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Cromemco 68010 Cromix-Plus System Administrators Guide 023

1. 3 Switch 5 OFF prevents RDOS from running the self test routine on power up or reset The four jumper selectable options above SW1 figure 5 9 are factory set and should not be changed They serve the same purpose as the first four switches on the 16FDC board 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 5 7 Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 5 3 2 RDOS 03 12 For 64FDC s with ROM versions 03 12 use these switch settings 5 3 3 The 16FDC Board The RDOS program stored in ROM on IC25 must be version 02 01 or higher The standard SWI switch settings see figure 5 10 configure the 16FDC board as follows 1 Switch 1 OFF loads RDOS into memory at address C000h on power up or reset 2 Switch 2 ON switches RDOS out of memory after it loads and runs the bootstrap program 3 Switch 3 ON allows RDOS on power up and reset to automatically load the bootstrap program from the diskette in Drive A If you do not have RDOS version 3 08 or higher Drive A is always the boot drive 4 Switch 4 OFF allows the floppy diskettes to be formatted 5 Switch 5 OFF allows RDOS to adjust the serial channel after receiving a few RETURN characters to the baud rate of the system console attached to J4 on the 16FDC If switch 1 is ON the baud rate is preset to 300 baud 6 If you have RDOS version 3 08 or higher switches 6 7 and 8 serve the same purpose as switches 2 3 and 4 on the 64FDC board 5 8 68010 Cromix Plus Administrato
2. 9 If your printer monitors the CTS Clear To Send circuit install the transmit jumper between CTS and RTS figure 4 1 Keeping CTS true allows the printer to send DC1 or ACK characters back to the Cromix driver If the printer does not drive RTS high strap CTS high by some other means If the printer does not monitor circuit CTS the transmit jumper is not needed 10 If your printer monitors circuits DCD Data Carrier Detect and or DSR Data Set Ready install the receive jumper between DCD DSR and DTR figure 4 1 Keeping DCD and DSR true allows the printer to receive characters from the Cromix driver If the printer does not drive DTR high strap DCD and DSR high by some other means If the printer does not monitor either DCD or DSR the receive jumper is not needed Connect the cable from each printer to a DB 25 connector on the system rear panel Each rear panel connector must be linked internally to the appropriate interface board refer to the section I O Interface Boards in chapter 5 49 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 4 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems Cromix 7 50 Feet Max J Serial System Printer Be idis DB 25P or DB 25S ro 3 e t Transmit Jumper gt 5 duces mu x umper 120 Figure 4 1 SERIAL PRINTER JUMPER CABLES 4 3 Parallel Printers All parallel printers must be Centronics compatible and have a DB 25 connector on one end of the pri
3. E8h STDC E8h STDC E8h STDC E8h STDC E8h STDC E8h AR ESDC Hard Disk Drives Device Name esdO esd1 esd31 esd32 esd33 Board Type Base Port ESDC E2h ESDC E2h ESDC E2h ESDC E2h ESDC E2h 6 95 6 96 6 97 6 127 6 128 6 129 6 159 6 160 6 161 6 191 6 192 6 193 6 223 6 224 6 225 Device Number Major Minor 11 0 11 1 11 31 11 32 11 33 J5 J4 J4 JA JS J5 J5 J4 J4 J4 J5 J5 J5 J4 J4 J4 ESDC Appendix A Connector J5 J5 J5 J4 J4 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix A esd63 esd64 esd65 esd95 esd96 esd97 esd127 esd128 esd129 esd159 esd160 esd161 esd19 esd192 esd193 esd223 esd224 esd225 esd255 ESDC E2h ESDC E6h ESDC E6h ESDC E6h ESDC E6h ESDC E6h ESDC E6h ESDC E4h ESDC E4h ESDC E4h ESDC E4h ESDC E4h ESDC 9 E4h ESDC E8h ESDC E8h ESDC E8h ESDC E8h ESDC E8h ESDC E8h 11 63 11 64 11 65 11 95 11 96 11 97 11 127 11 128 11 129 11 159 11 160 11 161 11 191 11 192 11 193 11 223 11 224 11 225 11 255 CHARACTER DEVICE FILES A 9 64FDC 16FDC and TU ART Serial Printers N Device Device Number BER Name Major Minor silpti 7 0 or 7 64 or 7 128 splt2 7 6 or 7 70 or 7 134 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Device File Definitions J4 J5 J5 JS J4 J4 J4 J5 J5 J5 J4 J4 J4
4. 14 60h 2 181 J5 mtty55 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h 2 182 J7 mtty56 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h 2 183 J9 mtty57 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 2 184 J3 mtty58 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 2 185 J5 mtty59 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 2 186 J7 mtty60 JOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 2 187 J9 mtty61 JOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh 2 188 J3 mtty62 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh 2 189 J5 mtty63 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 416 AOh 2 190 J7 mtty64 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh 2 191 J9 A 19 SCSI Tape Drives Device Board Type s Device Number ESDC Name Base Port Major Minor Connector stpl ESDC E2h 8 0 J6 stp7 ESDC E2h 8 6 J6 stp8 ESDC E6h 8 8 J6 stp14 ESDC E6h 8 14 J6 stp15 ESDC E4h 8 16 J6 stp20 ESDC F4h 8 21 J6 stp21 ESDC E8h 8 23 J6 stp27 ESDC E8h 8 29 J6 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide A 13 Device File Definitions Appendix A A 14 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix B Disk Error Messages Appendix B Disk Error Messages In the event of a disk error the Cromix Plus Operating System displays an error message to aid in the diagnosis and correction of the problem B 1 Floppy Disk Error Messages When the operating system cannot access a diskette an error message is displayed in the following format lt cflop uflop or tflop gt mode error Unit uu Side xx Track cc Sector ss Status ffee where Mode stands for one of the following words Select Error occurred in sel
5. 9 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Chapter 3 3 3 12 Tflop The tflop driver supports floppy tapes A floppy tape can be connected to the 64FDC controller in place of two floppies A B or C D The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker I100sefd00 The bit marked by s denotes the slow half speed drive 0 Fast drive 1 Slow drive The bit marked by e denotes the error correcting tape initialized by Oldtape instead of inittape O old style tape ECC style tape The bit marked by f denotes the way the tape is initialized 0 252 segments per stream 255 segments per stream Cannot be initialized on Cromemco hardware The bit marked by d denotes the drive O drive AB 1 drive CD 3 3 13 Stdc An STDC hard disk can contain up to 31 partitions numbered O 30 Partition 31 refers to the entire disk The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker Iccdppppp The bits marked by c denote the controller number 00 controller 1 01 controller 2 10 controller 3 11 controller 4 The bit marked by d denotes the drive number O drive 0 3 10 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 3 drive 1 The bits marked by p denote the partition number 0 31 If more than one controller is being used e include it in the sysdef file e connect all controllers via the DMA cha
6. Ask the operator Means Same as boot disk Means Use device 6 0 Any message can be here ACCESS rewa re re Files created will have this access unless it is changed here To SYSTEM PARAMETERS Jo NOTE Be sure you are aware of the ramifications of altering these values prior to changing them See Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual 023 5013 for details bufcnt 30 Number of memory resident data blocks inocnt 30 Number of memory resident inodes C 2 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Appendix C filcnt 80 chcnt 32 usrcnt 24 ptbcnt 48 mntent 8 Ickcnt 16 freecnt 1024 argvent 4096 charcnt 64 msgcnt O msgmax 0 msgnmb O msgmni O msgtql 0 shmmax 0 shmmni 0 shmseg 0 shmall 0 semcnt 0 semmni 0 semmsl 0 semopm O semmnu 0 semume 0 shtmni 4 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide The Sysdef File Number of files which can be opened simultaneously Number of files per process Number of process tables 7o Number of page tables 7o Number of devices that can be mounted at any time Number of locks that can be installed Number of bytes in the system memory pool Number of bytes for program arguments Number of character buffers Number of bytes in message pool Maximum message size Maximum number of bytes on one queue 7o Number of message queues 7c Number of messages in the system Maximum shared memory segment size 7o Number of shared memory identifiers
7. JS J5 J4 J4 JA 64FDC 16FDC TU ART Connector J4 J4 Device File Definitions sipt3 sipt4 sipts sipt6 slpt7 A 10 System Character Device Name null timer 7 7 or 7 71 or 7 135 7 8 or 7 72 or 7 136 7 9 or 7 73 or 7 137 7 10 or 7 74 or 7 138 7 11 or 7 75 or 7 139 J5 J4 J5 J4 J5 CHARACTER DEVICE FILES Devices Board Type s Base Port Throwaway Output XXU RTC Timer A 11 64FDC 16FDC and TU ART Terminals Device Name ttyl tty2 tty3 tty4 tty5 tty tty7 Board Type s 0 Base Port 64FDC 00h TU ART 1A 60h TU ART 1B 70h TU ART 2A 80h TU ART 2B 90h TU ART 3A AOh TU ART 3B BOh A 12 PRI Typewriter Parallel Printers Device Name typl typ2 Board Type Base Port PRI 1 50h PRI 2 60h Device Number Major Minor 3 0 4 0 Device Number Major Minor 1 0 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 11 Device Number Major Minor 6 5 6 6 Appendix A Board Connector 64FDC 16FDC TU ART Connector J4 J4 JS J4 J5 J4 J5 PRI Connector J2 J2 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix A Device File Definitions A 13 PRI and TU ART Dot Matrix Parallel Printers Device Board Type Device Number PRI TU ART Name Base Port Major Minor Connector iptl TU ART 1A O 60h or PRI 60h 5 6 J2 Ipt2 TU ART 1B 70h 5 7 J3 Ipt3 TU ART 2A 80h 5 8 J2 lpt4 TU ART 2B 90h 5 9 J3 Ipt5 TU ART 33A O AOh 5 10 J2 Ipt6
8. Mark the rear panel to indicate the device associated with each connector refer to appendix A Connect the priority interrupt cable to J3 on the PRI refer to the next section NOTE Dot matrix printer on PRI 1 cannot be accessed under Cromix Plus 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 5 19 Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards va n v O SC Oo Sd zi D TUART ei Channel A 20h Channel B 50h Connectors TUART 3 Channe A 80h E No E Ce c Ee O Channel B 70h Channe B 90h TUART 4 Channe A AOh Channel B BOh Figure 5 17 TU ART SWITCH SETTINGS 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 20 5 Pino S JO BIISTUTUIPY SNIA XTWOI 01089 SUadWOAL ANV SIHDLIMS IAd 81 S a nd y S IC Connectors PRI 1 50h SW 2 345 adds PRI 2 20h Component Side Solder Side O A A AA 7 6 45 AA 67 e Cut A f cu e instal Solder Side sw 2 SW 1 Pub Thao Jade Spreog JMO dumjelsug Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 5 6 The Priority Interrupt Cable The 6 connector priority interrupt cable part number 519 0029 determines the order in which the host processor services conflicting interrupt requests Attach the first connector to JI on the 64FDC 16FDC board by aligning the blue dot on the connector with the blue dot on the plug figure 5 19 Align the yellow dots on the remaining plugs and connectors and attach the second
9. Number of segments per process 7c Max total shared memory size Number of bytes in semaphore pool 7o Number of semaphore identifiers Max number of semaphores per identifier Max number of operations per call Number of undo structures in system Number of undo entries per process Number of shared texts in system The Sysdef File Appendix C maxlev 0 Maximum interrupt level for user programs END Character device drivers utty Supports terminals on FDC and on TUARTS The driver name must be followed by a list of minor device numbers supported Minor devno Base address 0 0x00 FDC 2 5 0x20 0x50 6 7 0x60 0x70 8 9 0x80 0x90 10 11 Oxa0 OxbO This driver is intended to replace the tty driver The old driver is still included in case the new driver does not behave as expected tty Supports terminals on FDC and on TUARTS The driver name must be followed by a list of minor device numbers supported Minor devno Base address 0 0x00 FDC 2 5 0x20 0x50 6 7 0x60 0x70 8 9 0x80 0x90 10 11 Oxa0 OxbO otty Supports Octart terminals Ensure that the Octarts will have the code downloaded See iostartup cmd Arguments are Octart numbers 1 through 8 which have the oct iop code downloaded Octart Base address 1 Oxce 2 OxdO 3 Oxd2 4 Oxd4 5 Oxd6 6 Oxd8 7 Oxda 8 Oxdc C 4 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Appendix C The Sysdef File This driver is intended as a replacement for qtty dri
10. Testing Peripheral Hardware Chapter 5 Circuit Boards CPU Boards 5 1 1 5 1 2 The XPU The DPU Memory Boards 5 2 1 2 2 2 5 2 3 5 2 4 5 2 5 5 2 6 The MCU The 2048MSU The 512MSU The M Bus Cable The 1024KZ The 256KZ Floppy Disk Controller Boards 5 3 1 5 3 2 5 3 3 5 3 4 The 64FDC RDOS 03 12 The 16FDC Board The 64FDC 16FDC Cables Hard Disk Controller 5 4 1 5 4 2 The STDC The ESDC I O Interface Boards 5 5 1 The OCTART ji O 0 OO J 1 QN QN A tA AAA CA UA wd D LA LA be bech o bech 00 J J I LA UJ LA bt eech Fesch b ke mb LAN 2 Fb MN NO o6 5 5 2 The IOP 5 5 3 The QUADART 5 5 4 The TU ART 5 5 5 The PRI 5 6 The Priority Interrupt Cable 5 7 DMA Priority Cable Appendix A Device File Definitions A l System Block Devices A 2 8 24 Se A 3 8 1 AA 5 1 4 1 i e A 5 Uniform Format Floppies A 6 64FDC Cartridge Tape Drives A 7 STDC Hard Disk Drives A 8 ESDC Hard Disk Drives AH 64FDC 16FDC and TU ART Serial Printers A 10 System Character Devices A 11 64FDC 16FDC and TU ART Tesina A 12 PRI Typewriter Parallel Printers A 13 PRI and TU ART Dot Matrix Parallel Printers A 14 OCTART Serial Printers A 15 OCTART Terminals A 16 IOP QUADART Serial printers A 17 IOP QUADART Terminals A 18 IOP QUADART Modems A 19 SCSI Tape Drives Appendix B Disk Error Messages B Floppy Disk Error Messages B 2 Ha
11. 152 J3 mtty26 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h 2 153 J5 mity27 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h 2 154 J7 mtty28 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 47 80h 2 155 J9 mtty29 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh 2 156 J3 mtty30 IOP 2 0 BEh Quadart 48 AOh 2 157 JS mtty31 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 48 AOh 2 158 J7 mtty 32 IOP 2 9 BER Quadart 8 AOh 2 159 J9 mtty33 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h 2 160 J3 mtty34 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h 2 161 J5 mtty35 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h 2 162 J7 mtty36 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h 2 163 J9 mtty37 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 10 60h 2 164 J3 mtty38 IOP 3 AER Quadart 10 60h 2 165 JS mtty39 JOP 3 AER Quadart 10 60h 2 166 J7 mtty40 IOP 3 AER Quadart 10 60h 2 167 J9 mtty41 IOP 3 AER Quadart 11 80h 2 168 J3 mtty42 IOP 3 AER Quadart 11 80h 2 169 J5 A 12 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix A Device File Definitions mtty43 IOP 43 AER Quadart 11 80h 2 170 J7 mtty44 IOP 3 O AEh Quadart 411 80h 2 171 J9 mtty45 IOP 43 AEh Quadart 12 AOh 2 172 J3 mtty46 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 0 AOh 2 173 J5 mtty47 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 AOh 2 174 J7 mtty48 JOP 3 0 AEh Quadart 412 AOh 2 175 J9 mtty49 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h 2 176 J3 mtty50 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h 2 177 J5 mtty51 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h 2 178 J7 mtty52 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h 2 179 J9 mtty53 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h 2 180 J3 mtty54 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart
12. 3 3 Booting Cromix Plus From STDC Hard Disks Determining Your Version of RDOS RDOS gs e oe Cold Booting Cromix Plus Updating The Hard Disk Repairing The File Structure On The Hard Disk Repairing The Hard Disk e e o System Customization 2 8 1 The Term Variable i 2 8 2 Generating a New Operating System 2 8 3 The etc Directory N 2 8 4 lostartup cmd 2 8 5 Ttys 2 8 6 Passwd 2 8 7 Group 2 8 8 Startup cmd 2 8 9 Termcaps 2 8 10 Startup msg 2 8 11 Welcome 2 8 12 Motd 2 8 13 Ce env 2 8 14 Sh env 2 8 15 login cmd Chapter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software a Single User Versus Multiuser Systems Creating Device Files Description of Minor Device Numbers 3 3 1 Tty 3 3 2 Utty 3 33 Qty 3 3 3 1 Octart 3 3 3 2 nm 3 34 Otty i On DAHA tA A VO O O 00 N NN m m bech ent bech est end Det bech bech bech bet bech bech kee LA DN NN NM MN NNN El oc A A WW WN N o M ke 3 4 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 1 37 5 4 5 5 3 3 5 3 3 6 3 3 7 3 3 8 3 3 9 3 3 10 3 3 11 3 3 12 3 3 13 3 3 14 3 3 15 3 3 16 Slpt Uslpt Qslpt 3 3 7 1 Octart 53 72 Oslpt Ipt ulpt Uflop Tflop Stdc Esdc Smd SCSI Final Hints 4 Terminals 4 1 1 Installing N Printers and Modems The System Console Serial Printers Parallel Printers 4 3 1 Modems 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 4 3 The Typ Driver Quadart Octart The Mtty Device
13. J6 or J7 qtty12 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 3 80h 2 11 J8 or J9 qtty13 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 12 J2 or J3 qtty14 IOP 1 O CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 13 J4 or JS qtty15 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 14 J6 or J7 gtty16 JOP 1 O CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 15 J8 or J9 gtty17 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 5 40h 2 16 J2 or J3 wt qtty18 IOP 2 BER Quadart 5 40h 2 17 J4 or J5 qtty19 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 5 40h 2 18 J6 or J7 A 10 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix A qtty20 qtty21 qtty22 qtty23 qtty24 qtty25 qtty26 qtty27 qtty28 qtty29 qtty30 qtty31 qtty32 qtty33 qtty34 qtty35 qtty36 qtty37 qtty38 qtty39 qtty40 qtty41 qtty42 qtty43 qtty44 qtty45 qtty46 qtty47 qtty48 qtty49 qtty50 qtty51 qtty52 qtty53 qtty54 qtty55 qtty56 qtty57 qtty58 qtty59 qtty60 qtty61 qtty62 qtty63 qtty64 JOP 42 BEh Quadart 5 40h JOP 2 BEh Quadart 6 60h IOP 2 O BEh Quadart 6 60h IOP 2 BEh Quadart 6 60h JOP 2 BEh Quadart 6 60h IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh JOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h JOP 3 AEh Quadart 10 60h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 10 60h IOP 3 AEh
14. Oxae 4 Ox9e 5 Oxd6 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide C 9 5 yi a US Cromemco 280 Bernardo Ave ee a P 0 Box 7400 Mountain View CA 94039 gt
15. Quadart Name Base Port Major Minor Connector qslpti JOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 9 0 or 9 128 J2 qsipt2 JOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 9 1 or 9 129 J4 qsipt3 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 41 40h 9 2 or 9 130 J6 qsipt4 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 41 40h 9 3 or 9 131 J8 qsipt5 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 9 4 or 9 132 J2 qslpt IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 9 5 or 9 133 J4 qslpt7 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 42 60h 9 6 or 9 134 J6 qslpt8 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 42 60h 9 7 or 9 135 J8 qsipt9 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 3 80h 9 8 or 9 136 J2 qslpt10 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 43 80h 9 9 or 9 137 J4 qsipt11 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 3 80h 9 10 or 9 138 J6 qsipt12 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 3 80h 9 11 or 9 139 J8 qslpt13 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 0 AOh 9 12 or 9 140 J2 gslpt14 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 AOh 9 13 or 9 141 J4 qslpt15 IOP 1 O CEh Quadart 4 AOh 9 14 or 9 142 J6 qslpt16 JOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 0 AOh 9 15 or 9 143 J8 qslpt17 IOP 2 BER Quadart 5 40h 9 16 or 9 144 J2 qslpt18 IOP 2 BER Quadart 5 40h 9 17 or 9 145 JA qsipti9 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 5 40h 9 18 or 9 146 J6 gslpt20 IOP 2 O BEh Ouadart 5 40h 9 19 or 9 147 J8 qsipt21 IOP 2 O BER Quadart 6 60h 9 20 or 9 148 J2 gslpt22 JOP 2 BEh Quadart 6 60h 9 21 or 9 149 J4 gslpt23 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 46 60h 9 22 or 9 150 J6 qsipt24 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 6 60h 9 23 or 9 151 J8 qslpt25 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h 9 24 or 9 152 J2 gslpt26 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h
16. Some user programs create temporary files in this directory The temporary files should be deleted prior to program termination The system administrator should periodically delete the contents of the tmp directory while no user is running The usr directory contains a number of sub directories Some of these sub directories belong to the system 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrators Guide Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals fusr bin Directory to contain programs and command files that are not distributed with Cromix Plus Though it is possible to add programs to the bin and cmd directories this practice is not recommended usr cron This directory contains files used by the Cron daemon usr help On line manual files contain the hlp extension usr include Default directory to contain include files used by the C programming language usr lib The directory intended to contain object libraries for different languages usr mail Directory where mail is deposited until the user inspects it usr pkg Directory used for installation of software packages usr query Directory that contains data files for the query utility usr spool The spool utility temporarily copies files to be printed to this directory The printer daemon prints them fusr unix Files necessary to boot the UNIX operating system The remaining directories are intented to be home directories for users As the system is distributed there are two
17. TU ART 3B BOh 5 11 J3 A 14 OCTART Serial Printers Device Board Type Device Number OCTART Name Base Port Major Minor Connector qslpt1 OCTART 1 CEh 9 0 or 9 128 J1 gslpt2 OCTART 1 O CEh 9 1 or 9 129 Ji gslpt3 OCTART 1 CEh 9 2 or 9 130 Ji qsipt4 OCTART 1 O CEh 9 3 or 9 131 Ji qslpt5 OCTART 1 O CEh 9 4 or 9 132 J2 gslpt6 OCTART 1 O CEh 9 5 or 9 133 J2 qslpt7 OCTART 1 9 CEh 9 6 or 9 134 J2 qsipt8 OCTART 1 CEh 9 7 or 9 135 J2 qslpt17 OCTART 2 BEh 9 16 or 9 144 J1 qslpt18 OCTART 2 BEh 9 17 or 9 145 Ji gslpt19 OCTART 2 BEh 9 18 or 9 146 J1 gslpt20 OCTART 2 0 BEh 9 19 or 9 147 Ji qsipt21 OCTART 2 BEh 9 20 or 9 148 J2 qsipt22 OCTART 2 BEh 9 21 or 9 149 J2 qsipt23 OCTART 2 BEh 9 22 or 9 148 J2 qsipt24 OCTART 2 BEh 9 23 or 9 149 J2 qsipt33 OCTART 3 AEh 9 32 or 9 160 Ji qsipt34 OCTART 3 AEh 9 33 or 9 161 J1 qslpt35 OCTART 3 O AER 9 34 or 9 162 Ji gslpt36 OCTART 3 O AEh 9 35 or 9 163 Ji gslpt37 OCTART 3 O AEh 9 36 or 9 164 J2 qsipt38 OCTART 3 AEh 9 37 or 9 165 J2 qsipt39 OCTART 3 AEh 9 38 or 9 166 J2 qsipt40 OCTART 3 AEh 9 39 or 9 167 J2 gslpt49 OCTART 4 9Eh 9 48 or 9 176 J1 qslpt50 OCTART 4 2 9Eh 9 49 or 9 177 J1 qslpt51 OCTART 4 9Eh 9 50 or 9 178 J1 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Device File Definitions qslpt52 gslpt53 qslpt54 qslpt55 gslpt56 OCTART 4 9 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh A 15 OCTART Terminals Devi
18. The error Not a Cromix device is most likely caused by the absence of a file structure on the disk If this is the case be certain since this step will destroy any pre existing file system create an empty file structure on the disk using the makfs utility makfs std0 For other errors refer to the documentation on the dcheck and icheck utilities in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual Often the deletion of files which are corrupted will fix file system problems The dcheck and icheck utilities usually report the inode numbers of the corrupted files To determine the file names corresponding to those inode numbers mount the hard disk mount std0 drive and run the ncheck utility For example 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 2 7 Initial Cromix System Start up Chapter 2 4 ncheck i 44 55 drive will return the file names corresponding to inodes 44 and 55 on the hard disk Delete the corrupted files unmount the hard disk unmount std0 and once again execute 4 dcheck s std0 8 icheck s std0 Keep deleting files until icheck and dcheck report no errors 2 7 Repairing The Hard Disk If the readall utility reports disk errors the following procedure should be followed Do not update a disk drive until all disk errors reported by readall are resolved If the hard disk is uninitialized the inithard utility should be used to initialize it Please refer to the discussion of the inithard
19. and PRI These boards support modems terminals and printers The QUADART is always used in conjunction with an IOP board 55 1 The OCTART Up to four OCTART boards can be installed in a single system and one OCTART supports up to eight terminals or serial printers in any combination If you change the standard ROM IC10 to one with an access time of 150 nSec or less cut the trace shown in figure 5 9 The OCTART switch settings are shown in figure 5 10 When using OCTART and IOP boards in the same system each board must have a different base port address compare figures 5 10 and 5 11 Insert the OCTART into any slot of the system card cage Install two 26 conductor cables part number 519 0086 on CS1 amp CS100 519 0017 on CS2 519 0008 on CS3 amp CS300 from OCTART 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 5 13 Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 connectors J1 and J2 to any of the rear panel connector slots Mark the rear panel to identify the OCTART connectors To support the full eight terminals or serial printers plug an OCTART cable part number 519 0184 into both rear panel connectors and connect four device cables to each OCTART cable Without the OCTART cable you can support two devices gttyl and qtty5 by plugging their cables directly into the two rear panel connectors Connect the priority interrupt cable to J3 refer to the last section of this chapter Connectors Soider Trace J3 J1 J2 tor 150 interru
20. by RDOS and the bootstrap program It is very important to ensure that all users are forewamed prior to performing a warm boot A warm boot kills all processes and valuable work could be lost Use the msg utility to warn all users to log off the system Use the system 1 pstat al or ps al command to determine what processes are still running Processes normally present are Process One Command A number of gtty processes A number of Shell processes If any other processes are listed a warm boot is probably ill advised until they terminate The Ctty column of the pstat command shows the major and minor device number of the terminal from which the concerned processes were started Once it is clear that the system can safely be warm booted execute the boot command For example system 1 boot gen cromix The boot utility can warm boot any file within the file system which has the sys extension A cold boot using RDOS and the bootstrap program can load and execute only the file cromix sys from the root directory 1 6 Stopping The System A privileged user can stop the system by executing the command system 1 kill 2 1 6 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals This command will immediately kill all user processes flush all buffers and close all devices The processor will then execute the stop instruction As sudden execution of the kill 2 1 command might terminate some im
21. in the chain other than as the lowest priority board REV C STDC boards cannot be used anywhere but the lowest priority board Connector J3 on Rev C STDC boards only has two pins while Rev D STDC boards use a three pin connector On the three pin connectors connect the priority cable to the two pins closest to connector J2 5 22 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards To Next Priority Board S Yellow Dot Connector Blue Dot on First b W Blue Dot on 64FDC 16FDC Figure 5 19 INSTALLING THE PRIORITY CABLE 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 5 23 Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 5 24 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix A Device File Definitions Appendix A Device File Definitions This appendix lists all the device files that may appear in the dev directory Each entry consists of a device name the type of board or boards that control the physical device the board s jumper or switch assigned base I O port address e g OCTART 81 CEh means OCTART board number 1 with a base I O port address of CEh the major minor device numbers assigned to the device and the board connector where the physical device is attached The block devices appear first followed by the character devices BLOCK DEVICE FILES A 1 System Block Devices Device Board Type Device Number Board Name Base Port Major Minor Connector root 0 0 amem
22. new ones since their function may have changed since the previous version Use the old files for comparison 2 8 4 lostartup cmd Iostartup cmd is the command file that will execute immediately after the system is booted It is used only for downloading I O processor boards Do not put other initialization commands into iostartup cmd This file should be edited to remove comment signs 90 at the beginning of lines which should be activated Note Each STDC controller ESDC controller and IOP or Octart in the system MUST be downloaded 2 6 5 Ttys The ttys file describes active terminals If any lines are added or deleted the system must be rebooted do not issue the kill 1 1 command Normally lines will simply be altered Each line contains 5 fields which are separated by colons The first field contains a list of run levels from the range 1 15 if the list includes the number 0 the terminal is always disabled OTHERWISE 2 10 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide MAUI Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up if the list includes the number 1 the terminal is always enabled OTHERWISE the terminal will be enabled if the run level of process one is set to one of the levels listed See the Init utility The simplest suggested scheme is that additional terminals should be enabled by replacing the number 0 in the first field with the number 2 The command system 1 init 1 this is the def
23. organized into drivers A driver is a set of functions that manage one particular device or class of devices As there are many possible devices there are many different drivers If a particular device does not exist on a system there is no need to have the drivers for that device linked into the operating system This means that the user will have to build a customized version of cromix sys that best suits the system configuration The distributed version of cromix sys is an example of a cromix sys file that can be built This is a very generalized version of cromix sys and contains drivers to most Cromemco peripherals It was so constructed to enable a user with almost any hardware configuration to boot and then generate a customized version Cromix Plus is a multi user multi tasking operating system This means that there will be a number of user processes programs executing simultaneously It is the responsibility of the operating system to manage such execution The operating system must allocate the system resources to user processes memory I O devices processor time The operating system must start each user process and then manage its execution While user processes are running the operating system must handle their system calls The access to all resources that might be shared between processes like I O devices must be managed by the operating system to prevent intentional or unintentional misuse 68010 Cromix Plus System Adminis
24. particularly important for tty terminals connected to 16FDC 64FDC and TUART boards which do not have current loop circuitry disabled If such terminals are enabled the gtty process will continually use system time trying to determine whether anyone is pressing keys on those terminals 2 8 6 Passwd The file etc passwd contains the list of users that are allowed to use the system and fields which describe their encoded password optional user and group ID numbers home directory program to 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 2 11 Initial Cromix System Start up Chapter 2 be executed upon login optional and user prompt optional This file can be viewed using the more utility It should not be edited The passwd file should be maintained via the passwd utility 2 8 7 Group The file etc group is similar to the passwd file but contains information about groups This file should be maintained via the passwd utility using the g option Organizing users into groups helps make good use of the file protection system 2 8 8 Startup cmd This file is automatically executed after system initialization is complete and prior to the login message being displayed Any Cromix Plus command can be included in this file Use the existing startup cmd file as a template 2 8 9 Termcaps This file describes the operating characteristics of various terminals All terminal types used on the system should contain an entry in etc ter
25. sait ati o PA BIT yox eT ani mi W m zent EG p eo 2048MSU O 512MSU O 512MSU G 512MSU O 512MSU 512MSU 512MSU x vidi ioi VA ai ig TRES wa d ide W os VAR LE CL RI le ir un amp mR vi Gh wi 8 TS 6 m lt y El TI e mt wg ung mig en Arg gena vj eu eil oni oni CE bil aE ra od et i Mu XM Ww se si st ce da a aig MUT a Hr g Mor w AE ig METER E j se I ee a ci pe ti Mg oi g n a d Figure 5 6 512MSU SWITCH SETTINGS 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 5 5 Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 1024KZ at m e a et N un e Sek a N He Wee Nu 4 jr 4 A 4 rd N id da 9 bas ar US SY M oy anc em LI Se piit LCE Se A d w i E D ati CD SU D i i 00 1 et Sie t P ELN va ni le o A A A HENCE ue me 1024KZ Pee i wn dei scar wes V Un ne TII 43 eios z N i 2 A N i N S v j P t i reo M MN DANS AT E 1024KZ ii xo Tan Kaa QNO QR AAA ie 189 i LII re NULL fte HS wan ELTE A NELLE gt Kn 1024KZ i ii d is t el E A vs H ter Le s a SL eat wi Vito a esto ARR a ce gt t ES Rare INES YW 3 ca n KL AR i Jay et an Santa Figure 5 8 256KZ SWITCH SETTINGS 5 6 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Gu
26. utility in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual Execute readall to confirm that the drive is error free Things are more complicated with a hard disk with an existing file system that has a few badly written tracks The problem should be fixed before using the hard disk A track can be unreadable because the hard disk has developed a bad spot Try to initialize the bad track using inithard If readall can read it without error it was probably a soft recording error which is now repaired These errors can be caused by power interruptions while the disk was being written to Consider the problem resolved but note the cylinder number and the surface number of the offending track If ever appears bad again consider assigning an alternate track to it If initializing the track does not resolve the problem or if the same track was found bad previously it must be declared a bad track Use the inithard utility to enter the offending track into the alternate track table and run readall again 4 readall a std31 If errors persist or seem to be moving around the hard disk and STDC controller should be examined for problems When the readall utility no longer reports any errors return to the previous section NOTE If a track is initialized or declared bad the file structure will most likely be damaged The check utility will probably report a large number of errors They must all be corrected 2 8 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator
27. 1 on the MCU board to J1 on the 2048MSU 512MSU with the red cable stripe to the left Always attach the first cable connector to the MCU board On a revision K or higher MCU ignore the extra reversed connector on the cable on a revision J or Jower MCU plug an M bus terminator part number 520 0128 into the extra connector 5 2 5 The 1024KZ The 1024KZ board has no jumpers to set or cables To install the board set the 1024KZ switches as shown in figure 5 7 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 5 3 Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards Em a 202001 Ice dicas TC 658606 SIN DESEE ETC ja 1c2 SE H UE 23 oQ ez Se REV K MCU JUMPERS FOR MULTIPLE MCU S LA S D ac 8 TAS t2 D or d O eae N M 5 i amp amp N 3 e gt Ase 3 O f Jf A2 ee s d gt O Ue IC55 IC I c e 9999 gt o Ri gto o lt i 70006 ef Y N v v ET gt A3 e v c 35 743593 E e c 2 f atm lsol iun CH A 5 Mi U yt ICSe Es 74 582 e v i NEN v 503 IES i 03 o quest 2 s op 0350 CH MCU 1 as shipped N w 1 y trator s Guide inis 68010 Cromix Plus Admi MCU SELECT JUMPER ON THE 2048MSU Figure 5 4 Chapter 5 Ene guise TS e HAT SEE entr care Installing Circuit Boards O 2048MSU O 2048MSU 2048MSU O 2048MSU O Wun H SNE Raus Lat AUX Kg R 2048MSU ANT Isi ert
28. 177 J4 qslpt51 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h 9 50 or 9 178 J6 gslpt52 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h 9 51 or 9 179 J8 gslpt53 JOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h 9 52 or 9 180 J2 qslpt54 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h 9 53 or 9 181 JA qslpt55 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h 9 54 or 9 182 J6 qslptS6 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h 9 55 or 9 183 J8 qslpt57 JOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 9 56 or 9 184 J2 gslpt58 JOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 9 57 or 9 185 J4 qslpt59 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 9 58 or 9 186 J6 qsIpt60 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h 9 59 or 9 187 J8 qslpt61 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 416 AOh 9 60 or 9 188 J2 qsipt62 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh 9 61 or 9 189 J4 qsipt63 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh 9 62 or 9 190 J6 qsipt64 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh 9 63 or 9 191 J8 A 17 IOP QUADART Terminals Device Board Type s Device Number Quadart Name Base Port Major Minor Connector gttyl IOP 1 CEh Ouadart 1 40h 2 0 J2 or J3 qtty2 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 2 1 J4 or JS qtty3 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 2 2 J6 or J7 qtty4 JOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 2 3 J8 or J9 qtty5 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 2 4 J2 or J3 S qtty6 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 2 5 J4 or J5 qtty7 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 2 6 J6 or J7 qtty8 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 2 7 J8 or J9 qtty9 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 80h 2 8 J2 or J3 qtty10 IOP 1 O CEh Quadart 3 80h 2 9 J4 or J5 qtty11 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 3 80h 2 10
29. 8 Oslpt The oslpt driver is the recommended replacement for the qslpt driver Note that it supports only Octarts For IOP s the qslpt driver must be used bit 176543210 marker ppooocuu The bits marked by p denote the protocol 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 3 7 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Chapter 3 00 XON XOFF protocol used also for CLQ 01 Not used 10 ETX ACK protocol 11 2 Not used The bits marked by o denote the octart number 000 Octart 1 Address CE 001 Octart 2 Address DO 010 Octart 3 Address D2 011 Octart 4 Address D4 100 Octart 5 Address D6 101 Octart 6 Address D8 110 Octart 7 Address DA 111 Octart 8 Address DC The bit marked by c denotes the connector O connector JI connector J2 The bits marked by u select the correct printer on a special Octart cable that allows four terminals or printers to be attached to an Octart connector Be sure that etc iostartup cmd actually downloads all affected Octarts from etc oct iop 33 9 lpt This driver supports parallel printers on PRI and TUART boards The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker 10 000uuuu The bits marked by u denote the unit number The values supported are 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 The sysdef file must list all minor device numbers to be used 3 3 10 ulpt The ulpt driver is the recommended replacement fo
30. 9 25 or 9 153 J4 gslpt27 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 47 80h 9 26 or 9 154 J6 qsipt28 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h 9 27 or 9 155 J8 qsipt29 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh 9 28 or 9 156 J2 qsipt30 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh 9 29 or 9 157 J4 qsipt31 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh 9 30 or 9 158 J6 qsipt32 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 8 AOh 9 31 or 9 159 J8 qslpt33 IOP 3 AER Quadart 9 40h 9 32 or 9 160 J2 gslpt34 IOP 3 AER Quadart 9 40h 9 33 or 9 161 J4 qslpt35 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 9 40h 9 34 or 9 162 J6 qslpt36 IOP 3 AER Quadart 9 40h 9 35 or 9 163 J8 qsipt37 IOP 3 AER Quadart 10 60h 9 36 or 9 164 J2 qsipt38 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 10 60h 9 37 or 9 165 J4 qsipt39 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 10 60h 9 38 or 9 166 J6 qsipt40 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 10 60h 9 39 or 9 167 J8 qsipt4i IOP 3 AEh Quadart 11 80h 9 40 or 9 168 J2 qsipt42 IOP 3 O AER Quadart 11 80h 9 41 or 9 169 JA qslpt43 IOP 3 AEN Quadart 11 80h 9 42 or 9 170 J6 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide A 9 Device File Definitions Appendix A qslpt44 JOP 3 AEh Quadart 411 80h 9 43 or 9 17 J8 qslpt45 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 412 AOh 9 44 or 9 172 J2 qsipt46 IOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 AOh 9 45 or 9 173 J4 qslpt47 JOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 AOh 9 46 or 9 174 J6 qslpt48 IOP 3 AER Quadart 12 AOh 9 47 or 9 175 J8 gslpt49 IOP 4 9Eh Quadar 13 40h 9 48 or 9 176 J2 qslpt50 IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h 9 49 or 9
31. Cromemco _ ilari Cromix Plus System Administrator s d Guide ES du O Cromemco Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 023 5020 October 1987 Rev F CROMEMCO Inc Copyright 1986 P O Box bon CROMEMCO Inc d All Rights Reserved Mountain Vie eim 94039 This manual was produced using a Cromemco System 300 computer running under the Cromemco UNIX Operating System The text was edited with the Cromemco CE Editor The edited text was formatted by the UNIX TROFF formatter and printed on a Texas Instruments OmniLaser 2108 printer The following are registered trademarks of Cromemco Inc C Net Cromemco Cromix FontMaster SlideMaster SpellMaster amp System Zero System Two System Three amp WriteMaster amp The following are trademarks of Cromemco Inc c 10 CalcMaster Cromix Plus DiskMaster Maximizer TeleMaster Y System One System 1007 System 120 System 2007 System 220 System 4007 System 420 UNIX is a registered trademark of Bell Laboratories 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals Program Cromix sys Root Device The Factory Shipped System Disks Cold Boot Process 5 Warm Boot Process Stopping The System Boot Disk Root Disk Executing Z80 Fico Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 3 1 3 2
32. I SE Ur ea 1 se ia vi Aen Zen Gei ep Ea TE d is an i m t let 3 SO vo Tow va um wei mb 7885 3427 A4 Om A3 QO A2 QmQ CONTROLLER 2 A7 O A A5 O CONTROLLER 4 CONTROLLER 3 CONTROLLER 1 ADDRESS E4 ADDRESS E8 ADDRESS EO ADDRESS F8 THE STDC BOARD Figure 5 11 11 5 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 5 4 Hard Disk Controller 5 4 1 The STDC The STDC hard disk controller board figure 5 11 uses an ST 506 standard interface to support a wide variety of hard disk drives The STDC firmware ROM 1C26 should be part number 502 0106 5 or higher The address jumpers A7 through A2 jumper area D should be set according to the diagram in figure 5 11 When shipped the boards are set for controller 1 Install a 34 conductor cable part number 519 0191 on CS1 and CS100 519 0193 on CS2 519 0195 on CS3 and CS300 from J1 on the STDC with the red cable stripe on the left to the edge connector on the drive If you have two hard disks install a dual drive control cable part number 519 0225 Install a 20 conductor cable part number 519 0190 on CS1 and CS100 519 0192 on CS2 519 0194 on CS3 and CS300 from J5 on the STDC to the edge connector on the drive If you have two hard disk drives install another data cable from J4 on the STDC to the second hard disk Connect the priority interrupt cable to J2 on the STDC refe
33. MM Power Up Address Jumper Cable Strip le gt A wm Russ 5 lt gt Cie BY 1097 EN dea dorm mies Tiere PS Co 74 164 aen I Sasin 8 0 87 74 8163 1C 54 Kn ET ICH LEGEND REV E n v O ras hs CHE SE Tas per lt gt ica Suse DM H lt p gt ICB i w je rac ee o e Ho rare E use NS RISK o gt Dar Ex Taso Je Gn 1041 gal Nt REI n mi I 14 St DO 4L58s x TES o Ge qi 75 C6 na N AAN 22 Bic ns e wi TEMPS 4 a 2 N b 74337 L eg 18 Al e re Copa t 1905 e CROMERC IMC 2 a A ei Sg 0304 74 5244 PLL RIGHTS ME SERVEL o 74591 rasis Ge 5 za J 38 gt mca UI NI AR Br nz 74925 N LU Ef e N 74338 gt 7406 EN 2 iex CH c Figure 5 1 THE XPU BOARD D 3 O o c o c O e O v O o P co00h Jumpers Select Jump Address THE DPU BOARD 2 Figure 5 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards 5 2 Memory Boards There are four memory boards to choose from the 2048MSU 2 megabytes of RAM the 512MSU 512 Kbytes of RAM the 1024KZ 1 megabyte of RAM and the 256KZ 256 Kbytes of RAM All are compatible with both the Cromix Plus and UNIX System V Operating Systems The 2048MSU and 512MSU are used in conjunction wi
34. Quadart 10 60h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 10 60h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 11 80h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 11 80h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 411 80h IOP 3 AEh Quadart 11 80h JOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 0 AOh IOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 AOh IOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 0 AOh IOP 3 AEh Quadart 12 AOh IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 13 40h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 14 60h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 15 80h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 415 80h IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh IOP 4 9Eh Quadart 16 AOh 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 2 19 2 20 2 21 2 22 2 23 2 24 2 25 2 26 2 27 2 28 2 29 2 30 2 31 2 32 2 33 2 34 2 35 2 36 2 31 2 38 2 39 2 40 2 41 2 42 2 43 2 44 2 45 2 46 2 47 2 48 2 49 2 50 2 91 2 52 2 53 2 54 2 55 2 56 2 57 2 58 2 59 2 60 2 61 2 62 2 63 Device File Definitions J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or JS J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or JS J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 o
35. System RAM 3 0 A 2 8 Floppy Device Board Type Device Number Board Name Base Port Major Minor Connector fda 64FDC 00h 1 0 J3 fdb 64FDC 00h 1 1 J3 fdc 64FDC 00h 12 J3 fdd 64FDC 00h 1 3 J3 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide A 1 Device File Definitions Appendix A A 3 8 Persci Device Board Type s Device Number 16FDC Name Q Base Port Major Minor Connector dfda 16FDC 00h 1 16 J3 dfdb 16FDC 00h 1 17 J3 dfdc 16FDC 00h 1 18 J3 dfdd 16FDC 00h 1 19 J3 AA 5 1 4 Floppy Device Board Type s Device Number 64FDC 16FDC Name D Base Port Major Minor Connector sfda 64FDC 2 00h or 16FDC 2 00h 4 J2 sfdb 64FDC 2 00h or 16FDC 00h 1 5 J2 sfdc 64FDC 00h or 16FDC 00h 1 6 J2 sfdd 64FDC 2 00h or 16FDC 00h 1 7 J2 A 5 Uniform Format Floppies Uniform format floppies are floppies that have all tracks in the same format and all sectors the same size The sector size may be 128 256 512 or 1024 bytes 1024 byte sectors can only be read by special utility programs such as rcopy bin and readall bin The minor device number describes the physical characteristics of the device using the following scheme Minor device unit small dtrack dual sside sdens Where unit 0 1 2 or 3 for A B C or D respectively small 4 for 5 1 4 diskettes O for 8 diskettes dtrack 8 for double tracked not supported O otherwise dual 16 for drives in pairs e g Persci 0 otherwise sside 32 for sin
36. ad system 2 ftar cv b 1000 dev stpi system 3 d bin system 4 ftar cv b 1000 dev stp1 system 6 mode stp1 unload Note the use of the Load and Unload commands as well as the Rewind command to rewind to tape to the beginning 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 3 13 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Chapter 3 Mode Utility The mode utility may be used for various SCSI tape drive functions A full description of the utility s function for this and other devices can be found in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual The mode command used with only the device name as an argument will return information about the tape drive For example system 1 mode stpi SCSI Tape 8 0 Block 1 End of tape EOFclose File 1 Load point ON LINE READY SOFTerr 0 VERsion 03 10 Wrt protect Entries returned by mode display information about the device Some entries display Boolean TRUE FALSE information others display numerical information In the case of the Boolean entries the preceding any entry indicates that the condition is false For example End of tape indicates that the the tape is NOT at the end The ON LINE entry indicates that the tape IS loaded Other entries provide numerical information such as the number of soft errors encountered SOFTerr or the block within a file at which the tape head is currently located Block It is also possible to issue commands to the tape drive via the mode ut
37. age and install up to four 26 conductor cables part number 519 0086 on CS1 amp CS100 519 0017 on CS2 519 0008 on CS3 amp CS300 from connectors J2 through J5 on the TU ART board with the red cable stripe on the left to any of the rear panel connector slots Plug the parallel printer cables into the rear panel connectors coming from J2 or J3 on the TU ART plug the terminal cables into the rear panel connectors coming from J4 or J5 Mark the rear panel to indicate the device associated with each connector refer to appendix A Connect the priority interrupt cable to J1 on the TU ART refer to the last section of this chapter 5 5 5 The PRI Two PRI boards can be installed in a single system and each PRI supports one dot matrix printer and one typewriter printer both Centronics style parallel devices Set the PRI switches and jumpers as shown in figure 5 18 When using a TU ART and a PRI together assign a different address to each board compare figures 5 17 and 5 18 Insert the PRI into any card slot in the system card cage and install two 26 conductor cables part number 519 0086 on CS1 amp CS100 519 0017 on CS2 519 0008 on CS3 amp CS300 from connectors JI and J2 on the PRI board with the red cable stripe on the left to any of the rear panel connector slots The dot matrix printer cable plugs into the rear panel connector coming from J1 on the PRI the typewriter printer cable plugs into the rear panel connector coming from J2
38. an the expected CRC This error usually means that the data just read is incorrect 0C Failed to Read Cannot Locate Sector The sector cannot be found on the current track This error occurs if the media surface is damaged or if the controller electronics are not functioning properly 0D Surface is Write Protected The surface selected for the current write command is write protected and cannot be written to OE Failed to Select Unit There was an attempt to select a drive that was not present or the controller or drive B 6 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix B Disk Error Messages OF 10 11 12 malfunctioned Failed to Select Head The drive has returned a fault error on attempting to select a non existent head Index Pulse Timeout Index pulses were not being received properly Seek Range Error There was an attempt to access a non existent track Buffer not Available Error occurred while trying to flush write buffers B 3 STDC Hard Disk System Errors The following error codes are displayed when a system disk error occurs 00 01 02 04 No Acknowledge Received from Drive The drive did not acknowledge a command sent to it Make sure the drive is connected properly Drive Remains BUSY Acknowledge Stuck Low The acknowledge signal from the drive did not go high again after the command strobe went inactive Timeout Occurred during Rezeroing A rezero command did not comp
39. apter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes 33 2 Utty The utty driver is the recommended replacement for the tty driver It supports terminals on 64FDC and TUART boards The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker 10 000uuuu The bits marked by u denote the unit number The values supported are 0 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 The sysdef file must list all minor device numbers to be used 3 3 3 Qtty The gtty driver supports terminals on Octarts and IOP Quadarts 33 31 Octart bit 176543210 marker im0oo0cuu The bit denoted by m handles hangup signals O do not generate hangup signals 1 generate hangup signal if the phone line breaks Modem terminals mtty must have this bit set The bits marked by o indicate the octart number 00 Octart 1 Address CE 01 Octart 2 Address BE 10 Octart 3 Address AE 11 Octart 4 Address 9E The bit marked by c denotes the connector 0 connector J1 connector J2 The bits marked by u select the correct terminal on a special Octart cable that allows four terminals to be plugged into an Octart connector 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 3 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Chapter 3 3 3 3 2 IOP Quadart bit 176543210 marker m0Oiiggcc The bit marked by m handles hangup signals O use the even numbered connector 1 use the odd numbered connector modem Modem terminals m
40. ault will enable only the system console The command system 1 init 2 will enable the rest of the terminals The second field contains the terminal baud rate The ttyl terminal should contain an n in this field which represents no change the baud rate was determined by RDOS For other terminals this field can contain an a for automatic baud rate or one of the supported baud rates can be used see the equ modeequ h file Automatic baud rate means the the user must type a RETURN a few times to establish the baud rate The third field contains the device name of the terminal The fourth field contains the terminal type For hard wired terminals enter the correct terminal type For modem terminals mtty this field should remain dumb as it is not possible to determine what type of terminal the user is going to have The fifth field contains the automatic login name The login name system should probably be deleted from the ttyl terminal entry Changes to the ttys file can be made effective by rebooting or executing the kill 1 1 command The only change which can be made to active terminals is to make them inactive If a terminal is inactive the entire line can be changed and if the change enabled the terminal the kill 1 1 command will make it active according to the new definitions Note that the command system 1 init lt number gt will also bring terminals up to date Do NOT enable terminals that do not exist This is
41. bers Minor devno Base address Interrupt number 2 0x20 Ox2c 5 0x50 OxSc Supports serial printers on FDC and on TUARTS The driver name must be followed by a list of minor device numbers supported Minor devno Base address 0 0x00 FDC 25 0x20 Ox50 6 7 0x60 0x70 8 9 0x80 0x90 10 11 0xa0 OxbO Applicable minor device numbers may be modified with possible communication protocol offsets Use above numbers for XON XOFF protocol add 64 for CLQ type printers add 128 for ETX ACK protocol This driver is intended to replace the slpt driver The old driver is still included in case the new driver does not behave as expected Supports serial printers on FDC and on TUARTS The driver name must be followed by a list of minor device numbers supported Minor devno Base address 0 Not applicable FDC 2 5 0x20 0x50 6 7 0x60 0x70 8 9 0x80 0x90 10 11 Oxa0 OxbO Applicable minor device numbers may be modified with possible communication protocol offsets Use above numbers for XON XOFF protocol add 64 for CLQ type printers add 128 for ETX ACK protocol Supports both OCTART serial printers Ensure that the OCTARTs will have the code downloaded See iostartup cmd Arguments are IOP OCTART numbers 1 8 which have the oct iop code downloaded Octart IOP Base address 1 Uxce 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Appendix C qsipt ffp tape sctp The Sysdef File OxdO Oxd2 Oxd4 Oxd6 Oxd8 Oxda Ox
42. ce Name qttyl qtty2 qtty3 qtty4 qtty5 qtty6 qtty7 qtty8 qtty17 qtty18 qtty19 qtty20 qtty21 qtty22 qtty23 qtty24 qtty33 qtty34 qtty35 qtty36 qtty37 qtty38 qtty39 qtty40 qtty49 qtty50 qtty51 qtty52 qtty53 qtty54 qtty55 qtty56 Board Type Base Port OCTART 1 9 CEh OCTART 1 9 CEh OCTART 1 CEh OCTART 1 CEh OCTART 1 CEh OCTART 1 CEh OCTART 1 CEh OCTART 1 CEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 2 BEh OCTART 3 AEN OCTART 3 AEh OCTART 3 AEh OCTART 3 AEh OCTART 3 AEh OCTART 3 AEh OCTART 3 AEh OCTART 3 AEh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh OCTART 4 9Eh 9 51 or 9 179 9 52 or 9 180 9 53 or 9 181 9 54 or 9 182 9 55 or 9 183 Device Number Major Minor 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 16 2 17 2 18 2 19 2 20 2 21 2122 2 23 2 32 2 33 2 34 2 35 2 36 2 37 2 38 2 39 2 48 2 49 2 50 2 51 2 52 2 53 2 54 2 55 JI J2 J2 J2 J2 Appendix A OCTART Connector J1 Jl J1 J1 J2 J2 J2 J2 J1 J1 J1 J1 J2 J2 J2 J2 J1 J1 J1 J1 J2 J2 J2 J2 Ji J1 JI Ji J2 J2 J2 J2 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix A Device File Definitions A 16 IOP QUADART Serial Printers Device Board Type s Device Number
43. cond argument should be b for block devices C for character devices The third argument is the major device number The gen sysdef file can associate any driver with any major device number though it is strongly recommended that the conventions suggested in the sysdef file be adhered to Under Cromix Plus device I O works as follows I O references are made to a device file This device 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrators Guide 3 1 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Chapter 3 file has a device type and major device number associated with it The major device number selects a device driver software interface as specified in the gen sysdef file The driver knows the class of devices it must support The actual device is selected by the minor device number The minor device number fourth makdev argument specifies the actual device from the class of devices that the driver supports Occasionally the minor device number contains additional information For example the cflop driver for Cromemco style floppy disks can support four drives There are however 12 minor device numbers available with 12 device files The minor device numbers 0 1 2 and 3 refer to the four possible floppy controller channels A B C and D If 4 is added to the minor device number the physical device referred to is still the same the addition of 4 denotes that the actual disk drive is a 5 1 4 drive instead of an 8 drive If 16 is added to the mi
44. connector to the next highest priority board the third connector to the next highest and so on The suggested order of board priorities is 64FDC 16FDC OCTART TU ART IOP BIART GPIB CTI PRI and STDC The IN pin of the highest priority board the 64FDC 16FDC is not connected nor is the OUT pin of the lowest priority board the last board in the chain The order of the boards is not critical as long as the 64FDC 16FDC is first and the STDC is last No boards or connectors should be skipped and any unused connectors must be at the end of the cable farthest from the 64FDC 16FDC Do NOT connect the priority cable to the WDI II or Maximizer boards If the priority connectors are not color coded install the cable so that the OUT pin of the higher priority board is linked to the IN pin of the next highest board the IN pin is on the right on all boards except 64FDC 16FDC revision C of the STDC and CTI 5 7 DMA Priority Cable The DMA priority cable part number 519 0029 determines the order in which boards requesting DMA at the same time actually gain control of the bus If multiple STDC s multiple ESDC s or an STDC with an ESDC are used this cable must be attached to connector J3 on each board The order of boards is not important as long as the cable is connected from the OUT pin of the higher priority board the IN pin of the next lower priority board All STDC s must have a new IC37 part number 502 0086 2 or higher to be used anywhere
45. cted to prevent them from being accidently erased or overwritten The 5 1 4 release disks should have a sticker on the upper right edge 8 release disks should NOT have a sticker on the bottom edge You can ignore the Read only file system messages issued by the mount unmount and updatel commands However when using the Mount command to list the mounted devices the mount utility canpot know which devices are mounted because the mount table the etc mnt file cannot be written to it is a write protected root device Use the system console the terminal connected to J4 on the 64FDC 16FDC board for all dialogue in the procedures that follow refer to chapters 4 and 5 for hardware installation User entries are in boldfaced type and all entries must be terminated by pressing the RETURN key 2 1 Booting Cromix Plus From STDC Hard Disks Version 03 12 of RDOS Cromemco s Resident Disk Operating System allows for booting Cromix Plus directly to a variety of STDC hard disk partitions or to floppy disk In addition to RDOS 03 12 STDC firmware 01 23 or higher is required Users who wish to boot directly to WDI hard disk drives must still use RDOS version 03 08 It will be necessary to write a boot track to the device refer to the discussion of wboot utility in the Cromix Plus Users Reference Manual 2 2 Determining Your Version of RDOS To determine your version of RDOS simply reset your system and press ESC when the message Preparing
46. d against writing and should never be enabled for writing by e adding a write enable sticker on an 8 system disk e removing the write protect sticker from an 5 1 4 system disk System disks should be copied and then stored in a safe place Disk 1 5 1 4 This disk is bootable A bootable disk means it contains a boot track and can be used as the root device Disk 1 contains a minimal Cromix Plus file structure and should be used only for these tasks e To check via the check command the integrity of the file system on the hard disk or hard disk partition which is intended for use as the root device e To correct problems in the file structure on the hard disk e To run the updatel command file to update the hard disk Disk 82 5 1 4 This disk is also bootable It also contains the minimal Cromix Plus file structure The disk should be used to initialize the hard disks to build file structures on them to check the file system integrity etc Once you have a good file structure on the hard disk you must reboot disk 1 to run the Update command Later if you run into trouble with your hard disk you will have to boot this disk again to correct any problems The remaining disks are in ftar format They are used in the second step of the update procedure update2 command Disk 1 8 This disk is bootable and contains all utilities from the 5 1 4 disks 1 and 2 The remaining disks are in ftar format They are used
47. d all boards e Create any necessary device files e Generate a new cromix sys e Reboot the system e Test the new boards with non destructive commands e g mode e When installing a new terminal try it off line initially For example system 1 mode new terminal system 2 mode new terminal baud 9600 system 3 echo Hello dev new terminal If the terminal seems to work and it is intended to be used as a login terminal the etc ttys file must be modified If an entry for the new terminal already exists disabled enable it and execute the kill 1 1 command If the etc ttys file does not contain an entry for the new terminal add a new line to it with the terminal still disabled and reboot the system Enable the terminal and execute the kill 1 1 command NEVER delete or add a line to the etc ttys file without rebooting the system 3 16 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 4 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems Chapter 4 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems This chapter describes how to install and test terminals printers and modems on a Cromix Plus system The I O interface boards that control these peripherals are discussed in chapter 5 4 1 Terminals All terminals used in Cromix systems must exchange ASCII coded characters use RS 232C interface circuits not 20 mA current loop and have a DB 25 plug on one end of the terminal cable To use the C 10 computer as a terminal refe
48. d press ESCAPE in order to abort the incorrect boot process RDOS will revert to its prompt CL As in the above case enter the command bet If at any time the hard disk cannot be successfully booted follow the update procedure described in the following section If the system was successfully booted to the hard disk and the version on the hard disk matches that of the floppy disks there is no need to update the system 2 5 Updating The Hard Disk If the hard disk cannot be successfully booted or if the system on the hard disk has an incorrect version number the hard disk must be updated The first step in the update process is to boot release floppy disk 1 Insert floppy disk 1 and reset the system typing RETURN a few times might be necessary When the following display appears Bank0 gt 0123456789ABCDEF A A A A A AAA A A A A A A Preparing to boot Std0 type ESC to abort Standby press the ESCAPE key before the word Standby is displayed The RDOS prompt should now be displayed Enter the RDOS command ba boot from device A The following will now appear on the terminal Bank0 gt 0123456789ABCDEF AM iA A A A A A A A A A A A Preparing to boot Floppy A type ESC to abort Standby Address Memory test by 16K blocks 000000 4 4 4 4 4 4 Floppy 1 STDC 6 ESDC 11 2 4 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrators Guide Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up Enter ma
49. dc 0 JANA W t2 This driver is intended to replace the qslpt driver The old driver is still included in case the new driver does not behave as expected Supports both octart and IOP serial printers Ensure that the IOPs and or octarts will have the code downloaded See iostartup cmd Arguments are IOP OCTART numbers 1 2 3 or 4 which have the quadart iop or octart iop code downloaded Octart IOP Base address 1 Oxce 2 Oxbe 3 Oxae 4 0x9e Supports FFP processor driver No arguments Supports up to four nine track tape units The IOPs must be loaded with the tape8 iop or with the tapel6 iop driver The tape16 iop driver can be used only with a 64K IOP board and it allows block sizes up to 16K Arguments are IO numbers 1 2 3 or 4 Minor device numbers corresponding to these IO numbers are O 1 2 or 3 Octart IOP Base address Oxce 2 Oxbe 3 Oxae 4 Ox9e Supports up to 28 SCSI tape drives Arguments are minor device numbers of the devices that are supported Minor device Base address 0 6 Oxe2 8 14 Oxe6 16 22 Oxe4 24 30 Oxe8 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide C 7 The Sysdef File Appendix C cnet Supports CNET hardware No arguments Block device drivers uflop allmem tflop Supports Tandon or PERSCI drives No arguments The minor device number is defined as unit small dual where unit 0 1 2 or 3 for A B C D small 4 if 5 zero if 8 dual 16 if drive
50. e as reported by the drive This may be any of several errors 03 Failed to Seek to Correct Track The sector header as read off the disk is not what the drivers expected thus the current disk location is incorrect 04 Failed to Read CRC of Header The CRC for the header as read from the disk is incorrect it is different than what was expected Most likely the current disk location is incorrect or the media surface is damaged 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide B 5 Disk Error Messages Appendix B 05 Failed to Rezero Timeout A rezero command did not complete within a specified time Check the drive electronics 06 Fault Occurred after Rezeroing A fault error occurred within the drive after a rezero command was executed This may be any of several errors 07 Drive not Ready The ready signal from the drive is not active Make sure the drive is connected properly 08 Failed to Write Fault Error During the write a fault error occurred within the drive as reported by the drive This may be any of several errors 09 Failed to Verify after Write After data is written to the disk it is read back and verified This error occurs if the data cannot be properly verified 0A Failed to Read Fault Error During the read a fault error occurred within the drive as reported by the drive This may be any Of several errors 0B Failed to Read CRC Error The CRC read from the disk is incorrect it is different th
51. e tape to that block number Display indicates the current file number at which the tape head is located Files begin numbering at one The F command followed by a numerical argument will seek the tape to block 1 of that file number Boolean Display indicates whether the tape controller will write a double file mark when the device is closed The EOF and EOF commands can be used to change this status Command only The A command positions the tape at the end of recorded data The drive is ready to write the next file Command only The S command erases the tape at high speed Command only The FM command writes an end of file mark on the tape Command only The L command causes the drive to be placed in the proper mode to access the tape ON LINE NOTE On some drives loading a tape also causes a rewind Command only The U command causes the drive to be place in the proper mode for tape cartridge removal ON LINE NOTE Unloading a tape causes a rewind Command only The R command repositions the tape to the physical beginning of the tape It is only possible to write to an SCSI tape after a Rewind Append or Load command 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 3 15 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Chapter 3 3 4 Final Hints A few trouble shooting hints e Install boards before modifying any files Carefully include drivers in the sysdef file e Edit the etc iostartup cmd file to downloa
52. e that allows four terminals to be plugged into an Octart connector Be sure that etc iostartup cmd actually downloads all affected Octarts from etc oct iop 3 3 5 Slpt This driver supports serial printers on 64FDC and TUART boards The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker ppOOuuuu The bits marked by p denote the communications protocol 00 XON XOFF protocol 01 CLQ type printer needs special cable 10 ETX ACK protocol 11 Not used The bits marked by u denote the unit number The values supported are 0 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 The sysdef file must list all minor device numbers to be used 3 3 6 Uslpt The uslpt driver is the recommended replacement for the slpt driver It supports serial printers on 64FDC and TUART boards The minor device number is structured in binary as follows 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrators Guide 3 5 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes bit 176543210 marker IppOQuuuu The bits marked by p denote the communications protocol 00 XON XOFF protocol 01 CLQ type printer needs special cable 10 ETX ACK protocol 11 Not used The bits marked by u denote the unit number The values supported are 0 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 The sysdef file must list all minor device numbers to be used 3 3 7 Qslpt The qslpt driver supports serial printers on IOP Quadarts and on Octarts 3 3 7 1 Octart bit 176543210
53. ecting the disk Seek Error occurred in seeking a track on the disk Read Error occurred during a read from the disk Write Error occurred during a write to the disk Home Error occurred in seeking track 0 on the disk Preread Error occurred during preread Read Address Error occurred during a read address operation Write Track Error occurred during a write track operation uu is the unit number 0 3 XX is the side number 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Bees Disk Error Messages Appendix B cc is the track in decimal where the error occurred SS is the sector number in decimal where the error occurred ff is an 8 bit byte displayed in hexadecimal indicating the disk flags when the error occurred ee is the 8 bit status byte displayed in hexadecimal which describes the error and the conditions at the time the error occurred The status byte is a hexadecimal number that is either one of the hex values in the table below or the combination or two or more of those hex values The bits which correspond to those hex values describe the reasons or the error DISK FLAGS Flag bits set D7 DRO D6 BOOT DS HEADLOAD D4 INHIBIT INIT D3 MOTOR ON D2 MOTOR TIMEOUT D1 AUTOWAIT TIMEOUT DO EOJ D7 Data Request DRQ A high in bit 7 indicates the 16FDC has a byte from the disk or needs a byte for the disk according to the current operation D6 Boot A low in bit 6 indicates that SW3 is set to BOOT A high in bit 6 indicate
54. ed part 1 removable part The bits marked by b denote the beginning head number 0 31 3 3 16 SCSI Chapter 3 The sctp driver supports SCSI tape drives Up to seven SCSI tape dnves can be connected to an ESDC controller Up to four controllers may be present in a system The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker 1000ccddd The bits marked by c denote the controller number 00 controller 1 01 controller 2 10 controller 3 11 controller 4 The bits marked by d denote the drive number 000 drive 1 001 drive 2 010 drive 3 011 drive 4 100 drive 5 101 drive 6 3 12 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes 110 drive 7 The driver accesses the drives as character devices The major device number is 8 and minor device numbers are assigned as discussed above The standard device names are dev stp1 dev stp2 A SCSI tape is considered to be ON LINE or loaded when the tape cartridge is correctly inserted in the drive and the drive is in the proper mode to access it This state varies somewhat between drive manufacturers To ensure that the tape is always properly loaded and unloaded it is recommended that the mode utility see below always be used to load a tape after insertion and unload a tape prior to removal The SCSI tape is capable of writing more than one file to a tape cart
55. gle sided O for double sided sdens 64 for single density 0 for double density Examples Listed below are two of the most common uniform floppy types encountered For double sided double density 8 diskettes Device Device Number 64FDC 16FDC Name Major Minor Connector ufda 2 0 J3 A 2 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix A Device File Definitions ufdb 2 1 J3 ufdc 2 2 J3 ufdd 23 J3 For double sided double density 5 1 4 diskettes Device Device Number 64FDC 16FDC Name Major Minor Connector usfda 2 4 J2 usfdb 2 5 J2 usfdc 2 6 J2 usfdd 2 J2 A 6 64FDC Cartridge Tape Drives Device Board Type s Device Number 64FDC Name Base Port Major Minor Connector ftab 64FDC 00h 4 0 J2 or J3 ftcd 64FDC 00h 4 4 J2 or J3 fftab 64FDC 00h 4 8 J2 or J3 fftcd 64FDC 2 00h 4 12 J2 or J3 A 7 STDC Hard Disk Drives Device Board Type Device Number STDC Name Base Port Major Minor Connector stdO STDC F8h 6 0 J5 std STDC O F8h 6 1 JS std31 STDC F8h 6 31 J5 std32 STDC F8h 6 32 J4 std33 STDC F8h 6 33 J4 std63 STDC F8h 6 63 J4 std64 STDC EOh 6 64 J5 std65 STDC EOh 6 65 J5 68020 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide A 3 Device File Definitions std95 std96 std97 std127 std128 std129 std159 std160 std161 std191 std192 std193 std223 std224 std225 std255 STDC EOh STDC EOh STDC 2 EOh STDC EOh STDC E4h STDC E4h STDC E4h STDC E4h STDC E4h STDC E4h STDC
56. han the version displayed by Cromix Plus the hard disk must be updated from the floppy disks Shutdown the system and follow the update procedure outlined later in this chapter If the system is not set to auto boot the following prompt should appear RDOS version xx yy Enter the RDOS command bet The letter b invokes the RDOS boot command the characters stO denote the boot device STD hard disk partition 0 Following this command the cold boot should proceed as described above If the system does not boot boot to a system floppy diskette and update the hard disk ba Floppy disk A large or small bb Floppy disk B large or small bc Floppy disk C large or small bd Floppy disk D large or small bstO STD hard disk O partition zero bstl STD hard disk 0 partition one bstle STD hard disk O partition 30 1E hexadecimal bst20 STD hard disk 1 partition zero bst21 STD hard disk 1 partition one bst3e STD hard disk 1 partition 30 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 2 3 Initial Cromix System Start up Chapter 2 NOTE Decimal values may be added as well They must be terminated with a For example bst32 It may happen that the system is configured to boot to the incorrect device Refer to the description of the 16FDC and 64FDC in Chapter 5 In this case the boot procedure will not proceed to the memory test It may halt prior to displaying Standby In either case reset the system an
57. he number of arguments and their meaning depend on the particular driver See description at the end for the arguments a driver might require System memory size maxmem 2 Amount of supported memory expressed in 256K units Character devices CDEV 01 utty O Suggested utty or tty CDEV 02 Suggested otty or qtty CDEV 03 sysdev System driver required CDEV 04 timer Timer driver required CDEV 05 Suggested ulpt or ipt CDEV 06 Suggested typ CDEV 07 Suggested uslpt or slpt CDEV 08 scpt 0 1 Suggested scpt CDEV 09 Suggested osipt or qsipt CDEV 10 Suggested ffp CDEV 11 Suggested tape CDEV 12 Suggested cnet CDEV 13 Not used CDEV 14 Not used CDEV 15 Not used CDEV 16 Not used 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide C 1 The Sysdef File Block devices BDEV 01 cflop BDEV 02 BDEV 03 alimem BDEV 04 BDEV 05 BDEV 06 stdc 1 BDEV 07 smd O BDEV 08 hd BDEV 09 BDEV 10 xpu 8 BDEV 11 esdi 1 BDEV 12 Primitive terminal device RAW raw fdc Root device ROOT none ROOT none ROOT boot ROOT 60 Customized logon message LOGMSG Boot System Default access Appendix C Cromemco floppy driver Suggested uflop Amem driver required Suggested tflop 0 Suggested ramdsk STDC driver Removable part of SMD 0 IMI hard disk Suggested zio Z80 on XPU DPU ESDI driver Not used FDC primitive terminal driver Means
58. he parent process of a process whose parent was killed for any reason e executes the update system call flush whenever notified by the timer Process one is always running at some level This level can be any number in the range 1 15 At the very beginning the run level of process one is set to one The command system 1 init lt number gt may be issued to change the run level of process one to number The run level of process one is recorded in the file etc level The command system 1 init can be used to display the current run level of process one The file etc ttys contains a list of available terminals Each line of the file etc ttys describes one terminal These lines consist of a number of fields separated by colons The first field contains a list of run levels separated by spaces The general rule can be stated as follows A terminal will be active only if the run level of process one equals one of the listed values There are two exceptions 2 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals A terminal which contains the number 1 in the list of run levels is always active whatever the run level of process one A terminal which contains O in the list of run levels is not active whatever the run level of process one This rule overrides all other rules stated above A typical example of the use of run levels is as follows All nonexistent terminals would con
59. home directories provided for userl and user2 The system administrator and other privileged users are strongly discouraged from scattering files throughout the system Every user privileged or not should have a home directory in the usr directory This simplifies partial backup on a user by user basis 1 9 Executing Z80 Programs Versions of Cromix Plus later than 31 38 are capable of executing Z80 programs Z80 Cromix bin programs and CDOS com files on a number of different devices in addition to the processor located on the XPU DPU board The program bin z80 bin is used as a general purpose simulator which executes Z80 programs z80 bin will attempt to open in order any of the devices in the dev z80 directory The order in which the z80 utility will scan for the first unused device is the same order that the devices are 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 9 Cromix System Fundamentals Chapter 1 displayed when the directory is dumped using the dump utility system 1 dump dev z80 z80 bin will execute the program upon successfully opening one of these device The appropriate drivers must be crogen ed into Cromix Plus before these devices can be used There are two drivers available e The xpu driver can run any number of Z80 programs using the Z80 processor located on XPU DPU board Minor device numbers are arbitrary numbers The zio driver can run one Z80 program per device on a BIART OCTART
60. ibute sighup is on and the remote modem hangs up or if either Data Carrier Detect DCD or Clear To Send CTS are lost before a user hangs up then a kill signal is sent to all processes started by the user and the user is automatically logged off If sighup is on and the user logs off normally circuit DTR is briefly turned off then turned back on this hangs up the modem on the Cromix system end and permits another user to phone in Strapping DTR high as allowed by some modems prevents the driver from hanging up the modem 4 4 2 Octart At present the OCTART board can support an intelligent modem under the following conditions no device name is required 1 The modem to OCTART cable Cromemco part CBL HAYES P N 519 0249 must be wired as shown in figure 4 2 2 For the Hayes Smartmodem 1200 and other compatible modems the user must change configuration switches 1 and 6 to the UP OFF position to enable pins 8 and 20 the remaining switches should be in the DOWN ON position 44 3 The Mtty Device Version 11 22 of the OCTART IOP software supports the Modem control signals In particular it handles the DCD and DTR signals This however has been implemented only for the Hayes Smartmodem 1200 and compatibles and requires a special cable from Octart to modem The following has been observed in order to fully utilize the recognition of DCD signal 1 Using the Smartmodem in the answer mode Switches 1 and 6 of the Hayes Smart
61. ide Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards 52 6 The 256KZ The 256KZ board has no jumpers to set and no cables to install Set the 256KZ switches as shown in figure 5 8 The PROM at IC39 must be removed from all but the first board 5 3 Floppy Disk Controller Boards Cromemco makes two floppy disk controller boards the 64FDC and the 16FDC Both boards use the same cables and support up to four single or double sided single or double density 5 1 4 or 8 floppy disk drives Both boards feature the Resident Disk Operating System program RDOS and an RS 232C serial channel initially linked to the system console 5 3 1 The 64FDC The RDOS program stored in ROM on IC25 must be version 02 52 or higher The standard 64FDC switch settings for RDOS 02 52 through 03 08 see figure 5 9 configure the board as follows If your 64FDC has an RDOS ROM version 03 12 use the information that follows these procedures 1 Switch 1 OFF allows RDOS to adjust the serial channel after receiving a few RETURN characters to the baud rate of the system console attached to J4 on the 64FDC H switch 1 is ON the baud rate is preset to 300 baud 2 Switches 2 3 and 4 are OFF so that at power up or reset RDOS automatically reads Drive A to find the bootstrap routine If you want to boot the system from a different drive use the appropriate switch settings shown below Switch 2 Switch 3 Floppy Disk A Floppy Disk B Floppy Disk C Floppy Disk D
62. ility Some of the entries can also serve as commands to mode in order to control the tape drive For example to move to tape to the second file on the tape enter system 1 mode stpl F 2 There are commands in addition to those listed in the mode display which may be issued The following is a list of possible mode values and command arguments End of tape Boolean Indicates whether or not the tape is positioned at the physical end point of the tape Load Point Boolean Indicates whether or not the tape is positioned at the physical beginning point of the tape READY Boolean Indicates whether or not the tape drive is ready ON LINE Boolean Indicates whether or not the tape drive considers the tape to be loaded Wrt protect Boolean Indicates whether the tape cartridge is physically write protected 3 14 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 3 VERsion SOFTerr Block File EOFclose Append Secure FMark Load Unload Rewind NOTE Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Indicates the ESDC controller firmware version number Display indicates the number of soft recoverable errors during write operations The SOFT command followed by a numerical argument will set SOFTerr to that number Display indicates the current block within a file at which the tape head is located Blocks begin numbering at one for each file The B command followed by a numerical argument will seek th
63. in e ensure that etc iostartup cmd downloads all controllers 3 3 14 Esdc Cromix Peripherals Software Changes An ESDC hard disk can contain up to 31 partitions numbered O 30 Partition 31 refers to the entire disk The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker Iccdppppp The bits marked by c denote the controller number 00 controller 1 01 controller 2 10 controller 3 11 controller 4 The bit marked by d denotes the drive number O drive 0 1 drive 1 The bits marked by p denote the partition number 0 31 If more than one controller is being used e include it in the sysdef file e connect all controllers via the DMA chain e if STDC and ESDC controllers are used in the same system ensure that IC37 on the higher priority STDC board is part number 502 0086 2 or higher or make the ESDC controller the highest priority og the two boards 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide ensure that etc iostartup cmd downloads all controllers 3 11 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes 3 3 15 Smd SMD hard disks have the minor device number structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker Icdrbbbbb The bit marked by c denotes the controller number 0 Controller 1 1 Controller 2 The bit marked by d denotes the drive number O drive 0 1 drive 1 The bit marked by r denotes the removable part O fix
64. in the second step of the update procedure update2 command 1 4 Cold Boot Process The 16FDC and 64FDC boards contain a Programmable Read Only Memory PROM chip that contains the RDOS Resident Disk Operating System program Upon system reset or power up it is the RDOS program that begins execution RDOS can establish communication with the FDC terminal 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 1 5 Cromix System Fundamentals Chapter 1 This terminal is called the boot terminal The boot terminal is used by RDOS to display messages and questions to the operator The operator uses it to type commands and responses to RDOS RDOS also is responsible for booting the operating system In order to boot the system RDOS must be told from which device to boot RDOS reads the bootstrap program from the boot device loads it into memory and executes it The bootstrap program then reads the program to be booted usually cromix sys loads it into memory and executes it The details of this process are described in the next chapter 1 5 Warm Boot Process If Cromix is already running a privileged user can boot the system without resetting the computer This is called a warm boot Warm booting means that a new copy of the operating system will be loaded into memory and executed All running processes will be killed and the old operating system will terminate The new copy of the operating system will begin execution as if it were loaded
65. it Boards Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards This chapter describes the cables switch settings and jumper selectable options for all of the Cromemco circuit boards used in standard Cromix Plus systems Refer to your system manual for details on accessing the system card cage securing connectors to the rear panel and so on For more information on a particular board refer to the appropriate board manual listed in the introduction 5 1 CPU Boards There are two central processor boards to choose from the 68000 68010 Z80B based XPU board and the 68000 Z80A based DPU board The XPU is compatible with both the Cromix Plus and UNIX System V Operating Systems 5 1 1 The XPU The XPU board has no switches to set As shipped traces at A15 and A14 figure 5 1 set the power up and reset address to C000h the starting address of the ROM based RDOS program on the 64FDC 16FDC board Insert the XPU in any slot in the system card cage Install a 34 conductor cable part number 519 0062 from the XPU to the XMM board with the red cable stripe to the left 5 1 2 The DPU The DPU board has no switches to set and no cables to install As shipped traces at A15 and A14 figure 5 2 set the power up and reset address to C000h the starting address of the ROM based RDOS program on the 64FDC 16FDC board Insert the DPU in any card slot 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Sei Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards Connection to X
66. jor device number The floppy disk will be the root device type 1 followed by RETURN The following will be displayed fda 0 fdb 1 fdc 2 fdd 3 sfda 4 sfdb 5 sfdc 6 fdd 7 dfda 16 dfdb 17 dfdc 18 dfdd 19 Enter minor root device number Enter 0 if drive A is an 8 floppy drive 4 if drive A is an 5 1 4 floppy drive 16 if drive A is an 8 PERSCI floppy drive The boot will proceed as described in the previous section with the following differences e The error message Read only file system will appear occasionally It is caused by the system s inability to write to the write protected floppy e A different etc startup msg file will be displayed Press CONTROL Q to display more text e The Shell prompt will be instead of system 1 This is a result of the system s inability to write to the etc who file on the write protected diskette Execute the check command check std0 This program will check for inconsistencies in the file structure on the hard disk If the check utility reports ANY errors do NOT proceed until they are repaired The next section describes methods of correcting errors in the file structure If check reports no errors execute the command updatel std0 The command will first rename a few files which might have custom information This will prevent them from being over written These files are etc ce_env etc group etc iostartup cmd etc login cmd etc mo
67. lete within a specified time Check the drive electronics Fault Condition Reported by Drive A fault condition occurred within the drive as reported by the drive This may be any of several errors Failed to Read CRC Error The CRC just read from the disk is incorrect it is different than the expected CRC This error 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator e Guide B 7 Disk Error Messages Appendix B usually means the data just read is incorrect 05 Header Off the Disk Does Not Compare with Expected Header The sector header as read from the disk is not what the drivers expected Thus the current disk location is incorrect 06 Failed to Verify after Write Operation After data is written to the disk it is read back and verified This error occurs if the data cannot be properly verified 07 Header or Trailer Error The format of the data header or trailer just read is incorrect 08 Track Header Error Track address header is incorrect B 8 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix C The Sysdef File Appendix C The Sysdef File XPU Cromix System Generation file W Sept 28 1987 Device driver names should be entered on appropriate row A current list of devices supported and their driver names can be found at the end of this file Each driver can have a number of integer arguments Those arguments if any should follow the driver name The arguments must be separated by white space T
68. marker ippoo0cuu The bits marked by p denote the protocol 00 XON XOFF protocol 01 Not used 10 ETX ACK protocol 11 Not used The bits marked by o denote the octart number 00 Octart 1 Address CE 01 Octart 2 Address BE 10 Octart 3 Address AE 11 Octart 4 Address 9E The bit marked by c denotes the connector 0 connector 71 1 connector J2 Chapter 3 The bits marked by u select the correct terminal on a special Octart cable that allows four terminals to be attached to an Octart connector 3 6 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Be sure that etc iostartup cmd actually downloads all affected Octarts from etc octart iop 3 3 7 2 IOP Quadart bit 176543210 marker ppiiqqcc The bits marked by p denote the protocol 00 XON XOFF protocol 01 Not used 10 ETX ACK protocol 11 Not used The bits marked by i denote the IOP number 00 IOP 1 Address CE 01 IOP 2 Address BE 10 IOP 3 Address AE 11 IOP 4 Address 9E LA The bits marked by q denote the Quadart number 00 Quadart 1 01 Quadart 2 10 Quadart 3 11 Quadart 4 uH The bits marked by c denote the connector 00 connector J2 or J3 01 connector J4 or J5 10 connector J6 or J7 11 connector J8 or J9 Be sure that etc iostartup cmd actually downloads all affected IOP s from etc quadart iop 3 3
69. mcaps Refer to the discussion of termcaps in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual 28 10 Startup msg The contents of this file will be displayed on the system console as part of the boot procedure The file can contain any text 2 8 11 Welcome The contents of this file will be displayed on every terminal BEFORE the user login prompt It can contain any text 28 12 Motd The contents of this file will be displayed on every terminal AFTER the user has logged in It can contain any text 2813 Ce env This file contains environmental information for the CE editor Consult the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual for information 2 8 14 Sh env Each shell starts with an empty set of variables The files 2 12 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrators Guide Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up etc sh env sh env home directory if they exist are read in this order These files contain the definitions of Shell variables These could be any variables but the most important are path and ext which define the Shell search algorithm See the descriptions of Shell and set in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual for details 2 8 15 login cmd This command file if it exists will be executed by every user on login BEFORE the user is given the Shell The command will execute with privileges of a privileged user 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 2 13 Chapter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Change
70. modem must be in the UP position Note that Hayes supplied setting is DOWN The mtty entry in the etc ttys file not the qtty for it does not 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 4 5 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems Chapter 4 have the automatic hang up feature must be enabled The Smartmodem should be set with either switches 3 UP and 4 DOWN or equivalently commands ATQ1 ATEO given before enabling the gtty program As a consequence Cromix will kill all processes which are controlled by that mtty as soon as the DCD signal goes away for any reason To ensure maximum security dialogue with the modem through the mtty device is possible only when DCD is true As a consequence setting the value of different parameters defining the modem s function should be performed through the equivalent qtty device which will after the dialogue is over have to be DISCARD ed to make space for the mtty device Example If mtty4 is the device where the modem is connected fourth connector on the Octart split cable the following actions have to be taken edit the etc ttys file and enable mtty4 use the ccall utility through qtty4 to order ATQI ATEO ATSO 1 get rid of qtty4 by using the mode utility mode qtty4 discard enable the qtty program by giving the command kil 1 1 2 Using the Smartmodem in originating mode The originating mode uses the qtty device to communicate with the modem Depending on the
71. nder software control the user must change the thimble and then use the system 1 mode typ ps Or system 1 mode typ ps command to inform the driver which thimble is in the printer If the file being printed is incorrectly spaced for the current thimble the only conseguence will be slightly drifted characters NOTE Underscoring will work correctly only if the CWidth mode setting reflects the actual width of the underscore character For normal thimbles CWidth should be set to 12 for proportional spaced thimbles CWidth should be set to 10 4 4 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 4 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems 4 4 Modems 4 4 1 Quadart Any asynchronous modem may be used such as Bell type 103J 113C or 212A provided that the modems at both ends of the link are compatible Configure the modem per the manufacturer s documentation and plug the modem cable into a connector on the system rear panel The rear panel connector must be linked internally to J3 J5 J7 or J9 on the QUADART board The following RS 232C circuits are active on the QUADART DCE connectors J3 J5 J7 and J9 TxD circuit BA pin 2 RxD BB pin 3 RTS CA pin 4 CTS CB pin 5 DSR CC pin 6 S 100 Bus Ground AB pin 7 DCD CF pin 8 TxC DB pin 15 RxC DD pin 17 DTR CD pin 20 RI CE pin 22 and EXT CK DA pin 24 These connectors also support a special purpose RS 232C level output line CY pin 11 If mode attr
72. nnot use J3 and vice versa if you use J4 you cannot use J5 and so on Mark the rear panel to indicate the device associated with each connector refer to appendix A 5 16 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 Base 1 0 Port Address E ul O 123456 7 8 wa aaa J1 Figure 5 15 IOP SWITCH SETTINGS 17 5 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Chapter 5 Base 1 0 Port Address O A 60h 80h AOh 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Connectors Installing Circuit Boards eI Lu ze 8x ODP C cue qut cw uo au re s EI LI Cala wy SOE Fa Aug sec CN dois oe buses Een Ji 1 OP 4 Ey am EI ei W D n NOME Ceu og oa peer s x Mu v Ld ey CM a es me omo d di Quadart 1 5 9 amp 13 Quadart 2 6 10 amp 14 Quadart 3 7 11 815 Quadart 4 8 12 amp 16 w Tu ma 10800 6 aos sms aan aof rS iis A pos Bora Bior d E N m I29 OI T la GA gt p b wie ca n AN rud S gae GUN S s Ge Figure 5 16 QUADART SWITCHES AND JUMPERS 18 5 Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards 5 5 4 The TU ART Up to four TU ART boards can be installed in a single system and each TU ART supports two terminals and two Centronics style parallel printers Set the TU ART switches as shown in figure 5 17 Insert the TU ART into any slot in the system card c
73. nor device number the driver will know that the drive is a PERSCI drive in which the heads of the paired drives move together Some drivers require a list of minor device numbers in the sysdef file If this is the case only the listed minor device numbers will be supported These numbers are described in the information section of sysdef Once a device file is created the chowner command should be used to change the owner of the device file to be bin system 1 chowner bin filename The access code should be changed with the access utility system 1 access access string filename This will prevent unauthorized users access to the device file See the description of the access utility in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual Model the access code after that of other similar devices If a different name for an existing device file is required do not rename it Use the maklink utility to create another name for the same device 3 3 Description of Minor Device Numbers Here is a list of devices which are likely to be added with system expansion 33 1 Tty This driver supports terminals on 64FDC and TUART boards The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker 10000u uuu The bits marked by u denote the unit number The values supported are 0 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 The sysdef file must list all minor device numbers to be used 3 2 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Ch
74. nstalled from J3 to the 8 floppy disk drive s or a 34 conductor cable part number 519 0106 on CS1 519 0121 on CS1H 519 0018 on CS2 is installed from J2 to the 5 1 4 floppy disk drive s Connect the priority interrupt cable to J1 on the 64FDC 16FDC refer to the last section of this chapter 5 10 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator es Guide Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 pat se jo 41 55 4 a8 74 su ever 1605 14 USA MAL Richis E LES ven PS BM de It IFE Jo reas Jose ose C51 IC50 1C44 1045 1049 CUA IC6I i alites ees II pie s E v Cx EUM AD END CO Um RN du es YA e 7 4L S84 5741505 sale 741 ses 274 BA 302 0066 j66 e y IE 102 gt W cn N si FA ur 574151 58 5 502 0071 59 74151 5420 2405040 CDI v v v S e icia M ICP8C Dr ICA _ eim ostan 5745574 9974C S86 o 745374 CH dm es e 32748574 CH 118 m 5582 0067 LD TD ici N ts SEIN 25 74 8375 Des Fa sa A 582 0186 1 28 2 3882 OMA 5883 233 LM 40 i FAL 554 074g 58 5 T Psp ji a LI Cd ROME MCG e 383 8Y ue jesus 3 Far 9574 Jo 2040 oO ae SESCH n y e R C 119 v CSI R44 TAa 85 7a 875 JA cn Fin 4 1C7 Iw is reg ier gj 2 74 S522 152 740 S574 Jos ez ane d Za 5240 JH N N aie 106 us 3 wr N E ean Ce mi su abro ai i g ju ncs 74578 JN ca t woes jo 0520 r E J CM DOMUS i ML m o P
75. nter cable Connect the cable from each printer to a DB 25 connector on the system rear panel Each rear panel connector must be linked internally to the appropriate interface board refer to the section I O Interface Boards in chapter 5 Note When using a PRI board cables from other vendors may not connect pin 15 on the PRI to pin 10 on the Cromemco model 3703 and 3715 dot matrix printers 4 3 1 The Typ Driver The driver can run up to two Cromemco 3355 printers The files to be printed can contain arbitrary 8 bit bytes with the following meaning 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 4 3 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems Chapter 4 0x00 Ignored 0x01 Underline toggle 0x02 Line space back current line setting 0x03 Line space forward current setting 0x06 Boldface toggle 0x09 Tab character skip to the next multiple of 96 1 120 in 8 default spaces Ox0a Line feed Neans CR LF pair in CRDEV mode only line feed Ox0d Carriage return Not needed in CRDEV mode 0x13 Ignored Oxla Ignored 0x20 Space 0x21 Ox7e ASCII characters Ox7f Restore command 0x80 Oxbf Set temporary CWidth to char 0x80 OxcO Oxff Move forward char OxcO 1 120 in All other characters are diagnosed on the raw console and then ignored NOTE The Cromix Plus Typ driver ignores the 0x13 characters which should tell the driver that the proportional spacing thimble is mounted As the changing of the thimble is not u
76. ntry in the file gen sysdef must be increased accordingly It is also possible to execute Z80 programs on an I O processor board OCTART BIART IOPX The entries ziol zi04 major device 9 correspond to I O device numbers 1 2 3 and 4 respectively 10 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals mne N In order to execute Z80 programs on I O processor boards e the sysdef file must include the zio driver as block device major number 9 in order to correspond with the entries in the dev z80 directory e the arguments to the driver entry in the file gen sysdef should be the I O device numbers which E are to be used to execute Z80 programs e the file etc iostartup cmd must download the etc zio iop interface program Note that an I O processor board that is used to run Z80 programs cannot be used for any other purpose until cromix sys has been changed and the system rebooted _ s P omms 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator e Guide 11 Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up This chapter describes how to start up the operating system for the first time how to build and update the Cromix Plus system on a hard disk how to tailor the system to your particular needs and how to create a boot diskette For these procedures you will need a set of Cromix Plus release diskettes 5 1 4 or 8 Cromix Plus release disks are write prote
77. ollowing table describes the malfunctions corresponding to the bits set in the status byte 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide B3 Disk Error Messages Status Bits Set Seek Home not ready write protect head engaged seek error CIC error track O index bus 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 Read Preread not ready 0 record type record not found CIC error lost data data request bus Appendix B not ready write protect 0 record not found CIC error lost data data request bus Read Address Write Track not ready not ready 0 write protect 0 record not found CIC error lost data lost data data request data request busy busy O ra NW A Un Oh J The asterisk in the table above indicates that the condition is not the cause of the error message but that it was present when the error occurred For example if the status byte was 30h during a Seek error bits 4 and 5 are set 1 This is a Seek error and the head is engaged The head is supposed to be engaged during a seek Therefore this condition is not an error and is marked with an asterisk CRC stands for Cyclic Redundancy Check It is a verification done after a Read operation A CRC error indicates that an error occurred when the data was transferred During a Read operation status code 10 or 08 indicates the data is not readable This may be caused by bringing the disk close to a magnetic source or by scratching or otherwise mishandling
78. ontroller numbers that are supported Acceptable values are 1 2 3 and 4 Controller Base address Oxf8 2 sei 3 Oxe4 Same as ESDI 3 4 Oxe8 Same as ESDI 4 If more than one controller is being used the DMA priority cable must be hooked up and all STDC boards must have a new 1C37 part number 5020086 2 Also Rev C STDC boards can only be used as the last board in the DMA priority chain smd Supports up to four SMD hard disks two drives on each of two controllers Arguments specify beginning head numbers of drives to be included Arguments are created as follows controller drive fixed head where controller 0 controller at base port 0x38 128 controller at base port Oxe8 drive 0 for controller drive 0 64 for controller drive 1 fixed 0 for removable part of drive 32 for fixed part of drive head 0 31 beginning head number hd Supports up to 4 hard disks on the WDI II board No arguments xpu Supports Z80 programs running on XPU DPU The only argument is the maximum number of simultaneous Z80 processes supported Device files for this driver must be in the dev z80 directory zio Supports Z80 programs running in BIART OCTART or the IOPX board one per board Ensure that the boards will have the code downloaded see iostartup cmd Arguments are IO processor numbers 1 through 8 which have the zio iop code downloaded The arguments are IO processor numbers 1 8 IO processor Base address 1 Oxce 2 Oxbe 3
79. or IOPX board Prior to using these devices for Z80 execution they must be downloaded with the interface program etc zio iop This is most conveniently done via the etc iostartup cmd script The Shell automatically invokes the bin z80 bin program whenever it attempts to execute a program that is not a legal 68000 program Users can invoke the bin z80 bin program directly For example jim 1 z80 bin asmb com myprogram z80 Invoked in this manner it is possible to specify which Z80 driver device to use For example jim 1 z80 d dev z80 zio4 myprogram bin As distributed the dev z80 directory contains the following entries 10 0 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpul 10 1 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpu2 10 2 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpu3 10 3 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpu4 10 4 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpu5 10 5 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpu6 10 6 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpu7 10 7 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 xpu8 9 0 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 ziol 9 1 B rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 zio2 9 2 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 zio3 9 3 B 1 rewa e e bin Aug 29 17 16 z104 Devices xpul xpu8 major device 10 identify eight potential Z80 processes which can be executed simultaneously on the Z80 processor located on the XPU DPU board Additional device entries may be added if necessary If this is the case the argument to the xpu driver e
80. portant processes the same precautions should be observed as in the case of a warm boot see above There is a more elegant way of stopping the system The shutdown command cmd shutdown cmd issues a warning message to all users waits for 5 seconds and then issues the kill 2 1 command cmd shutdown cmd can be modified to extend the period users have to log off Also aborting shutdown during the waiting period will cause the kill 2 1 command not to be issued WARNING Do NOT reset the system or power down the system without executing the shutdown or kill 2 1 command Data may be lost Once the operating system has been stopped all diskettes tapes floppy tapes etc must be removed from their drives before turning off the power If the system is reset or turned off without these precautions for example during a power failure file systems on disk devices might be damaged Use the check utility to verify file system integrity before rebooting the system A damaged file system may degenerate with continued use As no storage media is perfect periodic backup of hard disks is essential Copying hard disk files to another hard disk to floppy diskettes nine track tape or floppy tape can help avoid loss of data due to power failures 1 7 Boot Disk Any disk device floppy diskette or hard disk partition can be used as the boot disk provided RDOS knows how to read it The following are the minimal requirements for a Cromix Plus boot de
81. pt 4 Serial 4 Serial nSec ROM Priority Channels Channels 5 a i v L e Figure 5 13 THE OCTART BOARD 5 14 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards Ca ta Octart 1 Base Address CEN Rae eme aoc m Ke go EE la n E og LM il OE TA r OO OO OO mu bo mo B Octart 2 Base Address BEh oo 9000 mo Octart 3 Base Address AEh bie o 0 0 0 o moo amp o Octart 4 Base Address 9EN nabile Figure 5 14 OCTART SWITCH SETTINGS 5 5 2 The IOP Up to four IOP boards can be installed in a single system and each JOP controls up to four QUADART boards Be sure that the ROM in IC9 which holds the IOP monitor program IOPMON is labeled version 03 00 or higher Set the IOP switches as shown in figure 5 15 When using OCTART and IOP boards in the same system each board must have a different base port address compare figures 5 14 and 5 15 Insert the IOP in the card cage with at least one empty slot adjacent to it Install a 2 connector C bus cable part number 519 0100 from J1 on the IOP with the red cable stripe on the left to the 50 pin connector on the QUADART If you have two QUADART boards use the 3 connector cable part number 519 0181 if you have three or four QUADART boards use the 5 connector cable part number 519 0101 Always attach the first cable connector to the IOP board Connect the priority interrup
82. r example system 1 term C 10 As part of this customization procedure the terminal type should be entered into the etc ttys file The terminal type will then always be available to the system 28 2 Generating a New Operating System Make the directory gen the current directory by executing the command system 1 d gen Create a copy of the sysdef file system 1 copy sysdef mysysdef 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 2 9 Initial Cromix System Start up Chapter 2 and edit the copy system 1 ce mysysdef Add all the drivers required and delete the drivers not required Adjust the system parameters Consult the description of the sysdef file in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual When the sysdef file has been suitably altered execute the crogen utility system 1 crogen cromix mysysdef A new version of cromix sys will be generated in the gen directory Prior to moving it to the root directory test it by booting system 1 boot cromix If the boot is successful move the new system to the root directory overwriting the old one system 1 move fv gen cromix sys 2 8 3 The etc Directory The etc directory contains a number of files which should be customized The following is a list of files which should at least be considered for customization Note If the updated hard disk contained a working file system this directory may contain files with the old extension Use care in moving old files over
83. r J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 J2 or J3 J4 or J5 J6 or J7 J8 or J9 A 11 Device File Definitions Appendix A A 18 IOP QUADART Modems Device Board Type s Device Number Quadart Name Base Port Major Minor Connector mtty1 JOP 1 CEh Ouadart 1 40h 2 128 J3 mtty2 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 2 129 J5 mtty3 JOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 2 130 J7 mtty4 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 1 40h 2 131 J9 mtty5 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 2 132 J3 mtty6 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 2 133 J5 mtty7 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 42 60h 2 134 J7 mtty8 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 2 60h 2 135 J9 mtty9 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 3 80h 2 136 J3 mtty10 JOP 1 CEh Quadart 43 80h 2 137 JS mtty11 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 3 80h 2 138 J7 mtty12 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 80h 2 139 J9 mtty13 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 140 J3 mtty14 IOP 1 9 CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 141 J5 mtty15 IOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 142 J7 mity 16 JOP 1 CEh Quadart 4 AOh 2 143 J9 mtty17 IOP 2 BER Quadart 5 40h 2 144 J3 mtty18 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 5 40h 2 145 J5 mtty19 IOP 42 O BER Quadart 5 40h 2 146 J7 mtty20 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 45 40h 2 147 J9 mtty21 IOP 2 O BEh Quadart 6 60h 2 148 J3 mtty22 JOP 2 BEh Quadart 46 60h 2 149 J5 mtty23 JOP 2 O BEh Quadart 6 60h 2 150 J7 mtty24 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 6 60h 2 151 J9 mtty25 IOP 2 BEh Quadart 7 80h 2
84. r s Guide Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 o N O per O c c O O y dinis Te ap ge com ie CH Ss 8 225 74 584 D 75183 CDaue ka e 1051 32 diz oam 10387 JC4e HE ya at cane SINCERE C31 an Brisas C48 am CL E Pa sag T 74584 tete Cap Aile sh BITS Seige wq n va 244 un 34 vo mnor ma b o m 74 5244 su mm c STE Da Fi nee EN N 749186 vr ee DE tn edt S N 74 5164 is sea 5 ta i ua 18 gt PA Kanes Burn 5 De Sek Dreal S rese E Gioca aos au c st H L4 A Ja eod s geal Nu i xt ois Cs ra E J s dir a A af an LS 5 ei E Fars tosa 43 H v Figure 5 9 64FDC SWITCHES AND JUMPERS Y N O Te O O c c O O Kira ICI rares KIA sage 144 como CRM TAB ci EE RE Ce re rue reni 3 SD ax cab qup CS a Fe CI 100 Cas S RRE co come gee ete Figure 5 10 16FDC SWITCH SETTINGS 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 5 3 4 The 64FDC I6FDC Cables A 26 conductor cable part number 519 0086 on CS1 amp CS100 519 0017 on CS2 519 0008 on CS3 amp C 5300 is factory installed from J4 on the 64FDC 16FDC with the red cable stripe on the left to a rear panel connector slot The system console plugs into the connector on the rear panel coming from J4 on the 64FDC 16FDC On standard configurations either a 50 conductor cable part number 519 0135 is i
85. r the Ipt driver It supports parallel printers on PRI and TUART boards The minor device number is structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker I0000uuuu 3 8 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes The bits marked by u denote the unit number The values supported are 2 5 6 7 8 9 10 and 11 The sysdef file must list all minor device numbers to be used 3 3 11 Uflop The uflop driver supports uniform style floppies Uniform style floppies are UNIX compatible All tracks on the disk are recorded in the same manner no boot track There is no disk label to tell how the disk is recorded All this information must come from the minor device number The minor device numbers for the uflop driver are structured in binary as follows bit 176543210 marker lOxydzsuu The bit marked by x denotes the density O double density single density The bit marked by y denotes the number of sides 0 double sided 1 single sided The bit marked by d denotes PERSCI type drives O single drives 1 drives move heads in pairs PERSCI The bit marked by z selects track density O single tracked double tracked not supported The bit marked by s denotes the size 0 8 1 5 1 4 The bits marked by u denote the unit number 00 drive A 01 drive B 10 drive C 11 drive D 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 3
86. r to the Cromemco C 10 Personal Computer User Manual part number 023 6037 Configure each terminal as follows 1 Set the baud rate to 110 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 or 38400 depending on the I O board used to control the terminal The maximum baud rates are as follows VO Board Max Baud Rate OCTART 38 400 QUADART 19 200 TU ART 19 200 64FDC 9 600 16FDC 9 600 The baud rate must also be set in the etc ttys file as described in chapter 3 Use two stop bits for 110 baud otherwise use one stop bit Full duplex operation Seven data bits per character excluding the parity bit Either space or mark parity parity bit is reset to logic O or set to logic 1 respectively RETURN as the line termination character I pm a a H No automatic linefeeds The MAIN port on most terminals is wired DTE style and the AUX port is wired DCE style with possibly a fixed baud rate Install a terminal cable from the MAIN port of each terminal to a DB 25 connector on the system rear panel Each rear panel connector must be linked internally to the 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 4 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems Chapter 4 appropriate interface board refer to the section I O Interface Boards in chapter 5 4 1 1 The System Console The system console the terminal from which you boot the system is connected to the 64FDC 16FDC board Install the terminal cable from the MAIN port on
87. r to the last section of this chapter Connect the DMA priority cable to J3 only required if more than one controller is used or an ESDC is also in the system 5 4 2 The ESDC The ESDC board is a hard disk SCSI interface controller that provides intelligent control for ANSI ESDI disk drives and SCSI peripherals The current versions of UNIX System V 2 and Cromix Plus support up to four controllers per system Each board can control one or two hard disks and up to seven SCSI devices This provides support for eight ESDI hard disks and 28 SCSI devices per system The current version of the on board firmware supports both 60 and 125 MByte streaming tape drives via the SCSI interface The four controller base addresses are jumper selectable user Jumper Option Block C located between IC 47 and IC 48 as follows see Figure 5 9 open open closed open open closed shared with STDX3 closed closed shared with STDX4 The device cable connectors are numbered as follows see Figure 5 9 J5 ESDI data cable Drive 1 J4 ESDI data cable Drive 2 J3 S100 DMA priority cable J2 S100 Interrupt priority cable S 12 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Chapter 5 Installing Circuit Boards Ji ESDI controller cable both drives J6 SCSI cable all SCSI devices Cable Stripe Jumper Area C Figure 5 12 THE ESDC BOARD 5 5 UO Interface Boards Cromemco makes several I O interface boards OCTART IOP QUADART TU ART
88. rd Disk Error Messages B 3 STDC Hard Disk System Errors Appendix C The Sysdef File ili 15 15 19 19 22 22 24 24 NK O 0 A Oh Ch UU L G P WN N ra keck bech bech ke LA Lu A t O ja Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals This chapter presents fundamental background material for later chapters It defines frequently used terms important terms appear boldfaced when first introduced and discusses key concepts common to all Cromix Plus Systems 1 1 Program Cromix sys The program cromix sys is the heart of the Cromix Plus operating system and always resides in system memory Booting the operating system consists essentially of loading the file cromix sys into system memory and executing it The program cromix sys has three major components the kernel the management of system calls and the drivers The Kernel is the program that actually executes when the operating system is booted Programs that are executed by users user programs require assistance from the operating system to provide functions which they do not and should not provide themselves This assistance is provided via system calls A system call is an operating system supplied subroutine which provides service to user programs The Kernel and the system call routines must provide access to the actual I O devices in order for them to do their jobs The routines to access such devices are
89. ridge A file consists of data written to the tape followed by an end of file mark If the tape has been written and EOFclose is set the default an end of file mark is written to the tape when the device is closed by a process An end of file mark may also be explicitly written using the mode program see below Thus the end of file mark will be automatically written to the tape when programs such as ftar and tar complete their writing to the tape It is possible to fully utilize a tape by writing any number of tape files to it The mode utility File command can be used to position the tape at the beginning of any file on a tape It is strongly recommended that the ftar utility be used when writing to SCSI tapes Ftar has been optimized to utilize large buffering schemes when performing SCSI tape operations b option This allows the data to be written to the tape with a minimal number of starts and stops Please refer to the ftar entry in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual for details Examples An example of using the ftar utility to back up the current directory would be system 1 mode stpl load system 2 ftar cv b 1000 dev stpl system 4 mode stp1 unload Note the use of the b option to obtain a large buffer 1 MByte to minimize starting and stopping of the tape drive An example of using the ftar utility to back up two different directories on the same tape in two different tape files would be system 1 mode stp1 lo
90. s Chapter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes This chapter describes the software changes required to add or remove terminals modems and printers Be sure to make the appropriate software changes in this chapter and all hardware changes in chapters 4 and 5 before you re boot the system otherwise you may activate software changes that are incompatible with the on line hardware 3 1 Single User Versus Multiuser Systems The system set up in chapter 2 is single user because only one terminal is on line the system console connected to the floppy disk controller board For a multiuser system install one terminal for each additional user With the passwd utility assign each user a name password user identification number UID group identification number GID and a home directory refer to the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual part number 023 5013 One person can log in on several terminals at once each time using the same user name and password because the Cromix kernel associates not only a UID with each process but a terminal number as well 3 2 Creating Device Files The dev directory on the factory shipped disks contains several device files for each device type It may become necessary to create additional device files to support additional hardware To create a device use the makdev utility system 1 makdev filename b c majornum minornum The first argument is the name of the device file being created The se
91. s Guide Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up 2 8 System Customization At this point the readall and check utilities report no errors and the update procedure updatel and update2 has been completed and the system has rebooted After making the following changes reboot the system The system should be fully operable Store the release floppy disks in a safe place They should only be required in the event of problems System customization requires the editing of a few files Knowledge of at least some rudimentary commands of the CE editor is required Refer to the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual 2 8 1 The Term Variable To use the CE editor the system must know what type of terminal is to be used and what capabilities it possesses Entering the command system 1 term will display the terminal type At this point it will indicate that term is set to dumb The dumb terminal entry contains only minimum capabilities fewer than required by CE The terminal being used must contain an entry in the etc termcaps terminal capabilities file This file may be examined using the more utility system 1 more etc termcaps If an entry is found it will also describe the name which the system uses to refer to it This is the value which should be entered into the term variable Cromemco terminals are listed as such C 10 C 05 C 15 and 3102 Enter the command term followed by the terminal name exactly as in the termcaps file Fo
92. s SW3 is set to MON DS Headload A one in bit 5 indicates the 1793 is requesting the head to load A zero in bit 5 indicates the 1793 is not asking the head to load D4 Inhibit Init A zero in bit 4 indicates that switch 4 INHIBIT INIT is ON A one in bit 4 indicates that B 2 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix B Disk Error Messages D2 Di DO switch 4 is off Motor On A one in bit three indicates that the 16FDC is requesting the drive motors to turn on A zero in bit three indicates that the 16FDC is no longer requesting the drive motors to turn Motor Timeout A one in bit 2 indicates that the motors have been turned off The motors will turn off about 8 seconds after the last disk operation A zero in bit 2 indicates the motors have not been turned off Autowait Timeout A one in bit 1 indicates that the autowait circuit has been turned off by the timer This will occur about 4 seconds after autowait is turned on A zero in bit 1 indicates that the autowait circuit has not timed out End of Job EOJ A one in bit 0 indicates the command has finished end of job Status Bits Set and Corresponding Hexadecimal Values Bits 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 b A 0 Hex value 80 40 20 10 8 4 2 1 If the status byte were OB the bits set would be 3 1 and O because the only combination of corresponding hexadecimal values that add up to OB are the ones which correspond to bits 3 1 and 0 The f
93. s in pairs PERSCI zero if not Supports Tandon or PERSCI driver in uniform format No arguments In uniform format all tracks are in the same format all sectors are the same size sector size might be 128 256 or 512 bytes Minor device number describes the physical characteristics of the device Compute the minor device number as unit small dtrack dual sside sdens where unt QO 1 2 or 3 for A B C D small 4 if 5 zero if 8 dtrack 8 if double tracked not supported zero otherwise dual 16 if drives in pairs PERSCI zero if not sside 32 if single sided zero if double sided sdens 64 if single density zero if double density Supports access to all of system memory amem No arguments Supports up to two floppy tapes Minor device numbers are drive full ecc slow where drive 0 AB 4 CD full 0 245 segments per stream 8 255 segments per stream we cannot initialize it ecc 0 Old style tape initialized with Oldtape 6 Ecc style tape Initialized with Inittape slow 0 Fast drive 32 Slow drive The driver requires one argument with the meaning 0 initialized NOT TO DO read after write 1 initialized TO DO read after write 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Appendix C The Sysdef File ramdsk supports 4 Ram disks Use Ramdisk utility to allocate room No arguments stdc Supports up to eight STDC hard disks using up to four controllers The arguments are c
94. sr bin directory The directory that contains all device files A device file is a special type of empty file that associates the device type and its major and minor device numbers with the device name Device files for devices which are not included on a given system may be deleted from the dev directory Occasionally new device files must be added In this case the device name ownership and access privileges should be modeled after similar device files already contained in the dev directory Do not change the names of standard device files If a new name is desired for a standard device link it to the new device name instead of renaming it An empty file that was used during the update procedure to mount other devices The system administrator should create other dummy files to be used for mounting e g a b std1 The directory equ contains files that programmers will occasionally include into their programs These files describe various aspects of the operating system Their use is strongly recommended Note that the directory usr include contains additional files This directory contains a number of programs and data files that are required for system operation Programs in the etc directory are not intended to be used directly as are the programs in the bin directory This directory contains the files required to generate a new cromix sys file This is an empty directory available to all users It should remain empty
95. t cable to J2 on the IOP refer to the last section of this chapter 5 5 3 The QUADART Up to sixteen QUADART boards can be installed in a single system four QUADART s for each IOP and each QUADART supports up to four modems terminals or serial printers in any combination Set the QUADART switches as shown in figure 5 16 If you have multiple QUADART boards 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide 5 15 Installing Circuit Boards Chapter 5 change the jumpers on the plug in IC28 see figure 5 16 For QUADART 1 5 9 and 13 the plug is correct as shipped for QUADART 4 8 12 and 16 the plug must be removed Insert up to four QUADART boards in successive card slots next to each IOP board and install the C bus cable from J1 on the IOP with the red cable stripe on the left to J10 on each QUADART Always attach the first cable connector to the IOP board If you have four QUADART s controlled by one IOP install a C bus priority cable part number 519 0029 from J1 on QUADART 3 7 11 or 15 to JI on QUADART 4 8 12 or 16 respectively see figure 5 15 Install up to four 26 conductor cables part number 519 0086 on CS1 amp CS100 519 0017 on CS2 519 0008 on CS3 amp CS300 from QUADART connectors J2 through J9 to any of the rear panel connector slots Plug the terminals or serial printers into the rear panel connectors coming from J2 J4 J6 and J8 plug any modems into connectors from J3 J5 J7 and J9 1f you use J2 you ca
96. tain a run level of zero which makes them unconditionally inactive The system console would contain a run level of one no need for anything else This terminal is always active Other on line terminals would contain run levels of two and three They will be active if the run level of process one is either two or three Modem terminals would contain a run level of three only They will be active only if process one is set to run level three The system comes up at run level one meaning only the system console is active The system administrator can safely perform any actions that require privacy checking backing up accounting and so on When the run level is set to two the local terminals will become active If the run level is set to three the remote terminals will be activated also If the run level is now decreased to two after a proper warning remote terminals will be deactivated If the run level of process one is set to one after proper warning the system console will be the only terminal left active Obviously there are many other possible combinations If the run level of process one changes some active terminals may become inactive and some inactive terminals may become active If an active terminal becomes inactive as the result of the run level change all processes running on that terminal will be immediately killed Therefore a warning must be sent to such terminals to give them ample time to clean up wha
97. td etc passwd etc sh_env 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 2 5 Initial Cromix System Start up Chapter 2 etc startup cmd etc startup msg etc termcaps etc ttys etc welcome gen sysdef Each of these files wil be renamed to the same filename with the extension old added to it Note if updatel is executed again prior to naming the old extended names to their original names the original files will be lost Update will next copy all the files from the floppy to the hard disk and execute the boot command The system will again prompt for the root device number This time the response should be 6 for the major device number and 0 for the minor device number Booting will proceed as before terminating with the appearance of the Shell prompt system 1 The system is now rooted on the hard disk Note however that the system has been only partially updated To complete the updating process 1 Insert the first release disk marked as being in ftar format 5 1 4 disk 3 and 8 disk 2 into drive A and type system 1 update2 fda or sfda 2 Repeat this for every remaining ftar floppy disk in order as instructed 3 Execute the command system boot The system will again prompt for the root device number The answers should be the same as before e g major device 6 and minor device 0 Booting will proceed as before and will again end with the shell prompt system 1 4 Execute the command sys
98. tem 1 wboot root to write the bootstrap program to the hard disk The hard disk is now fully updated and the system is fully operable 2 6 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up 2 6 Repairing The File Structure On The Hard Disk The instructions in this section must be followed if the check utility executed during the previous instructions reported any errors The system must be rooted on a device other than the file system being repaired On systems which use 5 1 4 disks boot release floppy disk 2 On systems which use 8 disks boot floppy disk 1 Execute the readall utility readall a std31 to determine whether there are problems on the disk which must be repaired If the readall utility reports any errors the disk must be at least partially initialized Refer to the next section for instructions on repairing the disk Do not return to this section until the readall utility reports no errors Execute the commands dcheck s std0 icheck s std0 If no errors are reported see the descriptions of the dcheck and icheck utilities in the Cromix Plus User s Reference Manual the file structure problems have been corrected If the system uses 5 1 4 floppy disks kill the system boot release floppy 1 and return to the update procedure in the previous section Systems using 8 floppies need not reboot If any errors are reported they must be corrected prior to updating
99. tever they are doing Backround processes will not be killed If a terminal becomes active as the result of the run level change a getty process will be started for such a terminal Terminals whose active status does not change due to the run level change will not be affected A gtty process is in fact a sequence of three programs fetc gtty bin fetc login bin etc shell bin The gtty program is a very simple program that 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 3 Cromix System Fundamentals Chapter 1 e displays the file etc welcome e displays the message Login e waits for some user input When any line is typed to the terminal the gtty program replaces itself with the login program The login program assumes the line which the user entered is the login name The login program checks the etc passwd file to determine if such a user name exists The login program prompts the user for the password If there is no such user name or if the user does not enter the correct password as entered in the etc passwd file the login program reverts to the gtty program In the opposite case the login program replaces itself with the program etc shell bin When the shell program terminates execution the gtty login shell chain has been successfully completed Process one then starts a new gtty process The Shell program is the means of communication with the operating system The Shell program will repeatedly display a prompt
100. th an MCU board to provide error detection and correction 5 2 1 The MCU A revision K or higher MCU controls up to six MSU boards any combination earlier revisions of the MCU support only two MSU s There are no switch settings or jumpers to change unless you have more than one MCU board For multiple MCU s of revision K or higher set the I O port address jumpers as shown in figure 5 3 the jumpers may be on either side of the board For multiple MCU s of revision J or lower refer to Technical Bulletin 023 9131 Error Correction for Multiple MCU s A revision K or higher MCU cannot be used with an MCU of revision J or lower 5 2 2 The 2048MSU The 2048MSU is configured for use with a revision K or higher MCU board If you have a revision J or lower MCU board change the MCU select jumper as shown in figure 5 4 Set the 2048MSU switches as shown in figure 5 5 5 2 3 The SI2MSU Set the 512MSU switches as shown in figure 5 6 There are no jumpers to install A revision B 512MSU board with mod level 2 or higher is configured for use with a revision K or higher MCU and must be modified to work with an MCU of revision J or lower refer to Technical Bulletin 023 9132 Using a 512MSU with a Revision J or Lower MCU 52 4 The M Bus Cable Insert the MCU and MSU boards in adjacent slots of the system card cage Install an M bus cable part number 519 0162 for one MSU 519 0150 for two MSU s or 519 0149 for three or four MSU s from J
101. the disk B 2 Hard Disk Error Messages If the Cromix Operating System encounters an error when accessing a hard disk drive it displays the error in the following format STDC mode error Unit uu Block d Head h Cyl cc Stat xx Error ffss where mode is either Read Write Verify Home or Seek B 4 68010 Cromix Plus Administrator s Guide Appendix B Disk Error Messages uu is the minor device number d is the block number in decimal h is the head number decimal cc is the cylinder number decimal XX is the status byte in hexadecimal indicates type of error ffss is the error number in hexadecimal The first two digits give the fatal disk error and the last two give the system disk error If bit O of the status byte is set to 1 the error numbers refer to the following error codes If bit 1 is set to 1 the fatal error number ff refers to the Cromix errors in the equ jsysequ asm file refer to appendix A of the Cromix Plus Programmer s Reference Manual part number 023 5014 STDC Hard Disk Fatal Errors The following error codes are displayed when a fatal disk error occurs 00 Failed to Seek amp Read Header during R W An error occurred during an attempt to seek amp read the header preceding a read write operation 01 Failed to Seek Timeout The seek did not complete within a specified time Check the drive electronics 02 Fault Occurred during Seek During the seek a fault error occurred within the driv
102. the system console to the factory installed rear panel connector coming from J4 on the 64FDC 16FDC board Set the system console to 9600 baud 4 2 Serial Printers All serial printers exchange ASCII coded characters have an RS 232C interface and have a DB 25 plug on one end of the printer cable Configure each serial printer as follows 1 Set the baud rate on a printer as you would for a terminal refer to the previous section but check the manufacturer s documentation to avoid exceeding the maximum rate of the printer The baud rate must also be set with the Mode utility as described in chapter 3 the etc ttys file is used only for terminals and modems Use two stop bits for 110 baud otherwise use one stop bit Seven data bits per character excluding the parity bit Either space or mark parity parity bit is reset to logic O or set to logic 1 respectively No automatic linefeeds D SA di 7 N When operating above 300 baud use either the DC1 DC3 or ETX ACK protocol If the data rate is 110 or 300 baud the serial printer character buffer should never overrun and no start stop transmit protocol is required 7 Circuit DTR pin 20 strapped ON spacing high 8 If the printer has the TOF Top Of Form feature add mode device name ff to file etc startup cmd if the printer does not have the TOF feature add mode device name ff to file etc startup cmd refer to the section Startup cmd and lostartup cmd in chapter 3
103. to boot ESC to abort appears on the screen you have approximately four seconds RDOS will display its version number 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 2 1 Initial Cromix System Start up Chapter 2 2 3 RDOS RDOS is capable of being set to boot in default to a variety of devices and partitions This is determined by the switch settings on the 16FDC or 64FDC board Refer to chapter 5 for information on how to set these switches for all RDOS versions 2 4 Cold Booting Cromix Plus Cromix Plus can be cold booted started from power on or reset from a variety of devices A device containing the bootstrap program and the file cromix sys is required The file cromix sys may be configured for a predefined root device or it may prompt the operator to enter the device number which will be the root device The root device may or may not be the same as the boot device The root device must contain at least a minimal Cromix Plus file system If the system is in the original factory configuration partition zero of the hard disk is set up to function as both boot device and root device In this case the startup procedure is as described below If the hard disk is not in the factory shipped configuration contains an older version of Cromix Plus hard disk is empty or the file system requires repairs performing the update procedure from floppy disk described later in this chapter will be required before the following procedure
104. trator s Guide 1 1 Cromix System Fundamentals Chapter 1 At the start the Kernel executes as any other program It initializes a number of data structures The most crucial data structure is the array of process tables Each process table contains information about one user process Once all data structures are initialized the Kernel creates process one The code for process one is read from the file etc p one bin and this process is declared to be ready for execution The Kernel code now degenerates into the scheduler The scheduler is a simple loop which finds a process ready for execution ensures that the process executes for a time slice and looks for another process to execute If there is no process ready to execute the scheduler simply waits until a process becomes ready As long as there is at least one process alive there is a chance that this process will become ready and that execution will resume Every process has the means to create other processes If at any time the scheduler determines that there are no processes remaining it knows there is no possibility of creating any others therefore the program cromix sys can terminate its execution This is what happens when the shutdown command is executed As long as the system is running process one stays alive Process one has four functions e it creates and kills the gtty processes e it kills all processes including itself on shutdown e it declares itself to be t
105. tty must have this bit set The bits marked by i denote the IOP number 00 IOP 1 Address CE 01 IOP 2 Address BE 10 IOP 3 Address AE 11 IOP 4 Address 9E The bits marked by q denote the Quadart number 00 Quadart 1 01 Quadart 2 10 Quadart 3 11 Quadart 4 The bits marked by c denote the connector 00 connector J2 or J3 01 connector J4 or J5 10 connector J6 or J7 11 connector J8 or J9 Be sure that etc iostartup cmd actually downloads all affected IOP s from etc quadart iop 3 3 4 Otty The otty driver is the recommended replacement for the qtty driver Note that it supports only Octarts For IOP s the qtty driver must be used bit 176543210 marker ImQooocuu The bit denoted by m handles hangup signals 0 do not generate hangup signals generate hangup signal if the phone line breaks 3 4 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 3 Cromix Peripherals Software Changes Modem terminals mtty must have this bit set The bits marked by o indicate the octart number 000 Octart 1 Address CE 001 Octart 2 Address DO 010 Octart 3 Address D2 011 Octart 4 Address D4 100 Octart 5 Address D6 101 Octart 6 Address D8 110 Octart 7 Address DA 111 Octart 8 Address DC The bit marked by c denotes the connector 0 connector Jl connector J2 The bits marked by u select the correct terminal on a special Octart cabl
106. ty s If necessary modify the file with the Screen utility and enter the command kil 1 1 to incorporate the change 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 4 7 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems Chapter 4 If the Verify that the appropriate device file exists in the dev directory If not create one with the Makdev utility Check that the system console and system printer are linked to the correct devices for your system Verify that the device driver is included in the cromix sys program by entering the command device ttyl used as an example 4 mode dev ttyl If a message reports that there is no device driver you must generate a new cromix sys program refer to chapter 3 and reboot the system If a device driver is present the operating modes for the device are displayed Compare them to the modes selected on the device itself for possible conflicts If a conflict exists correct it by changing the options on the device or by changing the Mode command in the etc startup cmd file If your system has QUADART or OCTART boards verify that the percent sign has been removed from the appropriate command line s in the etc iostartup cmd file If necessary use the Screen utility to correct the file and reboot the system problem persists contact your local Cromemco dealer distributor or authorized service facility 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 5 Installing Circu
107. usually the user name followed by the command number in brackets e g system 1 see the description of the Passwd utility for ways to customize the prompt and wait for a command to be entered When the user enters a command the Shell will try to execute it and then display the next prompt If the command entered is system 1 exit the Shell will terminate its execution 1 2 Root Device When Cromix Plus is booted it must decide which device is going to be the root device The root device is the device which contains the directory The root device can be selected by three possible methods The actual method is determined when cromix sys is generated These three possibilities are e during system initialization prompt the operator for which device to use e use a predefined device e use the same device from which the file cromix sys was read The distribution version of cromix sys is generated to prompt the operator for which device to use When the file cromix sys is custom generated the root device number can be included so that the operator need not be prompted Note that a customized cromix sys may not work if transferred to another system 4 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 1 Cromix System Fundamentals 1 3 The Factory Shipped System Disks Cromix Plus software is supplied from the factory on a number of 8 or 5 1 4 floppy diskettes called system disks The system disks are protecte
108. value of the HUPENABLE bit the Octart driver will either drop the line after the last close or not More precisely if HUPENABLE is true after terminating the ccall utility command the modem will disconnect the phone line In order to reconnect the existing communication the HUPENABLE bit should be set to HUPENABLE and then terminating ccall to do some action on the local machine would result with a phone hang up 4 6 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 4 Installing Terminals Printers and Modems To OCTART To Modem DB25 DB25 1 Figure 4 2 MODEM TO OCTART CABLE CONNECTION 4 5 Testing Peripheral Hardware If a peripheral does not respond correctly check the following items refer to chapters 3 and 5 as necessary 1 Remove the boot disk and turn off system power Check all switch settings jumper options and cable connections Be sure that the red cable stripe on all ribbon cables is properly aligned Be sure that each device is attached to the right connector on the right board refer to appendix A If the system does not boot properly be sure the system console is connected to J4 on the 64FDC 16FDC If the system detects an error before the drivers are loaded the diagnostic message is sent only to the 64FDC 16FDC port 2 For terminals check all etc ttys entries for accuracy Make sure that a fixed baud rate is specified for the system console 9600 baud maximum for tty s 19200 for qt
109. ver At present it can run only on Octarts IOP boards must stil use the qtty driver Note different base port assignement qtty Supports both octart and IOP terminals Ensure that the IOPs and or octarts will have the code downloaded See iostartup cmd Arguments are IOP OCTART numbers 1 2 3 or 4 which have the quadart iop or octart iop code downloaded Octart IOP Base address 1 Oxce 2 Oxbe 3 Oxae 4 Ox9e sysdev This driver must be present It provides null device No arguments timer This driver must be present It supports the timer and the real time clock No arguments ulpt This driver supports parallel printers on PRI or TUART boards Arguments are minor device numbers supported Minor devno Base address Interrupt number 2 0x20 0x24 5 0x50 0x34 6 0x60 0x64 7 0x70 0x74 8 0x80 0x84 9 0x90 0x94 10 Oxa0 Oxad 11 OxbO Oxb4 This driver is intended to replace the Ipt driver The old driver is still provided in case the new driver does not behave as expected Ipt This driver supports parallel printers Arguments are minor device numbers supported Minor devno Base address Interrupt number 2 0x20 Ox24 5 0x50 0x34 6 0x60 0x64 7 0x70 0x74 8 Ox 80 0x84 9 0x90 0x94 10 Oxa0 Oxa4 11 OxbO Oxb4 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide C 5 The Sysdef File Appendix C typ usipt sipt oslpt This driver supports up to two fully formed character printers spinwriter Arguments are the supported minor device num
110. vice Use the initflop or inithard utility to initialize the device for Cromix Plus 2 Use the makfs utility to build an empty file structure on it 3 Use the wboot utility to write the bootstrap program to it 4 Transfer the file cromix sys to the root directory of the new file structure The boot disk is a device that can be mounted via the mount utility It must at least contain the file cromix sys The boot device MAY or MAY NOT be the same as the root device 1 8 Root Disk The root disk is normally a hard disk partition although a floppy disk is occasionally useful as a root device The root disk normally contains all the files distributed with Cromix Plus approx 2 Mbytes Floppy diskettes especially 5 1 4 are restrictive in size therefore building a root disk on a floppy requires a very careful selection of files When the root disk is generated by the procedures described further in this chapter the root disk will contain 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide 7 Cromix System Fundamentals Chapter 1 cromix sys foin cmd dev drive equ Jete gen tmp usr The operating system itself used by the cold boot or warm boot procedure Directory that contains most of the Cromix Plus distribution utilities Additional programs should be added to the usr bin directory Directory that contains distribution command files Additional command files should be added to the u
111. will apply Turn on the system console and the system itself If nothing happens in a few seconds press the console RETURN key several times If the system is set to auto boot refer to description of 16FDC and 64FDC in chapter 5 the following display should appear Bank0 gt 0123456789ABCDEF N x A A A A A A A A A Preparing to boot StdO type ESC to abort Standby Address Memory test by 16K blocks 000000h 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 68010 XPU xxx Cromix Plus Operating System Boot System System initialization complete For information about this version of Cromix type the command newuser XPU Cromix Plus Release xxx The message from etc welcome Welcome to Cromix Plus Operating System Login system Logged in system mmm dd yyyy hh mm ss on ttyl 2 2 68010 Cromix Plus System Administrator s Guide Chapter 2 Initial Cromix System Start up Message of the day Welcome to Cromix Plus Operating System system 1 A system memory test was performed by Cromix Plus Login as the privileged user system was performed automatically by Cromix Plus The last line system 1 is the Shell prompt Cromix Plus is now running and is ready to execute any command NOTE Please note the version of the operating system reported during system initialization and compare it to the version of the operating system written on the system diskette labels If the version written on the diskette labels is higher t

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