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EMS Portable Workflow - Computer Science

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1. Function Err EmsStoreIncidentRecord DmOpenRef db incidentRecord record UInt16 index Purpose Stores the given record in the space denoted by the given index Parameters db pointer to database to create new record in record pointer to record structure to copy into record memory index the index telling which record to store into Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from a number of functions in eir c 4 1 4 3 Record sorting Traversal of Palm databases depends on the assumption that deleted records have been moved to the end of the database The Palm Data Manager provides a function DmQuickSort that when given a callback function that compares two records performs a quicksort on the database During this operation all deleted records are moved to the end of the database This allows the safe traversal of the database record by record using the DmNumRecordsInCategory function which returns the number of non deleted records in the database The callback function for the incidents database EmsIncidentCompareByUniquelD compares records based on their unique ID The functions for the medication and allergy databases compare the records based on the incident 1D associated with each record Function Int16 EmsIncidentCompareByUniquelD void r1 void r2 Int16 unusedInt16 SortRecordInfoPtr unusedl SortRecordInfoPtr unuse
2. Function NetSocketRef NetLibSocketOpen UInt16 libRefnum NetSocketAddrEnum domain NetSocketTypeEnum type Int16 protocol Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Opens a new socket Parameters libRefnum Reference number to the Net Library domain Desired type of connection protocol Protocol to use timeout Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return value is 0 Result Returns the NetSocketRef of the opened socket or 1 if an error occurred errP contains the error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 4 2 1 1 4 Connecting Socket An open socket is not enough to send and receive data The socket must be connected for any data to be sent and received NetLibSocketConnect is called to connect the socket Function Int16 NetLibSocketConnect UInt16 libRefnum NetSocketRef socket NetSocketAddrType sockAddrP Int16 addrLen Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Assign a destination address to a socket and initiate a three way handshake Parameters libRefnum Reference number to the Net Library socket Descriptor for the open socket sockAddrP Pointer to address to connect to addrLen Length of address in sockAddrP timeout Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return val
3. Click to Enter Responder 4 Responder Form 1 The Responder Form allows the technician to enter him herself and up to 4 other responders that may have responded to an incident 2 The Submitter ID is the technician sending the report while all other responders are just those that were on scene 3 To select a Responder tap on the field in which you wish to add a responder Choose a Responder 200 L Heureux a Selecting a Responder 1 Select from the list the Responder of your choice by tapping on that responder s name bd Responders Gib v Responders 202 McHugh 201 Privett 200 L Heureux Click to Enter Responder 3 Click to Enter Responder 4 Responder Form after Entry 1 Each field will list the Responder that was selected for that field 116 10 Server Installation Guide 10 1 Server System Requirements Windows NT 2000 Server or higher with access to an NT 2000 domain Internet Information Services 10 2 Server Application 1 Download the Java 2 Platform Standard Edition Runtime Environment from http java sun com j2se 1 4 1 download html 2 Run the downloaded installer Agree to the license agreement and perform a Typical install 3 Copy the EMSServer folder from the zip file to the root level of the C drive 4 Copy the emsserverprefs folder from the zip file to the root level of the C drive 5 Edit the following files in the
4. Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return value is 1 Result Returns 0 upon success and 1 if an error occurred errP contains the error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 73 4 2 1 1 9 Closing the Net Library The Net Library is no longer needed if there are no more network transactions taking place NetLibClose is called to unload and terminate the network protocol stack Function Err NetLibClose UInt16 libRefnum UInt16 immediate Purpose Closes the Net Library Parameters libRefnum Reference number to the Net Library immediate If true will shut down the Net Library immediately If false the library will shut down only if a close timer expires before another NetLibOpen is issued Result Returns O upon success and error otherwise Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 4 2 1 2 GetResponderTable To get the responder table the user instantiates a request to update the responder list through the main menu of the application Because the existing responder database is being replaced each time a request is made to update the list GetResponderTable first closes and deletes the existing responder database using DmCloseDatabase and DmDeleteDatabase declared in DataMgr h Function Err DmCloseDatabase Dm
5. function uses NetLib to find the server open a connection between the client and server and send the data to the server using TCP Once a connection has been established the application Status Code Meaning immediately sends as much data usually all of it as it can to 0 Success 5 JDBC a sae seer the server In the case that it doesn t get all the data through on pace a the first try the function will loop through until all the data is A wa ha oe sent Upon retrieval of the XML string the server will send an Table 3 1 Server status codes acknowledgement to the client detailing what happened on its returned to client end after it received the XML string The client application waits for an acknowledgement from the server There are seven possible acknowledgements that the server could send and a numeric value is associated with each See Table 3 1 Server status codes returned to client for details about each status code 48 If the client receives a successful acknowledgement from the server the record that was sent is EMS Incident Reporting Client EMS Data Collection Serve SendData XMLString JEMS EQF XML EMS Database Incident insertintoDBO Incident sendEmailQ Sends Email Status Code eee ei i i ama ama Figure 21 Sending an Incident Report deleted from the incident database on the handheld If it receives any other acknowledgement it sends the user back to the form fr
6. 2 2 Emergency Medical Services Currently WPI s EMS group is one of the approximately two hundred campus based EMS groups SMITO1 The WPI EMS group is responsible for first response medical service on the WPI campus EMS is managed by the WPI Campus Police Department and employs students as technicians Each technician is certified at the Massachusetts First Responder level and is trained to handle most medical emergencies Each incident report contains information about the patient that can be used later by EMS or any other group that may need to give aid to that patient The report contains such information as the patient s status upon the technician s arrival a brief medical history present medications allergies measurements taken at the site of the incident and the responder s to the incident Two incident reports were referenced in this project The first is the Norwood Call Sheet which is the incident report form that the Emergency Incident Reporting application is modeled after The second is the existing WPI EMS incident report form See section 9 1 in the appendix for the incident reports 2 2 1 Existing Portable EMS Systems The EMS Portable Workflow System is unique It includes wireless synchronization capability and integration with a backend database Most of the existing systems are either cost prohibitive for a smaller EMS department such as WPI or the feature set does not include wireless transmission capabi
7. Each field of the responder record is delimited by a tab t character and each record is delimited by a new line n character With this being the case and since responder name lengths aren t always the same length the incoming responder table string is read in 1 character byte at a time This ensures that each character is accounted for and there is no loss of data NetLibReceive mentioned in section 4 2 1 1 6 is called to get the responder table string It is stored locally in a variable that is then parsed to get each individual field of data While loops are used as an index traverses the string which gathers and stores appropriate data in the responder table structure in the client application Once the responder structure is complete for a single record a new record is created in the responder database on the handheld with that record structure s information using EmsNewResponderRecord defined in eirDB c which is explained in section 4 1 4 2 above 4 3 Server Application 4 3 1 Managing settings The server application requires several pieces of user defined configuration information to run successfully This information is necessary for performing the database connection emailing incident reports and ensuring connection availability To manage the loading of this configuration information there is a Preferences class that encapsulates all operations relating to configuration management The Preferences
8. PATIENT_STATE PATIENT_ZIP PATIENT_COUNTRY PATIENT_WPI PATIENT_WPIID PATIENT_WPIBOX INCIDENT_LOC STATUS_ONARRIVAL STATUS_COMPLAINT STATUS_ONSET STATUS_HOWFOUND PHYSICIAN_NAMEF PHYSICIAN_NAMEM PHYSICIAN_NAMEL PHYSICIAN_HOSPITAL HISTORY_UNKNOWN HISTORY_DENIEDBY HISTORY_ANGINA HISTORY_CHF HISTORY_CVA HISTORY_COPD HISTORY_MI HISTORY_HYPERTENSION HISTORY_PACEMAKER HISTORY_DIABETES HISTORY_CA HISTORY_CAOF HISTORY_OTHER TALS_SKINCOND TALS_SKINCOLOR TALS_PUPILSPERLR TALS_PUPILSPERLL TALS_PUPILSDESC TALS_CAPREFILL TALS_RESPDIST TALS_RESPSEV TALS_RESPONSET TALS_RESPAPNEIC TALS_RESPAIRWAY TALS_RESPDESC ARRATIVE EDS_DENIEDBY EDS_UNKNOWN ALLERG_DENIEDBY ALLERG_UNKNOWN INCIDENT_DATE PATIENT_PRIORITY INCIDENT_CALLTYPE INCIDENT_TRANSPORTTYPE E E E E Z lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt C Fixed Length 15 C Fixed Length 15 C Fixed Length 15 C Fixed Length 1 N Unsigned Integer T Date C Fixed Length C Fixed Length 30 C Fixed Length 20 C Fixed Length 2 C Fixed Length 9 C Fixed Length L Yes or No C Fixed Length 9 C Fixed Length 4 C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Fixed Length T Date amp Time C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Fixed Length L Yes or No C Fixed Length L Yes or No L Yes or No L Yes or No L Yes or No L Yes or No L Yes or No L Yes or No L Yes or No L Yes or No C Fixed Length 20 C Variable Length 50 C Fixed Length 10 C Fixe
9. To determine the correct incident number the server application places a lock on the INCIDENT table so that any other insertions into the table are held The insertion is then performed and a subsequent query is performed to determine the maximum incident number that exists in the database after the insertion This is taken to be the current incident number and is used in the related record insertions Once the incident number has been determined the INCIDENT table is 80 unlocked so that other transactions may take place If the insertion queries are successful the client is returned an OK status code as described in section 4 3 7 Function public String insertIntoDB Purpose Inserts the data contained in the Incident object into the MySQL database Parameters None Result Returns the status string describing any errors that may have occurred during the operation If any errors occur an SQLException is thrown Called By This method is called from the Connection run method 4 3 6 Emailing Incident Reports The Incident class s sendEmail method makes use of Sun s experimental API for interfacing with email servers the javax mail package The first step in sending an email using the SMTP portion of this package is to create a Session object This object manages the properties of the message including transport type message addressing information and message body To create the
10. and exportable GEIE02 The earliest 802 11b implementations provided 40 bit WEP which was generally regarded as too weak to afford any real protection Later 802 11b products like the ones on the market today strengthened WEP to use 64 bit which is actually the same as 40 bit or 128 bit keys 802 11a products offer those same WEP levels but add a yet higher level 152 bit while the some of the latest 802 11b products often feature 256 bit WEP MORAO02 If WEP is activated the Network Interface Card NIC encrypts the payload of each frame before transmission using the RC4 algorithm mentioned above The access point acts as a receiver and decrypts the frame when it arrives A data stream encrypted with WEP can still be intercepted but the encryption of the data makes it so that it is impossible to understand by the interceptor When a frame enters the wired side of the network WEP no longer applies since it only encrypts data 28 between 802 11 stations GEIE02 The principle behind WEP is similar to that used by Secure Sockets Layer SSL which encrypts data sent between two machines over a wired network 2 7 3 1 1 Media Access Control MAC Every 802 11 device has its own particular Media Access Control MAC address hard coded into it The MAC layer is a sub layer of the data link layer This unique identifier can be used to provide security for wireless networks When a network uses a MAC table only the 802 11 radios that hav
11. 1234 Figure 19 Database Entry Form appropriate field back on the responder form This allows the user to choose five total responders including themselves 3 3 Data Transmission The second major phase of this project deals with the transmission of the incident report from the handheld device to a database located on a server and the retrieval of a list of responders This list of responders defines those who can both use the application to send incident reports and be selected 46 as responders to an incident Both of these sets of data are transmitted over Worcester Polytechnic Institute s 802 11b wireless network Direct Serial Access one of the methods for synchronizing data between a PC and a handheld device requires a conduit which is invoked by the HotSync Manager on the PC The conduit is written and run by the HotSync Manager to enable synchronization between the two machines Direct Serial Access will not be utilized in this project In the case of this project no data is being synchronized Data is merely being sent from one end to the other through TCP IP protocols 3 3 1 Wireless Transmission The default method for transferring the incident report and responder table within the system is via a connection to WPI s wireless network The Net Library provides networking services for the Palm OS and is utilized to establish connections and transfer data over the wireless network See Figure 20 Connec
12. Connection Process of a PDA WINTO1 802 11b a spread spectrum technique known as HR DSSS High Rate Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum is now commonplace among most office buildings airports and campuses and continues to grow at a rapid pace It uses 11 million chips per second to achieve 11 Mbps megabits per second in a 2 4 Ghz Gigahertz band The data rate may be dynamically adapted during operation to achieve the optimum speed possible under current conditions of load and noise In practice the operating speed of 802 11b is nearly always 11Mbps TANE03 A Wi Fi connection is usually made from a PDA or laptop to a wireless Local Area Network LAN access point The access point connects to your network router hub and forms what can be thought of as an invisible Ethernet connection between the hub and any Wi Fi enabled computer in range BACHO02 Wi Fi technology also allows for data transmissions to be sent at rates of multiple megabytes per second In the case of an RF wireless network the device is limited only by the speed of that network A Spread Spectrum uses wide band noise like signals that are much wider than normal signals and therefore are harder to detect and intercept 21 When dealing with wireless technology coverage is a major issue This possible downside is dependent on location and networks in wireless general Whether or not Table 1 WPI Wireless Access Points Gordon Lib
13. Palm devices use a relatively unique approach to user interaction The user may perform all input using a stylus a small pointing device to interact with the device s touch sensitive screen Text may be entered through a built in or attached keyboard but is most often entered through Graffiti Graffiti is a proprietary method for entering characters through pre defined Figure 4 The Graffiti Area 1 Displays the on screen Alpha strokes Graffiti operations may only be performed in the Keyboard graffiti area which is divided into a section for letters and a section for numbers Additionally an on screen 2 Alpha Text Area keyboard is available for use See Figure 4 The Graffiti Area The Palm OS is designed to feel like one large application with each program designed as a feature set As such the user never explicitly exits a program but simply accesses another feature A highly consistent UI enables this 3 Numeric Text Area 4 Displays on screen Numeric Keyboard 15 20 10 10 j D Handheld Laptop PC Handheld Laptop PC Accesses per day Average session time minutes Source Palm Inc user surveys Figure 5 Palm access frequency illusion to exist an inconsistent UI may lead to user dissatisfaction and confusion See Figure 5 Palm access frequency The Palm OS is single threaded and its applications must wait for one thread to complete before starting another This makes i
14. a label clicking on the box or label inserts a check into the box indicating selection This provides a simple familiar and quick data method entry See Figure 17 Checkboxes 45 3 2 2 5 3 Database Control Form Layout The Emergency Incident Reporting program provides the ability to enter an unlimited number of certain data types including medications allergies and vital sign measurements A special case of this occurs with the responder list which is also described here Each form of this type expands on the functionality of a standard input form To the right of the Submit button is located the New button When tapped this button pulls up an appropriate dialog in which the user enters information pertaining to one instance of the data type When the user taps OK the dialog is closed and the data is now displayed on the screen The user may tap the list to edit entered data and while editing use the drop down menu to delete the instance The user may enter as many pieces of data as needed using the vertical scroll bars to scroll through the list The responder form is a special case of this form type Five tables are displayed tapping on one brings up a list of available users The user must tap on a responder which is selected and displayed in the Vitals 4 1 v Vitals Save Cel Figure 18 Database Control Form New Measurement Time Select Time BP Sys Resp Treatment Bandage By
15. be the actual server name or an IP address Set the Port by entering the Port Number of the Server on the Host machine 105 9 5 2 1 1 2 Retrieving Responder List Fite bos Set Server Update Responders Le New Retrieving Responder List To retrieve a new list of Responders tap Update Responders A menu will appear informing you that the application is connecting to the network A message will appear detailing the status of the transfer 9 5 2 2 Incident Report Forms 9 5 2 2 1 Incident Report Menu Bar The Application Menu Bar is the same for all Incident Report forms GY Edit About Delete D Incident Report Menu Bar File Option City State Zip Code Ga First Name 1 From the File option you can delete the incident report on Gender i i NA a A which you are currently working This is the only point from SelectDOB Weight hich do thi Para a which you Can do 18 AO 2 Selecting Delete will delete the incident report and take you City back to the main menu State Zip Code i Incident Report Menu Bar Edit Option 1 The Edit Menu options allow for basic Editing functionality 2 Basic functionality includes undo cut copy paste and select all 3 Selecting Keyboard displays an on screen keyboard 4 Selecting Graffiti Help displays the standard Graffiti keystroke reference list 106 9 5 2 2 2 Incident Report Form Naviga
16. class is patterned on the Singleton object oriented design pattern GAMM95 As such only one instance of it may be created and accessed during the execution of the server application This ensures that configuration information is consistent To implement this design pattern the constructor is made private and the class stores an instance of itself The only way to create an instance of the class is to call the static method getInstance The getInstance method 75 checks to see if an instance of the object has already been created If not it calls the constructor and stores the instance within the class Subsequent calls to getInstance return the existing instance stored within the class thus ensuring that only one instance of the class is ever created Upon startup the EMSServer constructor calls the Preferences class loadAllPrefs method This method in turn calls individual load functions to load each piece of configuration information from a text file For instance to load the database hostname loadDBHostName String fileName is called where fileName is the name of the text file containing the property Figure 24 contains information regarding the specific files and their functions dbhostname txt Hostname where DBMS can be found dbusername txt Username with which to access DBMS dbpassword txt Password with which to access DBMS dbport txt MySQL port dbname txt Database name within DBMS mailfromaddress txt Address from whi
17. department A Web interface allows quick viewing of incidents that is similar to the all in one presentation of the paper run sheets Additionally a Microsoft Access database may be used to provide customizable aggregate reporting 4 3 8 1 Web Interface a The EMS system s Web interface was WPI EMS Incident Reporting System sunen in BE anaha diodo ds View Incident List Responder Statistics Administrative Reports established methods for connecting to joy Incident List cross platform compatibility and well MySQL databases Each PHP script Figure 25 Web Interface Main Menu begins by calling the mysql_connect 9 method provided by PHP to connect to the EMS database Depending upon the desired content of the page an SQL query is formed and submitted to the database The results of the query are placed into a result set that can be processed row by row using an array metaphor For instance to print a listing of the incidents in the database a SELECT lt attributes gt FROM INCIDENT query is run For each row returned by the DBMS the PHP script writes a line of HTML containing elements from the results There are two levels of access within the Web interface The lower level provides access to incident information without any personally identifiable information visible A person with higher level permissions may access another tier of the Web interface which offers access to all of the incident in
18. e i KE EEA kak E Ka en a aa a aa a Ak 31 Bo Methodolo2 Y bastara A NE aa NA a ag a La EA E EE Az 35 3 1 Introduction rte 35 3 2 Client Side A pplication sa saeka Pana ea anapak da kap eds baa na aapa da ka aaa Pa banen Kan Gagah aaa aa KE Sa a andene Kapa be 36 3 21 NGET Friendliness orres Aa aio dt a a ad ate did 36 3 2 2 Emergency Incident Reporting DesigN coooooccnonocononononnnnnononnnononnnnnnconononnnnonnnnncnonnnnncnnnnnoss 38 3 3 Data Transmission dad a AE ii A EK iii coves 46 3 3 1 Wireless Transmission cia dai ii TE ANAN KAKANG IH BERAN TEN wa KB AAN a KA andina 47 3 4 Server Side ProceSsin Gs sci a sag aaa aaa ea tag eea aka a ag KA TA a PU waga Kana a wa Ag E ang A ai ad a ag BA 53 3 4 1 Data Processing Server rasaae nikanang Bean awe na aa kaadanan ewa maa kaa PAE a EA aa gg E pae eea aana 53 3 4 2 Database Implementation ccccccccccssecesssssececssaeccesseaeececsesaececsesaececsesaeeeceesaeseceesaeeeensaas 55 3 5 Design Conclusion 3 Ad A teak aa ese ea 57 4 Jimplementation drid De Mes odd a aaa bana een gah Mobos od TA Ga Mover od Bee Tekan eed a tees ae dae fhe tees 57 4 1 Client Application ui ia dile E BAYAN EBEN ANDE AKA 57 41 1 Application Organization id das scons Lae ed ah en Sle Recah dle 57 4 1 2 Application Operation OVerview cccccscccccsssscecesssececssssececsssececcsesaeeecsesaesecsesaeeeesesaeeeenaas 57 4 13 Event Driven Application Execution oooooccnnnocnncnononnnononononnnnnononc
19. error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c After the host has been retrieved the service port is set This is done by using the NetLibGetServByName function SendData calls this function using the tcp protocol type passed in as a parameter Function NetServInfoPtr NetLibGetServByName Ulnt16 libRefNum const Char servNameP const Char protoNameP NetServiInfoBufPtr bufP Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Looks up the port number for a standard TCP IP service given the desired protocol Parameters libRefNum Reference number to the Net Library servNameP Name of the service to look up protoNameP Desired protocol to use either udp or tcp bufP Pointer to a NetServInfoBufType struct in which to store the results of the lookup timeout Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return value is 0 Result Returns a pointer to the NetServInfoType portion of bufP which contains results of the lookup errP contains the error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 4 2 1 1 3 Opening a Connection Now that the host machine and service port have been found a socket can be opened NetLibSocketOpen is called to achieve this task A call to this function allocates resources that the socket will need 70
20. handheld to the desktop computer was the second major phase of this project In dealing with PDA s there are two customary ways in which the data can be transmitted with a serial connection or via a wireless network 2 7 1 Direct Serial Access Data can be transmitted from the PDA to Host with Server Application a desktop computer via a serial connection known as Direct Serial Access The PDA is placed in a cradle PDA with Serial Cradle or USB Cable o denkiip Figure 6 Direct Serial Access Connectivity computer At this point the HotSync SONY03 manager can run conduits that synchronize data between the PDA and desktop machine See Figure 6 Direct Serial Access Connectivity 2 7 2 Wireless Transmission Worcester Polytechnic Institute s wireless network is based on the 802 11b wireless transmission standard alternatively known as Wi Fi which extends WPI s wired LAN It is a Radio Frequency RF wireless network which is optimal for networking computers over short and medium range distances These distances can range up to several hundred feet depending upon whether or not the signal is being transmitted from an indoor or outdoor location Wi Fi is a non directional technology 20 which means it does not require a line of sight to make a connection See section Figure 7 Wireless Connection Process of a PDA zie Access Point 802 11 RF Transmission LAN Gateway PDA Figure 7 Wireless
21. menu on the device The file launches to a screen listing previous un transmitted entries as well as two buttons a New button and a Submit button Upon selecting New which creates a new incident report the user is taken step by step through all the necessary forms filling them out or skipping them as they wish If the user selects a previous entry by tapping on it they will be brought to a screen with data populated by the previous incident At any point during either process the user may decide to save the form send it to the server or delete it If they save the form it saves that incident report and returns to the list on the main form If they decided to send it it is sent to the server and deleted When an incident report is sent it is immediately translated to XML with a simple function that retrieves that record s information and converts it to an XML string based on the schema It is then sent When Submit is selected the program sends the XML forms to the data transmission system and blocks until an acknowledgement is received If a successful acknowledgement is received for a form the system deletes the data from the PDA If an error is received the system informs the user with instructions on how to resolve the error See Figure 11 High Level Client Side Diagram 3 2 2 2 Creating the Application The client side application was split up into two components a data entry system and a data
22. model fits very cleanly with the hierarchical data model most often found in XML documents BANE00 Thus it is likely that little to no XSLT transformation would be required to import data from XML into an object relational database 2 8 2 Database Implementation An important component of the project is to store the information that is entered into the handheld application and sent to the server Previously EMS used a Microsoft Access database to store the information that is entered by hand from their run sheets This information was entered monthly from run sheets that were stored until entered into the database 2 8 2 1 Database Design The existing database used by WPI EMS had a relational design consisting of three tables call information call type and member information The existing database did not fully account for responder information and tie it to the incident records so that was a necessary addition to the new system Medical privacy requirements dictated special considerations in the database design as well For instance searching for incidents by patient name is prohibited by law 31 2 8 2 1 1 Relational The relational database model is currently the most mature and common data model In the relational model data is organized into relations also called tables Each piece of information about an item is called an attribute column Each instance of an item is stored as a tuple row in the relation Relations ar
23. performing any tasks related to the button it returns to its loop All events on the EIR application pass through this process and all events are triggered in this manner 58 4 1 3 1 Palm Main Function UInt32 PilotMain UInt16 cmd MemPtr cmdPBP Ulnt16 launchFlags Purpose This is the main entry point for the application Parameters UInt16 cmd word value specifying the launch code Mem Ptr cmdPB pointer to a structure that is associated with the launch code Ulnt16 launchFlags word value providing extra information about the launch Result Result of launch Called By Palm OS upon launch of program PilotMain is the standard that must be present for a program to launch Upon launch the PalmOS calls the function and passes the launch parameters 4 1 3 2 EIR Palm Main Function static Ulnt32 EIRPalmMain Ulnt16 cmd Ulnt16 launchFlags Purpose This launches the event handler system Parameters UIntl6 cmd word value specifying the launch code Ulnt16 launchFlags word value providing extra information about the launch Result Result of launch Called By Palm OS upon launch of program This is a standard function that actually launches the event handler system which in turn controls the whole program 4 1 3 3 AppStart Function static Err AppStart void Purpose Get the current application s preferences and initialize variables Parameters N
24. read only or read write Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from the EmsOpenDatabase function in eirDB c In addition to initializing the databases the application must also set up a data storage area called the application info block This area is used to store information pertaining to an entire application as opposed to a single record and must persist across executions of the application In the case of 64 this application the application info block stores the next unique ID to assign the hostname of the server to connect to as well as the port on which to connect to the server Function Err EmsCreateAppInfoBlockForIncidentDB DmOpenRef db Purpose Creates an application info block and attaches it to the given database Parameters db pointer to the database to create info block for Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from the AppStart function in eir c Access to information contained in the application info block is performed through the Data Manager functions so functions were implemented to simplify these operations within the application For instance EmsGetNextUniquelD allows the application to easily find the next unique ID to assign Function Ulnt16 EmsGetNextUniquelD DmOpenRef db Purpose
25. serial connection 3 3 1 3 1 WEP Encryption To ensure the maximum level of security the highest level of WEP that is common between all devices in the wireless system was utilized To maximize your security you should always utilize the highest level of WEP that your hardware supports Sometimes if you use hardware from several different vendors you may find that they support varying levels of WEP In these cases you should use the highest level common to both devices Although generally WLAN products from different vendors communicate with each other just fine enabling WEP is often a way to expose interoperability problems If security is your paramount concern consider getting all of your hardware from a single vendor MORA0O2 Enabling WEP on WLAN equipment is not difficult Any WEP enabled router access point or NIC has a WEP configuration section that allows the developer to specify the type of key they want to use as well as the key itself Most devices enable the developer to specify a key using either ASCII alphanumeric characters or hex numerals 0 9 and A F MORA02 Each device in the wireless system must have identical settings in terms of the key itself and the key length Each device must have WEP enabled otherwise they will not be able to communicate with each other For the NX60 WEP encryption is enabled when a user selects which type of connection they wish to make to their wireless LAN From the main screen th
26. tag This designation is used for character processing After encountering an element tag the parser will generally encounter character data To handle this event the SAX parser calls the characters method Depending upon which tag is the current tag the characters method concatenates each character encountered to the existing data stored in the Incident object under that variable There is some incident data that requires special handling particularly those pieces of data that can have multiple instances per incident One example of this is measurement data For each incident there may be multiple measurements that are taken There is no logical limit to the number of measurements that can be taken for a given incident so a Measurement class was created to store measurement data These Measurement objects are related to the Incident objects through stacks Each time a lt measurement gt tag is encountered by the parser a new Measurement object is pushed onto the Incident object s measurements stack This Measurement object is subsequently populated by the parser as it encounters additional measurement data within the lt measurement gt instance 79 4 3 5 Database Insertion The logic for inserting incident data into the server s database is contained in the Incident object s insertIntoDB method This method opens a Java Database Connectivity JDBC connection to the MySQL database specified by the configuration manager Once
27. used to implement the application set forth in this section 4 Implementation 4 1 Client Application 4 1 1 Application Organization The client side application is divided into two distinct portions data entry and data storage The user interface is designed and implemented as part of the data entry program as well as the system for parsing and displayed entered information The data storage section is simply in charge of handling all requests to the four databases used in this project 4 1 2 Application Operation Overview When the EIR application is launched the user is faced with the main form From this form they may perform four basic operations they may create a new incident report edit an existing incident report update the responders list or set the current server information Figure 11 High Level Client Side Diagram Creating a new application creates a new record in the database and then launches the input section of the program Editing an existing record performs a similar action opening the existing record into the input forms allowing the user to see and edit the data they previously entered 57 Updating the responders list calls the code to retrieve the list of valid responders from the server Editing the server information loads a dialog window that allows the user to enter a server and port number to call on all network calls Once the user is in the input forms they are able to browse sequentially o
28. users permission to a subset of a table s attributes 2 8 2 2 4 SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server is an RDBMS aimed at the midrange relational database server market Microsoft Access provides a mechanism to automatically upsize a database for entry into SQL Server when additional data capacity and features are needed SQL Server provides built in utilities for loading XML documents into the relational database as well as storing XML documents in the database and accessing them in their native format SQL Server only runs on the Windows platform but using its ODBC and JDBC support can be accessed from other platforms One particularly important point about SQL Server is its price 1 489 for a server license with five Client Access Licenses SQL Server like MySQL supports attribute level permissions without a view workaround 34 3 Client Side Application gt Program Launch Y Create Edit Form LA Y T Save Report jeo Y Transmission Request Y XML Data Created Y Send XML Data to Data Transmission Segment Y Delete Block Until Incident Process ACK 4 Transmission Report Confirmed Methodology 3 1 Introduction Data Transmission Find amp Open Net Library Resolve Host Name Open amp Connect Socket Y Data Transmission Send or Receive Wait for ACK lt 4 Y Disconnect amp Close Socket Y Close amp Shutdown Net Library Figure 10 H
29. 11 1 Managing Responders ii A is 119 V2 VIE WI Reports A A a AE A a a Na an 120 11 3 Editing Data ccc iii ri TK WB AYAN RAS ANA NARA A TAA KABAR AN KA KA KENEK dada dais 120 Table of Figures Figure 1 The Sony Cli PEG NX60 SONY038 00e0eo0ene anana anana a nanas anana nana aana a anae e anna a anna anane ene 14 Figure 2 The Ethernet Cradle Connection Process 0 cccssccesssecesecesseceeseeceeneeceaeceesaeeceeneecsueeeeaeeneatees 14 Figure 3 The PEGA W100 cas cezevescc angan A Aga cc inn acia dana A na ganas E ANG cates ANG a saa gina EEE EN iena 15 Figure 4 The Graffiti Area neiccen TE Ek en a Ng ea ERANG NENG DE Se EE GN Ega TENG Sa a Tag Ng ag Gg e aba a ad Ta 17 Figure 5 Palm access frequency ccsccccsssscecesssscecsessececsssnececseaeeeccsesaeeecsesaeeecsesaeeecsesaeeeceesaeseesesaeeeengas 17 Figure 6 Direct Serial Access Connectivity ccccccesccesssecssececeseceesaeceeaeeceeeeecaecseaaecceeesesaecseaaeceeaeeneeeess 20 Figure 7 Wireless Connection Process of a PDA WINTO1 ccecceeseeceseeeseceeeeceeneeceseeeeaaeceeaeeeeeeeees 21 Figure 8 WPI s Wireless Network 0 cccccccesssecesseecsseceesaeceeaeeceeeeecsaeceeaaeccsceeesueceeaaeceeneeceaeeeeaaeceeeaeeeeeeees 22 Figure 9 The Network Protocol Stack WINTOL 00ee00en ooo e eaaa eaaa e naa e anana nana anaa anaa nana anane aane nenen 23 Figure 10 High Level System FloW 0 ccccssccssssecessecessaceeseeeceeeeesaecseaeeceeceecaecsea
30. FAclear _____ Transported by Transported to WPI EMS WPI Police On Scene Name Signature Number Officer Name Number Name Signature Number Officer Name Number I acknowledge that I was offered medical assistance by the Worcester Polytechnic Institute Emergency Medical Services and that I refuse that care I understand that I can call WPI EMS at any time in the future if I choose to do so Patient Signature Witness Signature WPI EMS Attendant Signature Prehospital Care Report faxed to EMS Coordinator F AM PM 93 9 2 Sony Cli NX60 9 2 1 NX60 4 o gt SONY03 94 9 2 2 Sony Cli Launcher TO Sony Cli Launcher cue PTE 7 af YY BICONE 1 Cli Launcher Groups List 2 Favorite Applications 1 J o Incident 3 Home Icon Displays Application Launcher 4 Menu Icon Displays menu of selected Address application 5 Brightness Adjustment Icon Date Book 6 Status Bar 7 Application Manager Icon 8 Application Icon 9 Position Indicator 10 Calculator icon Displays Calculator 11 Graffiti Writing Area 12 Find Icon Displays Find dialog box 13 Graffiti Software Keyboard Icon Displays an on screen keyboard NM To Do List SIGS wae 95 9 3 Server Design Information Incident EMSServer Preferences dbHostName String dbUserName String dbPassw
31. No Basic Life Support Report Est Patents Name Male Female Aga Waight DOB incident Location Patients HOME Addrass STATUS ON ARRIVAL Alert Verbal Pain Combative Unconscious Ares CPR by PD BLS ALS BS Est Anoxic Time HPI Symptoms wOnset Precipitating Events Alert Verbal Uneesponsive CC Suspected Injurias Rasponds To Pain TIME PULSE BP Rasponsa to Treatment Narrative Date AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM Dispatched Responding On Seane Departed Al Hosp Available DOSHQ Contused Pt Denies Complaint Pain Chest Pain from Injury Pain Abdomen Syncope Seizure _ Other Patient How Where Found At ut PEAL Noemal Delayed BY Condition Warm Dry Cool Hot Maoist Color Pink Pale Flushad Cyanotic Ashen Normal TREATMENT Required Attachenents Defibrillation Attach EMT D Form and Code Summary Multiple Patient Incident Attach ICS 201 PRIMARY Crew amp Vehicle Ambulance No w Driver Documantad By oe ae Patients Physician Hospital Angina CHF Hypartension CA of Other CVA COPD Mi Pacemaker Diabetes Distress Yes No Mild Moderate Severe Gradual Onset Apneic Sudden Onset Airway Patent incident Cormnandar EMS Branch Director Triage Treatment Transport Unit Disp by Arived NUA afer BLS Released by pror to BLS with BLS Trealed fietused EMS Hospital Lett at Soan
32. Obtains the next unique ID available for assignment from the application info block Parameters db pointer to the database to create info block for Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from a number of functions in eir c 4 1 4 2 Creating new records When the creation of a new record has been requested by the application EmsNewIncidentRecord is called This function allocates new memory in the database using DmWrite The client can then write to the new record using EmsStoreIncidentRecord New and Store functions also exists for each of the other databases used by the application Each of these functions makes use of the DmWrite call to copy data from the passed record structure into the data manager memory Before writing the memory pointer being written into is locked and the record is marked busy After the write the record is released using DmReleaseRecord Function Err EmsNewIncidentRecord DmOpenRef db incidentRecord record Pu rpose Allocates a new record in the database and increments the next unique ID in the application info block Parameters db pointer to database to create new record in record pointer to record structure to copy into record memory Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from a number of functions in eir c 65
33. OpenRef dbP Purpose Closes a database on the handheld device Parameters dbP Database access pointer Result Returns errNone if there is no error or dmErrInvalidParam if an error occurs Called By This method is called from the GetResponderTable function in EIRXMIT c Function Err DmDeleteDatabase UInt16 cardNo LocalID dbID Purpose Deletes a database and all of its records Parameters cardNo Card number the database resides on dbID Database ID Result Returns errNone if there is no error an error code corresponding to the type of error Called By This method is called from the GetResponderTable function in EIRXMIT c GetResponderTable re opens the responder database using DmOpenDatabase which is discussed in section 4 1 4 above The open database is now empty and ready to accept a new list of responders GetResponderTable updates the list of responders by sending a request string to the server for the responder table SENDRESPONDERS using NetLibSend as mentioned in section 4 2 1 1 5 and then receives the incoming list of responders Each time the function receives the 74 appropriate information for a single responder a new record is created in the responder database on the handheld with that responder s information The responder table is sent as a string of data from the server to the client application
34. P connections GREEO1 Oracle databases also support the ODBC connectivity standard as well as the Java Database Connectivity JDBC standard Oracle offers its products for free download at its site for development purposes only Production licenses start at 400 for the Personal Edition Like Access Oracle provides table level and view level permission granting The same type of workaround as described in the Access section would be used to grant access only to certain 33 attributes of a table using views instead of queries Oracle provides modules to encrypt and decrypt select data before storing it in the database This allows for an extra layer of security to prevent unauthorized access to data at the server level 2 8 2 2 3 MySQL MySQL is an open source RDBMS that like Oracle runs on a variety of platforms MySQL was originally created to fill a void in small range to mid range SQL driven RDBMSes At the time of its creation in the mid 1990s the only SQL driven relational database management systems were those created by companies such as Oracle IBM and Informix These RDBMSes required very large monetary and technology investments KING99 MySQL supports the ODBC connectivity standard as well as the JDBC toolkit for Java applications MySQL supports table level and attribute level permission specification MySQL provides the ability to directly control column read permissions such that no workaround is required to grant some
35. PALM03c 2 6 2 Operating System Current PDAs commonly come with one of two operating systems either the Palm Operating System or Windows Compact Edition CE Currently out of all PDA sales there are about 17 5 million Palm OS users and 2 million Windows CE users PALM03d PDA operating systems are embedded rather than installed as they would be on a personal computer so changing or upgrading a PDA s operating system is difficult for the normal user Both operating systems offer a full developer s kit online developer support emulators simulators and comprehensive debugging tools There is currently an open source command line developing platform for Palm OS while retail software is the only way to program for the Windows CE environment Palm applications are primarily developed in C and Windows CE devices are programmed in a number of languages including C C and Visual Basic A Pixel is the basic unit of programmable color in a computer display or in a computer image infoplease com 2002 16 Windows CE offers a feature set that is currently unrivaled in the PDA world including the native ability to create and edit Microsoft Office documents natively Palm OS offers a smaller feature set but a much larger selection of programs However due to the complexity introduced to the PDA by the rich feature set Windows CE has a much steeper learning curve than the Palm Operating System 2 6 3 Palm Basics
36. REK Project Number REK 0084 EMS Portable Workflow A Major Qualifying Project submitted to the Faculty of WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science by Brian R L Heureux Michael J McHugh Benjamin D Privett Date March 4 2003 Approved Professor Robert E Kinicki Major Advisor Professor Emmanuel O Agu Co Advisor Abstract This Major Qualifying Project automates the process by which Worcester Polytechnic Institute s Emergency Medical Services department handles their incident reporting The system consists of a PDA based component that sends information over WPI s wireless network to a server side component for storage in a database The client side component is written in C for the Palm OS and uses TCP IP and 802 11b to communicate with the server The server written in Java uses JDBC to insert the received data into a MySQL database Table of Contents ADSULACE in A a T ata AEM EUS OIL Roc OH EPIL aS Pag Sac es a AE ect 2 Na AAA SAS 3 Table o Figura than SANA Laa Yaa PANA A ng NY a chien A TET TE BAB aa nga aa GA ad agan 5 1 Introductionis saa AKNG A NGANA EE NA TAN A AN a a ER eae sD haat wk da a aka a ae a 6 2 Literature NENG ii aapa aa daga a kaga Kg aa haa BAS NA Kak A An an pa E a GG ANA BR E EEE BN ka Kaap aa gi kapa gae ak anak kaga ag 8 2 1 Introduction a iio 8 2 2 Emergency Medical Services ccccsc
37. able Server process sendEmail gt XML data gt Status code status strin Client s 9 SMTP Server insertintoDB MySQL DB Figure 23 Server Overview 3 4 1 Data Processing Server The server application is responsible for receiving the connection of the client application This connection serves to receive the run sheet data from the client application Once the data has been received the server application is responsible for communicating with the database management system and instructing the DBMS to insert the run sheet data from the handheld The server application was written in Java This allows complete portability of the application after it has been written Java also has a database connectivity API called Java Database Connectivity JDBC JDBC allows for a common database communication programming interface This will allow the DBMS used to be changed without significant modification to the application Additionally the use of Java allows for a more rapid development of the server application than a language such as 53 C might allow WPI s EMS department also requested the ability to have run sheet data emailed to certain contacts if necessary This is a function that is also provided by the server application by relaying email to an SMTP server for dissemination The server side of the application is responsible for obtaining data sent from the client and storing it in the database Additionally th
38. aeceeneeceeeeesaeceeeeeceeeeees 35 Figure 11 High Level Client Side Diagram sooeeooneson anon one eaaa naen anaa a anana aana a anana na nana n aana aana 39 Figure 12 Main Menu For TA a ANA NA ETAN BNN AR NGGI AN A A NE NE ER 42 Figure 13 An Input Form ito a a aa ana TE A a d Aa ah ge Tah Ka ah aah Ng ial NEG Na Sabah E Ng a a NA Sa dees 43 Figure T4 A TextField nan ang ana a nega aa ANI a Pa Pa AN ga NA a Bg aa a daa AN ena e Tega Nga a nee ag TENG a Ep ang ah aaa en 44 Figure 152A Selector sawan ate 45 Frare lO Push Buttons 581 ak Ka ad O A E aa NG O hee iat 45 Figure 1 7 Checkboxes aas Sana a a aa ii WE AE NANG A a a EE aga e ag oia 45 Figure 18 Database Control Form ss0seseese aseran one on aa eaaa aana aane aana e anana nana n anana anana aana cono no anana 46 Figure 19 Database Entry Roti asana dag aga aa EE nggak aa ag a ETE EEE ad E a BG NG NG a NG ad Ka a 46 Figure 20 Connection Process ie s cicscccocseassdcescuctescteabscctivuctccedeastscenunede NT eag AN ag aaa ag eigo inie eeo ieee eni 47 Figure 21 Sending an Incident Report cccscccccsssscecsessececsessececsessececsesececsesaececsessececesesaeeecsesaaeeeneaas 49 Figure 22 Receiving the Responder List ccccccccssscccesssececeessececesesececsesececseaeeecsssaeeecesesueeecsesaeeeneaas 50 Figure 237 Server Overview A NN 53 Figure 24 Files loaded by the configuration Manage ccccccssseceesseceeseeceeeeeesaeceeaneceeeeeeseeeea
39. aecenees 76 Figure 25 Web Interface Main Menu ccccccesssccsseceesseceeseeceeceecaeceeaaeceeacecesaeceeaaeceeaeeceseeeeaaeceeaaeeeeneees 82 1 Introduction Personal Digital Assistant PDA technology has grown considerably since it was first created in 1996 allowing users to organize their personal and professional lives in a simplistic and portable fashion Many of these users rely on their handheld devices to perform tasks such as keeping track of schedules and appointments managing data such as address books and memo notes and recently communicating via peer to peer networks These powerful devices provide an ease of use and convenience desired by users With their increase in popularity and demand PDA technologies have needed to keep up with the ever changing technologies around them The rapid growth of both wireless networking and handheld systems are allowing people to communicate with greater convenience Evolution in peer to peer networks has given rise to more possibilities for handheld computer communication A virtually untapped technology wireless connectivity by way of a PDA gives users the ultimate advantage for communication that is they can communicate over the Internet without being confined to a single point of access Personal Digital Assistants already play a role in the day to day operations of the Emergency Medical Services EMS Work schedules can be managed medication information can be accessed and me
40. alm OS Net Library provides the Sockets API which provides a Sockets interface to the developer as a system library Sockets lie between the application and the protocol stack and minimize the dependence that the application has on its underlying protocol stack The Sockets interface provides an abstraction of receiving data from or sending it to a remote host that allows the Network Application Developer to treat this connection as just another stream of information The Sockets API emulates the Unix file I O API that it was derived from WINT01 Connections in the Palm OS adhere to the general sockets model However there is one limitation There are only four sockets that are available for all processes running on a device Palm OS devices are meant to perform only one specific networking task at a time WINTO1 To connect to a socket the application opens a socket and makes sure there is network access The remote host will at that point either accept or reject the connection The lifetime of a socket can be summarized into five simple steps First the socket is opened The socket then connects Data is exchanged between hosts The socket is disconnected and finally the socket is closed 2 7 3 Security Security is a major issue when sending medical information over a network Security becomes even more of an issue when dealing with information sent over a wireless network Since the data is being sent through the air it is su
41. amp mSQL Sebastopol CA O Reilly Associates McClure Steve 1997 August Object Database vs Object Relational Databases IDC Bulletin 14821E http www cai com products jasmine analyst idc 14821E htm 89 MORAO2 MUENO2 PALMO3a PALMO3b PALM03c PALM03d PALM08e PALMO3f PALM038g PALMO3h SMITO1 STANO2 STRE02 SONY03 TANE03 ULLM97 VOTS02 Moran Joseph 2002 November 6 Wireless Home Networking Part III Wi Fi Security 802 11 planet com http www 80211 planet com tutorials article php 1495811 Muench Steve 2002 Building Oracle XML Applications Sebastopol CA O Reilly amp Associates Conduit Development 2003 http www palmos com dev tech conduits Palm OS 5 Development Overview 2003 http www palmos com dev support docs palmos50 Palm OS Application Design 2003 http www palmos com dev support docs ui UlI_Design html Palm OS 2003 http www palmsource com palmos Palm Ethernet Cradle FAQ 2003 http www palm com support enterprise ecradle_faq html Palm User Interface Guidelines 2003 http www palmos com dev support docs uiUlGuidelinesTOC html Palm API Reference 2003 http www palmos com dev support docs palmos ReferenceTOC html PDB and PRC Database Formats 2003 http www palmos com dev support docs fileformats PDB_PRCFormat html t939350 Smith Megan 2001 N
42. an event without an event handler it calls AppHandleEvent which sets up the event handler If the form is defined the program sets its handler and returns true If the form does not find the form it throws a fatal error and returns false Every form in the program must be included in this function to be displayed properly and to have its events handled 60 4 1 3 7 Event Handlers Function static Boolean MainFormHandleEvent EventPtr eventP Purpose This function handles events for any function whose event handler is set to MainFormHandleEvent Parameters event a pointer to an EventType structure Result True if handled Called By AppEventLoop Function static Boolean InputFormHandleEvent EventPtr eventP Purpose This function handles events for any function whose event handler is set to InputFormHandleEvent This function is the main event handler for the application Parameters eventP a pointer to an EventType structure Result True if handled Called By AppEventLoop These functions attempt to handle events generated by the tapping of the screen Events are passed into the function the function then searches for a matching event definition to handle If the event can be handled here the function returns true if not it returns false These functions are called by AppEventLoop whenever it receives an event 4 1 3 8 Menu Handlers Function static Boo
43. be run on and shared between devices running the two separate operating systems The first series of Palm OS 5 enabled devices on the market was the Sony Cli PEG NX series It was not until Palm released version 3 2 of the Palm OS that handhelds had wireless connectivity The introduction of the Palm VII was the first to have this capability In older versions of the Palm OS the TCP IP communication standard was only available for Palms via a serial or modem connection With the help of wireless cards newer releases of the Palm OS have adopted the TCP IP protocol as a standard in wireless connectivity 13 2 5 Sony Cli PEG NX60 The Sony Cli PEG NX60 served as the development platform in this project The handheld device is 5 inches tall 2 7 8 inches wide 11 16 inches deep and weighs approximately eight ounces It features a 200 MHz processor a QWERTY keyboard a wireless communication slot 16MB of RAM and 16MB of ROM The display resolution is 320 x 480 pixels The nonstandard size is due to the combination of a 320 x 320 work Figure 1 The Sony Cli PEG NX60 SONYO03 area and an electronically displayed graffiti area which is typically not part of the display This PDA includes two very important features it runs Palm OS 5 and has a communication slot capable of supporting an 802 11b wireless Ethernet card The only shortcoming of the NX60 at this point is that no Ethernet Cradle has been designe
44. ble to take digital pictures would need to be purchased A memory card would be needed as well to allow for multiple images to be stored 86 The storage and sending of audio files would allow the technician to quickly take notes of a particular incident and send it along with a corresponding incident report Just as in the case of including image files if the ability to store many audio files on the device was desired a memory card would need to be purchased for the device In both the image and audio file scenarios there would need to be an association made to have the appropriate image audio files correspond to the correct incident report There could be multiple images audio files sent along with a single report The association of the multimedia files from the databases they are stored in on the device would require a good deal of work but if completed successfully would add much more power to the system 7 Conclusion The goal of this project was to streamline the incident reporting process for the WPI EMS department to lower administrative overhead The EMS Portable Workflow system successfully implemented a design based on the client server model utilizing personal digital assistant technology to implement the client side component Data is transported from clients to the server using wireless technology The server receives the data from the network and inserts it into a database management system Working with such new te
45. bufP buffer flags One or more netIOFlagxxx flags fromAddrP Pointer to buffer to hold address of sender NetSocketAddrType fromLenP On entry size of fromAddrP On exit actual size of returned address in fromAddrP toLen Size of toAddrP buffer timeout Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return value is 1 Result Returns number of bytes successfully received Returns 0 if the socket has been shut down and 1 if an error occurred errP contains the error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c SendData takes the status and acts upon it accordingly If status comes back as successful the record corresponding to the incident record XML string is deleted as there is no need for it to remain in the handheld s database If status codes 2 through 6 are received the information was received correctly but either it is invalid or there was an error on the server s end in trying to parse the data 72 In these cases the record will remain the database on the handheld which allows for the user to try sending it again If status codes 5 or 6 are received the server did not even try to put the XML data into the database The record will remain in the database on the handheld and the user will be sent to the responder form so that they can enter in the information needed to ensure a valid techni
46. cccessscecesssececesessececssseeeecseseeecseseeeceseseeeecsesaeeecnesaeeeesenaes 8 2 2 1 Existing Portable EMS Systems sasen rere eran tapa ki geng aaa weng awa pa agan aneka aa eirik peh gd kandi 9 2 3 Medical Information Regulations cccssccccsssssceccsssececsessececsessececsessececsesaeeecsesaeeeceesaeeecnsaes 10 2 4 Palm OS History and Overview cccccccsssscccssssscecsessececsessneeecsesseeecssaeeecsesaeeecsesaeeecseseeeseees 12 2 5 Sony Ch PH GENX AA RN 14 2 5 1 PEGA WLL0O lt a ina 15 2 6 Client Side Data Edi sees as ae Wah athe A es RS 15 2 6 1 oi s rslntertace A OT 15 2 6 2 Operating sti 16 2659 Pal Bases e a e e LA 17 2 6 4 Palm Application ica io ibi 18 2 6 5 Formatting Data for Transmissi0N ccoooooccnonocononononnnononononnnononnnnnononnnnnnnnnnnnnonn nn nnnnnnnnnnnnnss 19 2 7 Data Prans Mission mesdren ex an eet E b Ga ects Gn aab aa AEE aa aa E aga co ad a tse 20 QA Direct Serial AcCOss sisi ana getap ag gan NAN TKA A NE eaaa aa ka an ag da TA Kg ga eeraa ana aa pa Ta geng daa ice 20 2 1 2 Wireless TEST SION 555 anaa ag orans ANA AR BAN EN AAN A LAN NG tahoe ABA ANANA A Aga E Ka a as A AE 20 PA SINE 1 AIEE cou ah da Gb aa IIIS oA Na aa sa adan AL ka aa aa ah A AN a a aa A a aka AA 27 2 8 Server Side ProCOSSING sasa yang sandea Ka ra aa an KU eg Ka NA Ya ea ANE Ag KA T e R rata 30 af Data Processing Server ANAN RASAN I A A A ahaa 30 2 8 2 Database Implementation sesioni adeng Penggen a a ah TA
47. ceive data All NetLib and System function are referenced via the Palm API Reference PALMO03g 4 2 1 Wireless Transmission NetLib The transmission component consists of two major functions that are a part of the client application SendData and GetResponderTable Function Ulnt16 SendData Char theXMLString Purpose Sends an XML string incident report to the server and receive an acknowledgement Parameters theXMLString String containing the XML string corresponding to the incident report that is being sent Result Returns status of the transmission 0 6 1 otherwise Called By This method is called from the InputFormHandleEvent function in eir c Function Err GetResponderTable Purpose Gets responder table and stores each record in the responder database Parameters None Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from the MainFormDoCommand function in eir c 68 A collection of Net Library functions are used to give the desired functionality to these functions Each of these Net Library functions is defined in NetMgr h 4 2 1 1 SendData The SendData function sends an XML string containing incident report information It is the function that is called when a user wishes to send an incident report To send the string the Net Library must be opened so the NetLib function calls can be utiliz
48. ch emailed reports should appear to be sent mailtoaddresses txt Addresses to which to send reports serverport txt Port on which to run the server application smtphostname txt Hostname of SMTP server to use for sending email reports smtpauth txt SMTP username and password Figure 24 Files loaded by the configuration manager To access configuration settings users of the Preferences class must use get lt PrefItem gt methods which return the requested information Function void loadAllPrefs Purpose Loads all preference settings from configuration text files Parameters None Result None Called By This method is called from EMSServer s constructor Function void loadDBHostName String fileName Purpose Loads the database hostname to be used to connect to the MySQL database Parameters fileName name of the file containing the data Result None Called By This method is called from the loadAllPrefs function 76 4 3 2 Handling connections The EMSServer class is responsible for managing the continuing operation of the server Upon creation by the server application s main method the EMSServer class creates a ServerSocket object which listens for incoming connections on port 1612 When a connection request is received by the server a new Connection object is created which runs on a new thread The Connection object then waits for input from the client If t
49. chnologies presented interesting challenges during the execution of the project due to the limited amount of knowledge available Overcoming these challenges required innovative techniques to be employed as well as modifications to the scope of the project Another major challenge stemmed from the process of connecting such a variety of diverse technologies Personal digital assistant and wireless transmission technologies continue to grow The system is adaptable to newer developments as they emerge due to the use of platform independent technologies It is the hope of the authors that the EMS Portable Workflow System provides long and 87 useful service to the WPI EMS department and may someday be expanded to serve other EMS departments 88 8 References BACH02 BANE00 CHIP00 FOST02 GAMM95 GEIE02 GREEO1 GRIM98 HEDR87 INFO02 KIBBOla KIBBO1b KING99 MCCL97 Bachmann Glenn A Survey of Wireless Options for Palm Developers Earthweb Networking and Communications Accessed October 26 2002 http softwaredev earthweb com wireless article 0 10836_1480501_2 00 html Banerjee Sandeepan Vishu Krishnamurthy Muralidhar Krishnaprasad and Ravi Murthy 2000 February 28 March 16 Oracle 8i The XML Enabled Data Management System Proceedings 16 International Conference on Data Engineering San Diego CA IEEE 2000 561 569 Chipman Mary Andy Baron Chris Bell Michael Kaplan Paul Litw
50. cian is using the device 4 2 1 1 7 Disconnecting the Socket When the socket is no longer needed it is disconnected using the NetLibSocketShutdown function which tells the network protocol stack that the application is finished with the network connection SendData shuts down the socket in both directions Function Int16 NetLibSocketShutdown Ulnt16 libRefnum NetSocketRef socket Int16 direction Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Receive data from a socket into a single buffer Parameters libRefnum Reference number to the Net Library socket Descriptor for the open socket Direction Direction to shut down timeout Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return value is 1 Result Returns O upon success and 1 if an error occurred errP contains the error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 4 2 1 1 8 Closing the Socket With the socket shut down it is no longer needed At this point SendData closes the socket with NetLibSocketClose This closes the socket and releases all of the resources that the socket was using Function Int16 NetLibSocketClose UInt16 libRefnum NetSocketRef socket Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Closes a socket Parameters libRefnum Reference number to the Net Library socket Descriptor for the open socket timeout
51. cket of data it receives It passes the data to the physical layer or network adapter The network adapter writes the packet to the network medium as a stream of bits In the case of wireless technology this network medium would be in the form of radio signals At the remote host this process is reversed The network adapter translates bit streams on the network medium into data This data is passed up the network protocol stack As the packet travels up the protocol stack each layer removes the header information added to the packet by its corresponding protocol on the server If the data is fragmented it is reassembled WINT01 2 7 2 2 TCP IP Originally developed by a community of researchers centered on the ARPAnet the Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol suite TCP IP has become a standard in data transmission between computers that share resources across a network TCP and IP are the two protocols that make up the Internet protocol suite TCP is responsible for verifying the correct delivery of data from a client to a server in a network connection A server is a system that provides a specific service to the network A process on a server listens to a port to get incoming requests from a client A client is another system that uses that service and sends requests to a specific port TCP is a connection oriented transport protocol That is they acknowledge received packets resend them if they are not acknowl
52. could occur A number of devices could have carried out the functionality of this project However the NX60 comes with a few key parts that give a great deal of usability to the user It is equipped with a 36 QWERTY style keyboard which offers a simple data entry solution for the novice and occasional user as well as the proprietary Graffiti system which has a steeper learning curve but improves overall data entry speed It also has a navigation scroll pad on its left side which allows the user to scroll through different parts of an application without having to touch the stylus to the screen While holding the device in their left hand the user can easily scroll and use the stylus for other interactions with the screen at the same time such as toggling between applications and selecting parts of an application The NX60 also has a built in voice recording unit This may be advantageous to the technician if they need to record a message needed later to remind them of something that went on at an accident scene This is a much faster way of taking notes since there would be no need to have to write them to the device In addition to the sleek usability enhancements provided to the user the NX60 is equipped with a wireless communication slot which allows for an 802 11b wireless card to be installed enabling wireless LAN network capability The ability for the device to be able to connect to a wireless LAN was an essential part of the
53. ct either AM or PM simply tap on the appropriate box 9 5 2 4 3 Patient Status 3 EX md y Status Patient Status Part 3 Location Fuller Labd Skin armpbry CoolfHot oi Color Pink Pale Flushed Pupils X Left PERL amp Right PERL 2 caprei NEKENG 2 1 This Patient Status Form allows the user to enter in the Patients Location Skin Condition and Color Pupil Information and Cap Refill Information Tap the or Y to go to either the previous or next section of the Patient Status Form 111 9 5 2 4 4 Patient Status 4 Status i gt v Status Respiratory Status Distress 1 Mild FET Onset Sudden agi 9 O Apneic O Airway Patent Se gt Patient Status Part 4 This Patient Status Form allows the user to enter in the Patients Respiratory Status Tap the to go to the previous section of the Patient Status Form 9 5 2 5 Medications Form TS UI Medications Medications Form 1 The Medication Form allows you to add New Medications through use of the New button at the bottom of the screen Tap the New button to enter a new type of medication 2 Tapthe or to scroll through the different types of Medications Mew Medication Medication Marne Penicillin New Medication Form 1 Enter the name of the medication into the text field and tap the OK button APA 11 y Medications Penicillin Medications F
54. ctivates them with a tap which pulls up an appropriate form and when the data is entered on the field the text in the selector is set to the entered data These components are most often used to access standard palm components but may be programmed any way the developer sees fit In the EIR program however they are only used to access date and time selection forms See Figure 15 A Selector 3 2 2 5 2 3 Push Buttons When a set number of choices exist for a field and the user must only Gender GF select one the push button is the ideal choice A text field surrounded Figure 16 Push Buttons by a solid box when this box is tapped it turns solid black with whit text indicating selection Push buttons may be set so that only one choice in a developer defined group may be selected at a time selection of a new button un highlights the previous selection These push buttons are very convenient for the user as they present a quick method of entering data as well as a large target to tap on While push buttons can be used to select multiple values to eliminate user confusion they are only used as radio style buttons See Figure 16 Push Buttons 3 2 2 5 2 4 Check Boxes O Verbal Check boxes provide a method to select multiple pre defined choices as Confused i sa f Figure 17 Checkboxes opposed to push buttons which this program utilizes only as radio buttons Check boxes are represented as a small box next to
55. d Length 10 L Yes or No L Yes or No C Fixed Length 30 C Fixed Length 1 L Yes or No C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Fixed Length C Large Length C Fixed Length L Yes or No C Fixed Length L Yes or No T Date N Unsigned Integer C Fixed Length 20 C Fixed Length 15 30 10 15 15 15 30 15 15 97 9 4 EMS Acceptance Letter To whom it may concern On behalf of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute Emergency Medical Services department I would like to thank the EMS Portable Workflow MQP group for their work in creating a system that will greatly ease our daily workload I hereby formally recognize this project as meeting our original specifications 2 Gutmann 98 9 5 Users Manual For OS 5 and device specific problems please refer to the Read This First Operating Instructions booklet supplied with the device You may also refer to the official Sony Cli Web site at http www sony com clie 9 5 1 Installing Application Software For general questions on how to use the Sony Cli software please refer to the Sony Read This First Operating Instructions manual that comes with the device 9 5 1 1 Installing Sony Cli Desktop Software To install the Emergency Incident Reporting Application on the Sony Cli Sony Cli Palm OS specific software must be installed on a PC to which the NX60 s Hotsync cradle is attached Insert th
56. d for it In the event WPI s wireless network goes down there will be no way for technicians to upload data using a Cli series handheld device until the network is h h Ethernet running again If another device were to be used that was compatible with an Ethernet LAN Gateway Cradle Ethernet cradle cable the data Figure 2 The Ethernet Cradle Connection Process could be sent through a WINTO1 Graffiti is a software system on the Palm s screen that converts a special type of shorthand into text Used for inputting data on the handheld device 14 wired connection to any Ethernet access point much like most laptops have See Figure 2 The Ethernet Cradle Connection Process The following models are currently compatible with Ethernet Cradles Palm III Series Palm VII Handheld IBM WorkPad 20X and 30X Handhelds Franklin Covey family of Handhelds except the Palm V Series Symbol Technologies SPT 1500 Handhelds PALMO3e Design is underway for Palm OS 5 devices to be compatible with Ethernet cradles cables When this effort is completed most Sony Cli series models will be able to send and receive data through an Ethernet cable as well as a wireless connection See Figure 1 The Sony Cli PEG NX60 and section 9 2 for further images of the NX60 2 5 1 PEGA WL100 The PEGA WL100 is the standard issue wireless network card for the Cli series This card provides access to the Internet t
57. d functionality but only by purchasing multiple components of the system and integrating them This system is aimed at larger EMS organizations 2 3 Medical Information Regulations In the interests of protecting patient privacy the federal government has developed guidelines for the handling of medical information These standards are relevant to the project in regards to the manner in which information is entered transmitted and stored The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 also known as HIPAA contained new provisions intended to protect medical information Most of these standards apply to the transfer of data between entities however some of the standards may be applicable to the project in terms of protecting the output of the system There are multiple facets of the HIPAA that health care organizations have to address The portions of the HIPAA regulations that affect this project are those relating to security The regulations cited in this section come from the proposed rule from the Department of Health and Human Services HHS HHS has yet to issue the final rule with regard to the HIPAA security regulations so no compliance deadline has yet been set Once the rules are finalized and published in the Code of Federal Regulations CFR the rules will have a compliance deadline of two years from that date 10 One regulatory term with particular significance to this project is Protected Health Inf
58. d sendResponderTable PrintWriter out Purpose Sends the list of responders to the specified PrintWriter Parameters out PrintWriter to send output to Result None Called By This method is called from the Connection s run method when the client sends SENDRESPONDERS 4 3 4 Parsing XML Data The server s XML parsing component is based on the Java based Simple API for XML SAX This API is based on a Java interface that users of the API are responsible for implementing This interface is equivalent to requiring that users implement handlers for each event the parser encounters while reading the XML For instance when the parser encounters the start of an XML 78 tag it calls the startElement method that is implemented by the API user This allows the user of the API to deal with the XML events as appropriate To store the information obtained from parsing the XML data received from the client the server application contains an Incident object The Incident object contains fields for data storage and operations relating to individual incident reports When the startElement method is called it determines the name of the tag found If the tag name is one of those that requires special treatment i e has attributes that need to be handled that handling is done within the startElement function In the server application this tag is then set as the current
59. d2 MemHandle appInfoH Purpose Determines the sort order of two incident records Parameters r1 pointer to the first record structure being compared r2 pointer to the second record structure being compared Result 1 if record Is unique ID is greater than that of record 2 1 if record 2 s unique ID is greater than that of record 1 Called By This method is called from EmsDeleteIncidentRecord in eirDB c Function Int16 EmsAllergyCompareByIncidentNum void rl void r2 Int16 unusedInt16 SortRecordInfoPtr unusedl SortRecordInfoPtr unused2 MemHandle appInfoH Purpose Determines the sort order of two allergy records Parameters r1 pointer to the first record structure being compared r2 pointer to the second record structure being compared Result 1 if record 1 s incident number is greater than that of record 2 1 if record 2 s incident number is greater than that of record 1 0 if the records incident numbers are equal Called By This method is called from EmsDeleteAllergyRecord in eirDB c 66 4 1 4 4 Record deletion Record deletion is a relatively simple process When a record needs to be deleted EmsDeleteIncidentRecord is called This function calls the built in DmDeleteRecord function and calls DmQuickSort to sort the deleted record to the end of the database Function Err EmsDeleteIncidentRecord DmOpenRef db UInt16 index Purpo
60. dical texts can be stored and accessed through the use of handheld devices STREO2 As current technologies stand no reasonably affordable system exists that allows EMS technicians to transfer data from a handheld device by way of a wireless medium Prior to the implementation of the EMS Portable Workflow System the Worcester Polytechnic Institute EMS group like most EMS groups still did its most common task of incident reporting on paper In automating this task the job of the Emergency Medical Technician EMT is simplified Rather than carrying around a clipboard and a stack of forms they can now carry a small PDA The As opposed to the client server model there are no fixed clients and servers in a peer to peer network TANE03 goal of this MQP is to provide a service for the EMS group that would make their extremely important jobs easier Using the new system EMTs enter incident information on a PDA This information is stored until a wireless network connection is established at which point it is sent to a server The server is responsible for storing the incident data in a database that is accessible for EMS reporting needs and sending the incident data via email to specified users This system has unique capabilities in the current state of EMS portable technology that provide the EMS technician with the ability to submit an incident report over a wireless network Utilizing the most recent advances in handheld techno
61. e Palm Application Compatibility Environment PACE which allows developers an easier migration path to the new hardware It is also accompanied by a new development tool the Palm OS Simulator which allows developers to test and debug applications on a desktop system that has a window with a device running Palm OS 5 The Simulator is an implementation of Palm OS 5 running natively as a Windows application The new operating system also includes a strong set of standard Security Application Programming Interfaces APIs for 128 bit RC4 SHA1 and RSA verify cryptography algorithms as well as Secure Sockets Layer SSL 3 0 TLS 1 0 service WINTO1 Applications running with PACE benefit from increases in speed and screens of high density because the operating system and PACE are written in native Advanced RISC Machine ARM code The ARM is a processor family that is essentially a Reduced Instruction Set Computer RISC The biggest single change in Palm OS 5 is that it runs on a new hardware platform using ARM compliant processors from industry leaders such as Intel Motorola and Texas Instruments This allows dramatic improvements in speed and capability for the platform and the software that developers can create while maintaining the low cost power efficiency simplicity of use and form factor that have made Palm OS devices overwhelmingly popular PALMO3b PACE also allows for Palm OS 4 0 compatible applications and data to
62. e String ncidentNum int 0 patientNameFirst String patientNameMiddle String patientNameLast String gender String eight String dob String address1 String address2 String ity String state String ountry String zip String piStudent String pilD String piBox String priority String location String onArrival String omplaint String onset String owFound String edStack Stack edDeniedBy String edUnknown String allergyStack Stack allergyDeniedBy String allergyUnknown String physicianNameFirst String physicianNameMiddle String physicianNameLast String ospital String istoryUnknown String istoryDeniedBy String angina String ypertension String pacemaker String diabetes String istoryOther String skinCondition String skinColor String pupilsPERLR String pupilsPERLL String pupilsDescription String apRefill String espiratoryDistress String espiratorySeverity String espiratoryOnset String apneic String airwayPatent String espiratoryDescription String easurementStack Stack arrative String esponderStack String alert String erbal String pain String onfused String ombative String nconscious String nresponsive String arrest String deniesComplaint String hestPain String earSyncope String njuryPain String syncope String espiratory String seizure String otherComplaint String othe
63. e Hama Disposition Transported To Transferred Care Tima Armedical Emargency Am Stalf Other EMS Service QA Review By 92 9 1 2 WPI s Existing Call Sheet Worcester Polytechnic Institute Emergency Medical Services Date Patient Priority Distress 1 Severe 2 Moderate 3 Mild Dispatch Location Patient Name WPI ID DOB Sex M F Age WPI Box Dorm Room Address if not WPI Mechanism of Injury History Narrative on present illness injury continue on back if necessary Past Pertinent History Check here if continued on back Medications 1 2 3 4 5 Allergies NKDA 1 2 3 4 5 Vital Signs Unable to obtain Not attempted Time BP HR RR HR Regular Weak Bounding Thready Irregular RR Clear Wheezing Labored Shallow Absent Skin Hot Warm Cool Cold Pale Flushed Cyanotic Normal Dry Pupils R PEARL Unreactive Dilated Constricted Slow L PEARL Unreactive Dilated Constricted Slow Emergency Care Oxygen _____LPM via NRB NC BVM Blow by Suction Bandaging Spinal Immobilization Ventilation Ice Heat Packs circle one CPR Airway insertion Splinting Psychological Other Times Call Dispatch Onscene ______ Clear scene Est total time _ EA called EAonscene ____
64. e had their MAC addresses added to that network s MAC table will be able to get onto the network MORAO2 Like all networking devices the wireless card used in this project has a unique MAC address encoded into its memory Wi Fi routers and access points that support a technique known as MAC filtering allow the developer to specify a list of MAC addresses that may connect to the access point using the MAC Access Control List ACL which limits the wireless connection to only those Wi Fi radios whose MAC addresses are directly permitted to connect to the access point This method is similar to blocking a telephone call MORAO2 If a foreign wireless radio with a MAC address that is not in the table tries to establish a connection it will be rejected by the access point WIFI02 This feature that deals with the issue of unauthorized access is known as MAC filtering MORA02 2 7 3 2 Secure Sockets Layer SSL Digital certificates encrypt data using Secure Sockets Layer SSL technology SSL is an industry standard method for protecting Web based communications that was developed by Netscape Communications Corporation The SSL security protocol provides data encryption server authentication message integrity and optional client authentication for a TCP IP connection There are two common strengths of SSL 40 bit and 128 bit Strength refers to the length of the session key generated by every encrypted transaction The longer the se
65. e Palm OS can be extended to use several types of languages but these must be further interpreted and can cause a needless reduction in efficiency The most common development tool used for writing Palm OS applications is Metrowerks CodeWarrior The CodeWarrior Integrated Development 18 Environment IDE contains tools for writing compiling linking and debugging source code The Constructor for the Palm OS which is also included in the CodeWarrior Package is a resource editor with a graphical interface These resources are combined with the source code to create the final program 2 6 4 2 Application Implementation According to the Palm OS User Interface Guidelines The Palm handheld is fast to use and easy to learn Because the handheld s main purpose is to make it easy to organize and manage your life it requires a minimal learning curve Users must be able to pick up a Palm Powered handheld and with no training or instruction navigate between applications without getting stuck and execute basic commands within five minutes PALM03c This has several implications for the client side application but the biggest is the impact of perceived speed Due to the number and frequency of accesses on a PDA users do not want to wait for a command to execute Optimizing an application for this kind of use is important for a satisfied user Figure 5 illustrates common user access profiles for Palms versus PCs Another key goal in app
66. e Sony Cli Installation CD ROM Version 1 0 for PEG NX70V U and NX60 U into your CD ROM drive The following menu will appear 99 Palm Desktop for CLI D gt Cesta Transfer your data between your CLIE handheld and your PC Include Intellisync Lite 4 0 to synchronize your calendar and contact data CLIE Add ons QIB e eee eC instal Install Sony CLI system files and utility software onto your CLIE handheld Click on the Install button highlighted in RED to install the Cli desktop software on your machine 9 5 1 2 Installing Wireless Card Software For the PEGA WL100 to work correctly with the Sony Cli NX60 Wireless Card Software must be installed to the device Insert the Sony Cli Installation CD ROM Version 1 0 for Wireless LAN Card PEGA WL100 into your CD ROM drive The following menu will appear 100 Meca UM Wits eae nd ne alee Install the driver necessary to use the Wireless LAN Card Acrobat Reader 0 0 b o o no Install Adobe Acrobat Reader View Manual 0 0 0 09 Click on the Install button highlighted in RED to install the Cli Wireless Card software on your machine which will eventually be installed on the device 101 9 5 1 3 Installing the Emergency Incident Reporting Application Use the following instructions to install the Emergency Incident Reporting application EIR prec 1 Insert the EMS Portable W
67. e functions simply take the text from each field and store it in the database 4 1 3 11 Loading Forms Function Boolean InputFormLoadData FormPtr frmP Purpose This routine parses data from the passed form If the form is unrecognized the routine throws a fatal exception Parameters TmP pointer to the current form Result None Called By InputFormHandleEvent Similar to InputFormParseData this function simply calls the appropriate function to load the current information with the stored data if any exists 4 1 4 Writing to the Palm Databases The Palm OS requires that all accesses of persistent memory be performed through the Data Manager functions to protect the integrity of the data As such there is some overhead that is required when manipulating records in the databases A number of functions were implemented to handle this overhead so that the database implementation details can be ignored in the other parts of the application The Palm Data Manager provides a variety of functions including functions to retrieve a handle to a record based on its database reference and index to delete a record using the same information and to create new records in the database All writing to a database must be performed through the 63 DmWrite call which ensures that a record has been locked for editing and that it is in a valid location These functions form the basis of the project s databas
68. e helper functions 4 1 4 1 Creating the databases When the application starts for the first time it must create the four databases that it uses To do this a call is made to EmsOpenDatabase If the database does not yet exist the database is created otherwise the database is simply opened and the DmOpenRef passed to the function is set to point to the opened database The DmOpenRef type is an important component of using the Data Manager Once a DmOpenRef has been initialized using EmsOpenDatabase it stays pointed to its original database and can be used perpetually to access that database Nearly all database functions take a DmOpenRef as an argument Function Err EmsOpenDatabase DmOpenRef dbP char emsDBName UInt16 mode Purpose Opens a database with the given name If the database does not exist the database is created and opened Parameters dbP database pointer to use to access the database after it has been opened emsDBName name to apply to the new database mode mode to open the database in read only or read write Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from the AppStart function in eir c Function Err EmsCreateDatabase char emsDBName Ulnt16 mode Purpose Creates a database with the given name Parameters emsDBName name to apply to the new database mode mode to open the database in
69. e related to each other using primary keys and foreign keys stored in attributes of a tuple ULLM97 2 8 2 1 2 Object relational The object relational model is a relatively new data model that combines the object oriented programming approach with the relational data model Abstract data types ADTs can be defined and relations are defined as instances of those types These ADTs are included in the SQL3 specification One aspect of pure object orientation OO that is missing in ADTs is the encapsulation provided by the public methods in OO programming ADTs may be accessed by any valid SQL3 queries and their access is not restricted by predefined methods ULLM97 2 8 2 2 DBMS Selection To facilitate the transfer of data into a database using the methods described in section 2 8 1 1 it was necessary to select a new database management system Factors such as platform scalability XML translation capability and cost were considered in this selection Additionally reporting capabilities are important to the customer although that decision may be isolated from DBMS selection Due to the sensitive nature of the data being stored in the database each DBMS s security capabilities were important The security features provided by the selected DBMS influenced the project s data design 32 2 8 2 2 1 Microsoft Access Microsoft Access is a relatively simple and small scale database system Its primary focus is on desktop use
70. e server is responsible for providing status to the client application so that the client can act appropriately based on the status sent The server application listens for connections from the client application Once a connection has been requested a secure socket is created Through the secure socket the client transfers an XML file to the server After the XML file has been transferred the socket remains open so that the server may provide final status to the client While the socket is open the server processes the received XML data It stores the XML file either as a Java object The server application then parses the XML file to convert it to a Java object an IncidentReport a special class defined in this project Once the data from the XML file has been converted to Java objects the server formulates SQL statements that insert the run sheet data into the EMS database After having formulated the SQL the server opens a JDBC connection to the EMS MySQL database using the MySQL driver It then sends the queries that update the database The server must provide confirmation to the client that the data has successfully been added to the database the server process must verify that the data exists in the database If the database insert was successful the server sends a success acknowledgement back to the client and the connection is closed If there was an error during the insert or receipt of data an error code and description is also
71. e user can open the Preferences menu They can furthermore select Network Preferences in which they can select a type of connection give that particular connection an ID and choose which level of WEP encryption to enable as well as set 51 the WEP key In this project the highest level of WEP encryption that the NX60 would support 128 bit was used 3 3 1 3 2 SSL Encryption SSL encryption acts as a second layer of encryption to protect the data being sent from the wireless access point to the database server and from the HotSync to the database server Because SSL is built into all major browsers and Web servers simply installing a digital certificate turns on their SSL capabilities SSL encryption was not implemented in this project because was not applicable for two reasons One of the major requirements of this project is to have incident report information sent to an appropriate EMS contact via email once it has been stored in the EMS database Since WPI does not have an SSL enabled SMTP email server there is no point in enabling SSL because once the email is in transit it is vulnerable to any type of interception 52 3 4 Server Side Processing The project required server side support to enable the common storage of EMS run sheet data This support consists of a server application and relational database implementation See Figure 23 Server Overview SENDRESPONDERS gt lt EMSServer sendResponderT
72. ect a Gender by using the stylus hd ANANG IN UI Info Last Marne Smith First Marne Robert Address 1 100 Institute Road Address 2 City Worcester State MA Zip Code 01609 Setting the Date of Birth To set the Date of Birth tap on the Select DOB option on the form A Set Date Form will appear after tapping on Select DOB 20 21 22 23 24 25 27 28 29 30 Set Date Of Birth Box Menu Tap the 4 and arrows to select the appropriate year Tap the appropriate month and day and you will be returned to the Patient Information form in which you were currently work 109 9 5 2 3 2 Patient Information 2 Pera ni UI Info O WPI Student Patient Information Form Part 2 First Name Christopher Last Marne Elliot Hospital ET WPIID 123456789 1 The Patient Information Form allows the user to enter in the WPIBox 1234 Patients Name Gender Date of Birth Weight and Address Patients Physician 2 Tapping the down arrow in the lower left hand corner will take First Name Christopher you to the next part of the Patient Information Form Last Name Elliot Hospital Patient nfo ew info Selecting the WPI Student Check Box WPIID 123456789 1 Ifthe patient is a WPI student tap the box next to WPI WPIBox 1234 Student Patients Physician 2 You can only select this text box by using the stylus 9 5 2 4 Patient Status Forms 9 5 2 4 1 Patient Sta
73. ed With the Net Library open SendData can verify a host name and service name and make a socket connection to the server At this point data can be sent or received When finished with all network transactions the socket as well as the Net Library is closed and the status of the transmission is returned 4 2 1 1 1 Find Open Net Library The Net Library must first be found using the SysLibFind system function before it can be opened Function Err SysLibFind const Char nameP UInt16 refNumP Purpose Return a reference number for a library that is already loaded given its name Parameters nameP Pointer to the name of a loaded library refNumP Pointer to a variable for returning the library reference number on failure this variable is undefined Result 0 if no error otherwise sysErrLibNotFound if the library is not yet loaded or another error returned from the library s install entry point Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c When the Net Library has been found it is then opened by calling NetLibOpen This call reads from the network configuration file on the handheld making a physical connection to the wireless medium via one of WPI s wireless access points The function then loads the network protocol stack Function Err NetLibOpen UInt16 libRefnum UInt16 netIFErrsP Purpose Opens and initializes the Net Library Parameters libR
74. edged and reassemble the packets as they were originally sent WINT01 TCP keeps track of what information is sent and in the event there was data that was lost TCP can re transmit the data If any message is too large for one datagram a collection of data to be sent one unit of data TCP has the capability of separating the message into several datagrams and make sure that 24 they all get sent properly The TCP protocol calls on the services of IP The Internet Protocol is responsible for routing individual datagrams Applications using the TCP IP protocol consist of 4 layers HEDR87 an application protocol a TCP protocol that provides services needed by many applications IP which provides the basic service of deciding what routes datagrams take to their destination the data link protocols needed to manage a specific physical medium such as Ethernet or a point to point line In today s wireless world TCP IP protocols are the optimal solution for handheld device network development In the event that there was no acknowledgement from the server TCP s ability to re transmit data is ideal for wireless communication This is especially ideal in the case of this project There may be instances where EMS technicians are sending data and go out of range while sending This is a common problem with the wireless connectivity of handheld devices so if there is no acknowledgement from the server TCP will wait until another connec
75. edit it when it is save e display will update wi ppropri Figure 12 Main Menu This method of data access and management provides a quick way to Form 42 view and edit existing reports without bogging the technician down with any unnecessary data To create a new incident the user must select the New button located on the bottom left of the screen This is a standard button and location for Palm applications and will allow the technician to create a new incident with a single tap Creating a new incident will immediately send the user to the first data input screen allowing the user to record data right away Preference commands are located in the drop down menus which can be accessed by tapping on the title of the form or the drop down button located in the graffiti area In the File menu named such since most application use this for important commands users may set the server information or update the list of responders These functions are rarely used but still important which lead to the decision to locate them in an out of the way place 3 2 2 5 2 Input Form Layout The group of forms used to input and edit data known herein as input forms share many components these will be discussed in this section The Last Name First Name standardization was necessary for quick visual recognition of components ende providing for a faster data entry See Figure 13 An Input Form for an City Res
76. een agan E 87 By References ee dstre tee ei a td TG KE RENO 89 9 ADEK aia ag TAN a Aa Ge AD aa tala los pa 92 9 1 Incident Reposo ia 92 91 1 Norwood Gali Sheet naak a a ni RI ta ag ai 92 9 1 2 WP s Existing Call Sheel erreren saa Bn panak Dana ai aa KANEA AA Ta a ta Na NK AR Yaaa ae baa aaa 93 9 2 Sony Ch NX GO in rd 94 o A NN 94 9 2 2 Sony Cli Launcher sentes oran an EEE O dino NA AA KE BAB NAN KAN Ta PES AAN gagana aan nk 95 9 3 Server Design Inform kalana KANG AA E NAN EE NARAR A A id inst 96 9 4 EMS Acceptance Tetera A AA Ka aa a Na naen A Pan ea A A 98 9 5 Users Manual saa A tia 99 9 5 1 Installing Application Software cccccccccssssscesssseceeseaececsessececsesaececsesaeeecseaaeeeeseaeeeesaas 99 9 5 2 Using the EMS Application on the Handheld conooncononocccccnononnnonononononononnnonnnnnnncnnnn 104 10 Server Installation Guide ccccccecssssseceesssecessensececsesaececeeasececeesaececsesaececsesaeeecseaueeecseaaeeeeeneaaes 117 10 1 Server System Requirements ccccccssssscecsssseccecssssececsessececssseeecsesaeeecsesueeecseaeeeeseseeeeeeea 117 10 2 Server Application ic A A A A AAA eag 117 10 3 Database Management SysteM cccoooocccnonocnnonnnoonnnnnnnonnnononononnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nono nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 117 10 4 Web Interface ES 118 TO 5 Access Interface isuk nag anaa AN ei aaa a ol alaa tanta pa a Kagan 119 IL Server Functions ion ii E E EN KE AA AH NAN NI ME KNA ees 119
77. efnum Reference number to the Net Library netIFErrsP First error encountered when bringing up network interfaces Result 0 if no error netErrA lreadyOpen returned if library is already open netErrOutOfMemory not enough memory available to open library netErrNoInterfaces incorrect setup netErrPrefNotFound incorrect setup Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 69 4 2 1 1 2 Verifying Host Name Once the Net Library has been found and opened the next step is to verify a host name This is done by calling NetLibGetHostByName A string variable containing the string location of the host is passed to this function The host address is then stored in a variable which is passed into functions that connect the socket Function NetHostInfoPtr NetLibGetHostByName UInt16 libRefNum const Char nameP NetHostInfoBufPtr bufP Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Looks up a host IP address given a host name Parameters libRefNum Reference number to the Net Library nameP Name of host to look up bufP Pointer to a NetHostInfoBufType struct in which to store the results of the lookup timeout Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return value is 0 Result Returns a pointer to the NetHostInfoType portion of bufP which contains results of the lookup errP contains the
78. elease 2 of its Oracle 9i DBMS dubbed XML DB As such it can retrieve data from both XML documents and relations seamlessly VOTS02 However the usefulness of this capability to this application is limited there is no need to store the data in XML form only to transmit it in that format Oracle s 8i database system approached the XML problem from a middleware approach as opposed to 9i s integrated approach In 8i applications and server components exist to convert XML data to SQL queries and vice versa MUENO2 This approach on its face appears to more closely mirror the needs of the project However it would seem that 9i would offer all of the capabilities of the 8i DBMS product 30 One simple method for loading XML data into Oracle databases beginning with its middleware approach in 8i is to convert the hierarchical XML document into a row column type structure This is commonly done using Extensible Style sheet Language for Transformations XSLT By creating an XSLT document XML data can be converted into a row column structure and loaded into multiple tables in a relational database MUENO2 The Oracle 8i DBMS also offers the ability to store data based on the object relational model as opposed to the simple relational model that is most often found in database management systems For instance object types can be defined and used hierarchically similar to the paradigm of object oriented programming This data
79. emsserverprefs folder to update them based on your environment dbhostname txt Hostname where DBMS can be found dbusername txt Username with which to access DBMS dbpassword txt Password with which to access DBMS dbport txt MySQL port dbname txt Database name within DBMS mailfromaddress txt Address from which emailed reports should appear to be sent mailtoaddresses txt Addresses to which to send reports serverport txt Port on which to run the server application smtphostname txt Hostname of SMTP server to use for sending email reports smtpauth txt SMTP username and password 10 3 Database Management System 1 Download MySQL from http www mysql com 117 Install MySQL using a Typical install After MySQL installation run the command C mysql bin mysqld nt exe install Start the MySQL Windows service in the control panel Runc mysql bin mysql exe In the MySQL window type C emsserver setupemsdb sq1 This will set up the new wpiems database and configure the tables necessary for the server to run properly In the MySQL window type flush privileges Note that in its default configuration MySQL is set up to allow anyone root access to the DBMS If you wish to change this and require a password to access the DBMS run the command SET PASSWORD FOR root PASSWORD newpassword By default the user created to allow the server access to the database is emsapp
80. eral less frequently used commands to be executed Under the File heading the user may delete the incident that they are currently editing while Edit contains the standard edit commands such as copy cut and paste These functions are located out of the way not only to simplify the interface but to prevent accidental activation of the delete command The body of each of the standard input forms contains four standard UI components forms containing the non standard table feature are covered in the next section The four components are text fields selectors push buttons and check boxes Each play a unique part in the system they are described in the following sections 3 2 2 5 2 1 Text Fields Text fields are used to enter text from the graffiti or built in keyboard Last Name Smith They appear as a dotted underline on the form and can be edited by Figure 14 A Text Field tapping with the stylus on the field Text fields are set to hold the maximum number of characters for each field so the user may never overflow the field These fields are used only where it is necessary that the user enter freeform text other data entry methods are preferred since they minimize user keystrokes See Figure 14 A Text Field 44 3 2 2 5 2 2 Selectors Selectors are used to activate features most commonly the date or time i pra selection dialogs Selectors appear as dotted boxes surrounding text Figure 15 A Selector The user a
81. formation This access is controlled by the file permissions of the Web server those pages which can access the personally identifiable information are protected by the Web server s built in security functions 4 3 8 2 Microsoft Access Because of its flexibility and user friendly customization features Microsoft Access was selected as the aggregate reporting tool This will allow the users to create their own reports and customize the existing ones to their needs A PHP only solution would have restricted the changes that could be made and would have increased the technical knowledge required to implement those changes To facilitate the connection to the MySQL database a MySQL ODBC connector must be loaded on the computer that is running Access Once this connector has been installed Access is able to view and manipulate the tables of the database Through this ability users can use Access s report wizards to obtain the information they need In addition to reporting capabilities users may also use Access to administer the responders in the database including performing password resets and adding or removing users 83 5 Testing 5 1 Testing Methodology A variety of testing techniques were employed to ensure proper functionality of the final system The primary method of testing was the entry of a number of test cases that were designed to simulate real world incidents The execution of these tests served to test the entire sys
82. formatting system The data entry system allows the user to enter an incident report all at once or piecemeal and to use their PDA for any other task This necessitated a state saving system which simply upon exit saves the data already input and allows it to be retrieved and completed upon reentry into the system The data the user enters is able to be stored and edited as much as the user 40 desires and will not be sent until the user deems it appropriate As soon as the user instructs the application to submit the data the client application invokes the transmission functions The data formatting system formats the inputted data into appropriate files to be transmitted to the database Using a predefined XML schema the data is transformed into an XML document and then passed on to the data transmission system At this point the system no longer handles the data nor is the user able to edit or change the data unless they do so through to the back end system 3 2 2 3 Storing Data in the Client Application The data entered into the application by the technician is at first stored persistently on the device itself The Palm OS provides a Data Manager which allows for the persistent storage of data between executions of an application Due to the importance of the integrity of the data in the persistent storage areas the Palm OS protects the memory in those areas by requiring any accesses to them to use Data Manager functions T
83. h specific logic and code that is discussed in the following sections See Figure 10 High Level System Flow for a flowchart detailing the flow of data within the system 3 2 Client Side Application 3 2 1 User Friendliness For the application to improve the efficiency of the WPI EMS group it needed to improve on the incident recording system as it existed previously The efficiency and ease of use of the data entry system is essential to the success and acceptance of this program with the EMS corps Careful consideration was given to how the EMS technicians will use the device itself as well as the client side application The design decisions focused on ensuring that the maximum ease of usability is achieved on the part of each technician One goal of the system was that a technician s ability to file a report should not be hindered by either the device or the application 3 2 1 1 Choosing the Device The device selected for this project was done so because it supported all the needs of the EMS technician Since the EMS technicians will be carrying the device around with them while they are on duty they need a device that is both lightweight and durable The Sony Cli PEG NX60 offers both of these features It is extremely durable for a handheld device and weights only 8 ounces 220g If for some reason things become rough for the technician in the field the NX60 s durable structure will protect it from most common accidents that
84. he Palm OS uses a database metaphor to manage access to persistent data A Palm database contains header information and maintains links to records in the database Unlike traditional relational databases the Palm database format does not specify any particular method for accessing components of a record A record is simply a reserved area of memory accessible using an index and a database pointer the API user can define a record in any manner This project defines five databases one to hold each of the following types of information incidents medications allergies vitals measurements and responders The incident database is responsible for storing information pertaining to each incident report submitted including information relating to the incident s transmission status within the system An incident record is defined as a C struct with a number of fields which include a unique within the Palm incident number data entered by users transmission status and submitter security information An allergy record contains the number of the incident with which is associated and the name of the allergy as a string A medication record similarly contains the incident number and medication string The responder 41 database is populated via communication with the server and stores information about the responders that can be associated with an incident 3 2 2 4 Formatting Data for Transmission When the data is ready to be formatted for
85. he client sends the server the line SENDRESPONDERS the Connection invokes the EMSServer s sendResponderTable method which is detailed in section 4 3 3 below If any other input is received the server assumes that the client is sending it an incident report via XML and begins storing the XML data received The character was chosen to flag the beginning and end of server client commands because this character is not reproducible using the Palm s built in Graffiti input system Additionally because the data in each field appears as part of an XML tag a user is not capable of sending the server only the command on a single line If a user is able to copy a pipe character from a HotSync into the field the presence of the XML tags and the escaping of newline characters prevents any user from directly issuing commands to the server When the server receives the line EMS EOF XML it stops listening to client input and creates an XML InputSource object based on the XML string received from the client This process is described in section 4 3 4 below 4 3 3 Managing Responders When requested by the client the server is responsible for sending an up to date list of the responders that are authorized to submit incident reports and respond to incidents To ensure the integrity of the incident reports received each incident report must contain a responder number and the password corresponding to
86. he user to enter measurements of the patient s Vital signs at the scene Time pulse blood pressure respiratory status treatment and who treated the patient are all included in this form When finished tap the OK button Vitals Form after Entry After vital signs have been entered from the New Measurement Form they are displayed in the Vitals Form list 9 5 2 9 Call Type Form Call Type qi Coll Type Call Type Major Medical Minor Medical OB GYN ETOH Em Call Type Form 1 The Call Type Form allows you to enter the type of call that was made 2 To select a type of call simply tap on the appropriate type of call 114 9 5 2 10 Narrative Form Narrative 4 v Norrative Norrative ET Narrative Form 1 The Narrative Form allows you to enter a narrative of the incident 9 5 2 11 Disposition Form Nett UI y Disposition Disposition ICA Refused EMS Transported By EMS ran ERSCARE Disposition Form 1 The Disposition Form allows you to enter the disposition of the patient as when as how the patient was transported 2 To enter a disposition or transport type simply tap on the appropriate box under each heading 115 9 5 2 12 Responder Form Responders Qp v Responders Click to Enter Submitter ID Click to Enter Responder 1 Click to Enter Responder 2 Click to Enter Responder 3
87. hrough an access point which enables users to do things such as browse the Web send email and even synchronize data with their desktop PCs The WL100 provides 128 bit WEP encryption for data that is transferred over the wireless medium See Figure 3 The PEGA WL100 Figure 3 The PEGA WL100 2 6 Client Side Data Entry SONY03 2 6 1 User Interface Due to the size limitations of PDAs designing an effective user interface UI is an important and challenging task because restrictions exist on the amount of information and controls that can be 15 displayed on the screen Palm OS enabled devices commonly come in two resolutions most often 160 x 160 pixels or 320 x 320 pixels Palm applications also called thin clients are made with forms that can include many user interface components such as text fields command buttons and drop down menus Forms may be larger than the display in the vertical direction as vertical scrolling is a built in capability however the forms may not exceed the horizontal resolution Palm UIs should above all be simple and consistent with other Palm applications Due to the low resolution users will often determine a button s function through location and shape before reading the label As Palms have been shown to produce eye strain after 10 minutes of prolonged use a well designed interface is essential to eliminating unnecessary strain and to minimize time spent using the application
88. ield One of the primary obstacles faced in the design process was making a robust application that fulfilled these needs The data entry system follows as closely as possible the format set forth by the EMS former system while some changes were necessary to make the conversion from paper to PDA a successful one The data fields set forth in the application mirror the data fields present in the paper system and improve on that system by automating various data entry tasks such as date entry and the recording of on site personnel 38 Emergency Incident Reporting Client Side High Level Diagram Start Application 4 gt Load Main Form Incidents y Retrieve Full Record Display Existing Incident List Y y E ai Edit Existing Edit Existing or Create New Incident iat Create New User Edits Incident Save Submit or Delete Incident E Save Incident Submit Incident Send Incident to Server 802 11b Retrieve Existing List Existing cidents Add New Record Edit and Retrieve Related Data Delete Incident Save Incident and Related Data Figure 11 High Level Client Side Diagram gt gt lt Incident Database Medication Database gt a Allergy Database Measurement Database Responders Database Delete Incident and Related Data 39 3 2 2 1 Client Side Application Narrative To use the application the user selects the icon representing the EMS program from the main
89. igh Level System Flow Server Side Application gt Host Socket Reveive XML Y Store XML Y Convert XML to Java Objects Form SQL Queries Y Open JDBC Connection Y Send Queries Y Verity Data Y Send Data via Send Status Email Based on the information obtained from the literature review certain technologies were chosen with which to implement the system with an eye toward the WPI EMS group s requirements The methods and technologies used are discussed in the next section A high level approach to the system is quite simple to understand A client application is created for the Palm OS 5 operating system and resides on the handheld device This application is responsible for collecting user input through the various forms it presents to its user It is then responsible for storing the input from the user in a database that is created on the device The user has the option of 35 transmitting each incident report record in the database to the EMS Server via two methods One method is by way of direct serial access HotSync the other is by way of wireless transmission Once the data is received by the server it is then parsed and inserted into the EMS database The overall design breaks down into three major components the Client side Application Data Transmission component and the Server side processing component Each component of the system is comprised of their own sub components wit
90. in and Rudy Torrico 2000 October Frequently Asked Questions About Microsoft Access Security for Microsoft Access versions 2 0 through 2000 Microsoft Corporation http support microsoft com support access content secfaq asp Foster Lonnon R 2002 Palm OS Programming Bible Second Edition Indianapolis IN Wiley Publishing Inc Erich Gamma et Al 1995 Design Patterns Elements of Reusable Software Addison Wesley Boston MA Geier Jim June 20 2002 802 11 WEP Concepts and Vulnerability 802 11 planet com http www 80211 planet com tutorials article php 1368661 Greenwald Rick Robert Stackowiak and Jonathan Stern 2001 Oracle Essentials Oracle9i Oracle8i amp Oracle8 Second Edition Sebastopol CA O Reilly amp Associates Grimes Seth 1998 April Modeling Object Relational Databases DBMS http www dbmsmag com 9804d13 html Hedrick Charles L General Description of the TCP IP Protocols 1987 http oac3 hsc uth tmc edu staff snewton tcp tutorial sec2 html InfoPlease com 2002 Meaning of Pixel http www infoplease com ipd A0590740 html Kibbe David C MD 2001 July August A Problem Oriented Approach to the HIPAA Security Standards Family Practice Management pp 37 Kibbe David C MD 2001 March What You Need to Know About HIPAA Now Family Practice Management pp 43 King Tim George Reese and Randy Jay Yarger 1999 MySQL
91. ing a Connection Ultimately a connection is a link between two processes either on the same machine or two machines attached to a network In networking IP addresses are required to establish a connection IP addresses are 32 bit integers that uniquely identify a host machine on a network The first 16 bits specify the Network ID and the second 16 bits specify the Host ID Along with an IP address of the host a specific port is also needed for a connection to be established Finally sockets are also used to help establish a connection Ethernet has its own addresses This is to ensure that no two machines end up with the same Ethernet address and to not place the burden on the user with having to worry about assigning addresses Each Ethernet controller comes with a built in address Ethernet addresses consist of 48 bits When a packet is sent out on an Ethernet that packet is visible to every machine on that network Ethernet headers are in place to ensure the packet is sent to the correct machine Every machine has a table that links an Ethernet address to an Internet address To obtain the IP address of a destination machine based on its hostname clients on a network send requests to a name resolution server to perform the name to address translation using the Domain Naming System DNS protocol The protocol stack passes the name resolution request to this server This server then reads the rightmost domain of the hostname and locates thi
92. lean MainFormDoCommand UInt16 command Purpose This routine performs the menu command specified Parameters command menu item id Result True if handled Called By AppEventLoop Function static Boolean InputFormDoCommand Ulnt16 command Purpose This routine performs the menu command specified Parameters command menu item id Result True if handled Called By AppEventLoop These functions are in charge of handling events generated by the tapping of a drop down menu command If the command was handled the function returns true 61 4 1 3 9 List Initializers Function void InitList FormType frmP Purpose This function initializes the main list form Parameters frmP pointer to the current form Result None Called By MainFormHandleEvent Function void InitMedList FormType frmP Purpose This function initializes the med list form Parameters frmP pointer to the current form Result None Called By InputFormHandleEvent Function void InitAllergyList FormType frmP Purpose This function initializes the allergy list form Parameters frmP pointer to the current form Result None Called By InputFormHandleEvent Function void InitResponderLists FormType frmP Purpose This function initializes the responder lists Parameters frmP pointer to the current form Result No
93. li NX60 103 9 5 2 Using the EMS Application on the Handheld YY eICOINEe Incident R Address Date Book To Do List Memo Pad CLIE Files Data Sony Cli Launcher 1 Open the Emergency Incident Reporting application by tapping the icon 104 9 5 2 1 Emergency Incident Reporting Main Screen 9 5 2 1 1 Main Menu Gyo Main Menu Tap the EIR tab to access the Application Menu Bar Tap the or Y to scroll through Incident Reports 1 1234 Kinicki 2 1234 L Heureux 3 1234 McHugh 4 1234 Privett lt New Incident Report List Reports are numbered in the order they were created This number appears to the far left of each report listing The number after that is the Responder ID The final part of each Incident Report listing is the Last Name of the patient Tapping on a report will take you to the Patient Information form for that report 9 5 2 1 1 1 Setting Host Name and Port Number abt SY Update Responders New e Menu Bar for the Application Main Menu Access this menu by tapping the EIR tab or by tapping the 6 icon Set the Host and Port information by tapping the Set Server Tapping About displays information about the application Change Host Changing the Server Information Change the Host by entering the Host of the Server you which to connect to This may either
94. lication development on the Palm Operating System is the minimization of taps selections with the stylus An application should be optimized to require the least amount of input possible to get to any possible point in the application This means simple navigation for common components and utilization of the drop down menu system for less frequently accessed feature sets Developing for the Palm OS requires a shift in attitudes designing in terms of applications that would work well on the PC will not go over well on a PDA system A PDA is seen as an extension of the desktop PC PALM03c 2 6 5 Formatting Data for Transmission The ideal language for formatting data for this application was found to be the Extensible Markup Language XML XML a dialect of the Standard Generalized Markup Language SGML allows the 19 creation of descriptive data documents that can be read on any platform The use of a non platform specific data format is important to eliminate dependence on a specific back end operating system or hardware configuration The use of XML over a plain text format improves the flexibility ease of development and efficiency of back end processing of the transmitted information 2 7 Data Transmission The ultimate goal of this project is to enable the EMS technicians to transmit an electronic copy of their incident report from the PDA to a database that exists on a desktop computer Transmission of the data from the
95. lity 2 2 1 1 PDA Medic PDA Medic is a product that is aimed directly at the Emergency Medical Services market It offers the ability to enter patient and incident information for later synchronization to a database via the Palm OS s HotSync capability This system also enables the synchronization of data via a modem or LAN connection Additionally the system provides the capability to store the information to a database for later access However this system costs roughly 5 000 per department so it is prohibitively expensive for WPI s EMS department 2 2 1 2 MedDataSolutions MedDataSolutions Regist r product is aimed primarily at EMS technicians arriving at hospitals who would normally need to fill out forms upon arrival This package offers infrared printing capabilities and the ability to upload data through the Internet to its central database Therefore EMS departments delegate control of their data to MedDataSolutions and do not store it locally thus giving up control of their data 2 2 1 3 MobileEMS MobileEMS is a standalone product designed to allow for field data collection by EMTs It does not provide for any synchronization capability or database integration nor does it provide for any wireless transmission of data 2 2 1 4 RescueNet EMS Pro Westech Mobile s RescueNet suite contains a variety of components including dispatch billing transport requests and patient information This system would provide the neede
96. logy the system reduces the amount of administrative overhead required to perform the daily tasks of the EMS department 2 Literature Review 2 1 Introduction For every incident an EMS technician responds to they are required to fill out an incident report Prior to implementation of the EMS Portable Workflow System the technicians carried paper reports from incident to incident At the end of his or her shift each technician was required to submit one report per incident for later manual entry into a database The EMS Portable Workflow System simplifies this process by allowing the reports be filed and submitted remotely with a PDA to a centralized database thus eliminating the arduous task of manual data entry The EMS Portable Workflow System utilizes the standard client server model The use of a variety of technologies was necessary for successful completion of the project Client side development centered on development of the handheld application which included creation of the application itself user interface issues and the storage of data in a handheld database To transmit data to a database over a wireless network current techniques were researched to determine the most appropriate means of transmission of data in the system Additionally to develop the server side component research was conducted on different server and database technologies Each technology utilized in this project is discussed in the sections that follow
97. message body the sendEmail method calls the Incident object s toString method which creates a readable string representation of the object The method then retrieves the to and from addresses from the Preferences object If SMTP authentication has been enabled by the configuration manager the SMTP transport will pass that information on to the SMTP server when sending the message If the SMTP transport detects that an error has been sent by the SMTP server it will throw a MessagingException In this case the server application will print out the error to the console and continue servicing clients 4 3 7 Providing Client Status To provide the client with status as to whether the incident was successfully stored the server sends a status code and string prior to the connection being closed To facilitate this throughout the connection a status integer and string are maintained If any exceptions are caught this status is updated to reflect the event that occurred For instance if an SQLException is caught by the Connection object the status code is changed to indicate that an SQL error has occurred and the 81 status string is changed to that of the exception The format of the server s response to the client is as follows ErrorNum ErrorString The error codes that are returned by the server are shown in Table 3 1 4 3 8 Reporting Two methods are available to facilitate information gathering by the EMS
98. ne Called By InputFormHandleEvent Function void InitResponderList FormType frmP Purpose This function initializes the responder selection list Parameters frmP pointer to the current form Result None Called By InputFormHandleEvent Function void InitMeasurementList FormType frmP Purpose This function initializes the measurement list form Parameters frmP pointer to the current form Result None Called By InputFormHandleEvent These functions handle the initialization and filling of the lists on their corresponding forms Each function searches through its database to find the data to display display all records that can be shown at the moment This function also handles the scrolling of the database lists When the event handler receives that one of these forms has been opened it calls the appropriate initialization function 62 4 1 3 10 Parsing Forms Function Boolean InputFormParseData FormPtr frmP Purpose This routine parses data from the passed form If the form is unrecognized the routine throws a fatal exception Parameters frmP pointer to the current form Result None Called By InputFormHandleEvent When a form is exited either through the navigation buttons or through the save button the form is parsed using InputFormParseData This function simply calls a function based on the current form thes
99. nnnonnnnnononnnnnnnonnnnnononnncnnnnos 58 4 1 4 Writing to the Palm Databases eonenni Wa gaga a Pana ang aaa Ng PA a ag a aa ag a aaa aa aaa aa akas 63 4 2 Data Eran Smisslou ss res aaa SR aia a ag a aaa d A a aia Beg a a a daa 68 4 2 1 Wireless Transmission NetLib eee nean anana anaa an anana nana n anana anna nane anana anane anna n ee 68 4 3 Server Application ets 75 4 5 1 Managing UA A a a e Nagan anaa pan ad ee 79 4 3 2 Handling connections aa arasa ag PANA a NGE ara Aa AN INAH ANANE T ERE WAE NAN E RA ra 77 4 3 3 Managing Responder sis sakane ga Kapa a A Ag AK RATAN TE KAGAN KIRA E ERA NAKER ais EE EDA A KERA TARA KE KAON Ka noiai 77 4 3 4 Parsing XML Data A A sd ici 78 4 30 Database Insertions dista 80 4 3 6 Emailing Incident Report i sasayaka bangka pine ang aa agan raaa Gang gana panga eh pen aaa Gang aa kan ai pak aaa 81 43 Providing Chent Status ayasa aa ka ANANG Aa YG AAN lain E ita 81 AO REPO A aa T O o a deta Le Natit Dl a Eda 82 5 A NA 84 5 1 esting Methodolo Fi id el Le eee 84 5 2 Results Concerns a co UREA 84 6 A O NS 85 6 1 Conduit Development 2 0 223 se08 aecctivtaecthlavesledivasscteds Aucce rE GAN AKA GANG ONE lada each 85 6 2 Adding Signature Functionality cccccccccsssccessscecesseesceceeseececesseeeecseseeeecesseeeeesesesaeeeeeeeaaeees 86 6 3 Storing Sending Multimedia aia saa aa a naga GN Gan NAN E TAA BN A era sia TA e ag deer A Ga a agek Aan ge ag 86 7 Concise a a a a a t
100. om which they were trying to send data At this point the user has the option of correcting any mistakes they could have made while completing the form or they could try sending again See Figure 21 Sending an Incident Report 3 3 1 2 Receiving Responder Table When the user wishes to update the list of responders on the handheld device the user selects the Update Responders option from the main menu at the top left corner of the initial screen of the application As in the incident record transmission while the connection is taking place the user will see a window appear informing them that the NX60 is establishing a connection to the wireless network When the transfer is complete another window will appear informing them that the transfer has completed and the list of responders has been updated 49 Prior to returning the current list of responders the client application closes and deletes the existing responder database on the handheld device There is no need to retain any previous responder list EMS Data Collection Server SENDRESPONDERS EMS Incident Reporting Client EMS Dptabase Get Responder List Responder List EMSSernversendResponderT able Figure 22 Receiving the Responder List information since a new list is going be inserted in replace of the old one The client software then re opens the responder database now empty so that it can receive the incoming responde
101. one Result 0 if successful error code if fails Called By EIR Palm Main AppStart is called at the launch of the program to retrieve user preferences This function also initializes certain variables needed during the application run 59 4 1 3 4 AppStop Function static void AppStop void Purpose Save the current state of the application as well as close open databases Parameters None Result 0 if successful error code if fails Called By EIR Palm Main AppStop is called at the conclusion of each application run This function saves preferences as well as closes any databases that have been opened during execution 4 1 3 5 AppEventLoop Function static void AppEventLoop void Purpose This routine is the event loop for the application Parameters None Result None Called By EIR Palm Main The AppEventLoop waits for an event to occur and then handles it by calling each successive event handler until the event is handled This function is vital to the program as it coordinates everything that happens during execution 4 1 3 6 AppHandleEvent Function static Boolean AppHandleEvent EventPtr eventP Purpose This routine loads form resources and sets the event handler for the form loaded Parameters event a pointer to an EventType structure Result True if handled Called By AppEventLoop If AppEventLoop receives
102. open the Access database Select from one of the three View options depending upon which report is desired View Incidents By Hour displays the onset of symptoms time for the group of incidents in the specified date range View Incidents By Transport Type displays the number of incidents of each transport type within the specified date range View Incidents By Call Type displays the number of incidents of each call type within the specified date range 11 3 Editing Data 1 The Access interface provides the ability to edit the data in all tables in the database To access the tables directly go to the Window menu and select Unhide 2 Select the database and click OK 3 Select Tables on the left hand shortcut bar In the right pane a list of the tables will appear Most of the data that will need to be edited is in the incident table 120
103. ord String dbName String serverPort int ailToAddresses String ailFromAddress String smtp HostName String smtp AuthRequired boolean smtpUserName String smtp Password String incidents Stack tatusCodeOK int 0 tatusCodelOError int 1 tatusCodeJDBCError int 2 tatusCodeXMLParserError int 3 tatusCodeSQLError int 4 tatusCodeUnknownUser int 5 ta tusCodeBadPassword int 6 references etinstance etDBHostName etDBUserName etDBPassword etDBName etDBPort etServerPort etMailT oAddresses etMailFromAddress etSMTPHostName etSMTPAuthRequired etSMTPUserName etSMTPPassword loadAllPrefs joadDBHostName joadDBUserName joadDBPassword joadDBName joadDBPort joadServerPort joadSMTPAuth joadMailT oAddresses loadMailFromAddress joadSMTPHostName EMSServer imain endResponderTable Measurement easurementTime String ulse String pSystolic String pDiastolic String resp String reatment String y String ParserHandler BBeurrentTag String tartElement haracters arserHandler Connection incidentCreated boolean keepConnectionOpen boolean mIString String ndingResponders boolean receivedIncidel onnection rung lose dat
104. orkflow CD ROM into your CD ROM drive 2 From the Start Menu locate and open the Install Tool from the Sony Cli program folder The following screen will appear i Install Tool User MEET File s listed below will be installed on your handheld the next time you perform a HotSync operation Tips Ny Find other applications to install on your handheld at 1 http z w palm com The Add button looks first in the 44DD ON folder inside your C PROGRAM ASONY HANDHELD folder This folder is a convenient place to store downloaded handheld files 3 Click the Add button to add a new application to the device 4 Navigate to the EIR prc file on the CD ROM disc and Open it 5 EIR pre will now appear in the window on the left 102 i Install Tool User MAGDO y File s listed below will be installed on your handheld the next time you perform a HotSync operation a EIR pre B0KB Handheld Change Destination e Findother applications to install on your handheld at 1 http www palm com C PROGRAM ASONY HANDHELD folder This folder is a The Add button looks first in the ADD ON folder inside your convenient place to store downloaded handheld files 6 Select Done when the EIR prc has been entered into the list on the left 7 The next time you perform a Hotsync operation the Emergency Incident Reporting Application EIR prc will be installed to the Sony C
105. orm after Entry 1 After medications have been entered from the New Medications Form they are displayed in the Medication Form list 112 9 5 2 6 Allergies Form Gi 4d y Allergies Allergies Form 1 The Allergies Form allows you to add New Allergies through use of the New button at the bottom of the screen Tap the New button to enter a new type of allergy 2 Tapthe or Y to scroll through the different types of Allergies New Allergy Form Allergy Hame Pollen 1 Enter the name of the allergy into the text field and tap the OK button Allergies Form after Entry 1 After allergies have been entered from the New Allergies Form they are displayed in the Allergies Form list 9 5 2 7 History Form History du v History History Form Past History Denied by O Angina OF CHF O CVA O OPO O Hypertension O MO Pacemaker O Diabetes O CAof O Other Ga Gay 1 The History Form allows you to enter the patients past history 113 9 5 2 8 Vitals Form vitals qi v Vitals Save Gu Vitals Form The Vitals Form allows you to add New Measurements through use of the New button at the bottom of the screen Tap the New button to enter a new type of measurement Tap the or Y to scroll through the different Vitals New Measurement Time Pulse BZP Sys Resp Treatment Bandage 1234 New Measurement Form This form allows t
106. ormation PHI PHI is health information in any form i e paper electronic or verbal that personally identifies a patient KIBBO1a A significant requirement of the HIPAA is that each party involved in using PHI can view only the minimally necessary information to perform the required tasks KIBBO1b According to Kibbe The intent of the HIPAA standard is to discourage the current practice of open access to medical records that may contain large stores of information regarding a patient s previous medical history One facet of the HIPAA regulations is backup and recovery of medical information The regulations require that health care providers create plans for data backup disaster recovery and emergency operations STANO2 The regulations also require that virus protection software be installed on systems containing medical information The HIPAA regulations also provide technical requirements for systems containing PHI Procedures for emergency access are required these are described as documented instructions for obtaining necessary information during a crisis STANO2 HIPAA regulations also require audit controls to monitor what accesses to the database have occurred Additionally they require that user level or role level access can be defined One facet of these security requirements is to verify that the data entered is valid data According to the regulation methods for satisfying this re
107. ormation for later retrieval 3 4 2 1 DBMS Selection MySQL was the best choice as a DBMS for this project Its primary advantages include attribute level access control a native JDBC connector and an open source license Additionally it is available for multiple platforms including Linux and Windows allowing the system to be more platform independent Because MySQL has a JDBC connector it was possible to write for a single interface for any JDBC supporting DBMS After each piece of data from the run sheets was stored as Java objects or variables connections to the database could be made Using these connections the data was inserted in the database by forming SQL query strings 55 3 4 2 2 Data Design The design of the database was be reached through the standard normalization process once the necessary data had been finalized from the run sheets and reporting requirements of the EMS department Entity Relationship modeling was used in this process To produce an Entity Relationship E R diagram of the data each entity that exists in the data was shown on the diagram For instance an incident a patient and an officer could each be considered an entity After the entities had been finalized the relationships between them were be formulated and represented on the E R diagram After the E R diagram had been finalized each entity became a relation or table in the database For instance there is a relation for incident
108. ould enable data to be sent and received through the HotSync manager which is invoked when the user presses the button on the cradle the device sits in The cradle could be connected to any PC that has Internet access through a Universal Serial Bus USB port cable It does not necessarily have to be connected to the machine that the EMS database resides on With a conduit designed it would also be possible to perform the HotSync operation over the wireless network Enabling the user to synchronize data by way of the HotSync operation would be beneficial if the wireless network is ever unavailable for some reason There would be no extra hardware needed for this project to be completed The device comes equipped with both the cable and cradle it needs to perform the operation If a conduit were to be developed for this system the SSL encryption technique should be applied to the network transmission code A request to WPI s Technical Services department could be made to develop an outgoing SMTP mail server which supports SSL functionality WEP would still be enabled to ensure security over the wireless medium but data that is sent over the wired medium would now be secure 85 6 2 Adding Signature Functionality The EMS technician will still need to carry around a small piece of paper in the event a patient wishes to refuse treatment The incident report will still be filed but no treatment is given to that patient For a patient to refu
109. ovember TEMS celebrates 20 years of service Tulane Hullabaloo http hullabaloo tulane org index php 20011130 news 467 Standards for Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information Unofficial version 45 CFR Parts 160 and 164 Aug 14 2002 http www hhs gov ocr combinedregtext pdf Streger Matthew R MPA NREMT P 2002 August It s All in the Palm of Your Hand Emergency Medical Service 31 8 pp 77 Sony Style Sony Cli NX60 2003 http www sonystyle com is bin INTERSHOP enfinity eCS Store en USD SY_DisplayProductInformation Start sid loSccOhPjqKcfnYYaMWWeAdDyPJuPgZXSoQ CatalogCategoryID amp Pro ductID MOMKC0 2eNcYMAAADzXZxypn_9 amp Dept hp Tanenbaum Andrew S 2003 Computer Networks Fourth Edition Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River NJ Ullman Jeffrey D and Jennifer Widom 1997 A First Course in Database Systems Upper Saddle River NJ Simon amp Schuster Votsch Victor and Mark Walter 2002 March Oracle XML DB Uniting XML Content and Data Media PA Seybold Consulting Group 90 WIFI02 Wi Fi Alliance 2002 Securing Your Wi Fi Network Wi Fi Alliance http www wirelessethernet org opensection secure_the_network_setup asp WINTO1 Winton Greg 2001 Palm OS Network Programming Sebastopol CA O Reilly amp Associates 91 9 Appendix 9 1 Incident Reports 9 1 1 Norwood Call Sheet Norwood Emergency Medical Services Report
110. ponders example State Zip Code Save Each input form contains a navigation bar located at the top of the form Figure 13 An Input next to the form title The bar consists of a left and right navigation arrow Form and a navigation drop down list Using the arrows the user can progress or return to the next or previous input form using the drop down navigation list the user may quickly jump to a desired form Two navigation methods were provided to suit the use profile of a technician the application needed to be designed to accommodate step by step data entry as well as to allow the user to quickly access and edit a desired form 43 Running along the bottom of each form are form specific commands The Save button is used to save the edits made to a form while the submit button saves and actually sends the data to the server Upon successful submission of data the program returns to the main form and deletes the submitted incident To the right of the save and submit buttons is the shift indicator This is a standard Palm component that indicates the current status of the Graffiti system such as caps lock or punctuation mode Immediately to the right of this on appropriate forms are the vertical scroll buttons These buttons are used to scroll down each form and access non visible components The placement of these buttons follows standard Palm UI guidelines The drop down menu for these components allows for sev
111. quirement include check sum double keying a message authentication code or digital signature STANO2 The HIPAA specifies requirements for the transmission of data Any data sent over open networks is required to be encrypted or have other access controls Additionally the regulation states that the communications must have the following features STANO2 Integrity controls a security mechanism employed to ensure the validity of the information being electronically transmitted or stored 11 Message authentication ensuring typically with a message authentication code that a message received usually via a network matches the message sent The HIPAA regulations are described as technology neutral so the particular implementation details are left to the relevant health care organizations Each regulation was considered in the development of this project 2 4 Palm OS History and Overview In designing Personal Digital Assistants the goals were straightforward The device was to be designed to be small and light enough to fit inside of a shirt pocket have an ergonomic interface allow for desktop integration and last three weeks at a time on two AA batteries FOST02 The first Palm PDA ever created the Palm Pilot 1000 was developed in 1996 The Pilot 1000 had 128K of dynamic memory a black and white screen and no networking capability The Pilot 5000 was soon to follow the 1000 with similar characteristics bu
112. r navigate using the drop down bar The technicians are free to fill in the data as they see fit entering as much or as little ata time as they would like Selecting the save option from any form saves all entered data and exits to the main form the submit button saves the current data transmits it to the server and pending a successful transfer deletes the record from the database and returns the user to the main form 4 1 3 Event Driven Application Execution When the Emergency Incident Reporting application is launched on the Palm it simply loads the initial form and starts an event loop This loop runs indefinitely waiting for the operating system to report an event When this event is received the loop calls the event handling functions to attempt to handle Unhandled events are just dropped An event is the direct result of any user tap on the screen The stylus touching the screen triggers an event any dragging movement creates events and removing the stylus creates events When the trigger is sensed to have touched a control this triggers a special event dependant on the control selected For example if the user taps on a button an event is generated this event contains a wealth of information on the action most importantly the name of the control tapped The event handlers have the job of recognizing it as a button press and then telling the program how to handle a tap on the particular control Once the event handler is done
113. r table information The client application calls a function that sends a request string SENDRESPONDERS to the server The server understands this string and realizes that it is in fact a request for the responder table rather than an incoming incident report When the server receives this message it sends the responder table The responder table is a delimited list of responder information the responder s id first name middle name last name badge number and role Since the NetLib send and receive calls require the developer to specify the number of bits along with the transmission reception the incoming responder table had to be read in bit by bit since it would be different each time and names of responders are always changing Each delimiter was accounted for in the reception of the data and when each important piece of the responder record was encountered the function enters a loop until 50 the next delimiter is encountered When each responder is retrieved it is stored in the responder database on the handheld device See Figure 22 Receiving the Responder List 3 3 1 3 Encryption Two layers of encryption are available to ensure the data is sent safely to the database WEP encryption is needed to secure the transmission as it travels across the wireless medium SSL encryption is needed in two cases either the data reaches the wireless access point or the HotSync is used to upload data to the server via a
114. rComplaintT ext String submitterlD String submitterPassword String statusString String ransportT ype String allType String statusCode int etStatusCode etStatusString etStatusCode etStatusString Incident nsertintoDB endEmail oString 96 Data Design MEASUREMENT PK MEAS_ TIME T Date amp Time PK FK1 INCIDENT NUM N Unsigned Integer MEAS_PULSE N Unsigned Integer MEAS_BPSYS N Unsigned Integer MEAS_BPDIA N Unsigned Integer MEAS_RESP C Fixed Length 10 MEAS_TREATMENT C Fixed Length 10 FK2 RESPONDER_NUM N Unsigned Integer POH INCIDENT PK INCIDENT_NUM N Unsigned Integer MEDICATION PK MED_NAME C Fixed Length 15 PK FK1 INCIDENT_NUM N Unsigned Integer PO H gt O H PK ALLERGY PK ALLERG_NAME C Fixed Length 15 PK FK1 INCIDENT NUM N Unsigned Integer 1 RESPONDER RESPONDER_NUM RESPONDER_NAMEF RESPONDER_NAMEM RESPONDER_NAMEL RESPONDER_BADGENUM RESPONDER_ROLE N Unsigned Integer C Fixed Length 15 C Fixed Length 15 C Fixed Length 15 C Fixed Length 9 C Fixed Length 1 RESPONDER_ACTIVE L Yes or No RESPONSE PK FK1 RESPONDER NUM PK FK2 INCIDENT NUM N Unsigned Integer N Unsigned Integer POH PATIENT_NAMEF PATIENT_NAMEM PATIENT_NAMEL PATIENT_GENDER PATIENT_WEIGHT PATIENT_DOB PATIENT_ADDRL1 PATIENT_ADDRL2 PATIENT_CITY
115. rary Basement 1 2nd and 3rd Floors Campus Center All floors as well as the front and back patios Freeman Plaza Reunion Plaza Fountain area of West Street Olin Hall 107 Classroom Higgins Labs 1st 2 and 3 Floors including the Discovery Classroom Fuller Labs Basement 1st 2 and 3rd Floors including Perreault Auditorium Atwater Kent 1st 2 and 3 Floors including Newell Hall Alden Hall Great Hall Harrington Auditorium Basketball court and stands Morgan Hall Dining Hall Founders Hall Dining Hall this is an issue in this instance will be dependent on how mobile the EMS technicians need to be At this point WPI s wireless network extends access points listed in Table 1 WPI Wireless Access WPI s Wireless Networ Campus Center Olin Hall 107 Atwater Kent Fuller Labs Gordon Library Founders Hall Morgan Hall Higgins Labs 4 2 3 4 BA 6 7 8 9 10 Reunion Plaza Alden Memorial Hall Figure 8 WPI s Wireless Network 22 Points Since EMS technicians only respond to incidents on campus these sites will be easily accessible and will provide the necessary coverage the technicians need for uploading their incident reports See Table 1 WPI Wireless Access Points 2 7 2 1 Network Protocol Stack When the application sends the data the data travels through each layer of the network protocol stack The network protocol stack prepares the data to be
116. requirements for determining which device to choose for this project As discussed in section 2 5 1 the WL100 wireless card is the standard issue wireless card for the Cli series handheld and was the card chosen to enable wireless network access in this project 3 2 1 2 Choosing the Operating System While both the Palm OS and Windows CE operating systems are capable of performing the task set forward by this project due to the wide availability ease of development and low learning curve the Palm Operating System was chosen Furthermore the NX60 supports only the Palm OS 5 operating system Palm OS 5 also supports SSL which allows for encryption of the data being sent over the wireless medium 37 3 2 1 3 Designing the User Interface The user interface followed the design suggestions laid out by the Palm Corporation PALMO3f Further interface design was based on a user analysis of the EMTs and other design requirements laid out by the EMS group 3 2 2 Emergency Incident Reporting Design The client side application known as the Emergency Incident Reporting EIR system was developed with two primary goals in mind speed and ease of use With this goal in mind the application was designed to be sleek and self explanatory Few choices should ever presented to the user at once allowing for quick and easy decision making while in the field hopefully eliminating any chance of the program becoming a burden to the technician in the f
117. rs and thus contains built in forms and reporting features It is file based and supports the Open Database Connectivity ODBC standard as well as the Microsoft specific Object Linking and Embedding Database OLEDB connectivity methods Additionally it supports the relational data model and SQL Access databases can only be directly accessed on Microsoft Windows platforms However they may be accessed using SQL over ODBC connections from any ODBC capable OS Microsoft Access s security permits object level permission assignment For instance each table may be assigned a different set of permissions for each user Additionally there are workarounds in Access that permit assignment of permissions at the tuple or attribute level To do this permissions on a source table would be set at a restrictive level If the database administrator wanted to grant access to only certain attributes of a table for instance they could create a new query that only returned results from those attributes They would then grant users permissions to the new query only The query would run as the user with the permissions to the original table CHIP00 2 8 2 2 2 Oracle The Oracle Corporation develops a very widely used Relational Database Management System RDBMS that supports a variety of advanced features and platforms The main connection method used to connect to Oracle databases is Net8 or Oracle Net which is capable of running over TCP I
118. rst Marne e Incident Report Save and Submit Actions Each Incident Report Form allows the user to perform the following two actions Save and Submit Tapping Save will save the current status of the Incident Report and return you to the Main Menu Tapping Submit will send the Incident Report to the Server and return you to the Main Menu Store Password Enter Password 123456784 Submitting an Incident Report Prior to submission of each Incident Report each EMS Technician will be required to enter their password Enter your password in the text field and tap OK 108 9 5 2 3 Patient Information Forms 9 5 2 3 1 Patient Information 1 rata nid UI Info Last Name Smith First Marne Robert Gender GF i H Weight 175 Address LA 100 Institute Road Address 2 City Worcester State MA Zip Code 01609 Patient Information Form Part 1 The Patient Information Form allows the user to enter in the Patients Name Gender Date of Birth Weight and Address Tapping the Y in the lower left hand corner will take you to the next part of the Patient Information Form rata nid UI Info Last Name Smith First Marne Robert Gender Select DOB Weight 175 Address 1 100 Institute Road Address 2 City Worcester State MA Zip Code 01609 Setting the Gender To set the Gender simply tap on the Gender type M for male and F for female You can only sel
119. s If there was a relationship between incidents and patients each incident record would have referred to a record in the patient relation using a foreign key Because MySQL supports attribute level permissions a completely normalized data model without specific security considerations could be used If attribute level permissions were not available there would have needed to have been a change in the design to completely isolate patient data or keys from the incident data 3 4 2 3 Reporting A required feature of the system was the ability to perform reporting on the data in the database Reports on type of incident by time period and technician for instance were requested by WPI EMS Microsoft Access provides the ability to link to tables in other DBMSes Using Access reports were easily produced using Access s reporting features See appendix 9 1 for examples of the current and prototype incident report forms 56 3 5 Design Conclusion Based on the design decisions set forth in the methodology a successful implementation of the Emergency Incident Reporting System application was created that both suited the needs of the Emergency Medical Services as well as improved upon the existing process in use at the EMS office The planning and design performed in this section allowed the application to be completed in an efficient manner to user specifications and to be submitted on time The following section summarizes the methods
120. s domain on the Internet Winton describes the DNS resolution process This domain then reads the next rightmost name and checks if it represents a host or sub domain If it is a host it gets the host s IP address and sends it as a response to the original DNS server If it is a sub domain it forwards the request to that sub domain for resolution This process continues until either a host is located or a name cannot be found If the host is 26 found the response is sent back along the same route of DNS servers that the request traveled until it reaches the host that made the initial request This entire process is hidden from the network application by the protocol stack and sockets API which is the Net Library API The API provides function that retrieve host info by hostname and IP address Once the application finds a remote host it still needs to locate a specific service to access on that host The Palm OS Net Library supports service resolution only as far as retrieving the service information by name WINTO01 Regardless of how the handheld device is connected to the network all applications on the device will access the network the same way via the Net Library Once the client has sensed a connection a socket needs to be created A socket is an end point on a connection between two processes on separate hosts A socket must be opened first which creates an instance of the socket and allocates the resources of that socket The P
121. sceptible to anyone within range if there is no security mechanism provided to protect it 27 An 802 11 wireless network provides two different methods or ensuring security authentication and encryption Authentication is the means by which a machine is granted authorization to communicate with another machine in a given area of coverage There are two types of authentication Open System or Shared Key In an Open System any machine may request authentication The machine receiving the request can allow authentication to any request or only those from stations on a user defined list In a Shared Key system only stations which possess a secret encrypted key can be authenticated Shared Key authentication is available only to systems having the optional encryption capability For the purposes of this project the encryption technique was used to provide security for the medical information that is sent across WPI s wireless medium Encryption is intended to provide a level of security similar to that of a wired LAN There are two layers of encryption in regards to wireless transmissions an encryption standard devoted entirely to 802 11b wireless networks and Secure Sockets Layer encryption 2 7 3 1 Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP The Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP feature which is part of the 802 11 standard uses the RC4 PRNG algorithm from RSA Data Security Inc The WEP algorithm was selected because it is strong self synchronizing
122. se Deletes the record in the given database at the specified index and sorts the database after the deletion Parameters db pointer to the database from which to delete the record index the index of the record being deleted Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from a number of functions in eir c Because the application deals with a number of databases some of which are linked a function was required that deletes all of the records associated with a given incident This is a more complex process than simple record deletion as each database has to be searched for any records associated with the unique incident ID being deleted This is done by iterating through the databases and obtaining pointers to each record in those databases Within each record the incident number is compared to the incident number being deleted and if there is a match EmsDeleteMedicationRecord EmsDeleteAllergyRecord or EmsDeleteMeasurementRecord is called depending upon which database is being searched Function Err EmsDeleteRecordsByIncidentNum DmOpenRef incidentDb DmOpenRef measurementDb DmOpenRef allergyDb DmOpenRef medicationDb Ulnt16 index Purpose Deletes all records associated with the incident record denoted by the index Parameters incidentDb pointer to the incident database measurementDb pointer to the measurement database allerg
123. se treatment they must sign a piece of paper to verify that they are in fact refusing the treatment The EMS Portable Workflow System could be enhanced to provide the ability to have a patient enter their signature on the device and have it be stored with the corresponding incident report Associating each signature with the appropriate incident report would be a formidable task Likewise creating a canvas on which the patient could sign would most likely need to be created within the existing application and could prove to be a difficult but rewarding task Careful considerations would need to be made in how the signature would be stored and represented on both the handheld device and server application The most obvious way would be to store the signature as an image file 6 3 Storing Sending Multimedia As PDA technology continues to grow the ability to support more and more multimedia will be incorporated into each device Devices are able to store image and audio files on a memory card that is inserted in the memory card slot the device itself The EMS Portable Workflow System could benefit significantly if multimedia assets were to be incorporated into its system Some EMS groups take pictures of incidents for their records The Sony Cli series as well as other manufacturers of PDA s design models which have the ability to take digital pictures To be able to send image files to the server the appropriate device one that is a
124. sent across the network It is not concerned with what the data is rather just that it reaches its destination Each layer of the stack adds a protocol specific header to the packet of data as it is sent and strips off each header when a packet is received The new packet that is created is then passed on to the next layer below it See Figure 9 The Network Protocol Stack WINTO01 Application A Application B E Application Layer Physical Layer A Physical Layer A Physical Layer B Physical Layer B Application Layer Presentation Layer Figure 9 The Network Protocol Stack WINT01 The transport layer resides at the top of the stack It is responsible for the overall end to end trip of the packet of data If the amount of data being sent exceeds the transport s maximum packet size the transport layer may break the data up into multiple packets A transport packet is created when 23 the layer adds a transport header to the existing data packet which is then passed on to the network layer The network layer routes the data received from the transport layer to a remote host If the packet of data received by the network layer is fragmented due to its passage through the network the network layer reassembles the packet This layer adds a network header to the existing data packet and sends it to the data link layer The data link layer adds a media specific header to the pa
125. sent back to the client so that the client can respond appropriately 3 4 1 1 Operating System Considerations The use of Java as mentioned allows for operating system portability once the application has been written The WPI EMS department currently has a Windows PC that it has allocated for use as a 54 server The department granted us permission to load any OS on the PC but the use of Windows will allow the PC to be used for other purposes than the server and database 3 4 1 2 Data Translation The main responsibility of the server application is to translate the data obtained from the client connection to data that is able to be inserted into the database Because the XML data has a static schema individual pieces of data were extracted and converted into Java objects more easily Additionally Sun is developing a technology currently in beta that allows automatic conversion of XML data to Java objects This technology was utilized in the XML to Java conversions If the use of the Sun technology had not been feasible the static schema would have allowed us to parse the XML files and manually convert each piece of data into a variable or other object in Java 3 4 2 Database Implementation Once the data from the handheld is translated and converted to Java objects the data needs to be stored in a database The use of a database management system permits the ability to access the data itself as well as to effectively store the inf
126. ssion key the more difficult it is to break the encryption The Palm API has an SSL Library SSLLib that rests on top of the Network Library SSLLib is utilized to provide SSL security to NetLib function calls which send and receive 29 data NetLibSend and NetLibReceive respectively SSLLib is Palm OS 5 specific If it were to be implemented in the system it would restrict EMS to using only devices that run the Palm 5 Operating System 2 8 Server side Processing 2 8 1 Data Processing Server This project requires a server process to be running at all times to receive the data transmitted by the PDA client software through the network Once the server has received the data from the handheld client it translates the data into a database loadable format and loads it into a database 2 8 1 1 Data Translation Because of its data centric nature XML is the data format that was chosen for transmitting data from a handheld device to the server However XML does not have a relational design and XML documents must be translated to be useful to a relational database As Server Query Language SQL is the predominant relational database manipulation language any successful translation would need to convert XML to SQL A variety of methods exists for this translation however most of the existing tools for accomplishing this are database management system DBMS specific Oracle has embraced the XML standard by completely integrating it into R
127. t essential for operations to be extremely fast or for a dialog to inform the user of status This has particular implications for network access as the user must wait for all network operations to be finished before continuing 2 6 4 Palm Applications Each application on a Palm handheld device is essentially a database There are two specific types of databases PDB and PRC Both are record databases that contain records used with applications Palm resource databases contain application resources including the code and the user interface objects for the application These databases are stored in memory on handheld devices and are stored in file form on desktop computers PALM03h Each type of database contains the following components PALMO3h A header containing fields that describe the database and refer to the information blocks and raw record data in the database A list of record entries each of which describes a block of raw record or resource data Two optional information blocks the application information block and the sort information block The raw record data which is stored in linear format and referenced from the record list in the header The Emergency Incident Reporting Application is a PRC file It contains an Application Info Block which contains arbitrary data and Raw Data 2 6 4 1 Application Development The Palm Operating System natively supports only one language and that language is C Th
128. t rather than 128K of dynamic memory it had 512K The only link to the outside world was through the HotSync conduit WINTO1 Using a serial connection the HotSync application synchronizes data on the handheld device with a desktop computer Conduits are plug ins for the HotSync Manager These components exchange and synchronize the data PALMO3a In 1997 the Palm Pilot was introduced This was the first Palm that had network connectivity It had 1 MB of memory which was enough for a network protocol stack The new operating system also included a Net Library NetLib which gave developers access to the protocol stack The Net Library was added to enable network connectivity via HotSync which allowed users to synchronize remotely with their desktops Palm then introduced a wired modem to provide a dial up Internet connection WINTO1 A year later the Palm III was developed and was a large step in improving networking support This device had 2MB of dynamic memory which allowed for more resources to be left over after the protocol stack was loaded These resources could be used to build networking applications In the 12 same year Palm introduced the Palm VII This handheld device was equipped with a wireless radio which enabled users to send and receive email as well as browse the Web as long as there was coverage WINTO01 The newest Palm operating system released in February 2002 is Palm OS 5 It is equipped with th
129. tem including the client side component the transmission component and the server side component The secondary method of testing utilized Gremlins a testing functionality built into the Palm OS Emulator Gremlins perform automated actions designed to manipulate every user interface element in the Palm application This portion of the testing only tested the client side component The next phase of testing was to be field testing by EMS technicians However due to time constraints this was not possible In the future the system will be field tested before deployment 5 2 Results Concerns As a result of the test cases performed a number of defects were found and repaired in the original implementation Field testing must be conducted to ensure correct operation of the system The system should not be deployed until this has occurred 84 6 Future Research While the EMS Portable Workflow System is operational its design and implementation along with the resources Palm OS 5 provides to its users leaves many options for future work topics The existing system could benefit from upgrades such as creating a conduit that allows for synchronization through a serial connection to a PC allowing the patient to be able to sign and refuse treatment and the ability to have technicians include images and sound files with each incident report 6 1 Conduit Development Development of a conduit for the EMS Portable Workflow system w
130. that responder number It was decided that the best unique identifier 77 for responders was an incremental unique ID assigned by the database Badge numbers are not suitable because they may change when a responder changes rank Because this unique ID has no correlation to the real world the system provides the ability for responders to select their name from a menu without having any direct contact with the unique ID that they were assigned To send the list of responders to the client the sendResponderTable method first opens a JDBC connection to the MySQL database It then performs an SQL query to determine the number of responders that exist in the database This number is sent to the client to prepare the client to receive the correct number of responders The method then performs an SQL query to get the actual responder information including unique ID First Name Last Name Badge Number and Role office or responder For each responder retrieved the server sends the client the following RESPONDER_NUM t RESPONDER_NAMEF t RESPONDER_NAMEM t RESPONDER_NAMEL tRESPONDER_BA DGENUM t RESPONDER_ROLE n Thus an example of a server transmission of two responders in response to a client s SENDRESPONDERS command may look like the following 2 n1 tBrian tRoss tL Heureux t51 R nMichael tJames tMcHugh t52 tO n Function public static voi
131. the connection has been made the server first verifies that the submitter is authorized to submit an incident based on the submitted user ID and password To perform this check a SELECT COUNT query is performed to see if any entries in the RESPONDER table match the submitted user ID If no match is found an appropriate error is returned to the client as described in section 4 3 7 and the connection is closed without the incident being stored If a match is found another query is performed to see if the submitted password matches that stored for the submitter in the RESPONDER table If this check fails the client is returned an error code and the connection is closed without the incident being submitted To begin the incident data insertion an SQL query string is generated to insert data into the INCIDENT table in the database The first portion of the query string contains the column names into which values are being inserted The second portion of the query contains the actual data to be inserted The values for this data are obtained from the Incident object on which this insertIntoDB method was called Because of the one to many relationship between incidents and medications incidents and allergies and incidents and vitals measurements each of these is stored in a separate table with the incident number field serving as the foreign key to relate each record to its associated incident record
132. the open socket bufP Pointer to data to write to bufLen Length of data to write flags One or more netlOFlagxxx flags toAddrP Address to send to pointer to a NetSocketAddrType or 0 toLen Size of toAddrP buffer timeout Maximum timeout in system ticks a value of 1 will wait forever errP Contains an error code if the return value is 1 Result Returns number of bytes sent Returns 0 if the socket has been shut down and 1 if an error occurred errP contains the error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 4 2 1 1 6 Receiving Data Upon retrieval of the XML data the server will process the string and send back a code indicating the status of the server as explained in section 3 3 1 1 NetLibReceive is used to get this status code from the server This function needs only to read one byte of data as the number corresponding to the status of the server is the first piece of data sent back in acknowledgement Function Int16 NetLibReceive Ulnt16 libRefNum NetSocketRef socket void bufP Ulnt16 bufLen Ulnt16 flags void fromAddrP Ulnt16 fromLenP Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Receive data from a socket into a single buffer Parameters libRefNum Reference number to the Net Library socket Descriptor for the open socket bufP Pointer buffer to hold received data bufLen Length of
133. tion The navigation between forms is the same for each form in the Incident Report Presta A I Info Last Name First Marne Gender mE i E Weight Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Incident Report Form Navigation Arrows 1 Tap the 4 and arrows to take you to the previous or next form respectively Info Status Last dio Medications First Marne Allergies Gender mF History Select DOB Dada Pandan ak aki nih Incident Report Navigation Menu The Incident Report Navigation Menu provides fast access to any form To access the menu tap on the form listing in the upper right Address 1 Narrative ieee Disposition hand corner of the screen City Responders Tapping on the appropriate form takes you to that form State Zip Code Patient Info 19 AAD Incident Report Navigation Scrollbars Last Name first ame Since the Palm Screen is small you may need to scroll to get to Gender mF i s ae areas of certain forms j j eight EE Tap the or Y to scroll through each form in an Incident Address 2 Report City Each arrow will become active if there is a section that exists in State Zip Code the direction to which the arrow points otherwise the arrow is ayed out inactive ET gay 107 9 5 2 2 3 Incident Report Save and Submit Actions Address 1 Address 2 City State Zip Code Perea ni GI Info Last Name Fi
134. tion Process Transmission WPI Access Point EMS Database PDA with EIR WPI LAN Gateway Application Host Machine with EMS Data Collection Server Figure 20 Connection Process 3 3 1 1 Sending the Incident Report When the user wishes to send an incident report to the server they select the Submit button on that report s form from within the application A responder can only send one incident report at a time Before the connection is made the user is prompted for their password As the connection process takes place the user will see a window appear informing them that the NX60 is establishing 47 a connection to the wireless network The user will then see a dialog box informing them that the incident report is being sent When the transfer is complete another window will appear informing them of the status of the transmission Several actions are taking place behind the scenes of the submit button The client application calls functions that prepare and send the data Essentially these functions are a part of the client application in terms of implementation but in terms of design and development it is much easier to view these functions as a separate component First a function that generates an XML string based on the information found in the incident database for the specific record being sent is called When that string is generated it is passed to SendData which sends it to the server This send
135. tion is established and re transmit the data 2 7 2 3 Packet Formulation Using the TCP IP protocol data is sent in the form of datagrams or packets A packet has a physical appearance on an Ethernet or wire in a network In most cases a packet simply contains a datagram which is a specific type of packet so there is very little difference between the two and a distinction between the two terms is negligible TCP treats data as a stream of bytes It assigns a sequence number to each byte The TCP packet has a header that details which byte the packet starts with and how many bytes of data it contains The receiver can detect missing or incorrectly sequenced packets TCP acknowledges data that has been received and in the event of an error retransmits data that has been lost along the network In creating datagrams to be sent via TCP IP headers are attached to the original packet by each layer These headers are nothing more than a few additional octets added onto the beginning of a 25 datagram to keep track of it TCP knows the maximum size of a datagram that the network can handle and manages the stream of data into separate pieces accordingly A checksum is computed by adding up all the octets in the datagram This result is placed into the header of the datagram The TCP receiver computes the checksum again and if they are not the same the datagram is deleted because something went wrong with the transmission 2 7 2 4 Sens
136. transmission to the server an XML string is generated from the corresponding incident record in the incident database on the device and sent to the server Technicians can only send one incident report at a time so the report sent is that which the technician selects from the main menu screen in the application 3 2 2 5 User Interface Design The interface decisions made for the Emergency Incident Reporting were designed to provide a fast straightforward application that follows the Palm Operating System user interface guidelines PALMO3f The design decisions documented in the following sections represent the best attempt to provide the Emergency Medical Technicians with an ideal application 3 2 2 5 1 Main Form Layout When users launch the application they are presented with the main form This form is essentially used for the managing and creating of incident reports but allows for the user to access and edit EIR specific preferences as well Ga The large box on the screen known as the incident list displays currently Erre 1 1234 Kinicki open and un submitted incidents When an incident is added the form ree ae 4 1234 Privett displays it in the list displaying incident number the submitters ID number and the last name of the patient for each incident See Figure 12 Main Menu Form The user may click on a listed incident to open and dit it when it i d the displ ill update with the appropriate data
137. tus 1 Status 41 v Status Status on Arrival O Verbal Confused M Combative O Unconscious O Arrest How Where Found CPR by Est Anoxic Time Patient Status Part 1 1 This Patient Status Form allows the user to enter in the 2 Patients Status on Arrival Where they were found how the CPR was performed if any and their Anoxic Time Tapping the Y in the lower left hand corner will take you to the next part of the Patient Status Form 110 9 5 2 4 2 Patient Status 2 ERZA 4 v Status Chief Complaint O Pt Denies Complaint O Pain Chest O Near Syncope M Pain From Injury O Syncope O Respiratory O Seizure O Other Tap the or 7 to go to either the previous or next Onset of section of the Patient Status Form Symptoms Save Patient Status Part 2 This Patient Status Form allows the user to enter in the Patients Chief Complaint and the date and time of their onset EMM gt v Status Chief Complaint O Pt Denies Complaint O Pain Chest O Near Syncope Pain From Injury O Syncope O Respiratory O Seizure O Other Onset of Symptoms 2 Selecting the Time Selecting Time is similar to selecting a date Tap the Select Time box to set the time set Time KH alo Exe Setting the Time To set the time tap the box in which you wish to modify and use the and Y arrows to change the number in the selected box To sele
138. ue is 0 Result Returns 0 upon success and 1 if an error occurred errP contains the error if one exists Called By This method is called from the SendData function in EIRXMIT c 4 2 1 1 5 Sending Data At this point SendData has all it needs to send the XML string to the server The string is stored locally in a variable that is passed to the NetLibSend function which sends the string to the server Two functions to send data exist in the Net Library This function was chosen to implement because data is being sent from a single buffer across the socket The alternate function allows for data to be sent from multiple buffers NetLibSend is given a specified number of bytes to send which is the length of the XML string in bytes and is placed within a while loop to ensure each byte of data is sent After the XML string is sent another string is sent EMS EOF XML to the server to signify the termination of the XML string which lets the server know to process the XML string it just received Both strings are sent via two separate instances ofthe NetLibSend function 71 Function Int16 NetLibSend Ulnt16 libRefNum NetSocketRef socket void bufP Ulnt16 bufLen Ulnt16 flags void toAddrP Ulnt16 toLen Int32 timeout Err errP Purpose Sends data to a socket from a single buffer Parameters libRefNum Reference number to the Net Library socket Descriptor for
139. username enter emsapp If _ View Incidents By Call Type Access is running on the actual server machine type localhost as the hostname and leave the password blank If the server is on a different machine type the hostname of the machine and set the password to the administrator password of the database wpiems290 by default 11 Server Functions 11 1 Managing Responders 1 E Main Switchboard The Access interface provides the ability to Manage Responders administer the responders that are able to submit TI ven ier By eu _ View Incidents By Transport Type _ View Incidents By Call Type reports via the system To access the responder menu open the Access database and select Manage Responders from the main menu 119 2 The Responders window contains a list of the currently Add New E defined responders Only responders marked Active FirstName Middle LastName Role Badge Number Passcode Active d Test Responder A 1 1234 Vv Eran Ross L Heureu x JR 51 1234 r are able to submit reports and be selected as a ET paes E daki Benjamin David Privett A E 53 1234 mE Record 14 PT o of 38 4 gt responder on the Palm application The Passcode field is the text that the submitter must enter when submitting the report 11 2 Viewing Reports 1 To view reports not available in the Web interface
140. with a password of wpi208 To change this run SET PASSWORD FOR emsapp PASSWORD newpassword 10 4 Web Interface 1 Download and install PHP from http www php net Configure it for use with Internet Information Services Set up a virtual directory to the web interface directory Add two users to the NT domain a EMS user and a EMS Admin user The EMS user will be able to access all generic reports without personally identifiable information The EMS Admin user will be the only user able to access the patient identifiable reports 118 4 Remove all but the administrators and the EMS and EMS Admin users from the permissions for the web interface directory Remove all but the administrators and EMS Admin users from the admin directory in the web interface directory 10 5 Access Interface 1 Install Microsoft Access 2002 Download the driver DLLs for MyODBC from http www mysql com downloads api myodbc 2 50 html Run the installer for MyODBC selecting the MySQL driver Edit the sample MySQL driver Change the E Responder Management i Add New Windows DSN name to EMS and change the other FistName Midde LastName Aole Badge Number Passcode Acive ffex I GA R E information as appropriate to the configuration of re fomes Ma A l afa r Record MY PT gt pt p of 38 the machine For the
141. yDb pointer to the allergy database medicationDb pointer to the incident database index the index of the incident record being deleted Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from the HandleStatusCode in eir c 67 4 1 4 5 Record retrieval When an incident record needs to be retrieved the application calls EmsRetrieveIncidentRecord and passes it a pointer to an existing record structure into which the data from the retrieved record should be copied Similar functions exist for the allergy medication and measurement databases Function Err EmsRetrieveIncidentRecord DmOpenRef db incidentRecord record UInt16 index Purpose Copies the data from the requested record into the incidentRecord structure passed Parameters db pointer to the incident database record pointer to an incidentRecord structure to copy the retrieved data into index index of the record to retrieve Result 0 if no error otherwise error code indicative of error that occurred Called By This method is called from a number of functions in eir c 4 2 Data Transmission The transmission component of the system provides the functionality to send data from and receive data to the handheld device over WPI s wireless network The client application consists of a file eirXMIT c which contains all the functionality needed to send and re

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