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Netopia 4542 Network Router User Manual

1. You can make changes to the server s service and port or internal or external address Select CHANGE NAT SERVER and press Return Your changes take effect and you are returned to the Show Change NAT Server List screen Multiple Network Address Translation 9 19 Deleting a server To delete a server from the list select Delete Server from the Show Change NAT Server List menu and press Return A pop up menu lists your configured servers Select the one you want to delete and press Return A dialog box asks you to confirm your choice Show Change NAT Server List Internal Address External Address Port 192 168 1 254 206 1 1 6 smtp 19 19 Are you sure you want to delete this Server CANCEL CONTINUE Choose CONTINUE and press Return The server is deleted from the list 9 20 User s Reference Guide Binding Map Lists and Server Lists Once you have created your map lists and server lists for most Netopia Router models you must bind them to a profile either a Connection Profile or the Default Profile You do this in one of the following screens m the IP profile parameters screen See below of the Connection Profile configuration menu m the IP Parameters WAN Default Profile screen see page 9 22 of the Default Profile configuration menu m the Binding Map Lists and Server Lists screen See page 9 20 IP profile parameters To bind a map list to
2. 211 211 77 0 0 NC NC NC The table s columns correspond to each filter s attributes The filter s priority in the set Filter number 1 with the highest priority is first in the table Source IP Addr The packet source IP address to match Dest IP Addr The packet destination IP address to match Proto The protocol to match This can be entered as a number See the table below or as TCP or UDP if those protocols are used Protocol Number to use Full name N A 0 Ignores protocol type ICMP 1 Internet Control Message Protocol TCP 6 Transmission Control Protocol UDP 17 User Datagram Protocol Security 11 9 Src Port The source port to match This is the port on the sending host that originated the packet D Port The destination port to match This is the port on the receiving host for which the packet is intended On Displays Yes when the filter is in effect or No when it is not Fwd Shows whether the filter forwards Yes a packet or discards No it when there s a match 11 10 User s Reference Guide Filtering example 1 Returning to our filtering rule example from above see page 11 6 look at how a rule is translated into a filter Start with the rule then fill in the filter s attributes 1 The rule you want to implement as a filter is Block all Telnet attempts that originate from the remote host 199 211 211 17 2 The host 199 211 211 17 is
3. Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 96 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 96 01100000 Source address in incoming IP packet AND 255 255 255 255 11111111 Perform the logical AND 01100000 Logical AND result Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia 4541 4542 is 01100000 and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000 this rule does match and this packet will not be forwarded This rule masks off a single IP address 11 28 User s Reference Guide Monitoring Tools 12 1 Chapter 12 Monitoring Tools This chapter discusses the Netopia 4541 4542 s device and network monitoring tools These tools can provide statistical information report on current network status record events and help in diagnosing and locating problems This section covers the following topics m Quick View status overview on page 12 1 m Statistics amp Logs on page 124 m Event histories on page 12 4 m IP Routing Table on page 12 7 General Statistics on page 12 7 m System Information on page 12 9 m SNMP on page 12 9 Quick View status overview You can get a useful overall status report from the Netopia 4541 4542 in the Quick View screen To go to the Quick View screen select Quick View in the Main Menu Main Menu I Quick View The Quick View screen has three status sections m General status
4. Off G Green R Red Y Yellow Each LED representation can report one of four states The LED is off R The LED is red G The LED is green Y The LED is yellow The section Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router status lights on page 2 3 describes the meanings of the colors for each LED 12 4 User s Reference Guide Statistics amp Logs Main Menu M Statistics amp Logs When you are troubleshooting your Netopia 4541 4542 the Statistics amp Logs screens provide insight into the recent event activities of the router From the Main Menu go to Statistics amp Logs and select one of the options described in the sections below Event histories Main eat e WAN Event History Menu Statistics amp Logs gt Device Event History The Netopia 4541 4542 records certain relevant occurrences in event histories Event histories are useful for diagnosing problems because they list what happened before during and after a problem occurs You can view two different event histories one for the router s system and one for the WAN The Netopia 4541 4542 s built in battery backup prevents loss of event history from a shutdown or reset The router s event histories are structured to display the most recent events first and to make it easy to distinguish error messages from informational messages Error messages are prefixed wit
5. 12 10 User s Reference Guide The SNMP Setup screen From the Main Menu select SNMP in the System Configuration screen and press Return The SNMP Setup screen appears Main System Menu Configuration SNMP SNMP Setup System Name System Location System Contact Read Only Community String public Read Write Community String private Authentication Traps Enable off IP Trap Receivers Configure optional SNMP parameters from here Follow these steps to configure the first three items in the screen 1 Select System Name and enter a descriptive name for the Netopia 4541 4542 s SNMP agent 2 Select System Location and enter the router s physical location room floor building etc 3 Select System Contact and enter the name of the person responsible for maintaining the router System Name System Location and System Contact set the values returned by the Netopia 4541 4542 SNMP agent for the SysName SysLocation and SysContact objects respectively in the MIB II system group Although optional the information you enter in these items can help a system administrator manage the network more efficiently Community strings The Read Only Community String and the Read Write Community String are like passwords that must be used by an SNMP manager querying or configuring the Netopia 4541 4542 An SNMP manager using the Read Only Community String can examine statistics and configuration information fr
6. Contents 5 Basic IP packet components s e 11 21 Basic protocol TYPOS sci scrcsdananatanbediadasaavaxasenentans 11 21 Firewall design rUuleS ccccccssssesseeseeseeeeeseeneess 11 22 Filter DASICS i xesciedereramsacneragermcavanaueriantoneramupnende 11 24 Example filters cccntecehcsmitaasianteeslanmitaanieniuaneanias 11 25 Chapter 12 Monitoring Tools nccccrccccecrn ena 12 1 Quick View status OVErViEW 0 eee 12 1 General SLALUS arerin o 12 2 CURTENESTACUS tsisszntantwecdnousgndunaandaaniesaionas sedans 12 3 SACS NL OMUS cherwetccned rann LANA 12 3 Statistics Ge LOGS arannana aeon iohasnaddecnoisumanannancnsans 124 Event IISHOMES cbi tventetitadstSeardaheduateahednesdiptarahadabheaskabaans 124 IP Routing Tab lesaciscicdosccedoanddaleatenteasdinbueecdoieeadtaintianaans 12 7 General SUAUST CS iadncesitunststtundartaununalsaaneteMdnunmanansein 12 7 SyStemilnfOFMa thon sierccssyesdsnacieds sist debsdaadedsninWaaannandaccnn 12 9 SNMP e a e ai 12 9 The SNMP Setup Screen 12 10 SNMP IDS rana 12 11 Chapter 13 Utilities and Diagnostics ee 13 1 PIM Ocerin eaa eaei 13 2 Tace ROUS neanon enasna a E 134 Telnet ehenta an aE 135 Factory defaults sunnan E E 134 Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP 13 7 Updating firmware ccccccccccscsssseesseseeeeeeeeaeeaeess 13 7 Downloading configuration files ccccceeeseeeeeees 13 8 Uploading configuration files cece 13 9 Transferring configur
7. Protocol Type TCP Source Port Compare o Compare Source Port ID Dest Port Compare Equal Dest Port ID 123 Established TCP Conns Only No Select Input Filter 2 and press Return In the Change Input Filter 2 screen set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below Change Input Filter Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type 10 28 User s Reference Guide In the Display Change Filter Set screen select Display Change Output Filter Display Change Output Filter screen Proto Srec Port D Port On Fwd 1723 Yes Yes TC Yes Yes P GRE Select Output Filter 1 and press Return In the Change Output Filter 1 screen set the Protocol Type and Destination Port information as shown below Change Output Filter 1 Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type UDP Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID 0 Dest Port Compare No Compare Dest Port ID 5150 Select Output Filter 2 and press Return In the Change Output Filter 2 screen set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 29 Change Output Filter 2 Enabled Yes Forward Yes Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask
8. DEAM AIF mance nerve k C Soci nage mrem sisa E Une OP esie pargaenion FF Uas damd gaess on maie retek C coca m If your ISP uses dynamic IP addressing DHCP select the Server assigned IP address radio button m f your ISP uses static IP addressing select the Specify an IP address radio button and enter your assigned IP address in the fields provided Also enter the IP address in the Primary and Secondary DNS fields 5 Click the OK button in this window and the next two windows Installing the VPN Client Before Installing the VPN Client you must have TCP IP installed and have an established Internet connection Windows 95 VPN installation 1 From your Internet browser navigate to the following URL http www microsoft com NTServer nts downloads recommended dunl3 win95 releasenotes aso Download the Microsoft Windows 95 VPN patch dun 1 3 to the Windows 95 computer you intend to use as a VPN client with PPTP Follow the installation instructions 2 From the Windows 95 Start menu select Settings then Control Panel and click once The Control Panel screen appears 3 Double click Add Remove Programs The Add Remove Programs screen appears 4 Click the Windows Setup tab The Windows Setup screen will be displayed within the top center box 5 Highlight Communications and double click 10 22 User s Reference Guide This displays a list of possible selections for the communications option Active componen
9. IP Trap Receivers Display Change IP Trap Receiver Add IP Trap Receiver Delete IP Trap Receiver Return Enter to modify an existing Trap Receiver Navigate from here to view add modify and delete IP Trap Receivers Setting the IP trap receivers 1 Select Add IP Trap Receiver 2 Select Receiver IP Address or Domain Name Enter the IP address or domain name of the SNMP manager you want to receive the trap 3 Select Community String if you enabled one in the SNMP Setup screen and enter the appropriate password 4 Select Add Trap Receiver Now and press Return You can add up to seven more receivers Viewing IP trap receivers To display a view only table of IP trap receivers select Display Change IP Trap Receiver in the IP Trap Receivers screen Modifying IP trap receivers 1 To edit an IP trap receiver select Display Change IP Trap Receiver in the IP Trap Receivers screen 2 Select an IP trap receiver from the table and press Return 3 Inthe Change IP Trap Receiver screen edit the information as needed and press Return Deleting IP trap receivers 1 To delete an IP trap receiver select Delete IP Trap Receiver in the IP Trap Receivers screen 2 Select an IP trap receiver from the table and press Return 3 Inthe dialog box select Continue and press Return Utilities and Diagnostics 13 1 Chapter 13 Utilities and Diagnostics A number of utilities and tests are available for system diagnostic
10. and checks each package s destination address to see if it matches that destination A filter inspects data packets like a customs inspector scrutinizing packages Filter priority Continuing the customs inspectors analogy imagine the inspectors lined up to examine a package If the package matches the first inspector s criteria the package is either rejected or passed on to its destination depending on the first inspector s particular orders In this case the package is never seen by the remaining inspectors packet first filter send to next filter discard delete to network 11 6 User s Reference Guide If the package does not match the first inspector s criteria it goes to the second inspector and so on You can see that the order of the inspectors in the line is very important For example let s say the first inspector s orders are to send along all packages that come from Rome and the second inspector s orders are to reject all packages that come from France If a package arrives from Rome the first inspector sends it along without allowing the second inspector to see it A package from Paris is ignored by the first inspector rejected by the second inspector and never seen by the others A package from London is ignored by the first two inspectors so it s seen by the third inspector In the same way filter sets apply their filters in a pa
11. 1 199 211 211 17 0 0 0 0 TCP 23 Yes No To understand this particular filter look at the parts of a filter Security 11 7 Parts of a filter A filter consists of criteria based on packet attributes A typical filter can match a packet on any one of the following attributes m The source IP address where the packet was sent from m The destination IP address where the packet is going m The type of highertayer Internet protocol the packet is carrying such as TCP or UDP Port numbers A filter can also match a packet s port number attributes but only if the filter s protocol type is set to TCP or UDP since only those protocols use port numbers The filter can be configured to match the following m The source port number the port on the sending host that originated the packet m The destination port number the port on the receiving host that the packet is destined for By matching on a port number a filter can be applied to selected TCP or UDP services such as Telnet FTP and World Wide Web The following tables show a few common services and their associated port numbers Internet service TCP port Internet service TCP port FTP 20 21 Finger 79 Telnet 23 World Wide Web 80 SMTP mail 25 News 144 Gopher 70 rlogin 513 Internet service UDP port Internet service UDP port Who Is 43 AppleTalk Routing 202 Maintenance at rtmp World Wide Web 80 AppleTalk Name Binding 202 at nbp SNMP 161 A
12. Multiple Network Address Translation 9 27 Enter your ISP supplied values as shown below Connection Profile 1 Easy Setup Profile Connection Profile Name Easy Setup Profile Address Translation Enabled Yes IP Addressing Numbered Local WAN IP Address 206 1 1 6 Local WAN IP Mask 255 255 255 248 PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Enter a subnet mask in decimal and dot form XXX XXX XXX XXX Enter basic information about your WAN connection with this screen Select NEXT SCREEN and press Return Your IP values are shown here Easy Setup Ethernet IP Address Ethernet Subnet Mask Domain Name Primary Domain Name Server Secondary Domain Name Server Default IP Gateway IP Address Serving umber of Client IP Addresses lst Client Address PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Set up the basic IP amp IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen Then navigate to the Network Address Translation NAT screen Main System IP Network Address Menu Configuration Setup gt Translation NAT 9 28 User s Reference Guide Select Show Change Public Range then Easy PAT Range and press Return Enter the value your ISP assigned for your public address 206 1 1 6 in this example Toggle Type to pat Your public address is then mapped to the remaining private IP addresses using PAT If you wer
13. Netopia 4541 4542 will reboot and its settings will return to the factory defaults deleting your configurations In an emergency you can also use the Reset switch to return the router to its factory default settings Call Netopia Technical Support for instructions on using the Reset switch Note Reset to factory defaults with caution You will need to reconfigure all of your settings in the router If you lose your password and are unable to access the console screens you can manually reset the router in an emergency See Appendix A Troubleshooting Utilities and Diagnostics 13 7 Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP is a method of transferring data over an IP network TFTP is a client server application with the router as the client To use the Netopia 4541 4542 as a TFTP client a TFTP server must be available Netopia Inc has a public access TFTP server on the Internet where you can obtain the latest firmware versions To use TFTP select Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP in the Statistics amp Diagnostics screen and press Return The Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP screen appears Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP TFTP Server Name Firmware File Name GET ROUTER FIRMWARE Config File Name GET CONFIG FROM SERVER SEND CONFIG TO SERVER P Transfer Stat Idl P Cur
14. Select ADD SCHEDULED CONNECTION to save the current scheduled connection Select CANCEL to exit the Add Scheduled Connection screen without saving the new scheduled connection WAN and System Configuration 7 13 Modifying a scheduled connection To modify a scheduled connection select Display Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections Select a scheduled connection from the table and press Return The Change Scheduled Connection screen appears The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Scheduled Connection screen except that ADD SCHEDULED CONNECTION and CANCEL do not appear To find out how to set them see Adding a scheduled connection on page 7 10 Deleting a scheduled connection To delete a scheduled connection select Delete Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen to display a table of scheduled connections Select a scheduled connection from the table and press the Return key to delete it To exit the table without deleting the selected scheduled connection press the Escape key System configuration screens You can connect to the Netopia 4541 4542 s system configuration screens in either of two ways m By using Telnet with the Router s Ethernet port IP address m Through the console port using a local terminal see Connecting a console cable to your router on page 5 3 You can also retrieve the Netopia 4541
15. Static configuration optional eee 3 3 Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh Computers sasse 345 Dynamic configuration recommended 345 Static configuration optional eee 34 Chapter 4 Connecting to Your Local Area Network sse 4 1 Readying computers on your local network ccecce 4 1 Connecting to an Ethernet network 4 2 Chapter 5 Console Based Management ceteeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5 1 Connecting through a Telnet S SSION eee eeeeeeeeteteeeeees 5 2 Configuring Telnet Software neee 5 3 Connecting a console cable to your router seen 5 3 Navigating through the console screens ccecce 54 Chapter 6 Easy Setup oo teeta 6 1 EASY Set p console SCKESNS eiieeii aaa 6 1 Accessing the Easy Setup console screens 6 1 Quick Easy Setup Connection path cccecesseeseeesseseeeees 6 2 DSE Line COMMQUPALION zsiros 6 3 Easy Setup PRONG ssia 64 User s Reference Guide IP EASY S GUD nianna 65 Easy Setup Security Configuration eeeee 6 7 Chapter 7 WAN and System Configuration eee 7 1 WAN CONMGUPSEO isnin 7 1 Creating a new Connection Profile eec 74 The Cea lt prone sonipes R 7 7 IP parameters default profile screen ccnn 738 Scheduled CONNECTIONS operaene 7 8 Viewing scheduled connections serere 79 Adding a scheduled connection s e 7 10 Set Weekly Schedule nn 7 11 Set Once Only Schedule eee 7 12 Modifying a scheduled connection seee 7 13 Deleting a scheduled connection s e
16. The ISP s connection to the Internet If the connection from the computer to the router was not successful verify that the following conditions are in effect m The Netopia 4541 4542 is turned on m An Ethernet cable connects your PC s Ethernet card or built in Ethernet port to the Netopia 4541 4542 m Telnet is available on your PC or Macintosh On a PC it must be specified in your system path You can usually find the application as c windows telnet exe m Your PC or Macintosh is properly configured for TCP IP m Your PC or Macintosh has an IP address m Your PC or Macintosh has a subnet mask that matches or is compatible with the Netopia 4541 4542 s subnet mask Note If you are attempting to modify the IP address or subnet mask from a previous successful configuration attempt you will need to clear the IP address or reset your Netopia 4541 4542 to the factory default before reinitiating the configuration process For further information on resetting your Netopia 4541 4542 to factory default see How to reset the router to factory defaults on page A 3 A 2 User s Reference Guide Console connection problems Can t see the configuration screens nothing appears m Make sure the cable connection from the Netopia 4541 4542 s console port to the computer being used as a console is securely connected m Make sure the terminal emulation software is accessing the correct port on the computer that s being used
17. apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le pr sent appareil num rique n met pas de bruits radio lectriques d passant les limites applicables aux appareils num riques de la classe A prescrites dans le R glement sur le brouillage radio lectrique dict par le ministere des Communications du Canada Declaration for Canadian users The Canadian Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operation and safety requirements The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user s satisfaction Before installing this equipment users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunications company The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection Insome cases the company s inside wiring associated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of a certified connector assembly telephone extension cord The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations Repairs to the certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment or equipment malfunctions may give the telecommunic
18. m Current DSL Status m LED Status 12 2 User s Reference Guide General status Quick View 10 11 2001 07 31 26 AM Default IP Gateway 2020 s CPU Load 4 Unused Memory 6044 KB Primary DNS Server 0 0 Secondary DNS Server 0 0 0 Domain Name Netopia com MAC Address IP Address Ethernet Hub 00 00 c5 ff 70 00 192 168 1 1 ATM ADSL WAN 00 00 c5 ff 70 02 0 0 0 0 Current DSL Status Rate SUse Remote Address Est More Info 1536 10 IP 92 163 4 1 Lcl NAT 192 163 100 6 kView ED Status ERROR F F F LEDS Off G Green R Red Y Yellow Current Date The current date this can be set with the Date and Time utility see Date and time on page 7 16 Default IP Gateway The router s default gateway which may be either manually configured or learned via DHCP This is the value you assigned in the Default IP Gateway field on page 6 6 If you are using the router s defaults DHCP and NAT this value will be 0 0 0 0 If you have assigned an IP address as your default gateway it is shown here CPU Load Percentage of the system s resources being used by all current transmissions Unused Memory The total remaining system memory available for use Primary DNS Server If you are using the router s defaults DHCP and NAT this value will be 0 0 0 0 If you have assigned an IP address as your primary default gateway it is shown here Secondary DNS Server If yo
19. the previous step 3 Press the Down arrow key until the editable field labeled Domain Name is highlighted 4 Type the Domain Name your ISP gave you Press Return The next field Primary Domain Name Server will be highlighted 5 Type the Primary Domain Name Server address your ISP gave you Press Return A new field Secondary Domain Name Server will appear If your ISP gave you a secondary domain name server address enter it here Press Return until the next field Default IP Gateway is highlighted 6 If you do not enter a Default IP Gateway value the router defaults to the remote IP address you entered in the Easy Setup connection profile If the Netopia Router does not recognize the destination of any IP traffic it forwards that traffic to this gateway Do not confuse the remote IP address and the Default IP Gateway s address with the block of local IP addresses you receive from your ISP You use the local IP addresses for the Netopia 4541 4542 s Ethernet port and for IP clients on your local network The remote IP address and the default gateway s IP address should point to your ISP s router Easy Setup 6 7 7 Toggle IP Address Serving to On or Off depending on whether you want the device s IP address server to supply dynamic IP addresses to your client workstations Normally you would accept the default On so that workstations on your LAN can have IP addresses assigned dynamically from the router 8 The IP address serve
20. to your public address These map lists are bound to the Easy Setup Profile See Binding Map Lists and Server Lists on page 9 20 This is all you need to do if you want to continue to use a Single PAT or 1 to many NAT configuration Server Lists and Dynamic NAT configuration You use the advanced NAT feature sets by first defining a series of mapping rules and then grouping them into a list There are two kinds of lists map lists made up of dynamic PAT and static mapping rules and server lists a list of internal services to be presented to the external world Creating these lists is a four step process 1 Define the public range of addresses that external computers should use to get to the NAT internal machines These are the addresses that someone on the Internet would see 2 Create a List name that will act as a rule or server holder 3 Create a map or rule that specifies the internal range of NATed addresses and the external range they are to be associated with 4 Associate the Map or Server List to your WAN interface via a Connection Profile or the Default Profile The three NAT features all operate completely independently of each other although they can be used simultaneously on the same Connection Profile Multiple Network Address Translation 9 7 You can configure a simple 1 to many PAT often referred to simply as NAT mapping using Easy Setup More complex setups require configuration using the Network Address Transl
21. 0 0 0 m Source IP Address Mask 0 0 0 0 m Dest IP Address a b c d m Dest IP Address Mask 255 255 255 255 m Protocol Type TCP m Source Port Comparison No Compare m Source Port ID 0 m Dest Port Comparison Equal m Dest Port ID 21 Note A similar filter could be used to permit Telnet or WWW access Set the Dest Port ID to 23 for Telnet or to 80 for WWW Note Deleting a filter set does not delete the filters in that set However the filters in the deleted set are no longer in effect unless they are part of another set The deleted set will no longer appear in the answer profile or any connection profiles to which it was added Firewall tutorial General firewall terms Filter rule A filter set is comprised of individual filter rules Filter set A grouping of individual filter rules Firewall A component or set of components that restrict access between a protected network and the Internet or between two networks Host A workstation on the network Packet Unit of communication on the Internet Packet filter Packet filters allow or deny packets based on source or destination IP addresses TCP or UDP ports or the TCP ACK bit Port A number that defines a particular type of service Basic IP packet components Security 11 21 All IP packets contain the same basic header information as follows Source IP Address 163 176 132 118 Destination IP Address 163 176 4 27 Source Port 2
22. 4542 s configuration information and remotely set its parameters using the Simple Network Management Protocol see SNMP on page 12 9 Open a Telnet connection to the router s IP address for example 192 168 1 1 7 14 User s Reference Guide The console screen will open to the Main Menu similar to the screen shown below Netopia Router Easy Setup WAN Configuration System Configuration Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs Quick Menus Quick View Return Enter goes to Easy Setup minimal configuration You always start from this main screen Navigating through the system configuration screens To help you find your way to particular screens some sections in this guide begin with a graphical path guide similar to the following example Main System Menu Configuration m IP Setup This particular path guide shows how to get to the Network Protocols Setup screens The path guide represents these steps 1 Beginning in the Main Menu select System Configuration and press Return The System Configuration screen appears 2 Select IP Setup and press Return The IP Setup screen appears To go back in this sequence of screens use the Escape key WAN and System Configuration 7 15 System configuration features The Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router s default settings may be all you need to configure your Netopia 4541 4542 Some users however requi
23. 7 13 System configuration SCre NS eee 7 13 Navigating through the system configuration screens 7 14 System configuration features eee 7 15 IP SOLU e EA E E E A A T 7 16 Filter sets firewalls srnniiisciiriitonnasisiniartorsiaa 7 16 P address SOFVING siisii naraka 7 16 Date and ti MMesas ossancivzinietamoaedeessausmacearieacaionss 7 16 Console CONTOUFALION sscccssesccatsanesaensdacedteusiieacsaas 7 17 SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol 7 17 SENO eE nN 7 18 Upgrade feature Set 0 0 eects 7 18 LOG GUNG naand no SE 7 18 Installing the Syslog client cene 7 19 Chapter 8 IP Se tup adda aaa 8 1 IP SiCUU Ds E E E E E E E E T E 8 2 fS E E A AEE AE E 84 Static POULES caiscriasisdscadiniesmaduneeeriulasinehtiadectianieas 86 IP Addres Sy SOF VIG nissana ateutacancettadt 8 10 Contents 3 IP Address POO lS mcscsisniteciisnivanaanicameiundvaniannetanes 8 13 DACP NetBIOS OPIONS cisminin 8 15 More Address Serving Options 8 17 Configuring the IP Address Server options 8 18 DACP Relay Age itiscsiasiensncshasvecaaiiraiiaaaisateandeniiadiasetaans 8 23 Connection PROME YS siccvessavsesnans cosnaswilsadadaceaccesraxaueranteanen 8 25 Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation 008 9 1 OVE I WIC Wenas 9 1 PE ALUTES van ssancantasiundainawandtraaenainiuadagaiaslaalisiantnas 9 1 Supported WANN Cs nts susreneciseacrsiniarceatmrbacsdisuarcrasaaee 95 MultiNAT Configuratio aaiae 9
24. Address Serving screen press Escape m To enable BootP s address serving capability select Serve BOOTP Clients and toggle to Yes Note Addresses assigned through BootP are permanently allocated from the IP Address Serving pool until you release them To release these addresses navigate back to the Main Menu then Statistics amp Logs Served IP Addresses and Lease Management Main Menu p Statistics amp Logs c p Served IP Addresses m Lease Management IP Setup 8 17 IP Address Lease Management Reset All Leases Release BootP Leases Reclaim Declined Addresses ER you will return to the previous screen Select Release BootP Leases and press Return Back in IP Address Serving the Serve Dynamic WAN Clients toggle More Address Serving Options The Netopia 4541 4542 includes a number of enhancements in the built in DHCP IP address server These enhancements include The ability to exclude one or more IP addresses from the address serving pool so the addresses will not be served to clients The ability to reserve a particular IP address for a client with a particular Ethernet MAC address The ability to view the host name associated with a client to which the router has leased an IP address The ability for the router s Ethernet IP address es to overlap the DHCP address serving pool s The ability to serve as a DHCP Relay Agent
25. Dynamic WAN clients are automatically enabled The IP Address Serving Mode pop up menu allows you to choose the way in which the Netopia 4541 4542 will serve IP addresses The device can act as either a DHCP Server or a DHCP Relay Agent See DHCP Relay Agent on page 8 23 for more information In most cases you will use the device to serve its own pool of IP addresses hence DHCP Server is the default Address serving can also be disabled Select Number of Client IP Addresses and enter the total number of contiguous IP addresses that the Netopia 4541 4542 will distribute to the client machines on your local area network Twelve user models are limited to twelve IP addresses In the screen example shown above five Client IP addresses have been allocated Select 1st Client Address and enter the first client IP address that you will allocate to your first client machine For instance on your local area network you may want to first figure out which machines are going to be allocated specific static IP addresses so that you can determine the pool of IP addresses that you will be serving addresses from via DHCP BootP and or Dynamic WAN Example Your ISP has given your Netopia 4541 4542 the IP address 192 168 6 137 with a subnet mask of 255 255 255 248 The subnet mask allocated will give you six IP addresses to use when connecting to the ISP over the Internet Your address range will be from 137 143 In this example you would enter 19
26. ICMP traffic to permit devices on the WAN to ping devices on the LAN Ping is an Internet service that is useful for diagnostic purposes Input filters 4 and 5 These filters forward all TCP and UDP traffic respectively when the destination port is greater than 1023 This type of traffic generally does not allow a remote host to connect to the LAN using one of the potentially intrusive Internet services such as Telnet FTP and WWW Security 11 19 Output filter 1 This filter forwards all outgoing traffic to make sure that no outgoing connections from the LAN are blocked Basic Firewall is suitable for a LAN containing only client hosts that want to access servers on the WAN but not for a LAN containing servers providing services to clients on the WAN Basic Firewall s general strategy is to explicitly forward WAN originated TCP and UDP traffic to ports greater than 1023 Ports lower than 1024 are the service origination ports for various Internet services such as FTP Telnet and the World Wide Web WWW A more complicated filter set would be required to provide WAN access to a LAN based server See the next section Possible modifications for ways to allow remote hosts to use services provided by servers on the LAN Possible modifications You can modify the sample filter set Basic Firewall to allow incoming traffic using the examples below These modifications are not intended to be combined Each modification is to be the only o
27. Netopia 4541 4542 to your computer for serial console communication use a console cable appropriate to your platform m ADB 9 connector end attaches to a PC m Amini DIN8 connector end attaches to a Macintosh computer depending on your computer s serial bus type Since Macintosh computers have different serial bus connectors you will need a mini DIN8 to DB 9 adapter These are available from a variety of third party manufacturers m ADB end of the Console cable attaches to the Netopia 4541 4542 s Console port m If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows 95 98 2000 or NT you can use the HyperTerminal application bundled with the operating system m f you connect a Macintosh computer you can use the ZTerm terminal emulation program on the supplied Netopia 4541 4542 CD 5 4 User s Reference Guide Launch your terminal emulation software and configure the communications software for the values shown in the table below These are the default communication parameters that the Netopia 4541 4542 uses Parameter Suggested Value Terminal type PC ANSI BBS Mac ANSI VT 100 or VT 200 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Speed 9600 57600 bits per second Flow Control None Note The router firmware contains an autobaud detection feature If you are at any screen on the serial console you can change your baud rate and press Return HyperTerminal for the PC requires a disconnect The new baud rate is disp
28. Parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape For more information see IP Setup on page 8 2 8 Select COMMIT and press Return Your new Connection Profile will be added If you want to view the Connection Profiles in your device return to the WAN Configuration screen and select Display Change Connection Profile The list of Connection Profiles is displayed in a scrolling pop up screen WAN Configuration Profile Nam IP Address Easy Setup Profile 2592292993299 Profile 1 0 0 0 0 WAN and System Configuration 7 7 The default profile If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation the Default Profile screen controls whether or not the ADSL link will come up without an explicitly configured connection profile PPP datalink encapsulation does not support a default profile and the corresponding menu item is unavailable See Connection Profiles on page 8 25 for more information You access the Default Profile screen from the Main Menu by selecting WAN Configuration and then selecting Default Profile Main WAN WAN Menu 5 Configuration Default Profile The Default Profile screen appears WAN Default Profile Must Match a Defined Profile No IP Parameters m You can set Must Match a Defined Profile item to Yes or No the default This item controls whether or not the ADSL link will come up without an exp
29. Profile on page 10 16 m VPN QuickView on page 10 17 m Dial Up Networking for VPN on page 10 18 m Installing the VPN Client on page 10 21 m Allowing VPNs through a Firewall on page 10 23 Overview When you make a long distance telephone call from your home to a relative far away you are creating a private network You can hold a conversation and exchange information about the happenings on opposite sides of the state or the continent that you are mutually interested in When your next door neighbor picks up the phone to call her daughter at college at the same time you are talking to your relatives your calls don t overlap but each is separate and private Neither house has a direct wire to the places they call Both share the same lines on the telephone poles or underground on the street These calls are virtual private networks Virtual because they appear to be direct connections between the calling and answering parties even though they travel over the public wires and switches of the phone company private because neither pair of calling and answering parties interacts with the other and networks because they exchange information Computers can do the same thing it s called Virtual Private Networks VPNs Equipped with a Netopia 4541 4542 a single computer or private network LAN can establish a private connection with another computer or private network over the public network Internet The Netopia 4541 4542
30. See SNMP on page 12 9 m Security See Security on page 11 1 m Upgrade feature set See Upgrade feature set on page 7 18 The Utilities amp Diagnostics menus provide a selection of seven tools for monitoring and diagnosing the router s behavior as well as for updating the firmware and rebooting the system See Utilities and Diagnostics on page 13 1 for detailed information The Statistics amp Logs menus display nine sets of tables and device logs that show information about your router your network and their history See Statistics amp Logs on page 12 4 for detailed information The Quick Menus screen is a shortcut entry point to 22 of the most commonly used configuration menus that are accessed through the other menu entry points The Quick View menu displays at a glance current real time operating information about your router See Quick View status overview on page 12 1 for detailed information Connecting through a Telnet session Features of the Netopia 4541 4542 can be configured through the console screens Before you can access the console screens through Telnet you must have A network connection locally to the router or IP access to the router Note Alternatively you can have a direct serial console cable connection using the provided console cable for your platform PC or Macintosh and the Console port on the back of the router For more information on attaching the console cabl
31. Select TCP IP gt Your Network Card Then select Properties In the TCP IP Properties screen select the IP Address tab Click Specify an IP Address Enter the following IP Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 or for 12 user models 255 255 255 240 This address is an example of one that can be used to configure the router Your ISP or network administrator may ask you to use a different IP address and subnet mask 3 4 User s Reference Guide 3 Click on the Gateway tab shown below Under New gateway enter 192 168 1 1 Click Add This is the Netopia 4541 4542 s pre assigned IP address Click on the DNS Configuration tab Click Enable DNS Enter the following information Host Type the name you want to give to this computer Domain Type your domain name If you don t have a domain name type your ISP s domain name for example netopia com DNS Server Search Order Type the primary DNS IP address given to you by your ISP Click Add Repeat this process for the San DNS Domain Suffix Search Order Enter the same domain name you entered above 4 Click OK in this window and the next window When prompted reboot the computer Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address Sharing the Connection 3 5 Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh Comp
32. The Netopia 4541 4542 supports reserving an IP address only for a type 1 client identifier i e an Ethernet hardware address It does not support reserving an IP address for an arbitrary client identifier For more information on client identifiers see RFC 2131 section 9 14 8 18 User s Reference Guide Configuring the IP Address Server options To access the enhanced DHCP server functions from the Main Menu navigate to Statistics amp Logs and then Served IP Addresses Main o Served IP Menu Statistics amp Logs Addresses The following example shows the Served IP Addresses screen after three clients have leased IP addresses The first client did not provide a Host Name in its DHCP messages the second and third clients did Served IP Addresses IP Address Expires Host Name Client Identifier SCROLL UP EN 00 00 C5 70 00 04 Bill s Pentium Steve s Power Mac 192 1 SCROLL DOWN Lease Management The rightmost column displays the host name supplied by the client if one was provided otherwise it displays the client identifier If a host name is displayed the client identifier is still accessible in a Details pop up menu See below Note The server does not query the client for its host name Macintosh computers running versions of MacOS prior to MacOS version 8 5 OT 2 0 1 TCP IP 2 0 1 do not supply a host name option in their DHCP messages so no host nam
33. Windows Setup screen Click the OK button 6 Respond to the prompts to install Dial Up Networking from the system disks or CDROM 7 When prompted reboot your PC Creating a new Dial Up Networking profile A Dial Up Networking profile is like an address book entry that contains the information and parameters you need for a secure private connection You can create this profile by using either the Internet Connection Wizard or the Make New Connection feature of Dial Up Networking The following instructions tell you how to create the profile with the Make New Connection feature Do the following 1 Double click the My Computer or whatever you have named it icon on your desktop Open the Dial Up Networking folder and then double click Make New Connection The Make New Connection wizard window appears 2 Type a name for this connection such as the name of your company or the computer you are dialing into From the pull down menu select the device you intend to use for the virtual private network connection This can be any device you have installed or connected to your PC Click the Next button A screen appears with fields for you to enter telephone numbers for the computer you want to connect to 3 Type the directory number or the Virtual Circuit Identifier number This number is provided by your ISP or corporate administrator Depending on the type of device you are using the number may or may not resemble an ordinary telephone di
34. a port range export Without the export CUSeeMe will fail to work This is true unless a static mapping is in place for the host using CUSeeMe In that case no server list entry is necessary Multiple Network Address Translation 9 17 Modifying server lists Once a server list exists you can select it for modification or deletion m Select Show Change Server List from the Network Address Translation screen m Select the Server List Name you want to modify from the pop up menu and press Return Network Address Translation NAT Server List Name my_servers A S D A S D A S D Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to The Show Change NAT Server List screen appears Show Change NAT Server List Server List Name my_servers Add Server Show Change Server Delete Server 9 18 User s Reference Guide m Selecting Show Change Server or Delete Server displays the same pop up menu Show Change NAT Server List Address Public Address Port 192 1 206 14 1 smtp F923 a 20G Lely smtp 192 ols 206211 smtp 192 1 206 1 1 smtp 192 1 206a LaTi smtp Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to Select any server from the list and press Return The Change NAT Server screen appears Change NAT Server My Exports Service smtp Server Private IP Address 192 168 1 254 Public IP Address 206 1 1 1
35. address and subnet mask fields to indicate that you can edit the values in this row to configure an additional subnet All eight row labels are always visible regardless of the number of subnets configured m To add an IP subnet enter the Netopia 4541 4542 s IP address on the subnet in the IP Address field in a particular row and the subnet mask for the subnet in the Subnet Mask field in that row IP Setup 8 5 For example IP Subnets IP Address Subnet Mask 192 128 117 162 259429942990 192 128 152 162 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Oo A Dn oO FF WB NY FP m To delete a configured subnet set both the IP address and subnet mask values to 0 0 0 0 either explicitly or by clearing each field and pressing Return to commit the change When a configured subnet is deleted the values in subsequent rows adjust up to fill the vacant fields The subnets configured on this screen are tied to the address serving pools configured on the IP Address Pools screen and that changes on this screen may affect the IP Address Pools screen In particular deleting a subnet configured on this screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool if any on the IP Address Pools screen 8 6 User s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ethernet IP subnets the IP Setup screen changes slightly IP Setup Subnet Configuration Default IP Gateway 192 128 117 163 Primary Domain Name Server 0 0 0 0 Secondary Domain Name S
36. allows you to define IP addresses and masks for additional subnets See IP subnets on page 84 for details IP Setup 8 3 The Netopia 4541 4542 supports multiple IP subnets on the Ethernet interface You may want to configure multiple IP subnets to service more hosts than are possible with your primary subnet It is not always possible to obtain a larger subnet from your ISP For example if you already have a full Class C subnet your only option is multiple Class C subnets since it is virtually impossible to justify a Class A or Class B assignment If you are using NAT you can use the reserved Class A or Class B subnet Select Default IP Gateway and enter the IP address for a default gateway This can be the address of any major router accessible to the Netopia 4541 4542 A default gateway should be able to successfully route packets when the Netopia 4541 4542 doesn t know how to route to the intended recipient s IP address Typically a default gateway is the ISP s router Select Primary Domain Name Server and enter the IP address for a domain name server The domain name server matches the alphabetic addresses favored by people for example robin hood com to the IP addresses actually used by IP routers for example 163 7 8 202 If a secondary DNS server is available select Secondary Domain Name Server and enter its IP address The secondary DNS server is used by the Netopia 4541 4542 when the primary DNS server is inacces
37. and control purposes This section covers the following topics m Ping on page 13 2 m Trace Route on page 134 m Telnet client on page 13 5 m Factory defaults on page 134 m Transferring configuration and firmware files with TFTP on page 13 7 m Transferring configuration and firmware files with XMODEM on page 13 9 m Restarting the system on page 13 12 Note These utilities and tests are accessible only through the console based management screens See Chapter 5 Console Based Management for information on accessing the console based management screens You access the Utilities amp Diagnostics screens from the Main Menu Utilities amp Diagnostics Pinge ss Trace Route Telnet Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP X Modem File Transfer Restart System Revert to Factory Defaults 13 2 User s Reference Guide Ping The Netopia 4541 4542 Router includes a standard Ping test utility A Ping test generates IP packets destined for a particular Ping capable IP host Each time the target host receives a Ping packet it returns a packet to the original sender Ping allows you to see whether a particular IP destination is reachable from the Netopia 4541 4542 You can also ascertain the quality and reliability of the connection to the desired destination by studying the Ping test s statistics In the Utilities amp Diagnostic screen select Ping and press Retur
38. appears Add Scheduled Connection Scheduled Connection Enable On How Often Weekly Schedule Type Forced Set Weekly Schedule Use Connection Profile ADD SCHEDULED CONNECTION CANCEL Scheduled Connections dial remote Networks on a Weekly or Once Only basis Follow these steps to configure the new scheduled connection To activate the connection select Scheduled Connection Enable and toggle it to On You can make the scheduled connection inactive by toggling Scheduled Connection Enable to Off Decide how often the connection should take place by selecting How Often and choosing Weekly or Once Only from the pop up menu The Schedule Type allows you to set the exact weekly schedule or once only schedule Options are m Forced Up meaning that this connection will be maintained whether or not there is a demand call on the line m Forced Down meaning that this connection will be torn down or blocked whether or not there is a WAN and System Configuration 7 11 demand call on the line m Demand Allowed meaning that this schedule will permit a demand call on the line m Demand Blocked meaning that this schedule will prevent a demand call on the line m Periodic meaning that the connection is retried several times during the scheduled time m If How Often is set to Weekly the item directly below How Often reads Set Weekly Schedule If How Often is set to Once Only the item directly below How Oft
39. can be used in VPNs either to initiate the connection or to answer it When used in this way the routers are said to be tunnelling through the public network Internet The advantages are that like your long distance phone call you don t need a direct line between one computer or LAN and the other but use the local connections making it much cheaper and the information you exchange through your tunnel is private and secure 10 2 User s Reference Guide Tunneling is a process of creating a private path between a remote user or private network and another private network over some intermediate network such as the IP based Internet A VPN allows remote offices or employees access to your internal business LAN through means of encryption allowing the use of the public Internet to look virtually like a private secure network When two networks communicate with each other through a network based on the Internet Protocol they are said to be tunneling through the IP network Logical a Equivalent in Unlike the phone company private and public computer networks can use more than one protocol to carry your information over the wires Three such protocols are in common use for tunnelling Point to Point Tunnelling Protocol PPTP Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol ATMP and IP Security IPsec The Netopia Router can use any one Point to Point Tunneling Protocol PPTP is an extension of Point to Point Protocol PPP and uses a cl
40. com com com com com com 2 14 06 tsnext netopia com 624 Remot mode mode 1 00000 168 1 10 10 10 10 10 10 001 wal 14 14 14 14 14 14 tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext tsnext 1 netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia 06 tsnext netopia com ay 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com 5 10 14 06 tsnext netopia com D gt gt gt gt P 14 06 tsnext netopia com Rec vice restarted PES WAN Connect Confirmed to our DN 5108645534 PPP PPP NCP up session 1 Channel 1 Final fallback ived Speech Setup Ind from DN not supplied Requested Connect to our DN 5108645534 ASY C Modem carrier detected more Modem reports 26400 56K Modem 1 activated at 115 Kbps Channel 1 up Answer Profile name Default Profile PAP we accepted remote Channel 1 Remote name guest PPP MP negotiated session 1 Remote EDO 06 03 PPP CCP negotiated session 1 type Ascend LZS Local PPP BACP negotiated session 1 Local MN FFFFFFFF Remote PPP IPCP negotiated session 1 rem 192 168 10 100 local com gt gt WAN 56K Modem 1 deactivated Received Clear Ind from DN 5108645534 Cause 0 Issued Clear Response to DN 5108645534 Link 1 down Remote clearing com com com com PPP IPCP down session 1 com gt gt Received Speech Setup Ind from DN not supplied 7 20 User s Refer
41. define multiple PAT mappings which can be individually mapped to different public IP addresses This offers more control over the access permitted to users on the LAN A limitation of PAT is that communication must be initiated from the internal network A user on the external side cannot access a machine behind a PAT connection A PAT enhancement introduced in firmware version 4 4 is the ability to define multiple PAT mappings Each of these can optionally map to a section or range of IP addresses of the internal network PAT mapping allows only internal users to initiate traffic flow between the internal and external networks Server lists Server lists previously known as exported services make it possible to provide access from the public network to hosts on the LAN Server lists allow you to define particular services such as Web ftp or e mail which are available via a public IP address You define the type of service you would like to make available and the internal IP address to which you would like to provide access You may also define a specific public IP address to use for this service if you want to use an IP other than the WAN IP address of the Netopia Router Static mapping If you want to host your own Website or provide other Internet services to the public you need more than classic NAT The reason is noted under Port Address Translation above external users cannot initiate traffic to computers on your LAN because external
42. is a TCP IP service that allows remote terminals to access hosts on an IP network The Netopia 4541 4542 supports Telnet access to its configuration screens Caution You should consider password protecting or restricting Telnet access to the Netopia 4541 4542 if you suspect there is a chance of tampering To password protect the configuration screens select Easy Setup from the Main Menu and go to the Easy Setup Security Configuration screen By entering a name and password pair in this screen all access via serial Telnet SNMP and Web server will be password protected 11 4 User s Reference Guide To restrict Telnet access select Security in the Advanced Configuration menu The Security Options screen will appear There are two levels of Telnet restriction available m To restrict Telnet access to the SNMP screens select Enable Telnet Access to SNMP Screens and toggle it to No See SNMP traps on page 12 11 m To restrict Telnet access to all of the configuration screens select Enable Telnet Console Access and toggle it to No About filters and filter sets Security should be a high priority for anyone administering a network connected to the Internet Using packet filters to control network communications can greatly improve your network s security The Netopia 4541 4542 s packet filters are designed to provide security for the Internet connections made to and from your network You can customize the router s filter s
43. left Check Dial Up Networking at the top of the list and Virtual Private Networking at the bottom of the list Click OK at the bottom right on each screen until you return to the Control Panel Close the Control Panel by clicking the upper right corner X Double click the My Computer icon normally at the left upper corner of the screen This will display the devices within My Computer Scroll down the list to Dial Up Networking and double click it Double click Make New Connection This displays the Make New Connection installation screen In this screen you will see a box labelled Select a device From the pull down menu to the right select Microsoft VPN Adapter Click the Next button at the bottom of the screen This displays the VPN Host screen In the box to the top center of the screen enter your VPN server s IP address for example 192 168 xxx xxx This is not a proper Internet address Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 23 Connecting using Dial Up Networking A Dial Up Networking connection will be automatically launched whenever you run a TCP IP application such as a web browser or email client When you first run the application a Connect To dialog box appears in which you enter your User name and Password If you check the Save password checkbox the system will remember your User name and Password and you won t be prompted for them again Allowing VPNs through a Firewall An administrator interested in securing a n
44. lt _ 7 192 168 1 1 252 LAN Users 1 Many PAT 1 1 Dynamic 206 1 2 1 6 lt d w 192 168 1 1 252 LAN Users possible later T Multiple Network Address Translation 9 5 In order to support this type of mapping you define two address ranges First you define a public range which contains the first and last public address to be used and the way in which these addresses should be used PAT static or dynamic You then configure an address map which defines the private IP address or addresses to be used and which public range they should be mapped to You add the address map to the list of address maps which are configured creating a map list The mappings in the map list are order dependent and are compared in order from the top of the list to the bottom If a particular resource is not available subordinate mappings can be defined that will redirect traffic Supported traffic MultiNat supports the following IP protocols m PAT TCP UDP traffic which does not carry source or destination IP addresses or ports in the data stream i e HTTP Telnet r commands tftp NFS NTP SMTP NNTP etc m Static NAT All IP protocol traffic which does not carry or otherwise rely on the source or destination IP addresses in the data stream m Dynamic NAT All IP protocol traffic which does not carry or otherwise rely on the source or destination IP addresses in the data stream MultiNAT Configu
45. mapping to apply when using this range The types of mapping available are dynamic static and pat Map Lists define collections of mapping rules A rule maps interior range addresses to exterior range addresses by the mapping techniques defined in the map list Server Lists bind internal IP addresses and ports to external IP addresses and ports so that connections initiated from the outside can access an interior server NAT rules The following rules apply to assigning NAT ranges and server lists m Static public address ranges must not overlap other static PAT public addresses or the public address assigned to the router s WAN interface m A PAT public address must not overlap any static address ranges It may be the same as another PAT address or server list address but the port range must not overlap You configure the ranges of exterior addresses by first adding public ranges Select Add Public Range and press Return Multiple Network Address Translation 9 9 The Add NAT Public Range screen appears Add NAT Public Range Range Name my_first_range TYpP 4 pat Public Address 206215156 First Public Port Last Public Port ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE m Select Range Name and give a descriptive name to this range m Select Type and from the pop up menu assign its type Options are static dynamic or pat the default m f you choose pat as the range type select Public Address and enter the exterior IP addre
46. may be built in Ethernet or an add on card with TCP IP installed and configured See Sharing the Connection on page 3 1 m An ADSL wall outlet wired for a connection to a Local Exchange Carrier LEC who supports Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line connections Identify the connectors and attach the cables Identify the connectors and switches on the back panel and attach the necessary Netopia Router cables The figure below displays the back of the Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router Netopia 4541 4542 back panel ADSL port Ethernet port Power port Console port Port Description Power port A mini DIN8 power adapter cable connection Console port A DB 9 console port for a direct serial connection to the console screens You can use this if you are an experienced user See Connecting a console cable to your router on page 5 3 DSL port An RJ 48 jack labeled DSL for your ADSL connection Ethernet port An RJ 45 10 100Base T Ethernet jack You will use this to configure the Netopia 4541 4542 For a new installation use the Ethernet connection Alternatively you can use the console connection to run console based management using a direct serial connection You can either connect your computer directly the Ethernet port using a crossover cable or connect both your computer and the Netopia 4541 4542 to an existing Ethernet hub on your LAN 1 Connect the mini DIN8 connector from the power adapte
47. network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4541 4542 3 6 User s Reference Guide Static configuration optional If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP address perform the following 1 Go to the Apple menu Select Control Panels and then TCP IP or MacTCP 2 With the TCP IP window open go to the Edit menu and select User Mode Choose Advanced and click OK Or in the MacTCP window select Ethernet and click the l bma a Bier akimi TEIT More button im 0 irumi MacTcP LocalTalk LP Address Met Subnet 3 Inthe TCP IP window or in the M the following table Node Chass G Birana 15 8 koiri ask 9Y PS mai Bait Bni 14 B walr Ha r Frem h t iubael Letrwoy Adres Pa L gt a p fhorlagin BF Habia The gn a ar io een Ba acTCP More window select or type information into the fields as shown in Option Select Type Connect via Ethernet Configure Manually IP Address 192 168 1 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 or for 12 user models 255 255 255 240 Router or Gateway address 192 168 1 1 Name server address Enter the primary and secondary name server addresses given to you by your ISP Implicit Search Path Starting domain name Enter your domain name if you do not have a domain name enter the domain name of your ISP 4 Close the TCP IP or M
48. not be forwarded to the LAN The five input filters and one output filter that make up Basic Firewall are shown in the table below Setting Input filter Input filter Input filter Input filter Input filter Output 1 2 3 4 5 filter 1 Enabled Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Forward No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Source IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 address Source IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 address mask Dest IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 address Dest IP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 address mask Protocol type TCP TCP ICMP TCP UDP 0 Source port No No N A No No N A comparison Compare Compare Compare Compare Source port ID 0 0 N A 0 0 N A Dest port Equal Equal N A Greater Greater N A comparison Than Than Dest port ID 2000 6000 N A 1023 1023 N A Basic Firewall s filters play the following roles Input filters 1 and 2 These block WAN originated OpenWindows and X Windows sessions Service origination requests for these protocols use ports 2000 and 6000 respectively Since these are greater than 1023 OpenWindows and X Windows traffic would otherwise be allowed by input filter 4 Input filters 1 and 2 must precede input filter 4 otherwise they would have no effect since filter 4 would have already forwarded OpenWindows and X Windows traffic Input filter 3 This filter explicitly forwards all WAN originated
49. of routers on a packet s route is 15 Setting RIP Metric to 1 means that a route can involve 15 routers while setting it to 15 means a route can only involve one router m Select ADD STATIC ROUTE NOW to save the new static route or select CANCEL to discard it and return to the Static Routes screen m Up to 32 static routes can be created but one is always reserved for the default gateway which is configured using either Easy Setup or the IP Setup screen in system configuration Modifying a static route To modify a static route in the Static Routes screen select Display Change Static Route to display a table of static routes Select a static route from the table and go to the Change Static Route screen The parameters in this screen are the same as the ones in the Add Static Route screen see Adding a static route on page 8 8 Deleting a static route To delete a static route in the Static Routes screen select Delete Static Route to display a table of static routes Select a static route from the table and press Return to delete it To exit the table without deleting the selected static route press Escape Rules of static route installation The Netopia 4541 4542 applies certain rules before installing enabled static routes in the IP routing table An enabled static route will not be installed in the IP routing table if any of the following conditions are true m The static route s Next Gateway IP Address matches an IP address i
50. of the Idle Timeout is strongly encouraged m You must specify a Remote Members Network address This specifies the subnet of the remote IPsec tunnel and will be used with the Remote Members Mask to determine and set the route m You must specify a Remote Members Mask This is the subnet mask of the remote subnet to which the IPsec tunnel will route m You can Specify Address Translation Enabled For more information see Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation If Address Translation Enabled is set to Yes you can specify the following three fields m NAT Map List m NAT Server List m PAT IP Address Note Since there is no protocol to derive this address 0 0 0 0 is not permitted Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 11 Map Lists Server Lists and PAT addresses are described in detail in Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation m You can Specify a Filter Set See About filters and filter sets on page 11 4 m You can remove a Filter Set m You can choose to configure Advanced IP Profile Options see Advanced IP Profile Options in the following section Note The SPI title field above changes to SPI Security Parameters Index Use Advanced IP Profile Options if any of the SPI values differ from each other Advanced IP Profile Options Advanced IP Profile Options ESP Receive SPI 123456789 ESP Transmit SPI 123456789 AH Receive SPI 123456789 AH Transmit SPI 123456789 Local
51. on what equipment is connected to their lines inform them of a The telephone number to which this unit is connected b The ringer equivalence number c The USOC jack required RJ 11C d The FCC Registration Number 14 digits provided by FCC Items b and d are indicated on the label The Ringer Equivalence Number REN is used to determine how many devices can be connected to your telephone line In most areas the sum of the REN s of all devices on any one line should not exceed five 5 0 If too many devices are attached they many not ring properly Service Requirements In the event of equipment malfunction all repairs should be performed by our Company or an authorized agent Under FCC rules no customer is authorized to repair this equipment This restriction applies regardless of whether the equipment is in or our of warranty It is the responsibility of users requiring service to report the need for service to our Company or to one of our authorized agents Service can be obtained at Netopia Inc 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda California 94501 Important This product was tested for FCC compliance under conditions that included the use of shielded cables and connectors between system components Changes or modifications to this product not authorized by the manufacturer could void your authority to operate the equipment Canada This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emission from digital
52. packets received Tx Pkts The number of packets transmitted Rx Err The number of bad Ethernet packets received Tx Err The number of errors occurring when Ethernet packets are transmitted simultaneously by nodes on the LAN Monitoring Tools 12 9 System Information The System Information screen gives a summary view of the general system level values in the Netopia 4541 4542 From the Statistics amp Logs menu select System Information The System Information screen appears System Information Serial Number ff 70 00 16740352 Firmware Version 50d70 Processor Speed MHz 50 Flash ROM Capacity 2 DRAM Capacity MBytes 16 Ethernet Single 10 100 Port WAN Interface ATM ADSL The information display varies by model firmware version feature set and so on You can tell at a glance your particular system configuration SNMP The Netopia 4541 4542 includes a Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP agent allowing monitoring and configuration by a standard SNMP manager The Netopia 4541 4542 supports the following management information base MIB documents m MIB II RFC 1213 m Interface MIB RFC 1229 m Ethernet MIB RFC 1643 m Netopia MIB These MIBs are on the Netopia CustomerCare CD included with the Netopia 4541 4542 Load these MIBs into your SNMP management software in the order they are listed here Follow the instructions included with your SNMP manager on how to load MIBs
53. partner You use the same procedure to initiate a PPTP tunnel that terminates at a remote PPTP server or to terminate a tunnel initiated by a remote PPTP client 10 4 User s Reference Guide PPTP configuration To set up the router as a PPTP Network Server PNS capable of answering PPTP tunnel requests you must also configure the VPN Default Answer Profile See ATMP PPTP Default Profile on page 10 16 for more information PPTP is a Datalink Encapsulation option in Connection Profiles It is not an option in device or link configuration screens as PPTP is not a native encapsulation Consequently the Easy Setup Profile does not offer PPTP datalink encapsulation See the User s Reference Guide for information on creating Connection Profiles Channel 4 and higher events such as connections and disconnections reported in the WAN Event Histories are VPN tunnel events To define a PPTP tunnel navigate to the Add Connection Profile menu from the Main Menu Main WAN Add Connection Menu Configuration Profile Add Connection Profile Profile Name Profile 1 Profile Enabled Data Link Encapsulation PPP Frame Relay RFC1483 ATMP IP Profile Parameters PPTP IPsec Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 5 When you define a Connection Profile as using PPTP by selecting PPTP as the datalink encapsulation method and then select Data Link Options the PPTP Tunnel Options
54. router on page 5 3 or Connecting through a Telnet session on page 5 2 Telnet or the terminal emulation software is configured for the recommended values If you are connecting via the Console port your computer s serial port is not being used by another device such as an internal modem or an application Turn off all other programs other than your terminal emulation program that may be interfering with your access to the port You have entered the correct password if necessary Your Netopia 4541 4542 s console access may be password protected from a previous configuration See your system administrator to obtain the password See Appendix A Troubleshooting for more suggestions Quick Easy Setup connection path If your ISP assigns your Router a Static IP address do the following 1 Open a Telnet session to 192 168 1 1 to bring up the Main Menu If you don t know how to do this see Connecting through a Telnet session on page 5 2 Alternatively you can connect the console cable and open a direct serial console connection using a terminal emulator program See Connecting a console cable to your router on page 5 3 Easy Setup 6 3 The Main Menu appears Netopia Router Easy Setup WAN Configuration System Configuration Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs Quick Menus Quick View 2 Select the first item on the Main Menu list Easy Setup Press R
55. routes select Display Change Static Route The table shown below will appear t Dest Network Subnet Mask Next Gateway Priority Enabled 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 163 176 8 1 Low Yes Select a Static Route to modify The table has the following columns Dest Network The network IP address of the destination network 8 8 User s Reference Guide Subnet Mask The subnet mask associated with the destination network Next Gateway The IP address of the router that will be used to reach the destination network Priority An indication of whether the Netopia 4541 4542 will use the static route when it conflicts with information received from RIP packets Enabled An indication of whether the static route should be installed in the IP routing table To return to the Static Routes screen press Escape Adding a static route To add a new Static route select Add Static Route in the Static Routes screen The Add Static Route screen will appear Add Static Route Static Route Enabled Yes Destination Network IP Address Destination Network Subnet Mask Next Gateway IP Address Route Priority Advertise Route Via RIP ADD STATIC ROUTE NOW Configure a new Static Route in this Screen m To install the static route in the IP routing table select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to Yes To remove the static route from the IP routing table select Static Route Enabled and toggle it to
56. screen appears PPTP Tunnel Options PPTP Partner IP Address 173 167 8 134 Tunnel Via Gateway 0 0 0 0 Authentication CHAP Data Compression None Send Host name tony Send Password RAGE Receive Host name kimba Receive Password AREA Initiate Connections Yes On Demand Yes Optional Windows NT Domain Name Idle Timeout seconds m Enter the PPTP Partner IP Address This specifies the address of the other end of the tunnel If you do not specify the PPTP Partner IP Address the gateway cannot initiate tunnels i e act as a PPTP Access Concentrator PAC for this profile It can only accept tunnel requests as a PPTP Network Server PNS m If you specify the PPTP Partner IP Address and the address is in the same subnet as the Remote IP Address you specified in the IP Profile Parameters the Tunnel Via Gateway option becomes visible You can enter the address by which the gateway partner is reached If you do not specify the PPTP Partner IP Address the router will use the default gateway to reach the partner and the Tunnel Via Gateway field is hidden If the partner should be reached via an alternate port i e the LAN instead of the WAN the Tunnel Via Gateway field allows this path to be resolved From the pop up menu select an Authentication protocol for the PPP connection Options are PAP CHAP or MS CHAP The default is PAP The authentication protocol must be the same on both ends of the tunnel m You c
57. support Before contacting Netopia Look in this guide for a solution to your problem You may find a solution in this troubleshooting appendix or in other sections Check the index for a reference to the topic of concern If you cannot find a solution complete the environment profile below before contacting Netopia Technical Support Environment profile m Locate the Netopia 4541 4542 s model number product serial number and firmware version The serial number is on the bottom of the router along with the model number The firmware version appears in the Netopia 4541 4542 s Main Menu screen Model number Serial number Firmware version m What kind of local network s do you have with how many devices Ethernet TCP IP How to reach us We can help you with your problem more effectively if you have completed the environment profile in the previous section If you contact us by telephone please be ready to supply Netopia Technical Support with the information you used to configure the Netopia 4541 4542 Also please be at the site of the problem and prepared to reproduce it and to try some troubleshooting steps When you are prepared contact Netopia Technical Support by e mail telephone fax or post Internet techs ports netopia com for technical support info netopia com for general information Phone 1 800 782 6449 Fax 1 510 814 5023 Netopia Inc Customer Service 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda California 945
58. the default profile and press Return The server list you selected will now be bound to the default profile Note There is no interdependency between NAT and IP Addressing Also the Local WAN IP Address and Mask fields visibility are dependent only on the IP Addressing type 9 24 User s Reference Guide NAT Associations Configuration of map and server lists alone is not sufficient to enable NAT fora WAN connection because map and server lists must be linked to a profile that controls the WAN interface This can be a Connection Profile a WAN Ethernet interface a default profile or a default answer profile Once you have configured your map and server lists you may want to reassign them to different interface controlling profiles for example Connection Profiles To permit easy access to this IP Setup functionality you can use the NAT Associations screen You access the NAT Associations screen from the Network Address Translation screen Main Menu gt System Configuration Network Address Translation Select NAT Associations and press Return The NAT Associations screen appears NAT Associations Profile Interfac Nam Default Answer Profile Profile 01 Profile 02 Profile 03 Easy Setup Profile ap List Name my_first_map my_second_map my_first_map Server List Name my_servers my_servers my_servers my_server_list lt lt None gt gt m You
59. the filter from the table and press Return to delete it Press Escape to exit the table without deleting the filter Moving filters To reorganize the filters in a filter set select Move Input Filter or Move Output Filter in the Display Change Filter Set screen to display a table of filters Select a filter from the table and press Return Then use the up or down arrow key to change the filter s order in the filter set Press Return to accept the new filter location Deleting a filter set Note If you delete a filter set all of the filters it contains are deleted as well To reuse any of these filters in another set before deleting the current filter set you ll have to note their configuration and then recreate them To delete a filter set select Delete Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen to display a list of filter sets Select a filter set from the list and press Return Select CONTINUE and press Return to delete it A sample filter set This section contains the settings for a filter set called Basic Firewall which is part of the Netopia 4541 4542 s factory configuration 11 18 User s Reference Guide Basic Firewall blocks undesirable traffic originating from the WAN in most cases the Internet but forwards all traffic originating from the LAN It follows the conservative that which is not expressly permitted is prohibited approach unless an incoming packet expressly matches one of the constituent input filters it will
60. tries to connect to the Internet it is allocated a public IP address to use temporarily Once the communication has been terminated that IP address is freed for one of the other six hosts to use Available for Dynamic NAT Used for Normal NAT Ge oe Ree ae an a N N N N NI N N N N N a u a u are D D D D a a a u u a iy iy K iy iy a N WAN Network 9 4 User s Reference Guide Exterior addresses are allocated to internal hosts on a demand or as needed basis and then made available when traffic from that host ceases Once an internal host has been allocated an address it will use that address for all traffic Five minutes after all traffic ceases no pings all TCP connections closed no DNS requests etc the address is put at the head of an available list If an interior host needs an exterior address an hour later and the previously used address is still available it will acquire the same address If an interior host that has not previously been allocated an exterior address needs one it will be allocated the last hence the oldest exterior address on the available list All NAT configurations are rule based This means that traffic passed through NAT from either the public or the private network is compared to the rules and mappings configured in the Netopia Router in a particular order The first rule that applies to the traffic being initiated is used For example if a connection is initiated from the public n
61. 01 USA Netopia Bulletin Board Service 1 510 865 1321 Troubleshooting A 5 Online product information Product information can be found in the following Netopia World Wide Web server via http www netopia com Internet via anonymous FTP to ftp netopia com pub FAX Back This service provides technical notes that answer the most commonly asked questions and offers solutions for many common problems encountered with Netopia products FAX Back 1 510 814 5040 A 6 User s Reference Guide Technical Specifications and Safety Information B 1 Appendix B Technical Specifications and Safety Information Description Dimensions 124 0 cm w x 20 0 cm d x 5 3 cm h 9 4 w x 7 9 d x 2 1 h Communications interfaces The Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router has an RJ 48 jack for DSL connections an RJ 45 10Base T Ethernet port for your LAN connection and a DB 9 Console port Power requirements m 12 VDC input m 1 5 Amps Environment Operating temperature 0 to 40 C Storage temperature 0 to 70 C Relative storage humidity 20 to 80 non condensing Software and protocols Software media Software preloaded on internal flash memory field upgrades done via download to internal flash memory via XMODEM or TFTP Routing TCP IP Internet Protocol Suite RIP WAN support PPP HDLC ATM Security PAP CHAP MS CHAP IP firewalls and UI password security SNMP network management SNMPv1 MIB I RFC 1213 Interface
62. 1 101 IP Address is 192 168 1 108 Host Name is Barr s XPi 120 Client ID is EN 00 00 c5 45 89 ef OK 192 168 2021 Reserve 192 168 1 112 192 168 1 113 SCROLL DOWN Lease Management m Exclude is displayed if the entry is not already excluded Selecting Exclude excludes the IP address from the address serving pool so the address will not be served to a client If the IP address is currently leased to or reserved for a client you will be presented with a warning dialog asking you to confirm the operation IP Setup 8 21 Served IP Addresses IP Address Expires Host Name Client Identifier SCROLL UP lt 192 168 1 100 192 168 1 101 about to make changes that will affect an address currently in use Are you sure you want to do this CANCEL OK 168 1 111 Reserve N68 el 12 168 1 113 Lease Management Include is displayed if the entry is either excluded or declined An IP address is marked declined when a client to whom the DHCP server offers the address declines the address A client declines an address if it determines that a leased address is already in use by another device Selecting Include restores the selected IP address to the address serving pool so that the IP address is once again eligible to be served to a client Release is displayed if the entry is currently offered leased or reserved Selecting Release p
63. 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yes No Security 11 11 This filter blocks any packets coming from a remote network with the IP network address 200 233 14 0 The 0 at the end of the address signifies any host on the class C IP network 200 233 14 0 If for example the filter is applied to a packet with the source IP address 200 233 14 5 it will block it In this case the mask which does not appear in the table must be set to 255 255 255 0 This way all packets with a source address of 200 233 14 x will be matched correctly no matter what the final address byte is Note The protocol attribute for this filter is 0 by default This tells the filter to ignore the IP protocol or type of IP packet Design guidelines Careful thought must go into designing a new filter set You should consider the following guidelines Be sure the filter set s overall purpose is clear from the beginning A vague purpose can lead to a faulty set and that can actually make your network less secure m Be sure each individual filter s purpose is clear m Determine how filter priority will affect the set s actions Test the set on paper by determining how the filters would respond to a number of different hypothetical packets m Consider the combined effect of the filters If every filter in a set fails to match on a particular packet the packet is m Forwarded if all the filters are configured to discard not forward m Discarded if all the filters are conf
64. 2 168 6 138 as the 1st Client Address since the router itself must have an IP address To enable DHCP select Serve DHCP Clients and toggle it to Yes DHCP serving is automatic when IP Address Serving is enabled The default DHCP Lease time is one hour This may be unnecessarily brief in your network environment Consequently the DHCP lease time is now configurable The DHCP Lease Time Hours setting allows you to modify the router s default lease time of one hour You can enter any number up to and including 168 hours one week for the DHCP lease 8 12 User s Reference Guide If you have configured multiple Ethernet IP subnets the appearance of the IP Address Serving screen is altered Slightly IP Address Serving IP Address Serving Mode DHCP Server Configure Address Pools Serve DHCP Clients DHCP Lease Time Hours DHCP NetBIOS Options Serve BOOTP Clients Serve Dynamic WAN Clients Three menu items are hidden and Configure Address Pools appears instead If you select Configure Address Pools you will be taken to the IP Address Pools screen that allows you to configure an address serving pool for each of the configured Ethernet IP subnets See IP Address Pools on page 8 13 IP Setup 8 13 IP Address Pools The IP Address Pools screen allows you to configure a separate IP address serving pool for each of up to eight configured Ethernet IP subnets IP Address Pools Subnet host addrs lst Clie
65. 5 Easy Setup Profile configuration scsssseseeeeees 9 6 Server Lists and Dynamic NAT configuration 9 6 IPS er EN EEA 9 7 Modifying map StS isaccasedessdidobacdenwedamannrenecsecens 9 12 Adding Server LIStSvenccacdscnatatatateasspscdcdsareascanchedecbenasabcees 9 14 Modifying server liSts s e 9 17 Deleting a Server cccecccececcceeeseeeeeeseeseeeeeaeeaness 9 19 Binding Map Lists and Server Lists cccccccsssseeeeeeeeeees 9 20 IP profile parameters eceececeesseeeeeseeeceeeeaeeneess 9 20 IP Parameters WAN Default Profile 9 22 NAT ASSOC aU OMS asscnsadcncacssassacudtdantacnabaieedteabbocatinsiuceaten 9 24 MultiNAT Configuration Example ccecce 9 26 Chapter 10 Virtual Private Networks VPNS 10 1 OVEIVIEW EE E E A E EEE EET 10 1 About PPIP Tu Mel S ccsdinsacenwsas edeadantdoonsaanes iid 10 3 PPIP CONMQUIPALI ON sanoinaan 104 About IPSec TUMMEIS J icisaccaasstucestdunadconnadeeeatuuibccatnstactatan 10 7 CONMOUMATION tassasasuonssancaaatecarorstaneasecesaieensnanennts 10 7 IP Profile Parameters wassscaisastfcuveensscieadaceasubateons 10 10 Advanced IP Profile Options 10 11 Interoperation with other features 10 12 4 User s Reference Guide About AIMP TUNNeIS c ccccssccssccseseeeeesesesessnaneneess 10 12 ATMP configurations 10 12 Encryption SUPPO saiisnstiantertrcedanattacamtanhanndaauenuana 10 15 MS CHAP V2 and 128 bit strong encryption 10 15 ATMP PPTP Default Pro
66. 541 Destination Port 80 Protocol TCP ACK Bit Yes DATA User Data This header information is what the packet filter uses to make filtering decisions It is important to note that a packet filter does not look into the IP data stream the User Data from above to make filtering decisions Basic protocol types TCP Transmission Control Protocol TCP provides reliable packet delivery and has a retransmission mechanism so packets are not lost RFC 793 is the specification for TCP UDP User Datagram Protocol Unlike TCP UDP does not guarantee reliable sequenced packet delivery If data does not reach its destination UDP does not retransmit the data RFC 768 is the specification for UDP There are many more ports defined in the Assigned Addresses RFC The table that follows shows some of these port assignments Example TCP UDP Ports TCP Port Service 20 21 FTP 23 Telnet 25 SMTP 80 WWW 144 News UDP Port Service 161 SNMP 11 22 User s Reference Guide UDP Port Service 69 TFTP 387 AURP Firewall design rules There are two basic rules to firewall design m What is not explicitly allowed is denied and m What is not explicitly denied is allowed The first rule is far more secure and is the best approach to firewall design It is far easier and more secure to allow in or out only certain services and deny anything else
67. 541 4542 to configure its parameters see Downloading configuration files above This is useful for configuring a number of routers with identical parameters or for creating configuration backup files Uploading a file can also be useful for troubleshooting purposes The uploaded configuration file can be tested on a different Netopia 4541 4542 by Netopia or your network administrator The procedure below applies whether you are using the console or the WAN interface To upload a configuration file 1 Decide on a name for the file and a path for saving it 2 Select Receive Config from Netopia and press Return The following dialog box appears 13 12 User s Reference Guide Are you sure you want to save your current Netopia configuration If so when you hit Return Enter on the CONTINUE button you will have 10 seconds to begin the transfer from your terminal program CANCEL CONTINUE 3 Select CANCEL to exit without uploading the file or select CONTINUE to upload the file If you choose CONTINUE you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transfer s failure You can then try again Restarting the system You can restart the system by s
68. 542 ADSL Router uses a high performance telecommunications line to provide your whole network with a high speed connection to the outside world Model 4541 is designed for North American users model 4542 is designed for non North American users Both support the same features This section covers the following topics m Features and capabilities on page 1 1 m How to use this guide on page 1 2 Features and capabilities The Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router provides the following features m Support for IP routing for Internet and Intranet connectivity m ADSL WAN interface supports symmetric data rates from 144 kbps to 2 32 Mbps m Built in VPN features offer secure Internet connections between remote offices and travelers Built in firewall protects LAN resources from Internet intruders Support for Ethernet LANs with multiple Ethernet IP subnets m 10 100 Base T Ethernet port connects easily to an existing LAN hub m Interoperable with a wide array of DSLAM equipment m Console based Telnet client m UNIX syslog client m Status lights LEDs for easy monitoring and troubleshooting m Support for Console based management m NAT NATP multi NAT and DHCP for security and convenience m Wall mountable Bookshelf Side stackable or Desktop stackable design for efficient space usage 1 2 User s Reference Guide How to use this guide In addition to the simple documentation contained in the accompanying Getting Started Guide thi
69. ARDLESS OF THE FORM OF THE ACTION WHETHER IN CONTRACT TORT INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE WILL BE LIMITED TO 50 BECAUSE SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU v 102
70. CANCEL Configure a new Conn Profile Finished ADD or CANCEL to exit On a Netopia 4541 4542 you can add up to 15 more connection profiles for a total of 16 but you can only use one at a time unless you are using VPNs 1 Select Profile Name and enter a name for this connection profile It can be any name you wish For example the name of your ISP 2 Toggle Profile Enabled to Yes or No The default is Yes WAN and System Configuration 7 5 Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return The pop up menu offers the possible data link encapsulation methods for connection profiles used for a variety of purposes PPP RFC1483 ATMP PPTP or IPsec If you select any data link encapsulation method other than RFC1483 a Data Link Options menu item is displayed if you select RFC1483 Data Link Options is hidden If you chose any data link encapsulation method other than RFC1483 select Datalink Options and press Return m If you selected ATMP PPTP or IPSec see Chapter 10 Virtual Private Networks VPNs m f you selected PPP the Datalink PPP MP Options screen appears Datalink PPP MP Options Data Compression Standard LZS Send Authentication PAP Send User Name Send Password Receive User Name Receive Password Maximum Packet Size In this Screen you will configure the PPP MP specific connection params Select Data Compression and press Return The pop up menu offe
71. ES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT EXCEPT AS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY PROVIDED ABOVE NETOPIA AND ITS LICENSOR S DO NOT WARRANT GUARANTEE OR MAKE ANY REPRESENTATION REGARDING THE USE OR THE RESULTS OF THE USE OF THE PRODUCT IN TERMS OF ITS CORRECTNESS ACCURACY RELIABILITY CURRENTNESS OR OTHERWISE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE RESULTS AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PRODUCT IS ASSUMED BY YOU THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES IS NOT PERMITTED BY SOME STATES OR JURISDICTIONS SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU IN THAT CASE ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARE LIMITED IN DURATION TO NINETY 90 DAYS FROM THE DATE OF DELIVERY OF THE PRODUCT THERE MAY BE OTHER RIGHTS THAT YOU MAY HAVE WHICH VARY FROM JURISDICTION TO J URISDICTION REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT ANY REMEDY SET FORTH HEREIN FAILS OF ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE IN NO EVENT WILL NETOPIA ITS LICENSOR S AND THE DIRECTORS OFFICERS EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS OF ANY OF THEM BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ANY CONSEQUENTIAL INCIDENTAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION AND THE LIKE ARISING OUT THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT EVEN IF NETOPIA OR ITS LICENSOR S HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES NETOPIA AND ITS LICENSOR S LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ACTUAL DAMAGES FROM ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER AND REG
72. G FROM SERVER and press Return You will see the following dialog box Are you sure you want to send a saved configuration to your Netopia CANCEL CONTINUE m Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file The system will reset at the end of the file transfer to put the new configuration into effect m f you choose to download the configuration file the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Config The TFTP Current Transfer Bytes item will reflect the number of bytes transferred Uploading configuration files Using TFTP you can send a file containing a snapshot of the router s current configuration to a TFTP server The file can then be downloaded by a different Netopia 4541 4542 unit to configure its parameters see Downloading configuration files on page 13 8 This is useful for configuring a number of routers with identical parameters or just for creating configuration backup files Uploading a file can also be useful for troubleshooting purposes The uploaded configuration file can be tested on a different Netopia 4541 4542 unit by Netopia or your network administrator To upload a configuration file follow these steps 1 Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use The server name or IP address is available from the site where the server is located 2 Select Config File Name and en
73. IN MENU RESTART DE Configure a Configuration Access Name and Password here The final step in configuring the Easy Setup console screens is to restart the Netopia 4541 4542 so that the configuration settings take effect 1 Select RESTART DEVICE A prompt asks you to confirm your choice 2 Select CONTINUE to restart the Netopia Router and have your selections take effect Note You can also restart the system at any time by using the Restart System utility see Restarting the system on page 13 12 or by turning the Netopia Router off and on with the power switch 6 8 User s Reference Guide The Router will restart and your configuration settings will be activated You can then Exit or Quit your Telnet application Easy Setup is now complete WAN and System Configuration 7 1 Chapter 7 WAN and System Configuration This chapter describes how to use the console based management screens to access and configure advanced features of your Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router You can customize these features for your individual setup These menus provide a powerful method for experienced users to set up their router s connection profiles and system configuration This section covers the following topics WAN configuration on page 7 1 Creating a new Connection Profile on page 7 4 The default profile on page 7 7 Scheduled connections on page 7 8 System configuration screens
74. If the other rule is used you would have to figure out everything that you want to disallow now and in the future Firewall Logic Firewall design is a test of logic and filter rule ordering is critical If a packet is forwarded through a series of filter rules and then the packet matches a rule the appropriate action is taken The packet will not forward through the remainder of the filter rules For example if you had the following filter set Allow WWW access Allow FTP access Allow SMTP access Deny all other packets and a packet goes through these rules destined for FTP the packet would forward through the first rule WWW go through the second rule FTP and match this rule the packet is allowed through If you had this filter set for example Allow WWW access Allow FTP access Deny FTP access Deny all other packets and a packet goes through these rules destined for FTP the packet would forward through the first filter rule WWW match the second rule FTP and the packet is allowed through Even though the next rule is to deny all FTP traffic the FTP packet will never make it to this rule Binary representation It is easiest when doing filtering to convert the IP address and mask in question to binary This will allow you to perform the logical AND to determine whether a packet matches a filter rule Security 11 23 Logical AND function When a packet is compared in most cases a logical AND function is p
75. MIB RFC 1229 Ethernet MIB RFC 1643 Netopia 4541 4542 MIB Management configuration methods serial console remote modem console Telnet SNMP Diagnostics PING event logging routing table displays traceroute statistics counters Agency approvals North America Safety Approvals m United States UL Standard for Information Technology Equipment UL 60950 Third Edition Dated B 2 User s Reference Guide December 1 2000 m Canada CSA CAN CSA C22 2 No 950 95 EMI m FCC Part 15 Class B International Safety Approvals m Low Voltage European directive 73 23 EEC m EN60950 1992 Europe m AS NRZ 3260 Australia m 15001 Australia EMI Compatibility m European Directive 89 336 EEC m EN 300 368 2 1997 Telco m European Directive 1999 5 EC Regulatory notices Warning This is a Class A product In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures Adequate measures include increasing the physical distance between this product and other electrical devices United States This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not i
76. Multiple Network Address Translation 9 13 m Add Map allows you to add a new map to the map list m Show Change Maps allows you to modify the individual maps within the list m Delete Map allows you to delete a map from the list Selecting Show Change Maps or Delete Map displays the same pop up menu Show Change NAT Map List Private Address Rang Typ Public Address Range 192 168 1 1 192 168 1 254 pat 206 1 1 6 ae 192 168 1 253 192 168 1 254 static 206 1 1 1 206 1262 192 168 1 1 192 168 1 252 dynamic 206 1 1 3 206 1 1 5 Scroll to the map you want to modify using the arrow keys and press Return The Change NAT Map screen appears Change NAT Map my_map First Private Address 192 168 1 253 Last Private Address 192 168 1 254 Use NAT Public Range my_second_range Public Range Type is static Public Range Start Address is 206 1 1 1 Public Range End Address is 206 1 1 2 Make any modifications you need and then select CHANGE NAT MAP and press Return Your changes will become effective and you will be returned to the Show Change NAT Map List screen 9 14 User s Reference Guide Adding Server Lists Server lists also known as Exports are handled similarly to map lists If you want to make a particular server s port accessible and it isn t accessible through other means such as a static mapping you must create a server list Select Add Server List from the Network Address Tra
77. NETOPIA 4541 AND 4542 ADSL ROUTERS User s Reference Guide netopia Copyright 2001 Netopia Inc v 080102 All rights reserved Printed in the U S A This manual and any associated artwork software and product designs are copyrighted with all rights reserved Under the copyright laws such materials may not be copied in whole or part without the prior written consent of Netopia Inc Under the law copying includes translation to another language or format Netopia Inc 2470 Mariner Square Loop Alameda CA 94501 1010 U S A Part Number For additional copies of this electronic manual order Netopia part number 6161090 PF 02 Printed Copies For printed copies of this manual order Netopia part number TER Doc P N 61610900002 Contents Contents 1 Chapter 1 INtroductioni vasesssicnaees seenes ay donde yeeetanaysdecdeed Seen 1 1 OVE IVIC Wiisser inanin REER E 1 1 Features and Capabilities casccsccasdnerwsmternetannhertnamtacncvaredies 1 1 Howto use this QUIGE usurarea 1 2 Chapter 2 Making the Physical Connections 2 1 Rinda OCITO Meana 2 1 What VOU NOOO saisinscanainvacanhidnstabadgrinentannitamdinienhannntacaads 2 1 Identify the connectors and attach the cables 05 2 2 Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router status lights 2 3 Chapter 3 Sharing the Connection cece 3 1 Configuring TCP IP on Windows based Computers 3 1 Dynamic configuration recommended 3 2
78. No m Be sure to read the rules on the installation of static routes in the IP routing table See Rules of static route installation on page 8 9 m Select Destination Network IP Address and enter the network IP address of the destination network m Select Destination Network Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask used by the destination network m Select Next Gateway IP Address and enter the IP address for the router that the Netopia 4541 4542 will use to reach the destination network This router does not necessarily have to be part of the destination network but it must at least know where to forward packets destined for that network m Select Route Priority and choose High or Low High means that the static route takes precedence over RIP IP Setup 8 9 information Low means that the RIP information takes precedence over the static route m If the static route conflicts with a connection profile the connection profile will always take precedence m To make sure that the static route is known only to the Netopia 4541 4542 select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to No To allow other RIP capable routers to know about the static route select Advertise Route Via RIP and toggle it to Yes When Advertise Route Via RIP is toggled to Yes a new item called RIP Metric appears below Advertise Route Via RIP With RIP Metric you set the number of routers from 1 to 15 between the sending router and the destination router The maximum number
79. Protocol Type 10 30 User s Reference Guide Security 11 1 Chapter 11 Security The Netopia 4541 4542 provides a number of security features to help protect its configuration screens and your local network from unauthorized access Although these features are optional it is strongly recommended that you use them This section covers the following topics m Suggested security measures on page 11 1 m User accounts on page 11 1 m Telnet access on page 11 3 m About filters and filter sets on page 11 4 m Working with IP filters and filter sets on page 11 12 m Firewall tutorial on page 11 20 Suggested security measures In addition to setting up user accounts Telnet access and filters all of which are covered later in this chapter there are other actions you can take to make the Netopia 4541 4542 and your network more secure m Change the SNMP community strings or passwords The default community strings are universal and could easily be known to a potential intruder m Set the answer profile so it must match incoming calls to a connection profile m Leave the Enable Dial in Console Access option set to No m When using AURP accept connections only from configured partners m Configure the Netopia 4541 4542 through the serial console port to ensure that your communications cannot be intercepted User accounts When you first set up and configure the Netopia 4541 4542 no passwor
80. SL service from an ISP might include five user addresses Without PAT you might be able to attach only five IP hosts Using simple 1to many PAT you can connect more than five devices but use only one of your addresses Using multiNAT you can make full use of the address range The example assumes the following range of addresses offered by a typical ISP Local WAN IP address 206 1 1 6 Local WAN subnet mask 255 255 255 248 Remote IP address 206 1 1 254 Default gateway 206 1 1 254 Public IP addresses assigned by the ISP are 206 1 1 1 through 206 1 1 6 255 255 255 248 subnet mask Your internal devices have IP addresses of 192 168 1 1 through 192 168 1 254 255 255 255 0 subnet mask Netopia Router s address is 192 168 1 1 Web server s address is 192 168 1 253 Mail server s address is 192 168 1 254 FTP server s address is 192 168 1 253 In this example you will statically map the first five public IP addresses 206 1 1 1 206 1 1 5 to the first five corresponding private IP addresses 192 168 1 1 192 168 1 5 You will use these 1 to 1 mapped addresses to give your servers real addresses You will then map 206 1 1 6 to the remaining private IP addresses 192 168 1 6 192 168 1 254 using PAT The configuration process is as follows From the Main Menu go to the Easy Setup and then the Connection Profile screen Main r Easy j Connection Menu Setup Profile
81. The entry points are displayed in the Main Menu shown below Netopia 4541 Easy Setup WAN Configuration System Configuration Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs Quick Menus Quick View Return Enter goes to Easy Setup minimal configuration You always start from this main screen m The Easy Setup menus display and permit changing the values contained in the default connection profile You can use Easy Setup to initially configure the router directly through a console session Easy Setup menus contain up to five descendant screens for viewing or altering these values The number of screens depends on whether you have optional features installed m The WAN Configuration menu displays and permits changing your connection profile s and default profile creating or deleting additional connection profiles and configuring or reconfiguring the manner in which you 5 2 User s Reference Guide may be using the router to connect to more than one service provider or remote site The System Configuration menus display and permit changing m P setup See IP Setup on page 8 1 m Filter sets firewalls See Security on page 11 1 m P address serving See IP Address Serving on page 8 10 m Date and time See Date and time on page 7 16 m Console configuration See Connecting a console cable to your router on page 5 3 m SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
82. Tunnel Endpoint Address 0 0 0 0 Next Hop Gateway 0 0 0 0 SPI Security Parameters Index valid range is 1 4294967295 m You can specify an ESP Receive SPI The value must be unique over the set of all ESP SPls specified for the remote tunnel endpoint m You can specify an ESP Transmit SPI The value must be unique over the set of all ESP SPls specified for the remote tunnel endpoint m You can specify an AH Receive SPI if AH authentication has been requested The value must be unique over the set of all AH SPls specified for the router m You can specify an AH Transmit SPI if AH authentication has been requested The value must be unique over the set of all AH SPls specified for the remote tunnel endpoint m You can specify a Local Tunnel Endpoint Address If not 0 0 0 0 this value must be one of the assigned interface addresses either WAN or LAN This is used as the source address of all IPsec traffic m You can specify a Next Hop Gateway If you specify the Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address and the address is in the same subnet as the Remote Members Network you specified in the IP Profile Parameters the Next Hop Gateway option allows you to enter the address by which the gateway partner is reached 10 12 User s Reference Guide If you do not specify the Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address the router will use the default gateway to reach the partner If the partner should be reached via an alternate port for example the LAN inst
83. URP AppleTalk 387 TFTP 69 who 513 11 8 User s Reference Guide Port number comparisons A filter can also use a comparison option to evaluate a packet s source or destination port number The comparison options are No Compare No comparison of the port number specified in the filter with the packet s port number Not Equal To For the filter to match the packet s port number cannot equal the port number specified in the filter Less Than For the filter to match the packet s port number must be less than the port number specified in the filter Less Than or Equal For the filter to match the packet s port number must be less than or equal to the port number specified in the filter Equal For the filter to match the packet s port number must equal the port number specified in the filter Greater Than For the filter to match the packet s port number must be greater than the port number specified in the filter Greater Than or Equal For the filter to match the packet s port number must be greater than or equal to the port number specified in the filter Other filter attributes There are three other attributes to each filter m The filter s order i e priority in the filter set m Whether the filter is currently active m Whether the filter is set to forward packets or to block discard packets Putting the parts together When you display a filter set its filters are displayed as rows in a table
84. a Connection Profile from the Main Menu go to the WAN Configuration screen then the Dis play Change Connection Profile screen From the pop up menu list of your Connection Profiles choose the one you want to bind your map list to Select IP Profile Parameters and press Return Main WAN Display Change IP Profile Menu Configuration Connection Profile Parameters The IP Profile Parameters screen appears P Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Yes IP Addressing NAT Map List NAT Server List Local WAN IP Address Local WAN IP Mask Remote IP Address Remote IP Mask Filter Set Remove Filter Set RIP Profile Options Unnumbered Easy PAT List Easy Servers 206 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 127 0 0 2 259 259 255 255 Basic Firewall Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here Multiple Network Address Translation 9 21 m Select NAT Map List and press Return A pop up menu displays a list of your defined map lists IP Profile Parameters NAT Map List Name Address Trans Easy PAT s IP Addressing my_map lt lt None gt gt NAT Map List NAT Server Li Local WAN IP Remote IP Add 750 4052 Remote IP Mas 5 200 2095 259 Filter Set tBIOS Filter Remove Filter Receive RIP th Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to m Select the map list you want to bind to this Connection Profil
85. acTCP control panel and save the settings 5 If you are using MacTCP you must restart the computer If you are using Open Transport you do not need to restart Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4541 4542 Sharing the Connection 3 7 Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network with manual or static IP addresses Be sure each computer on your network has its own IP address More information about configuring your Macintosh computer for TCP IP connectivity through a Netopia 4541 4542 can be found in Technote NIR_026 Open Transport and Netopia Routers located on the Netopia Web site 3 8 User s Reference Guide Connecting to Your Local Area Network 4 1 Chapter 4 Connecting to Your Local Area Network This chapter describes how to physically connect the Netopia 4541 4542 to your local area network LAN Before you proceed make sure the Netopia 4541 4542 is properly configured You can customize the router s configuration for your particular LAN requirements using console based management see Console Based Management on page 5 1 This section covers the following topics m Readying computers on your local network on page 4 1 m Connecting to an Ethernet network on page 4 2 Readying computers on your local network PC and Macintosh computers must have certain c
86. adapter client you are connecting to does not support MS CHAPv2 the Netopia router will fall back to MS CHAP v1 or if the router or VPN adapter client you are connecting to does not support MPPE at all the PPP session will be dropped This is done automatically 10 16 User s Reference Guide and transparently ATMP PPTP Default Profile The WAN Configuration menu offers a ATMP PPTP Default Profile option Use this selection when your router is acting as the server for VPN connections that is when you are on the answering end of the tunnel establishment The ATMP PPTP Default Profile determines the way the attempted tunnel connection is answered WAN Configuration WAN Wide Area Network Setup Display Change Connection Profile Add Connection Profile Delete Connection Profile WAI Default Profile AT P PPTP Default Profile Scheduled Connections Configuration Changes Reset WAN Connection To set the parameters under which the router will answer attempted VPN connections select ATMP PPTP Default Profile and press Return The ATMP PPTP Default Profile screen appears ATMP PPTP Default Profile Answer ATMP PPTP Connections No PPTP Configuration Options Receive Authentication Data Compression m Toggle Answer ATMP PPTP Connections to Yes if you want the router to accept VPN connections or No the default if you do not For PPTP tunnel connecti
87. age 2 1 m Identify the connectors and attach the cables on page 2 2 m Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router status lights on page 2 3 Find a location When choosing a location for the Netopia ADSL Router consider m Available space and ease of installation m Physical layout of the building and how to best use the physical space available for connecting your Netopia ADSL Router to the LAN m Available wiring and jacks m Distance from the point of installation to the next device length of cable or wall wiring m Ease of access to the front of the unit for configuration and monitoring m Ease of access to the back of the unit for checking and changing cables m Cable length and network size limitations when expanding networks For small networks install the Netopia 4541 4542 near one of the LANs For large networks you can install the Netopia 4541 4542 in a wiring closet or a central network administration site What you need Locate all items that you need for the installation Included in your router package are m The Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router A power adapter and cord with a mini DIN8 connector m One Category 5 Ethernet cable m One Category 5 DSL WAN or Line cable ADB 9 to DB 9 console cable m The Netopia CD containing software and documentation 2 2 User s Reference Guide You will need m A Windows 95 or 98 based PC or a Macintosh computer with Ethernet connectivity for configuring the Netopia 4541 4542 This
88. an specify a Data Compression algorithm either None or Standard LZS for the PPTP connection Note When the Authentication protocol is MS CHAP compression is set to None and the Data Compression option is hidden m When the authentication protocol is MS CHAP you can specify a Data Encryption algorithm for the PPTP connection Available options are MPPE and None the default For other authentication protocols this option is hidden When MPPE is negotiated the WAN Event History reports that it is negotiated as a CCP compression type This is because the MPPE protocol uses a compression engine even though it is not itself a compression protocol 10 6 User s Reference Guide Note The Netopia 4541 4542 supports 128 bit strong encryption Unlike MS CHAP version 1 which Supports one way authentication MS CHAP version 2 supports mutual authentication between connected routers and is incompatible with MS CHAP version 1 MS CHAP V1 When you choose MS CHAP as the authentication method for the PPTP tunnel the Netopia router will start negotiating MS CHAP V2 If the router you are connecting to does not support MS CHAP V2 it will fall back to MS CHAP V1 or if the router you are connecting to does not support MPPE at all the PPP session will be dropped m You can specify a Send Host Name which is used with Send Secret for authenticating with a remote PNS when the profile is used for initiating a tunnel connection m You must spec
89. and press Return The fields are the same as those in the Add Circuit screen To delete a circuit select Delete Circuit select a cicuit from the pop up menu and press Return In the confirmation window select CONTINUE and press Return Press Escape to return to the WAN Setup menu 7 4 User s Reference Guide Creating a new Connection Profile For a Netopia 4541 4542 connection profiles are useful for configuring the connection and authentication settings for negotiating a PPP connection on the ADSL link If you are using the PPP data link encapsulation method you can store your authentication information in the connection profile so that your user name and password or host name and secret are transmitted when you attempt to connect Connection profiles define the networking protocols necessary for the router to make a remote connection A connection profile is like an address book entry describing how the router is to get to a remote site or how to recognize and authenticate a connection To create a new connection profile you navigate to the WAN Configuration screen from the Main Menu and select Add Connection Profile Main gt WAN pe Add Connection Menu Configuration Profile The Add Connection Profile screen appears Add Connection Profile Profile Name Profile 1 Profile Enabled Yes Data Link Encapsulation PPP Data Link Options IP Profile Parameters COMMIT
90. as a console m Try pressing Ctri L or Return or the up or down arrow key several times to refresh the terminal screen m Make sure that flow control on serial connections is turned off Junk characters appear on the screen m Check that the terminal emulation software is configured correctly m Check the baud rate The default values are 9600 N 8 and 1 Characters are missing from some of the configuration screens m Try changing the Netopia 4541 4542 s default speed of 9600 bps and setting your terminal emulation software to match the new speed Network problems Problems communicating with remote IP hosts m Verify the accuracy of the default gateway s IP address entered in the IP Setup or Easy Setup screen m Use the Netopia 4541 4542 s Ping utility in the Utilities amp Diagnostics screen and try to Ping local and remote hosts See Ping on page 13 2 for instructions on how to use the Ping utility If you can successfully Ping hosts using their IP addresses but not their domain names 198 34 7 1 but not garcia netopia com for example verify that the DNS server s IP address is correct and that it is reachable from the Netopia 4541 4542 use Ping m If you are using filters check that your filter sets are not blocking the type of connections you are trying to make Local routing problems m Observe the Ethernet LEDs to see if data traffic flow appears to be normal m Check the WAN statistics and LAN statistics scre
91. as shown below Change Input Filter Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type TCP Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID 0 Dest Port Compare Equal Dest Port ID 1723 Established TCP Conns Only No Select Input Filter 2 and press Return In the Change Input Filter 2 screen set the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 25 Change Input Filter Enabled Yes Forward Yes Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type In the Display Change Filter Set screen select Display Change Output Filter Display Change Output Filter screen Proto Srec Port D Port On Fwd TC P NC 1723 Yes Yes GRE Yes Yes Select Output Filter 1 and press Return In the Change Output Filter 1 screen set the Protocol Type and Destination Port information as shown below Change Output Filter 1 Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type TCP Source Port Compare o Compare Source Port ID Dest Port Compare Equal Dest Port ID 1723 Established TCP Conns Only fe 10 26 User s Reference Guide Select Output Filter 2 and press Return In the Change Output Filter 2 screen set
92. ate IP address to one of the public IP addresses allocated to be used for Dynamic NAT As long as this host is communicating with the Internet it will be able to use that address When traffic from that host ceases and no traffic is passed from that host for five minutes the public address is made available again for other private hosts to use as necessary Multiple Network Address Translation 9 3 When addresses are returned to the group of available addresses they are returned to the head of the group being the most recently used If that same host requests a connection an hour later and the same public address is still available then it will be mapped to the same private host If a new host which has not previously requested a connection initiates a connection it is allocated the last or oldest public address available Dynamic NAT is a way of sharing a range of public or exterior NAT addresses among one or more groups of private or interior hosts This is intended to provide superior support for applications that traditionally have difficulty communicating through NAT Dynamic NAT is intended to provide functionality beyond many to one and one to one translation Netopia s NAT implementation makes it possible to have a static mapping of one public address to one private address thus allowing applications such as NetMeeting to work by assuring that any traffic sent back to the source IP address is forwarded through to the internal mach
93. ation and firmware files with AMIODEM crsa mnatoa n aE RAN EET 13 9 Updating firmware cccccccccccssssesseeseeeeeeenseeeeess 13 10 Downloading configuration files cccccseeeeeees 13 11 Uploading configuration files ccccececeeseeeeeees 13 11 6 User s Reference Guide Restarting the SYSteM cccccccssssssseeseseeeeeeseeaeesseseess 13 12 Appendix A TroubleShooting ccccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeees A 1 Configuration Problems izsenis A 1 Console connection problems ssec A 2 Network problems iciicawsasdsaiecsaencnntina sad sien tannedeunGddsien A 2 How to reset the router to factory defaults een A3 Power OU LAGS sis sasentaniavdinausenteudsisanaansentathinsadiaansaatenten A 3 Technical SUpport sesgar A4 HOW TO WE ACA US ninien nai A4 Appendix B Technical Specifications and Safety Information B 1 DESGMPUlOMesccascdsioatyassnacoeit aene eein NOATEN B 1 Power requirements ercer B 1 EMVISOMMOME neierens esnin i ore ina B 1 Software and Protocols ssassn eee B 1 AGENCY approval eessen ii a ETR B 1 Regulatory MOEGES ainicin niania B 2 Important Safety iINStructiONS serris B4 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies Revised January 2002 Introduction 1 1 Chapter 1 Introduction Overview The Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router is a full featured stand alone DSL router for connecting diverse local area networks LANs to the Internet and other remote networks The Netopia 4541 4
94. ation item on the IP Setup screen An example MultiNAT configuration at the end of this chapter describes some applications for these features See the MultiNAT Configuration Example on page 9 26 In order to configure the router to make servers on your LAN visible to the Internet you use advanced features in the System Configuration screens described in IP setup IP setup To access the NAT configuration screens from the Main Menu navigate to IP Setup Main System IP Menu g Configuration Setup IP Setup Ethernet IP Address 168 1 1 Ethernet Subnet Mask 299552950 Define Additional Subnets Default IP Gateway Primary Domain Name Server Secondary Domain Name Server Domain Name Receive RIP Transmit RIP Static Routes IP Address Serving Network Address Translation NAT Set up the basic IP attributes of your Netopia in this screen Select Network Address Translation NAT and press Return 9 8 User s Reference Guide The Network Address Translation screen appears Network Address Translation Add Public Range Show Change Public Range Delete Public Range Add Map List Show Change Map List Delete Map List Add Server List Show Change Server List Delete Server List NAT Associations Return Enter to configure IP Address redirection Public Range defines an external address range and indicates what type of
95. ations company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system if present are connected together This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas B 4 User s Reference Guide Caution Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority or electrician as appropriate The Load Number LN assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by the device to prevent overloading The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the total of the Load Numbers of all the devices does not exceed 100 Important safety instructions Australian Safety Information The following safety information is provided in conformance with Australian safety requirements CAUTION DO NOT USE BEFORE READING THE INSTRUCTIONS Do not connect the Ethernet port to a carrier or carriage service provider s telecommunications network or facility unless a you have the written consent of the network or facility manager or b the connection is in accordance with a connection permit or connection rules Connection of the Ethernet port may cause a hazard or damage to the telecommunication network o
96. by the DHCP server simplifying setup of each machine The second called BootP also known as Bootstrap Protocol is the predecessor to DHCP and allows older IP hosts to obtain most of the information that a DHCP client would obtain However in contrast BootP address assignments are permanent since there is no lease renewal mechanism in BootP The third protocol called Dynamic WAN is part of the PPP MP suite of wide area protocols used for WAN connections It allows remote terminal adapters and NAT enabled routers to be assigned a temporary IP address for the duration of their connection Since no two hosts can use the same IP address at the same time make sure that the addresses distributed by the Netopia 4541 4542 and those that are manually configured are not the same Each method of distribution must have its own exclusive range of addresses to draw from Go to the System Configuration screen Select IP Address Serving and press Return The IP Address Serving screen will appear IP Address Serving IP Address Serving Mode Disabled DHCP Server Number of Client IP Addresses DHCP Relay Agent lst Client Address Client Default Gateway 192 168 1 1 Serve DHCP Clients DHCP Lease Time Hours DHCP NetBIOS Options Serve BOOTP Clients Serve Dynamic WAN Clients IP Setup 8 11 Follow these steps to configure IP Address Serving If you enabled IP Address Serving then DHCP BootP clients and
97. can return to it later to add filters see Adding filters to a filter set on page 11 14 11 14 User s Reference Guide Adding filters to a filter set There are two kinds of filters you can add to a filter set input and output Input filters check packets received from the Internet destined for your network Output filters check packets transmitted from your network to the Internet packet input filter WAN lt _ p LAN packet output filter The Netopia Router Packets in the Netopia 4541 4542 pass through an input filter if they originate in the WAN and through an output filter if they re being sent out to the WAN The process for adding input and output filters is exactly the same The main difference between the two involves their reference to source and destination From the perspective of an input filter your local network is the destination of the packets it checks and the remote network is their source From the perspective of an output filter your local network is the source of the packets and the remote network is their destination Type of filter Source means Destination means Input filter The remote network The local network Output filter The local network The remote network To add a filter select Display Change Filter Set in the Filter Set screen From the pop up menu select the filter set to which you will add a filter The Display Change Filter Set
98. can toggle NAT On or Off for each Profile Interface name You do this by navigating to the NAT field associated with each profile using the arrow keys Toggle NAT on or off by using the Tab key m You can reassign any of your map lists or server lists to any of the Profile Interfaces You do this by navigating to the Map List Name or Server List Name field associated with each profile using the arrow Multiple Network Address Translation 9 25 keys Select the item by pressing Return to display a pop up menu of all of your configured lists NAT Associations NAT Map List Name Profile Interface Nam Nat Server List Name Easy Setup Profile On Easy PAT List my_servers Profile 01 On my_first_map my_servers Profile 02 On my_second_map my_server_list Profile 03 On my_map lt lt None gt gt Profile 04 On lt lt None gt gt lt lt None gt gt Default Answer Profile On Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to Select the list name you want to assign and press Return again Your selection will then be associated with the corresponding profile or interface 9 26 User s Reference Guide MultiNAT Configuration Example To help you understand a typical MultiNAT configuration this section describes an example of the type of configuration you may want to implement on your site The values shown are for example purposes only Make your own appropriate substitutions A typical D
99. cond return Ping packet is considered to be late because it is not received by the Netopia 4541 4542 before the third Ping packet is sent The first and third return Ping packets are on time 13 4 User s Reference Guide time send Ping packet 1 Netopia gt receive Ping packet 1 host t receive return Ping packet 1 i send Ping packet 2 oS receive Ping packet 2 send return Ping packet 2 h st send Ping packet 3 receive return Ping packet 2 Packets Lost The number of packets unaccounted for shown in total and as a percentage of total packets sent This statistic may be updated during the Ping test and may not be accurate until after the test is over However if an escalating one to one correspondence is seen between Packets Out and Packets Lost and Packets In is noticeably lagging behind Packets Out the destination is probably unreachable In this case use STOP PING Round Trip Time Min Max Avg Statistics showing the minimum maximum and average number of seconds elapsing between the time each Ping packet was sent and the time its corresponding return Ping packet was received The time o ive TTL value for each Ping packet sent by the Netopia 4541 4542 is 255 the maximum allowed The TTL value defines the number of IP routers that the packet can traverse Ping packets that reach their TTL value are dropped and a destination unreachable notification is returned to the sender see the table on th
100. connect to the Internet or other remote IP networks Connecting to an Ethernet network The Netopia 4541 4542 supports Ethernet connections through its Ethernet port You can connect a standard 10 or 100Base T Ethernet network to the Netopia 4541 4542 using its Ethernet port Netopia 4541 4542 back panel 10 100 Ethernet Console The Netopia 4541 4542 in a 10Base T network To connect your 10Base T network to the Netopia 4541 4542 through the Ethernet port use a 10Base T cable with RJ 45 connectors 10 100 If you have more than one device to connect you eae can attach additional devices using a cross over cable not provided or you can connect through a switch or repeater Console Based Management 5 1 Chapter 5 Console Based Management Console based management is a menu driven interface for the capabilities built into the Netopia 4541 4542 Console based management provides access to a wide variety of features that the router supports You can customize these features for your individual setup This chapter describes how to access the console based management screens This section covers the following topics m Connecting through a Telnet session on page 5 2 m Connecting a console cable to your router on page 5 3 m Navigating through the console screens on page 5 4 Console based management screens contain seven entry points to the Netopia 4541 4542 configuration and monitoring features
101. console screens To access the console screens Telnet to the Netopia Router over your Ethernet network or physically connect with a serial console cable and access the Netopia Router with a terminal emulation program See Connecting through a Telnet session on page 5 2 or Connecting a console cable to your router on page 5 3 Note Before continuing make sure you have the information that your ISP or network administrator has given you for configuring the Netopia Router The Netopia Router s first console screen Main Menu appears in the terminal emulation window of the attached PC or Macintosh computer when m The Netopia Router is turned on m The computer is connected to the Netopia Router m Telnet or the terminal emulation software is running and configured correctly A screen similar to the following Main Menu appears 6 2 User s Reference Guide Netopia Router Easy Setup WAN Configuration System Configuration Utilities amp Diagnostics Statistics amp Logs Quick Menus Quick View If you do not see the Main Menu verify that If you are using a Serial connection that your serial port speed is the same as the Netopia 4541 4542 s default 9600 baud for first use The computer used to view the console screen has its serial port connected to the Netopia 4541 4542 s Console port or an Ethernet connection to one of its Ethernet ports See Connecting a console cable to your
102. d with an asterisk If the event history exceeds the size of the screen you can scroll through it by using the SCROLL UP and SCROLL DOWN items To scroll up select SCROLL UP at the top of the list and press Return To scroll down select SCROLL DOWN at the bottom of the list and press Return To get more information about any event listed in the WAN Event History select the event and then press Return A dialog box containing more information about the selected event will appear Press Return or Escape to dismiss the dialog box To clear the event history select Clear History at the bottom of the history screen and press Return Device Event History The Device Event History screen lists a total of 128 port and system events giving the time and date for each event as well as a brief description The most recent events appear at the top 12 6 User s Reference Guide In the Statistics amp Logs screen select Device Event History The Device Event History screen appears Device Event History Current Date 10 11 2001 03 02 23 PM UP tialization complete iw Q ct Event SCROLL IP address server ini BOOT Warm start v4 3 IP address server ini BOOT Warm start v4 3 IP Route 0 0 0 0 0 0 IP address server ini BOOT Cold start v4 3 IP Route 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 not installed SCROLL DOWN 1 22 96 1 22 96 1 22 96 1 22 96 1 22 96 1 22 96 1 22 96 1 22 96 tialization co
103. ded file reconfigures all of the Router s parameters Configuration files are available from a site maintained by your organization s network administrator or from your local site see Uploading configuration files below Follow these steps to download a configuration file 1 Make sure you have the configuration file on disk and know the path to its location 2 Select Send Config to Netopia and press Return The following dialog box appears Do you want to send a saved configuration to your Netopia If so when you hit Return Enter on the CONTINUE button you will have 10 seconds to begin the transfer from your terminal program EL CONTINUE 3 Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file If you choose CONTINUE you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the configuration file If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transfer s failure You can then try again The system will reset at the end of a successful file transfer to put the new configuration into effect Uploading configuration files A file containing a snapshot of the Netopia 4541 4542 s current configuration can be uploaded from the router to disk The file can then be downloaded by a different Netopia 4
104. ds are required to access the configuration screens Anyone could tamper with the router s configuration by simply connecting it to a console However by adding user accounts you can protect the most sensitive screens from unauthorized access User accounts are composed of name password combinations that can be given to authorized users Caution You are strongly encouraged to add protection to the configuration screens Unprotected screens could allow an unauthorized user to compromise the operation of your entire network 11 2 User s Reference Guide Once user accounts are created users who attempt to access protected screens will be challenged Users who enter an incorrect name or password are returned to a screen requesting a name password combination to access the Main Menu To set up user accounts in the System Configuration screen select Security and press Return The Security Options screen appears Security Options Enable Telnet Console Access Enable Telnet Access to SNMP Screens Console Access timeout seconds Show Users Add User Delete User Advanced Security Options Password for This Screen 11 chars max Return Enter accepts Tab toggles ESC cancels Set up configuration access options here Protecting the Security Options screen The first screen you should protect is the Security Options screen because it controls access to the configuration screens Acces
105. e previous page This ensures that no infinite routing loops occur The TTL value can be set and retrieved using the SNMP MIB I ip group s ipDefaultTTL object Trace Route You can count the number of routers between your Netopia Router and a given destination with the Trace Route utility In the Statistics amp Diagnostics screen select Trace Route and press Return The Trace Route screen appears Utilities and Diagnostics 13 5 Trace Route Host Name or IP Address Maximum Hops Timeout seconds Use Reverse DNS START TRACE Enter the IP Address Domain Name of a host Trace route to a network host To trace a route follow these steps 1 Select Host Name or IP Address and enter the name or address of the destination you want to trace 2 Select Maximum Hops to set the maximum number of routers to count between the Netopia Router and the destination router up to the maximum of 64 The default is 30 hops 3 Select Timeout seconds to set when the trace will timeout for each hop up to 10 seconds The default is 3 seconds 4 Select Use Reverse DNS to learn the names of the routers between the Netopia Router and the destination router The default is Yes 5 Select START TRACE ROUTE and press Return A scrolling screen will appear that lists the destination number of hops IP addresses of each hop and DNS names if selected 6 Cancel the trace by pressing Escape Return to the Trace Route scre
106. e see Connecting a console cable to your router on page 5 3 Telnet software installed on the computer you will use to configure the router Console Based Management 5 3 Configuring Telnet software If you are configuring your router using a Telnet session your computer must be running a Telnet software program m If you connect a PC with Microsoft Windows you can use a Windows Telnet application or simply run Telnet from the Start menu m If you connect a Macintosh computer you can use the NCSA Telnet program supplied on the Netopia 4541 4542 CD You install NCSA Telnet by simply dragging the application from the CD to your hard disk Connecting a console cable to your router You can perform all of the system configuration activities for your Netopia 4541 4542 through a local serial console connection using terminal emulation software such as HyperTerminal provided with Windows 95 98 2000 or NT on the PC or ZTerm included on the Netopia CD for Macintosh computers The Netopia 4541 4542 back panel has a connector labeled Console for attaching the Router to either a PC or Macintosh computer via the serial port on the computer On a Macintosh computer the serial port is called the Modem port or Printer port This connection lets you use the computer to configure and monitor the Netopia 4541 4542 via the console screens 10 100 Ethernet Console connection port DB 9 male To connect the
107. e Ping test is running and when it is over a status field and a number of statistical items are active on the screen These are described below Utilities and Diagnostics 13 3 Status The current status of the Ping test This item can display the status messages shown in the able below Message Description Resolving host name Finding the IP address for the domain namesstyle address Can t resolve host name IP address can t be found for the domain name style address Pinging Ping test is in progress Complete Ping test was completed Cancelled by user Ping test was cancelled manually Destination unreachable from Ping test was able to reach the router with IP address w x y z W X Y Z which reported that the test could not reach the final destination Couldn t allocate packet buffer Couldn t proceed with Ping test try again or reset system Couldn t open ICMP port Couldn t proceed with Ping test try again or reset system Packets Out The number of packets sent by the Ping test Packets In The number of return packets received from the target host To be considered on time return packets are expected back before the next packet in the sequence of Ping packets is sent A count of the number of late packets appears in parentheses to the right of the Packets In count In the example that follows a Netopia 4541 4542 is sending Ping packets to another host which responds with return Ping packets Note that the se
108. e and press Return The map list you selected will now be bound to this Connection Profile m Select NAT Server List and press Return A pop up menu displays a list of your defined server lists IP Profile Parameters AT Server List Name Address Trans Easy Servers IP Addressing my_servers lt lt None gt gt AT Map List AT Server Li Local WAN IP eO Local WAN IP 0 xOz c2 lt 2 9982995299 Remote IP Add Remote IP Mas Filter Set tBIOS Filter Remove Filter Receive RIP th Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to m Select the server list you want to bind to this Connection Profile and press Return The server list you selected will now be bound to this Connection Profile Note There is no interdependency between NAT and IP Addressing Also the Local WAN IP Address and Mask fields visibility are dependent only on the IP Addressing type 9 22 User s Reference Guide IP Parameters WAN Default Profile The Netopia 4541 4542 using RFC 1483 supports a WAN default profile that permits several parameters to be configured without an explicitly configured Connection Profile The procedure is similar to the procedure to bind map lists and server lists to a Connection Profile From the Main Menu go to the WAN Configuration screen then the Default Profile screen Select IP Parameters and press Return Main WAN WAN Default IP Paramete
109. e filter s criteria will be discarded 4 Select Source IP Address and enter the source IP address this filter will match on You can enter a subnet ora host address 11 16 User s Reference Guide 5 10 11 Select Source IP Address Mask and enter a mask for the source IP address This allows you to further modify the way the filter will match on the source address Enter 0 0 0 0 to force the filter to match on all source IP addresses or enter 255 255 255 255 to match the source IP address exclusively Select Dest IP Address and enter the destination IP address this filter will match on You can enter a subnet or a host address Select Dest IP Address Mask and enter a mask for the destination IP address This allows you to further modify the way the filter will match on the destination address Enter 0 0 0 0 to force the filter to match on all destination IP addresses Select Protocol Type and enter ICMP TCP UDP Any or the number of another IP transport protocol see the table on page 11 9 Note If Protocol Type is set to TCP or UDP the settings for port comparison that you configure in steps 8 and 9 will appear These settings only take effect if the Protocol Type is TCP or UDP Select Source Port Compare and choose a comparison method for the filter to use on a packet s source port number Then select Source Port ID and enter the actual source port number to match on see the table on page 11 7 Select Dest Port Com
110. e not using the Easy PAT Range and Easy PAT List that are created by default by using Easy Setup you would have to define a public range and map list For the purpose of this example you can just alter this range and list Change NAT Public Range Range Name Easy PAT Range Type pat Public Address 206 1 1 6 First Public Port Last Public Port E NAT PUBLIC RANGE Select CHANGE NAT PUBLIC RANGE and press Return This returns you to the Network Address Translation screen Select Add Public Range and press Return Type a name for this static range as shown below Enter the first and last public addresses your ISP assigned in their respective fields as shown The first five public IP addresses 206 1 1 1 206 1 1 5 in this example are statically mapped to the first five corresponding private IP addresses 192 168 1 1 192 168 1 5 Add NAT Public Range Range Name Static Range Type static First Public Address 206s TiLa Last Public Address 206 1 1 5 ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE Return Enter to comit changes Multiple Network Address Translation 9 29 Select ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE and press Return You are returned to the Network Address Translation screen Next select Show Change Map List and choose Easy PAT List Select Add Map The Add NAT Map screen appears Now the name Easy PAT List is a misnomer since it has a static map included in its list Enter in 192 168 1 1 forthe First Priva
111. e will appear in the Served IP Addresses list IP Setup 8 19 You can select the entries in the Served IP Addresses screen Use the up and down arrow keys to move the selection to one of the entries in the list of served IP addresses IP Address Expires Host Name Client Identifier 1 92 51 192 01 1925 1 92 1 192 1 LOZ 1 92 51 192 1 192 VOZEL 192 7 192 1 1921 192 1 Exclude Release Reserve Details Lease Management Served IP Addresses SCROLL UP Barr s XPi 120 SCROLL DOWN Once you select an entry pressing Return displays an action pop up menu that lists operations that can be performed on that entry Possible operations are Details Exclude Include Release and Reserve The action popup is context sensitive and lists only those operations that apply to the selected IP address in its current lease state 8 20 User s Reference Guide mw Details is displayed if the entry is associated with both a host name and a client identifier Selecting Details displays a pop up menu that provides additional information associated with the IP address The pop up menu includes the IP address as well as the host name and client identifier supplied by the client to which the address is leased Served IP Addresses IP Address Type Expires Host Name Client Identifier SCROLL UP 192 168 1 100 192 168
112. ead of the WAN the Next Hop Gateway field allows this path to be resolved Interoperation with other features m Address serving is not supported through IPsec Tunnels m AH is not supported through an interface that has NAT applied to it NAT may be applied to the inner payload m AH is not supported through an interface which is either Unnumbered or Numbered with a dynamically assigned address unless the Local Tunnel Endpoint address is specified in the Advanced IP Profile Options screen About ATMP Tunnels To set up an ATMP tunnel you create a Connection Profile including the IP address and other relevant information for the remote ATMP partner ATMP uses the terminology of a foreign agent that initiates tunnels and a home agent that terminates them You use the same procedure to initiate or terminate an ATMP tunnel Used in this way the terms initiate and terminate mean the beginning and end of the tunnel they do not mean activate and deactivate ATMP is a tunneling protocol with two basic aspects Tunnels are created and torn down using a session protocol that is UDP based User or client data is transferred across the tunnel by encapsulating the client data within Generic Routing Encapsulation GRE The GRE data is then routed using standard methods ATMP configuration ATMP is a Datalink Encapsulation option in Connection Profiles It is not an option in device or link configuration screens since ATMP is not a native encaps
113. electing the Restart System item in the Utilities amp Diagnostics screen You must restart the system whenever you reconfigure the Netopia 4541 4542 and want the new parameter values to take effect Under certain circumstances restarting the system may also clear up system or network malfunctions Some configuration processes automatically restart the system to apply the changes you have made Troubleshooting A 1 Appendix A Troubleshooting This appendix is intended to help you troubleshoot problems you may encounter while setting up and using the Netopia 4541 4542 It also includes information on how to contact Netopia Technical Support Important information on these problems can be found in the event histories kept by the Netopia 4541 4542 These event histories can be accessed in the Statistics amp Logs screen This section covers the following topics m Configuration problems on page A 1 m How to reset the router to factory defaults on page A 3 m Power outages on page A 3 m Technical support on page A4 Configuration problems If you encounter problems during your initial configuration process review the following suggestions before calling for technical support There are four zones to consider when troubleshooting initial configuration 1 The computer s connection to the router 2 The router s connection to the telecommunication line s 3 The telecommunication line s connection to your ISP 4
114. elete Scheduled Connections Viewing scheduled connections To display a table of scheduled connections select Display Change Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen Each scheduled connection occupies one row of the table Scheduled Connections Days Begin At HH MM When Conn Prof Nam Enabled mtWtfss 08 30PM 06 00 weekly Profile 01 No The first column in the table shows a one etter representation of the Days of the week from Monday M or m to Sunday S or s If a letter representing a day is capitalized the connection will be activated on that day a lower case letter means that the connection will not be activated on that day If the scheduled connection is configured for a once only connection the word once will appear instead of the days of the week 7 10 User s Reference Guide The other columns show The time of day that the connection will Begin At The duration of the connection HH MM Whether it s a recurring Weekly connection or used Once Only Which connection profile Conn Prof is used to connect Whether the scheduled connection is currently Enabled The router checks the date and time set in scheduled connections against the system date and time Adding a scheduled connection To add a new scheduled connection select Add Scheduled Connection in the Scheduled Connections screen and press Return The Add Scheduled Connection screen
115. emon exit from the graphical Netopia CD program and locate the CD directory structure through your Windows desktop or through Windows Explorer Go to the Goodies directory on the CD and locate the Sds15000 exe program This is the Syslog daemon installer Run the Sds15000 exe program and follow the on screen instructions for enabling the Windows Syslog daemon The following screen shows a sample syslog dump of WAN events ot ann aaao ere a ee COO COO 5 negotiate ay 5 10 ay 0000C5700 DODD CVO0OCO 5 10 ay 5 10 14 Soooooacqeoad DADNDAANDADWOS ja A O 3 d au 06 tsnext 6 tsnext tsnex tsnex tsnex tsnex tsnex tsnex tsnex tsnex tsnex CGE GE Crh ch Gh Ch et 6 tsnex 6 tsnex ct ct 6 tsnex 6 tsnex 6 tsnex netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia com netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia netopia 14 06 tsnext netopia com th Local PAP Remote NONE com com com com com com com com com Lin k 1 down PPP PAP failure gt gt Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN 5108645534 Lin Requested Disc from DN 917143652500 Received Clear Confirm for our DN 5108645534 k 1 down Manual disconnect gt gt Issued Speech Setup Request from our DN 5108645534 Lin Requested Disc from DN 917143652500 Received Clear Confirm for our DN 5108645534 k 1 down No answer
116. empty Read Write community string Even if you decide not to use SNMP you should change the community strings This prevents unauthorized access to the Netopia 4541 4542 through SNMP For more information on security issues see Suggested security measures on page 11 1 SNMP traps An SNMP trap is an informational message sent from an SNMP agent in this case the Netopia 4541 4542 to a manager When a manager receives a trap it may log the trap as well as generate an alert message of its own Standard traps generated by the Netopia 4541 4542 include the following m An authentication failure trap is generated when the router detects an incorrect community string in a received SNMP packet Authentication Traps Enable must be On for this trap to be generated A cold start trap is generated after the router is reset m An interface down trap ifDown is generated when one of the router s interfaces such as a port stops functioning or is disabled m An interface up trap ifUp is generated when one of the router s interfaces such as a port begins functioning The Netopia 4541 4542 sends traps using UDP for IP networks You can specify which SNMP managers are sent the IP traps generated by the Netopia 4541 4542 Up to eight receivers can be set You can also review and remove IP traps To go to the IP Trap Receivers screen select IP Trap Receivers The IP Trap Receivers screen appears 12 12 User s Reference Guide
117. en by pressing Escape twice Telnet client The Telnet client mode replaces the normal menu mode Telnet sessions can be cascaded that is you can initiate a Telnet client session when using a Telnet console session To activate the Telnet client select Telnet from the Utilities amp Diagnostics menu 13 6 User s Reference Guide The Telnet client screen appears Telnet Host Name or IP Address Control Character to Suspend START A TELNE Resume Suspended Session Terminate Suspended Session m Enter the host name or the IP address in dotted decimal format of the machine you want to Telnet into and press Return m Either accept the default control character Q used to suspend the Telnet session or type a different one m START A TELNET SESSION becomes highlighted m Press Return and the Telnet session will be initiated m To suspend the session press Control Q or whatever other control character you specified m To go back to your Telnet session select Resume Suspended Session Select a session from the pop up menu and press Return m To end a suspended session select Terminate Suspended Session Select a session from the pop up menu and press Return Factory defaults You can reset the Netopia 4541 4542 to its factory default settings In the Utilities amp Diagnostics screen select Revert to Factory Defaults and press Return Select CONTINUE in the dialog box and press Return The
118. en reads Set Once Only Schedule Set Weekly Schedule If you set How Often to Weekly select Set Weekly Schedule and go to the Set Weekly Schedule screen m Select the days for the scheduled connection to occur and toggle them to Yes Set Weekly Schedule Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Scheduled Window Start Time AM or PM Scheduled Window Duration Per Day m Select Scheduled Window Start Time and enter the time to initiate the scheduled connection m You must enter the time in the format H M where H is a one or two digit number representing the hour and M is a one or two digit number representing the minutes The colon is mandatory For example the entry 1 3 or 1 03 would be accepted as 3 minutes after one o clock The entry 7 0 or 7 00 would be accepted as seven o clock exactly The entries 44 5 and 2 would be rejected m Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM from the pop up menu m Select Scheduled Window Duration Per Day and enter the maximum duration allowed for this scheduled connection per call You are finished configuring the weekly options Return to the Add Scheduled Connection screen to continue 7 12 User s Reference Guide Set Once Only Schedule If you set How Often to Once Only select Set Once Only Schedule and go to the Set Once Only Schedule screen Set Once Only Schedule Place Call on MM DD YY 05 07 1998 Scheduled Window Start Time 1150 AM
119. ence Guide IP Setup 8 1 Chapter 8 IP Setup The Netopia 4541 4542 uses Internet Protocol IP to communicate both locally and with remote networks This chapter shows you how to configure the router to route IP traffic You also learn how to configure the router to serve IP addresses to hosts on your local network Netopia s IP routing features Network Address Translation and IP address serving This section covers the following topics m IP Setup on page 8 2 m IP Address Serving on page 8 10 m More Address Serving Options on page 8 17 m DHCP Relay Agent on page 8 23 m Connection Profiles on page 8 25 Network Address Translation allows communication between the LAN connected to the Netopia 4541 4542 and the Internet using a single or a few IP address es instead of a routed account with separate IP addresses for each computer on the network Network Address Translation also provides increased security by hiding the local IP addresses of the LAN connected to the Netopia 4541 4542 from the outside world The setup is simpler so ISPs typically offer Internet accounts supporting Network Address Translation at a significant cost savings For a detailed discussion of Network Address Translation see Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation 8 2 User s Reference Guide IP Setup Main System Menu Configuration pm IP Setup The IP Setup options
120. encryption for ATMP tunnels m You must specify a Key String of up to and including 20 characters when DES is selected When encryption is None this field is invisible m You can Specify that this router will Initiate Connections acting as a foreign agent Yes or only answer them acting as a home agent No m Tunnels are normally initiated On Demand however you can disable this feature When disabled the tunnel must be manually established through the call management screens m You can Specify the Idle Timeout an inactivity timer whose expiration will terminate the tunnel A value of zero disables the timer Because tunnels are subject to abrupt termination when the underlying datalink is torn down use of the Idle Timeout is strongly encouraged m Return to the Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape m Select IP Profile Parameters and press Return The IP Profile Parameters screen appears Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 15 P Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Yes NAT Map List Easy PAT NAT Server List Easy Servers Local WAN IP Address 0 0 0 0 Remote IP Address L731 674 832 L0 Remote IP Mask 255 2555 0 0 Filter Set Remove Filter Set RIP Profile Options m Enter the Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask for the host to which you want to tunnel Encryption Support Encryption is a method for altering user data into a form that is unusable by anyone other than t
121. end of the file transfer to put the new firmware into effect While the system resets the LEDs will blink on and off Caution m Be sure the firmware update you load onto your router is the correct version for your particular model Some models do not support all firmware versions Loading an incorrect firmware version can permanently damage the unit Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia 4541 4542 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged m If you choose to download the firmware the TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Reading Firmware The TFTP Current Transfer Bytes item will reflect the number of bytes transferred Downloading configuration files The Netopia 4541 4542 can be configured by downloading a configuration file using TFTP Once downloaded the file reconfigures all of the router s parameters as if someone had manually done so through the console port To download a configuration file follow these steps Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use The server name or IP address is available from the site where the server is located Select Config File Name and enter the name of the file you will download The name of the file is available from the site where the server is located You may need to enter a file path along with the file name for example bigroot config myfile Utilities and Diagnostics 13 9 m Select GET CONFI
122. endors either provide a version of NetBIOS to interface with their hardware or emulate its transport layer communications services in their network products A NetBIOS emulator is a program provided by NetWare clients that allow workstations to run applications that support IBM s NetBIOS calls m Select DHCP NetBios Options and press Return The DHCP NetBIOS Options screen appears DHCP NetBios Options Serve NetBios Type Yes NetBios Type Type B Serve NetBios Scope No NetBios Scope Serve NetBios Name Server No NetBios Name Server IP Addr 0 0 0 0 Configure DHCP served NetBIOS options here m To serve DHCP clients with the type of NetBIOS used on your network select Serve NetBios Type and toggle it to Yes 8 16 User s Reference Guide m From the NetBios Type pop up menu select the type of NetBIOS used on your network m To serve DHCP clients with the NetBIOS scope select Serve NetBios Scope and toggle it to Yes DHCP NetBios Options Serve NetBios Type NetBios Type Serve NetBios Scope NetBios Scope Serve NetBios Name Server NetBios Name Server IP Addr Select NetBios Scope and enter the scope m To serve DHCP clients with the IP address of a NetBIOS name server select Serve NetBIOS Name Server and toggle it to Yes Select NetBios Name Server IP Addr and enter the IP address for the NetBIOS name server You are now finished setting up DHCP NetBIOS Options To return to the IP
123. ens allow you to configure IP address serving on your network by means of DHCP WANIP and BootP m Details are given in IP Address Serving on page 8 10 Date and time You can set the system s date and time parameters in the Set Date and Time screen Select Date and Time in the System Configuration screen and press Return The Set Date and Time screen appears Set Date and Time NTP Network Time Prot Enabled On Time Server Host Name IP Address 204 152 184 72 Time Zone GMT 8 00 Pacific Standard Time NTP Update Interval HHHH MM 0 00 System Date Format MM DD YY System Time Format AM PM Follow these steps to set the system s date and time 1 Toggle NTP Network Time Prot Enabled to On to synchronize the Router s time and date with a network server Toggle this field to Off to manually set the time and date the options in this screen will change to allow you to manually enter the time and date parameters Note If time and date are manually set that information will be lost upon reboot or loss of power 2 Enter the IP address of the time server in the field Time Server Host Name IP Address WAN and System Configuration 7 17 3 Select the Router s time zone from the Time Zone pop up menu and press Return 4 Inthe NTP Update Interval field enter how often to synchronize with the time server using the format HHHH MM where H is hours and M is minutes 5 Select a System Date Format the opt
124. ens to see more specific information on data traffic flow and address serving See Statistics amp Logs on page 12 4 for more information Troubleshooting A 3 How to reset the router to factory defaults Lose your password This section shows how to reset the router so that you can access the console screens once again Keep in mind that all of your connection profiles and settings will need to be reconfigured If you don t have a password the only way to get back into the Netopia 4541 4542 is the following 1 Turn the router upside down 2 Referring to the diagram below find the paper clip size Reset Switch slot Reset Switch Slot 3 Carefully insert the larger end of a standard size paper clip until you contact the internal Reset Switch No need to unwind the paper clip 4 Press this switch 5 This will reset the unit to factory defaults and you will now be able to reprogram the router Power outages If you Suspect that power was restored after a power outage and the Netopia 4541 4542 is connected to a remote site you may need to switch the Netopia 4541 4542 off and then back on again After temporary power outages a connection that still seems to be up may actually be disconnected Rebooting the router should reestablish the connection A 4 User s Reference Guide Technical support Netopia Inc is committed to providing its customers with reliable products and documentation backed by excellent technical
125. erformed First the IP addresses and subnet masks are converted to binary and then combined with AND The rules for the logical use of AND are as follows 0 AND 0 0 0 AND 1 0 1 AND 0 0 1 AND 1 1 For example Filter rule Deny IP 163 176 1 15BINARY 10100011 10110000 00000001 00001111 Mask 255 255 255 255BINARY 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111 Incoming Packet IP 163 176 1 15BINARY 10100011 10110000 00000001 00001111 If you put the incoming packet and subnet mask together with AND the result is 10100011 10110000 00000001 00001111 which matches the IP address in the filter rule and the packet is denied Implied rules With a given set of filter rules there is an Implied rule that may or may not be shown to the user The implied rule tells the filter set what to do with a packet that does not match any of the filter rules An example of implied rules is as follows Implied Meaning Y Y Y N If all filter rules are YES the implied rule is NO N N N Y If all filter rules are NO the implied rule is YES Y N Y N If a mix of YES and NO filters the implied rule is NO Established connections The TCP header contains one bit called the ACK bit or TCP Ack bit This ACK bit appears only with TCP not UDP The ACK bit is part of the TCP mechanism that guarantees the delivery of data The ACK bit is set whenever one side of a connection has received data from the other side Only the first TCP packet
126. erver 0 0 0 0 Domain Name Receive RIP Both Transmit RIP v2 multicast Static Routes IP Address Serving Network Address Translation NAT Set up the basic IP attributes of your Netopia in this screen The IP address and Subnet mask items are hidden and the Define Additional Subnets item becomes Subnet Configuration If you select Subnet Configuration you will return to the IP Subnets screen that allows you to define IP addresses and masks for additional Ethernet IP subnets Static routes Static routes are IP routes that are maintained manually Each static route acts as a pointer that tells the Netopia 4541 4542 how to reach a particular network However static routes are used only if they appear in the IP routing table which contains all of the routes used by the Netopia 4541 4542 see IP Routing Table on page 12 7 Static routes are helpful in situations where a route to a network must be used and other means of finding the route are unavailable For example static routes are useful when you cannot rely on RIP To go to the Static Routes screen select Static Routes in the IP Setup screen and press Return The Static Routes screen will appear Static Routes Display Change Static Route Add Static Route Delete Static Route Configure View Delete Static Routes from this and the following Screens Viewing static routes IP Setup 8 7 To display a view only table of static
127. etopia 4541 4542 s default gateway if that gateway is located on the subnet in question You can override the value by entering any address that is part of the subnet DHCP BootP and dynamic WAN clients may receive an address from any one of the address serving pools configured on this screen 8 14 User s Reference Guide Numerous factors influence the choice of served address It is difficult to specify the address that will be served to a particular client in all circumstances However when the address server has been configured and the clients involved have no prior address serving interactions the Netopia 4541 4542 will generally serve the first unused address from the first address pool with an available address The Netopia 4541 4542 starts from the pool on the first row and continues to the pool on the last row of this screen Once the address server and or the clients have participated in address serving transactions different rules apply m When requesting an address a client will often suggest an address to be assigned such as the one it was last served The Netopia 4541 4542 will attempt to honor this request if the address is available The client stores this address in non volatile storage for example on disk and the specific storage method location differs depending on the client operating system m When requesting an address a client may provide a client identifier or if it does not the Netopia 4541 4542 may c
128. ets for a variety of packet filtering applications Typically you use filters to selectively admit or refuse TCP IP connections from certain remote networks and specific hosts You will also use filters to screen particular types of connections This is commonly called firewalling your network Before creating filter sets you should read the next few sections to learn more about how these powerful security tools work What s a filter and what s a filter set A filter is a rule that lets you specify what sort of data can flow in and out of your network A particular filter can be either an input filter one that is used on data packets coming in to your network from the Internet or an output filter one that is used on data packets going out from your network to the Internet A filter set is a group of filters that work together to check incoming or outgoing data A filter set can consist of a combination of input and output filters How filter sets work A filter set acts like a team of customs inspectors Each filter is an inspector through which incoming and outgoing packages must pass The inspectors work as a team but each inspects every package individually Security 11 5 Each inspector has a specific task One inspector s task may be to examine the destination address of all outgoing packages That inspector looks for a certain destination which could be as specific as a street address or as broad as an entire country
129. eturn to bring up the ADSL Line Configuration menu screen DSL Line Configuration ADSL Line Configuration Circuit Type Multimode Data Link Encapsulation RFC1483 RFC1483 Mode Bridged 1483 PPP over Ethernet PPPOE off Data Circuit VPI 0 255 8 Data Circuit VCI 0 65535 35 PREVIOUS SCREEN N 1 Select Circuit Type and from the pop up menu choose the type of circuit to which you will be connecting Multimode T1 413 G dmt G lite or ADI 2 Select Data Link Encapsulation and from the pop up menu choose either RFC1483 the default or PPP m f you selected RFC1483 the next pop up menu RFC1483 Mode offers the choice of Bridged 1483 or 6 4 User s Reference Guide Routed 1483 If you select Bridged 1483 a new option PPP over Ethernet PPPoE appears You can then toggle PPPoE On or Off Choosing Routed 1483 hides the PPPoE option m f you selected PPP the next pop up menu PPP Mode offers the choice of VC Multiplexed or LLC SNAP 3 The next two fields Data Circuit VPI and Data Circuit VCI are editable Enter the Virtual Path Identifier and Virtual Channel Identifier values that your provider specifies 4 Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN Press Return to bring up the next screen Easy Setup Profile The Easy Setup Profile screen is where you configure the parameters that control the Netopia 4541 4542 s connection to a specific remote destinati
130. etwork and is destined for a public IP address configured on the Netopia Router the following comparisons are made in this order 1 The Netopia Router first checks its internal NAT cache to see if the data is part of a previously initiated connection if not 2 The Netopia Router checks the configured server lists to see if this traffic is intended to be forwarded to an internal host based on the type of service 3 The Netopia Router then checks to see if there is a static dynamic or PAT mapping for the public IP address that the connection is being initiated to 4 The Netopia Router answers the request itself if the data is destined for the Netopia s WAN interface IP address Otherwise the data is discarded Complex maps Map lists and server lists are completely independent of each other A Connection Profile can use one or the other or both MultiNAT allows complex mapping and requires more complex configuration than in earlier firmware versions Multiple mapped interior subnets are supported and the rules for mapping each of the subnets may be different The figure below illustrates a possible multiNAT configuration Public Addresses Private Addresses IP Host NAT Type 206 1 1 1 lt 7 192 168 1 253 Web FTP Server 1 1 Static 206 1 1 2 lt _ gt 5 192 168 1 254 Email Server 1 1 Static 206 1 1 3 lt _ 206 1 1 4 lt e 7 y 192 168 1 1 252 LAN Users 1 1 Dynamic 206 1 1 5 gt X D 206 1 1 6
131. etwork will usually combine the use of VPNs with the use of a firewall orsome similar mechanism This is because a VPN is not a complete security solution but rather a component of overall security Using a VPN will add security to transactions carried over a public network but a VPN alone will not prevent a public network from infiltrating a private network Therefore you should combine use of a firewall with VPNs where the firewall will secure the private network from infiltration from a public network and the VPN will secure the transactions that must cross the public network A strict firewall may not be provisioned to allow VPN traffic to pass back and forth as needed In order to ensure that a firewall will allow a VPN certain attributes must be added to the firewall s provisioning The provisions necessary vary slightly between ATMP and PPTP but both protocols operate on the same basic premise there are control and negotiation operations and there is the tunnelled traffic that carries the payload of data between the VPN endpoints The difference is that ATMP uses UDP to handle control and negotiation while PPTP uses TCP Then both ATMP and PPTP use GRE to carry the payload For PPTP negotiation to work TCP packets inbound and outbound destined for port 1723 must be allowed Likewise for ATMP negotiation to work UDP packets inbound and outbound destined for port 5150 must be allowed Source ports are dynamic so if possible make this fle
132. figured ranges are suitable for this mapping you can select lt lt NEW RANGE gt gt and create a new range If you choose lt lt NEW RANGE gt gt the Add NAT Public Range screen displays and you can create a new public range to be used by this map See Add NAT Public Range on page 9 9 m The Add NAT Map screen now displays the range you have assigned Add NAT Map First Private Address Last Private Address Use NAT Public Range Public Range Type is Public Range Start Address is my_map 192 168 1 1 192 168 1 254 my_first_range pat 206 1 1 6 m Select ADD NAT MAP and press Return Your mapping is added to your map list 9 12 User s Reference Guide Modifying map lists You can make changes to an existing map list after you have created it Since there may be more than one map list you must select which one you are modifying From the Network Address Translation screen select Show Change Map List and press Return m Select the map list you want to modify from the pop up menu Network Address Translation NAT Map List Name Add Out Easy PAT List Show Ch my_map Delete Add Map Show Ch Delete Add Ser Show Ch Delete NAT Ass Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to The Show Change NAT Map List screen appears Show Change NAT Map List Map List Name my_map Add Map Show Change Maps Delete Map
133. file cccsseeseeseeeeeeseeeeeeees 10 16 VPN DOUICK VIEW assucteinsscwaiacwxtasimancadeiomineaesatesaonstexdane 10 17 Dial Up Networking for VPN csssesseeseeceeeesseeeeeeeeeeess 10 18 Installing Dial Up Networking 10 18 Creating a new Dial Up Networking profile 10 19 Configuring a Dial Up Networking profile 10 20 installing the VPN CHORE r2ssecensasissndstotesradataidedaniietieiats 10 21 Windows 95 VPN installation 10 21 Windows 98 VPN installation 10 22 Connecting using Dial Up Networking 10 23 Allowing VPNs through a Firewall 10 23 PPTP COXA OG erenneren 10 24 ATIMP example sischcsnducnnamadaatanastobasencccemtaazanot 10 26 Chapter 11 S Curnity wedinauentewientanenseet iii 11 1 Suggested security MEASULES errereen 11 1 User ACCOUNTS isernia aaa 11 1 TENET aI CESS aiaa itaaninnatenarateanpneiesemionces 11 3 About filters and filter sets ann 114 What s a filter and what s a filter set 0 114 How filter S tS WOLK ccccececcseessseeseeseeeeeseeaeeneees 114 How individual filters WOrK csseseeeeeeeeeereeeeeees 1146 Design QUIGELINGS ccccccececeeseseeseeseeeeeeeeaneneess 11 11 Working with IP filters and filter sets 11 12 Adding a TILES Qlinidsssccersbasscmndvsd tenes ensin ots 11 12 Deleting a filter set 11 17 A sample filter set 11 17 FIFE Wall tutorial sscsssaucetacendatueavaprsnanonarienentantdeassanusagaat 11 20 General firewall terms ccce 11 20
134. forward this packet because the packet does not match Example 3 Filter Rule 200 1 1 96 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 240 Source IP Mask Forward No What happens on match Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 184 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 184 10111000 Source address in incoming IP packet AND 255 255 255 240 11110000 Perform the logical AND 10110000 Logical AND result Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia 4541 4542 is 01100000 and the source IP address after the logical AND is 1011000 this rule does not match and this packet will be forwarded Security 11 27 Example 4 Filter Rule 200 1 1 96 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 240 Source IP Mask Forward No What happens on match Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 104 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 104 01101000 Source address in incoming IP packet AND 255 255 255 240 11110000 Perform the logical AND 01100000 Logical AND result Since the Source IP Network Address in the Netopia 4541 4542 is 01100000 and the source IP address after the logical AND is 01100000 this rule does match and this packet will not be forwarded Example 5 Filter Rule 200 1 1 96 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 255 Source IP Mask Forward No What happens on match
135. ft Windows Dial Up Networking software permits a remote standalone workstation to establish a VPN tunnel to a PPTP server such as a Netopia Router located at a central site Dial Up Networking also allows a mobile user who may not be connected to a PAC to dial into an intermediate ISP and establish a VPN tunnel to for example a corporate headquarters remotely Netopia Routers also can serve as a PAC at the workstation s site making it unnecessary for the standalone workstation to initiate the tunnel In such a case the Dial Up Networking software is not required since the Netopia Router initiates the tunnel This section is provided for users who may require the VPN client software for Dial Up Networking in order to connect to an ISP who provides a PPTP account Microsoft Windows Dial Up Networking DUN is the means by which you can initiate a VPN tunnel between your individual remote client workstation and a private network such as your corporate LAN via the Internet DUN is a software adapter that allows you to establish a tunnel DUN is a free add on available for Windows 95 and comes standard with Windows 98 and Windows NT The VPN tunnel behaves as a private network connection unrelated to other traffic on the network Once you have installed Dial Up Networking you will be able to connect to your remote site as if you had a direct private connection regardless of the intervening network s through which your data passes You may need to ins
136. h an asterisk Both the WAN Event History and Device Event History retain records of the 128 most recent events In the Statistics amp Logs screen select WAN Event History or Device Event History Monitoring Tools 12 5 WAN Event History The WAN Event History screen lists a total of 128 events on the WAN The most recent events appear at the top Event History Current Date 10 11 2001 03 02 23 PM Event SCROLL UP 7 03 98 DSL IP up channel 1 gateway 173 166 107 1 7 03 98 259 DSL Channel 1 up 7 03 98 259 gt gt WAN data link activated at 1040 Kbps 7 03 98 258 Device restarted 7 03 98 246 Device restarted 7 03 98 245 Device restarted 7 02 98 258 L IP up channel 1 gateway 173 166 107 1 7 02 98 258 L Channel 1 up 7 02 98 258 data link activated at 1040 Kbps 7 02 98 57s L IP down channel 1 7 02 98 S573 Li 1 down No Synch 7 02 98 257 data link deactivated 7 02 98 248 L IP up channel 1 gateway 173 166 107 1 7 02 98 248 L Channel 1 up SCROLL DOWN Clear History Return Enter on event item for details or SCROLL UP DOWN item for scrolling Each entry in the list contains the following information Date Date of the event Time Time of the event Event A brief description of the event Ch The channel involved in the event The first event in each call sequence is marked with double arrows gt gt Failures are marke
137. he intended recipient The recipient must have the means to decrypt the data to render it usable to them The encryption process protects the data by making it difficult for any third party to get at the original data Netopia PPTP is fully compatible with Microsoft Point to Point Encryption MPPE data encryption for user data transfer over the PPTP tunnel Microsoft Windows NT Server provides MPPE encryption capability only when Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol MS CHAP is enabled Netopia complies with this feature to allow MPPE only when MS CHAP is negotiated MS CHAP and MPPE are user selectable options in the PPTP Tunnel Options screen If either the client or the server side specifies encryption then encryption becomes mandatory for both Netopia s ATMP implementation supports Data Encryption Standard DES data encryption for user data transfer over the ATMP tunnel between two Netopia routers The encryption option none or DES is a selectable option in the ATMP Tunnel Options screen MS CHAP V2 and 128 bit strong encryption Notes m The Netopia 4541 4542 supports 128 bit strong encryption when using PPTP tunnels ATMP does not have an option of using 128 bit MPPE If you are using ATMP between two Netopia routers you can optionally set 56 bit DES encryption m When you choose MS CHAP as the authentication method for a PPTP tunnel the Netopia router will start negotiating MS CHAPv2 If the router or VPN
138. ient and server model Netopia s PPTP implementation is compatible with Microsoft s and can function as either the client PAC or the server PNS As a client a Netopia R Series router can provide all users ona LAN with secure access over the Internet to the resources of another LAN by setting up a tunnel with a Windows NT server running Remote Access Services RAS or with another Netopia Router As a server a Netopia R series router can provide remote users a secure connection to the resources of the LAN over a dial up cable DSL or any other type of Internet access Because PPTP can create a VPN tunnel using the Dial Up Networking DUN see Dial Up Networking for VPN on page 10 18 utility built into Windows 95 98 or NT no additional client software is required Ascend Tunnel Management Protocol ATMP is the protocol that is implemented in many Ascend routers ATMP is a simple protocol for connecting nodes and or networks together over the Internet via a tunnel ATMP encapsulates IP or other user data without PPP headers within General Routing Encapsulation GRE protocol over IP ATMP is more efficient than PPTP for network to network tunnels IPsec stands for IP Security a set of protocols that supports secure exchange of IP packets at the IP layer IPsec is deployed widely to implement Virtual Private Networks VPNs IPsec supports two encryption modes Transport and Tunnel Transport mode encrypts only the data portion payload
139. ify a Send Password the CHAP and MS CHAP term for password used for authenticating the tunnel when initiating a tunnel connection m You can specify a Receive Host Name which is used with the Receive Secret for authenticating a remote PPTP client m You must specify a Receive Password used for authenticating the remote PPTP client m Youcan specify that this router will Initiate Connections acting as a PAC or only answer them acting as a PNS m Tunnels are normally initiated On Demand however you can disable this feature When disabled the tunnel must be manually established or may be scheduled using the scheduled connections feature See Scheduled connections on page 7 8 m Some networks that use Microsoft Windows NT PPTP Network Servers require additional authentication information called Windows NT Domain Name when answering PPTP tunnel connection requests Not all Windows NT installations require this information since not all such installations use this authentication feature The Windows NT Domain Name is not the same as the Internet domain name but is the name of a group of servers that share common security policy and user account databases Your PPTP tunnel partner s administrator will supply this Windows NT Domain Name if it is required If you configure your Netopia 4541 4542 to initiate PPTP tunnel connections by toggling Initiate Connections to Yes the Optional Windows NT Domain Name field appears Enter the domain na
140. igured to forward m Discarded if the set contains a combination of forward and discard filters Disadvantages of filters Although using filter sets can greatly enhance network security there are disadvantages m Filters are complex Combining them in filter sets introduces subtle interactions increasing the likelihood of implementation errors m Enabling a large number of filters can have a negative impact on performance Processing of packets will take longer if they have to go through many checkpoints m Too much reliance on packet filters can cause too little reliance on other security methods Filter sets are not a substitute for password protection effective safeguarding of passwords caller ID the must match option in the answer profile PAP or CHAP in connection profiles callback and general awareness of how your network may be vulnerable 11 12 User s Reference Guide An approach to using filters The ultimate goal of network security is to prevent unauthorized access to the network without compromising authorized access Using filter sets is part of reaching that goal Each filter set you design will be based on one of the following approaches m That which is not expressly prohibited is permitted m That which is not expressly permitted is prohibited It is strongly recommended that you take the latter and safer approach to all of your filter set designs Working with IP filters and filter sets This section c
141. ine Static one to one mapping works well if you have enough IP addresses for all the workstations on your LAN If you do not Dynamic NAT allows machines to make full use of the publicly routable IP addresses provided by the ISP as necessary on demand When these public IP addresses are no longer being used by a particular workstation they are returned to a pool of available addresses for other workstations to use A common example is a DSL customer s application Most DSL ISPs only provide customers with a few IP addresses for use on their network For networks with more than four or five machines it is usually mandatory to use NAT A customer may have 15 workstations on the LAN all of which need Internet access The customer is only provided five IP addresses by their ISP The customer has eight hosts which only need to use email and have Web access but another seven hosts which use NetMeeting to communicate with clients once or twice a day NetMeeting will not work unless a static one to one mapping exists for the machine running NetMeeting to use for communication The customer does not have enough IP addresses to create a one to one mapping for each of the seven users This is where dynamic NAT applies The customer can configure four of these addresses to be used for Dynamic NAT The fifth address is then used for the eight other machines that do not need one to one mappings As each machine configured to use addresses from the dynamic pool
142. ing IP Profile Options screen is displayed for an IPsec Connection Profile IP Profile Options SPI Security Parameters Index 123456789 Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address 0 0 0 0 Idle Timeout seconds 300 Remote Members Network 0 0 0 0 Remote Members Mask 0 0 0 0 Address Translation Enabled Yes NAT Map List Easy PAT List NAT Server List Easy Servers PAT IP Address Tes Ls dT Filter Set lt lt None gt gt Remove Filter Set Advanced IP Profile Options COMMIT m You must specify an SPI Security Parameters Index which is the ESP receive side SPI and the default SPI for ESP transmit AH receive and AH transmit It must be unique relative to any other configuration profile ESP Receive SPls See Advanced IP Profile Options on page 10 11 m You must specify a Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address Specify the IP address of your tunnel partner the endpoint of the tunnel The Remote Tunnel Endpoint Address may be 0 0 0 0 which implies that the IPsec tunnel will not be established until packets are received on the SPI specified At that time the tunnel will be bound to the Remote Tunnel Endpoint until traffic from the remote gateway ceases for a timeout period m You can Specify the Idle Timeout an inactivity timer whose expiration will terminate the tunnel A value of zero disables the timer Because tunnels are subject to abrupt termination when the underlying datalink is torn down use
143. ing TCP IP on Windows based Computers on page 3 1 m Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh Computers on page 3 5 Configuring TCP IP on Windows based Computers Configuring TCP IP on a Windows computer requires the following m An Ethernet card also known as a network adapter m The TCP IP protocol must be bound to the adapter or card 3 2 User s Reference Guide Dynamic configuration recommended To configure your PC for dynamic addressing do the following Pitan emi diene Go to the Start Menu Settings Control Panels and double click the Network icon From the Network components list select the Configuration tab 2 Select TCP IP gt Your Network Card Then select Properties In the TCP IP Properties screen select the IP Address tab Click Obtain an IP Address automatically 3 Click on the DNS Configuration tab Click Disable DNS DNS will be assigned by the router with DHCP 4 Click OK in this window and the next window When prompted reboot the computer Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your network to accept IP addresses served by the Netopia 4541 4542 Sharing the Connection 3 3 Static configuration optional If you are manually configuring for a fixed or static IP address perform the following 1 Go to Start Menu Settings Control Panels and double click the Network icon From the Network components list select the Configuration tab
144. ions are MM DD YY DD MM YY and YY MM DD where M is month D is day and Y is year 6 Select a System Time Format either AM PM or 24hrs 7 Press Escape to return to the System Configuration menu Console configuration You can change the default terminal communications parameters to suit your requirements To go to the Console Configuration screen select Console Configuration in the System Configuration screen Console Configuration Baud Rate 57600 ET CONFIG NOW Follow these steps to change a parameter s value 1 Select 57600 38400 19200 or 9600 2 Select SET CONFIG NOW to save the new parameter settings Select CANCEL to leave the parameter unchanged and exit the Console Configuration screen SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol These screens allow you to monitor and configure your network by means of a standard Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP agent m Details are given in SNMP on page 12 9 7 18 User s Reference Guide Security These screens allow you to add users and define passwords on your network m Details are given in Security on page 11 1 Upgrade feature set You can upgrade your Netopia 4541 4542 by adding new feature sets through the Upgrade Feature Set utility See the release notes that came with your router or feature set upgrade or visit the Netopia Web site at www netopia com for information on new feature sets how to obtain them and how to insta
145. l server s IP address for the Server Private IP Address You can decide if you want to present both your Web and Mail services as being on the same public address 206 1 1 2 or if you prefer to have your Mail server appear to be at a different IP address 206 1 1 3 For the sake of this example alias both services to 206 1 1 2 Now as before the PAT configuration will allow any user on the Netopia Router s LAN with an IP address in the range of 192 168 1 6 through 192 168 1 254 to initiate traffic flow to the Internet Someone at the FTP server can access the Internet and the Internet can access all services of the FTP machine as if it were at 206 1 1 5 The router cannot directly communicate with the outside world The only communication between the Web server and the Internet is through port 80 the Web port as if the server were located on a machine at IP address 206 1 1 2 Similarly the only communication with the Mail server is through port 25 the SMTP port as if it were located at IP address 206 1 1 2 Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 1 Chapter 10 Virtual Private Networks VPNs The Netopia 4541 4542 offers IPsec PPTP and ATMP tunneling support for Virtual Private Networks VPN The following topics are covered in this chapter m Overview on page 10 1 m About PPTP Tunnels on page 10 3 m About IPsec Tunnels on page 10 7 m About ATMP Tunnels on page 10 12 m Encryption Support on page 10 15 m ATMP PPTP Default
146. layed at the bottom of the screen Navigating through the console screens Use your keyboard to navigate the Netopia 4541 4542 s configuration screens enter and edit information and make choices The following table lists the keys to use to navigate through the console screens To Use These Keys Move through selectable items in a screen or pop up menu Up Down Left and Right Arrow Set a change to a selected item or open a pop up menu of Return or Enter options for a selected item like entering an upgrade key Change a toggle value Yes No On Off Tab Restore an entry or toggle value to its previous value Esc Move one item up Up arrow or Control K Move one item down Down arrow or Control O Display a dump of the device event log Control E Display a dump of the WAN event log Control F Refresh the screen Control L Easy Setup 6 1 Chapter 6 Easy Setup This chapter describes how to use the Easy Setup console screens on your Netopia 4541 4542 After completing the Easy Setup console screens your router will be ready to connect to the Internet or another remote site Easy Setup console screens Using four Easy Setup console screens you can Modify a connection profile for your router for the connection to your ISP or remote location m Setup IP addresses and IP address serving m Password protect configuration access to your Netopia 4541 4542 Accessing the Easy Setup
147. le The list of connection profiles is displayed in a scrolling pop up screen WAN Configuration Profile Name Ta 7 IP Address Easy Setup Profile 127 0 0 2 Profile 1 0 0 0 0 Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to 8 28 User s Reference Guide Multiple Network Address Translation 9 1 Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation The Netopia 4541 4542 offers advanced Multiple Network Address Translation functionality You should read this chapter completely before attempting to configure any of the advanced NAT features This chapter covers the following topics m Overview on page 9 1 m MultiNAT Configuration on page 9 5 m Easy Setup Profile configuration on page 9 6 m Server Lists and Dynamic NAT configuration on page 9 6 m Adding Server Lists on page 9 14 m Binding Map Lists and Server Lists on page 9 20 m NAT Associations on page 9 24 m MultiNAT Configuration Example on page 9 26 Overview NAT Network Address Translation is a means of mapping one or more IP addresses and or IP service ports into different values This mapping serves two functions m It allows the addresses of many computers on a LAN to be represented to the public Internet by only one or a few addresses saving you money m Itcan be used as a Security feature by obscuring the true addresses of important machines from potential hackers on the Internet To help you understand some of
148. licitly configured connection profile If your ISP is serving you a dynamic IP Address you need not explicitly configure a connection profile and the default behavior of the router will be to connect automatically once it is powered on 7 8 User s Reference Guide IP parameters default profile screen If you are using RFC1483 datalink encapsulation the IP Parameters Default Profile screen allows you to configure various IP parameters for ADSL connections established without an explicitly configured connection profile IP Parameters Default Profile Address Translation Enabled Filter Set Firewall Remove Filter Set Receive RIP Transmit RIP Return Enter accepts Tab toggles ESC cancels For an ADSL link Network Address Translation NAT is disabled by default in the Default Profile You can enable it by toggling to Yes For details on setting up IP Parameters see IP Setup on page 8 2 Scheduled connections Scheduled connections are useful for PPPoE PPTP and ATMP connection profiles To go to the Scheduled Connections screen select Scheduled Connections in the WAN Configuration screen Main WAN pe Scheduled Menu Configuration Connections WAN and System Configuration 7 9 Scheduled Connections Display Change Scheduled Connection Add Scheduled Connection Delete Scheduled Connection Navigate from here to add modify change d
149. ll them on your Netopia 4541 4542 Logging You can configure a UNIX compatible syslog client to report a number of subsets of the events entered in the router s WAN Event History See WAN Event History on page 12 5 The Syslog client for the PC only is available on the Netopia CD Select Logging from the System Configuration menu The Logging Configuration screen appears Logging Configuration WAN Event Log Options Log Boot and Errors Log Line Specific Log Connections Log PPP DHCP CNA Log IP Syslog Parameters Syslog Enabled No Hostname or IP Address Facility Local 0 By default all events are logged in the event history By toggling each event descriptor to either Yes or No you can determine which ones are logged and which are ignored m You can enable or disable the syslog client dynamically When enabled it will report any appropriate and previously unreported events m You can Specify the syslog server s address either in dotted decimal format or as a DNS name up to 63 characters WAN and System Configuration 7 19 m You can specify the UNIX syslog Facility to use by selecting the Facility pop up m Erase the log by selecting DUMP WAN LOG Installing the Syslog client The Goodies folder on the Netopia CD contains a Syslog client daemon program that can be configured to report the WAN events you specified in the Logging Configuration screen To install the Syslog client da
150. me your network administrator has supplied m You can Specify the Idle Timeout an inactivity timer whose expiration will terminate the tunnel A value of zero disables the timer Because tunnels are subject to abrupt termination when the underlying datalink is torn down use of the Idle Timeout is strongly encouraged m Return to the Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape m Select IP Profile Parameters and press Return Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 7 The IP Profile Parameters screen appears P Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Yes NAT Map List Easy PAT NAT Server List Easy Servers Local WAN IP Address 0 0 0 0 Remote IP Address 173 167 8 10 Remote IP Mask 2553259 00 Filter Set Remove Filter Set RIP Profile Options m Enter the Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask for the host to which you want to tunnel About IPsec Tunnels IPsec stands for IP Security a set of protocols that supports secure exchange of IP packets at the IP layer IPsec is deployed widely to implement Virtual Private Networks VPNs See Overview on page 10 1 for more information IPsec supports two encryption modes Transport and Tunnel Transport mode encrypts only the data portion payload of each packet but leaves the header untouched The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload On the receiving side an IPsec compliant device decrypts each packet Netopia Route
151. mplete 0 0 not installed tialization complete 0 0 01 0 0 0 0 0 C lear History Return Enter on nt item for details or SCROLL UP DOWN item for scrolling If the event history exceeds the size of the screen you can scroll through it by using SCROLL UP and SCROLL DOWN To scroll up select SCROLL UP at the top of the list and press Return To scroll down select SCROLL DOWN at the bottom of the list and press Return To obtain more information about any event listed in the Device Event History select the event and then press Return A dialog box containing more information about the selected event appears Press Return or Escape to dismiss the dialog box To clear the Device Event History select Clear History and press Return Monitoring Tools 12 7 IP Routing Table Main Menu Statistics amp Logs gt IP Routing Table The IP routing table displays all of the IP routes currently known to the Netopia 4541 4542 IP Routing Table Network Address Subnet Mask ia Router Port 0 0 0 255 0 0 0 127 0 0 21 255 255 255 sL Loopback 192 1 0 2994299295 192 168 1 Ethernet 192 lst 259 255 255 192 168 1 Ethernet 192 vo 255 255 255 192 168 1 15 Ethernet 0 2 224 0 295 224 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LOr 202 ZO LZI0 e200 299 200 2006200 SCROLL The routing table screen represents a snapshot of the routi
152. n The ICMP Ping screen appears ICMP Ping Name of Host to Ping Packets to Send Data Size Delay seconds START PING Status Packets Out Packets In Packets Lost 0 Round Trip Time Min Max Avg 000 0 000 0 000 secs Enter the IP Address Domain Name of a host to Send ICMP Echo Requests to a network host To configure and initiate a Ping test follow these steps 1 2 Select Name of Host to Ping and enter the destination domain name or IP address Select Packets to Send to change the default setting This is the total number of packets to be sent during the Ping test The default setting is adequate in most cases but you can change it to any value from 1 to 4 294 967 295 Select Data Size to change the default setting This is the size in bytes of each Ping packet sent The default setting is adequate in most cases but you can change it to any value from 0 only header data to 1664 Select Delay seconds to change the default setting The delay in seconds determines the time between Ping packets sent The default setting is adequate in most cases but you can change it to any value from 0 to 4 294 967 A delay of 0 seconds forces packets to be sent immediately one after another Select START PING and press Return to begin the Ping test While the test is running the START PING item becomes STOP PING To manually stop the Ping test select STOP PING and press Return or Escape While th
153. n the range of IP addresses being distributed by DHCP m The static route s Next Gateway IP Address is determined to be unreachable by the Netopia 4541 4542 m The static route s route information conflicts with a connection profile s route information m The connection profile associated with the static route has a disabled dial on demand setting and there is no current connection using that connection profile A static route that is already installed in the IP routing table will be removed if any of the conditions listed above become true for that static route However an enabled static route is automatically reinstalled once the conditions listed above are no longer true for that static route 8 10 User s Reference Guide IP Address Serving te T IP gareng eE Clents menu Configuration Serving Serve Dynamic WAN Clients In addition to being a router the Netopia 4541 4542 is also an IP address server There are three protocols it can use to distribute IP addresses The first called Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is widely supported on PC networks as well as Apple Macintosh computers using Open Transport and computers using the UNIX operating system Addresses assigned via DHCP are leased or allocated for a short period of time if a lease is not renewed the address becomes available for use by another computer DHCP also allows most of the IP parameters for a computer to be configured
154. nce Guide Served IP Addresses IP Address Expires Host Name Client Identifier SCROLL UP 192 1 192 1 192 1 192 1 192 168 1 1 192 168 1 1 IP Address is 192 168 1 108 192 168 1 1 MAC Address 00 00 c5 45 89 ef 192 168 1 1 192 1 eka EL OK 192 1 Tg 192 1 192 1 192 1 192 1 a SCROLL DOWN Lease Management The router s Ethernet IP address es will be automatically excluded from the address serving pool s on startup Entries in the served IP address list corresponding to the router s Ethernet IP address es that have been automatically excluded on startup are not selectable Served IP Addresses IP Address Type Expires Host Name Client Identifier res SCROLL UP E 192 168 1 1 Excluded for the router s IP address 192 168 1 2 Excluded 192 168 1 DHCP 00 24 Barr s XPi 120 192 1 1 OR ol 192 1 192 1 TIZ 192 1 192 1 FIZE 192 1 192 1 192 a SCROLL DOWN Lease Management Hit RETURN ENTER for available operations IP Setup 8 23 DHCP Relay Agent The Netopia 4541 4542 offers DHCP Relay Agent functionality as defined in RFC1542 A DHCP relay agent is a computer system or a router that is configured to forward DHCP requests from clients on the LAN to a remote DHCP server and to pass the replies back to the requesting client systems When a DHCP client starts up it has
155. ne used with Basic Firewall The results of combining filter set modifications can be difficult to predict It is recommended that you take special care if you are making more than one modification to the sample filter set Trusted host To allow unlimited access bya trusted remote host with the IP address a b c d corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163 176 8 243 insert the following input filter ahead of the current input filter 1 m Enabled Yes m Forward Yes m Source IP Address a b c d m Source IP Address Mask 255 255 255 255 m Dest IP Address 0 0 0 0 m Dest IP Address Mask 0 0 0 0 m Protocol Type 0 Trusted subnet To allow unlimited access by a trusted remote subnet with subnet address a b c d corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163 176 8 0 and subnet mask e f g h corresponding to a numbered IP mask such as 255 255 255 0 insert the following input filter ahead of the current input filter 1 m Enabled Yes m Forward Yes m Source IP Address a b c d m Source IP Address Mask e f g h m Dest IP Address 0 0 0 0 m Dest IP Address Mask 0 0 0 0 m Protocol Type 0 11 20 User s Reference Guide FTP sessions To allow WAN originated FTP sessions to a LAN based FTP server with the IP address a b c d corresponding to a numbered IP address such as 163 176 8 243 insert the following input filter ahead of the current input filter 1 m Enabled Yes m Forward Yes m Source IP Address 0
156. ng table information at the time the screen is first invoked To take a new snapshot select Update at the bottom of the screen and press Return General Statistics Main Menu General Statistics Statistics amp Logs The General Statistics screen displays information about data traffic on the Netopia 4541 4542 s data ports This information is useful for monitoring and troubleshooting your LAN Note that the counters roll over at their maximum field width that is they restart again at 0 12 8 User s Reference Guide General Statistics Physical I F Rx Bytes Tx Bytes Rx Pkts Tx Pkts Rx Err Tx Err Ethernet Hub 1234567 123456 123456 123456 123456 12345 ATM ADSL 1 1234567 123456 123456 123456 123456 12345 Network Rx Bytes Tx Bytes Rx Pkts Tx Pkts Rx Err Tx Err IP 1234567 123456 123456 123456 123456 12345 vc Traffic Statistics Physical Interface The top left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted for the following data ports m Ethernet m DSL Network Interface The bottom left side of the screen lists total packets received and total packets transmitted m IP IP packets on the Ethernet The right side of the table lists the total number of occurrences of each of six types of communication statistics Rx Bytes The number of bytes received Tx Bytes The number of bytes transmitted Rx Packets The number of
157. ng the VPN client software in a standalone remote connection Note You must choose which protocol you will be using since you cannot both export PPTP and use ATMP or vice versa at the same time Having both an ATMP tunnel and a PPTP export is not possible because functions require GRE and the router s PPTP export server does not distinguish the GRE packets it forwards Since it processes all of them ATMP tunneling is impaired For example you cannot run an ATMP tunnel between two routers and also have PPTP exported on one side Summary A Virtual Private Network VPN connects the components of one network over another network VPNs accomplish this by allowing you to tunnel through the Internet or another public network in a manner that provides the same security and features formerly available only in private networks VPNs allow networks to communicate across an IP network Your local networks connected to the Netopia Router can exchange data with remote networks that are also connected to a VPN capable router This feature provides individuals at home on the road or in branch offices with a cost effective and secure way to access resources on remote LANs connected to the Internet with Netopia Routers The feature is built around three key technologies PPTP IPsec and ATMP About PPTP Tunnels To set up a PPTP tunnel you create a Connection Profile including the IP address and other relevant information for the remote PPTP
158. no IP address nor does it know the IP address of a DHCP server Therefore it uses an IP broadcast to communicate with one or more DHCP servers These broadcasts are normally limited to the network segment on which the client is located and do not pass through routers such as the Netopia Router If the Netopia Router is configured to act as a DHCP server it will assign the client an address from an address pool configured locally in the Netopia Router and respond to the client s request itself However if the Netopia Router is configured to act as a DHCP relay agent it does not satisfy the DHCP request itself but instead forwards the request to one or more remote DHCP servers These servers process the request assign an address from an address pool configured on the remote server and forward the response back to the Netopia Router for delivery back to the client The agent then sends the response to the client on behalf of the DHCP server This process is transparent to the client which doesn t know that it is communicating through an intermediary rather than directly to a local server Using DHCP relay it is possible to centralize the configuration information for the host computers at many remote sites at a single location easing the burden of administering configuration management for remote sites To configure the Netopia Router to act as a DHCP relay agent from the Main Menu navigate to the System Configuration menu Main System IP Addre
159. nslation screen The Add NAT Server List screen appears Add NAT Server List Server List Name my_servers Add Server m Select Server List Name and type in a descriptive name A new menu item Add Server appears Multiple Network Address Translation 9 15 m Select Add Server and press Return The Add NAT Server screen appears Add NAT Server my_servers Service Server Private IP Address 192 168 1 45 Public IP Address 206 1 1 1 ADD NAT SE m Select Service and press Return A pop up menu appears listing a selection of commonly exported services Add NAT Server my_servers Port s Service ftp telnet Server Private IP Address smtp tftp Public IP Address gopher finger www http pop2 pop3 snmp 161 162 timbuktu 407 pptp 1723 acc 6665 6669 Other ADD NAT SERVE CANCEL m Choose the service you want to export and press Return You can choose a preconfigured service from the list or define your own by selecting Other If you select Other a screen is displayed that allows you to enter the port number range for your customized service 9 16 User s Reference Guide Other Exported Port First Port Number 1 65535 31337 Last Port Number 1 65535 31337 m Enter the First and Last Port Number between ports 1 and 65535 Select OK and press Return You will be returned to the Add NAT Server screen m Enter the Server P
160. nstalled and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation FCC Requirements Part 68 The Federal Communications Commission FCC has established Rules which permit this device to be directly connected to the telephone network Standardized jacks are used for these connections This equipment should not be used on party lines or coin phones If this device is malfunctioning it may also be causing harm to the telephone network this device should be disconnected until the source of the problem can be determined and until repair has been made If this is not done the telephone company may temporarily disconnect service Technical Specifications and Safety Information B 3 The telephone company may make changes in its technical operations and procedures if such changes affect the compatibility or use of this device the telephone company is required to give adequate notice of the changes You will be advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC If the telephone company requests information
161. nsult with your network administrator to obtain the information you will need For more information about setting up IP see IP Setup on page 8 2 6 6 User s Reference Guide Easy Setup Ethernet IP Address 168 1 1 Ethernet Subnet Mask 3 200 6290 s 0 Domain Name net Primary Domain Name Server R RN Secondary Domain Name Server 3 224 20 Default IP Gateway 0 0 2 IP Address Serving Number of Client IP Addresses 0 lst Client Address 168 1 100 PREVIOUS SCREEN NEXT SCREEN Enter an IP address in decimal and dot form xxx xxx xxx xxx Set up the basic IP amp IPX attributes of your Netopia in this screen 1 Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the first IP address from the IP address range your ISP has given you This will be the Netopia Router s IP address The Ethernet IP Address defaults to an address 192 168 1 1 within a range reserved by the Internet address administration authority for use within private networks Because this is a private network address it should never be directly connected to the Internet Using NAT for all your connection profiles will ensure this restriction See Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation for more information 2 Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask your ISP has given you The Ethernet Subnet Mask defaults to a standard class mask derived from the class of the Ethernet IP address you entered in
162. nt Addr Clients Client Gateway 192 128 117 0 253 192 128 117 196 16 192 128 117 162 192 129 1170 253 192 129 117 110 8 192 129 117 4 This screen consists of between two and eight rows of four columns each There are exactly as many rows as there are Ethernet IP subnets configured on the IP Subnets screen The Subnet host addrs column is non selectable and non editable It indicates the network address of the Ethernet IP subnet for which an address pool is being configured and the number of host addresses available on the subnet The network address is equal to the router s IP address on the subnet bitwise ANDed with the subnet mask The host address count is equal to the subnet size minus three since one address is reserved for the network address one for the subnet broadcast address and one for the router s interface address on the subnet You can edit the remaining columns in each row The 1st Client Addr and Clients columns allow you to specify the base and extent of the address serving pool for a particular subnet Entering 0 0 0 0 for the first client address or 0 for the number of clients indicates that no addresses will be served from the corresponding Ethernet IP subnet The Client Gateway column allows you to specify the default gateway address that will be provided to clients served an address from the corresponding pool The value defaults to the Netopia 4541 4542 s IP address on the corresponding subnet or the N
163. of each packet but leaves the header untouched The more secure Tunnel mode encrypts both the header and the payload On Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 3 the receiving side an IPsec compliant device decrypts each packet The Netopia 4541 4542 supports the more secure Tunnel mode DES stands for Data Encryption Standard a popular symmetric key encryption method DES uses a 56 bit key The Netopia 4541 4542 offers IPsec DES encryption over the VPN tunnel When used to initiate the tunnelled connection the Netopia 4541 4542 is called a PPTP Access Concentrator PAC in PPTP language or a foreign agent in ATMP language When used to answer the tunnelled connection the Netopia Router is called a PPTP Network Server PNS in PPTP language or a home agent in ATMP language In either case the Netopia Router wraps or encapsulates information that one end of the tunnel exchanges with the other in a wrapper called General Routing Encapsulation GRE at one end of the tunnel and unwraps or decapsulates it at the other end Configuring the Netopia Router for use with the different protocols is done through the console based menu screens Each type is described in its own section m About PPTP Tunnels on page 10 3 m About IPsec Tunnels on page 10 7 m About ATMP Tunnels on page 10 12 Your configuration depends on which protocol you and the router at the other end of your tunnel will use and whether or not you will be usi
164. of the other end of the tunnel When unspecified the gateway can not initiate tunnels i e act as a foreign agent for this profile it can only accept tunnel requests as a home agent m When you specify the ATMP Partner IP Address and the address is in the same subnet as the Remote IP Address you specified in the IP Profile Parameters you can specify the route Tunnel Via Gateway by which 10 14 User s Reference Guide the gateway partner is reached If you do not specify the ATMP Partner IP Address the router will use the default gateway to reach the partner and the Tunnel Via Gateway field is hidden If the partner should be reached via an alternate port i e the LAN instead of the WAN the Tunnel Via Gateway field allows this path to be resolved m You can specify a Network Name When the tunnel partner is another Netopia router this name may be used to match against a Connection Profile When the partner is an Ascend router in Gateway mode then Network Name is used by the Ascend router to match a gateway profile When the partner is an Ascend router in Router mode leave this field blank m You must specify a Password used for authenticating the tunnel Note The Password entry will be the same for both ends of the tunnel m For Netopiato Netopia connections only you can specify a Data Encryption algorithm for the ATMP connection from the pop up menu either DES or None None is the default Note Ascend does not support DES
165. ofiles for a total of 16 although only one can be used at a time unless you are using VPNs 1 Select Profile Name and enter a name for this connection profile It can be any name you wish For example the name of your ISP 8 26 User s Reference Guide 2 Toggle the Profile Enabled value to Yes or No The default is Yes 3 Select IP Profile Parameters and press Return The IP Profile Parameters screen appears IP Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Yes IP Addressing Numbered NAT Map List Easy PAT List NAT Server List Easy Servers Local WAN IP Address Local WAN IP Mask Remote IP Address Remote IP Mask Filter Set Remove Filter Set RIP Profile Options Configure IP requirements for a remote network connection here 4 Toggle or enter any IP parameters you require and return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape For more information on NAT see Multiple Network Address Translation beginning on page 9 1 The Local WAN IP Address is displayed for numbered or NAT profiles The Local WAN IP Mask is displayed for numbered profiles The Remote IP Address and Remote IP Mask are displayed for unnumbered profiles IP Setup 8 27 Select ADD PROFILE NOW and press Return Your new connection profile will be added If you want to view the connection profiles in your router return to the WAN Configuration screen and select Display Change Connection Profi
166. om the router but cannot modify the router s configuration An SNMP manager using the Read Write Community String can both examine and modify configuration parameters Monitoring Tools 12 11 By default the read only and read write community strings are set to public and private respectively You should change both of the default community strings to values known only to you and trusted system adminis trators To change a community string select it and enter a new value Starting with the version 4 3 firmware setting the Read Only and Read Write community strings to the empty string will block all SNMP requests to the router The router may still send SNMP Traps if those are properly enabled Previously if either community string was the empty string SNMP Requests specifying an empty community string were accepted and processed This change is designed to allow the administrator to block SNMP access to the router and to provide more granular control over the allowed SNMP operations to the router m Setting only the Read Write community string to the empty string will block SNMP Set Requests to the router but Get Requests and Get Next Requests will still be honored using the Read Only community string assuming that is not the empty string m Setting only the Read Only community string to the empty string will not block Get Requests or Get Next Requests since those operations and Set Requests are still allowed using the non
167. omponents installed before they can communicate through the Netopia 4541 4542 The following illustration shows the minimal requirements for a typical PC or Macintosh computer Application software TCP IP stack Ethernet Driver Your PC or Macintosh computer To the Netopia Application software This is the software you use to send e mail browse the World Wide Web read newsgroups etc These applications may require some configuration Examples include the Eudora e mail client and the Web browsers Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator TCP IP stack This is the software that lets your PC or Macintosh computer communicate using Internet protocols TCP IP stacks must be configured with some of the same information you used to configure the Netopia 4541 4542 There are a number of TCP IP stacks available for PC computers Windows 95 includes a built in TCP IP stack Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport See Configuring TCP IP on Windows based Computers on page 3 1 Macintosh computers use either MacTCP or Open Transport See Configuring TCP IP on Macintosh Computers on page 3 5 Ethernet Ethernet hardware and software drivers enable your PC or Macintosh computer to communicate on the LAN 4 2 User s Reference Guide Once the Netopia 4541 4542 is properly configured and connected to your LAN PC and Macintosh computers that have their required components in place will be able to
168. on usually your ISP or a corporate site On a Netopia 4541 4542 you can add up to 15 more connection profiles for a total of 16 although you can only use one at a time unless you are using Virtual Private Networks VPNs Connection Profile 1 Connection Profile Name Address Translation IP Addressing Local WAN IP Mask Remote IP Address Remote IP Mask PPP Authentication EVIOUS SCREE Enabled Local WAN IP Address Easy Setup Profile Easy Setup Profile Yes Note The appearance of this screen varies depending on the settings in the previous screen 1 To enable address translation toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes the default For more information on Network Address Translation see Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation 2 From the IP Addressing menu item choose between Unnumbered and Numbered addressing Numbered is the default for ADSL It assigns a unique IP address to the ADSL WAN interface as required by most ISPs routers Unnumbered may be used for simpler configurations such as point to point applications Easy Setup 6 5 If you selected Numbered the following fields appear Select the editable field labeled Local WAN IP Address The default address is 0 0 0 0 which allows for dynamic addressing when your ISP assigns an address each time you connect However you can enter another specific address if you want to use
169. on page 7 13 Navigating through the system configuration screens on page 7 14 System configuration features on page 7 15 WAN configuration To configure your Wide Area Network WAN connection navigate to the WAN Configuration screen from the Main Menu and select WAN Wide Area Network Setup Main WAN WAN Menu Configuration Setup The ADSL Line Configuration screen appears 7 2 User s Reference Guide ADSL Line Configuration Circuit Type Multimode Signaling Mode FDM Trellis Coding Enabled On Cell Format Scrambled Unused Cell Format Idle Data Link Encapsulation RFC1483 RFC1483 Mode Bridged 1483 PPP over Ethernet PPPOE OEF Display Change Circuit Add Circuit Delete Circuit 1 Select Circuit Type and from the pop up menu choose the type of circuit to which you will be connecting m Model 4541 offers Multimode T1 413 G dmt G lite or ADI m Model 4542 offers Multimode ADI ETDI ITU Standard UR2 ADI Legacy TI Legacy and Alcatel ETSI 2 Select Signaling Mode and choose Echo Cancellation or FDM the default 3 If you selected Multimode or G lite as the Circuit Type the Trellis Coding Enabled field appears Toggle it to On the default or Off 4 Select whether the Cell Format is Unscrambled the default or Scrambled and whether the Unused Cell Format is Empty or Idle the default 5 Select Data Link Encapsulation and press Return The pop u
170. ons only you must define what type of authentication these connections will use Select Receive Authentication and press Return A pop up menu offers the following options PAP the default CHAP or MS CHAP m If you chose PAP or CHAP authentication from the Data Compression pop up menu select either None the default or Standard LZS Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 17 If you chose MS CHAP authentication the Data Compression option is not required and this menu item becomes hidden VPN QuickView You can view the status of your VPN connections in the VPN QuickView screen From the Main Menu select QuickView and then VPN QuickView Main Menu a VPN QuickView m QuickView The VPN QuickView screen appears VPN Quick View Profile Nam HA lt gt FA1 Jony Fon HA lt gt FA3 Sleve M Ty AT ATMP Pp Rx Pckts Tx Pckts RxDiscard Remote Address P 99 99 0 173 166 82 8 13 0 17366 1077 691 Profile Name Lists the name of the Connection Profile being used if any Type Shows the data link encapsulation method PPTP or ATMP Rx Pckts Shows the number of packets received via the VPN tunnel Tx Pckts Shows the number of packets transmitted via the VPN tunnel Rx Discard Shows the number of packets discarded Remote Address Shows the tunnel partner s IP address 10 18 User s Reference Guide Dial Up Networking for VPN Microso
171. onstruct a pseudo client identifier for the client When the client subsequently requests an address the Netopia 4541 4542 will attempt to serve the address previously associated with the pseudo client identifier This is normally the last address served to the client m Otherwise the Netopia will select the least recently used available address starting from the first address in the first pool and ending with the last address in the last pool Note The address serving pools on this screen are tied to the IP subnets configured on the IP Subnets screen Changes to the IP Subnets screen may affect this screen In particular deleting a subnet on the IP Subnets screen will delete the corresponding address serving pool if any on this screen IP Setup 8 15 DHCP NetBIOS Options If your network uses NetBIOS you can enable the Netopia 4541 4542 to use DHCP to distribute NetBIOS information NetBIOS stands for Network Basic Input Output System It is a layer of software originally developed by IBM and Sytek to link a network operating system with specific hardware NetBIOS has been adopted as an industry standard It offers LAN applications a variety of hooks to carry out inter application communications and data transfer Essentially NetBIOS is a way for application programs to talk to the network To run an application that works with NetBIOS a non1BM network operating system or network interface card must offer a NetBIOS emulator Many v
172. or PM AM Scheduled Window Duration 00 00 Select Place Call On Date and enter a date in the format MM DD YY or MM DD YYYY month day year Note You must enter the date in the format specified The slashes are mandatory For example the entry 5 7 98 would be accepted as May 7 1998 The entry 5 7 would be rejected Select Scheduled Window Start Time and enter the time to initiate the scheduled connection Note You must enter the time in the format H M where H is a one or two digit number representing the hour and M is a one or two digit number representing the minutes The colon is mandatory For example the entry 1 3 or 1 03 would be accepted as 3 minutes after one o clock The entry 7 0 or 7 00 would be accepted as seven o clock exactly The entries 44 5 and 2 would be rejected Select AM or PM and choose AM or PM Select Scheduled Window Duration and enter the maximum duration allowed for this scheduled connection Use the same format restrictions noted above You are finished configuring the once only options Return to the Add Scheduled Connection screen to continue In the Add Scheduled Connection screen select Use Connection Profile and choose from the list of connection profiles you have already created A scheduled connection must be associated with a connection profile to be useful The connection profile becomes active during the times specified in the associated scheduled connection if any exists
173. overs IP filters and filter sets Main System Filter Menu Configuration Sets To work with filters and filter sets begin by accessing the filter set screens Note Make sure you understand how filters work before attempting to use them Read the section About filters and filter sets beginning on page 114 Filter Sets Add Filter Set Display Change Filter Set Delete Filter Set The procedure for creating and maintaining filter sets is as follows 1 Add a new filter set 2 Create the filters for the new filter set 3 View change or delete individual filters and filter sets The sections below explain how to execute these steps Adding a filter set You can create up to eight different custom filter sets Each filter set can contain up to 16 output filters and up to 16 input filters Security 11 13 To add a new filter set select Add Filter Set in the Filter Sets screen and press Return The Add Filter Set screen appears Add Filter Set Filter Set Name Filter Set 3 Naming a new filter set All new filter sets have a default name The first filter set you add will be called Filter Set 1 the next filter will be Filter Set 2 and so on To give a new filter set a different name select Filter Set Name and enter a new name for the filter set To save the filter set select ADD FILTER SET The saved filter set is empty contains no filters but you
174. p menu will offer you the choice of PPP or RFC1483 m If you selected PPP as your data link encapsulation method the PPP Mode pop up menu offers the choice of VC Multiplexed the default or LLC SNAP m If you selected RFC1483 your data link encapsulation method two additional options display an RFC1483 Mode pop up menu offers the choice of Bridged 1483 or Routed 1483 Bridged 1483 per mits use of PPP over Ethernet PPPoE and is the default You can then toggle PPPoE On or Off Choosing Routed 1483 hides the PPPoE option 6 To adda circuit select Add Circuit and press Return The Add Circuit screen appears WAN and System Configuration 7 3 Add Circuit Circuit Name Circuit 2 Circuit Enabled Yes Circuit VPI 0 255 0 Circuit VCI 0 65535 0 Use Connection Profile Default Profile Use Default Profile for Circuit ADD Circuit NOW m Enter a name for the circuit in the Circuit Name field m Toggle Circuit Enabled to Yes m Enter the Virtual Path Identifier and the Virtual Channel Identifier in the Circuit VPI and Circuit VCI fields respectively m Then select a Connection Profile for the Circuit To use the Default Profile select Use Default Profile for Circuit and press Return For other options select a profile from the Use Connection Profile pop up menu m Select ADD Circuit NOW and press Return To display or change a circuit select Display Change Circuit select a cicuit from the pop up menu
175. pare and choose a comparison method for the filter to use on a packet s destination port number Then select Dest Port ID and enter the actual destination port number to match on see the table on page 11 7 When you are finished configuring the filter select ADD THIS FILTER NOW to save the filter in the filter set Select CANCEL to discard the filter and return to the Add IP Filter Set screen Viewing filters To display a table of input or output filters select Display Change Input Filter or Display Change Output Filter in the Display Change Filter Set screen Modifying filters To modify a filter select Display Change Input Filter or Display Change Output Filter in the Display Change Filter Set screen Select a filter from the table and press Return The Change Filter screen appears The parameters in this screen are set in the same way as the ones in the Add Filter screen see Adding filters to a filter set on page 11 14 Security 11 17 Change Filter Enabled No Forward No Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID 0 Dest Port Compare No Compare Dest Port ID 0 Enter the IP specific information for this filter Deleting filters To delete a filter select Delete Input Filter or Delete Output Filter in the Display Change Filter Set screen to display a table of filters Select
176. periodically from Netopia or from a site maintained by your organization s network administration Follow these steps to update the Netopia 4541 4542 s firmware 1 Make sure you have the firmware file on disk and know the path to its location 2 Select Send Firmware to Netopia and press Return The following dialog box appears Are you sure you want to send a firmware file to your Netopia If so when you hit Return Enter on the CONTINUE button you will CANCEL CONTINUE have 10 seconds to begin the transfer from your terminal program 3 Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file If you choose CONTINUE you will have ten seconds to use your terminal emulation software to initiate an XMODEM transfer of the firmware file If you fail to initiate the transfer in that time the dialog box will disappear and the terminal emulation software will inform you of the transfer s failure You can then try again The system will reset at the end of a successful file transfer to put the new firmware into effect While the system resets the LEDs will blink on and off Utilities and Diagnostics 13 11 Caution Do not manually power down or reset the Netopia 4541 4542 while it is automatically resetting or it could be damaged Downloading configuration files The Netopia 4541 4542 can be configured by downloading a configuration file The downloa
177. r facility or persons with consequential liability for substantial compensation Caution m Depending on the power supply provided with the product either the direct plug in power supply blades power supply cord plug or the appliance coupler serves as the mains power disconnect It is important that the direct plug in power supply socket outlet or appliance coupler be located so it is readily accessible m North America Only For use only with a CSA Certified or UL Listed Limited Power Source or Class 2 power supply rated 12Vdc 1 5A m Europe Only For use only with a GS approved Limited Power Source rated 12Vdc 1 5A Telecommunication installation cautions When using your telephone equipment basic safety precautions should always be followed to reduce the risk of fire electric shock and injury to persons including the following m Donotuse this product near water for example near a bathtub wash bowl kitchen sink or laundry tub in a wet basement or near a swimming pool m Avoid using a telephone other than a cordless type during an electrical storm There may be a remote risk of electrical shock from lightning Do not use the telephone to report a gas leak in the vicinity of the leak Never install telephone wiring during a lightning storm Battery The Netopia 4541 4542 s lithium battery is designed to last for the life of the product The battery is not user serviceable Caution Danger of explosion if batte
178. r to the power port and plug the other end into an electrical outlet 2 Connect one end of the Category 5 cable to the DSL port and the other end to your DSL wall outlet Making the Physical Connections 2 3 3 Connect the Ethernet cable to the Ethernet port on the router and the other end to your computer You should now have the power adapter plugged in the Ethernet cable connected between the router and your computer and the DSL cable connected between the router and the DSL wall outlet Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router status lights The figure below represents the Netopia 4541 4542 status light LED panel Netopia 4541 4542 LED front panel The following table summarizes the meaning of the various LED states and colors When this happens the LEDs The power is on Power is green The Router detects an error Error is red The Ethernet link is established Ethernet is green The WAN has trained DSL is green The WAN is training DSL flashes green Note The remaining LEDs are not used 2 4 User s Reference Guide Sharing the Connection 3 1 Chapter 3 Sharing the Connection Once you have set up your physical local area network you will need to configure the TCP IP stack on each client workstation connected to your Netopia 4541 4542 This chapter describes how to configure TCP IP for both Windows based and Macintosh computers This chapter explains the following topics m Configur
179. r will provide 100 IP addresses automatically to workstations on your LAN You only need to change the Number of Client IP Addresses if you have some other IP addressing scheme 9 Bydefault the 1st Client Address is 192 168 1 100 based on the device s default IP address of 192 168 1 1 You only need to change this if you have some other IP addressing scheme 10 Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN Press Return Easy Setup Security Configuration The Easy Setup Security Configuration screen lets you password protect your Netopia 4541 4542 Input your Write Access Name and Write Access Password with names or numbers totaling up to eleven digits If you password protect the console screens you will be prompted to enter the name and password you have specified every time you log in to the console screens Do not forget your name and password If you do you will be unable to access any of the configuration screens Additional security features are available See Security on page 11 1 Easy Setup Security Configuration It is strongly suggested that you password protect configuration access to your Netopia By entering a Name and Password pair here access via serial Telnet and SNMP will be password protected Be sure to remember what you have typed here because you will be prompted for it each time you configure this Netopia Write Access Name Write Access Password PREVIOUS SCREEN TO MA
180. ration You configure the MultiNAT features through the console menu Fora simple 1 to many NAT configuration classic NAT or PAT use the Easy Setup Profile configuration described below m Forthe more advanced features such as server lists and dynamic NAT follow the instructions in m P setup described on page 9 7 m P profile parameters described on page 9 20 9 6 User s Reference Guide Easy Setup Profile configuration The screen below is an example Depending on the type of router you are using fields displayed in this screen may vary Connection Profile 1 Easy Setup Profile Connection Profile Name Easy Setup Profile Address Translation Enabled Yes IP Addressing Numbered Local WAN IP Address 0 0 0 0 Local WAN IP Mask 29397299 2950 Remote IP Address 127 0 0 2 Remote IP Mask 25912599 25992255 PPP Authentication PAP Send User Name tonyf Send Password KKEKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK KKK PREVIOUS SCREEN EXT SCREE Return Enter brings you to next screen The Local WAN IP Address is used to configure a NAT public address range consisting of the Local WAN IP Address and all its ports The public address map list is named Easy PAT List and the port map list is named Easy Servers The two map lists Easy PAT List and Easy Servers are created by default and NAT configuration becomes effective This will map all your private addresses 0 0 0 0 through 255 255 255 255
181. re advanced settings or prefer manual control over the default selections For these users the Netopia 4541 4542 provides system configuration options To help you determine whether you need to use the system configuration options review the following requirements If you have one or more of these needs use the system configuration options described in later chapters m System configuration of dynamic IP address distribution through DHCP or BootP m Greater network security through the use of filters m Use of Network Time Protocol To access the system configuration screens select System Configuration in the Main Menu then press Return The System Configuration menu screen appears System Configuration IP Setup Filter Sets Firewalls IP Address Serving Date and Time Console Configuration SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol Security Upgrade Feature Set Logging Return Enter to configure Networking Protocols such as TCP IP Use this screen if you want options beyond Easy Setup 7 16 User s Reference Guide IP setup These screens allow you to configure your network s use of the IP networking protocol m Details are given in IP Setup on page 8 2 Filter sets firewalls These screens allow you to configure security on your network by means of filter sets and a basic firewall m Details are given in Security on page 11 1 IP address serving These scre
182. rectory number 4 Click the Next button The final window will give you a chance to accept or change the name you have entered for this profile If you are satisfied with it click the Finish button Your profile is complete 10 20 User s Reference Guide Configuring a Dial Up Networking profile Once you have created your Dial Up Networking profile you configure it for TCP IP networking to allow you to connect to the Internet through your Internet connection device Do the following 1 Double click the My Computer or whatever you have named it icon on your desktop Open the Dial Up Networking folder You will see the icon for the profile you created in the previous section Right click the icon and from the pop up menu select Properties In the Properties window click the Server Type button From the Type of Dial up Server pull down menu select the appropriate type of server for your system version Tra of Drea Lips p Missed radeak pmfaccdr F Hast IP FSF pibe F rm IERP senna Lm o m Windows 95 users select PPP Windows 95 Windows NT 3 5 Internet m Windows 98 users select PPP Windows 98 Windows NT Server Internet In the Allowed network protocols area check TCP IP and uncheck all of the other checkboxes Note Netopia s PPTP implementation does not currently support tunnelling of IPX and NetBEUI protocols Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 21 4 Click the TCP IP Settings button r
183. rent Transfer Bytes 0 The sections below describe how to update the Netopia 4541 4542 s firmware and how to download and upload configuration files Updating firmware Firmware updates may be available periodically from Netopia or from a site maintained by your organization s network administrator The Netopia 4541 4542 ships with an embedded operating system referred to as firmware The firmware governs how the device communicates with your network and the WAN or remote site Firmware updates are periodically posted on the Netopia website To update the router s firmware follow these steps m Select TFTP Server Name and enter the server name or IP address of the TFTP server you will use The server name or IP address is available from the site where the server is located m Select Firmware File Name and enter the name of the file you will download The name of the file is available from the site where the server is located You may need to enter a file path along with the file name for example bigroot config myfile 13 8 User s Reference Guide m Select GET ROUTER FIRMWARE FROM SERVER and press Return You will see the following dialog box Are you sure you want to send a firmware file to your Netopia The device will restart when the transfer is complete CANCEL CONTINUE m Select CANCEL to exit without downloading the file or select CONTINUE to download the file The system will reset at the
184. rivate IP Address of the server whose service you are exporting Since MultiNAT permits the mapping of multiple private IP addresses to multiple public IP addresses your ISP or corporate site s router must be configured such that it knows that your multiple public addresses are accessible via your router If you want to use static mappings to map internal servers to public addresses your ISP or corporate site s router must also be configured for static routes to these public addresses on the Netopia Router m Enter the Public IP Address to which you are exporting the service Note For PAT map lists and server lists if you use the Public Address 0 0 0 0 the list will acquire its public IP address from the WAN IP address specified by your WAN IP configuration in the Connection Profile If that is a static IP address then the PAT map list and server lists will acquire that address If it is a negotiated IP address such as may be assigned via DHCP or PPP the PAT map list and server lists will acquire that address each time it is negotiated m Select ADD NAT SERVER and press Return The server will be added to your server list and you will be returned to the Add NAT Server List screen Note CUSeeMe or other services that listen on specific ports through MultiNat works as it did for non MultiNat releases prior to version 4 4 In order to use CUSeeMe through the Netopia Router you must export the ports 7648 and 7649 In MultiNat you may use
185. rs Menu Configuration Profile The IP Parameters Default Profile screen appears IP Parameters Default Profile Address Translation Enabled Yes NAT Map List Easy PAT List NAT Server List Easy Servers Filter Set Firewall Remove Filter Set Receive RIP Return Enter to select lt among between gt m Toggle Address Translation Enabled to Yes Multiple Network Address Translation 9 23 m Select NAT Map List and press Return A pop up menu displays a list of your defined map lists IP Parameters Default Profile NAT Map List Name Easy PAT List my_map Address Trans lt lt None gt gt NAT Map List NAT Server Li Filter Set F Remove Filter Receive RIP Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to m Select the map list you want to bind to the default profile and press Return The map list you selected will now be bound to the default profile m Select NAT Server List and press Return A pop up menu displays a list of your defined server lists IP Parameters Default Profile AT Server List Name Easy Servers my_servers Address Trans lt lt None gt gt s NAT Map List _first_map NAT Server Li Filter Set F Remove Filter Receive RIP Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to dismiss Return Enter to m Select the server list you want to bind to
186. rs support the more secure Tunnel mode DES stands for Data Encryption Standard a popular symmetric key encryption method DES uses a 56 bit key The Netopia 4541 4542 offers IPsec DES encryption over the VPN tunnel Configuration IPsec tunnels are defined in the same manner as PPTP tunnels You configure the Connection Profile as follows From the Main Menu navigate to WAN Configuration and then Add Connection Profile Main WAN w Add Connection Configuration Profile 10 8 User s Reference Guide The Add Connection Profile screen appears Add Connection Profile Profile Name Profile 1 Profile Enabled Data Link Encapsulation Data Link Options Frame Relay RFC1483 ATMP IP Profile Parameters PPTP m From the Data Link Encapsulation pop up menu select IPsec m Then select Data Link Options The IPsec Encryption amp Authentication Options screen appears IPsec Encryption amp Authentication Options Encryption Transform DES Encryption Key ULL Authentication Type Authentication Transform Authentication Key m You must specify an Encryption Transform The choices are DES or NULL The default is DES Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 9 IPsec Encryption amp Authentication Options Encryption Transform DES Encryption Key Authentication Type ESP Authentication Transform HMAC MD5 96 Authentication Ke
187. rs the choices of None Ascend LZS or Standard LZS Unless you are otherwise specifically directed you can accept the default Select Send Authentication and press Return From the pop up menu that appears select the authentication method your ISP uses if any PAP Password Authentication Protocol CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol or None m PAP is the most common and requires you to enter a User Name and Password in the next two fields m CHAP requires you to enter a Host Name and Secret in the next two fields You can specify user name and password for both outgoing and incoming connections The Send User Name Password parameters are used to specify your identity when connecting to a remote location The Receive User Name Password parameters are used when the ISP router requires authentication this is not commonly required You can edit the Maximum Packet Size field if you want packets limited to a lower value than 1500 Return to the Add Connection Profile screen by pressing Escape Select IP Profile Parameters and press Return The IP Profile Parameters screen appears 7 6 User s Reference Guide IP Profile Parameters Address Translation Enabled Yes IP Addressing Numbered NAT Map List Easy PAT List NAT Server List Easy Servers Local WAN IP Address 0 0 0 0 Local WAN IP Mask 0 0 0 0 Filter Set Remove Filter Set RIP Profile Options 7 Toggle or enter any IP
188. rticular order The first filter applied can forward or discard a packet before that packet ever reaches any of the other filters If the first filter can neither forward nor discard the packet because it cannot match any criteria the second filter has a chance to forward or reject it and so on Because of this hierarchical structure each filter is said to have a priority The first filter has the highest priority and the last filter has the lowest priority How individual filters work As described above a filter applies criteria to an IP packet and then takes one of three actions m Forwards the packet to the local or remote network m Blocks discards the packet m Ignores the packet A filter forwards or blocks a packet only if it finds a match after applying its criteria When no match occurs the filter ignores the packet A filtering rule The criteria are based on information contained in the packets A filter is simply a rule that prescribes certain actions based on certain conditions For example the following rule qualifies as a filter Block all Telnet attempts that originate from the remote host 199 211 211 17 This rule applies to Telnet packets that come from a host with the IP address 199 211 211 17 If a match occurs the packet is blocked Here is what this rule looks like when implemented as a filter on the Netopia 4541 4542 Source IP Addr Dest IP Addr Proto Src Port D Port On Fwd
189. ry is incorrectly replaced Technical Specifications and Safety Information B 5 Replace only with the same or equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer Dispose of used batteries according to the manufacturer s instructions B 6 User s Reference Guide Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies Revised January 2002 Limited Warranty and Limitation of Remedies Revised January 2002 Netopia warrants to you the end user that the Netopia Router the Product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of two 2 years from date of purchase Netopia s entire liability and your sole remedy under this warranty during the warranty period is that Netopia shall at its sole option either repair or replace the Product In order to make a claim under this warranty you must comply with the following procedure 1 Contact Netopia Customer Service within the warranty period to obtain a Return Materials Authorization RMA number 2 Return the defective Product and proof of purchase shipping prepaid to Netopia with the RMA number prominently displayed on the outside of the package If you are located outside of the United States or Canada please contact your dealer in order to arrange for warranty service THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE MADE BY NETOPIA ALONE AND THEY ARE THE ONLY WARRANTIES MADE BY ANYONE REGARDING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT NETOPIA AND ITS LICENSOR S MAKE NO OTHER WARRANTI
190. s guide is designed to be your single source for information about your Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router It is intended to be viewed on line using the powerful features of the Adobe Acrobat Reader The information display has been deliberately designed to present the maximum information in the minimum space on your screen You can keep this document open while you perform any of the procedures described and find useful information about the procedure you are performing You can also print out all of the manual or individual sections if you prefer to work from hard copy rather than on line documentation The pages are formatted to print on standard 8 1 2 by 11 inch paper We recommend that you print on 3 hole punched paper so that you can put the pages in a binder for future reference For your convenience a printed copy is available from Netopia Order part number TE4541 Doc This guide is organized into chapters describing the Netopia 4541 4542 s advanced features You may want to read each chapter s introductory section to familiarize yourself with the various features available Use the guide s table of contents and index to locate informational topics Making the Physical Connections 2 1 Chapter 2 Making the Physical Connections This section tells you how to make the physical connections to your Netopia 4541 4542 ADSL Router This section covers the following topics m Finda location on page 2 1 m What you need on p
191. s to the Security Options screen can be protected with a password Select Password for This Screen in the Security Options screen and enter a password Make sure this password is secure and is different from any of the user account passwords Protecting the configuration screens You can protect the configuration screens with user accounts You can administer the accounts from the Security Options screen You can create up to four accounts To display a view only list of user accounts select Show Users in the Security Options screen Security 11 3 To add a new user account select Add User in the Security Options screen and press Return The Add Name With Write Access screen appears Add Name With Write Access Enter Name Enter Password 11 characters max E PASSWORD NOW Follow these steps to configure the new account 1 Select Enter Name and enter a descriptive name for example the user s first name 2 Select Enter Password and enter a password 3 To accept the new name password combination select ADD NAME PASSWORD NOW and press Return To exit the Add Name With Write Access screen without saving the new account select CANCEL You are returned to the Security Options screen To delete a user account select Delete User to display a list of accounts Select an account from the list and press Return to delete it To exit the list without deleting the selected account press Escape Telnet access Telnet
192. screen appears Security 11 15 Display Change Filter Set Filter Set Name Filter Set 3 Add Input Filter to Filter Set Display Change Input Filter Delete Input Filter Move Input Filter Add Output Filter to Filter Set Display Change Output Filter Delete Output Filter Move Output Filter Note There are two groups of items in this screen one for input filters and one for output filters In this section you ll learn how to add an input filter to a filter set Adding an output filter works exactly the same way providing you keep the different source and destination perspectives in mind 1 To add a filter select Add Input Filter to Filter Set and press Return The Add Input Filter screen appears Add Input Filter Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type Protocol Type Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID Dest Port Compare No Compare Dest Port ID Established TCP Conns Only No ADD THIS FILTER NOW 2 To make the filter active in the filter set select Enabled and toggle it to Yes If Enabled is toggled to No the filter can still exist in the filter set but it will have no effect 3 If you want the filter to forward packets that match its criteria to the destination IP address select Forward and toggle it to Yes If Forward is toggled to No packets matching th
193. screen is where you configure the Ethernet side of the Netopia 4541 4542 The information you enter here controls how the router routes IP traffic Consult your network administrator or ISP to obtain the IP setup information such as the Ethernet IP address Ethernet subnet mask default IP gateway and Primary Domain Name Server IP address you will need before changing any of the settings in this screen Changes to these settings that you make in this screen will take effect only after the Netopia 4541 4542 is reset To go to the IP Setup options screen from the Main Menu select System Configuration then IP Setup The IP Setup screen appears IP Setup Ethernet IP Address 128 117 162 Ethernet Subnet Mask 290 299 0 Define Additional Subnets Default IP Gateway 192 128 117 163 Primary Domain Name Server 0 0 0 0 Secondary Domain Name Server 0 0 0 0 Domain Name yourdomain com Receive RIP Both Transmit RIP Off Static Routes IP Address Serving Network Address Translation NAT Follow these steps to configure IP setup for your Netopia 4541 4542 m Select Ethernet IP Address and enter the IP address for the Netopia 4541 4542 s Ethernet port m Select Ethernet Subnet Mask and enter the subnet mask for the Ethernet IP address that you entered in the last step m If you desire multiple subnets select Define Additional Subnets If you select this item you will be taken to the IP Subnets screen This screen
194. sible Entering a secondary DNS is useful but not necessary Select Domain Name and enter your network s domain name for example netopia com Netopia strongly recommends that you enter a domain name Routing Information Protocol RIP is needed if there are IP routers on other segments of your Ethernet network that the Netopia 4541 4542 needs to recognize If this is the case select Receive RIP and select v1 v2 or Both from the pop up menu With Receive RIP set to v1 the Netopia 4541 4542 s Ethernet port will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use the same subnet mask Set to v2 the Netopia 4541 4542 will accept routing information provided by RIP packets from other routers that use different subnet masks Set to Both the Netopia 4541 4542 will accept information from either RIP v1 or v2 routers If you want the Netopia 4541 4542 to advertise its routing table to other routers via RIP select Transmit RIP and select v1 v2 broadcast or v2 multicast from the pop up menu With Transmit RIP v1 selected the Netopia 4541 4542 will generate RIP packets only to other RIP v1 routers With Transmit RIP v2 broadcast selected the Netopia 4541 4542 will generate RIP packets to all other hosts on the network With Transmit RIP v2 multicast selected the Netopia 4541 4542 will generate RIP packets only to other routers capable of recognizing RIP v2 packets Select Static Routes to manually configure IP ro
195. ss Menu Configuration Serving 8 24 User s Reference Guide Select IP Address Serving and press Return The IP Address Serving screen appears IP Address Serving IP Address Serving Mode Disabled DHCP Server Number of Client IP Addresses DHCP Relay Agent lst Client Address F Client Default Gateway 19216873T Serve DHCP Clients Yes DHCP NetBIOS Options Serve BOOTP Clients Yes Select IP Address Serving Mode The pop up menu offers the choices of Disabled DHCP Server the default and DHCP Relay Agent If you select DHCP Relay Agent and press Return the screen changes as shown below IP Address Serving IP Address Serving Mode DHCP Relay Agent Relay Server 1 TOn roles Relay Server 2 20 1 1 1 Relay Server 3 SO eddy Configure Address Serving DHCP BOOTP etc here Now you can enter the IP address es of your remote DHCP server s such as might be located in your company s corporate headquarters Each time you enter an IP address and press Return an additional field appears You can enter up to four DHCP server addresses In the example above DHCP requests from clients on the LAN will be relayed to the DHCP servers at IP addresses 10 1 1 1 20 1 1 1 and 30 1 1 1 IP Setup 8 25 Note The remote DHCP server s to which the Netopia Router is relaying DHCP requests must be capable of servicing relayed requests Not all DHCP servers support this feature For e
196. ss in the range you want to assign Select First and Last Public Port and enter the first and last exterior ports in the range These are the ports that will be used for traffic initiated from the private LAN to the out side world Note For PAT map lists and server lists if you use the Public Address 0 0 0 0 the list will acquire its public IP address from the WAN IP address specified by your WAN IP configuration in the Connection Profile If that is a static IP address then the PAT map list and server lists will acquire that address If it is a negotiated IP address such as may be assigned via DHCP or PPP the PAT map list and server lists will acquire that address each time it is negotiated m If you choose dynamic as the range type a new menu item First Public Address becomes visible Select First Public Address and enter the first exterior IP address in the range you want to assign Select Last Public Address and enter an IP address at the end of the range m If you choose static as the range type a new menu item First Public Address becomes visible Select First Public Address and enter the first exterior IP address in the range you want to assign Select Last Public Address and enter an IP address at the end of the range m Select ADD NAT PUBLIC RANGE and press Return The range will be added to your list and you will be returned to the Network Address Translation screen Once the public ranges have been assigned the next step is
197. static addressing In that case enter the local WAN address your ISP gave you Press Return Select the editable field labeled Local WAN IP Mask Enter the mask address your ISP gave you Press Return If you selected Unnumbered the following fields appear m Select the editable field labeled Remote IP Address and enter the remote IP address Press Return m Select the editable field labeled Remote IP Mask and enter the remote mask address Press Return 3 If you selected PPP data link encapsulation in the DSL Line Configuration screen a PPP Authentication menu item appears The authentication protocol and user name password combinations you enter must be assigned or agreed to in advance between you and your ISP Select PPP Authentication and press Return From the pop up menu that appears select the authentication method your ISP uses PAP Password Authentication Protocol CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol or None m PAP is the most common and requires you to enter a User Name and Password in the next two fields m CHAP requires you to enter a Host Name and Secret in the next two fields 4 Press the Down arrow key until you reach NEXT SCREEN Press Return to bring up the next screen IP Easy Setup The IP Easy Setup screen is where you enter information about your Netopia Router s m Ethernet IP address m Ethernet Subnet mask m Domain Name m Domain Name Server IP address m Default gateway IP address Co
198. tall the Dial Up Networking feature of Windows 95 98 or 2000 to take advantage of the virtual private networking feature of your Netopia router Note For the latest information and tech notes on Dial Up Networking and VPNs be sure to visit the Netopia website at http www netopia com and for the latest software and release notes the Microsoft website at http www microsoft com Installing Dial Up Networking Check to see if Dial Up Networking is already installed on your PC Open your My Computer or whatever you have named it icon on your desktop If there is a folder named Dial Up Networking you don t have to install it If there is no such folder you must install it from your system disks or CDROM Do the following 1 From the Start menu select Settings and then Control Panel 2 Inthe Control Panel window double click the Add Remove Programs icon The Add Remove Programs Properties window appears 3 Click the Windows Setup tab 4 Double click Communications Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 19 The Communications window appears Ta add on mance a coenponendt click Tha check bow JA bee eden hat onky peat of he compere eal ber peta To Toma i pomporani click Deisis OSMB TEHE O2ME a Space eget 136i Soso aevadlable gndd So wih Ereabees pou ki Gere ba te corde Boy ute a bee aer ea 5 Inthe Communications window select Dial Up Networking and click the OK button This returns you to the
199. te Address and 192 168 1 5 for the Last Private Address Add NAT Map Easy PAT List First Private Address 192 168 1 1 Last Private Address 192 168 1 5 Use NAT Public Range Select Use NAT Public Range and from the pop up menu choose Static Range Select ADD NAT MAP and press Return This will statically map the first five public IP addresses to the first five corresponding private IP addresses and will map 206 1 1 6 to the remaining private IP addresses using PAT Notes on the example The Easy Map List and the Easy PAT List are attached to any new Connection Profile by default If you want to use this NAT configuration on a previously defined Connection Profile then you need to bind the Map List to the profile You do this through either the NAT Associations screen or the profile s configuration screens The PAT part of this example setup will allow any user on the Netopia Router s LAN with an IP address in the range of 192 168 1 6 through 192 168 1 254 to initiate traffic flow to the outside world for example the Internet No one on the Internet would be able to initiate a conversation with them The Static mapping part of this example will allow any of the machines in the range of addresses from 192 168 1 1 through 192 168 1 5 to communicate with the outside world as if they were at the addresses 206 1 1 1 through 206 1 1 5 respectively It also allows any machine on the Internet to access any service port on an
200. ter a name for the file you will upload The file will appear with the name you choose on the TFTP server You may need to enter a file path along with the file name for example Mypc Netopia myfile 3 Select SEND CONFIG TO SERVER and press Return Netopia will begin to transfer the file 4 The TFTP Transfer State item will change from Idle to Writing Config The TFTP Current Transfer Bytes item will reflect the number of bytes transferred Transferring configuration and firmware files with XMODEM You can transfer configuration and firmware files with XMODEM through the Netopia 4541 4542 s console port Be sure your terminal emulation program supports XM ODEM file transfers To go to the X Modem File Transfer screen select it in the Utilities amp Diagnostics menu Note The XModem File Transfer screen is only available if you are connected via the Console port Note It is good practice when updating programmable devices to disable any other programs or network activity on the device or the attached computer This includes WAN traffic such as a DSL connection or screen savers or other automatic programs running on the attached computer Such activity can slow down or interrupt the file transfer requiring you to rerun the upgrade 13 10 User s Reference Guide X Modem File Transfer Send Firmware to Netopia Send Config to Netopia Receive Config from Netopia Updating firmware Firmware updates may be available
201. the Protocol Type to allow GRE as shown below Change Output Filter 2 Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type ATMP example To enable a firewall to allow ATMP traffic you must provision the firewall to allow inbound and outbound UDP packets specifically destined for port 5150 The source port may be dynamic so often it is not useful to apply a compare function on this portion of the control negotiation packets You must also set the firewall to allow inbound and outbound GRE packets Protocol 47 Internet Assigned Numbers Document RFC 1700 enabling transport of the tunnel payload From the Main Menu navigate to Display Change IP Filter Set and from the pop up menu select Basic Firewall Main System Filter Display Change Basic Menu Configuration Sets Filter Set Firewall Select Display Change Input Filter Display Change Input Filter screen Source IP Addr Dest IP Addr Proto Src Port D Port 0n Fwd 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCP NC 2000 Yes No 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCP NC 6000 Yes No Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 27 Select Input Filter 1 and press Return In the Change Input Filter 1 screen set the Destination Port information as shown below Change Input Filter Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask
202. the concepts discussed here it may be helpful to introduce some NAT terminology The term mapping refers to rules that associate one or more private addresses on the Netopia Router s LAN to one or more public addresses on the Netopia Routers WAN interface typically the Internet The terms private and internal refer to addresses on the Netopia Router s LAN These addresses are considered private because they are protected or obscured by NAT and cannot be directly accessed from the WAN or Internet side of the Netopia Router unless specifically configured otherwise The terms public and external refer to the WAN or Internet side of the Netopia Router Features MultiNAT features can be divided into several categories that can be used simultaneously in different combinations on a per Connection Profile basis 9 2 User s Reference Guide The following is a general description of these features Port Address Translation The simplest form of classic Network Address Translation is PAT Port Address Translation PAT allows a group of computers on a LAN such as might be found in a home or small office to share a single Internet connection using one IP address The computers on the LAN can surf the Web read e mail download files etc but their individual IP addresses are never exposed to the public network Instead a single IP address acts as the source IP address of traffic originating from the LAN The Netopia Router allows you to
203. the port or any port greater Greater Than Matches anything greater than the port defined Security 11 25 Example network Incoming Packet Filter Internet IP 200 1 1 DATA Example filters Example 1 Filter Rule 200 1 1 0 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 128 Source IP Mask Forward No What happens on match Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 28 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 28 00011100 Source address in incoming IP packet AND 255 255 255 128 10000000 Perform the logical AND 00000000 Logical AND result This incoming IP packet has a source IP address that matches the network address in the Source IP Address field 00000000 in the Netopia 4541 4542 This will not forward this packet 11 26 User s Reference Guide Example 2 Filter Rule 200 1 1 0 Source IP Network Address 255 255 255 128 Source IP Mask Forward No What happens on match Incoming packet has the source address of 200 1 1 184 IP Address Binary Representation 200 1 1 184 10111000 Source address in incoming IP packet AND 255 255 255 128 10000000 Perform the logical AND 10000000 Logical AND result This incoming IP packet 10000000 has a source IP address that does not match the network address in the Source IP Address field 00000000 in the Netopia 4541 4542 This rule will
204. the source of the Telnet packets you want to block while the destination address is any IP address How these IP addresses are masked determines what the final match will be although the mask is not displayed in the table that displays the filter sets you set it when you create the filter In fact since the mask for the destination IP address is 0 0 0 0 the address for Dest IP Addr could have been anything The mask for Source IP Addr must be 255 255 255 255 since an exact match is desired m Source IP Addr 199 211 211 17 m Source IP address mask 255 255 255 255 m Dest IP Addr 0 0 0 0 m Destination IP address mask 0 0 0 0 3 Using the tables on page 11 7 find the destination port and protocol numbers the local Telnet port m Proto TCP or 6 m OD z Port 23 4 The filter should be enabled and instructed to block the Telnet packets containing the source address shown in step 2 m On Yes m Fwd No This four step process is how we produced the following filter from the original rule Source IP Addr Dest IP Addr Proto Src Port D Port 0n Fwd i 192 217 2207 17 0 0 0 0 TCP 0 23 Yes No Filtering example 2 Suppose a filter is configured to block all incoming IP packets with the source IP address of 200 233 14 0 regardless of the type of connection or its destination The filter would look like this Source IP Addr Dest IP Addr Proto Src Port D Port 0n Fwd 1 200 233
205. to bind interior addresses to them Because these bindings occur in ordered lists called map lists you must first define the list then add mappings to it From the Network Address Translation screen select Add Map List and press Return The Add NAT Map List screen appears 9 10 User s Reference Guide Add NAT Map List Map List Name my_map Add Map m Select Map List Name and enter a descriptive name for this map list Anew menu item Add Map appears m Select Add Map and press Return The Add NAT Map screen appears Add NAT Map my_map First Private Address 192 168 1 1 Last Private Address 192 168 1 254 Use NAT Public Range ADD NAT MAP m Select First and Last Private Address and enter the first and last interior IP addresses you want to assign to this mapping m Select Use NAT Public Range and press Return A screen appears displaying the public ranges you have defined Add NAT Map my_map Multiple Network Address Translation 9 11 Public Address Rang Type am 0 0 0 0 206 1 1 6 206 1 1 1 lt lt NEW RANGE 206 1 1 2 gt gt pat pat static Easy PAT my_first_rang my_second_range Up Down Arrow Keys to select ESC to cancel Return Enter to Delete m From the list of public ranges you defined select the one that you want to map to the interior range for this mapping and press Return If none of your precon
206. ts will have a check in the checkboxes to their left Check Dial Up Networking at the top of the list and Virtual Private Networking at the bottom of the list Click OK at the bottom right on each screen until you return to the Control Panel Close the Control Panel by clicking the upper right corner X Double click the My Computer icon normally at the left upper corner of the screen This will display the devices within My Computer Scroll down the list to Dial Up Networking and double click it Double click Make New Connection This displays the Make New Connection installation screen In this screen you will see a box labelled Select a device From the pull down menu to the right select Microsoft VPN Adapter Click the Next button at the bottom of the screen This displays the VPN Host screen In the box to the top center of the screen enter your VPN server s IP address for example 192 168 xxx xxx This is not a proper Internet address Windows 98 VPN installation 1 From the Windows 98 Start menu select Settings then Control Panel and click once The Control Panel screen appears Double click Add Remove Programs The Add Remove Programs screen appears Click the Windows Setup tab The Windows Setup screen will be displayed within the top center box Double click Communications This displays a list of possible selections for the communications option Active components will have a check in the checkboxes to their
207. u are using the router s defaults DHCP and NAT this value will be 0 0 0 0 If you have assigned an IP address as a secondary gateway it is shown here Domain Name The domain name you have assigned typically the name of your ISP MAC Address The Netopia 4541 4542 s hardware address for those interfaces that support DHCP IP Address The Netopia 4541 4542 s IP address entered in the IP Setup screen Monitoring Tools 12 3 Current status The current status section is a table showing the current status of the DSL connection For example Current DSL Status Profile Nam Rat SUse Remote Address Est More Info ISP 1536 10 IP 92 163 4 1 Lcl NAT 192 163 100 6 Profile Name Lists the name of the connection profile being used if any Rate Shows the line rate for this connection Use Indicates the average percent utilization of the maximum capacity of the channels in use for the connection Remote Address Shows the IP address of the connected remote router Est Indicates whether the connection was locally Lcl or remotely Rmt established More Info Indicates the NAT address in use for this connection Status lights This section shows the current real time status of the Netopia 4541 4542 s status lights LEDs Itis useful for remotely monitoring the router s status The Quick View screen s arrangement of LEDs corresponds to the physical arrangement of LEDs on the router ED Status t LEDS
208. ulation The Easy Setup Profile does not offer ATMP datalink encapsulation See the User s Reference Guide for information on creating Connection Profiles The WAN Event History screens will report VPN tunnel events such as connections and disconnections as Channel 4 and higher events To define an ATMP tunnel navigate to the Add Connection Profile menu from the Main Menu Main WAN Add Connection Menu Configuration Profile Virtual Private Networks VPNs 10 13 Add Connection Profile Profile Name Profile 2 Profile Enabled Data Link Encapsulation PPP Data Link Options Frame Relay RFC1483 ATMP IP Profile Parameters PPTP IPsec When you define a Connection Profile as using ATMP by selecting ATMP as the datalink encapsulation method and then select Data Link Options the ATMP Tunnel Options screen appears ATMP Tunnel Options ATMP Partner IP Address 173 167 8 134 Tunnel Via Gateway 0 0 0 0 Network Name sam net Password PERE Data Encryption DES Key String Initiate Connections On Demand Idle Timeout seconds Note An ATMP tunnel cannot be assigned a dynamic IP address by the remote server as in a PPP connection When you define an ATMP tunnel profile the Local WAN IP Address assigned in the IP Profile Parameters screen must be the true IP address not 0 0 0 0 if NAT is enabled m ATMP Partner IP Address specifies the address
209. users can never see the real addresses of the computers on your LAN If you want users outside your LAN to have access for example to a Web or FTP server that you host you need to make a public representation of the real IP addresses of those servers Static mappings are a way to make one or more private IP addresses fully accessible from the public network via corresponding public IP addresses Some applications may negotiate multiple TCP connections in the process of communication which often does not work with traditional PAT Static mapping offers the ability to use these applications through NAT Each private IP address is mapped on a one to one basis to a public IP address that can be accessed from the Internet or public network As with PAT mappings you may have multiple static mappings to map a range of private IP addresses to a range of public IP addresses if desired Dynamic mapping Dynamic mapping often referred to as many to few offers an extension to the advantages provided by static mapping Instead of requiring a one to one association of public addresses and private addresses as is required in static mapping dynamic mapping uses a group of public IP addresses to dynamically allocate static mappings to private hosts that are communicating with the public network If a host on the private network initiates a connection to the Internet for example the Netopia Router automatically sets up a one to one mapping of that host s priv
210. uters The following is a quick guide to configuring TCP IP for MacOS computers Configuring TCP IP in a Macintosh computer requires the following You must have either Open Transport or Classic Networking MacTCP installed Note If you want to use the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server built into your Netopia 4541 4542 to assign IP addresses to your Macintoshes you must be running Open Transport standard in MacOS 8 and optional in earlier system versions You can have your Netopia 4541 4542 dynamically assign IP addresses using MacTCP however to do so requires that the optional AppleTalk kit be installed which can only be done after the router is configured You must have built in Ethernet or a third party Ethernet card and its associated drivers installed in your Macintosh Dynamic configuration recommended The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP which enables dynamic addressing is enabled by default in the router To configure your Macintosh computer for dynamic addressing do the following Go to the Apple menu Select Control Panels and then Se TCP IP With the TCP IP window open go to the Edit menu and select User Mode Choose Basic and click OK eet ont bidrag eram ae In the TCP IP window select Connect via Ethernet and S a Configure Using DHCP Server ea Ee m Note You can also use these instructions to configure other computers on your
211. utes See the section Static routes below Select Network Address Translation to configure advanced MultiNAT features See Chapter 9 Multiple Network Address Translation If you select IP Address Serving you will be taken to the IP Address Serving screen see IP Address Serving on page 8 10 Since no two hosts can use the same IP address at the same time make sure that the addresses distributed by the Netopia 4541 4542 and those that are manually configured are not the same Each method of distribution must have its own exclusive range of addresses to draw from 8 4 User s Reference Guide IP subnets The IP Subnets screen allows you to configure up to eight Ethernet IP subnets on unlimited user models one primary subnet and up to seven secondary subnets by entering IP address subnet mask pairs IP Subnets IP Address Subnet Mask 192 128 117 162 255 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Note You need not use this screen if you have only a single Ethernet IP subnet In that case you can continue to enter or edit the IP address and subnet mask for the single subnet on the IP Setup screen This screen displays up to eight rows of two editable columns preceded by a row number between one and eight If you have eight subnets configured there will be eight rows on this screen Otherwise there will be one more row than the number of configured subnets The last row will have the value 0 0 0 0 in both the IP
212. uts the selected entry in the available state You will be presented with a warning dialog asking you to confirm the operation since the IP address is in use There is no mechanism to notify the client to whom the address is leased that the lease has been terminated Thus the client will continue to use the address until the next time it attempts to renew its lease In the interim the server may lease the same IP address to a different client thereby creating an address conflict For this reason releasing an address that is actively being used by a client is generally not recommended Reserve is displayed if the entry is available declined excluded leased offered or reserved Reserving an IP address for a client with a particular Ethernet MAC address guarantees that a client with the specified MAC address will be offered or leased the specified IP address Moreover it prevents the specified IP address from being offered or leased to any other client Selecting Reserve displays a pop up dialog box that displays the IP address and editable item in which you can enter an Ethernet MAC address The pop up dialog box includes OK and CANCEL buttons for confirming or cancelling the operation If the IP address is currently offered or leased to or reserved for a client you will be presented with a warning dialog asking you to confirm the operation Reserving an IP address guarantees that the IP address will only be leased 8 22 User s Refere
213. will not have the ACK bit set once the TCP connection is in place the remainder of the TCP packets with have the ACK bit set The ACK bit is helpful for firewall design and reduces the number of potential filter rules A filter rule could be created just allowing incoming TCP packets with the ACK bit set since these packets had to be originated from the local network 11 24 User s Reference Guide Example filter set screen This is an example of the Netopia filter set screen Change Input Filter Enabled Forward Source IP Address Source IP Address Mask Dest IP Address Dest IP Address Mask Protocol Type Source Port Compare No Compare Source Port ID 0 Dest Port Compare Equal Dest Port ID 2000 Established TCP Conns Only No Filter basics In the source or destination IP address fields the IP address that is entered must be the network address of the subnet A host address can be entered but the applied subnet mask must be 32 bits 255 255 255 255 The Netopia 4541 4542 has the ability to compare source and destination TCP or UDP ports These options are as follows Item What it means No Compare Does not compare TCP or UDP port Not Equal To Matches any port other than what is defined Less Than Anything less than the port defined Less Than or Equal Any port less than or equal to the port defined Equal Matches only the port defined Greater Than or Equal Matches
214. xample the DHCP server in the Netopia Router does not The DHCP server s to which the Netopia Router is relaying DHCP requests must be configured with one or more address pools that are within the Netopia Router s primary Ethernet LAN subnet There is no mechanism for DHCP clients to receive an address on a secondary subnet via a relayed DHCP request Connection Profiles Since you will probably only have a single connection to your ISP over the DSL link you may not need to create multiple connection profiles Additional profiles may be useful for creating VPNs Connection Profiles define the line and networking protocols necessary for the router to make a remote connection A connection profile is like an address book entry describing how the router is to get to a remote site or how to recognize and authenticate a remote user connecting to the router To create a new Connection Profile you navigate to the WAN Configuration screen from the Main Menu and select Add Connection Profile Main p WAN w Add Connection Menu Configuration Profile The Add Connection Profile screen appears Add Connection Profile Profile Name Profile 1 Profile Enabled Yes Data Link Encapsulation PPP Data Link Options IP Profile Parameters COMMIT CANCEL Configure a new Conn Profile Finished COMMIT or CANCEL to exit On a Netopia 4541 4542 you can add up to 15 more connection pr
215. xible too Additionally PPTP and ATMP both require a firewall to allow GRE bi directionally The following sections illustrate a sample filtering setup to allow either PPTP or ATMP traffic to cross a firewall m PPTP example on page 10 24 m ATMP example on page 10 26 Make your own appropriate substitutions For more information on filters and firewalls see Chapter 11 Security 10 24 User s Reference Guide PPTP example To enable a firewall to allow PPTP traffic you must provision the firewall to allow inbound and outbound TCP packets specifically destined for port 1723 The source port may be dynamic so often it is not useful to apply a compare function upon this portion of the control negotiation packets You must also set the firewall to allow inbound and outbound GRE packets enabling transport of the tunnel payload From the Main Menu navigate to Display Change IP Filter Set and from the pop up menu select Basic Firewall Main System b Filter Display Change Basic Menu Configuration Sets Filter Set 3 Firewall Select Display Change Input Filter Display Change Input Filter screen Source IP Addr Dest IP Addr Proto Srec Port D Port On Fwd 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCP NC 2000 Yes No 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TCP NC 6000 Yes No Select Input Filter 1 and press Return In the Change Input Filter 1 screen set the Destination Port information
216. y COMMIT CANCEL Enter a key of 16 Hex digits e g 1234567890ABCDEF You must enter an Encryption Key if the Encryption Transform is DES The key for DES must be a hexadecimal string of 16 characters using Hex characters only 0 9 A F and a f No key entry appears if the encryption transform is NULL You must specify an Authentication Type The default is ESP and the choices are ESP None or AH ESP provides confidentiality over the IP payload and optional authentication of the IP payload and ESP header AH Authentication Header provides authentication over the immutable parts of the IP header AH header and the IP payload ESP is preferred You must specify an Authentication Transform if the Authentication Type is anything other than None The default is HMAC MD5 96 and the choices are HM AC M D5 96 or HMAC SHA1 96 for both AH and ESP You must specify an Authentication Key if the Authentication Type is anything other than None The key must be an ASCII string of up to 48 characters for both HMAC MD5 96 and HMAC SHA1 96 Key The key is a hexadecimal entry of 16 bytes 32 characters of input for MD5 and 20 bytes 40 characters of input for SHA1 It is not possible to view the Encryption Keys or Authentication Key once they have been set Press COMMIT to return to the Add Connection Profile screen Select IP Profile Parameters 10 10 User s Reference Guide IP Profile Parameters The follow
217. y of these five machines You may decide this poses a security risk You may decide that anyone can have complete access to your FTP server but not to your router and only limited access to the desired services ports on the Web and Mail servers 9 30 User s Reference Guide To make these changes first limit the range of remapped addresses on the Static Map and then edit the default server list called EasyServers First navigate to the Show Change Map List screen select Easy PAT List and then Show Change Maps Choose the Static Map you created and change the First Private Address from 192 168 1 1 to 192 168 1 4 Now the router Web and Mail servers IP addresses are no longer included in the range of static mappings and are therefore no longer accessible to the outside world Users on the Internet will not be able to Telnet Web SNMP or ping to them It is best also to navigate to the public range screen and change the Static Range to go from 206 1 1 5 Next navigate to Show Change Server List and select Easy Servers and then Add Server You should export both the Web www http and Mail smtp ports to one of the now free public addresses Select Service and from the resulting pop up menu select www http In the resulting screen enter your Web server s address 192 168 1 2 and the public address for example 206 1 1 2 and then select ADD NAT SERVER Now return to Add Server choose the smtp port and enter 192 168 1 3 your Mai

Netopia 4542 Network Router User Manual

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