Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3.2 Point-in
Contents
1. Choose as the master volumes the volumes where the production data files control files redo logs and archived logs reside Create the shadow volumes of the same size of the master volumes Create the bitmap volume for each point in time copy software volume pair Assuming the database is running ensure the following m The shadow volumes are not mounted m The volumes are in logging mode under etc v stab control Shut down the database SQL gt shutdown normal If UFS is used then lock the file systems for these volumes For example lockfs f w master_volume_mount point Issue the command to enable the point in time copy volume set which takes the snapshot m Independent mode iiadm e ind master_vol shadow_vol bitmap_vol m Dependent mode iiadm e dep master_vol shadow_vol bitmap_vol Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 25 8 When the prompt returns unlock the file systems For example lockfs u master_volume_mount point 9 Check the status of the snapshot by issuing the iiadm i all command copy in progress message is similar to the following dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs m master volume dev vx rdsk sifydg dbs 125 shadow volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs bm bitmap volume Independent Copy copy in progress copying master to shadow Percent of bitmap set 1002. dual ported disk drive Once the copy is completed The shadow volume is available immediately as a snapshot copy e Do not split the volume pair or disable the point in time copy software e Use the shadow volume for backup purposes Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 27 v To Update the Shadow Volume 1 Unmount the shadow volumes if UFS is used umount shadow_vol 2 Update the shadow volume iiadm u s shadow_vol 3 Check the status of the snapshot by issuing the iiadm i all command v To Restore Data from The Shadow Volume to the Master Volume 1 Unmount the master volumes if UFS is used umount master_vol_mount point 2 Issue the reverse update command to restore data from shadow to master iiadm c m shadow_vol Note Use a complete copy c or update copy u command 3 Check the status of the snapshot by issuing the iiadm i all command 4 When the update is complete check the file system and mount the volumes fsck master_vol mount master_vol_mount point 5 Bring the database to the mounted state from the SOL Plus prompt SQL gt startup mount initsid ora 28 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle 6 If the datafile locations are the same as the original database perform these steps a Recover the databa
3. 1 From the SQL Plus prompt take the tablespaces offline Do the following for the tablespaces that need to be restored and recovered SQL gt alter tablespace tablespacename offline Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 23 2 Unmount the volumes if the filesystem is being used umount mount_point 3 Reverse sync only those volumes that contain the required datafiles Repeat the following for the datafiles for all tablespaces refer vSdatafile v tablespace iiadm c m shadow _vol_to_be _ restored Note Use a complete copy c or update copy u command 4 Check the status of the snapshot operation iiadm i shadow_vol_to_be_restored 5 Once the update is complete check and mount the filesystem fsck master_vol mount master_vol_mount_point 6 Recover the tablespaces from the SOL Plus prompt and repeat this command for each tablespacename SQL gt recover automatic tablespace tablespacename 7 Bring the tablespace online from the SQL Plus prompt and repeat this command for each tablespacename SQL gt alter tablespace tablespacename online 24 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Performing a Cold Backup Procedure These are the general steps to perform a cold backup procedure To Perform a Cold Backup Procedure
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5. Shadow Volume Set 4 Compact Dependent Shadow Volume Set 5 Compact Dependent Shadow Volume Set With an Attached Overflow Volume 5 Point in Time Copy Software Features 6 Exporting Shadow Volumes 6 Multiple Shadow Volumes 7 Configuration and Installation 9 System Requirements 10 Point in Time Copy Software Requirements 10 Oracle Software Requirements 10 Installing Oracle 11 v Tolnstall Oracle 11 Oracle Installation Notes 12 Contents iii Installing the Point in Time Copy Software 13 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 15 Considerations 17 Performing a Hot Backup Procedure 18 v To Perform a Hot Backup Procedure 18 Using the Shadow Volume Resulting from a Hot Backup 21 v To Update the Shadow Volume 22 v To Restore Full Database From the Shadow Volume to the Master Volume 22 v To Restore and Recover Selective Datafiles 23 Performing a Cold Backup Procedure 25 v To Perform a Cold Backup Procedure 25 Using the Shadow Volume Resulting from a Cold Backup 27 v To Update the Shadow Volume 28 v To Restore Data from The Shadow Volume to the Master Volume 28 Launching the Shadow on a Different Host 30 v To Launch Another Instance on a Secondary Host 30 v To Switch Back to the Primary Host 32 4 Methodologies 33 Application Requirements 34 Volume and Bitmap Requirements 35 Other Requirements and Suggestions 36 Business Solutions Using the Point in Time Copy Software 37 General Operational Issues 37 Re
6. are composed of one or more shadow volume sets you can issue commands to the I O volume group and have the commands executed on all included shadow volume sets at once In this way you can cause multiple snapshots of many shadow volume sets to have the same time stamp Most point in time copy software commands function as group commands Chapter1 Overview 3 Shadow Volume Set Types The point in time copy software enables you to create shadow volume sets in several configurations each of which has its own advantages a Independent shadow volume set m Dependent shadow volume set m Compact dependent shadow volume set Compact dependent shadow volume group with attached overflow volume Independent Shadow Volume Set You create with the enable command an independent shadow volume set whenever you want to have a full copy of the data You might want the shadow volume to stand alone as a backup you might want reads of the shadow volume not to affect transactions at the master volume or you might want to export the shadow volume to another host entirely Enable an independent shadow volume set in any situation in which you require a full independent copy of the data that is referenced to a point in time An independent shadow volume requires the same amount of disk space as the master volume When you enable an independent shadow volume set a full copy of the data is started from master volume to shadow volume Even though the copy
7. can subsequently be rejoined to its original master volume using bitmap data that the importing host is required to maintain By exporting a shadow volume so that another host can import it you can switch the processing of Oracle data from the first host to the other host Now you can perform maintenance of the master volume s host or simply let the workload pass to another machine Either way the Oracle database users see little disruption in their service Later when the master volume and the shadow volume are rejoined the bitmap data from the importing host is used to update the master volume Another reason to export a shadow volume might be that the analysis you want to perform would present too big an I O load to the shadow volume s original host By exporting it to another host you can perform the analysis on the data contained in the shadow volume without presenting any I O load to the first host The master volume can continue to process Oracle database transactions and maintain a record of those changes in its bitmap for later updating of the shadow volume The Oracle users see no disruption 6 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Databases December Multiple Shadow Volumes With the point in time copy software you can create any number of shadow volume sets of any type using the same master volume This means that a master volume can have multiple shadow volumes Each
8. is not completed the master and shadow volumes are available but the shadow is treated as a dependent shadow volume until the copy is complete Once the copy is complete you can disassociate the volumes in an independent shadow volume set with the disable command Disabling releases the shadow volume from its master volume so you can use it as a complete independent copy of the data Dependent Shadow Volume Set A dependent shadow volume depends on the master volume to service read requests for data that has not changed at the master Because of this a dependent shadow volume must remain enabled with its master volume When data at the master volume changes the old data is written to the dependent shadow volume before the new data is written to the master volume When a read request is received for this older data data related to a point in time the request is serviced from the shadow volume 4 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Databases December Enable a dependent shadow volume set when a You want to have a snapshot of the data m There is no problem with using primary host resources to service read requests m The master volume and the shadow volume can remain in an enabled shadow volume set Compact Dependent Shadow Volume Set A compact dependent shadow volume set is a dependent shadow volume set that has less storage space allotted to its shadow volume than to its mas
9. logo AnswerBook2 docs sun com Sun StorEdge Sun Enterprise and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the U S and in other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International Inc in the U S and in other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems Inc The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc for its users and licensees Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry Sun holds a non exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface which license also covers Sun s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun s written license agreements U S Government Rights Commercial use Government users are subject to the Sun Microsystems Inc standard license agreement and applicable provisions of the FAR and its supplements DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID Copyright 2003 Sun Microsystems Inc 4150 Network Circle
10. master volumes if UFS is used umount master_vol_mount point Issue the reverse update command to restore data from shadow to master iiadm c m shadow_vol Note Use a complete copy c or update copy u command Check the status of the snapshot by issuing the iiadm i all command When the update is complete check the file system and mount the volumes fsck master_vol mount master_vol_mount point Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle 6 Bring the database to the mounted state from the SQL Plus prompt SQL gt startup mount initsid ora 7 If the datafile locations are the same as the original database perform these steps a Recover the database SQL gt recover automatic database b When recovery is complete open the database as follows SQL gt alter database open resetlogs 8 If the datafile locations are different from the original database perform these steps a Rename the datafiles in the new location not the original database SQL gt alter database rename file original_file_name to new_file_name b Recover the database SQL gt recover automatic database c When the recovery is complete open the database as follows SQL gt alter database open resetlogs v To Restore and Recover Selective Datafiles
11. run point in time copy software commands atomically against a group thus affecting all shadow volume sets in the I O volume group at the same time You can specify a shadow volume set as independent when you enable it The point in time copy software performs a full volume copy from master volume to shadow volume The independent shadow volume is a copy that can stand alone even if the shadow volume set is disabled After disabling a dependent shadow volume set the point in time copy software clears the first 128 Kbytes of data in the volume to prevent users from accessing invalid or inconsistent data The volume containing the original data that is copied to the shadow volume You can enable any number of shadow volume sets with the same volume as the master volume which gives that master volume multiple shadows You can attach any number of compact dependent shadow volumes to an overflow volume that will accept writes when the shadow volume is full rather than having the compact dependent shadow volume taken offline which invalidates the shadow volume s data A copy or image of volume data captured or copied at and referenced to a particular point in time by the point in time copy software Also called a snapshot See fast resynchronization The term shadow copy is a synonym for point in time copy or snapshot The volume containing a copy of data from the master volume The master volume and its associated shadow and bitmap vo
12. time copy software is to be installed The Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software is supported on server hosts using the Solaris Operating Environment Hosts include but are not limited to e Sun Enterprise Server models 2X0 through 4x0 e Sun Enterprise Server models 3X00 through 10000 Disk space e The point in time copy software requires approximately 1 Mbyte e Supporting packages require approximately 5 Mbytes If you plan to export shadow volumes you must store the shadow volume on a dual ported drive Software Solaris 8 and Solaris 9u3 and later Operating Environment or a subsequent compatible version Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Software CD Oracle Software Requirements Hardware Approximately 2 Gbytes of disk space for Oracle server software binaries only Software Oracle 8 and 8i 10 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Installing Oracle The following information is provided as a reference to install the Oracle binaries See the Oracle Installation Guide for installation details To Prepare for Oracle Installation You must perform the following steps before you install the Oracle binaries Add the following entries to the etc system file by using a text editor set shmsys shminfo shmmax 4294967295 set shmsys shminfo shmmin 1 set shmsys shminfo shmmni 100 set shmsys shminfo shmseg 10 set semsys seminfo semmns 200
13. to use the point in time copy software Examples of operations issues include deciding when and how often the snapshots will occur and how to notify the secondary application when the snapshot is available In most cases before establishing a snapshot your data must be consistent and usable This consistent condition ensures that the snapshot image is logically consistent that is you have not captured any incomplete transactions Reducing Backup Windows Backups are critical to information protection In today s fast paced business environments backup windows are shrinking while the amount of information requiring protection is rapidly expanding Backing up snapshot images rather than online data enables critical online transactions to keep running during the backup process The general steps for performing online backups are as follows a Ensure that the data has reached a point of consistency flush all data to the disk m Create a snapshot image of the data a Use a backup utility to back up the snapshot image Operationally the snapshot copy backup procedures can be automated through various backup utilities Using automated scripts to invoke the point in time copy application these utilities are able to first take a snapshot copy of the online data and then back up the snapshot once it is available Chapter 4 Methodologies 37 38 Analyzing Up to date Information Businesses are constantly looking for ways to gain a competi
14. E 4 1 Different Methods of Creating Remote Point In Time Copies Chapter 4 Methodologies 43 References Related publications include m Guidelines for Using Snapshot Storage Systems for Oracle Databases m Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Software Point in Time Copy Software Administrator and Operator Guide m Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Remote Mirror Software with Oracle Databases m Test Results for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Remote Mirror Software with Oracle Databases 44 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Glossary bitmap volume cold backup mode compact dependent shadow volume dependent shadow volume set disable enable export fast resynchronization The volume that tracks data changes on the shadow and master volumes In cold backup mode you take the Oracle database that you are backing up offline at least until the backup is complete A shadow volume that is smaller than its associated master volume but large enough to accept the expected number of writes You can specify a shadow volume set as dependent when you enable it The point in time copy software does not perform a full volume copy data is not duplicated to the shadow volume until it is changed on the master volume The dependent shadow volume is a copy that relies on the master for all unmodified data blocks This point in time copy softwar
15. Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software The remote mirror software helps enable remote shadowing almost anywhere in the world This Usage Guide discusses all of these features with regard to Oracle database software Oracle Storage Compatibility Program Oracle provides a suite of tests under the Oracle Storage Compatibility Program OSCP that are used to validate the compatibility of point in time copy software solutions with Oracle databases These tests were performed in various scenarios with the Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software point in time copy software This document provides guidelines for using this point in time copy software with Oracle databases to perform the OSCP test suite Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Databases December Volume Groups A point in time copy shadow volume set includes a master volume a shadow volume a bitmap volume and an optional overflow volume The exact relationship between the master volume and the shadow volume is dictated by the type of shadow volume set that you enable In all cases the shadow volume provides access to data within the master volume that is referenced to a particular point in time the time at which you issued the enable update or copy command to the shadow volume set You can collect shadow volume sets of all types into named I O volume groups After you have created these I O volume groups which
16. adow_vol and bitmap2 30 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle 10 11 12 13 14 15 On the Secondary Host If VxVM or SDS SLVM import shadow_vol and bitmap2 Import the shadow volume iiadm I shadow_vol bitmap2 Mount the shadow volume mount shadow_vol mount_point Bring the database to the mounted state from the SOL Plus prompt SQL gt startup mount initsid ora If the datafile locations are the same as the original database perform these steps a Recover the database SQL gt recover automatic database b When recovery is complete open the database as follows SQL gt alter database open resetlogs If the datafile locations are different from the original database perform these steps a Rename the datafiles in the new location not the original database SQL gt alter database rename file original_file_name to new_file_name b Recover the database SQL gt recover automatic database Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 31 c When the recovery is complete open the database as follows SQL gt alter database open resetlogs v To Switch Back to the Primary Host On the Secondary Host 1 Stop the application using the shadow volume 2 Unmount the shadow volume umount mount_po
17. ake an independent snapshot of the complete database at the local host m Use the remote mirror software to replicate the snapshot to the remote host m Use the database at the remote host to launch a second instance or for performing backup procedures See the Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Remote Mirror Software with Oracle Databases and the Test Results for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Remote Mirror Software with Oracle Databases for details 42 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle LOCAL REMOTE Oracle instance on local host remote mirror Replicated copy at the remote site using remote mirroy t Database files on local storage Dependent copy copy on write on local storage Independent copy snapshot of mirror on local storage remote mirror Dependent copy copy on write on local storage Independent copy snapshot of mirror on local storage export Second instance on remote host backup Second instance on remote host backup Copy of snapshot at the remote site Data replicated using remote mirror Second instance on remote host backup Shadow imported by second local host l l remote mirror Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software remote mirror software export shadow exported so second host can import it FIGUR
18. are in logging mode under etc v stab control 5 Perform the following steps from the SQL Plus prompt a Place all the tablespaces in hot backup mode refer vStablespaces SQL gt alter tablespace tablespacename begin backup b Take a SQL copy of the control file SQL gt alter database backup controlfile to filename c Archive the latest redo logs refer v logfile v log SQL gt alter system switch logfile 18 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle 6 Freeze the I O for the master volumes If UFS is used then lock the file systems for these volumes For example lockfs af lockfs f w master_volume_mount point If you are using either VxFS use the following commands sync SQL gt alter system suspend If you are using raw volumes or slices use the following command SQL gt alter system suspend 7 Issue the command to enable the point in time copy volume set which takes the snapshot m Independent mode iiadm e ind master_vol shadow_vol bitmap_vol m Dependent mode iiadm e dep master_vol shadow_vol bitmap_vol 8 When the prompt returns unlock the file systems If you are using UFS issue the following command lockfs u master_volume_mount point If you are using either VxFS or raw volumes or slices use the following
19. c aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilis es sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques d pos es de SPARC International Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Les produits protant les marques SPARC sont bas s sur une architecture d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc L interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun a t d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc pour ses utilisateurs et licenci s Sun reconna t les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le d veloppement du concept des interfaces d utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l industrie de l informatique Sun d tient une license non exclusive de Xerox sur l interface d utilisation graphique Xerox cette licence couvrant galement les licenci es de Sun qui mettent en place l interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licences crites de Sun LA DOCUMENTATION EST FOURNIE EN L TAT ET TOUTES AUTRES CONDITIONS DECLARATIONS ET GARANTIES EXPRESSES OU TACITES SONT FORMELLEMENT EXCLUES DANS LA MESURE AUTORISEE PAR LA LOI APPLICABLE Y COMPRIS NOTAMMENT TOUTE GARANTIE IMPLICITE RELATIVE A LA QUALITE MARCHANDE A L APTITUDE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU A L ABSENCE DE CONTREFA ON Lo Li Ca Adobe PostScript Contents Overview 1 Oracle Storage Compatibility Program 2 Volume Groups 3 Shadow Volume Set Types 4 Independent Shadow Volume Set 4 Dependent
20. command SQL gt alter system resume Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 19 9 From the SOL Plus prompt issue the following commands for all tablespaces to end the hot backup mode refer vStablespace SQL gt alter tablespace tablespacename end backup 10 Check the status of the snapshot by issuing the iiadm i all command A copy in progress message is similar to the following dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs m master volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs s shadow volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs bm bitmap volume Independent Copy copy in progress copying master to shadow Percent of bitmap set 100 a An independent copy completed message is similar to the following dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs m master volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs s shadow volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs bm bitmap volume Independent Copy Percent of bitmap set 0 a A dependent copy in completed message is similar to the following dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs m master volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs s shadow volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs bm bitmap volume Dependent Copy Percent of bitmap set 0 20 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Using the Shadow Volume Resulting from a Hot Backup TABLE 3 1 shows how you can use the shadow volume TABLE 3 1 Usin
21. compact dependent shadow volume sets to overflow volumes Chapter1 Overview 5 Point in Time Copy Software Features Regardless of the type of shadow volume set that you choose to enable your goal is to have a master volume that is an Oracle database volume a shadow volume that provides access to this master data referenced to a chosen point in time and a bitmap volume that the point in time copy software uses to perform quick updates In addition if you enabled compact dependent shadow volume sets you should have overflow volumes attached to these sets to prevent your data from becoming inconsistent if you experience an unexpected volume of data writes You can now perform the following basic tasks m Update the shadow volume from the master volume new snapshot m Update the master volume from the shadow volume possibly disaster recovery m Access current data from the master volume a Access snapshot data from the shadow volume analysis In addition to the baseline point in time copy software capabilities there are a number of other related capabilities that extend and expand the usage of the Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software point in time copy software Exporting Shadow Volumes You can export an independent shadow volume if it is located physically on a dual ported disk drive If a shadow is exported from its shadow volume group it can be imported by another networked host and used for any purpose The shadow volume
22. der snapshot image Copy from tape to snapshot image volumes and then fully resynchronize the master to the snapshot image Chapter 4 Methodologies 39 Protecting Against Disasters Remote mirroring technology such as Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software remote mirror software that replicates data between physically separated systems is used to protect data if a disaster occurs Refer to the Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Remote Mirror Software with Oracle Databases for details Snapshot copy and remote mirroring technologies can be coupled to provide advanced business continuance solutions Combining these two technologies allows one or both of the following a A point in time copy snapshot of data to be remotely mirrored a A point in time copy snapshot of a remote mirror to be established Consider a business that requires data to be backed up at a secondary site You can accomplish this task in at least two ways The first way described minimizes both the overhead on the primary application and the intersite link traffic The second way can be used for secondary site set up as a disaster recovery site Method 1 m Create a snapshot image of the primary data a Forward the entire snapshot to the secondary site or just forward the changes from the last snapshot to the secondary site m Back up the remotely mirrored data at the secondary site Method 2 m Actively forward all primary write traffic to the remot
23. ducing Backup Windows 37 Analyzing Up to date Information 38 iv Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle New Application Development and Testing 39 Restoring from Snapshot Copies 39 Protecting Against Disasters 40 Method 1 40 Method 2 40 Host Based Versus Subsystem Based Solutions 41 Suggested Methodologies Using the Remote Mirror Software 42 Method 1 Using the Remote Mirror Software 42 Method 2 Using the Remote Mirror Software 42 References 44 Glossary 45 Contents v vi Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle CHAPTER 1 Overview Chapter contents a Volume Groups on page 3 m Shadow Volume Set Types on page 4 m Point in Time Copy Software Features on page 6 Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software point in time copy software is a point in time copy snapshot utility that can be used with Oracle 8 to create database copies that are available for use almost immediately For example if you are required to provide a copy of daily transactions for accounting purposes you need only create a snapshot of the data with the point in time copy software This snapshot is available almost instantly for accounting purposes is related to an exact point in time close of business for instance even though Oracle transactions continue and is available with little or no impact on ongoing database operati
24. e CLI command breaks the relationship between the volumes in a shadow volume set Disabling an independent shadow volume set results in two usable copies of the data Disabling a dependent shadow volume set causes the shadow volume to be marked invalid This point in time copy software CLI command creates the relationship between the volumes in a shadow volume set You can enable either an independent shadow volume set or a dependent shadow volume set The shadow volume of an independent shadow volume set can be exported if it resides on a dual ported device When a shadow volume is exported it retains its relationship with its original shadow volume group but can be imported by another host on the network The point in time copy software copies all segments flagged as different between the master and shadow volumes depending on which volume is being updated It does not copy all volume data only changed data It is quicker than a full volume copy 45 hot backup mode T O volume group independent shadow volume set invalidate master volume multiple shadow volumes overflow volume point in time copy snapshot resynchronization shadow copy shadow volume shadow volume set volume pair 46 Usage Guide for In hot backup mode you quiesce the Oracle database long enough to start the point in time copy software copy or update An I O volume group is a construct that includes more than one shadow volume set You can
25. e group will have the same time stamp Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Considerations m The point in time copy software supports multiple volume snapshots Therefore you can distribute the data across multiple volumes You can use UFS VxFS or raw devices for the data files m The shadow volume in an independent shadow volume set must be the same size as its master volume or larger m The shadow volume in a dependent shadow volume set can be the same size as its master volume or it can be smaller than its master volume in which case it is called a compact dependent shadow volume a Many compact dependent shadow volumes can be attached to an overflow volume In the event that the compact dependent shadow volume becomes full further writes are directed to the overflow volume Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 17 Performing a Hot Backup Procedure The general steps to perform a hot backup procedure are as follows v To Perform a Hot Backup Procedure 1 Choose as the master volumes the volumes where the production data files control files redo logs and archived logs reside 2 Create shadow volumes the same size as the master volumes 3 Create the bitmap volume for each point in time copy software shadow volume set 4 Assuming the database is running ensure the following m The shadow volumes are not mounted m The volumes
26. ely mirrored data at the secondary site m At the secondary site create a snapshot image of the remotely mirrored data m Backup the snapshot image of the remotely mirrored data at the secondary site 40 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Host Based Versus Subsystem Based Solutions Host based solutions m Provide solutions from low end to high end m Are more easily integrated with the application m Enable the snapshot image to span storage subsystems Subsystem based solutions a Offload the host from any processor cycles required to execute the snapshot copy solution Chapter 4 Methodologies 41 Suggested Methodologies Using the Remote Mirror Software You can create the remote snapshot in a variety of ways FIGURE 4 1 shows the different methodologies that can be applied based on available hardware and software Method 1 Using the Remote Mirror Software a Replicate the production database to the remote host using the remote mirror software m Take an independent or dependent snapshot of the mirrored image at the remote host m Break the mirror and use the snapshot for performing backup procedures See the Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Remote Mirror Software with Oracle Databases and the Test Results for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Remote Mirror Software with Oracle Databases for details Method 2 Using the Remote Mirror Software m T
27. em prompt returns The access method providing the most practical solution is described in this document The database files may be split into groups based on your requirements for availability and importance for the application recoverability process See TABLE 4 1 TABLE 4 1 Volume Access Method Oracle File Entities Access Method System TableSpace and RollBack TableSpace Raw volumes Control files Raw volumes or File system Archive Logs File system Log Files Raw volumes Data Files Raw volumes Index Files Raw volumes Temp Files Raw volumes Application Binaries File system 34 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle As determined by the customer s application requirements you will need to regularly create coordinated point in time copy software snapshots of all volumes into the secondary host s storage These volumes are recoverable using standard Oracle database procedures will be used if the primary server fails and must be rolled forward to the time of failure As these point in time snapshots will need to be rolled forward before the database is brought into production on the secondary server it is important that these snapshots are taken frequently to ensure that update times are within the customer s recovery timeframes Create scripts to update the database files and logs to the snapshot as often as possible Although the application binaries are not being r
28. eplicated in this scenario this replication is easy to implement if required Volume and Bitmap Requirements Normally the shadow volume must be the same size or larger than the master volume However if you use the shadow after disabling the shadow volume group as part of a failover scenario and the master needs to be re synchronized with the shadow also known as fallback both volumes must be the same size A point in time copy software bitmap volume s size is based on the size of the master volume and the type of volume set being created independent full sized dependent or compact dependent as follows m For independent or full sized shadow dependent volume sets 8 Kbytes per 1 Gbyte of master volume size rounded up to the nearest whole Gigabyte plus an additional 24 Kbytes for overhead For example to shadow a 3 Gbyte master volume the bitmap size must be 3 x 8 Kbytes 24 Kbytes or 48 Kbytes in size m For compact dependent shadow volume sets 256 Kbytes per 1 Gbyte of master volume size rounded up to the nearest whole Gbyte plus 8 Kbytes per 1 Gbyte of master volume rounded up to the nearest whole Gbyte plus an additional 24 Kbytes for overhead For example to shadow a 3 Gbyte master volume the bitmap size must be 3 x 256 Kbytes 3 x 8 Kbytes 24 Kbytes or 816 Kbytes in size If you enable a volume set with a bitmap that is too large the volume set is created even though space may be wasted I
29. f you enable a volume set with a bitmap that is too small the enable command fails with an error message You can have multiple pairs of master and shadow volumes the number is limited only by the amount of storage you have physically available Chapter 4 Methodologies 35 Using volume manager software like the Veritas Volume Manager create disk groups Also create volumes for m Oracle binaries m Database data files m Online logs m Archive log files Other Requirements and Suggestions m For optimal performance use the Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software remote mirror software m Create directories under root as mount points for volumes m If UFS is used make entries in the etc vfstab file Do not mount the shadow volume 36 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Business Solutions Using the Point in Time Copy Software This section describes business solutions using the point in time copy software and the remote mirror software General Operational Issues on page 37 Reducing Backup Windows on page 37 Analyzing Up to date Information on page 38 New Application Development and Testing on page 39 Restoring from Snapshot Copies on page 39 Protecting Against Disasters on page 40 Host Based Versus Subsystem Based Solutions on page 41 General Operational Issues Establish automated or manual operational procedures
30. g the Shadow Volume Resulting from a Hot Backup Volume Type Usage Any shadow volume Copy the shadow volume contents to the master volume in case of production data problems e Update the shadow volume from the master volume with new data periodically e Use the shadow volume for backup purposes Independent Once the copy is completed shadow volume e Split the master and shadow volume pair to open the database with a different instance name e Split the master and shadow volume pair to copy the independent copy volume to a remote site to create another instance of the volume Export the shadow to another host for processing if it resides on a dual ported disk drive Dependent shadow Once the copy is completed volume The shadow volume is available immediately as a snapshot copy Do not split the volume pair or disable the point in time copy software e Use the shadow volume for backup purposes Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 21 v 1 vy To Update the Shadow Volume Unmount the shadow volumes if file system is used umount shadow_vol Update the shadow volume iiadm u s shadow_vol Check the status of the snapshot by issuing the iiadm i all command To Restore Full Database From the Shadow Volume to the Master Volume If the database is running stop the database SQL gt shutdown immediate Unmount the
31. he point in time copy software s enable copy or update function which enables the snapshot You can release the tablespaces from hot backup mode immediately without waiting for the copy to complete Therefore the tablespaces are in hot backup mode for only a short time In cold backup mode you shut down the database before initiating the point in time copy enable copy or update 16 You can use the snapshot for many purposes including the following m Backing up your database to tape without causing any performance degradation to the master volumes a Launching another instance on a different node if dual ported m Restoring your database easily if it becomes corrupted you can only restore the volume that was corrupted m Replicating your database to a system at a different location using Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software remote mirror software See Chapter 1 for an introductory discussion of the point in time copy software See particularly Volume Groups on page 3 and following sections for a discussion of dependent and independent shadow volume sets When you first enable an independent shadow volume set it will take a longer time to complete the full copy than it will for subsequent resynchronizations of the shadow volume with the Oracle database When you issue an update command to resynchronize the shadow volume with the master volume only data that has been changed in the master volume since the last update is c
32. int 3 Disable the shadow volume iiadm d shadow_vol 4 If VxVM or SDS SLVM deport shadow_vol and bitmap2 On the Primary Host 5 If VxVM or SDS SLVM import shadow_vol and bitmap2 6 Join the shadow volume iiadm J shadow_vol bitmap2 32 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle CHAPTER 4 Methodologies Chapter contents Application Requirements on page 34 Business Solutions Using the Point in Time Copy Software on page 37 Suggested Methodologies Using the Remote Mirror Software on page 42 References on page 44 33 Application Requirements Before you start planning the actual point in time copy software configuration be sure that you understand your application requirements for consistency and application recovery methods Sun Microsystems recommends that you make a full copy of the entire database at once You can subsequently copy only specific data files a Copy all volumes in independent mode At a given point in time use a shell script to start an independent copy of all selected volumes You can continue with normal operations when the system prompt returns a Copy all volumes in dependent mode At a given point in time use a shell script to start a dependent copy of all selected volumes You can continue with normal operations on the master and shadow volumes when the syst
33. lity Suite Software point in time copy software Follow the instructions in the documents supplied with the software Application Title Part Number Installation Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Software Installation 817 2783 10 Guide Release Information Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Software Release 817 2782 10 Notes System Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy 817 2781 10 Administration Software Administrator and Operator Guide man pages iiadm N A dscfg pkgrm pkgask scmadm pkgadd Chapter 2 Configuration and Installation 13 14 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle CHAPTER O Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software Chapter contents m Considerations on page 17 m Performing a Hot Backup Procedure on page 18 m Performing a Cold Backup Procedure on page 25 m Launching the Shadow on a Different Host on page 30 For testing development and reporting purposes you ordinarily use a copy of an Oracle database not the master database volumes Using point in time copy software you can easily and quickly acquire a copy which is called a snapshot of the Oracle database whenever you choose You can acquire a snapshot of your database in two Oracle database modes hot backup mode and cold backup mode You only have to put the tablespaces into hot backup mode for as long as it takes to initiate t
34. lumes The master and shadow volumes in a shadow volume set Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle
35. m An independent copy completed message is similar to the following dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs m master volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs s shadow volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs bm bitmap volume Independent Copy Percent of bitmap set 0 a A dependent copy completed message is similar to the following dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs m master volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs s shadow volume dev vx rdsk oracle816 ii dbs bm bitmap volume Dependent Copy Percent of bitmap set 0 26 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Using the Shadow Volume Resulting from a Cold Backup TABLE 3 1 shows how you can use the shadow volume TABLE 3 2 Using the Shadow Volume Resulting from a Cold Backup Volume Type Usage Any shadow volume Independent shadow volume Dependent shadow volume Copy the shadow volume contents to the master volume in case of production data problems e Update the shadow volume from the master volume with new data periodically e Use the shadow volume for backup purposes Once the copy is completed e Split the master and shadow volume pair to open the database with a different instance name Copy the independent copy volume to a remote site with the remote mirror software to create another instance of the volume Export the shadow to another host for processing if it resides on a
36. oday to respond more efficiently to the networked business environment Snapshot copy technologies enhance these efforts by enabling business applications to be tested on real up to date data This technology helps to accelerate new application development and helps to promote faster time to market Test applications are often not run on the same application server as the production application Snapshot technologies can enable a snapshot of the production data to be made available to a test application running on a secondary server The general procedure to accomplish this is as follows m Ensure the production data has reached a point of consistency flush all the data to the disk m Create a snapshot image of the production data a Make the snapshot image available to the secondary server mount the volumes onto the secondary server m Run the test application against the snapshot image Restoring from Snapshot Copies Database or file system recovery time can be minimized using snapshot copy technologies by capturing frequent snapshots of online data which can then be used for restoration To restore master data from the most recent snapshot image simply synchronize the master with the snapshot image In most cases only the changes from the last established snapshot will need to be copied to the master Restoring an older snapshot image can be performed in any one of the following ways m Perform a fast resynchronization from an ol
37. of these shadow volumes performs just as though it were the only shadow volume In other words the presence of other shadow volumes has no effect on any shadow volume or on the master volume beyond additional I O volume Using multiple shadow volumes you can have any number of tasks running with the same or different sets of point in time data from the same master volume The only limit would be system resources Practically speaking you wouldn t have a huge number of shadow volumes configured to a single master volume because of limited system resources However having a dependent shadow volume that is updated daily for analysis coexist with an independent shadow volume of the same master for use in offloading one host in peak hours would be a reasonable use for the point in time copy software s multiple shadow capability Chapter1 Overview 7 8 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Databases December CHAPTER 2 Configuration and Installation Chapter contents m System Requirements on page 10 m Installing Oracle on page 11 a Installing the Point in Time Copy Software on page 13 System Requirements This section provides the hardware and software requirements for running the OSCP tests Point in Time Copy Software Requirements Hardware A CD ROM drive connected to the host server where the Sun StorEdge Availability Suite Software point in
38. ons You only need to quiesce Oracle long enough to issue a point in time copy software enable update or copy command Point in time copy snapshots are referred to as shadow volumes in the point in time copy software You structure an Oracle database volume into a point in time copy software shadow volume set which includes a master volume the database volume a shadow volume and a bitmap volume The shadow volume is the copy of the master volume that is independently accessible by other applications besides Oracle The bitmap volume tracks changes to both the master volume and the shadow volume The point in time copy software uses the information in the bitmap volume to perform updates of the shadow volume or the master volume 2 In addition to providing instantly available and easily updated point in time copies of Oracle volumes the point in time copy software includes additional related functionality that helps extend the software s capabilities and ease of use m Supports I O volume groups for simplified management of storage volumes a Supports compact dependent shadow volumes for more efficient use of available storage m Enables you to export a shadow volume for processing external to the originating host m Enables you to maintain multiple shadow volumes of a single master volume for processing multiple instances of the data The point in time copy software works with the remote mirror software which is also part of the
39. opied to the shadow volume Therefore an update can be much faster than the initial copy This updated shadow volume can be used for backup or for testing purposes Dependent mode is the fastest way to create a copy of the database However even though any read of the shadow volume is done at the shadow volume most of the actual I O is performed on the master volume This may impact performance at the master volume to some degree However a dependent shadow volume is useful for quickly launching another snapshot of the database or to do a backup at a particular point in time You can export a shadow volume if it is part of an independent shadow volume set and if it resides on a dual ported disk drive Once exported with the point in time copy software s export command another host can import the shadow volume and use it without affecting the original host Exporting a shadow volume is useful if you want to perform intensive analysis on the snapshot but you don t want to steal cycles from the Oracle host You can group any number of shadow volume sets in an I O volume group and execute atomic commands on all the volume sets at once For instance if you have five shadow volume sets and you want to take a point in time copy snapshot of all the shadow volume sets at the same time group them together and execute one update command against the I O volume group The point in time copy snapshot on the shadow volume of each member of the I O volum
40. sS amp SUN microsystems Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Databases Sun Microsystems Inc 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara CA 95054 U S A 650 960 1300 December Submit comments about this document at http www sun com hwdocs feedback Copyright 2003 Sun Microsystems Inc 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara California 95054 U S A All rights reserved Sun Microsystems Inc has intellectual property rights relating to technology that is described in this document In particular and without limitation these intellectual property rights may include one or more of the U S patents listed at http www sun com patents and one or more additional patents or pending patent applications in the U S and in other countries This document and the product to which it pertains are distributed under licenses restricting their use copying distribution and decompilation No part of the product or of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors if any Third party software including font technology is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems licensed from the University of California UNIX is a registered trademark in the U S and in other countries exclusively licensed through X Open Company Ltd Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun
41. se SQL gt recover automatic database b When recovery is complete open the database as follows SQL gt alter database open resetlogs 7 If the datafile locations are different from the original database perform these steps a Rename the datafiles in the new location not the original database SQL gt alter database rename file original file name to new file name b Recover the database SQL gt recover automatic database c When the recovery is complete open the database as follows SQL gt alter database open resetlogs Chapter 3 Using Point in Time Copy Software with Oracle Software 29 Launching the Shadow on a Different Host v To Launch Another Instance on a Secondary Host On the Primary Host 1 Choose as the master volumes the volumes where the production data files control files redo logs and archived logs reside 2 Create the shadow volumes of the same size of the master volumes 3 Create the bitmap file or volume for each point in time copy software volume pair 4 Place the primary database in hot backup mode if database is running 5 Unmount the shadow volume umount mount_point 6 Export the shadow volume iiadm E shadow_vol 7 Create bitmap2 to be the same size as bitmap1 8 Copy bitmap 1 to bitmap2 dd if bitmap1 of bitmap2 9 If VxVM or SDS SLVM deport sh
42. set semsys seminfo semmni 100 set semsys seminfo semms1 100 set semsys seminfo semopm 100 set semsys seminfo semvmx 32767 Create the directory opt bin Create the group oinstall Create the user oracle and attach the oinstall group to oracle Have a mount point ready and make oracle the owner Reboot the server To Install Oracle Log into the server as user oracle Insert the Oracle 8 x Universal Install CD into the CD ROM drive Accept the 8i Server Installation option and follow the instructions Chapter 2 Configuration and Installation 11 Oracle Installation Notes m You can use the path oracle 8 x x where x is a version number as the ORACLE HOME environment variable The software then creates various directories under SORACLE HOME bin contains all binaries and rdbms admin contains all utility SQL files a The installation software automatically creates a default database named starter You must assign a four character ORACLE SID system identifier SID name to the database m When the installation is complete you can create numerous Oracle databases on the server The number of databases per server is restricted to the resource availability You can create databases using the dbassist utility 12 Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle Installing the Point in Time Copy Software If necessary install the Sun StorEdge Availabi
43. ter volume Using compact dependent shadow volume sets enables efficient use of storage space when few changes to the master volume are expected The compact dependent shadow volume can be any size When you enable a dependent shadow volume set with a shadow volume that is smaller than the master volume a compact dependent shadow volume is created Use a compact dependent shadow volume set when you can predict the volume of writes to the master volume over the period of time that you expect to be using the volume set before updating the volumes However be aware that attempted data writes to a full compact dependent shadow volume will result in the compact dependent shadow volume set being marked inconsistent Compact Dependent Shadow Volume Set With an Attached Overflow Volume A compact dependent shadow volume is always open to becoming filled up unexpectedly To prevent this occurrence from causing difficulty you can assign an overflow volume to a compact dependent shadow volume set If the compact dependent shadow volume becomes filled any further writes are directed to the overflow volume which prevents the data in the volume set from becoming inconsistent Any number of compact dependent shadow volume sets can be attached to a single overflow volume However attempted data writes to a full overflow volume will result in the data being labeled inconsistent and the volume set being taken offline It is good practice to assign all your
44. tive marketplace advantage The faster they can convert data to information the better they can make critical decisions Snapshot copy technologies enable businesses to analyze more up to date information leading to faster and better business decisions One way to frequently analyze up to date information is to take a snapshot of an online database and then use that snapshot as the data for a decision support application General procedures to create an independent database are as follows a Ensure that the primary database has reached a point of consistency no in flight transactions exist and all data is flushed to disk m Create a snapshot image of all database files m Edit any database parameters that are database instance specific m Start the secondary database instance on the snapshot image of the primary database It is also possible to create a snapshot image without reaching a point of consistency as follows m Create a snapshot image of all database files a Edit any database parameters that are database instance specific init ora or control file if necessary m Start the secondary database instance on the snapshot image of the primary database m Run recovery on the secondary database to rollback the in flight transactions Usage Guide for Sun StorEdge Availability Suite 3 2 Point in Time Copy Software With Oracle New Application Development and Testing Many enterprise systems are being re engineered t
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