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Using WaveBurner Logic Pro 7.1 (Manual)

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1. If you release the Fade length handle at this position the automatic fade function will be restored If you move the region to a position where it doesn t overlap another region and then move the corresponding Fade length handle to the zero position the automatic fade function will be reactivated Note Press and hold Option to prevent the Fade length handle from locking into place at the chain position You can adjust fade ins and fade outs by dragging the fade handles on the region s envelope By default the fade curve is linear which means that the level increases evenly linearly for the duration of the fade You can adjust the fade curve to increase the level more quickly or slowly as the fade progresses Note You can also edit your fades numerically in the Region Info window s Fade tab For further information see the Region Info window section on page 9 Bouncing Regions When you bounce a region in WaveBurner the region s audio inclusive of any edits you ve made such as changes fades and trims and the effects of all region plug ins are rendered into a new audio file Note Region plug ins are included when you bounce a region but Mix plug ins are not Bouncing a region saves processing power The computer simply reads the bounced audio file and does not need to process the edits or plug ins in real time 23 24 To bounce a region Select the region in the Region list or Wave View Choose Reg
2. Using WaveBurner WaveBurner enables you to master and burn professional quality audio CDs that are compliant with the Red Book standard You can also create premasters for CD production Table of Contents What Is WaveBurner on page 2 Creating a CD With WaveBurner on page 2 Quick Start on page 3 The WaveBurner Interface on page 4 Getting Started With WaveBurner on page 14 Working With Regions on page 18 Working With Tracks on page 24 Working With Markers on page 27 Working With Effects on page 31 Burning a Project to a CD on page 44 Setting WaveBurner Preferences on page 47 WaveBurner Keyboard Shortcuts on page 51 What Is WaveBurner WaveBurner is an application that lets you assemble master and burn audio CDs using a SuperDrive or CD burner supported by Mac OS X Audio CDs created with WaveBurner can be played back on any audio CD player and can be used as premasters to produce CDs in quantity WaveBurner supports all Red Book options for CD audio data storage You can add up to the maximum 99 tracks and 99 subindexes per track allowable by the Red Book standard include ISRC codes for each track set copy prevention and pre emphasis flags for each track and add UPC EAN codes for the CD WaveBurner also supports the CD TEXT standard allowing you to add text information readable on any CD TEXT compatible CD player You create a CD by adding audio file
3. default set from the bottom of the Customize Toolbar pane if you don t like your customizations The shortcut menu and Customize Toolbar pane s Show menu also allow you to view Toolbar items as Icon amp Text Icon Only or Text Only Note You can freely adjust the relative sizes of each section of the WaveBurner interface by click dragging on the parallel lines found on the borders of the various panels Vertical borders may be dragged horizontally and horizontal borders may be dragged vertically Getting Started With WaveBurner You assemble CDs in a WaveBurner project A project contains audio regions and CD tracks that are created when you add audio files All region and track edits effect plug ins and track and index markers are contained in the project A project can also include CD TEXT disc and mastering information Projects do not include the original audio files only references to file location s on your computer s hard disk s This keeps the size of the project file relatively small The original audio files are not changed when performing edits in WaveBurner Note If you bounce an audio file in your WaveBurner project it will be added to your project which may significantly increase the project file size Elements of a Project The main elements of a WaveBurner project include audio files regions and tracks Audio files Audio files are the source material for the regions in your projects Regions W
4. Track List The Track list displays the track order as it will appear on the CD and shows information about each track Title 00 08 35 Track Start 03 29 50 00 13 46 Pause Start 00 13 46 00 00 00 Track Start 00 14 03 00 14 03 Clap 00 53 35 01 07 39 Crescendo 00 27 40 01 35 05 Clap II 01 54 45 03 44 65 Fade 00 43 41 04 38 29 Uptempo Intro 00 06 19 04 44 49 vox louie passion for life 03 17 20 08 01 69 vox louie looking for love 02 50 11 The Track list includes the following information for each track and its marker points Number e Start time e Title e Length Copy Protection state SC e Pre emphasis state PE e ISRC code e Pause start time Comments The arrow menu in the upper right corner of the Region list allows you to change the time format You can also determine if the time display of markers will be shown in absolute elapsed time since CD start or relative values elapsed time since track start You may freely swap column positions by click dragging on the column name field and moving it left or right Column widths may be resized by click dragging on the vertical lines that separate the column name fields Click dragging on the vertical line between the Region and Track list enables you to set the width of the Region list thereby hiding showing columns Region and Mix Plug in Lists You add and organize plug ins in the two Plug In lists The Region Plug In list shows the plug ins for t
5. while Mono displays the levels of the stereo signal summed to mono The View options determine the level represented by the top line of the scale in the display Top range 40 to 20 dB and the overall dynamic range of the Spectrum Analyzer Range range 20 to 80 dB These two parameters can also be set directly in the display By dragging directly on the bar graph you can shift the top line of the display Dragging directly on the dB scale allows you to compress or expand the scale s range The View options are useful when analyzing highly compressed material as you can identify smaller level differences more easily by moving and or reducing the display range There are three display respond modes RMS Slow RMS Fast and Peak RMS Slow and RMS Fast modes show the effective signal average Root Mean Square and offer a good representation of the perceived volume levels Peak mode shows level peaks accurately Goniometer The Goniometer helps you to determine the coherence of the stereo image Using the Goniometer you can see phase problems as trace cancellations along the center line M mid mono Goniometers developed when early two channel oscilloscopes first appeared Users would connect the left and right stereo channels to the X and Y inputs while rotating the display by 45 degrees resulting in a useful visualization of the signal s stereo phase The signal trace slowly fades to black imitating the glow of the tubes found in o
6. CD Click the Burn button The Burn dialog appears at the top of the window The name of the CD burner is shown in the Burn dialog If there is no blank disc in the CD burner s tray the Burn dialog prompts you to insert a blank disc Insert a blank CD R disc if you have not already done so Click the Burn button in the Burn dialog WaveBurner will immediately begin burning your project to the blank CD The Burn dialog shows the progress of the burn process When the burn process is complete the CD is ejected from the CD burner and is ready to play The WaveBurner Interface You create your projects in the main WaveBurner window You can add and organize the regions in your project graphically edit regions pauses and crossfades play the project to preview your changes and add effects plug ins in the WaveBurner window Customizable Toolbar Overview Wave View area Region list Time Track and Index field Track list Region and Mix Plug In lists The WaveBurner interface features the following main areas Customizable Toolbar with Counter if visible You can customize the Toolbar by adding a Counter and buttons for the commands you use most often See Customizing the WaveBurner Window p 13 for further information Overview Displays a timeline of the entire project including all regions Wave View area Displays the regions in time order You can graphically edit regions track markers pauses and
7. Important Please note that the audio material s absolute position is shifted when you trim the start point of a region Changing the end point of a region doesn t affect its absolute position Only the absolute position of the end point is changed Splicing Regions You can splice a region into two regions This is useful if you want to remove a portion of a region or move part of the region to another location within the project To splice a region Click the Splice scissors button Click on the desired region splice position in the Wave View area The region is split in two and the portion of the region that follows the splice point appears in the opposite half upper or lower of the Wave View area Adjusting Levels A horizontal line known as the region s level envelope is overlaid on top of each region in the Wave View area The line shows the volume level for the region You can adjust the region s volume level by moving it up or down To adjust the level of a region Move the pointer over the horizontal level envelope that you want to adjust The pointer changes to a vertical line with arrows pointing up and down 04 i it Drag the envelope up or down to a new value Note Pressing Option while dragging allows you to manipulate the level independently for each stereo side Checking a Region for Clipping You can check individual regions for clipping To check a region for clipping Select the
8. and split regions adjust their volume level normalize them and add fade ins fade outs and crossfades Selecting Regions You must first select a region before editing it To select a region Click the region name in the Region list or the waveform in the Wave View area Note You can select more than one region by either Control only Region list or Shift clicking consecutive regions on the desired regions You can also use rubber band selection for consecutive regions Selected regions appear darker in the Wave View area Copying Regions You can copy a region in the Region list To copy a region Option drag the region s icon up or down in the first column of the Region list As you Option drag a dark horizontal line will indicate where the copy of the region will be placed Reordering Regions Regions are displayed in their order of appearance in the project from top to bottom in the Region list and left to right in the Wave View area You can reorder regions in the Region list To reorder a region Drag the region s icon located in the left column of the Region list up or down Moving Regions You can move a region to a new time position along with its markers by dragging the region in the Wave View area To move a region chronologically Drag the region left or right to the new time position in the Wave View area As you drag all subsequent regions are also moved If you want to move the selected regi
9. into which the signal is divided The Upper Intensity parameter controls the intensity of the base extension of the upper frequency bands The Lower Intensity parameter controls the strength of the base extension of the lower frequency bands Human beings perceive stereo placement of sounds mainly in the middle and high frequencies If very low frequencies are distributed between the left and right speakers the energy distribution for both speakers will be significantly reduced Therefore it is always best to select a lower intensity setting for the lower frequency bands and avoid setting the Lower Freq below 300 Hz Level Meter The Level Meter displays the volume level for both the left and right channels of a stereo signal The two blue bars of the Level Meter show the current level on a logarithmic scale If the level is higher than 0 dB the portion of the bar above the 0 dB point turns red The current peak values are displayed as numerical dB values above the level meter You reset the values by clicking in the graphic display While the separate Level Meter plug in can display levels using either Peak or RMS response the Level Meter section of the MultiMeter shows Peak and RMS values simultaneously The RMS level is represented by a dark blue bar while the peak level is light blue in color Correlation Meter The Correlation meter displays the phase relationship of a stereo signal A correlation of 1 plus one the far right po
10. just as you do with the included plug ins Using the WaveBurner AU Manager WaveBurner uses Apple s AU Validation Tool to ensure that only Audio Units plug ins which pass the test are used in WaveBurner The scan process happens automatically when you launch WaveBurner You can see the scan results for all Audio Units plug ins via the WaveBurner Application menu Preferences gt Start WaveBurner AU Manager 41 42 The WaveBurner AU Manager allows you to disable Audio Units plug ins that you don t want to use in WaveBurner even if they pass the test Simply uncheck the corresponding checkbox in the Use column to disable any plug in You can store your choice of Audio Units plug ins by clicking OK The results of the test are shown in the Compatibility column Audio Units plug ins that failed the validation test can be enabled but be aware that these plug ins can cause problems Use of plug ins that have failed the validation can negatively affect the test results of subsequently scanned plug ins can cause WaveBurner crashes or even lead to data loss destroyed project files We strongly recommend that you check the manufacturer s website for updated versions of Audio Units plug ins that fail the validation Note If you press Shift Control while launching WaveBurner the AU Safe Mode will be used Only plug ins that pass the validation test will be used manually activated plug ins that failed the validation test will not be a
11. mix Effects let you modify and shape the sound of regions or projects in a variety of ways You add effects to your project with effects plug ins WaveBurner includes a complete set of professional quality plug ins that can be used to master a CD You can also add Audio Units format effects plug ins including those developed by third party vendors You can freely adjust the parameters of effects plug ins to attain the precise sound you re after Types of Effects There are several effect types commonly used in mastering a CD including Dynamics These effects shape the volume level of your projects over time Equalization or EQ These effects change the level of selected frequencies EQ provides a powerful way of shaping the sound of your projects Noise reduction These effects help to eliminate pops crackles hum and other unwanted noise Stereo enhancement These effects change how listeners perceive the placement of sounds in the stereo field Audio analysis These are not effects per se but tools that help you to analyze the audio signal and optimize the mix for specific listening environments Effects Plug ins Included With WaveBurner WaveBurner includes a full suite of mastering effects for use in your projects The effects bundled with WaveBurner include e Dynamics Compressor Multipressor and Limiter e Equalization Fat EQ and Linear Phase EQ e Noise reduction Denoiser e Stereo enhancement Stereo Spread e Audio an
12. region in either the Wave View area or the Region list Choose Region gt Check Region for Clipping After completing the process a detailed log displays the results of the clipping analysis Normalizing Regions Typically you want the volume level of your audio regions to be as high as possible without causing clipping Changing the level of a region to the maximum possible value without causing clipping is called normalizing When a region is normalized it is boosted so that the signal peak reaches but doesn t exceed the set digital level maximum 0 dB All other portions of the region are boosted by the same amount so that the original dynamic range of the recording is maintained This ensures that the region will play at maximum level without clipping To normalize a region Select the region in the Region list or Wave View area Choose Region gt Normalize Region Note You can set a target level lower than the permissible peak level 0 dB in the Normalize window if desired 21 22 If several regions are selected you can choose to either maintain the relative volumes of the regions deactivate the Normalize Each Region Individually option or you can normalize each individually click on the Each track Individually option Although the latter option results in higher volume levels it also may cause a change in the relative volumes between regions Adding and Adjusting Fades Fade ins and fade outs are commonly
13. the Frequency smoothing parameter is set the more it will smooth neighboring frequency bands to avoid artifacts during the noise reduction process Adjustment of the Time smoothing slider sets the amount of time the Denoiser takes to reach maximum noise reduction By adjusting the Level Transition smoothing slider you can set a transition factor between volume jumps The higher the Transition smoothing parameter is set the more it will smooth sudden level changes thus avoiding artifacts during the noise reduction process 37 38 Stereo Spread A J stereo spread The Stereo Spread plug in provides another commonly used mastering effect It enhances the perception of stereo width by extending the stereo base Some stereo enhancing algorithms function by changing the phase of the signal which can cancel some frequencies or distort your mix producing unpredictable results Instead of this approach the Stereo Spread plug in extends the stereo base by alternately distributing a selectable number of frequency bands to the left and right This increases the perception of stereo without causing unnatural sounding cancellations or distortions in the mix The frequency range over which this effect occurs is set using the Upper Freq and Lower Freq sliders The main parameters of the Stereo Spread plug in are Order Upper Intensity Upper Int and Lower Intensity Lower Int The Order parameter determines the number of frequency bands
14. the Multipressor uses Classic multi band compressors typically use three bands 33 34 The Lookahead parameter determines how far ahead in time the Multipressor looks or analyzes the input signal allowing it to react more accurately to volume peaks Unlike hardware compressors using Lookahead does not cause a delay because the Multipressor can read the audio file on disk ahead of time and does not need to analyze the input signal in real time Limiter limiter The Limiter prevents the audio signal from exceeding a maximum volume level While a compressor gradually lowers levels above a threshold the Limiter uses a fixed limit at 0 dB The Limiter can help increase the perceived loudness without clipping This is achieved by raising the input level against the fixed 0 dB limit with the Gain parameter The Limiter also features Lookahead and Release parameters which work similarly to those found on the Compressor and Multipressor In addition it has an Output Level slider and a Softknee button The Output Level parameter controls the output volume independent of the Gain setting Activating the Softknee function as the name suggests slightly softens the degree of limiting for signals approaching the 0 dB mark The Fat EQ plug in lets you apply equalization using up to five fully parametric bands and provides great flexibility in shaping the sound of your projects In the Fat EQ plug in window the bands are arranged
15. time ruler Note The information shown in the Counter is also displayed in the Time Track and Index fields below the Wave View allowing you to remove the Counter if desired Overview The Overview displays the entire duration of the project A red rectangle in the Overview indicates the part of the project currently visible in the Wave View area You can navigate to a different part of the project while simultaneously zooming in or out on the Wave View by dragging horizontally move and vertically zoom in the rectangle Wave View Area The Wave View area is the main workspace for your projects You view and graphically edit regions and markers in the Wave View area Regions are arranged alternately between the top and bottom rows in the Wave View area The two rows are functionally identical the reason for two of them is to simplify the editing of overlapping regions Playback Time rulers Vertical Waveform Zoom control Edit Mode buttons Each region is displayed as a green rectangle containing a waveform Each region also features a volume level line which you can adjust Track start markers are displayed as purple flags Index markers as brown flags Position Line Marker bars Marker buttons Transport Controls Time Track and Index fields e The Wave View area includes the following features Marker bars You add and arrange markers in the marker bars located at the top and bottom of the
16. used at the beginning and end of songs in music production Commercially recorded albums make frequent use of these types of edits to create a sense of continuity when moving from one track to the next To add a fade in Move the pointer over the fade in handle located on the volume envelope at the left edge of the region The pointer changes to a left right arrow Drag the envelope point to the right to set the length of the fade in As you drag the envelope changes to show the length of the fade To add a fade out Move the pointer over the fade out handle located on the volume envelope at the right edge of the region The pointer changes to a left right arrow Drag the envelope point to the left to set the length of the fade out As you drag the envelope changes to show the length of the fade When you drag a region in the Wave View area so that it overlaps an adjacent region the overlapping portions of the regions are automatically crossfaded That is a fade out is added to the earlier region and a fade in is added to the later region Note This automatic fade functionality only applies if you haven t already created a fade manually To reactivate the automatic setting of a manually edited fade Move the Fade length handle to the position that coincides with the beginning or end of the other overlapping region The cursor displays a chain icon 04 00 00 04 30 00 05 00 00 Fade length nid 00 14 18
17. vinyl records then were attenuated de emphasis after D A conversion This process tended to mask the inaccuracies of the conversion process With today s advanced digital recording technology it is recommended that you leave pre emphasis turned off because modern converters are capable of delivering linear conversion that produces substantially fewer errors than de emphasis filters Note WaveBurner only supports pre emphasis so that old digital recordings that were processed with a pre emphasis algorithm can be marked as such WaveBurner s Pre emphasis is only a flag intended for the CD player and will not change the way that the audio is processed when you burn a CD To turn on pre emphasis Click the Pre Emphasis checkbox in the General pane of the CD Track Info window Bouncing Tracks You can bounce a track As with bouncing a region bouncing a track has two benefits it lets you save a processed version of the track including plug ins and so on and it can help conserve processing power To bounce a track In the Track list select the track Choose Disc gt Bounce Track Choose a save location and name for the track in the Save dialog then click OK Working With Markers Markers are integral to the Red Book CD format standard You can use markers to indicate a specific point in time on the CD Types of Markers WaveBurner uses the following types of markers e Track start markers Indicate the start of a track
18. 989 The IFPI recommends that members include the ISRC in the subcode as a fingerprint for all digital recordings In 1992 all member companies received their first owner codes The ISRC is permanently stored in the subcode of a recording When the recording is altered or edited a new ISRC has to be used An ISRC can only be allocated once The first owner can integrate ISRCs into an existing coding system as long as doing so requires no more than five digits designation code A complete ISRC contains 12 characters such as that shown below DE K22 05 256 12 e Country code compliant with ISO 3166 in this case Germany e First owner code record company in this case Polydor e Year of recording code 2 digits e Designation code 5 digits The ISRC is used by radio stations to archive recordings Royalty collection societies such as GEMA or MCPS PRS also use the code to automatically generate transmission logs thus simplifying licensing accounting For commercial recordings the ISRC should only consist of the code provided by the record label If the record label company has not been issued a first owner code you should contact the IFPI To add an ISRC code Click the track s ISRC field then type the ISRC code in the field 25 26 The CD Track Info Window The CD Track Info window is the best place to view and edit track information including copy protection and pre emphasis flags To show the CD Track Info
19. Burn Disc Command B Edit Undo Command Z Redo Command Shift Z Cut Command X Copy Command C Paste Command V Select All Command A Disc Preview Disc Command D Preview Track Command K CD Track Info Command T Index Point Info Command Eject Disc Command E Region Function Region Info Keyboard shortcut Command R 51 View Function Keyboard shortcut Zoom In Command Down Arrow Zoom Out Command Up Arrow Previous Track Start Command Left Arrow Next Track Start Command Right Arrow Maximum Zoom Out Option Command Up Arrow Transport Function Keyboard shortcut Start Stop Playback Space bar Return to the Disc Start Return Enter Waveview Function Keyboard shortcut Toggle between Scissor and Pointer tool Command when mouse pointer is over region Toggle between Track and Index Marker pointer Command when mouse pointer is over marker bar Insert track start marker at position line T Insert index marker at position line Move track start without moving pause start mark Command drag track start mark to the right when track marker is closed Trim region end without the subsequent regions Option drag region end following Trim Region Start without the subsequent regions Option drag region start following Window Function Keyboard shortcut Minimize Command M Open Level Meter Command L Help Function Keyboard shortcut WaveBurner Help Command question mark 2004 2005 A
20. CD TEXT pane of the Track Info window displays the following information Track number Title Performer Songwriter Composer Arranger Message Note CD TEXT can only be written to your disk if your CD burner supports CD TEXT and the Write CD TEXT Data option is checked in WaveBurner gt Preferences gt Burn Only CD TEXT compatible CD players will display CD Text The Comments pane of the Track Info window enables you to add notes and information about a track for mastering purposes These comments will not appear on the CD The Previous and Next buttons allow you to step between the preceding and ensuing Tracks in the Track list This can accelerate the editing of a particular parameter in several Tracks The Cancel and OK buttons cancel or execute any changes made in the Track Info window Index Point Info Window The Index Point Info window displays information about the currently selected index point You can edit the information in the Index Point Info window Index Point Info General Comments Track 1 Position Relative To Track 01 43 40 index 4 Position Relative To Disc 01 35 05 Cana GO To show the Index Point Info window Double click on the desired index marker The General pane of the Index Point Info window displays the following information Index Point Name Track Number Index Point Number e Position of the Index point Relative To Track e Position of the Inde
21. Q For each frequency band you drag the number up or down to raise or lower the band s frequency and resonance Q Instead of a slider to adjust the amount of boost or cut you drag the number expressed in dB except for the bottom and top bands where the low cut and high cut filters are expressed in dB Octave You can also drag the curves in the graphic display to edit them directly You can also turn on the Analyzer to view the frequency content of the signal as it plays You can set the resolution of the Analyzer by clicking the bottom rectangle button below the Post Fader button then choosing the resolution you want from the shortcut menu High resolutions are recommended to achieve reliable results with very low bass frequencies The bands derived from FFT analysis are divided in accordance with the frequency linear principle meaning that there are many more bands for higher octaves than for lower ones You can reset all parameters by Option clicking in the display area or reset individual parameters by Option clicking in the parameter area After boosting or cutting frequency bands you can use the Master Gain fader to adjust the Output level Use the scales to the left and right of the EQ display to change the vertical scale of the EQ and analyzer curves Denoiser MM 5 A denoiser You can eliminate or reduce many kinds of low level noise noise floor from an audio signal with the Denoiser The main parameters o
22. Wave View area Time rulers These show time units enabling you to precisely place regions and transitions at specific locations Playback Position Line This shows the current point in time audible if the project is playing or the playback start position if stopped Transport controls You control the playback stop and forward rewind functions and the location of the Position Line with the Transport controls Edit Mode buttons Click one of the buttons to choose either of the edit pointer modes to perform different region editing tasks in the Wave View Press Command to change between the two edit pointer modes Marker buttons Click one of the buttons to select either marker type before adding them to the marker bar Press Command to alternate between the two edit pointer modes Time Track and Index fields These fields show the current location of the Position Line the current track and the current index point if the project contains index markers This information is identical to that shown in the Counter allowing you to remove the Counter if desired Vertical Waveform Zoom control Click to set the zoom level of the vertical waveform display Horizontal Zoom control Click the control or drag the slider to zoom in or out Scroll bar Drag to change the visible area of the project Click dragging the Zoom Scroll buttons at either end of the scroll bar zooms the display in out to fit the window Region List You add and o
23. ain their absolute position on the CD If you insert a marker at a location where two regions overlap you can determine which region you want to attach the marker to by placing it in the appropriate marker bar above below in the Wave View area To toggle between marker pointers While pointing at the marker bar press Command to alternate between the track and index marker pointers To delete a marker Click the track or index marker to select it then press the Delete key To select more than one marker you can either e Hold Shift while clicking the markers in the Track list e Click hold on the background of the marker row and rubber band select a group of markers Moving Markers You can move track start and index markers in the Wave View area The track start marker and pause start point can be moved together or separately Moving Track Start Marker and Pause Start Point Together You can simultaneously move the track start marker and pause start point to change the track start time while preserving the pause length To move both track start marker and pause start point Place the pointer between the pause start point and the track start mark The pointer changes to a left right arrow 00 gt 2 Drag the markers to the desired position 29 30 Moving Track Start Marker and Pause Start Point Separately You can move the track start marker and pause start point separately thereby changing the pause length in the p
24. alysis Correlation Meter Multimeter and Level Meter The following section briefly describes each of the bundled plug ins Please see Logic s Plug In Reference manual for additional information 31 32 Compressor Jo compressor The Compressor tightens up the dynamics of a signal by lowering the volume when it rises above a certain level called the Threshold This decreases the difference between the softest and loudest parts of the music increasing the perceived volume This can give the sound more focus by making the key parts stand out while preventing the accompanying parts from becoming lost or inaudible In addition to the Threshold parameter the most important parameter for the Compressor is the Ratio The Ratio parameter determines the amount that a signal above the threshold is lowered The Ratio is expressed as a percentage of the original signal As an example if you set the Threshold to 12 dB and set the Ratio to 2 1 a signal at 7 dB 5 dB above the Threshold is reduced by 2 5 dB and a signal at 2 dB 10 dB above the Threshold is reduced by 5 dB The other parameters are Attack and Release The Attack parameter controls how quickly the Compressor reacts when the signal passes the threshold Longer Attack time values ensure that the original attack transients the sound of a pick or finger striking a guitar string for example remain intact and audible The Release parameter determines the amount of time
25. anges as blue bars that run from left to right the farther right the higher the level for that channel Momentary peaks are shown as thin yellow bars in each channel The bars in the Level Meter turn red past the 0 dB mark acting as clipping indicators You can check your project for clipping To check a project for clipping Choose Disc gt Check Disc for Clipping Burning a Project to a CD When your project is complete you can burn the project to a CD The resulting audio CD conforms to Red Book standard and can be played on any audio CD player Getting Ready to Burn a CD Before you burn your project to a CD there are several things you should do to prepare e Check that the CD burner is connected turned on and working e Check that WaveBurner recognizes the CD burner e Set Disc Options for the project e Preview the transitions between tracks Supported CD Burners WaveBurner supports all CD burners supported by Mac OS X including SuperDrives and external third party CD burners Setting Disc Options You can set many disc options for a project including the following Adding a UPC EAN code Setting offsets for start points end points and indexes Setting the default pause length Adding a period of silence at the end of the CD Adding CD TEXT information including title performer songwriter composer and arranger information and a text message Adding a UPC EAN Code Commercially produced CDs typically inclu
26. conds of the following track Burn Preferences F write CD TEXT Data Mi write index Points F write UPC EAN Code Please note that not all CD recorders support the listed options Write CD TEXT Data Turn on to include CD TEXT on the CD Write Index Points Turn on to include index point information on the CD Write UPC EAN Code Turn on to include UPC EAN code on the CD Write ISRC Codes Turn on to include ISRC codes on the CD Write Pre Emphasis Turn on to include pre emphasis flags on the CD Write SCMS Turn on to include SCMS on the CD Bounce Preferences Dithering POW r 1 Dithering Replace Region With Bounce F Clipping Detection Stops Bounce Dithering This pop up menu allows you to choose the type of dithering you wish to use when the project is bounced or burned The choices are POW r 1 Dithering POW r 2 Noise Shaping POW r 3 Noise Shaping and No Dithering For information about when to use dithering and the differences between the dithering types see the Logic Pro 7 Reference Manual Replace Region with Bounce When turned on the new audio file created by choosing Region gt Bounce Region replaces the original region this does not work if the original file is in stereo and the bounced audio file is in mono as information would be lost when a stereo file is replaced by a mono file Clipping Detection Stops Bounce When turned on the bounce pr
27. crossfades in the Wave View area Time Track and Index field Displays the current track index number and position of the Position Line Region list Lists the regions in chronological order You add and organize regions in the Region list Track list Lists tracks in the order that they will appear on the CD and displays information for each track Region and Mix Plug in lists You add effects plug ins and adjust plug in parameters in the Region and Mix Plug In lists Note You can freely adjust the relative sizes of each section of the WaveBurner interface by click dragging on the parallel lines found on the borders of the various panels Vertical borders may be dragged horizontally and horizontal borders may be dragged vertically The Toolbar WaveBurner s Toolbar is customizable see Customizing the WaveBurner Window p 13 It contains a number of default tools that may include the Import Check Disc for Clipping Normalize Region Burn Bounce Project Mastering Notes CD Text and Region Info buttons amongst others It may also contain the Counter Counter The Track field of the Counter displays the number of the track with the smaller index marker shown to the right The current location of the Position Line is shown in minutes and seconds in the Time field The counter updates in real time as you play the project The Counter is designed to emulate the display of a CD player A more accurate display is available in the
28. cy range of an input signal You can independently set the Threshold Ratio Attack and Release parameters for each frequency band Turning the Peak RMS control clockwise changes the detection method continuously between Peak and RMS detection The output Level and frequency Range for each band can be adjusted graphically In the display on the left hand side click inside the colored bar that represents the frequency band you wish to change and drag it vertically to lower its output level Drag the bar s borders horizontally to adjust the frequency range of the band The Multipressor allows you to raise the overall volume level drastically This may increase the amount of low level noise known as the noise floor To counteract this effect each frequency band features Expansion downward expansion Compression decreases the dynamic range above the Compressor threshold while Expansion increases the dynamic range below the Expansion threshold and in the process further lowering the low level signals the noise floor The amount of Expansion is set with the Reduction parameter The effect is similar to that of a noise gate but it smoothly decreases the signal level rather than cutting it off abruptly The Multipressor has several other important parameters including Bands and Lookahead The Bands parameter lets you choose whether two three or four independent frequency bands are available the higher the number the more processing power
29. de a Universal Product Code UPC and a European Article Number EAN These contain information about the record company producing the CD and may contain additional information To add a UPC EAN code 1 Choose Disc gt Disc Options then click the General tab if necessary 2 Type the code in the UPC EAN Code field 3 When you are finished click OK Setting Offsets You can change the position of start point end point and index markers globally by setting an offset The value unit for offsets is one CDDA frame 1 75th of a second When you set an offset the markers are moved immediately before the project is burned to a CD then moved back to their original positions after the CD is burned The purpose of setting offsets is to compensate for inaccurate timing in some CD players particularly older units The Disc Options window includes offset fields for the first start point other start points end points and index points allowing you to offset any or all of these markers The first start point is a special case because the Red Book standard stipulates that there must be a two to three second pause before the first track begins Typing a value greater than 0 zero in the First Start Point field of WaveBurner inserts a corresponding period of silence before the first track and every track is shifted by the amount of time required to maintain this period of silence The overall length of the CD is increased by the number of CDDA
30. e parameters you want to adjust The arrow menu to the right of the Plug in list window enables you to quickly open or close all Plug in windows Note Any changes made to plug in parameter values in either the Plug in window or the parameter list shown in the Setting column will be reflected in the other 43 44 Changing the Plug in Order Changing the order of plug ins can radically change the sound of the region or mix being processed Feeding a region through a reverb chorus delay chain delivers very different tonal results to feeding the same region through a delay chorus gt reverb even when identical settings are used for all three effects This difference in tone is due to particular frequencies in your region being emphasized de emphasized by each effect and then magnified or suppressed by the ensuing processes To change the plug in order in the Plug in lists Click hold on the plug in name and drag it up down to the desired position Using Plug in Chains You can save plug in chains set up in the Plug in lists You can also load previously saved plug in chains Simply select the appropriate function from the Plug In Path menu next to the Add Plug in menu Using the Level Meter You can monitor the audio output levels of your projects with the Level Meter As a project plays back the levels in each stereo channel change constantly with the rising and falling of the audio signal The Level Meter shows these ch
31. eral Region Name Length 03 17 20 Gap To Previous Region 00 00 00 Trim Start End Gain Left 0 00 Right 0 00 Region Peak Position 02 52 61 Level 0 0 d8 Crrevious JC near Conc Goes 10 To show the Region Info window do one of the following Select a region then choose Region gt Region Info Double click on the desired region The General pane of the Region Info window displays the following information Region name Double click and type in a new name to edit Length Gap To Previous Region the length of the gap between the start of the selected region and the end of the previous region Negative values refer to overlapping regions in other words a given region starts before the previous region has ended Trim Start and End these two values show the points at which the region begins after the start of the audio file and ends before the end of the audio file As long as the region spans the complete audio file Trim Start and End will have values of 0 Gain settings for the Left and Right audio channels Adjust by click holding on the arrows on either side of the numerical value or double click directly on the value and type in a new one Region Peak Position and Level indicates the position relative to the start of the region not the audio file and level of the highest audio peak in the region Any volume changes made in WaveBurner using the region s
32. erview left or right You can also move to the start of the previous track or next track with keyboard shortcuts To move to the start of the previous track Choose View gt Previous Track Start or press Command Left Arrow key To move to the start of the next track Choose View gt Next Track Start or press Command Right Arrow key Working With Regions Regions are the building blocks of your WaveBurner projects Regions can include the entire source audio file or any continuous section of an audio file The edits you make to a region do not change the source audio file so you can always go back to the file s original state When you add an audio file to a project a region is created from the file The new region appears in the Wave View area and in the Region list Regions are displayed chronologically in the Wave View area from left to right Regions are alternately displayed in the upper or lower half of the Wave View area making it easier to view any overlapping areas between two regions Regions are displayed in chronological order from top to bottom in the Region list Once a region is added to your project it will automatically be assigned a track start marker which contains the track number displayed by the CD player during playback This track start marker is mirrored by a newly created track that uses the new region and appears in the Track list You can edit regions in a variety of ways You can copy reorder trim
33. f the Denoiser are Threshold Reduce and Noise Type The Threshold parameter determines the level below which signals are interpreted as noise floor The recommended method for setting the Threshold is to find a passage where only noise is audible then set the Threshold so that signals at this volume level are filtered out The Reduce parameter sets the level that the noise floor is reduced to You use the Noise Type parameter to determine the type of noise that the Denoiser will reduce There are three choices of noise type e Setting the Noise Type to 0 zero causes the Denoiser to reduce white noise all frequencies reduced equally e Setting the Noise Type to a positive value causes the Denoiser to reduce pink noise harmonic noise greater bass response Setting the Noise Type to a negative value causes the Denoiser to reduce blue noise hiss sibilance tape noise The Denoiser recognizes frequency bands with a lower volume and less complex harmonic structure and then reduces them to the desired dB value This method is not completely precise and neighboring frequencies are also effected Use of the Denoiser at extreme or high settings may produce artifacts that sound like tinkling glass which is usually less desirable than the existing noise There are three smoothing parameters that you can use to minimize such artifacts Frequency smoothing Time smoothing and Level Transition smoothing The higher
34. frames required to maintain the initial period of silence To set offsets 1 Choose Disc gt Disc Options then click the General tab if necessary 2 Type the offsets you want to set in the First Start Point Other Start Points Stop Points and Indexes fields in CDDA frames 3 When you are finished click OK 45 46 BW N 3 Saving Mastering Notes You can save several types of mastering information about your project in WaveBurner in case you need to refer to it later You can save information about the session the client the plug ins and dithering used and information about each track Session Info includes the Session ID date and time company studio engineer source media bit depth and sample rate e Client Info includes the disc title client artist producer and copyright Comments allows you to you to add notes and information about a session To add mastering information to a project Choose Disc gt Mastering Notes to show the Mastering Notes window Click the Session or Client tab as applicable Type the desired information in the appropriate field Click Apply Previewing Transitions Before burning a CD it s advisable to preview your transitions to ensure that everything is as you want it To preview all track transitions Open the Preview tab of the Preferences window and set the number of seconds to be played at the beginning Pre Roll and end Post Roll of a title Select Disc
35. g the slider right or clicking the right side of the scale zooms out for a wider view You can also zoom in or out with menu commands by click dragging on the Zoom Scroll buttons or by vertically dragging inside the Overview rectangle To zoom in do one of the following Drag the Zoom slider left Click the left part of the Zoom control Choose View gt Zoom In Press Command Down Arrow key Click drag downwards on the red rectangle in the Overview Minimize the scroll bar by click dragging the Zoom Scroll buttons at either end of the scroll bar Shift click dragging a Zoom Scroll button allows you to zoom in on one side To zoom out do one of the following e Drag the Zoom slider right e Click the right part of the Zoom control e Choose View gt Zoom Out e Press Command Up Arrow key e Click drag upwards on the red rectangle in the Overview 18 e Maximize the scroll bar by click dragging the Zoom Scroll buttons at either end of the scroll bar Shift click dragging a Zoom Scroll button allows you to zoom out on one side You can also choose View gt Maximum Zoom Out to show as much of your project as possible in the Wave View area Note Activating WaveBurner gt Preferences gt General gt Zoom To Position Line ensures that the Position Line remains centered in the Wave View area when zooming You can navigate to different parts of your project by dragging the horizontal scroll bar or red rectangle in the Ov
36. gion Info window enables you to add notes and information about a region The Previous and Next buttons allow you to step between the preceding and ensuing regions in the Region list This can accelerate the editing of a particular parameter in several regions The Cancel and OK buttons cancel or execute any changes made in the Region Info window Note The Cancel button only works for the currently selected Region If you edited a Region then used the Next or Previous button to step to another Region followed by a click on Cancel only the changes made to the currently displayed Region are canceled Track Info Window The Track Info window displays information about the selected track in the Track list CD Track Info General Track 5 Start Time 04 38 29 Pause Length 00 09 72 PQ Codes ISRC seus Pre Emphasis Crrevious next Cancer Gow To show the Track Info window do one of the following e Select the track in the Track list then choose Disc gt Track Info e Click the track start marker for the track then choose Disc gt Track Info Double click the track start marker for the track The General pane of the Track Info window displays the following information Track Number Title e Start Time start time of the track as it would appear on the CD e Pause Length the pause before the track starts 12 e ISRC Code e SCMS e Pre emphasis The
37. gt Preview Disc The beginnings and ends of all tracks on the CD will be played Note Disc gt Preview Track allows you to preview the beginning and end of a track chosen in the Track list Burning the CD After completing the steps outlined in Getting Ready to Burn a CD on page 44 you are ready to burn the project to a CD To burn a project to a CD do the following Choose Burn gt Burn Disc The Burn dialog appears with the name of the CD burner listed in the dialog If you have not previously inserted a blank CD R in the tray of the CD burner the Burn dialog prompts you to insert a blank CD R Insert a blank CD R in the CD burner tray if you have not already done so Note The CD R must be blank WaveBurner does not support burning to a CD R disc that contains other CDDA sessions as this would not comply with the Red Book standard In the Burn dialog click Burn The Burn dialog displays the progress of the burn process When the burn process is complete the CD is ejected Setting WaveBurner Preferences You can set preferences for various aspects of WaveBurner in the Preferences window Some preferences apply to the current project and others apply when you create a new project You may want to set some preferences before you begin working on your projects To open the Preferences window Choose WaveBurner gt Preferences or press Command comma General Preferences 2 0 8 Preferences fcenerat Aud
38. he currently selected region Note If none or more than one region is selected the Region Plug In list does not display any plug ins The Mix Plug In list shows plug ins used on the overall project Click on the corresponding tab to select either list i gt Multipressoi Default 4 Y Fat EQ Default 4 Band1 On Model Shelf Frequenc 20 Hz Q Factor 3 Gainl 0 0 dB Band2 On Mode2 Par Frequenc 200 Hz Q factor 0 74 Gain 2 0 0 dB Band 3 On The Add Plug In pull down menu enables you to load a plug in Click on the menu and browse to the desired plug in name Click the name and the plug in will be added to the list below any existing plug ins if applicable The Plug In Path menu allows you to load and set up plug in chains Plug in Windows Each effect plug in has its own window offering controls that enable you to adjust plug in parameters The controls can include sliders buttons and value fields each labeled to indicate the parameter being controlled These can be adjusted in the same fashion as the Logic plug ins For details please refer to the Logic Pro 7 Plug In Reference To open a plug in s window Double click on the plug in name in the Region or Mix Plug In list Region Info Window The Region Info window displays information about the currently selected region and its source audio file You can edit this information in the Region Info window Region info Gen
39. hen you add an audio file to a project a region is created The region can include the entire source audio file or any continuous section of the audio file When you edit a region in the Wave View area or the Region list the edits only affect the region not the source audio file Tracks Tracks are the individual selections on a CD which a listener chooses with the track number or forward and back buttons on a CD player Tracks can include multiple regions and one region can span multiple tracks Creating Opening and Saving Projects The first step in creating a CD in WaveBurner is to create a new project To create a new project Choose File gt New or press Command N A new blank untitled project document appears You can name the project when you first save it To open an existing project Choose File gt Open or press Command O Locate and select the project in the Open dialog then click Open Note You can open old WB 2 OS 9 documents in WaveBurner 1 1 When opening such a document the document format will be converted to the WaveBurner version 1 1 format To save a project Choose File gt Save or press Command S Note You can set preferences for various aspects of WaveBurner in the Preferences window Some preferences apply to the current project and others apply when you create a new project You may want to set some preferences before you begin working on your projects Please see Setting WaveBurner P
40. in increasing frequency order from left to right The buttons numbered 1 through 5 allow you to turn each band on or off The circular slider for each band lets you set the amount to increase boost or decrease cut the signal level in that band Dragging the number in the value field located directly above the slider enables you to raise or lower the band s frequency You can set the amount of resonance or Q for each band by dragging the number in the value field located just above the on off button Band 1 can function as a low cut or low shelving filter Bands 2 and 4 can be switched from their normal operating mode as fully parametric band pass filters to low or high shelving filters The center band 3 always operates as a fully parametric band pass Band 5 can function as either a high cut or high shelving EQ You select the filter type for each band by turning on or off the graphic button for the band located at the top of the plug in window above the graphic display 35 36 Linear Phase EQ t Gain Slope 0 008 Q 1 1 10 linear phase equalizer The Linear Phase EQ offers up to eight bands of equalization and an integrated Fast Fourier Transform FFT analyzer It features linear phase filtering which means that use of the Linear Phase EQ results in no phase distortion of the audio signal Linear phase filtering does add latency of about 50 ms The parameters for the Linear Phase EQ are similar to those for the Fat E
41. ine Using the Transport Controls You can control project playback and set the location of the Position Line with the Transport controls located at the bottom center of the Wave View area The Transport controls include from left to right Go to previous track start marker Moves the Position Line to the previous track start marker If the project is currently playing playback continues from this point Go to next track start marker Sets the Position Line to the next track start marker If the project is currently playing playback continues from this point Catch Turns Catch mode on or off When Catch mode is turned on the visible part of the Wave View area scrolls ensuring that the Position Line remains visible Play Pause Starts playback from the current Position Line location Stop Stops playback Back Scrubs shuttles while audio is heard towards the start of the project Click hold on the button to operate Forward Scrubs shuttles while audio is heard towards the end of the project Click hold on the button to operate To start playback do one of the following e Click the Play button in the Transport or press the Space bar e Double click either time ruler to start playback from that point To stop playback do one of the following e Click the Stop button or press Space bar in the Transport A second click on the Stop button or pressing the Space bar moves the Position Line to the beginning of the pr
42. io Driver Preview Burm J Bounce sou into he Sar Default Pause Length F Zoom To Position Line At Startup Sets the default behavior when you open WaveBurner You can choose Create New Document which creates a new blank project Open Document which displays an Open dialog Open Last Document or Do Nothing Default Pause Length Sets the default pause length inserted when you add a region Changing the Default Pause Length does not effect the currently open document s It only applies to documents opened after setting a new value Zoom To Position Line When turned on the Position line remains centered in the Wave View area when zooming Audio Driver Preferences AOO Preferences Audio Driver e Driver Choose the audio device for output from the pop up menu 47 48 e Output Choose the output channel or channels from the pop up menu The number of channels available depends on the device selected in the Driver pop up menu Preview Preferences Pre Roll 1 Post Roll If the preview function is active Disc gt Preview Disc or Preview Track WaveBurner plays a short segment around each track marker in consecutive order e Pre Roll Playback time in seconds that precede a track pause marker playback of the last x seconds of the preceding track e Post Roll Playback time in seconds that follow a track start marker playback of the first x se
43. ion gt Bounce Region In the Bounce dialog browse to the target save location for the bounced file and set the desired File options You can choose the file format AIFF SDII WAV bit depth stereo type interleaved stereo split stereo left channel right channel and dithering mode if applied Then click Save Dependent on the WaveBurner gt Preferences gt Bounce options the original Region may automatically be replaced with the bounced audio file Note You can also bounce your complete project by choosing File gt Bounce Project This calculates the complete project off line and renders it to one continuous audio file The bounce file is actually a Mac OS X package containing one continuous audio file the document data and the mastering info Renaming Regions When a region is created it is assigned the name of the source audio file by default You can rename regions in the Region list To rename a region Double click the region name in the Region list and type in a new name Deleting Regions You can remove a region from the project if you decide you no longer want to include it To delete a region Select the region then choose Edit gt Delete or press Delete Working With Tracks Tracks are the individual selections on a CD which a listener chooses with the track number or forward and back buttons on a CD player By default a track is created for each region in a project It s also possible to combine seve
44. it takes for the Compressor to stop dampening louder passages once the signal falls below the threshold Undesirable pumping can be minimized by adjusting the Release parameter As the compressor affects signals above the threshold the overall output signal is often lower than the input signal You can compensate for this decrease in output level by raising the Gain parameter As an alternative you can activate Auto Gain This facility automatically matches the input and output levels The Compressor can use one of two input level detection methods either Peak or RMS RMS approximates the signal s perceived loudness Depending on the audio material RMS is often the more natural and musical sounding option of the two You should note however that the Compressor does not react to every single signal peak which may cause distortion In this situation turn Auto Gain off and or switch the Compressor to Peak detection Multipressor F 4 4 7 H j J 3 Ca multipressor The Multipressor short for multiband compressor is used as a mastering tool in many different situations The Multipressor splits the incoming signal into two to four different frequency bands each of which is compressed independently This permits higher levels of compression without producing a pumping effect As the name suggests the Multipressor is like a set of compressors each working independently on a different part of the frequen
45. just crossfades When you add a region WaveBurner creates a track and adds track markers to define the pause between tracks You can create crossfades between overlapping regions and adjust the crossfades in the Wave View area You can also insert index markers to create index points within a track Step 4 Add effects You can add effects to individual regions and or to the overall project mix to enhance and shape the sound A set of professional quality mastering effects is bundled with WaveBurner including equalization EQ compression limiting and noise reduction as well as analysis tools that will help you to optimize the overall mix You can adjust plug in parameters and save and recall settings including chains of plug ins and their settings You can also use Audio Units effects plug ins from Apple or third party manufacturers Step 5 Burn the project to a CD You burn your project with supported CD burning hardware that is connected to or installed in your Macintosh Prior to burning the project to a CD you can make use of the Burn Test mode to determine the maximum speed that your system can reliably write data to a blank CD R Quick Start You can quickly burn a CD using existing audio files and default settings for pauses and crossfades To quickly burn a CD Open WaveBurner Choose File gt New to create a new project Drag the desired audio files to the Region list in the order that you want them to appear on the
46. lder Goniometers and at the same time enhancing readability Clicking the Goniometer button turns on the Goniometer and turns off the Spectrum Analyzer You can use the Auto Gain display parameter in order to obtain a higher readout on low level passages Auto Gain allows the display to automatically compensate for low input levels You can set the amount of compensation with the Auto Gain parameter or set Auto Gain by dragging directly in the display area of the Goniometer Note that Auto Gain is a display parameter only and increases the display for better readability The actual audio levels are not changed by this parameter Using Audio Units Effects Plug Ins In addition to the included effects plug ins you can add plug ins in the Audio Units format Audio Units plug ins are available from Apple and third party manufacturers When adding third party plug ins to your computer be sure to read the documentation including any Read Me and installation files that came with the plug in Apple Audio Units plug ins appear in the Apple submenu of the Add Plug in pop up menu Third party Audio Units plug ins appear in the submenu featuring the manufacturer s name in the Add Plug In pop up menu You add Audio Units plug ins in the same way as the included effects by choosing the plug in you want to add from the appropriate submenu of the Add Plug In menu You adjust Audio Units plug in parameters view a plug in s window and delete a plug in
47. ocess is stopped when clipping is detected in the region or project being bounced SDII Preferences AA Preferences F Add sol Regions As Waver8urner Regions Adopt Pause Lengths From SDII Regions F import spit Markers As WaveBurner can import files and regions in SDII Sound Designer II format In the SDII preferences you can set how WaveBurner handles the import Add SDII Regions As WaveBurner Regions If turned off an SDII file will be imported as a single WaveBurner region Switch on to bring multiple SDII regions into WaveBurner If the SDII file does not contain region definitions a dialog will ask you if you want to add the whole file as one region Adopt Pause Lengths from SDII Regions Turn on to use the pause lengths of the original file s SDII regions for your CD Import SDII Markers As Here you can choose if the SDII markers will be used as index markers or track start markers for the CD 49 50 Info Preferences Here you can set what CD Track information should be included in the mastering information You can switch on off the start time track name track length track stop track pause copy prohibit pre emphasis ISRC code track comments and index points WaveBurner Keyboard Shortcuts File New Command N Open Command O Close Command W Save Command S Save As Command Shift S Import Audio File Command F
48. oject Double click either time ruler to stop playback and move the Position Line to the clicked position Moving the Position Line You can move the Position Line directly to any location To move the Position Line Click once at the point you want to move the Position Line to on either time ruler Looping Playback You can loop or cycle a section of your project so that it plays back repeatedly This can be useful when you edit a part of the project and want to hear the results of your edits as you work You can loop playback by defining a Cycle area in either of the time rulers To define a Cycle area In either time ruler drag from the desired loop start position to the point where you want looping to end Click dragging the Cycle area handles allows you to resize the defined Cycle area To remove the Cycle area Click anywhere outside the current Cycle area in the time ruler Note that this will move the Position Line to the clicked point Navigating in the Wave View Area Navigation in the Wave View area is performed with the zoom controls and scroll bar You can also move to different parts of the Wave View area by using the rectangle in the Overview You can zoom in to make precise edits or Zoom out to see more of your project The Zoom control features a slider on a graduated scale Moving the slider left or clicking the left side of the scale zooms in for a closer view of a section of the Wave View area Movin
49. on in isolation press and hold Option before selecting and dragging it All subsequent region positions remain intact The gaps at the beginning and end of the region being moved are changed accordingly When you drag a region to the right the pause length the duration between the track start marker and its pause start point increases When you drag a region to the left so that it overlaps the previous region the pause length is set to zero and fades are automatically added to the region fade in and the previous region fade out crossfading the overlapped area You can adjust the crossfades For information about adjusting crossfades see Adding and Adjusting Fades on page 22 20 Note The track start marker behavior outlined above only works when you have not manually edited the track start marker See Automatic Positioning of Track Start Markers on page 30 Trimming Regions You trim shorten a region by adjusting either or both its start and or endpoints To trim the start or end point Move the pointer over the left or right edge of the region The pointer changes to a trim pointer Drag the edge of the region You can drag the start point to the right or drag the end point to the left Note As you drag the region is trimmed and all subsequent regions are moved in order to retain their relative positions Pressing Option while dragging allows you to trim a region without moving adjacent regions
50. pple Computer Inc All rights reserved Apple the Apple logo Logic Macintosh and Mac OS are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc registered in the U S and other countries Finder GarageBand SuperDrive and WaveBurner are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc
51. ral regions into one track or to create several tracks with one region Tracks are defined by a track start marker and its corresponding pause start point which is automatically inserted when you add a region You can move this marker from its default positions and insert additional markers For information about inserting and moving markers see Working With Markers on page 27 The Track List Tracks are displayed chronologically in the Track list from top to bottom If you reorder regions in the Region list the Track list is updated to reflect the new order The Track list displays information about each track including the track name track length start time and track pause You can edit the track information in the Track list You can add comments add ISRC codes and set pre emphasis flags for the track Adding Comments Comments allow you to save notes and information about a track for mastering purposes These comments will not appear on the CD To add track comments Click the track s Comments field then type the desired text in the field Adding ISRC Codes The International Standard Recording Code or ISRC serves as a unique registration code for phonograph and audio visual recordings The ISRC standard was established in 1986 by the ISO International Standards Organization in ISO document No 3901 The IFPI International Federation of the Phonographic Industry was designated as the international registration agency in 1
52. references p 47 for details Adding Audio Files to a Project WaveBurner supports the following audio file formats AIFF WAV SDI e AAC MP3 Audio files can be mono split stereo or interleaved stereo and can be in any combination of the following sample rates and bit depths e All sample rates up to 96 kHz 8 16 and 24 bit depths To add one or more audio files to a project do one of the following Drag the audio file s into the Region list from the Finder Choose File gt Import Audio File or press Command l select the audio file s you want to use then click Add Click the Import button in the upper left corner of the Region list then choose the audio file from the file selector Name Handling in WaveBurner There are four types the file name region name track name and CD Text track title names You might expect a connection between the track title shown in the Track list and the CD TEXT track title panel in the CD Track Info window These are separate entities as you may wish to have an alternate entry for CD TEXT shown on appropriate CD players As an example you may wish to have a concert live version of a particular track differentiated from the studio version 16 Auditioning Projects and Controlling Playback While working on a project you ll want to hear the regions tracks pauses and crossfades You can control project playback with the Transport controls or by moving the Position L
53. rganize your project s regions in the Region list Regions are listed chronologically in time order from top to bottom When you select a region in the Region list the region is also selected in the Wave View area Click holding the audio file icon in the first column allows you to reorder regions by dragging them up down Option dragging region names copies them ers Start Title gt Am 00 02 00 Uptempo Intro gt De 00 08 35 Ain t Much Without You AB 03 40 45 Metamorphosis 1 3 02 24 44 Crescendo Q1 4 01 57 04 Clap t 2 1 00 04 20 Fade gt Aa 04 41 01 Claps gt AE 04 42 62 Claps II gt Ae 04 44 49 Passion gt A7 08 01 69 Lovin Asteroid The Region list displays the following information about each region and its marker points e Number e Start time e Title e Length e Comment The arrow menu in the upper right corner of the Region list allows you to change the time format You can also determine if the time display of markers will be shown in absolute elapsed time since CD start or relative values elapsed time since track start You may freely swap column positions by click dragging on the column name field and moving it left or right Column widths may be resized by click dragging on the vertical lines that separate the column name fields Click dragging on the vertical line between the Region and Track list enables you to set the width of the Region list thereby hiding showing columns
54. rocess To move a track start and pause start point separately Place the pointer directly over the track marker portion you want to move The pointer changes to a split track marker symbol Drag the marker portion either track or pause to the desired position Note As long as there is no pause set in other words the track marker is still in one piece moving the right portion of the marker will move both In this situation move the left portion to the left this will split the track marker and create a pause Following this split of the track marker either portion can be moved separately Automatic Positioning of Track Start Markers Track start markers are repositioned automatically when regions are moved In overlapping regions these are located at the center of the overlapping sequence In non overlapping regions a pause start is located at the end of the first region and a track start at the beginning of the second region If you manually change the marker positions the automatic function is switched off If you have edited a track start marker manually and want to move it to the automatic position release it as soon as a chain icon appears in place of the mouse cursor If you want to move a track start marker near to the chain position but don t want it to be positioned automatically press and hold Option Working With Effects You can add effects to individual regions or to the overall project
55. s or Mix Plug Ins list then press the Delete key Note Plug ins can be copied by Option click dragging the name of the desired plug in to the bottom of the plug in list Bypassing Plug ins You can bypass a plug in in order to hear the region or project without the plug in without losing the changes you ve made to the plug in s parameters To bypass a plug in Click the checkbox to the right of the desired row in the Plug In list Click the checkbox again to hear the plug in Adjusting Plug in Parameters Each plug in contains a set of parameters used to control the way the plug in shapes the sound You can view and adjust a plug in s parameters in either the Plug in List or its Plug In window To access a plug in s parameters in the Plug in List Click the triangle to the left of the plug in name in the Plug In list This will expose all plug in parameter settings Individual parameter values can be altered by click dragging on the value shown in the Setting column Note You may load existing plug in settings by clicking on the name shown in the first Setting column of a plug in This will open a pop up menu allowing you to load and save plug in settings To access a plug in s parameters in its Plug in window Double click the name of the plug in in the Plug In list The Plug In window will launch You can adjust the plug in s parameters by moving the sliders or knobs typing in the fields or clicking the buttons of th
56. s to a WaveBurner project The audio files appear as regions in the project window where you can edit and arrange them graphically or numerically You can add effects to both individual regions and the overall project using the included plug ins or using Audio Units plug ins you install on your computer You can edit pauses between tracks and add fade ins fade outs and crossfades When your project is complete you can burn the project to a CD Creating a CD With WaveBurner WaveBurner makes it easy to create professional quality audio CDs in a straightforward no fuss way The following outlines the workflow of a typical WaveBurner project Step 1 Add audio files You start by creating a new project and adding audio files to the project When you add an audio file it is imported as a region which you can arrange and edit in the Wave View area and the Region list A track is created for each new region and you can edit the track in the Wave View area and the Track list Step 2 Edit regions and tracks You can edit regions and tracks in a variety of ways working either graphically in the Wave View area or numerically in the Region and Track lists You can copy reorder trim split adjust gain and normalize regions It s also possible to combine several regions into one track or create several tracks with one region As you work you can play the whole or any part of the project to hear the results of your edits immediately Step 3 Ad
57. sition means that the left and right channels correlate 100 they are completely in phase A correlation of 0 zero the center position indicates the widest permissible left right divergence often audible as an extremely wide stereo effect Correlation values less than zero indicate that out of phase material is present which can lead to phase cancellations if the stereo signal is combined into a monaural signal 39 40 MultiMeter lef L right LR max mono Range The MultiMeter combines the functions of the Level Meter and Correlation Meter as described above with several other analysis tools A Spectrum Analyzer A Goniometer for judging the phase coherency in the stereo sound field The control panel to the left of the display allows you to switch between the Analyzer and Goniometer and contains parameter controls for the MultiMeter The Stereo Level and Correlation Meter are always visible Spectrum Analyzer The Spectrum Analyzer divides the audio signal into 31 independent frequency bands Each frequency band represents one third of an octave The filter curves comply to IEC document 1260 You turn on the Spectrum Analyzer by clicking the Analyzer button Turning on the Spectrum Analyzer turns off the Goniometer The four buttons below determine the portion of the input signal displayed by the Analyzer You can choose between Left or Right channel only LR max shows the maximum band levels of either channel
58. they appear as track numbers on the CD player s display and are used for navigation with the forward back or track number controls of a CD player Track start markers are comprised of the actual track start marker a purple flag pointing to the right and the pause start point a purple flag pointing to the left The pause start point indicates the pause before the track start point Index markers Indicate the position of index points these are additional submarkers within a track Not all CD players can recognize and locate index points 27 28 Inserting and Deleting Markers When you add an audio file to a project a track start marker is inserted at the beginning of the region The track start marker is tied to a pause start point that is inserted at the end of the preceding region including the first region The default pause length the amount of time that elapses between the pause start point and track start markers initially depends on the Default Pause Length parameter defined in the General Preferences pane For information about setting the default pause length see General Preferences on page 47 You can use the default placement of markers or move them to adjust the pause length Note The Disc gt Set Pause Length function allows you to change the existing pauses of selected tracks in the Track list If you check Ignore Tracks without Gap title borders without pauses will not be changed If this is
59. unchecked the new pause length is applied to all title borders If you check Shift Regions the Regions will be moved by the pause length change You can insert track start markers manually A track start marker is always inserted together with its pause start point To insert a track start marker Click the Track Start Marker button the purple marker button to the left of the Transport controls Track Start Marker button Click the marker bar above or below the region at the position you want to insert the track start marker A track start marker and its pause start point are inserted at the clicked position To change the length of the pause that precedes the track start point move the left portion of the marker pause start point to the left Index markers indicate submarkers which are specific time positions within a track You should note that not all CD players can recognize index points To insert an index marker Click the Index Marker button the orange marker button to the left of the Transport controls v a Index Marker button Click the marker bar above or below the region at the position you want to insert the index marker Markers are always attached to a region This ensures that markers retain their relative positions In other words if the position of a region on the CD is moved at some later stage markers attached to that region are moved along with it markers attached to the previous region ret
60. vailable Click Reset amp Rescan All to run another validation test after installing plug ins updaters or moving components in the Finder while WaveBurner or the AU Manager are open You can also rescan individual plug ins in cases where you ve installed an updated version Updated plug in versions will automatically be tested the next time WaveBurner is launched They will be enabled automatically if they pass the test Adding and Deleting Plug Ins You add plug ins to selected regions in the Region Plug Ins list and add plug ins to the overall project in the Mix Plug Ins list To add a plug in to a region Click the Region Plug Ins tab to show the Region Plug Ins list In the Region list click the target region that you want to add the plug in to Choose the category of plug in you want to add from the Add Plug In pop up menu then choose the plug in from the submenu The plug in appears in the Region Plug Ins list below any plug ins already added to the region To add a plug in to the overall project Click the Mix Plug Ins tab to show the Mix Plug Ins list Choose the category of plug in you want to add from the Add Plug In pop up menu then choose the plug in from the submenu The plug in appears in the Mix Plug Ins list below any plug ins already added to the project If you no longer want to use a plug in you can delete it from the list To delete a plug in Select the plug in in either the Region Plug In
61. volume envelope for example are not taken into account The Audio File pane of the Region Info window displays the following information about the region s source audio file Audio File Format including bit depth and ordering sample rate and file type File Length File Size Creation and Modification Dates Peak Position and Level indicates the absolute position and level of the highest audio peak in the audio file Location of the audio file on disk Use the Show in Finder button to display the file in the Finder The Fades pane of the Region Info window displays the following information about the fades for the Fade In top and Fade Out bottom of your region Fade in and fade out types including No Fade Free S Curve and Concave Convex fade curves Set Linear button Resets the fade curves to linear straight line Executed when you click the OK button to exit the window Fade Length Fade Shape allows values between 99 and 99 Curve points x y coordinates If a fade curve type other than Free is selected the Shape parameter allows you to edit the points of the fade curve Small shape values result in a shallower curve a value of zero equals a straight line The curve point coordinates indicate the positions of the fade curve envelope points as seen in the Wave View If the curve type is set to Free the curve point coordinates can be edited manually in the value fields The Comments pane of the Re
62. window do one of the following e Select the track in the Track list then choose Disc gt Track Info e Click the track start marker for the track then choose Disc gt Track Info Double click the track start marker for the track Setting the Copy Prohibit Bit You can set a Copy Prohibit Bit for a track When a track s Copy Prohibit Bit is set the track cannot be digitally copied more than once by recording devices that support the Serial Copy Management System SCMS These devices automatically write a Copy Prohibit Bit to prevent further generation of digital copies of the track Consumer level DAT recorders and infrequently professional level units are usually equipped with SCMS Given the number of recording devices that do not include this type of copy protection setting the Copy Prohibit Bit does not guarantee that the track cannot be copied multiple times WaveBurner provides the option to set the Copy Prohibit Bit in order to comply with the Red Book standard To set the Copy Prohibit Bit In the General pane of the CD Track Info window choose Protected original or Protected copy from the SCMS pop up menu Setting Track Pre Emphasis The use of pre emphasis dates from the early days of digital sound reproduction when 14 bit A D converters without oversampling were frequently used The high frequencies of digital recordings were boosted or emphasized during conversion similar to the RIAA EQ process for
63. x point Relative To Disc The Comments pane allows you to enter notes for the selected Index Point The Previous and Next buttons allow you to step between the preceding and ensuing Index Points The Cancel and OK buttons cancel or execute any changes made in the Index Point Info window Level Meter The Level Meter window displays the volume level of the left and right channels of your project in real time as the project plays To show the Level Meter window Choose Window gt Open Level Meter or press Command L For more information about using the Level Meter see Level Meter on page 39 Customizing the WaveBurner Window You can customize the WaveBurner main window by adding buttons for the commands you use most often You can choose the buttons you want to add from the Toolbar To customize the WaveBurner window Control click or right click if you have a two button mouse the top part of the WaveBurner window then choose Customize Toolbar from the shortcut menu Drag the buttons you want to add from the Customize Toolbar pane to any empty area along the top of the window If you drag a button to a location between two existing buttons they will move to make space for the new button To remove a Toolbar item control click or right click if you have a two button mouse on the desired icon then choose Remove Item from the menu Click Done when finished 14 Note You may also choose to drag the entire

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