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Chimney stoves

1. 1200 1150 10 1050 1000 959 300 500 re 700 5 500 55 500 il k 400 350 100 50 200 50 100 5 0 Selected simulation results iso surfaces of Selected results iso surfaces of CO combustion and convective air temperature concentrations ppmv in the flue gas in the flue gas and stove materials C in the vertical vertical symmetry plane of the stove symmetry plane of the stove 58 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves TU om Lo pro cess amp particle engineering Project A Development of a new stove technology XI Batchi Batch2 Batch3 Batch 4 Batchi Batch Batch3 25 20 a 20 154 5 15 E es 10 E 5 m i 00 00 00 02 00 04 00 06 00 08 00 10 00 12 00 14 00 16 00 18 00 20 00 22 00 24 00 26 00 28 00 30 00 32 00 34 00 36 10 000 T 8 000 z 6 000 5 E 4 000 E o 2 000 O od et 00 00 00 02 00 04 00 06 00 08 00 10 00 12 00 14 00 16 00 18 00 20 00 22 00 24 00 26 00 28 00 30 00 32 00 34 00 36 1 000 750 500 T1 TFR C 250 0 J 0 00 00 00 02 00 04 0
2. R_11187_08 pdf 29 References Publications Chimney stoves Pie Technologie und F rderzentrum Buderus_blueline_4_Bedienungsanleitung www buderus de pdf unterlagen 7747004922 pdf wodtke KK 50 Kaminofen Moon und Sun http www wodtke com bedienungsanleitungen kk anleitung_Sun_M Bedienungsanleitung oon pdf wodtke KK 50 RW Kaminofen Momo und Ihttp www tiba ch produkte wohnbereich chemineeofen wodtke pdf Tio Bedienungsanleitung anleitung_Momo_Tio_2009_02_12 pdf http www brunner de hkd br hkd hkdA iterra sid 78D2F325 Brunner HKD 4 1 Bedienungsanleitung DBF5 45DB 8E75 8CE4080307F3 amp pid ED6AA2E584 amp lid 1BD2A38328 Rika_Eco_plus_Bedienungsanleitung http www do it oefen ch kaminoefen pdf man_ecoplus_de_it pdf Rika_Twist_Bedienungsanleitung http www do it oefen ch kaminoefen pdf man_twist_de_it pdf Wamsler Kaminofen Bedienungsanleitung __ paper version Fair feuern http www fairfeuern ch fileadmin filesharing dateien Merkblatt pdf Erstellung der Brosch re Richtig Heizen mit Holz in Kamin fen Schm kel 2010 paperversion 30 References Publications Slow heat releasing stoves E Technologie und F rderzentrum Naturofen http www naturofen com handbuch php lg de Osana Heizanleitung http www osana de 03_kachelofen_system heizanleitung htm http www welte oefen de PDF Bedienungsanleitung 20Grund C3 B6fen 202009 2012 pdf
3. vow Bioenergy Future B a IO Tec Project Eranet FutureBioTec Project Coordinator Ingwald Obernberger Report Operational influences of hand charged wood stoves Prepared by Hans Hartmann Claudia Sch n Peter Turowski TFZ With input from Country report Sweden by Linda S B fver and Christoffer Boman Country report Austria by Joachim Kelz Thomas Brunner Ingwald Obernberger Country report Germany by Claudia Sch n Hans Hartmann ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves 2 Contents 1 State of the ant 22222 einen EBp Beben 3 1 1 General 2 as ea ee a aeE Ser Be See SET Sane SEs er iai 3 1 2 Chimney stoves an ee 3 1 3 Tiled Stoves a ehe 4 2 STOVE IGNHION een 4 3 Stove oper ti N PRPERERIREEPRERPANERDERTRRFLERERREDERBELDERTER PR EEREHPEPERPEEFEERFRRSERGEFFPEEER 5 3 1 EOS As ea Ge aa En eh N A ea A Ge a ee 5 3 2 Fuel charging and Stove operation u4444440nnnnn0nnnnnnn nennen nun 6 3 2 1 Chimney St Vas ae 6 3 2 2 Slow heat releasing stoves uusuussusnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnen 7 3 3 Ash removal a teaser 7 4 Maintenance ana a 7 5 F rther equipment aaa an 8 6 References rn a see er 10 Annex 1 Country report from Sweden Annex 2 Country report from Austria Annex 3 Country report from Germany ERA NET Project FutureBioTec
4. Richtig heizen mit Holz 1995 http www dodaj rs f 1 Y 8m 3zVUhiXs heizen20mit20holz pdf Effizient heizen mit Holz und Sonne RheinlandPfalz http www mufv rlp de fileadmin img inhalte wald Heizen_mit_Holz_u nd_Sonne pdf Richtig heizem mit Holz Schornsteinfeger http www bsm wernerklein de download pdf heizen_mit_holz pdf Heizen mit Holz Osnabr ck Kleiner Leitfaden http www osnabrueck de images_design Grafiken_Inhalt_Wohnen_ Verkehr Heizen_mit_Holz pdf http www kaminkehrer stefan fichtl de downloads kleinerleitfadenbeimaufstelleneinesofens pdf Heizen mit Holz in Kamin und Kachel fen http www lfu bayern de analytik_stoffe fachinformationen analytik_a norg_stoffe_kleinfeuerungen doc holzofenbrosch pdf Richtig Anfeuern Holzfeuerungen mit unterem Abbrand Schweizer Merkblatt http www carmen ev de dt hintergrund publikationen anfeuern richtiganfeuern02 pdf Richtig Anfeuern Holzfeuerungen mit oberem Abbrand Schweizer Merkblatt http www carmen ev de dt hintergrund publikationen anfeuern richtiganfeuern01 pdf Kaminholzratgeber http www kaminholzratgeber de richtigfeuermachen index html Brunner Kaminofen Kompakt Bedienungsanleitung Stove manual http www brunner de kompaktkamine br kk home iterra sid E4332F1E A86C 478E 98F5 6D08745FCOD0 amp pid 09365C4AC0 amp lid C7600CCB9 1 H SG_B Literatur Merkblatter amp Broschtren Stove_manual_final_VTT
5. The stoves are generally suitable for burning dry natural wood and can also be fired with wood briquettes according to DIN 51731 Special stoves e g Eifel can also be fired with brown coal briquettes Additional fuel should only be placed on the bed of embers after the flame extinguished Preferably use approx 33 cm long wood logs filling the firebox width 20 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH A Operation of the chimney stove Il Fuel loading Wood logs 1 5 to 2 5 kg 2 logs per layer for rated heating value Wood briquettes 1 5 kg 1 briquettes Brown coal briquettes 2 0 to 2 5 kg 3 to 4 briquettes After extended combustion at least once per day discharge the ash through the grate into the ash pan using a hooked poker and empty the ash pan This is best done in the morning in a relatively cold state 21 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH A Maintenance of the chimney stove At least once per year clean and service your stove in cold condition Remove the ash deposits in the flue pipe and the smoke baffle plates or draft baffle plates Draft baffle plates made of ceramic fibre or vermiculite can be removed for cleaning and reinstalled carefully in the same position after cleaning For cleaning the flue gas drafts an ash extractor
6. Qn nominal heat output 80 Summary III bioenergy2020 Market development in Austria gfe rocess Pres No data is available for in total installed chimney stoves pellet stoves and cookers Total installed tiled stoves 480 000 OKV 2010 Sold installed 2008 Haneder und Furtner 2009 3 500 cookers 26 000 chimney stoves 14 500 tiled stoves 3 045 pellet stoves Sold pellet stoves Haneder und Furtner 2009 Haneder und Furtner 2008 2005 3 780 2006 5 640 2007 1 750 price increase of pellets 2008 3 045 81 Summary IV bioenergy2020 screening of user manuals meu i rocess Pres Depending on the manufacturer of the chimney stove and the technology used different ignition strategies are recommended During the ignition batch basically all available air supplies are fully or almost fully opened Charge of fuel in one layer Additional fuel should only be placed on the bed of embers after estimation of the flame Also after re charging different strategies regarding air supply are recommended The stoves are generally suitable for burning dry lt 20 wt w b natural wood and can also be fired with wood briquettes Preferably hard wood logs with a length of approx 25 or 33 cm should be used depending on the width of the firebox Fuel loading Wood logs 1 2 to 2 5 kg 2 logs per layer depending on the nominal load of the stove The grate should always remain
7. Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves 3 1 1 1 1 2 State ofthe art General The fire box is typically lined with chamotte or fire resistant material Combustion air is supplied as primary air and as secondary air usually as rinsing air for window cleaning Doors and other non air supplying openings e g ash drawer should be fully closable and air tight to avoid any uncontrolled air supply This is particularly im portant if the furnace has a central air supply socket for an external air duct Chimney stoves Usual principle flat furnaces type Usual nominal power range 5 to 12 kW can be choked to 3 kW Short burning time of batch quick availability of heat by radiation and convection Most systems have an iron grate with an ash box underneath Sometimes there is a vibrating grate actuator for manual operation which is also used to open and close the grate for air regulation Air dampers for stoves with grate Three major solutions are available Systems with three independently adjustable air inserts for combustion via i the grate opening ii laterally to the fire bottom and iii as secondary or purge air flushed over the window Systems with two independently adjustable inserts for combustion air via i the grate opening and ii a multifunctional handle for primary secondary air insert settings e g as regulator knob or crank Systems without
8. rocess Pres Ignition and operation of a chimney stove Il Wood log size and shape effects There was no special focus on this impact during the research activities so far Within the scope of research performed the wood log size and shape recommended by the manufacturers was used Fuel type differences There was no special focus on this impact during research activities so far Within the scope of research performed the fuel type mainly beech recommended by the manufacturers was used Fuel moisture impacts There was no special focus on this impact during the research activities so far BE2020 indents to perform some investigations concerning the influence of the fuel moisture content within the FutureBioTec project 47 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi rocess Pres Ignition and operation of a chimney stove Ill Impacts of frequency of re charging There was no special focus on this impact during the research activities so far Within the scope of research performed the frequency of recharging recommended by the manufacturers was used Fuel loading differences There was no special focus on this impact during the research activities so far Within the scope of research performed the mass of fuel recommended by the manufacturers was used Impacts concerning re charging mode There was no special focus on this impact during the research activities so
9. Il secondary air damper open lt gt close primary air damper open lt gt close Source Austroflamm 2010 27 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k process Operation of the chimney stove I The stoves are generally suitable for burning dry relative wood moisture lt 15 well cured and natural wood hardwood preferred and can also be fired with wood briquettes Maximum amount of fuel to be added 1 3 to 2 5 kg wood depending on the nominal load of the chimney stove or 1 kg wood briquettes 28 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k process Maintenance of the chimney stove The stove flue outlets and smoke pipes should be cleaned and inspected for deposits every year if necessary more often e g after the cleaning of the chimney The chimney also has to be cleaned regularly by the chimney sweeper An expert should inspect the stove annually 29 General experience and recommendations DIO 2020 Slow heat releasing stoves TU Tiled stove Photographs of typical tiled stoves in Austria N fi EA Source KV 2010 Source KV 2010 30 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Slow heat releasing stoves mul TU a Grazu i an Tiled stove er Ignition of the tiled stove I To reach an efficient combustion rapidly stack the wood cross
10. ash conifers and fruit trees can be used in the stove The wood should have a moisture content lower than 20 Not suitable as fuel warning from manufacturer Pressure impregnated painted or glued wood wood chipboards plastics coloured brochures Wood Split wood see types above Length 25 33 cm Diameter 7 9 cm Normal mass 2 0 kg h Minimum mass 3 0 kg h Maximum mass 3 0 kg h maximum three pieces per load Maximum total mass 12 kg combustion followed by 9 12 hours of cooling Maximum mass per day 24h 24 kg divided in two 12 kg combustions A recommendation is to not exceed 65 C as surface temperature It is recommended that the stove is used regularly Firing at maximum load for longer periods shortens life span Exceeding the maximum allowable amount cause damage to stove parts and the warranty does not apply Nota bene No available information about suitability for briquettes Recommended fuel reloading and chimney flap adjustments Just before the fuel is consumed and the fire has died it is time to reload the stove 1 Open the hatch and let the pressure balance for a few seconds before opening completely 2 Use 2 3 logs of wood 2 2 5 kg Place the logs with a bit of space between them Close the hatch 3 Let the combustion slide valve be open for approximately 2 3 minutes until the wood logs are black and have caught fire After this the air supply can be decreased if a slower combustion is wanted Make
11. n 5 z 3 045 6 Residential space Pelletstoves with water EN 14785 Sept Room heaters for wood pellets until 50 kW with none Art 15 aB VG 78 500 2 1503 40 60 heating appliances fired by wood pellets with water jacket jacket 2005 mechanical fuel charging with water jacket 76 Classification performance and limitations of individual furnaces for wood room heaters Il energy National quality labels European test Minimum standard Name of efficiency co NOx OGC Total PM Name Other denominations Year Description according to EN standard Label mg MJ mg MJ mg MJ mg M Open fires Open fireplace EN 13229 Oct Stand alone or inserted furnace without any 2005 change of functional design without door Roomheaters with Closed fireplaces EN 13240 Oct Inserted furnace without functional changes Deane 80 700 120 50 30 flat furnace Chimney stoves 2005 Stand alone furnace without any change of UZ 374 80 700 120 50 30 with or without window functional design Roomheaters with Chimney stoves EN 13240 Oct Burning time with wood 1 5 h or 10 h resp Uz 377 80 700 120 50 30 filling furnace with or without window 2005 nominal heat power or low power adjustment Slow heat release Mansionry heaters EN June Furnace with heat release even when the fire is Uz 377 80 700 120 50 30 appliances e g heaw tiled or pl
12. 100 kg of fireplace e only one layer of wood logs should be added e only single wood logs e either single wood logs or wood briquettes e never fill up whole combustion chamber with wood logs e fill firebox halfway to the top e at least one third of the height of the firebox should be left free e 2 3 wood logs per charging General experience and recommendations E Chimney stoves Technologie und Operation of a chimney stove Recommendations concerning the moment or frequency of recharging e charcoal bed should be 10 cm high e when flames have died down e before charcoal bed does not cover grate completely T drop Recommendations concerning the mode of recharging e g position orientation distance of log e open chimney stove door slowly e place logs preferably with the bark side down e keep some space between wood logs gt boards not suitable Recommendation for ignitability sustaining mode partial load operation e not available Ash handling recommendation e g full or partial ash removal before reuse e full ash removal before use and waste disposal e partial ash removal if charcoal bed is wanted Recommended flap positions when stove is cold shut off mode heat loss prevention e shut off mode in general e close flap when charcoal is gone General experience and recommendations E Chimney stoves Technologie und Forderzentrum Maintenance of a chimney stove Which maintenance actions are recommended to be
13. Bi rocess Pres Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low price chimney stove from the hardware store I Modern stove represents the state of the art in Austria Low price stove represents a stove with antiquated technology Test runs with both types of stoves Ignition batch 5 batches 2 test runs with both stoves performed Determination of gaseous and particulate emissions Ignition and operation of the stoves as recommended by the manufacturer Nominal load Modern stove 6 kW Low price stove 6 5 kW 61 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi process amp Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low price chimney stove from the hardware store Il Used fuel beech logs according to NORM M 7132 and NORM CEN TS 14961 moisture content 8 5 wt modern stove and 9 4 wt low price stove Continuous measurements Operation parameters flue gas temperature T FG combustion chamber temperature T CC chimney draught dp Flue gas composition in the undiluted flue gas by using standard flue gas analysers for O paramagnetic sensor CO NDIR NO CLD and OGC FID Determination of the particle size distribution PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with an electrical low pressure impactor ELPI 10 lpm All relevant data temperatures mass flows of the dilution air 62 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney s
14. The capacity range of tiled stoves is between 4 and 15 kW To attain maximum Output add the calculated mass of log wood in the case of wood briquettes about 15 less mass because they are artificially dried and therefore have higher energy content in intervals of 8 to 12 hours The quantity of fuel can also be reduced to half the amount Depending on the quantity of wood the burning process may last between 30 and 90 minutes As soon as only short blue flames in the case of log wood or little flames wood briquettes can be seen above the glow you can close the air intake Wait at least 8 to 12 hours depending on the nominal load and tile surface before opening the charging door of your tiled stove Repeat the process as described above Depending on the frequency of use you will have to remove the ashes a few times per heating season A layer of ashes up to 8 cm is acceptable 34 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Slow heat releasing stoves mul TU mi Tiled stove En Maintenance of the tiled stove Tiled stoves require periodic inspection by serviceman to ensure functional efficiency Even if you seldom use your stove it is recommendable to have your stove inspected every 5 years at latest Every tiled stove should be maintained at regular intervals A maintenance contract is recommended 35 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves mi Grazm Features or com
15. Welte Kachelofen Energie Info http www energie info net seite Artikel amp a_id 68 Geiger http www bedienungsanleitung ofen eu pagelD_7637394 html http www freie dolomit Kleinkachelofen schornsteinfeger eu fileadmin pdf dolomit Bedienungsanleitung_dolomit pdf Keramikart www keramikart de 31 References Publications Others Technologie und F rderzentrum Kaltschmitt Hartmann M Kaltschmitt H Hartmann H Hofbauer Hrsg 2009 Energie aus Biomasse Hofbauer 2009 Grundlagen Techniken und Verfahren 2 Auflage Springer Verlag Ellner Schuberth F Hartmann H Turowski P Ro mann P 2010 Ellner Schuberth et al Partikelemissionen aus Kleinfeuerungen f r Holz und Ans tze f r 2010 Minderungs ma nahmen Berichte aus dem TFZ Nr 21 Technologie und F rderzentrum TFZ Selbstverlag Straubing 132 S Download www tfz bayern de Kiener S Turowski P Hartmann H 2010 Bewertung kosteng nstiger Staub abschei der f r Einzelfeuerst tten und Zentralheizungskessel Berichte aus dem TFZ Technologie und F rderzentrum TFZ Selbstverlag Straubing 127 S to be published Download www tfz bayern de Kiener S et al 2010 32
16. air adjustment but with automatic grate air closure non electronic and having a fixed primary secondary air ratio Air dampers for stoves without grate Two major solutions are available Systems with two independently adjustable inserts for combustion air as i primary air insert laterally to the fire bottom and ii secondary or purge air flushed over the window Systems with one multifunctional handle for primary secondary air insert set tings e g as regulator crank ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves 4 e The usually used fuels are wood logs of 33 and 25 cm The share of the 25 cm logs is increasing due to reduced power demand in modern buildings Wood bri quette use is increasing brown coal briquettes are still used 1 3 Tiled stoves e Usual principle flat and filling type furnaces mostly without grate e Usual nominal power range 4 to 15 kW Longer burning time of batch and higher fuel loads are possible if the filling furnace type is used Slow availability of heat mainly by radiation during 8 to 12 h after fire extinguishing But also heat supply by direct radiation window and by convection hot air operation of a tiled stove insert e Usual fuel used wood logs of 25 and 33 cm sometimes 50 cm e Often without grate flat bottom deashing with shovel 2 Stove ignition A large variation of ignition pro
17. closed and does not have to be operated during combustion takes place 82 Summary V bioenergy2020 screening of user manuals qe a rocess amp The ash drawer is to be emptied regularly to prevent excessive loading of the grate For operating tiled stoves it is recommended to stack the wood cross wise in layers into the combustion chamber In order to achieve stacks of nearly equal height at using different quantities of fuel stack the wood adequately loose or dense If the fuel is packed loosely light it from the bottom if packed tightly light the upper third of the stack Leave the air intake open after the stove has been successfully heated up 83 Summary VI bioenergy2020 Innovative concepts nity am rocess Pres Microprocessor controlled air control systems Rikatronic developed by RIKA intelligent control i control developed by Haas amp Sohn Main working principle supply of the optimum quantity of air during the different combustion phases ignition phase main combustion phase and burn out phase using temperature sensors measuring the flue gas or combustion chamber temperature 84 Summary VII bioenergy2020 Relevant R amp D results ae oe rocess Pres Significant reduction of gaseous and particulate emissions by Implementation of air staging strategies Optimisation of stove firebox geometry supported by CFD simulations Modern chimney stoves emit significantly less g
18. heat releasing stoves bioenergy2020 ge om Lo process amp particle engineering Project A Test runs with a modern tiled stove IV measurement set up Y x gt 3 a BLPI ELPI P3 O Pi 71 OQ BCS BCS CCT BP CH FGT TSP FGA dp DK PRD PA MFC DGI BLPI ELPI ED lt Cro biomass combustion system combustion chamber temperature boiler power chimney flue gas temperature total suspended particulate matter flue gas analyser chimney draught cyclone porous tube diluter particle free and dry pressurised air massflow controller Dekati Gravimetric Impactor Berner typ low pressure impactor Electrical low pressure impactor ejector diluter pump ventilator temperature critical orifice 73 Research findings Slow heat releasing stoves Project A Test runs with a modern tiled stove V bioenergy2020 ae om Lo process amp particle engineering Gaseous and particulate emissions during a test run with a modern tiled stove 411 02 Vol gt 25 Q 20 i SOS H 10 000 8 000 I CO mg Nm OGC mg Nm CO mg Nm N 6 000 t 4 000 IA 2 000 ur nn J N ELPI BLPI TSP DGI PM TSP
19. is suitable The chimney must also be regularly cleaned by the chimney sweeper The stove should be checked annually by a specialist 22 General experience and recommendations DIO 2020 Chimney stoves TU gt a Photographs of typical chimney stoves in Austria manufactured from AUSTROFLAMM GmbH Koko Pallas Solo Source Austroflamm 2010 23 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P a process Ignition of the chimney stove with one air damper for primary air and secondary air e g Koko Pallas I Fully open the air damper all the way see picture air damper on slide 25 Open the stove door and put 2 to 3 pieces of ignition aid lighting cube on the floor of the firebox Put softwood chips onto ignition aid and after that put one or two logs of wood on top of the wood chips Light the ignition aid and close the firebox door see picture lighting on slide 25 As soon as the wood logs are burning well you can regulate the heating capacity with the air damper When adding wood to the firebox follow the same procedure as when igniting the fire Open the air damper open firebox door lay wood on the bed of embers close the firebox door Wait until the added wood catches fire and is burning Then regulate the air slider again 24 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT mi process Ignition of the chimney st
20. mg Nm TCC C TFG C 2 3 600 400 Q 200 o E 0 18 00 18 10 18 20 18 30 18 40 18 50 19 00 19 10 19 20 1 000 800 600 400 200 OGC mg Nm3 Emission results data related to dry flue gas and 13 vol O T CC combustion chamber temperature T FG flue gas temperature the BLPI TSP and DGI lines indicate the measured PM concentration over the respective sampling period 74 Research findings bioenergy2020 Slow heat releasing stoves eu i Lo process amp particle engineering Project A Test runs with a modern tiled stove VI Results CO mg MJ OGC mg MJ PM mg MJ TSP mg MJ Calculations according to EN 13240 for the calculations the mean O values as well as the mean gaseous emission values ppm are considered Period of calculation Igniting until flame extinction TSP measurements performed during steady conditions in the mean combustion phase gt see diagram on slide 74 75 Classification performance and limitations of individual furnaces for wood room heaters I energy TU Grazu Process amp particle engineering Significance of furnace Official national limits European National test test method or Relevant Minimum standard Relative standard directive or efficiency co NOx OGC Total PM Name O
21. openings regularly using a source of suction Before the start of a new heating season the appliance should be thoroughly cleaned in order to avoid excess odours during operation Cleaning the flue gas paths once a year Remove the flue pipes Brush off suck out any deposits of soot and dust in the stove and the flue pipes Check the seals of the combustion chamber and the ash drawer at the beginning and end of a heating period General experience and recommendations DIO 2020 Chimney stoves TU HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH cree eee Photographs of typical chimney stoves in Austria manufactured from HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH Eo g o Moers Ystad Eifel Source Haas Sohn 2010 16 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves pieru a HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH sere eee Ignition of the chimney stove I Initially place 2 to 3 wood logs approx 1 5 to 2 0 kg on the firebox floor or grate uncoated paper cardboard or a lighting cube on top followed by brushwood firewood or pieces of briquettes see picture lighting on slide 19 All existing air control dampers primary air I primary air Il and secondary air must be fully opened see picture air dampers on slide 19 After lighting close the firebox door Close the primary air damper Il after approx 10 minutes The secondary air damper remains open Additional fuel should only be placed on the b
22. quantification and characterization ISSN 1653 0551 ETPC Report 05 01 Ume February 2005 Annex 2 Country report from Austria yery L Dioenergy2020 process amp particle engineering Evaluation of emission reduction strategies for stoves Operational influences Country report Austria Prepared by Joachim Kelz Thomas Brunner Ingwald Obernberger Date August 2010 Content bioenergy2020 ae oe rocess amp Austrian market General information Chimney stoves Tiled stoves Screening of user manuals RIKA Ofentechnik GmbH HAAS amp SOHN Ofentechnik GmbH AUSTROFLAMM GmbH Innovative components Research activities Classification performance and limitations of individual furnaces for wood Summary Conclusions References Publications General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Austrian market peU am Chimney stoves amp slow heat releasing stoves rail Three market leading manufacturer s of chimney stoves in Austria RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH AUSTROFLAMM GmbH Slow heat releasing stoves tiled stoves in Austria Austrian tiled stove association sterreichischer Kachelofenverband The Austrian tiled stove association is a non profit association It operates on the one hand on research activities on tiled stoves and on the other hand on public information The membership with the federation is voluntary
23. sure the fire always burns with clear light coloured flames 4 Repeat the loading of wood two times do not exceed the maximum total weight of 9 kg combustion Let the stove cool down release the accumulated heat for 9 12 h before starting a new combustion cycle 5 When the glow has died the air supply can be closed This will avoid heat loss through the chimney during cooling Ash handling recommendation When the ashes in the ash box are to be emptied ensure that there is no glow left The ashes should be stored in a non combustible container with a lid for at least a week before being disposed To avoid soot forming the following is recommended Make sure to keep the recommended moisture content Make sure to keep up the temperature in the stove Make sure to keep the combustion slide valve open for a few minutes after ignition and reloading of fuel Features or component parts to increase performance Thermometers for exhaust temperatures are they recommended No available information Filling level indications in furnaces Instructions on fuel amount in Ignition and Maintenance guide Important to avoid high temperatures and not decrease stove lifetime Electronic status information recharging signals No available information Automatic retrofit air control systems type description price features No available information Electrical fan in chimney or furnace No available information Secondary heat
24. wise in layers into the combustion chamber In order to achieve stacks of nearly equal height at using different quantities of fuel stack the wood adequately loose or dense To kindle the wood paper and wood splints or appropriate kindling aids can be used If the fuel is packed loosely light it from the bottom if packed tightly light the upper third of the stack Leave the air intake open after the stove has been successfully heated up Additional air through charging door vertical grate i 3 Even here pile up wood After lightning the vertical grate must If only small flames appear above the crosswise be closed the charging door stays glow the air supply can be shut You can open open the charging door again after 12 hours Source KV 2010 31 General experience and recommendations DIO 2020 Slow heat releasing stoves Ty i Graz LE Tiled stove Dress Ignition of the tiled stove Il Air intake separated from charging door un 2 2 ES Stack the wood cross wise in Using few wood stack logs loosely Using a lot of wood stack logs layers in the combustion light with paper wood splints or densely and light at the upper third chamber and open air intake appropriate lighter aids at the lower third at u C Pie 5 N You can close the charging Depending on the quantity of wood the As soon as only short blue flames in the door after the stove has been buming process may last between 30
25. 0 06 00 08 00 10 00 12 00 14 00 16 00 18 00 20 00 22 00 24 00 26 00 28 00 30 00 32 00 34 00 00 00 02 00 04 00 06 00 08 00 10 00 12 00 14 00 16 00 18 00 20 00 22 00 24 00 26 00 28 00 30 00 32 00 34 00 36 Explanations left diagram status by project start right diagram Emission results status after optimisation measures data related to dry flue gas and 13 vol O T1 and TFR combustion chamber temperature 59 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi process i amp particle engineering Project A Development of a new stove technology XII Results Significant reduction of the gaseous and particulate emissions by the optimised stove geometry and air staging measures see also diagrams on slide 59 Short ignition phase is achieved which means that high flue gas temperatures and low O concentrations in the flue gas are reached within short time During the main combustion phase optimised mixing of the gases released from the wood logs with the combustion air lead to improved burnout conaitions CO mg MJ OGC mg MJ PM1 mg MJ TSP mg MJ Project start 1 368 After optimisation 449 Prototype Calculations according to EN 13240 for the calculations the mean O values as well as the mean gaseous emission values ppm will be considered Period of calculation Closing the door until no flame is recognisable 60 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT
26. 2010 Partikelemis sionen aus Kleinfeuerungen f r Holz und Ans tze fur Minderungsma nahmen Berichte aus dem TFZ Nr 22 Technologie und F rderzentrum TFZ Selbstverlag Straubing 134 p Download www tfz bayern de Hartmann H Turowski P 2010 Fuel moisture influences in log wood combustion In Proceedings 18th European Biomass Conference amp Exhibition From Research to In dustry and Markets Lyon France 03 07 May 2010 ETA Renewable Energies Eds Florence Italy pp 1306 1311 Holzenergie Schweiz 2007 Richtig Anfeuern Holzfeuerungen mit oberem Abbrand Merkblatt der Holzenergie Schweiz Neugasse 6 8005 Z rich Switzerland Publication No 315 Annex 1 Country report from Sweden Evaluation of emission reduction strategies for stoves Operational influences Contura 590 Dimensions C590 C590T Height mm 1540 1540 Width mm 490 536 Depth mm 440 458 Weight kg 130 230 which of 120kg is soapstone Technical data C590 Effect kW 3 7 Nominal effect kW 5 Efficiency 80 SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden _ Si wp your gs ance S u Ignition of a chimney stove All examples that follow are for the chimney stove Contura 590 and all information is found in Installation instruction Contura 590 amp 590T and Lighting and Maintenance Instructions for Contura 500 see reference page Recommended stove adjustment The connecting sleeve c
27. CONTROL Normal operation Open and close da Eco key Economy operation Open and close door RESOLVE Temperature decrease 44 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Innovative components mul TU mi process i control erase intelligent control i control developed by Haas amp Sohn Air control system Similar system to Rikatronic For each phase of combustion the microprocessor based control supplies the optimum quantity of air for the combustion process This is done in steps in dependence of the flue gas temperature measured at the outlet of the chimney stove 1 type of chimney stove i control 247 17 with i control technology is available No detailed functional description available at the moment 45 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi rocess Pres Ignition and operation of a chimney stove I Impact of different ignition strategies There was no special focus on this impact during research activities in Austria It was found that significant differences regarding the gaseous CO and OGC and particulate emissions during the ignition batch can occur even when the same strategy is used Emission factors determined for the ignition batch using the same ignition strategy varied as following CO 1 490 to 6 140 mg MJ OGC 119 to 920 mg MJ PM 74 to 173 mg MJ 46 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi
28. I II Nr 331 1997 which entered into force on the 1st of June 1998 covers installations with a nominal heat capacity above 50 kW For small combustion installations lt 50 kW output the requirements make a distinction between manually and automatically operated appliances and between fossil fuels and biofuels cami Biogenic solid fuels 1 100 1507 80 60 Fossil solid fuels 1 100 100 80 60 ic soli 40 o Stocking automatically Biogenic solid fuels 150 40 Fossil solid fuels 1 in relation to the energy content net caloric value of the fuel used 2 The NO limits apply only to wood fired boilers 3 At partial load with 30 of the nominal heat output the limit may be exceeded by 50 79 Summary Il bioenergy2020 Regulations concerning emission limits mgilty Lo process amp particle engineering National quality label Umweltzeichen 37 Introduced by the Austrian government the Umweltzeichen 37 is a voluntary scheme that is based on existing Austrian standards but with improved emission values There is also a distinction between manually and automatically fed appliances Emission limit value mg MJ Efficiency Appllange ype ev iuel at nominal at partial at nominal at partial NO load load load load Bier fe es Is 5 Automatically ed ecomneatng let 120 ass 6 1 To 10 9 wood chips 120 205 6 fed__ Roomheating flog wood 70 5
29. as main function and further Cooking amp baking oven 2005 benefits by heat release to the room Central heating amp Central heating amp cooking EN 12815 Sept Furnace with cooking as main function and further residential cookers stoves 2005 benefits by heat release to the room and to the hot water circulation Tap water heaters Bathroom stoves usually for DIN 18889 coal Sauna stoves Sauna stoves Residential space Pelletstoves without water EN 14785 Sept Room heaters for wood pellets until 50 kW with heating appliances jacket 2005 mechanical fuel charging without water jacket fired by wood pellets without water jacket Residential space Pelletstoves with water EN 14785 Sept Room heaters for wood pellets until 50 kW with 104 3 60 159 99 3 73 149 15 3 8 0 23 0 4 1 0 8 0 heating appliances jacket 2005 mechanical fuel charging with water jacket fired by wood pellets with water jacket 78 Summary l bioenergy2020 Regulations concerning emission limits qity Lo process amp particle engineering Two regulations currently apply to small scale combustion installations in Austria The Vereinbarung gem Art 15a B VG ber Schutzma nahmen betreffend Kleinfeuerungen sets requirements for small combustion installations lt 50 kW output The Feuerungsanlagen Verordnung BGB
30. aseous and particulate emissions than older low price chimney stove technologies Old technology stoves emit considerable higher gaseous and particulate emissions during all phases of combustion ignition phase main combustion and the burnout phase Modern stoves are characterised by a short ignition phase and quite stable O concentrations in the flue gas as well as sufficiently high temperatures during the main combustion phase Also during charcoal burnout the modern stoves emit less gaseous emissions than old technologies 85 bioenergy2020 ae m rocess amp References Publications I Austroflamm 2010 Homepage http www austroflamm com AUSTROFLAMM GmbH Krenglbach Austria 12 04 2010 Brunner T Obernberger l Scharler R 2009 Primary measures for low emission residential wood combustion comparison of old with optimised modern systems In Proceedings of the 17th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition From Research to Industry and Markets June July 2009 Hamburg Germany Flechl 2010 Homepage http www flechl kachelofen at Flechl Ofen GmbH Kaindorf Austria 12 04 2010 Haas Sohn 2010 Homepage http www haassohn com HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GMBH Puch bei Hallein Austria 12 04 2010 Haneder H Furtner K 2008 Biomasse Heizungserhebung 2007 NO Landes Landwirtschaftskammer Abteilung Betriebswirtschaft und Technik Ed St P lten ustria Haneder H Furtner K 2009 Bi
31. astered 15250 A1 2007 extinct either as pre fabricated unit or as stoves errected on site from manufacturer released set of pre manufactured modules and storage parts no on site realization by craftsman no materials water jacket Inset appliances Closed fireplace EN 13229 Oct Stand alone or built in furnace with functional Bean 80 700 120 50 30 closed operation 2005 changes Tiled stove inserts Warm air tiled stove inserts EN Oct Heating insert for tiled or plastered stoves until 15 YZ 37 80 700 120 50 30 with flat furnace 13229 A1 2005 kW without water jacket for small single layer fuel chargings Tiled stove inserts Warm air tiled stove inserts EN Oct Heating insert for tiled or plastered stoves until 15 UZ 37 80 700 120 50 30 with filling furnace 13229 A1 2005 kW without water jacket for high multi layer fuel chargings Residential cookers Kitchen stove or EN 12815 Sept Furnace with cooking as main function and further UZ 37 80 700 120 50 30 Cooking amp baking oven 2005 benefits by heat release to the room Central heating amp Central heating amp cooking EN 12815 Sept Furnace with cooking as main function and further UZ 37 80 700 120 50 30 residential cookers stoves 2005 benefits by heat release to the room and to the hot water circulation Tap water heaters Bathroom stoves usually for DIN 18889 2 coal Sauna stoves Sauna stoves E Residential space Pellet
32. carried out by the operator only emission or efficiency relevant issues e annual maintenance e check for broken door sealing e if smoke is released into the room gt open window and shut down the stove General experience and recommendations E Slow heat releasing stoves eer Forderzentrum Slow heat releasing stove flue gas warm air heat exchanger secondary air combustion chamber primary air with grid Source Kaltschmitt Hartmann Hofbauer 2009 1 5 General experience and recommendations Slow heat releasing stoves Technologie und Ignition of a slow heat releasing stove Recommended stove adjustment e g air inlet chimney flaps e all flaps fully open e for start up open flap for short cut if available to heat up the chimney for a better draft Type of ignition wood kindling recommended e not specified Shape and size of ignition wood recommended e not specified Amount of ignition wood used 0 5 kg Preparation and assembling of ignition wood in the stove e small wood sticks and on top larger wood logs cross wise General experience and recommendations E Technologie und Slow heat releasing stoves us Ignition of a slow heat releasing stove Type and amount of ignition aid used e g paper wax fibre bricks mineral oil cubes paper carton small wood sticks e wood shavings Time waited before 1 re feeding of firewood e not specified Add photographs or drawings on
33. case of log wood or little flames wood successfully fired up Air intake and 90 minutes briquettes can be seen above the glow stays open you can close the air intake Wait at least 12 hours before opening the charging door of your tile stove Source KV 2010 32 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Slow heat releasing stoves mul TU mi process Tiled stove Ehe Operation of the tiled stove I Fuel tiled stoves can either be fired with log wood or wood briquettes Only natural air dried wood with a maximum moisture content of 20 is suitable fuel for your tiled stove The right degree of dryness is achieved after two years of well ventilated covered storage outdoors All types of wood are Suitable hard and softwood The thickness of log wood can be up to 10 cm The choice of length 25 33 or 50 cm depends on the dimensions of the combustion chamber It is recommended to use only wood briquettes according to NORM M 7135 The weight of each individual piece must not exceed 1 kg if necessary break up the wood briquettes The stove fitter calculates the correct stove size and heat output The calculation corresponds to the audited calculation guideline of the Versuchsanstalt der Hafner Research Center of the Austrian stove fitters 33 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Slow heat releasing stoves mul TU mi Tiled stove En Operation of the tiled stove II
34. cedures is described in the user manuals A clear advice concerning the best ignition aid material is not given Newspaper uncoated is still rec ommended but it is obvious that purpose designed fire lighters blocks wax fibre cubes or sticks wax soaked wood shaving cylinders or mineral oil cubes are more favourable due to the longer burning time and better reliability In the stove manuals ignition is mostly recommended to be performed from underneath the wood layer But in some cases the ignition is also suggested from the top of a layer of logs particularly for tiled stoves with higher charging masses However scientific ex perience provided from Swiss researchers suggests to apply the top ignition method in all cases Holzenergie Schweiz 2007 Their elaborated ignition leaflet advices to place two layers of logs on the bottom the larger ones down smaller ones up and then to place the so called ignition module on the top The ignition module is a loose composi tion of four small coniferous wood sticks piled crosswise on each other and having a fire lighter block in the middle In the recommendation even a vertical orientation of a group of logs with the ignition module on top is suggested for tall fire boxes Any measure that speeds up the ignition is useful Therefore the ignition wood shall be small kindling of usual log length or shorter preferably soft wood possibly coniferous with higher resin content e g the Swiss igniti
35. deal setting For each further fuel layer proceed in the same way Lighting Primary air Source RIKA 2010 9 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aly U m RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH Gran san Ignition of the chimney stove with a primary air and a secondary air damper e g Esprit Alpha Il Ill Secondary air damper Vibrating grate actuator Primary air damper Source RIKA 2010 10 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves peru a RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH GAZE shia Ignition of the chimney stove with a regulator knob e g Cult I f the stove and chimney are still cold or if there is atmospheric low pressure it is recommend to burn some paper initially to heat up the stove and the chimney To light the fire place uncoated paper at the bottom of the combustion chamber then 0 5 kg softwood chippings and 1 to 1 5 kg depending on the nominal load of the chimney stove wood 3 small logs Turn the regulator knob to the right to fire lighting setting Primary and secondary air are completely open see picture Regulator knob on slide 12 Now ignite the paper and close the door Wait until the softwood chippings are burning well Turn the regulator knob 90 to the left some minutes later The primary air is now closed and the secondary air is completely open Set the regulator knob to the ideal setti
36. der dynamical model from the measured temperature Determination of the current combustion process on the basis of the calculated combustion temperature and its first and second derivatives Positioning of the air dampers according to the current combustion process 56 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves ae amp particle engineering Project A Development of a new stove technology VIII transition zone himney tube double jacket for glass window convective air slit for flushing air post combustion chamber measurement point FG2 flushing air channel measurement point FG1 combustion chamber secondary air nozzles secondary air channel outer layer of wood log bed of embers ia rate orifices for 4 convective air combustion air inlet Geometry of the wood log fired stove 57 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves HETTY as ess amp particle engineering Project A Development of a new stove technology IX Before parameter study After parameter study After test runs and Before parameter study After parameter study After test runs and basic geometry A 4 2 3 pre optimised geometry subsequent simulations basic geometry A 2 3 pre optimised geometry subsequent simulations deot 1 9 optimised geometry egg 1 9 optimised geometry Arot 2 0 Iagt 2 0
37. e No available information about suitability for briquettes Recommended fuel reloading When the fire has burned down to a glow it is time to put on wood 1 Open the handle to the door and let the pressure in the combustion chamber be balanced for a few seconds before opening the door completely 2 Apply 2 3 logs of wood to a combined weight of about 1 5 2 5 kg Place a log of wood diagonally and one or two logs parallel to the spine as illustrated below Then close the door 3 Combustion air damper must be fully open during 2 3 minutes until the firewood has become black and burns properly If you then want a slower combustion the air supply can be reduced gt i Arf N SE Recommended air and chimney flap adjustments When reloading the stove the combustion air damper should be left wide open until the wood is black and fully ignited approx 2 3 minutes For a nominal effect of 5 kW the air damper should then be 40 open and for 3 4 kW the air damper can be 20 opened If the latter is chosen the air damper should be open for 3 5 minutes after reloading wood your OD BO PE arenes LITT Ash handling recommendation In order to quickly get a good glow bed there should always be a thin layer of ash and char pieces in the stove When the ashes in the ash box are to be emptied ensure that there is no glow left The ashes should be stored in a non combustible container with a lid for at least a week before b
38. e indicator has changed to green it takes 20 minutes until the stove starts to regulate the combustion process This period is necessary to obtain the required bed of embers PR General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Innovative components mau En Rikatronic V Sa nr a 1 fa a will f the indicator changes from green to red flashing then this is the time to add more wood logs After adding fuel for the first time fully close the shaker grate The red flashing phase varies according to the respective environmental influences as a rule however it lasts approx 5 10 min After that the indicator changes to steady green and indicates the main combustion phase Also eco operation with reduced heat output is possible if the space to be heated is already at the desired temperature To activate the eco operation you have to press a button called Eco button Source RIKA 2010 43 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Innovative components Rikatronic VI Functional specification Boot phase Stand by phase Activate phase Heat up phase Burning phase Control phase Normal operation co operation Resolve phase STANDBY Temperature lt ACTIVATE Temperature Temperature lt 350 C Temperature increase u Grazu process amp p e BOOT Source RIKA 2010 Heat up phase Pi Burning phase Temperature gt 350 C
39. e without any change of 605 9 439 5 820 1 83 3 65 8 91 1 70 1 65 3 81 5 36 7 38 7 47 6 41 6 27 2 56 6 with or without window functional design Roomheaters with Chimney stoves EN 13240 Oct Burning time with wood 1 5 h or 10 h resp filling furnace with or without window 2005 nominal heat power or low power adjustment Slow heat release Mansionry heaters EN June Furnace with heat release even when the fire is appliances e g heaw tiled or plastered 15250 A1 2007 extinct either as pre fabricated unit or as stoves errected on site from manufacturer released set of pre manufactured modules and storage parts no on site realization by craftsman no materials water jacket Inset appliances Closed fireplace EN 13229 Oct Stand alone or built in furnace with functional closed operation 2005 changes Tiled stove inserts Warm air tiled stove inserts EN Oct Heating insert for tiled or plastered stoves until 15 837 1 683 4 912 0 nm n m 15 8 8 4 30 7 29 6 18 4 45 4 49 3 24 6 37 5 with flat furnace 13229 A1 2005 kW without water jacket for small single layer fuel chargings Tiled stove inserts Warm air tiled stove inserts EN Oct Heating insert for tiled or plastered stoves until 15 with filling furnace 13229 A1 2005 kW without water jacket for high multi layer fuel chargings Residential cookers Kitchen stove or EN 12815 Sept Furnace with cooking
40. ed of embers after the flame extinguished Before opening the firebox door you should fully close all air dampers and put about 1 5 to 2 5 kg depending on the nominal load of the chimney stove in the firebox Close the primary air damper first and after that close the firebox door again General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH A Ignition of the chimney stove Il Following this fully open all air dampers immediately to keep the time span to the lighting of the fuel as short as possible As soon as the fuel is burning well close the primary air damper Il The secondary air damper remains open For each further layer of fuel proceed in the same way General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu mi HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH CAEN Ebi Ignition of the chimney stove Ill Small wood logs on top 1 primary air I through the grate 2 primary air Il flows onto the fuel in a horizontal direction 3 secondary air purge air system pre heated air from above is the main combustion air for wood Lighting aid in between some wood logs at the bottom lighting air dampers Source Haas Sohn 2010 19 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k HAAS SOHN OFENTECHNIK GmbH A Operation of the chimney stove I Charging fuel in only one layer
41. eing disposed To avoid soot forming the following is recommended Make sure to keep the recommended moisture content Make sure to keep up the temperature in the stove Make sure to keep the combustion air damper open for a few minutes after ignition and reloading of fuel Example of a typical Swedish Slow heat releasing stove Cronprinsen Allmoge 500 series Dimensions for Allmoge 520 Height mm 2350 Diameter mm 870 Weight kg 1300 Technical data Nominal effect kW 2 4 Efficiency 87 Ma as was SPE 9 amp F SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden uy your DE ance S TTT Ignition of a chimney stove All examples that follow are for the heat releasing stove Allmoge 500 series and all information is found in Installation instruction Cronprinsen 500 and Lighting and Maintenance Instructions for Cronprinsen 100 200 500 see reference page Recommended stove adjustment The connecting sleeve coupling on the chimney has an outer diameter of 150 mm and the chimney requires a draft of a minimum of 12 Pa The recommended chimney length is 3 5 m with a cross section of 150 200 cm The connecting sleeve coupling of the air inlet has an outer diameter of 64 mm The stove must rest for a minimum of a week after being installed before getting used Ignition wood recommended type shape size amount All kinds of wood such as wood of birch beech oak elm ash c
42. eration of the stove as recommended by the manufacturer bioenergy2020 ae rocess amp 70 Research findings bioenergy2020 Slow heat releasing stoves qT a process Project A Test runs with a modern tiled stove Il Continuous measurements Operation parameters flue gas temperature T FG combustion chamber temperature T CC chimney draught dp Flue gas composition in the undiluted flue gas by using standard flue gas analysers for O paramagnetic sensor CO NDIR NO CLD and OGC FID Determination of the particle size distribution PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with an electrical low pressure impactor ELPI 10 lpm All relevant data temperatures mass flows of the dilution air 71 Research findings bioenergy2020 Slow heat releasing stoves qT a rocess Pres Project A Test runs with a modern tiled stove Ill Discontinuous measurements and sampling Fuel sampling Bottom ash sampling Weighing of the fuel and weighing of the bottom ash Determination of the total fly ash TSP concentration in the undiluted flue gas according to VDI 2066 Determination of the PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with 9 stage Berner type low pressure impactors BLPI Determination of the PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with a 5 stage Dekati gravimetric impactor DGI 72 Research findings Slow
43. es the limitation is 15 In some sources ranges of moisture content are mentioned e g 15 to 20 Alakangas et al 2008 or between 14 to 18 but it is likely that this has to be interpreted as a range for the maximum mois ture content However too low moisture contents below 9 can also be unfavourable in a stove but this is never mentioned in any of the stove manuals It was rather shown in research Hartmann H and Turowski P 2010 where the rapid ignition of a technically dried fuel batch caused an excessive build up of combustion gases with are consequently having a lower residence time in the hot combustion zone On the other side moisture contents above 20 bear a high risk of increased hydrocarbon emissions The combination of fine wood shape and extra dry fuels is reported to be hazardous This leads to too high burning rate which causes insufficient air supply conditions espe cially when full loads of extra dry and fine split logs are combusted Pettersson et al 2011 On the suitability of the specific briquette types the furnace industry provides only little information and also relevant research findings are here hardly available Only for bri quettes from bark a strong warning can be expressed as a result from test stand trials Their use is usually leading to immensely higher particle and hydrocarbon emissions in ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand cha
44. far Within the scope of research performed the recharging mode recommended by the manufacturer was applied 48 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi rocess Pres Ignition and operation of a chimney stove IV Performance with wood briquettes compared to wood logs Test run data with wood briquettes are not available Within the scope of research performed only wood logs were used Performance with automatic air control See Project A Development of a new stove technology 49 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves qT i rocess Pres Project A Development of a new stove technology I Overall project aim Development of a new stove technology with reduced emissions compared with the state of the art Methodology applied Performance of test runs to determinate the gaseous and particulate emissions to evaluate the current situation CFD based optimisation of the stove geometry Development of a CFD model suitable for the simulation of combustion batches in stoves Scharler et al 2009 Development of an appropriate intelligent process control Performance of test runs with the optimised stove prototype Test runs with controlled combustion Test runs with uncontrolled combustion 50 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi process amp Project A Development of a new stove technology Il Continuous measurement
45. gas temperatures but such recommendation or advice is usually not provided by the furnace manufacturers Automatic electronically controlled air supply units by air flap adjustment are available for both chimney stoves and tiled stoves A market inventory of the systems is given in Table 1 Although a high availability is meanwhile given the electronic control systems are today still hardly used for chimney stoves For high value tiled stoves however they have become a significant feature for some manufacturers Most tiled and chimney stoves are today released with a central air inlet socket which could allow a retrofit installation of an electronic air control device given that the respec tive air flap settings for the furnace type are available by previous adaptation procedure Thus the potential for further technical improvements of existing installations is relatively high ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves Table 1 Currently available microprocessor controlled air supply systems for stoves all devices are equipped with display and air regulation flap Regulation according to flue gas temperature Haas und Sohn Chimney Regulation according to flue Applied in own stoves only Ofentechnik GmbH Istoves gas SWEET ae 1800 1400 Regulation according to flue gas temperature Regulation according to flue gas temperature Regulation according t
46. ging twice a day for 24 h heat output Recommendations concerning the mode of recharging e g position orientation distance of log e not specified Recommendation for ignitability sustaining mode partial load operation e not specified Ash handling recommendation e g full or partial ash removal before reuse e no ash removal only about twice a year e only ash removal when ash bed is higher than 5 cm Recommended flap positions when stove is cold shut off mode heat loss prevention e all flaps should be closed 19 General experience and recommendations baad Slow heat releasing stoves racheoaie ih Forderzentrum Maintenance of a slow heat releasing stove Which maintenance actions are recommended to be carried out by the operator only emission or efficiency relevant issues e cleaning of hot gas tract every 2 3 years to remove depositions 20 General experience and recommendations bo Technologie und Stoves in general tint Features or component parts to increase performance Thermometers for exhaust temperatures are they recommended e rarely recommended but used in simple automatic air control systems Filling level indications in furnaces do they exist e available for pellet stoves Electronic status information recharging signals e yes when automatic air control system is integrated 21 General experience and recommendations bo Stoves in general Mirhnologl end Features or compone
47. he fuel should be between 14 and 18 gt 2 3 years drying and well ventilated storage Only one layer of fuel must be placed on the existing glowing embers when re charging Fuel loading 1 2 to 2 kg 2 logs 25 cm or 33 cm long per layer for rated heating value For minimum thermal output 0 6 to 1 kg 2 logs 25 cm or 33 cm long The ash drawer is to be emptied regularly to prevent excessive loading of the grate General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves Tu i RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH ve Grace pref Operation of the chimney stove Il The moving of the grate causes the ash to be transferred from the combustion chamber to the ash drawer This gives room for the primary feed air that is required for the start up phase of a combustion batch The grate should always remain closed Exception Wood or briquettes are too moist The grate does not have to be operated during heating Setting for nominal heating Primary air closed Secondary air 66 open Grate closed General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH Pracie Maintenance of the chimney stove All maintenance and cleaning work is only to be performed on completely cooled stoves The periods between inspections depend in particular on the quality of used firewood and the frequency of use Remove dust deposits from the convection air
48. himney Heat storing Pellet stoves Wood log Wood chip Pellet boilers stoves stoves boilers boilers Source Institut f r Energetik Leipzig 2008 Type testing versus practise tests F rderzentrum 100 mg Nm 1 3 O gt O Total dust emissions N O N N N Pellet Wood chip Log wood Tiled stove Chimney boiler boiler boiler insert stove TFZ Measurements 10 to 12 replications at nominal power dry fuels General experience and recommendations ER Chimney stoves Technologie und F rderzentrum Chimney stove glass door secondary air primary air combustion air air at room temperature Source Kaltschmitt Hartmann Hofbauer 2009 6 General experience and recommendations ER Technologie und u C h i m ney stoves F rderzentrum Ignition of a chimney stove Recommended stove adjustment e g air inlet chimney flaps e air inlet should be fully open for ignition procedure e read stove manual Type of ignition wood kindling recommended e fir wood e soft wood Shape and size of ignition wood recommended e smaller than wood for heating e thin slices e e g 3 cm x 3 cm with 20 cm in length e 4 cm thick e 5 cm in diameter Amount of ignition wood used 0 5 kg e 0 5 kg wood shavings and 1 kg of wood logs 3 logs General experience and recommendations E u C h i m ney stoves F rderzentrum Ignition of a chimney stove Preparation and assembling of igniti
49. hould be removed If the furnace has a grate the ash is discharged through the grate into the ash pan drawer The re moval of ash is a frequent but not an every day task depending on the size of the ash pan Overloading of ash shall be avoided in order to prevent high ash layers from block ing the grate air supply as required for rapid ignition Safety requirements are to be fol lowed e g disposal of hot ash From fireplaces without grate the ash should not be completely removed A thin layer of ash is recommended to remain in the firebox to preserve the bottom lining 4 Maintenance In the point of maintenance the recommendations are quite uniform and clear Mainte nance shall be done at least once a year in cold condition by removing the ash deposits in the connecting flue gas pipe or on draft baffle plates Sometimes the manufacturers recommend removing the baffle plates or the connecting pipes for cleaning Defect ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves 8 plates shall be replaced The stove shall be fully cleaned inside and checked for any signs of wear e g sealing material Chimney sweeping has also to be done regularly 5 Further equipment Further equipment for retrofit optimisation is available but it is not widely used For ex ample the use of a flue gas thermometer can provide interesting information about heat losses due to excessive flue
50. ing chamber Yes normal for modern stoves Which chimneys are recommended materials dimensions etc For the stove used as an example above the recommended chimney length is 3 5 m with a cross section of 150 200 cm The chimney requires a draft of a minimum of 12 Pa and have to be dimensioned for a flue gas temperature of 350 C No information about material is mentioned Ma a war P gt E up Your ge y ene s Van S 7 SP lecnni cal Research Inst SJ C 2 Research findings Chimney stoves Ignition and operation of a chimney stove Impact of different ignition strategies No available research Fuel type differences Somewhat higher emissions of CO TOC and PAH when burning conifer wood compared to birch wood Performance with wood briquettes compared to wood logs No available research Wood log size and shape effects Too high burning rate caused insufficient air Fuel moisture impacts supply conditions when full loads of extra dry and fine splitted logs were combusted Fuel loading differences Impacts of frequency of recharging No available research Impacts concerning recharging mode e g position orientation of log distance Performance with automatic air control N Boman C Nordin A hman M Bostr m D Westerholm R Emissions from small scale combustion WI of biomass fuels extensive quantification and characterization ISSN 1653 0551 ETPC Repor
51. ing during a considerable period of time usually about 8 to 12 hours Usually in batch operation and especially suitable for cold climates with slow temperature changes They are not only a heating device in many cases they are also a design element in modern living rooms Flat bottom no grate To be de ashed with shovels No air staging General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Tiled stoves atu P a General information Il real Capacity range 4 to 15 kW depending on the tile surface Fuels used Log wood 25 cm 33 cm or 50 cm Wood briquettes unusual Automatically pellets fed systems under development Types Individual units built by tiled stove fitters The stove fitter calculates the stove size and heat output corresponding to the audited calculation guideline of the Research Center of the Austrian stove fitters Versuchsanstalt der Hafner General experience and recommendations DIO 2020 Chimney stoves TU RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH GAZE rat Photographs of typical chimney stoves in Austria manufactured from RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH Esprit Alpha Il Source RIKA 2010 7 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves peru a RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH GAZE shia Ignition of the chimney stove with a primary air and a secondary air damper e g Esprit Alpha Il I f the stove and chimney are still cold
52. led stoves the maximum and minimum weight of the wood logs and wood briquettes is calculated from the stove fitter Electronic status information re charging signals Not applied at the moment Automatic retrofit air control systems Not applied at the moment Electrical fan in chimney or tiled stove Not applied at the moment 38 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Innovative components pitu F Rikatronic l enkan Patented air control system developed by RIKA see picture on slide 41 For each phase of combustion the microprocessor controlled Rikatronic control supplies the optimum quantity of air for the combustion process This is done in steps by a flame temperature sensor Meanwhile the RLS system determines the distribution ratio of primary and secondary air upper and lower air see picture on slide 40 The supply of the primary air lower air to the lower zone is controlled by the grate The secondary air upper air helps to improve the combustion process on the one hand and on the other hand acts as purged air for the window At the same time the design of the wood catcher in conjunction with the respective combustion chamber geometry ensures turbulent air currents and the fire clay promotes high combustion chamber temperatures An acceleration of the reaction of the flue gases released during the pyrolysis phase with the air fed into the combustion chamber is achieved b
53. matter flue gas analyser chimney draught cyclone porous tube diluter particle free and dry pressurised air massflow controller Dekati Gravimetric Impactor Berner typ low pressure impactor Electrical low pressure impactor ejector diluter pump ventilator temperature critical orifice 65 Research findings Chimney stoves bioenergy2020 qity Lo process amp particle engineering Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low priced chimney stove from the hardware store VI Gaseous and particulate emissions during a test run with the modern chimney stove 25 l 20 15 T 10 l l Or Vol 02 Vol CO mg Nm OGC mg Nme 6 000 4 000 7 2 000 CO mg Nm3 a S ro OGC mg Nm oO PM1 TSP mg Nm3 1 200 TCC TFG C Temperature C w oD oO oO 09 00 09 30 10 00 10 30 11 00 11 30 12 00 12 30 13 00 Emission results data related to dry flue gas and 13 vol O T CC combustion chamber temperature T FG flue gas temperature the BLPI TSP and DGI lines indicate the measured PM concentration over the respective sampling period 66 Research findings Chimney stoves bioenergy2020 ae m Lo process amp particle engineering Project B Test runs with a
54. me Test runs Ignition batch 2 batches to reach steady conditions heating up phase 3 batches under steady conditions evaluated phase 53 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves nt EL process amp particle engineering Project A Development of a new stove technology V Measurement set up applied chimney flue gas temperature according to EN 13240 total dust in combustion temperature and chamber temperature flue gas composition ELPI at stove outlet combustion chamber temperature BLPI Optional combustion air velocity measurement 54 Research findings DIO 2020 Chimney stoves TU Graz process amp particle engineering Project A Development of a new stove technology VI Measurement set up applied chimney draught flue gas temperature according to EN 13240 TSP measurement flue gas _ u wi BLPI measurement 55 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves qT am rocess amp Project A Development of a new stove technology VII CFD based optimisation of the stove by optimisation of the stove geometry and air staging measures see pictures on slide 57 and 58 Installation of secondary air nozzles Optimisation by development of an intelligent process control Measurement of the flue gas temperature by a resistance temperature sensor Pt 100 Estimation of the combustion temperature by a 1 or
55. modern Austrian and a low priced chimney stove from the hardware store VII Gaseous and particulate emissions during a test run with the low price chimney stove 25 J Oz Vol 02 Vol 20 l l 15 4 10 4 l i l CO mg Nm OGC mg Nm EKRI BLPI TS P DGI PM1 TSP mg Nm DS oO gt io e ro nee TFG C fo oO ie Q Temperature C O 0 09 45 10 00 10 15 10 30 10 45 11 00 11 30 11 45 I t l I il 4 12 00 12 15 12 30 12 45 13 00 Emission results data related to dry flue gas and 13 vol O T CC combustion chamber temperature T FG flue gas temperature the BLPI TSP and DGI lines indicate the measured PM concentration over the respective sampling period 67 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi rocess Pres Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low priced chimney stove from the hardware store VIII Results Modern chimney stoves emit significantly less gaseous and particulate emissions than older low price chimney stove technologies The old technology stove emits much more gaseous and particulate emissions during all phases of combustion ignition phase main combustion and the burnout phase Modern stoves are characteri
56. n chamber temperatures 4 LOG GUARD Directs upper air airflow precisely to the primary zone and promotes turbulent flows 5 PRIMARY AIR FLOW LOWER AIR 6 RLS AIR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 7 RIKATRONIC Flame temperature sensor and microprocessor controlled motor for automatic drive of the RLS air distribution system 8 RADIATED HEAT 9 SOLID HIGH QUALITY CAST DOOR Keeps the stove airtight even during intensive operation and at high temperatures and prevents incorrect airflow Source RIKA 2010 41 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Innovative com je components er m Rikatronic IV nee 2 types of chimney stoves Cult plus and Eco plus with Rikatronic technology are available Ignition and operation of these types of stoves see pictures on slide 43 To operate the stoves with Rikatronic you have to insert the main plug and operate the main switch on the back of the stove Open the grate door and on the left and right put two splits of wood longways on the grate floor On the chipboard lay 3 billets crossways On the wood logs put more splits crossways Under this splits place a firelighter on the left hand side if necessary uncoated paper can be placed under the splits instead of the firelighter Open the shaker grate fully light the firelighter or the uncoated paper and close the door As soon as the temperature exceeds 50 C the indictor changes to green When th
57. ng some minutes later Secondary air approx 66 open primary air closed General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves mul Tu mi RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH er Ta Ignition of the chimney stove with a regulator knob e g Cult Il After burn off place approx 1 2 to 1 8 kg depending on the nominal load of the chimney stove of wood 2 logs on the bed of embers Open the riddle grate and the primary air until the wood burns well Proceed in the same way every time you place more wood on the fire IDEAL POSITION MAXIMUM POSITION Infinitely variable control of Secondary air 66 open Secondary air 100 S Opan the primary air Primary air closed 0 Primary air closed 0 secondary air remains 100 open MINIMUM POSITION i m Secondary air 33 open N Primary air closed 0 gt ANN 2 A Jar Pd ZERO POSITION STARTING POSITION Secondary air closed 0 Primary air 100 open Primary air closed 0 oS Secondary air 100 open Regulator knob Source RIKA 2010 12 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH Pracie Operation of the chimney stove I The stoves are generally suitable for burning dry and untreated firewood Deciduous wood is particularly suitable The stoves also can run with wood briquettes and special stoves e g Alpha Il with brown coal briquettes Moisture content of t
58. ngs Chimney stoves Log size influence on dust emission Technologie und F rderzentrum Undiluted flue gas E Diluted flue gas small logs normal log large log 4 pieces of 2 pieces 1 piece 0 35 kg of 0 7 kg of 1 4 kg Chimney stove Wodtke Moon 7 kW updraft Source Ellner Schuberth et al 2010 26 Research findings Slow heat releasing stoves bo Effect fuel type on total dust emissions Technologie und 250 E diluted flue gas mg Nm 13 O 0 n 6 n 3 n 3 n 3 n 3 Tiled stove beech birch spruce spruce wood Brunner HKD 5 1 without bark briquettes 10 kw Source Ellner Schuberth et al 2010 27 Research findings Slow heat releasing stoves bm Influence of fuel load on dust emission Technologie una 120 OH undiluted flue gas mg Nm E diluted flue gas 13 O a 80 2 0 2 60 D i m 40 20 0 2 25 kg 4 5kg 9 kg Tiled stove Fuel mass per recharge Brunner HKD 5 1 10 kw Source Ellner Schuberth et al 2010 28 Technologie und F rderzentrum References Publications Chimney stoves Heizen mit Holz Umweltbundesamt 2007 http www umweltdaten de publikationen fpdf 3151 pdf Heizen mit Holz LfU http www lfu bayern de luft fachinformationen biogene_festbrennsto ffe doc scheitholzkessel pdf Heizen mit Holz Tirol Umwelt http www tirol gv at fileadmin www tirol gv at themen umwelt umwelt recht Folder_RichtigHeizenHolz pdf
59. nt parts to increase performance Automatic retrofit air control systems type description price features e all equipped with display and air regulation flap Supplier Principle CA plication Features Price BBT Thermotechnik only for own products also for additional regulation according to flue gas temperature ae GmbH Buderus features e g room air ventilation can be and flow in flue gas pipe Deutschland included Brula GmbH regulation according to flue gas temperature only for own wood stoves 1000 regulation according to flue gas temperature SUE for a i Doce en Kutzner Weber GmbH 9 gt g p version including room air ventilation 1800 and flow in flue gas pipe available regulation according to flue gas temperature only for own wood stoves 1400 regulation according to flue gas temperature only for own wood stoves 1150 only for own wood stoves extended regulation according to flue gas temperature S i Re version including deactivation of exhaust 1500 and flow in flue gas pipe hood available not only stove regulation only for own wood stoves extended regulation according to flue gas temperature version including deactivation of exhaust hood available not only stove regulation only for own wood stoves extended regulation according to flue gas temperature version including deactivation of exhaust 1600 hood available not only stove regulation 22 General experience and recommendations Stoves in general Fea
60. o lame temperature sensor Regulation according to flue gas temperature and flow in Regulation according to flue gas temperature Regulation according to flue gas temperature pplied in own stoves only Applied in own stoves only ex ended version includes deactiva ion of exhaust hood Applied in own stoves only ex ended version includes deactiva ion of exhaust hood Applied in own stoves only ex ended version includes deactiva ion of exhaust hood available Electronic fans for wood stoves are completely uncommon The use of bleed air flaps to prevent excessive chimney draught in critical stages of batch combustion is sometimes recommended by the chimney manufacturers but this measure is mostly limited to new chimney installations ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves 10 6 References Alakangas E et al 2008 Efficient and environmentally friendly biomass heating Firewood production and use in fireplaces and stoves Manual published by Technical Research Centre of Finland VTT VTT R 11187 08 Download www biohousing eu com stoveheating Pettersson E Boman C Westerholm R Bostrom D and Nordin A 2011 Stove performance and emission characteristics in residential wood log and pellet combustion Part 2 Wood stove Energy and Fuels 25 1 315 323 Ellner Schuberth F Hartmann H Turowski P Ro mann P
61. omasse Heizungserhebung 2008 N Landes Pa e Abteilung Betriebswirtschaft und Technik Ed St P lten ustria 86 bioenergy2020 ey Ei Grazu Process RIKA 2010 Homepage http www rika at RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH Micheldorf Austria 12 04 2010 References Publications Il OKV 2010 Homepage http www kachelofenverband at sterreichischer Kachelofenverband Vienna Austria 12 04 2010 Scharler R Benesch C Neudeck A Obernberger I 2009 CFD based design and optimisation of wood log fired stoves In Proceedings of the 17th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition From Research to Industry and Markets June July 2009 Hamburg Germany 87 Annex 3 Country report from Germany Evaluation of emission reduction strategies for stoves Operational influences Country report TFZ Prepared by Claudia Schon Hans Hartmann Technologie und Forderzentru Room heating systems in operation in Germany Room heaters Total 14 1 million 2007 Heat storing stoves 29 9 Others 0 9 Pellet stoves KE Technologie und F rderzentrum Source IE Leipzig German emission directive New limitations for room heaters ER Requirements for type tests no inspections by chimney sweep required Tach nd F rderzentrum Limits in Step 1 2010 Limits in Step 2 2015 European ini CO Total PM CO Total PM test ici g m3 g m3 g m3 g m3 Other denominations standard 13 0 13 O
62. on leaflet suggests fir tree wood The sug gested diameter of kindling is 2 to 5 cm Also wood shavings or coarse wood chips can be used ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country reports on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves 5 The desired fast ignition is obtained by opening all combustion air dampers entirely or by letting the door stand open in ignition mode briefly During the course of the combustion of the first batch the primary air supply can be reduced e g after 10 minutes while the secondary air damper remains open It can be concluded that manufacturers recommendations concerning ignition are largely inconsistent or even contradictory which implies that the phase of ignition was hardly ever been investigated systematically This may also be due to a lack of a suitable measuring procedure which is particularly elaborate as the flue gas flow is highly vari able in this phase of a log wood stove and it can hardly be monitored representatively 3 Stove operation 3 1 Fuels Suitable fuel lengths are 25 33 and for tiled stoves sometimes 50 cm Wood bri quettes and brown coal briquettes are also used in both stove groups For chimney stoves a diameter of 7 to 9 cm is sometimes suggested for tiled stoves up to 10 cm Sometimes a maximum weight of 1 kg per log is mentioned For moisture content the useful range is inconsistent A moisture content of below 20 is mostly recommended sometim
63. on wood in the stove e small wood sticks crosswise in combustion chamber ignition from top e ignition from top e ignition from bottom e wood briquettes should be cut before ignition e keep distance to walls e see additional pictures for assembling Type and amount of ignition aid used e g paper wax fibre bricks mineral oil cubes e no paper or carton allowed e no liquids e paper with soft wood shavings Time waited before 1 re feeding of firewood e not specified General experience and recommendations bmi Chimney stoves Technologie und F rderzentrum Ignition of a chimney stove Photographs on recommended ignition procedure e ignition procedure for updraft chimney stove aun 4 firwood pieces with 3x3x20cm with wax crosswise and place containing wood wool ignition agent below e ignition procedure also depends on shape of combustion chamber place ingition module on top of wood logs placing wood sticks Source Richtig Anfeuern oberer Abbrand General experience and recommendations Chimney stoves Technologie und Forderzentrum Ignition of a chimney stove Photographs on recommended ignition procedure e ignition procedure for chimney stove place 2 thin sticks at add 3 thicker wood continue pilling up and ignite and the bottom logs crosswise add ignition aid below close door Source Rika Eco plus 10 General experience and recommendations C h m ney stoves F rderzentrum Opera
64. onifers and fruit trees can be used in the stove Ignition wood Kindling Length 25 33 cm Diameter 2 5 cm Mass at ignition 2 5 kg about 10 to 12 kindling bits Ignition procedure assembling of wood ignition aid air adjustment 1 2 gt Open combustion air supply fully Put newspaper or fire lighters and approximately 2 5 kg fine kindling in the middle of the stove The wood stacked underlying back and forth Light the fire Keep the door open approximately 10 mm After about 10 15 minutes close door completely Put in 2 3 logs of wood with a combined weight of 2 5 kg before the flame goes out After about 5 minutes when firewood has ignited properly reduce the combustion air START Slide valve positions e NORMAL FIRE omens CLOSED Additional information It is important that the wood quickly catches fire Fast ignition is obtained by opening the combustion air damper entirely or to let the door stand in ignition mode briefly Pyrolysis i e significantly reduced air supply provides only mild combustion causing large quantities of emissions and low efficiency and at worst can cause rapid ignition of gas damage to the stove as a result It is also important to keep the slide valve open until all glow has burned out your AO Bn QOS ene S m Operation of a slow heat releasing stove Recommended fuel types size and moisture content All kinds of wood such as wood of birch beech oak elm
65. or if there is atmospheric low pressure it is recommend to burn some paper initially to heat up the stove and the chimney When heating up first position 1 kg of wood 2 logs on the combustion chamber floor Then place some uncoated paper on top with approx 0 8 kg softwood chippings and 1 kg of wood 2 logs see picture lighting on slide 9 Pull the vibrating grate actuator see picture primary air part 14 on slide 9 fully out and open the primary air damper see picture primary air part 24 on slide 9 and the secondary air damper see picture on slide 10 Now ignite the paper and close the door Wait until the softwood chippings are burning well Approx 2 minutes later close the vibrating grate actuator and the primary air damper Several minutes later set the secondary air damper to the middle position and approx 6 minutes later adjust it to the ideal setting General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves peru a RIKA Innovative Ofentechnik GmbH Pra patil Ignition of the chimney stove with a primary air and a secondary air damper e g Esprit Alpha Il Il When the fire is extinguished put about 1 5 to 2 kg depending on the nominal load of the chimney stove of wood 2 logs in the firebox Open the vibrating grate actuator and the primary air damper until the wood is burning well approx 2 min and close them afterwards The secondary air damper should remain at the i
66. oupling on the chimney has an outer diameter of 150 mm and the chimney requires a draft of a minimum of 12 Pa The recommended chimney length is 3 5 m with a cross section of 150 200 cm The connecting sleeve coupling of the air inlet has an outer diameter of 64 mm The chimney stove requires approximately 25 m air h Ignition wood recommended type shape size amount All kinds of wood such as wood of birch beech oak elm ash conifers and fruit trees can be used in the stove Ignition wood Kindling Length 25 33 cm Diameter 2 5 cm Mass at ignition 2 2 kg about 8 to 10 kindling bits Ignition procedure assembling of wood ignition aid air adjustment 1 2 Open the slider fully to the combustion air Put newspaper or fire lighters and approximately 2 2 kg fine kindling in the middle of the stove The wood stacked underlying back and forth Light the fire The door is in its ignition mode i e the lower tiedown hook must be hooked on the turning key After about 5 10 minutes close door completely Put 2 3 sticks of wood with a combined weight of 1 7 2 5 kg before the flame goes out After about 5 minutes when firewood has ignited properly reduce the combustion air Additional information It is important that the wood quickly catches fire Fast ignition is obtained by opening the combustion air damper entirely or to let the door stand in ignition mode briefly Pyrolysis i e significantly reduced air suppl
67. ove with one air damper for primary air and secondary air e g Koko Pallas Il air damper open lt gt close lighting air damper Source Austroflamm 2010 25 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P a process Ignition of the chimney stove with separate air dampers for primary air and secondary air e g Solo I Fully open the air dampers for the primary air and secondary air See pictures on slide 27 Open the stove door and put 2 to 3 pieces of ignition aid lighting cube on the floor of the firebox Put softwood chips onto ignition aid and after that put one or two logs of wood on top of the wood chips Light the ignition aid and close the firebox door As soon as the chips burn well close the primary air damper When the wood logs are burning well too you can regulate the heating capacity with the secondary air damper When adding wood to the firebox follow the same procedure as when igniting the fire Open primary and secondary air dampers open firebox door lay wood on the bed of embers close the firebox door Wait until the added wood catches fire and is burning Then close the primary air damper Subsequently regulate the fire with the secondary air damper 26 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT mi process Ignition of the chimney stove with separate air dampers for primary air and secondary air e g Solo
68. ponents to increase performance l orabacis Temperature sensors Temperature sensors are used in special air control systems Detailed information see later in the presentation Filling level indications They do not exist for using wood logs and wood briquettes It is recommended to use only one layer 2 logs of fuel Electronic status information re charging signals Electronic status information already exist in special air control systems Detailed information see later in the presentation Use of soapstone or something comparably for storage as much heat as possible to increase the efficiency 36 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves Features or components to increase performance I Grazu Automatic retrofit air control systems Rikatronic developed by RIKA intelligent control i control developed by Haas amp Sohn Electrical fan in chimney or stove Not applied at the moment Secondary combustion chamber State of the art in Austria Recommended chimneys Flue gas tubes Steel sheet at least 2 mm thick 130 to 180 mm in diameter ay rocess Pres 37 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Tiled stove TU F a Features or components to increase performance ena karei Temperature sensors Not applied at the moment Filling level indications They do not exist for using wood logs and wood briquettes In ti
69. r tiled stove inserts EN Oct Heating insert for tiled or plastered stoves until 15 none Art 15 a B VG 78 1 100 150 80 60 with flat furnace 13229 A1 2005 kW without water jacket for small single layer fuel chargings 14 500 31 Tiled stove inserts Warm air tiled stove inserts EN Oct Heating insert for tiled or plastered stoves until 15 R none Art 15 a B VG 78 1 100 150 80 60 with filling furnace 13229 A1 2005 kW without water jacket for high multi layer fuel chargings Residential cookers Kitchen stove or EN 12815 Sept Furnace with cooking as main function and further 3 500 7 none Art 15aB VG 73 70 1 100 150 80 60 Cooking amp baking oven 2005 benefits by heat release to the room i 5 Central heating amp Central heating amp cooking EN 12815 Sept Furnace with cooking as main function and further none Art 15aB vG 73 70 1 100 150 80 60 residential cookers stoves 2005 benefits by heat release to the room and to the n a hot water circulation Tap water heaters Bathroom stoves usually for DIN 18889 n a none none coal Sauna stoves Sauna stoves n a none none Residential space Pelletstoves without water EN 14785 Sept Room heaters for wood pellets until 50 kW with none Art 15 a B VG 78 500 2 150 40 60 heating appliances jacket 2005 mechanical fuel charging without water jacket fired by wood pellets without water jacket
70. recommended ignition procedure if available e not available for slow heat releasing stoves Add other relevant information e none General experience and recommendations E Technologie und Slow heat releasing stoves us Operation of a slow heat releasing stove Recommended fuel types species and origin type of residues if applicable e all kind of wood spruce and pine wood preferred due to longer flames Suitability for briquettes and which types e yes but less should be loaded compared to wood logs e never place briquettes to close to each other expansion Recommendations of wood log size and shape with respect to furnace size power e diameter smaller than 10 cm 5 10 cm shorter than furnace Fuel moisture limitations min max please indicate if moisture is given as wet or dry basis below 20 on wet basis Recommended air and chimney flap adjustments e air and chimney flaps fully open as long as flames are present e after flames vanished all flaps should be closed to avoid heat loss General experience and recommendations E Slow heat releasing stoves racheoaie ih Forderzentrum Operation of a slow heat releasing stove Recommended fuel loading in mass volume log number per charging with respect to furnace size or give examples e 1 kg per kW installed e not up to the top of the furnace e at least 50 of the maximum load Recommendations concerning the moment or frequency of recharging e rechar
71. rged wood stoves 6 stoves Ellner Schuberth et al 2010 Bark briquettes are applied in chimney stoves for maintaining a longer ignitability in the bed of embers As also mentioned in the manufacture s manuals several fuel types are to be excluded from use in a stove impregnated painted or glued wood wood chipboards plastics col oured brochures Briquettes from non wood material for example straw are also not mentioned among the suitable fuels 3 2 Fuel charging and stove operation 3 2 1 Chimney stoves For chimney stoves a typical charging mass is around 1 2 to 2 5 kg 2 to 3 logs depend ing on the size of the combustion chamber Charging is mostly recommended to be done when no more bright flames are visible or shortly before the flames are out Generally the logs shall always be placed on an existing bed of embers Generally it is recom mended to place the logs in the back of the fire box rather than too close to the door in order to allow the purge air to flow freely over the window surface The feeding shall be done smoothly probably with the aid of a heat protecting glove to ensure that the ma terial is not thrown against any chamotte parts which may be damaged For the number of wood logs per feeding operation a frequently encountered recommen dation is to use 2 logs at a time or to apply a single layer of logs only Consequently there is a tendency to increase the number of chargings per hour which may con
72. s Operation parameters flue gas temperature combustion chamber temperature chimney draught Flue gas composition in the flue gas by using standard flue gas analysers for O paramagnetic sensor CO NDIR NO CLD and OGC FID Determination of the particle size distribution PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with an electrical low pressure impactor ELPI 10 lpm Determination of the air volume flows only during selected batches and only if these measurements do not significantly disturb the combustion process due to increased pressure losses 51 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves aT Bi rocess Pres Project A Development of a new stove technology Ill Discontinuous measurements Weighing of the fuel and weighing of the bottom ash Determination of the total fly ash TSP concentration in the undiluted flue gas according to VDI 2066 Determination of the PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with 9 stage Berner type low pressure impactors BLPI 52 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves qT Bi rocess Pres Project A Development of a new stove technology IV Ignition and operation of the stove as recommended by the manufacturer Nominal load 8 kW Used fuel beech logs 33 cm according to ONORM M 7132 and ONORM CEN TS 14961 Moisture content 9 8 wt w b Re charging after extinction of the fla
73. s on operational influences of hand charged wood stoves T however as the charging intervals are desirably short it is questionable whether this procedure will not rather lead to false operation due to the fact that the demand for fre quent re settings and adjustments are forgotten after recharging Such differentiated op erational instructions are sometimes primarily aiming at achieving favourable type testing results rather than being practical for everyday use 3 2 2 Slow heat releasing stoves For the operation of tiled stoves it is recommended to stack the wood cross wise in lay ers into the fire box If the fuel is staked loosely it is lighted from the bottom if packed tightly the lighting of the upper third is recommended Loose or tight stacking is per formed to keep the fuel mass relatively constant while both soft or hard wood logs are filled to equal heights in the fire box For tiled stoves it is usually recommended to close the air intake fully when the char bur out begins only blue flames are visible This is to conserve the heat for any further igni tion From the viewpoint of combustion quality this recommendation may be questioned However the burning time of a batch is usually longer for tiled stoves than for chimney stoves If an adjustable grate opening is given the grate should be closed during normal com bustion and not be operated 3 3 Ash removal Before re igniting the ash from the previous operation s
74. sed by a short ignition phase and quite stable O concentrations in the flue gas as well as sufficiently high temperatures during the main combustion phase Also during charcoal burnout the modern stove emits much less gaseous and particulate emissions than the old technology 68 Research findings Chimney stoves qity bioenergy2020 Lo proc ess amp particle engineering Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low priced chimney stove from the hardware store IX Results Batch 3 5 modern stove low price stove mean i min CO mg MJ OGC mg MJ PM mg MJ TSP mg MJ modern stove test run 1 test run 2 CO mg MJ OGC mg MJ PM mg MJ TSP mg MJ 2399 7 3429 8 208 3 313 0 53 9 79 0 101 4 129 3 Calculations according to EN 13240 for the calculations the mean O values as well as the mean gaseous emission values ppm are considered Period of calculation Closure of door until flame extinction 69 Research findings Slow heat releasing stoves Project A Test runs with a modern tiled stove I 6 Test runs with a modern tiled stove performed Used fuel beech logs 25 cm according NORM M 7132 and MY NORM CEN TS 14961 moisture content 9 1 wt w b Nominal load 4 2 kW Stove fitter member of the Austrian tiled stove association Fuel mass for nominal load 10 3 kg Determination of gaseous and particulate emissions Ignition and op
75. stoves without water EN 14785 Sept Room heaters for wood pellets until 50 kW with Wa 90 120 265 100 en 10 20 heating appliances jacket 2005 mechanical fuel charging without water jacket fired by wood pellets without water jacket Residential space Pelletstoves with water EN 14785 Sept Room heaters for wood pellets until 50 kW with za 90 120272655 100 8 10 20 heating appliances jacket 2005 mechanical fuel charging with water jacket fired by wood pellets with water jacket TU Grazm am process amp particle engineering 17 Classification performance and limitations of individual furnaces for wood room heaters III energy TU Grazu am process amp particle engineering Emissions field tests or expert estimate European test co co NOx NOx Tota PM TotalPM Total PM Total PM OGC OGC standard mean range mean range mean range mean range mean range Name Other denominations Year Description according to EN standard mg M mg MJ mg MJ mg MJ mg M mg M mg MJ mg MJ mg MJ mg M Open fires Open fireplace EN 13229 Oct Stand alone or inserted furnace without any 2005 change of functional design without door Roomheaters with Closed fireplaces EN 13240 Oct Inserted furnace without functional changes flat furnace Chimney stoves 2005 Stand alone furnac
76. t 05 01 el Ume February 2005 SP 4 SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden 14 yp your gE Ayp ence s TTS art Research findings Slow heat releasing stoves Ignition and operation of a slow heat releasing stove Impact of different ignition strategies Fuel type differences Performance with wood briquettes compared to wood logs Wood log size and shape effects Fuel moisture impacts please indicate if moisture is given as wet or dry basis Fuel loading differences Impacts of frequency of recharging Impacts concerning recharging mode e g position orientation of log distance Performance with automatic air control Other relevant research issues No available research within these areas Ma a was SP 4 SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden Rare yp your F A ance S Pa ENE Ss TTE References Publications Installation instruction Contura 590 amp 590T http www contura se modeller pdf iav_c590 se pdf Lighting and Maintenance Instructions for Contura 500 http www contura se modeller pdf BAV 20C500 pdf Installation instruction Cronprinsen 500 http www cronspisen eu se pdf IAV_Cronspisen 500 SE pdf Lighting and Maintenance Instructions for Cronprinsen 100 200 500 http www cronspisen eu se pdf BAV Cronspisen SE pdf Boman C Nordin A hman M Bostr m D Westerholm R Emissions from small scale combustion of biomass fuels extensive
77. ther denominations Year Description according to EN standard Sold 2008 share if applicable regulation mg MJ mg MJ mg MJ mg MJ Open fires Open fireplace EN 13229 Oct Stand alone or inserted furnace without any n a none none 2005 change of functional design without door Roomheaters with Closed fireplaces EN 13240 Oct Inserted furnace without functional changes none Art 15 a B VG 78 1 100 150 80 60 flat furnace Chimney stoves 2005 Stand alone furnace without any change of none Art 15 aB VG 78 1 100 150 80 60 with or without window functional design 26 000 55 Roomheaters with Chimney stoves EN 13240 Oct Burning time with wood 1 5 h or 10 h resp none Art 15 aB VG 78 1 100 150 80 60 filling furnace with or without window 2005 nominal heat power or low power adjustment Slow heat release Mansionry heaters EN June Furnace with heat release even when the fire is n a none Art 15 a B VG 78 1 100 150 80 60 appliances e g heaw tiled or plastered 15250 A1 2007 extinct either as pre fabricated unit or as stoves errected on site from manufacturer released set of pre manufactured modules and storage parts no on site realization by craftsman no materials water jacket Inset appliances Closed fireplace EN 13229 Oct Stand alone or built in furnace with functional n a none Art 15 aB VG 78 1 100 150 80 60 closed operation 2005 changes Tiled stove inserts Warm ai
78. tion of a chimney stove Recommended fuel types species and origin type of residues if applicable all kind of untreated wood e wood should be stored for at least one day at room temperature e only wooden fuels if stove has no grate Suitability for briquettes and which types e if suitable then according to DIN 51731 HP 2 length between 15 30 cm and 6 10 cm in diameter height e pure bark briquettes not excluded if allowed e wood briquettes sometimes increase their volume during combustion e paper and pure bark briquettes not allowed Recommendations of wood log size and shape with respect to furnace size power e circumference of 20 cm recommended e ideal length is 5 cm shorter than length or width of fire box Fuel moisture limitations min max please indicate if moisture is given as wet or dry basis e usually 20 moisture content on wet basis as maximum e no minimum defined e should not be technically dryed can be checked by chimney sweeper General experience and recommendations bo Technologie und C h i m ney stoves F rderzentrum Operation of a chimney stove Recommended air and chimney flap adjustments e primary air should not be fully closed during combustion e after ignition air reduction e no air reduction during devolatilasation e air addition so that flames are visible Recommended fuel loading in mass volume log number per charging with respect to furnace size or give examples e 1 kg
79. toves aT Bi rocess Pres Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low priced chimney stove from the hardware store Ill Discontinuous measurements and sampling Fuel sampling Bottom ash sampling Weighing of the fuel and weighing of the bottom ash Determination of the total fly ash TSP concentration in the undiluted flue gas according to VDI 2066 Determination of the PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with 9 stage Berner type low pressure impactors BLPI Determination of the PSD and the concentration of aerosols in the diluted flue gas with 5 stage Dekati gravimetric impactor DGI 63 Research findings bioenergy2020 Chimney stoves TU EL process amp p Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low priced chimney stove from the hardware store IV low price stove modern stove 64 Research findings Chimney stoves bioenergy2020 ge om Lo process amp particle engineering Project B Test runs with a modern Austrian and a low priced chimney stove from the hardware store V measurement set up BLPI Pl BCS CCT BP CH FGT TSP FGA dp DK PRD PA MFC DGI BLPI ELPI ED lt Cro biomass combustion system combustion chamber temperature boiler power chimney flue gas temperature total suspended particulate
80. tradict to the operator s aim of reducing charging efforts Filling level indications in the combustion chamber were never reported for any of the investigated stoves Contradictory information is given for the primary air supply of chimney stoves during combustion Some sources demand it to be fully closed during combustion others want it never to be fully closed A differentiation is sometimes made between two separate pri mary air streams one from below the grate with adjustable grate opening and the other directed laterally into the fire bed In this case the air supply through the grate should always be closed after ignition Exceptions are only suggested for wet fuels but these fuels should be excluded anyway For chimney stoves the recharging of the furnace is usually performed when the primary air dampers are still closed or semi closed Directly after recharging the primary air damper is again fully opened and later on it is closed again while the secondary air damper remains open This re closing of primary air is in some sources to be done 2 minutes after recharging other sources demand up to 10 minutes time It is also stated that significantly reduced air supply during high combustion leads to py rolysis causing large quantities of pollutant emissions and low efficiency An adjustment of the secondary air damper is sometimes recommended to control the heat output ERA NET Project FutureBioTec Summary of country report
81. tures or component parts to increase performance KW ZUGBEGRENZER Bleed air flap to avoid excessive draught in critical stages of batch combustion Heizkessel Temperature display for stoves to teach the user to avoid fuel charging which leads to too high temperatures Technologie und F rderzentrum Heizkessel u PINBERHEUFENR AWTLULDEUNENLEN 23 Research findings Chimney stoves bm Effects of too high moisture content Tachnaiogls tha F rderzentrum Test conditions 800 Stove Wodtke Moon 7 kW updraft mg Nm m Undiluted flue gas u Fuel beech logs 25 cm 13 0 E Diluted flue gas Moisture variabel Total dust emission AN O Q Chimney stove Wodtke Moon 7 kW updraft 12 20 30 Moisture content in fuel Source Ellner Schuberth et al 2010 24 Research findings Chimney stoves Effects of too low moisture content Particle emissions ues R 0 909 Total particle emisssion 0 5 10 15 Moisture content of wood logs Test conditions Log wood stove Oregon 7 kW updraft Fuel beech logs 33 cm Moisture variabel Source Kiener S et al 2010 y 3 2175x2 110 91x 1099 2 10000 mg Nm 13 O O O oO oO 4000 CO Emission 2000 0 Technologie und F rderzentrum CO emissions y 4 20x2 419 98x 7 996 66 a R2 0 63 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 18 Moisture content of wood logs 25 Research findi
82. whereby both the stove fitter approx 600 stove fitter companies and the supporting industry are represented Member of VEUKO and intensive contact to the Masonry Heater Association MHA 1 European platform for information and consulting of the European Associations of the tiled stove builder s stove fitter s trade General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Chimney stoves atu P k General information Pre pahice State of the art Release of useful heat by radiation and or convection to surroundings Firebox walls typically lined with chamotte or fire resistant material Sometimes removable iron grates are inserted and an ash box is placed below the grate Combustion air is normally supplied as primary and secondary air and is usually controlled by manually driven dampers They are not only a heating device in many cases they are also a design element in modern living rooms Capacity range between 5 and 12 kW Fuels used Log wood 25 cm or 33 cm Wood briquettes sometimes coal briquettes Automatically pellets fed systems available since a few years 4 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Tiled stoves atu P k General information l reel State of the art Constructed of pre fabricated heavy stone plates or purely of stones During combustion the heat generated is stored in the stove and after the fire is extinguished the heat is released to the surround
83. y provides only mild combustion causing large quantities of emissions and low efficiency and at worst it may cause rapid ignition of gas with damage to the stove as a result On Contura s homepage an instruction video in Swedish is available complementing the lightning instructions http www contura se accessoarer ved_och_eld asp your OD DRS GES m Operation of a chimney stove Recommended fuel types size and moisture content All kinds of wood such as wood of birch beech oak elm ash conifers and fruit trees can be used in the stove The wood should have a moisture content lower than 20 Not suitable as fuel warning from manufacturer Pressure impregnated painted or glued wood wood chipboards plastics coloured brochures Wood Split wood logs see types above Length 25 33 cm Diameter 7 9 cm Normal mass 1 7 kg h Minimum mass 1 5kg h Maximum mass 2 5kg h maximum three pieces per load The fire should not be too large Large fires are wasteful and also provides high flue gas temperatures that may damage the stove and chimney The recommended loads are for birch or other hardwood with about 18 moisture content If firing with the same fuel amount as above using softwood could achieve significantly higher furnace temperatures Firing at maximum load for longer periods shortens life soan Exceeding the maximum allowable amount causes damage to stove parts and the warranty does not apply Nota ben
84. y the temperature controlled air flow control 39 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Innovative components mul TU Grazm L E Rikatronic Il ARRI After the complete combustion phase the control cuts off the airflow automatically and the phase of ember retention begins In addition the cast door absorbs heat and releases it in the form of delayed radiation into the surrounding space PHASE 1 PHASE 2 PHASE 3 PHASE 4 PHASE 5 Drying of the logs Pyrolysis Incomplete Complete combustion Ember retention The moisture is forced out of Hydrocarbons are forced out combustion Oxygen in the secondary air reacts Burning of wood embers the logs temperatures about 25 upper air to the primary Incomplete reaction in with hydrocarbon so that the oxygen without the formation of 100 C zone 75 upper air to the the primary zone supplied via the air can react fully flames Heat development secondary zone with the released wood gases by radiation 50 upper air 50 upper air C 1 2 0 CO C H CO 2 0 CO unburned hydrocarbons Force out 25 75 50 50 moisture upper upper air air 1000 C 1000 1000 C 650 C 250 C 100 100 C 100 C lower air Source RIKA 2010 40 General experience and recommendations Dioenergy2020 Innovative components ale mi Grazu LE Rikatronic Ill ARRI 1 CONVECTION HEAT 2 SECONDARY AIR FLOW UPPER AIR 3 FIRE CLAY promotes high combustio
85. z 13 Os 13 Os Open fireplace EN 13229 s Roomheaters with flat furnace Closed Closed fireplaces EN 13240 20 0 075 075 1 125 0 04 0 04 en stoves ECE ae D 0 075 E E 25 0 04 with or without window Roomheaters with filling Chimney stoves EN 13240 0 075 furnace with or without window Slow heat release appliances Mansionry heaters 20 0075 075 1 25 0 04 Inset appliances closed Closed fireplace BES ToS oo 57 0 075 1 25 0 04 Tiled stove inserts with flat Warm air tiled stove inserts EN wu 075 furnace se Tiled stove inserts with filling Warm air tiled stove inserts EN 0 075 Residential cookers Kitchen stove or Fe 12815 BE 075 ET casing a vangon Central heating amp residential Central heating amp cooking EN 12815 0 075 nel si ll ed ce Tap water heaters Bathroom stoves Residential space heating oe without water 14785 4 nr 0 05 3 a 0 03 appliances fired by wood pellets jacket without water jacket Residential space heating Pelletstoves with water jacket EN 14785 0 40 0 03 0 25 0 02 appliances fired by wood pellets with water jacket Source Novelle 1 Bundesimmisionsschutzverordnung vom 26 01 2010 Emission factors for wood furnaces below 50 kW E estimations 2008 Techasiyie tnd Forderzentrum Room heaters Central heating boilers 300 a m old 1984 EI new 2007 200 150 100 Total particle emission mg MJ Ql O C

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