0 Lease Time Left l 0 secs GEP 0950 EIL Loaction mm Fallback IP Address C 192 168 1 253 36 Function name System Configuration Function description Show system description firmware version hardware version MAC address serial number active IP address active subnet mask
51. h bit of the first three bytes is 1 It s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B network the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and of course the last byte is the host number Not all IP address is available in the sub netted network Two special addresses are reserved They are the addresses with all zero s and all one s host number For example an IP address 128 1 2 128 what IP address reserved will be looked like All Os mean the network itself and all 1s mean IP broadcast Network Subnet All 0s 128 1 2 128 All Is 128 1 2 255 141111111 In this diagram you can see the subnet mask with 25 bit long 255 255 255 128 contains 126 members in the sub netted network Another is that the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask With this you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched The following table shows the result Prefix Length No of IP matched No of Addressable IP 32 1 31 2 a 30 4 2 29 8 6 28 16 14 127 32 30 26 64 62 125 128 126 124 256 254 123 512 510 22 1024 1022 121 2048 2046 20 4096 4094 19 8192 8190 18 16384 16382 n7 32768 32766 16 65536 65534 According to the scheme above a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 will partition a network with the class
52. ication Ethernet operates in half duplex only Under this condition when in 10Mbps LAN it s 2500 meters in 100Mbps LAN it s approximately 200 meters and in 1000Mbps 200 meters According to the theory it should be 20 meters But it s not practical so the LAN diameter is kept by using to increase the minimum frame size with a variable length non data extension bit field which is removed at the receiving MAC The following tables are the frame format suitable for 10M 100M and 1000M Ethernet and some parameter values that shall be applied to all of these three types of Ethernet Actually the practice Gigabit Ethernet chips do not feature this so far They all have their chips supported full duplex mode only as well as all network vendors devices So this criterion should not exist at the present time and in the future The switch s Gigabit module supports only full duplex mode 416 bytes for 1000Base X 520 bytes for 1000Base T 64 bytes Gigabit Ethernet Frame 20 Parameter value LAN Max collision domain DTE to 100 meters DTE Max collision domain with 2500 meters 205 meters 200 meters repeater Slot time 512 bit times 512 bit times 512 bit times Interframe Gap 9 6us 0 96us 0 096us AttemptLimit 16 16 16 BackoffLimit 10 10 10 JamSize 32 bits 32 bits 32 bits MaxFrameSize 1518 1518 1518 MinFrameSize 64 64 64 BurstLimit Not applicable Not applicable 65536 bits 10Base 100Base 1000Base 100 meters for UTP
53. into slot s 5 Have the power ON after the above procedures are done e TP Port and Cable Installation In the switch TP port supports MDI MDI X auto crossover so both types of cable straight through Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 1 2 3 6 in 10 100M TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in Gigabit TP and crossed over Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 3 6 1 2 can be used It means you do not have to tell from them just plug it Use Cat 5 grade RJ 45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the other end is connected to a network aware device such as a workstation or a server Repeat the above steps as needed for each RJ 45 port to be connected to a Gigabit 10 100 1000 TP device Now you can start having the switch in operation Power On The switch supports 100 240 VAC power supply The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power It does not matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on even modules as well After the power is on all LED indicators will light up and then all off except the power LED still keeps on This represents a reset of the system Firmware Loading After resetting the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory It will take about 30 seconds after that the switch will flash all the LED once and automatically performs self test and is in ready state 2 1 2 Cablin
54. level Soe E E A HEN NH One GEP 0950 8 GE PoE Plus 1 GE SFP Web Smart Switch User Manual V1 0 Table of Contents ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES ninie ea EO ro ette p ERO Worried sees IV WARNING settetactissteee noe ede eite mede ee tre ni Re EE IU V 1 INTRODUCTION Pe 1 1 1 PRODUCT OVERVIEW recette tte ii ene eee era te re E eee ene dbeken 1 T2 CHECKLIST kirii paa aa AEA eiae E AA EEE EAEN 1 IT 3 FRATURE So oiiae a a AEAEE EEA EA E A A EAE 1 I 4 CONNECTORS AND LED Siviecccs scents ssssvevncevees trei entra e EEEE R E SE EEEE 3 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs 3 2 INSTALLATION f n 4 2 I INSTAELING THE S WITCH sis eie cei n e Uu He OR e HS 4 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation sse 4 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements eese nre 6 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of GEP 0950 ssssssseee 9 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment seen eene ener nennen trennen 9 3 BASIC CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT eerte ette enne enne tn aetas tease ta seinen 14 3 1 WHAT S THE ETHERNET i drerit rte tint rere Air tin ese tiet Ernie desee annee 14 3 2 LOGICAL LINK CONTROL LLOC sess enne 15 3 3 MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL MAC sss eene eren ener nnne 17 3 4 FLOW CONTROL oh edente e EON PER EERE gn A ER ERE 22 3 5 HOW DOES A SWITCH WORK isseseeseeeeeee
55. n File Transfer Logout 76 4 4 1 Warm Restart Web Smart Switch offers many approaches to reboot your switch such as power up hardware reset and software reset You can press RESET button in the front panel of your switch to reset the device and to retrieve default settings After upgrading software you have to reboot the device to have new configuration take effect The function being discussed here is software reset Function name Warm Restart Function description Reboot the switch Reboot takes the same effect as the RESET button on the front panel of the switch Press lt Yes gt button to confirm warm restart function and it will take around thirty 30 seconds to complete the system boot Warm Restart Are you sure you want to perform a Warm Restart Yes 4 4 2 Factory Default Function name Factory Default Function description Factory Default provides the function to retrieve default settings and replace current configuration Except the IP address setting all settings will be restored to the factory default values when Factory Default function is performed If you want to restore all configurations including the IP address setting to the factory default please press the RESET button on the front panel Note for RESET button You must press the RESET button over 3 seconds to restore the factory default setting Factory Default Are you sure you want to perform a Factory
56. n a layer 2 switch comprises configuring each of the ports on the layer 2 switch as a protected port or a non protected port A destination address on an data packet is matched with a physical address on said layer 2 switch and a forwarding map is generated for the data packet based upon the destination address on the data packet The data packet is then sent to the plurality of ports pursuant to the forwarding map generated based upon whether the ingress port was configured as a protected or non protected port This page is used for enabling or disabling port isolation on ports in a Private VLAN A port member of a VLAN can be isolated to other isolated ports on the same VLAN and Private VLAN Port Isolation Configuration Joo ooo Parameter description Port Members A check box is provided for each port of a private VLAN When checked port isolation is enabled on that port When unchecked port isolation is disabled on that port By default port isolation is disabled on all ports 48 4 2 7 PoE Power Over Ethernet PoE technology allows IP telephones wireless LAN access points and other powered devices PDs to receive power and transfer data over existing LAN cabling Function name Power over Ethernet configuration Function description In PoE Port Management function user can configure the settings about PoE The switch complies with IEEE 802 3at protocol and be capable of detecting automatically that
57. nable mode being selected it will list the VLAN ID number IGMP Snooping Enabled After IGMP Enabled function start up then user can tick the check box EI to enable this function Default enable IGMP Querying Enabled After IGMP Enabled function start up then user can tick the check box EI to enable this function Default enable 4 2 13 Mirroring Configuration Function name Mirror Configuration Function description Mirror Configuration is provided to monitor the traffic in the network This switch supports one port mirror multi ports For example we assume that Port A and Port B are Source Ports and Port C is Mirror Port respectively thus the traffic passing through Port A and Port B will be copied to Port C for monitor purpose Parameter description Source Port Set up the port for being monitored Just tick the check box MI beside the port x and valid port is Port 1 9 Mirror Port Use the drop down menu to select a mirror port Mirroring Configuration OP SIN IA an amp l wl nie Tappi 58 4 2 14 QoS Quality of Service Configuration The switch offers powerful QoS function This function supports VLAN tagged priority that can make precedence of 8 priorities and DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point on Layer 3 of network framework QoS Configuration DoS Disabled Cancel Function name QoS Configuration Function description While setting QoS function please select QoS
58. nd increased performance but also save a lot of VLAN management effort Function name VLAN Mode Setting Function description The VLAN Mode Selection function includes four modes Port based Tag based Metro mode or Disable you can choose one of them by pulling down list and pressing the Downward arrow key Then click Apply button the settings will take affect immediately VLAN Mode LAN Mode Port based Parameter description VLAN Mode Port based Port based VLAN is defined by port Any packet coming in or outgoing from any one port of a port based VLAN will be accepted No filtering criterion applies in port based VLAN The only criterion is the physical port you connect to For example for a port based VLAN named PVLAN 1 contains port members Port 1 amp 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on the port 1 you can communicate with port 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on the port 5 then you cannot talk to them Each port based VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name This switch can support up to maximal 9 port based VLAN groups Tag based Tag based VLAN identifies its member by VID This is quite different from port based VLAN If there are any more rules in ingress filtering list or egress filtering list the packet will be screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be forwarded The switch supports supplement of 802 1q For more details please see the section VLAN in Chapter 3 Each tag based
59. ng 4 Ifthe FCS of the received frame is valid If not for 10M and 100M Ethernet discards the frame For Gigabit Ethernet or higher speed Ethernet MAC has to check one more field i e extra bit field if FCS is invalid If there is any extra bits existed which must meet the specification of IEEE802 3 When both FCS and extra bits are valid the received frame will be accepted otherwise discards the received frame and reports frameCheckError if no extra bits appended or alignmentError if extra bits appended 5 If the length type is valid If not discards the packet and reports lengthError 6 Ifall five procedures above are ok then the MAC treats the frame as good and de assembles the frame What if a VLAN tagging is applied VLAN tagging is a 4 byte long data immediately following the MAC source address When tagged VLAN is applied the Ethernet frame structure will have a little change shown as follows VLAN Tag control Length Only two fields VLAN ID and Tag control information are different in comparison with the basic Ethernet frame The rest fields are the same The first two bytes is VLAN type ID with the value of 0x8100 indicating the received frame is tagged VLAN and the next two bytes are Tag Control Information TCI used to provide user priority and VLAN ID which are explained respectively in the following table Bits 15 13 User Priority 7 0 0 is lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indi
60. nications Commission FCC Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment European Community CE Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of European Emission Standard EN55022 EN61000 3 and the Generic European Immunity Standard EN55024 EMC EN55022 2003 CISPR 2 2002 class A IEC61000 4 2 2001 4K V CD 8KV AD IEC61000 4 3 2002 3V m IEC61000 4 4 2001 1KV power line 0 5KV signal line iv Warning Self demolition on Product is strictly prohibited Damage caused by self demolition will be charged for repairing fees Do not place product at outdoor or sandstorm Before installation please make sure input power supply and product specifications are compatible to each other 1 Introduction 1 1 Product Overview The LevelOne GEP 0950 is an intelligent Web Smart Switch equipped with 8 x 10 100 1000Base T PoE Plus ports and 1 x 100 1000 Mbps dual speed SFP slot It is IEEE802 3af at compliant provides power and data over a single Ethernet cable to any PoE device with total power budget of 130W up to 30W per port and offers advanced PoE Manageability features which includes PoE Status PoE Scheduling
61. nsmission is at least one slotTime in duration Carrier Extension can be performed only if the underlying physical layer is capable of sending and receiving symbols that are readily distinguished from data symbols as is the case in most physical layers that use a block encoding decoding scheme The maximum length of the extension is equal to the quantity slotTime minFrameSize The MAC continues to monitor the medium for collisions while it is transmitting extension bits and it will treat any collision that occurs after the threshold slotTime as a late collision 24 3 5 How does a switch work The switch is a layer 2 Ethernet Switch equipped with 8 Gigabit Ethernet ports and 1 optional module which support Gigabit Ethernet or 100M Ethernet Each port on it is an independent LAN segment and thus has 9 LAN segments and 9 collision domains contrast to the traditional shared Ethernet HUB in which all ports share the same media and use the same collision domain and thus limit the bandwidth utilization With switch s separated collision domain it can extend the LAN diameter farther than the shared HUB does and highly improve the efficiency of the traffic transmission Due to the architecture the switch can provide full duplex operation to double the bandwidth per port and many other features such as VLAN bandwidth aggregation and so on not able to be supported in a shared hub 3 6 Virtual LAN What is a VLAN It is a subset of a
62. nters Supports 802 1Q VLAN Supports user management and limits one user to login Maximal packet length can be up to 9600 bytes for jumbo frame application Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current configuration which is working on via Web UI and Reset button of the switch Supports on line plug unplug SFP modules Supports Quality of Service QoS for real time applications based on the information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 3 Built in web based management instead of using CLI interface providing a more convenient GUI for the user 1 4 Connectors and LEDs 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs There are 8 Gigabit Ethernet PoE ports and 1 SFP fiber ports for optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch LED display area locating on the left side of the panel contains a Power LED which indicates the power status and 8 ports working status of the switch Power Alarm 10 100 1000Base T 100 1G LED LED RJ 45PoE Plus Ports SFP Port Reset RJ 45Port SFPPort button Status LED Status LED LED Indicators LED Color Function System LED POWER Green Lit when 3 3V power is coming up 1 Lit when temperature over 70 C ALARM Red 2 Lit when loop detected when loop detection function is enabled 10 100 1000Ethernet Port 1 to 8 LED Lit when connection with remote device is good LINK AC
63. ny of Queue low normal medium high In default Priority 0 63 are mapping to Queue high 60 QoS Configuration QoS Mode DSCP a Jetset tescec All High Priority DSCP Configuration DSCP alue 0 63 Priority high v ES a com O m a coe E All others ETTTE cancel 4 2 15 Loop Detection Function name Loop Detection Configuration Function description The loop detection is used to detect the presence of traffic When switch receives packet s looping detection frame MAC address the same as oneself from port show Loop detection happens The port will be locked when it received the looping detection frames If you want to resume the locked port please find out the looping path and take off the looping path then select Unlock port and click on Apply to turn on the locked ports Loop Detection Configuration Protocol ES3ECHEE NETZE Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding Forwarding o On DH 5h WN m Forwarding Appt Parameter description Mode Controls whether Loop Detection is enabled as a whole Unlock Time The period in seconds for which a port will be kept disabled in the event of a loop is detected and the port action is to shut down the port State Show the status on the port Protocol Enabled Controls whether
64. ogical networks The users 1x x denotes a d are members of VLAN 1 Any traffic within VLAN 1 does not flow to VLAN 2 and others This helps us configure the network easily according to the criteria needed for example financial accounting R amp D and whatever you think it necessary You can also easily move a user to a different location or join a new user somewhere in the building to VLAN Without VLAN it is very hard to do Basically VLAN can afford offering at least 3 benefits move and change users reduce broadcast traffic and increase performance Security Besides VLAN can highly reduce the traffic congestion and increase total performance because there are no more too many users in the same broadcast domain There are many types of VLAN applied Most popular is port based VLAN tag based VLAN and protocol based VLAN Port based VLAN Some physical ports are configured as members of a VLAN All stations attached on these ports can communicate with each other Tag based VLAN It identifies the membership by VLAN ID no matter where the packet comes from It is also referred to as 802 1Q VLAN Protocol based VLAN It identifies the VLAN membership by layer 3 protocol types for example IPX Appletalk IP etc Other VLAN technologies not mentioned above are MAC based VLAN IP based VLAN and so on Terminology Tagged Frame A frame carrying a tag field following the source MAC address is four bytes long and
65. ork If the ingress filtering is enabled and when a packet is received VLAN bridge will first check if the VID of the packet presents 1 If the packet has a non zero VID VLAN bridge will apply this VID as the VLAN ID of the packet in the network 2 For a packet with null tag or no VLAN tag if VLAN bridge provides rules to decide its VID then apply this VID to the packet If VLAN bridge does not support any rule for VID then apply the PVID of the port to the packet which came from that port VLAN bridge checks to see if the ingress port and the received packet are on the same VLAN If not drops it If yes forwards it to the associated ports Meanwhile this VLAN must be applied to the egress port or the packet will be dropped If ingress filtering is disabled VLAN bridge will only check the MAC address table to see if the destination VLAN exists If VLAN does not exist then drop the packet and if both DA and VLAN do not exist forwards the packet If just knows VLAN existed then floods the packet to all the ports the VLAN covers If we plan to deploy four VLANs in an office and use a switch to partition them we should check which ports belong to which VLAN first Assuming a 9 port switch is applied 30 Name VID Port Members Marketing 2 1 2 Service 3 4 6 7 Sales 4 3 5 Administration 1 8 9 Next assigns IP address to each VLAN Usually we use 10 x x x as internal IP block Because there are tot
66. raffic in a second is higher than the threshold configured the Broadcast Strom Protection enable Unlock Time The period in seconds for which a port will be kept disabled in the event of a loop is detected and the port action is to shut down the port State Show the status on the port Protocol Enabled Controls whether Broadcast Strom Protection is enabled on this switch port Unlock port When ticking the port port locked will be opened and turned into unlocked If not ticking the port Port maintains locked 4 2 17 SNMP Any Network Management System NMS running the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP can manage the Managed devices equipped with SNMP agent provided that the Management Information Base MIB is installed correctly on the managed devices It is a protocol used to govern the transfer of information between SNMP manager and agent and traverses the Object Identity OID of the management Information Base MIB described in the form of SMI syntax SNMP agent is running on the switch to response the request issued by SNMP manager Basically it is passive except issuing the trap information The switch supports a switch to turn on or off the SNMP agent If you set the field SNMP Enable SNMP agent will be started up If the field SNMP is set Disable SNMP agent will be de activated the related Community Name Trap Host IP Address Trap and all MIB counters will be ignored Function name SNMP
67. rameter description Tx Rx Bytes The number of received and transmitted bytes per port Tx Rx Frames The number of received and transmitted frames per port Tx Rx Errors The number of frames received in error and the number of incomplete transmissions per port 68 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics Function name Detailed Statistics Function description Display the detailed counting number of each port s traffic In the figure below the window can show all counter information each port at one time Statistics for Port 1 SE SET Porti Potz Ports Ports Ports ports Portz Ports Porto Receive Total Transmit Total Rx Packets siciolrITC CORNEA 102781 9818106 T NNI 111018228 E xi Tx High Priority Packets IE disk a Rx Low Priority Packets B Tx Low Priority Packets 779 korondast 4655 Cc EN 921 ELE m 4666 Rx Broad and Multicast g Tx Broad and Multicast Rx Error Packets i Tx Error Packets 0 Receive Size Counters Transmit Size Counters 56468 EZS 22028 PRx 65 127 Bytes i 1120207 TS YE Co 5999 Rx 128 255 Bytes P 7729 EAS 9290 4812 PPL eee 1953 2586 EERST 3641 Rx 1024 Bytes B 533 1x 1024 Bytes i 69191 1 Tx Collisions 0 i Tx Drops a o a CE Rx Jabber Rx Drops Parameter description o igo Rx Packets The counting number of the packet received RX Octets Total received bytes Rx High Priority Packets
68. ration Add a VLAN D gt 8 Add VLAN Configuration List 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Porto a ay SSS Select All Apply Parameter description ID Group ID When you want to edit a VLAN group you must select the Group ID field Then you will enter Tag Base VLAN Group Setting or Port Base VLAN Group Setting page which depends on your VLAN mode selection Member In modify function this is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added VLAN Enable means it is a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box M beside the port x to enable it Add Group Create a new port based VLAN or tag based VLAN which depends on the VLAN mode you choose in VLAN mode function Delete Group Just tick the check box M beside the ID then press the Delete button to delete the group 4 2 6 VLAN Port Isolation Configuration Function name Port Isolation Configuration Function description Port Isolation provides for an apparatus and method to isolate ports on layer 2 switches on the same VLAN to restrict traffic flow The apparatus comprises a switch having said plurality of ports each port configured as a protected port or a non protected port An address table memory stores an address table having a destination address and port number pair A forwarding map generator generates a forwarding map which is responsive to a destination address of a data packet The method for isolating ports o
69. s IP address composed of Network address and Host address otherwise can t communicate with other devices each other But unfortunately the network classes A B and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks hence subnet mask is introduced to solve this problem Subnet mask uses some bits from host address and makes an IP address looked Network address Subnet mask number and host address It is shown in the following figure This reduces the total IP number of a network able to support by the amount of 2 power of the bit number of subnet number 24 bit number of subnet number 32 bits Network Hostio Network 1D Subnet number Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value which should be the same value as that of the other devices resided in the same network it attaches For more information please also see the Section 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment in this manual Default 255 255 255 0 Fallback Gateway Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not meet the routing rules predefined in the device If a packet does not meet the criteria for other pre defined path it must be forwarded to a default router on a default path This means any packet with undefined IP address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally Default 192 168 1 254 Management VLAN Show the management VLAN number Password Set a password for this switch Up to 16 characters ar
70. t Port Port number VLAN aware Enabled Discard other VLAN group packets only forward this port joined VLAN group packets Packet Type e Al Forward all tagged and untagged packets e Tagged Only Forward tagged packets only and discard untagged packets Pvid This PVID range will be 1 4094 Before you set a number x as PVID you have to create a Tag based VLAN with VID x For example if port x receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID assume as VID y of port x to tag this packet the packet then will be forwarded as the tagged packet with VID Function name Port Based VLAN Configuration Port based VLAN mode Function description It shows the information of VLAN Groups and allows administrators to maintain them by modifying and deleting each VLAN group User also can add a new VLAN group by inputting a new VLAN name and VLAN ID If you are in port based VLAN it will just show the ID Member of the existed port based VLAN group If you are in tag based VLAN it will show the ID gt VID Member of the existed tag based VLAN group The switch can store the configuration of port based VLAN and tag based VLAN separately When you choose one of VLAN mode the switch will bring you the responded VLAN configuration which keeps the default data You can easily create and delete a VLAN group by pressing Add and Delete function buttons or click the Group ID directly to edit it Port Based VLAN Configu
71. tal requested or used power by the PDs exceeds the maximum power the Power Supply can deliver and port s with the lowest priority is are powered down No PD detected No PD detected for the port PoE turned OFF PD overload The PD has requested or used more power than the port can deliver and is powered down PoE turned OFF PD is off Invalid PD PD detected but is not working correctly Total The sum of the current that every port supplies 52 4 2 9 PoE Auto Checking Function name PoE Auto Checking Function description The function is using for PD auto checking It can allow user to control the PoE function by using the ping command in order to turn on or off any PD which connect with port assign PoE Auto Checking Ping Check Disable Interval Time Retry Time Failure 5 Reboot Time 1 30 3 X 15 error 0 0 0 0 0 total 0 Nothing 2 0000 30 3 CroO Nothing 15 3 0000 30 3 error Nothing 15 4 0000 30 3 tOoI Q Nothing 15 5 0000 30 3 totg Nothing 15 6 0000 30 3 totg Nothing 15 7 0000 30 3 totg Nothing 15 8 0000 30 3 totg Nothing 15 Parameter description Port No Port number Ping IP Address To set up the PD s IP address which you need to check it is alive Interval Time To set up the spacing interval time to do ping check the default value is 30 seconds The available range is 10 to 120 seconds Retry Time To set up the number of times for switch to check PD is
72. up of Aggregation Trunking With this function user is allowed to add a new trunking group or modify the members of an existed trunking group Aggregation Trunking Configuration pug Port 1 A N e u io o o o o o o o e io o o o Jo Jo Jo o e Parameter description Normal Set up the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Group the ports you choose together Up to 8 ports can be selected for each group 56 4 2 12 IGMP Snooping Function name IGMP Snooping Configuration Function description IGMP Snooping lets administrators configure a switch to constrain multicast traffic by listening to Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP After finishing the settings please press lt Apply gt button to start up the function IGMP Configuration Router Ports 1r 20 sh 4F sF 6 7e 8 rsv i00 20 30 O sO eC 70 et Unregistered IPMC AS Flooding enabled v VLAN ID IGMP Snooping Enable IGMP Querying Enable 1 v v Parameter description IGMP Enabled Just tick the check box MI to enable this function Default disable Router Ports Just tick the check box EI beside the port x to enable router ports then press the Apply button to start up Default none Unregistered IGMP Flooding enabled Just tick the check box MI to enable this function Default enable VLAN ID At the IGMP E
73. whether the device linked to the port on the switch is PD Powered Device or not The switch also manage the power supplement based on the Class of the PD and it will stop supplying the power once the power required by the PD excesses the Class Short Circuit or over temperature occurs PoE Power over Ethernet Configuration HERB nu Parameter description PoE Enabled To evoke to e Priority Delay Time _ 0 300 0 Disable 0 Second s E Ss UM Sp Ss UCUBD UM 0 0 Ur EE o DREHEREEEDR o TE Ee Enn nable which port supply the power to the PD Three options are offered for the user to choose including Normal Low and High Default is Normal The switch will stop supplying the power to the port based on the order of the priority Low gt Normal gt High in case total power required by all PDs linked to the switch excesses the power limit As the ports have the same priority then the switch will cease the power supplement from the port with the highest port id 8 1 Detection Choose to use 4 Point or Legacy PoE input Ou user can select Both Delay Time The Delay time is using for set the time period for PD PoE enable time delay period It is a solution to avoid rush current to cause shorter PD The available time period is from 0 to 300 seconds and 0 means disable the function
74. wing the Length field f the Length Type value is greater than 1500 it means the Length Type acts as Type Different type value means the frames with different protocols running over Ethernet being sent or received For example 0x0800 IP datagram 0x0806 ARP 0x0835 RARP 0x8137 IPX datagram Ox86DD IPv6 Data Less than or equal to 1500 bytes and greater or equal to 46 bytes If data is less than 46 bytes the MAC will automatically extend the padding bits and have the payload be equal to 46 bytes The length of data field must equal the value of the Length field when the Length Type acts as Length Frame check sequence FCS This field contains a 32 bit cyclic redundancy check CRC value and is a check sum computed with DA SA through the end of the data field with the following polynomial 18 gt 6 Y 3 G x x2 4 x 6 4 x38 4 x22 4 x16 4 x12 4 x1 4 XH It is created by the sending MAC and recalculated by the receiving MAC to check if the packet is damaged or not How does a MAC work The MAC sub layer has two primary jobs to do 1 Receiving and transmitting data When receiving data it parses frame to detect error when transmitting data it performs frame assembly 2 Performing Media access control It prepares the initiation jobs for a frame transmission and makes recovery from transmission failure Me xBex xo x ex exl Frame transmission As Ethernet adopted Carrier Sense Multiple
75. zed as well as to have the jobs ready such as adjusting buffer counter updating counter and so on in the receiver site Once the inter frame gap time expires after the de assertion of carrier sense the MAC transmits data In IEEE802 3 specification this is 96 bit time or more Collision Collision happens only in half duplex operation When two or more network nodes transmit frames at approximately the same time a collision always occurs and interferes with each other This results the carrier signal distorted and un discriminated MAC can afford detecting through the physical layer the distortion of the carrier signal When a collision is detected during a frame transmission the transmission will not stop immediately but instead continues transmitting until the rest bits specified by jamSize are completely transmitted This guarantees the duration of collision is enough to have all involved devices able to detect the collision This is referred to as Jamming After jamming pattern is sent MAC stops transmitting the rest data queued in the buffer and waits for a random period of time known as backoff time with the following formula When backoff time expires the device goes back to the state of attempting to transmit frame The backoff time is determined by the formula below When the times of collision is increased the backoff time is getting long until the collision times excess 16 If this happens the frame will be discarded and backo

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