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NETGEAR DG814 Network Card User Manual

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1. cccccccccccceeeeesstteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees sericea 3 1 Security siciidicrssivicis EA TT AAG TEAT EREET Seati ENT PTT eari 3 1 FT and Range vasisvinsdanaisieacnnnenansasarnatersanniaziaiasblanaisiqaisiaeeanmidiasvincetneeiiaane Wireless Settings E EEEE mimes EPEE wolaens PEE T oe Wireless Settings E EEE EAEE TTET eed 7 Restricting Wireless Access re MAC Address ccccecccceeeeceeeeseeeseeeesesesseeesseeesees O70 Configuring Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP ccccccssssseeeeeeesseeeeeeeessasseeeeesseseees O74 Chapter 4 PROTO CTF TOUT PCIE ausitvinseeeshsdasnenecasatavcicsasisabeneveiiiasneccabinusesanebiinenndtoebinaseeibinenns 4 1 Protecting Access to Your CG814M Gateway see aeiaai E AT 4 1 Changing the Built In Password cccecccccseeeceeceeeeeeeseesseeeseeseeessseseeesssssesessssssses Bod Blocking Keywords Sites and Services ETA ETTET ETE AAEE TEE EA 4 2 DOOK Ps ana DOMAINS issii a Blocking Services annnennnnnennnsennnennnnnnnnrnrrnnrrenrrrnnrrenrrrsnrresnrrserrrenrrnenrrenrenenrrenrene 2D m O a R A a aa Port Forwarding cies cnscctssesannciapiasnntexepeeaees PI EEEE P O Arican irinari 4 7 Considerations for Port aoa NA ERENER TE E EI A PERE 4 9 Port Triggering PEREA AT E EE TES ETP ERTA P EAE EE r 4 9 Setting Up A Default DMZ Host iaiissesincainiiaatinsyndictwiutadansimersinsiindubudbantadiusyeiatebidieaemmeas St Respond
2. A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet A block of information sent over a network A packet typically contains a source and destination network address some protocol and length information a block of data and a checksum See Point to Point Protocol Point to Point Tunneling Protocol A method for establishing a virtual private network VPN by embedding Microsoft s network protocol into Internet packets PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet Request For Comment Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF proposing standard protocols and procedures for the Internet RFCs can be found at www ietf org See Routing Information Protocol A device that forwards data between networks An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources and destinations See netmask Universal Resource Locator the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web Unshielded twisted pair The cable used by 10BASE T and 1OOBASE Tx Ethernet networks Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway VPN Virtual Private Network A method for securely transporting data between two private networks by using a publi
3. James 9ga 76 543210 98 Add Edit Delete Apply Cancel Figure 3 2 Wireless Access List menu Wireless Configuration 3 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The Wireless Access window displays a list of MAC addresses that will be allowed to connect to the gateway These PCs must also have the correct SSID and WEP settings To restrict access based on MAC addresses 1 Click the Add button to go to the Add Edit menu For your convenience this menu displays a list of currently active wireless cards and their MAC addresses 2 Ifthe desired PC appears in the list you can click on it to capture its MAC address otherwise you can manually enter the MAC address of the authorized PC The MAC address is usually printed on the wireless card 3 Ifno Device Name appears you can type a descriptive name for the PC that you are adding 4 Click Add 5 When you have finished entering MAC addresses return to the Wireless Access List menu and check the Turn Access Control On box then click Apply To edit a MAC address from the table click on it to select it then click the Edit or Delete button Note If the Turn Access Control On is enabled and the Access Control List is blank then all wireless PCs will be unable to connect to your wireless network Configuring Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP In the Wireless Settings menu you can configure WEP data encryption from the Security Encryp
4. DNS domain name DOCSIS Domain Name Server Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Glossary Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Glossary IEEE 802 3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring IEEE 802 3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz DoS A hacker attack designed to prevent your computer or network from operating or communicating See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol See Domain Name Server A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as com edu uk etc For example in the address mail NETGEAR com mail is a server name and NETGEAR com is the domain Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification Defines interface requirements for cable modems involved in high speed data distribution over cable television system networks A Domain Name Server DNS resolves descriptive names of network resources such as www NETGEAR com to numeric IP addresses DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP add
5. Gateway Status Gateway Status Connection Set Password Information i ssst lt is sCS MEPL CSUs Standard Specification Compliant DOCSIS 1 0 1 1 Hardware Version 8 Sofware Version 2 BALD Cable Modem MAC Address 00 09 5b 19 02 2a Cable Modem Serial Number CM certificate installed status SSS Figure 5 1 Gateway Status screen This screen shows the following parameters Table 5 1 Menu 3 2 Router Status Fields ae a information Standard a a The a to which the gateway s cable interface is compatible Compliant The hardware version of the gateway The software version of the gateway Cable Modem MAC Address The MAC address being used by the Cable Modem port of the gateway This MAC address may need to be registered with your Cable Service Provider Cable Modem Serial The serial number of the gateway hardware Number 5 2 Managing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Table 5 1 Menu 3 2 Router Status Fields a e CM Certificate If the Cable Modem certificate is Installed it is possible for the service provider to ee your Data Over Cable service securely Status sd a Up Time This is the time since the gateway has e with your cable service provider Network Access This field will change to Allowed when the registration with your cable service provider is complete Cable Modem IP Address The IP address of you gateway
6. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Bestatigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt da8 das CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway gem der im BMPT AmtsbI Vfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entstort ist Das vorschriftsmaige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann jedoch gewissen Beschrankungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt f r Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet daB dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie auf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen Certificate of th
7. as seen from the Internet Managing Your Network 5 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Connection Status From the Main Menu under Maintenance select Connection to view the screen in Figure 5 2 HIRELES NETGEAR Wireless Cable Modem Gateway CG814M Connection Basic Settings Startup Procedure i Procedure Status Comment Basic Privacy Acquire Downstream Channel Locked Advanced Connectivity State OK Operational Boot State OK Operational Configuration File Security Disabled Disabled Logs Block Sites Services Downstream Chann Gateway Status Channel ID lo Symbol rate 5056941 Connection Downstream Frequency Downstream Power 4 7 darn Set Password SNR aasal 0 ti Diagnostics Upstream Channel Lock Status Locked Modulation QPSK Channel ID i Symbol rate 2560 KsSYmisSeC l l s b mmm I m ms m om ma n l l mhs mmm Pi msan a ee Td ee IP Filtering MAC Filtering Y Figure 5 2 Connection screen This screen shows detailed information about the status of the connection to your cable service provider that can be used for troubleshooting The gateway goes through the following steps to be provisioned 1 Acquire and lock Downstream Channel 2 Acquire upstream parameters and range 3 Lock Upstream Channel 4 Acquire IP Address through DHCP 5 4 Managing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gat
8. input Additionally 24 factory set bits are added to the forty bit input to generate a 64 bit encryption key The 24 factory set bits are not user configured This encryption key will be used to encrypt decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface Some vendors refer to the 64 bit WEP data encryption as 40 bit WEP data encryption since the user configurable portion of the encryption key is 40 bits wide Networks Routing and Firewall Basics B 13 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The 128 bit WEP data encryption method consists of 104 user configurable bits Similar to the forty bit WEP data encryption method the remaining 24 bits are factory set and not user configurable Some vendors allow passphrases to be entered instead of the cryptic hexadecimal characters to ease encryption key entry Wireless Channel Selection IEEE 802 11b wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the ISM industrial Scientific and Medical band between 2 4Ghz and 2 5Ghz Neighboring channels are SMhz apart However due to spread spectrum effect of the signals a node sending signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum 12 5Mhz above and below the center channel frequency As a result two separate wireless networks using neighboring channels for example channel 1 and channel 2 in the same general vicinity will interfere with each other Applying two channels that
9. 0 10 bytes 64 time 0 ms V3 replies received min time 10 ms max time 10 ms avg time 0 ms To get an update ofthe results you must REFRESH fine page Figure 5 5 Diagnostics menu To perform a Ping test l Zi In the Ping Target section enter the IP address of the PC you would like to ping If you would like to specify additional details you can set the Ping Size No of Ping and Ping Interval Click Start Test Click REFRESH to see the results of the Ping test Managing Your Network 5 9 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 5 10 Managing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 6 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway For the common problems listed go to the section indicated Is the gateway on Have I connected the gateway correctly Go to Basic Functions on page 6 1 I can t access the gateway s configuration with my browser Go to Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface on page 6 3 I ve configured the gateway but I can t access the Internet Go to Troubleshooting the ISP Connection on page 6 4 I can t remember the gateway s configuration password I want to clear the configuration and start over again Go to Erasing Configuration on page 5 8 Basic Functions After you turn on power to the gateway the fol
10. Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network All stations on the network receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request All other stations discard the request Related Documents The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address directly to the sending device The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Networks Routing and Firewall Basics B 9 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful a
11. Address of your PC you will not have to register the Device Address of your gateway Cable Modem MAC listed on the bottom of your gateway Device MAC listed on the bottom of your gateway PC MAC Address listed on the Basic Settings page 2 4 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Connecting the CG814M Gateway Before using your modem you need to do the following e Connect to your computer using either Ethernet USB or wireless see page 2 6 e Connect the line from your cable service provider to the cable port of the gateway see page 2 7 e Connect the power adapter see page 2 8 A typical installation is shown in Figure 2 1 below Figure 2 1 Typical installation using Ethernet Connecting to Your Computer Your computer will attach to either the Ethernet USB or wireless ports on the CG814M Gateway Connecting the Gateway to the Internet 2 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Ethernet To connect your computer to the modem via Ethernet 1 Locate the Category 5 Ethernet cable which came with your modem 2 Connect your computer to the modem using the Ethernet cable a Note Note The CG814M Gateway incorporates Auto Uplink technology Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection e g connecting to a PC or an upli
12. Check the Enable box for whichever service you would like to block and click Apply Proxy The proxy filter will prevent PCs from using a proxy server to surf the web A proxy server could be used to bypass parental control features because the port number for a proxy is usually 8080 Protecting Your Network 4 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Most web surfing is done on port 80 The parental control feature monitors port 80 so proxy based web surfing would not be inspected by the parental controls The proxy filter should be used if parental controls are being used Cookies A cookie is a text file saved by your web browser which is sent to a particular web servier every time you visit the site Cookies are used to identify you to the web server automatically Java Applets Java Applets are programs that run from within another application such as a web browser ActiveX An ActiveX control is a Microsoft Windows program that can be downloaded from a web page and automatically executed by your web browser on your PC Popup Windows Many internet sites open additional browser windows called popups They are often used for advertisments The CG814M can filter out many of these popup windows Port Blocking Firewall rules are used to block or allow specific traffic passing through from one side to the other Inbound rules WAN to LAN restrict access by outsiders to private resources selectively all
13. Client for Microsoft Networks a Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks If you need to install a new adapter follow these steps a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and then click Add c Select Microsoft d Select TCP IP and then click OK Preparing Your Network C 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a Click the Add button b Select Client and then click Add c Select Microsoft d Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and resources that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from the internal DHCP server of the CG814M Gateway To use DHCP with the recommended default addresses follow these steps 1 Connect all PCs to the gateway then restart the gateway and allow it to boot 2 Oneach attached PC open the Network c
14. DOCSIS 1 0 compliant and upgradable to DOCSIS 1 1 guaranteeing that it will work with your local cable service provider Introduction 1 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway A Powerful True Firewall Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers the CG814M Gateway is a true firewall using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks Its firewall features include e Denial of Service DoS protection Automatically detects and thwarts Denial of Service DoS attacks such as Ping of Death SYN Flood LAND Attack and IP Spoofing e Configurable Port Forwarding Port Blocking Port Triggering and DMZ provide enough flexibility for most applications e Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off limits e Logs security incidents The CG814M Gateway will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic port scans attacks and administrator logins You can configure the gateway to email the log to you at specified intervals You can also configure the gateway to send immediate alert messages to your email address or email pager whenever a significant event occurs Content Filtering With its content filtering feature the CG814M Gateway prevents objectionable content from reaching your PCs The gateway allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses You can configure the gateway to log and report attemp
15. OO A W N gt The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the mask length formats Table 6 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 18 255 255 0 0 116 B 6 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Table 6 2 Netmask Formats 255 255 255 0 24 255 255 255 128 25 299 255 255 192 26 255 255 255 224 27 299 255 255 240 128 299 255 255 248 129 299 259 255 252 30 259 255 255 254 31 255 255 255 255 32 NETGEAR strongly recommends that you configure all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the IANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks LO OSs O Ot ZOO Zo Oe 2 OO Mt Ze OO lt Ze Sia O20 POZO Sr Ua Os EE S a a Zane NETGEAR recommends that
16. a DHCP server The gateway assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 0 2 through 192 168 0 254 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the gateway 192 168 0 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use 1n private networks Configuring Windows 95 98 and ME for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 Onthe Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components C 2 Preparing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Network Configuration Identification Access Contra The following network components are installed m Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FASTOTs Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter i TCP IP i eT ore Primary Network Logon Properties Client for Microsoft Networks File and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP protocol and
17. allow the maximum channel separation will decrease the amount of channel cross talk and provide a noticeable performance increase over networks with minimal channel separation The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table B 1 Table B 1 802 11b Radio Frequency Channels B 14 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Note The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless networks is 25 MHz 5 channels This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your wireless network There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States It is recommended that you start using channel and grow to use channel 6 and 11 when necessary as these three channels do not overlap Ethernet Cabling Although Ethernet networks originally used thick or thin coaxial cable most installations currently use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling The UTP cable contains eight conductors arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector A normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard wiring as described in Table 6 1 Table 6 1 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Orange White Transmit Tx Transmit 1 Green White Receive Rx foe i s fewe e foren Recone 10 _
18. and Firewall Basics B 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table 6 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 CON
19. complete the following steps to verify that power is correctly applied 1 When power is first applied verify that the Power LED comes on All the numbered LAN LEDs will be briefly tested 2 After approximately 10 seconds verify that the local Ethernet or USB port LED is lit for the port that is connected to your computer If a port s LED is lit a link has been established to the connected device If a local Ethernet port is connected to a 100 Mbps device verify that the port s LED is green If the port is 10 Mbps the LED should be yellow Log in to the Gateway gt Note To connect to the gateway your computer needs to be configured to obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP Please refer to Appendix C Preparing Your Network for instructions on how to do this 1 Turn on the gateway 2 Now turn on your computer Note If you usually run software to log in to your Internet connection do not run that software 2 8 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Now that the gateway and the computer are turned on verify the following e When power on the gateway was first turned on the PWR light went on the numbered LAN LEDs turned on for a few seconds e The gateway s LOCAL LINK ACT lights are lit for any computers that are connected to it e The gateway s Cable Link LED is lit indicating a link has been established to the cable service
20. device Data is being tranmitted or received through USB No link is detected on the USB port Introduction Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The Gateway s Rear Panel The rear panel of the CG814M Gateway Figure 1 2 contains the connections identified below p an DE poyppp C ms ia Figure 1 2 CG814M Gateway Rear Panel Viewed from left to right the rear panel contains the following elements AC power adapter input 802 11b Wireless antenna Factory Default Reset push button USB port for connecting the gateway to the local computer Four Local Ethernet RJ 45 ports for connecting the gateway to the local computers Coaxial F type connector for connecting the gateway directly to your cable service provider Introduction 1 7 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1 8 Introduction Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 2 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the CG814M Gateway on your Local Area Network LAN connect to the Internet and perform basic configuration What You Will Need Before You Begin You need to prepare these three things before you can connect your gateway to the Internet 1 A computer properly connected to the gateway as explained below 2 Active Data Over Cable Internet service provided by cable modem account 3 The Internet Service Provi
21. gt WEP Status no data encryption Configure WEP Access Point Allow access by Everyone Trusted PCs only Trusted PCs Apply Cancel Figure 3 1 Wireless Settings menu 3 2 Wireless Configuration Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Wireless Settings In the Wireless Settings section are the following parameters e Name SSID Enter a Service Set ID SSID value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters The same SSID must be assigned to all wireless devices in your network The default SSID is Wireless but NETGEAR strongly recommends that you change your network s SSID to a different value e Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point Restricting Wireless Access by MAC Address By default any wireless PC that is configured with the correct SSID will be allowed access to your wireless network For increased security you can restrict access to the wireless network to only allow specific PCs based on their MAC addresses Check the Turn Access Control On box to restrict access to you network to computers in the Access Control List To access the Access List click the Setup Access List button shown in Figure 3 2 Wireless Card Access List Device Name Mac Address efa Sanders 12 34 56 78 90 12 ci 2 2
22. more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 2 192 168 0 3 192 168 0 1 172 21 15 105 192 168 0 4 192 168 0 5 7786EA Figure 6 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT B 8 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like protection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one PC for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the
23. need to configure the gateway for Internet access l From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens which displays a list of configuration settings If the Configure setting is Using DHCP Server your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address In this case close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an IP address appears under Router address write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address If any Name Server addresses are shown write down the addresses These are your ISP s DNS addresses If any information appears in the Search domains information box write it down Change the Configure setting to Using DHCP Server Close the TCP IP Control Panel Preparing Your Network C 11 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Restarting the Network Once you ve set up your computers to work with the gateway you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall After configuring all of your computers for TCP IP networking and restarting them and connecting them to the local network of your CG814M Gateway you are ready to access and configure the gateway C 12 Preparing Your Network 10BASE T 100BASE Tx 802 11b Denial of Service attack DHCP
24. the DHCP Client ID box empty 4 Close the TCP IP Control Panel 5 Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network MacOS X 1 From the Apple menu choose System Preferences then Network 2 If not already selected select Built in Ethernet in the Configure list 3 Ifnot already selected Select Using DHCP in the TCP IP tab 4 Click Save Preparing Your Network C 7 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP TCP IP Connect wia Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server IF Address 192 168 0 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Router address 192 168 0 1 Search domains Mame serwer addr 132 168 0 1 The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP Address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The Subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The Router address is 192 168 0 1 If you do not see these values you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch the Configure setting to a different option then back again to Using DHCP Server C 8 Preparing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem G
25. to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your PC to a remote device From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 lt IP address gt where lt P address gt is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies Troubleshooting 6 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Check that your PC has the IP address of your gateway listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in your PC s Network Control Panel Verify that the IP address of the gateway 1s listed as the default gateway as described in Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 6 Check to see that the network address of your PC the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check that your Cable Link LED is on If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu Your ISP could be rejecting the Device MAC Address of your gateway because it does not match the MAC Address of the PC you previousy used to connect to a cable modem In this case you will need to clone your PCs MAC Address Refer to Configuration on page 2 11 6 6 Troubleshoo
26. you choose your private network number from this range The DHCP server of the CG814M Gateway is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF publishes RFCs on its Web site at www ietf org Networks Routing and Firewall Basics B 7 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Single IP Address Operation Using NAT In the past if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The CG814M Gateway employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For
27. 7 from e oom Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables In the wiring table the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC For example the PC transmits on pins and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins and 2 When connecting a PC to a PC or a hub port to another hub port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs Networks Routing and Firewall Basics B 15 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since the cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and blue pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other Cable Quality A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second LOBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable m
28. AT Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking PERPERA TEE TE EEE ae Configuring Windows 95 98 and ME for TCP IP awakna PE PEATE TAT ae Install or Verify Windows Networking Components cccccceceeeeeeseeeeeeeees C 2 Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings C 4 Selecting Windows Internet Access Method cccccsesseeeeeeeeeeeetseteeeessaeee O 4 Verifying TCP IP Properties PEE E AIA N A ere een E Pare Oy C 5 Configuring Windows NT 2000 or XP for IP 2 Netwardie een Os Install or Verify Windows Networking Components 0cccsseeeseeeeeeeeeeeees OOO SUI TOPP IS sa riccicossvacendenescenavelapainanxiantsonmentebiasiencuanaaaentdpeseneueiaee We Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Kawani EAE ee PPT C 6 MacOS 8 6 or 9 x wae C 6 MacOS X mn EE E PEP EE Verifying TCP IP P Properties fe for Macintosh Gangues EE E AEE age D 8 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account eens PAEA ETE eer C O viii Contents What Is Your Configuration Information cisaciccesscncpesdcatiasreicecdiseniessinsnendeeuseresiiaiies C 9 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers C 10 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers C 11 eet MS NOTO sonera E E enone C 12 G 1 D a eee es Contents Contents Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway About This M
29. CP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Select the IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab C 10 Preparing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address Select the DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it down Click Disable DNS Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network window Click OK Reboot your PC at the prompt You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so that you can use this information when you configure the CG814M Gateway Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you
30. IP Address from the range you have defined e Subnet Mask e Gateway IP Address is the gateway s LAN IP address e Primary DNS Server if you entered a Primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu otherwise the gateway s LAN IP address e Secondary DNS Server if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu Note The gateway implements a DNS Relay function When it receives a DNS request on the LAN it passes it to the DNS server specified on the WAN It then relays the response back to the original requesting PC 5 6 Managing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Viewing and Emailing Logged Information The gateway will log security related events such as denied incoming service requests hacker probes and administrator logins If you enabled content filtering the Logs page shows you when someone on your network tried to access a blocked site You can enable e mail notification to receive these logs in an e mail message An example is shown below Logs Logs Block Sites Contact Email Address 00 Services SMTP Server Name CO E mail Alerts Enable Apply Description Count Last Occurence Target Source E mail Log Clear Log Figure 5 3 Logs menu Log entries are described in Table 5 4 Table 5 4 Security Log entry descriptions Fiet Description Description The type of event and what action was taken if any Count This is a reference
31. MZ Host LAN IP Downstream Power 21 2 dBm 36 9 dB Downstream Frequency SNR Upstream Channel Lock Status Locked Modulation QPSK SSS Channel ID 1 Symbol rate 1280 Ksym sec Llaatva oie Marine LE OO Mant t Lim mtem one Memeo Figure 2 4 Connection page You are now connected to the gateway s Connection page shown in Figure 2 4 This page provides detailed information about your cable connection Note If you were unable to connect to the gateway please refer to Basic Functions on page 6 1 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Connecting the CG814M Gateway to the Internet The gateway is now properly attached to your network You are ready to configure your gateway to connect to the Internet To continue installation click on the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 2 5 Basic Settings Hetwork Configuration WAN IP Address 10 152 1527 214 Duration D 06 H 23 M 59 58 Expires MON SEP 30 10 59 58 2002 Host Nare atthi com Required by some ISP sh atthi corm Required by some Domain Mame ISP si Dymamic IP Static IP Dynamic IP ie E fo fo fo MAC Address 00 09 5b 19 07 7e d MAC e ss oo ho jes od o2 fee Firewall Protection W Enable Apply Figure 2 5 Browser based configuration Basic Settings menu Unless your ISP assigns your configuration automatically via DHCP
32. Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA Phone 1 888 NETGEAR SM CG814MNA 0 September 2002 2002 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation
33. SP The gateway can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mask DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the Network Address Translation NAT process the network behind the NAT router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet However there are methods by which a determined hacker can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router B 10 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What is a Firewall A firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur When an incident is detected the firewall can log details of the attempt and can optionally send email to an administrator notifying them of the incident Using information from the log the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker In some types of intrusion
34. anual Thank your for purchasing the NETGEAR CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway This manual describes the features of the gateway and provides installation and configuration instructions Audience This reference manual assumes that the reader has intermediate to advanced computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet firewall and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices Typographical Conventions This guide uses the following typographical conventions italics Book titles and UNIX file command and directory names courier font Screen text user typed command line entries Initial Caps Menu titles and window and button names Enter Named keys in text are shown enclosed in square brackets The notation Enter 1s used for the Enter key and the Return key Ctrl C Two or more keys that must be pressed simultaneously are shown in text linked with a plus sign ALL CAPS DOS file and directory names About This Manual Xi Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Special Message Formats This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest Warning This format is used to highlight information about the possibility of injury or equipment damage Danger This format is used to alert you that there is the potential for incurring an elec
35. asks 1 4 Browser based management Browser based configuration allows you to easily configure your gateway from almost any type of personal computer such as Windows Macintosh or Linux A user friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser based Web Management Interface Diagnostic functions The gateway incorporates built in diagnostic functions such as Ping DNS lookup and remote reboot These functions allow you to test Internet connectivity and reboot the gateway You can use these diagnostic functions directly from the CG814M Gateway when your are connect on the LAN or when you are connected over the Internet via the remote management function Visual monitoring The gateway s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity Introduction Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What s in the Box The product package should contain the following items CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway AC power adapter Category 5 CATS Ethernet cable USB cable Resource CD including This manual Application Notes Tools and other helpful information Warranty and registration card Support information card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the product for repair The Firewall s Front Pa
36. ateway Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider ISP for a single user Internet access account using a cable modem For a single user Internet account your ISP supplies TCP IP configuration information for one computer With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet connection among several computers your gateway takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the gateway s Internet port 1s connected to the broadband modem the gateway appears to be a single PC to the ISP The gateway then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the gateway to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading What Is Your Configuration Information More and more ISPs are dynamically assigning configuration information However if your ISP does not dynamically assign configuration information but instead used fixed configurations your ISP should have given you the following basic information for your account Preparing Your Network C 9 Reference Manual for t
37. ateway You can ping the gateway from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your gateway is set up correctly To ping the gateway from a PC running Windows 95 or later 1 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run 2 In the field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the gateway as in this example 6 4 Troubleshooting Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway ping 192 168 0 1 3 Click on OK You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is not working you see this message Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN port LED is on If the LED is off follow the instructions in Local Link LEDs Not On on page 6 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and gateway e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your PC or workstation Verify that the IP address for your gateway and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your PC
38. ation the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1s a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The CG814M Gateway supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast protocols RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority JANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the ANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at www iana org The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is wr
39. ble Modem Gateway DHCP By default the gateway will function as a DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server allowing it to assign IP DNS server and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the router s LAN The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the gateway IP addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN For most applications the default DHCP and TCP IP settings of the gateway are satisfactory See IP Configuration by DHCP on page B 10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network Use router as DHCP server If another device on your network will be the DHCP server or if you will manually configure the network settings of all of your computers select NO for the DHCP Server otherwise leave Yes selected Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the gateway s LAN IP address Using the default addressing scheme you should define a range between 192 168 0 10 and 192 168 0 253 The range of IP addresses between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 9 can be used for devices with fixed addresses The gateway will deliver the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP e An
40. c network such as the Internet as a connection WAN See wide area network WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP is a data encryption protocol for 802 11b wireless networks All wireless nodes and access points on the network are configured with a 64 bit or 128 bit Shared Key for data encryption wide area network WAN A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks The Internet is a large WAN Windows Internet WINS Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving Naming Service Windows based computer names to IP addresses If a remote network contains a WINS server your Windows PCs can gather information from that WINS server about its local hosts This allows your PCs to browse that remote network using Network Neighborhood WINS See Windows Internet Naming Service 4 Glossary
41. ck Delete Considerations for Port Forwarding If your external IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires Consider using the Dynamic DNS feature in the Advanced menus so that external users can always find your network e Ifthe IP address of the local server PC is assigned by DHCP it may change when the PC is rebooted To avoid this you can assign a static IP address to your server outside the range that is assigned by DHCP but in the same subnet as the rest of your LAN By default the IP addresses in the range of 192 168 0 2 through 192 168 0 9 are reserved for this e Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs local LAN address 192 168 0 X XX by default Attempts by local PCs to access the server using the external WAN IP address will fail Port Triggering Port Triggering is an advanced feature that allows you to dynamically open inbound ports based on outbound traffic on different ports This is an advanced feature that can be used for gaming and other internet applications Port Forwarding can typically be used to enable similar functionality but it is static and has some limitations Ports will be open to traffic from the internet until the port forwarding rule is removed Additionally port forwarding does not work well for some applications when your WAN IP address is assigned by DHCP and is changed frequently Port Triggering opens in incoming
42. ct length information Networks Routing and Firewall Basics B 11 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Wireless Networking The CG814M Gateway conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11b standard for wireless LANs WLANs On an 802 11b wireless link data is encoded using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz The maximum data rate for the wireless link is 11 Mbps but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5 5 2 and 1 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected The 802 11b standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi Fi by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see http www wi fi net an industry standard group promoting interoperability among 802 11b devices Wireless Network Configuration The 802 11b standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network ad hoc and infrastructure Ad hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup In an ad hoc network computers are brought together as needed thus there is no structure or fixed points to the network each node can generally communicate with any other node There is no Access Point involved in this configuration This mode enables you to quickly set up a small wireless workgroup and allows workgroup members to exchange data or share printers as supported by Microsoft Networking in the various Wi
43. cting the Gateway to the Internet Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 5 Firewall Protection Normally firewall protection should be enabled to protect your network from attacks from the internet Removing the check from the Firewall Protection box disables your firewall 6 Click Apply to save your settings Connecting the Gateway to the Internet 2 13 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 2 14 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 3 Wireless Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Note If you are configuring the gateway from a wireless PC and you change the gateway s SSID channel or WEP settings you will lose your wireless connection when you click on Apply You must then change the wireless settings of your PC to match the gateway s new Settings Considerations For A Wireless Network In planning your wireless network you should consider the level of security required You should also select the physical placement of your gateway in order to maximize the network speed For further information on wireless networking refer to Wireless Networking in Appendix B Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Security Unlike wired network data your wireless data transmissions can exten
44. d as its networking protocol If a Network Interface Card NIC is already installed in your PC then TCP IP is probably already installed as well Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP IP e Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon e Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network Preparing Your Network C 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP IP components Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP IP on your computer In your IP network each PC and the gateway must be assigned a unique IP addresses Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the PC obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to Appendix B Networks Routing and Firewall Basics The CG814M Gateway is shipped preconfigured as
45. d beyond your walls and can be received by anyone with a compatible adapter For this reason NETGEAR strongly recommends that you make use of the security features of your wireless equipment As a minimum security precaution you should change the SSID setting of all devices on your network from the factory setting to a unique password Restricting access by MAC address filtering adds another obstacle against unwanted hosts joining your network To hinder a determined eavesdropper you should enable Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption Wireless Configuration 3 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Placement and Range The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the wireless gateway For best results place your gateway e near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate e inan elevated location such as a high shelf e away from potential sources of interference such as PCs microwaves and cordless phones e away from large metal surfaces Wireless Settings To configure the Wireless interface of your gateway click on the Wireless Settings heading in the Setup section of the browser interface The Wireless Settings menu will appear as shown in Figure 3 1 Wireless Settings Identification Regulatory Domain US Canada station Marne FR1140 SSID Service Set Identifier Wireless Options Channel Mo fio
46. der ISP configuration information for your cable modem account LAN Hardware Requirements The CG814M Gateway connects to your LAN using either its twisted pair Ethernet USB or 802 11b wireless port Computer Requirements To use the CG814M Gateway on your network each computer must have either an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card NIC USB Host port or 802 11b wireless adapter If the computer will connect to your network at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 CATS cable such as the one provided with your gateway Connecting the Gateway to the Internet 2 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway LAN Configuration Requirements For the initial connection to the Internet and configuration of your gateway you will need to connect a computer to the gateway which is set to automatically get its TCP IP configuration from the gateway via DHCP Note Please refer to Appendix C Preparing Your Network for assistance with DHCP configuration Internet Configuration Requirements Depending on how your ISP set up your Internet account you will need one or more of these configuration parameters to connect your gateway to the Internet e Host and Domain Names e ISP Domain Name Server DNS Addresses e Fixed or Static IP Address If you already have cable Internet service and are replacing a cable modem you may neeed these parameters e CG814M Gateway Cable and Device MAC Address that can be fo
47. dresses and Address Resolution Protocol ccececceceseceeseseeeesereeeeeess BOO Related Documents ETRA APTP eee mini ienetpcanteos ERENT E E A PEETI B 9 Domain Name Sever FEAET EEEL MEAT AEETI EA paced lace ati aa a als esd IP Configuration FI os cainci ct axeasavcntdncvnsienertecrmiereeiccrdenatexsveeeserindemeteohcienieectads Internet Security and Firewalls io imiscrcisorericvessstareriintocinovsciooscneorinriatnerisdsseiiavanissarspvintesay B 10 What is a Firewall saaieeaeidenses A EES OPE PEPEE E R B 11 Stateful Packet Inspection Spsipiay area a EE A EP E EEEE E OETA B 11 Denial of Services Attack sopiran iaaiiai aaa 1 Wireless Networking Lda B 12 Wireless Network ionin eee E a a a a LE Ad hoc Mode Peer to Peer Gan RENAA SEIAT E EA a 2 Infrastructure Mode B 12 Extended Service Set Identification ESSID eee rere E oi PG Authentication and WEP Encryption iiccsissicsinasiceveincrsnndsanunseaiencasuaciideaceatuvnesactesvnia B 13 Wireless Channel Selection cccccccccsccceseceeseeecseeeseeeecseeessessssesessessssesessssesees B 14 Ethernet Cabling EENE NEE ENE EEEE B 15 Uplink Switches and Crossover Cables ccccccceeecseceeeeseeeteeetsessssesseeessesseees B 15 BRR N T ara a a a a A Appendix C Preparing Your Network ssssssusesnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn O
48. e Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator URL http www netgear com A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explo
49. e that you have configured in the Port Forwarding or Port Triggering menu Instead of discarding this traffic you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network This computer is called the Default DMZ Host To assign a computer or server to be a DMZ Host from the Main Menu under Advanced select DMZ Host Enter the IP address of the computer you would like to assign as a DMZ Host and click Apply To disable the DMZ Host enter 0 and click Apply Respond to Ping on Internet WAN Port If you want the gateway to respond to a ping from the Internet click the Respond to Ping on Protecting Your Network 4 11 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway WAN Port check box This should only be used as a diagnostic tool since it allows your gateway to be discovered Don t check this box unless you have a specific reason to do so A120 Protecting Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 5 Managing Your Network This chapter describes how to perform network management tasks with your CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Network Status Information The CG814M provides a variety of status and usage information which is discussed below Managing Your Network 5 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Viewing Gateway Status From the Main Menu under Maintenance select Gateway Status to view the screen in Figure 5 1
50. ersists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Local Link LEDs Not On If the Local Port Link LEDs do not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following e Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the gateway and at the hub or PC e Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or PC e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the gateway s Internet port to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable could be a standard straight through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable 6 2 Troubleshooting Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Cable Link LED Not On If the Cable Link LED does not light when connected to your cable television cable check the following Make sure that the coaxial cable connections are secure at the gateway and at the wall jack Make sure that your cable internet service has been provisioned by yor cable service provider Your provider should verify that the signal quality is good enough for cable modem service Remove any excessive splitters you may have on your cable line It may be necessary to run a home run back to the point where the cable enters your home Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the gateway s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local network check t
51. et Connection Information 1 Print this page Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider ISP Fixed or Static IP Address If you have a static IP address record the following information For example 169 254 141 148 could be a valid IP address Fixed or Static Internet IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address ISP DNS Server Addresses If you were given DNS server addresses fill in the following Primary DNS Server IP Address Secondary DNS Server IP Address Host and Domain Names Some ISPs use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324 A or attbi If you haven t been given host or domain names you can use the following examples as a guide e If your main e mail account with your ISP is aaa yyy com then use aaa as your host name Your ISP might call this your account user host computer or system name e If your ISP s mail server is mail xxx yyy com then use xxx yyy com as the domain name ISP Host Name ISP Domain Name MAC Addresses of CG814M Gateway and PC If you have existing cable internet service and are replacing your cable modem you may need to notify your cable service provider of the MAC Address often called Hardware Address and or Device Address of your CG814M Gateway The Device Address is the equivalent of a PC behind the cable modem and can be cloned Cloning allows you to specify the MAC address of the packets the gateway sends to the internet If you clone the MAC
52. eway Current System Time The date and time is acquired from your cable service provider as part of the registration procedure Configuring LAN IP Settings The LAN IP Setup menu allows configuration of LAN IP services such as the IP address of the gateway and DHCP These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the Main Menu in the LAN IP menu LAN IP Setup The gateway is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side and to act as a DHCP server The gateway s default LAN IP configuration is e LAN IP addresses 192 168 0 1 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks and should be suitable in most applications If your network has a requirement to use a different IP addressing scheme you can make those changes in this menu The LAN TCP IP Setup parameters are e LAN IP Address This is the IP address of the gateway e Subnet Mask This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the gateway Combined with the IP address the Subnet Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it and which must be reached through a gateway or router Note If you change the LAN IP address of the gateway while connected through the gt browser you will be disconnected You must then open a new connection to the new IP address and log in again Managing Your Network 5 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Ca
53. fic select the service you would like to block from the drop down list of predefined services Click Add e Ifthe service you would like to block is not in the predefined list you can add a custom service Enter the range of ports you would like to block and select whether the ports are TCP UDP or Both Click Add e To delete an existing rule select its button on the left side of the table and click Delete Port Forwarding Because the CG814M Gateway uses Network Address Translation NAT your network presents Protecting Your Network 4 7 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway only one IP address to the Internet and outside users cannot directly address any of your local computers However by defining an inbound rule you can make a local server for example a web server or game server visible and available to the Internet The rule tells the gateway to direct inbound traffic for a particular service to one local server based on the destination port number This is also known as Port Forwarding Note Some residential broadband ISP accounts do not allow you to run any server processes such as a Web or FTP server from your location Your ISP may periodically check for servers and may suspend your account if it discovers any active services at your location If you are unsure refer to the Acceptable Use Policy of your ISP Remember that allowing inbound services opens holes in your firewall Onl
54. gle network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range 1 x x Xx to 126 x X X e Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range 128 1 x x to 191 254 x xX Networks Routing and Firewall Basics B 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range OZ Othe TO 22 e N o E e Class D Class D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 e ClassE Class E addresses are for experimental use This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two par
55. he Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e An IP address and subnet mask e A gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses e Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix is xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your gateway automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the cable modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy the configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the gateway These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the CG814M Gateway Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the gateway for Internet access 1 Onthe Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select T
56. he Web Configuration Interface cccccccccccceeseseeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeesssseeeees O O Troubleshooting the ISP Connection en eer ye ee ner Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility EE EEE EAEE A 6 4 Testing the LAN Path to Your Gateway ceccee AE TE E O 4 Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device ccccccccseeeceeeeeeeeeeneeeenees OD Appendix A Technical Specifications ag ia intecin en niece rinses nes ceca sade dn inne and cd nha A 1 Appendix B Networks Routing and Firewall Basics cccccccsseeeeeeseeeeeneceneceneeeneeeeeeeeeeeenesensseneees B 1 Related Publications peda TEN IEL E EN APETI APAE TA MAPTE TERT B 1 Basic Router Concepts ccccceeceeesseeeceeeeereneees eT eee ae eee eee eT ee eee B 1 What is a Router susiicsdncpicsmsndvensiavsaisxcss EEE TETT EPPEN EIET EEEE B 2 Ro ting Information ProtOCOl wiasceiceiccsicrrosiasadeaenconpsadsvncsetaceescasagancansedaichavecdaatenesiine DAA IP Addresses and the Internet 0 CERP DENENG PTEE A EE E E AEE S B 2 Netmask 008 Paonia ETE EEE PEPE PEPEE TET ete Shea EEE E TEE B 4 Subnet Addressing EEEE EALE ATELE ONAE ET E eres eee aaa IFE EAEE B 5 eee F aO EE a a aa a ET Contents vii Single IP Address Operation Using NAT ccccccecseccesseeeeeeeceseecessseeeeeeesesess BD O MAC Ad
57. he following Check the Ethernet connection between the PC and the gateway as described in the previous section Make sure your PC s IP address is on the same subnet as the gateway If you are using the recommended addressing scheme your PC s address should be in the range of 192 168 0 10 to 192 168 0 254 Refer to Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 5 or Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking on page C 6 to find your PC s IP address Follow the instructions in Appendix C to configure your PC Note If your PC s IP address is shown as 169 254 x x Recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server These auto generated addresses are in the range of 169 254 x x If your IP address is in this range check the connection from the PC to the gateway and reboot your PC If your gateway s IP address has been changed and you don t know the current IP address clear the gateway s configuration to factory defaults This will set the gateway s IP address to 192 168 0 1 This procedure is explained in Erasing Configuration on page 5 8 Make sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using Internet Explorer click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded Try quitting the browser and launching it again Troubleshooting 6 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Make sure you a
58. ions network serving users within a limited area such as one floor of a building A LAN typically connects multiple personal computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers Although many technologies exist to implement a LAN Ethernet is the most common for connecting personal computers Media Access Control address A unique 48 bit hardware address assigned to every Ethernet node Usually written in the form 01 23 45 67 89 ab Megabits per second See Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte See Maximum Transmit Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received The portion of a number address or field that is farthest left when written as a single number in conventional hexadecimal ordinary notation The part of the number having the most value Glossary NAT netmask Network Address Translation packet PPP PPTP Point to Point Protocol RFC RIP router Routing Information Protocol subnet mask URL UTP Glossary Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway See Network Address Translation A number that explains which part of an IP address comprises the network address and which part is the host address on that network It can be expressed in dotted decimal notation or as a number appended to the IP address For example a 28 bit mask starting from the MSB can be shown as 255 255 255 192 or as 28 appended to the IP address
59. itten in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as ES ke age tae le aga B 2 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address classes have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The follow figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type Class A E eee Network Node Class B SS oe Network Node Class C SSS ee Network Node 7261 Figure 6 1 Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a sin
60. ling an Ethernet card Protocol Support The CG814M Gateway supports the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP Appendix B Networks Routing and Firewall Basics provides further information on TCP IP e IP Address Sharing by NAT The CG814M Gateway allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider ISP This technique known as Network Address Translation NAT allows the use of an inexpensive single user ISP account e Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The CG814M Gateway dynamically assigns network configuration information including IP gateway and domain name server DNS addresses to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This feature greatly simplifies configuration of PCs on your local network e DNS Relay When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified the gateway provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs The gateway obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN Introduction 1 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Easy Installation and Management You can install configure and operate the CG814M Gateway within minutes after connecting it to the network The following features simplify installation and management t
61. lowing sequence of events should occur l 2 3 When power is first applied verify that the Power LED 1s on Verify that the numbered ethernet LEDs come on momentarily After approximately 30 seconds verify that c The Local port Link LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected d The Test LED is not lit Troubleshooting 6 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e The Internet Link port LED is lit If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section Power LED Not On If the Power and other LEDs are off when your gateway is turned on e Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your gateway and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet e Check that you are using the 12VDC power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Test LED Stays On If the Test LED stays on continuously there is a fault within the gateway If you experience problems with the Test LED e Cycle the power to see if the gateway recovers and the LED goes off e If all LEDs including the Test LED are still on one minute after power up clear the gateway s configuration to factory defaults This will set the gateway s IP address to 192 168 0 1 This procedure is explained in Erasing Configuration on page 5 8 If the error p
62. ndows operating systems Some vendors also refer to ad hoc networking as Peer to Peer group networking In this configuration network packets are directly sent and received by the intended transmitting and receiving stations As long as the stations are within range of one another this is the easiest and least expensive way to set up a wireless network Infrastructure Mode With a wireless Access Point you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode This mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or area of coverage interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna B 12 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway In the infrastructure mode the wireless access point converts airwave data into wired Ethernet data acting as a bridge between the wired LAN and wireless clients Connecting multiple Access Points via a wired Ethernet backbone can further extend the wireless network coverage As a mobile computing device moves out of the range of one access point it moves into the range of another As a result wireless clients can freely roam from one Access Point domain to another and still maintain seamless network connection Extended Service Set Identification ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is one of two types of Service Set Identification SSID In an ad hoc wireless network with no access
63. nel The front panel of the CG814M Gateway Figure 1 1 contains status LEDs Figure 1 1 CG814M Gateway Front Panel Introduction 1 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections Table 1 1 lists and describes each LED on the front panel of the CG814M Gateway These LEDs are green when lit Table 1 1 LED Descriptions Test v Cable Link cb Cable Traffic Wireless Local Local Area Network Power On Off O On Off On Green Off On Off On Green Blink Green On Yellow Blink Yellow Off On Green Blink Green Off Power is supplied to the gateway Power is not supplied to the gateway A system failure has occurred Reboot the gateway Normal operation Configuration of the cable interface by your cable service provider is complete Configuration of the cable interface is still in progress Data is being transmitted or received on the cable interface The cable interface is idle Indicates that the wireless Access Point is operating normally Data is being transmitted or received on the wireless interface The Local port has detected link with a 100 Mbps device Data is being transmitted or received at 100 Mbps The Local port has detected link with a 10 Mbps device Data is being transmitted or received at 10 Mbps No link is detected on this port The Local port has detected link with a USB
64. nk connection e g connecting to a switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection USB To connect your computer to the modem via USB involves installing the USB driver Note The USB connection option is only available for Windows PCs Also Windows 95 does not support USB without special operating system upgrades and patches 1 Install the USB driver a Insert the CD which came with your modem into the CD drive of your computer a Connect the USB cable to your modem and plug in the AC power for the modem b Use the USB cable to connect your computer to the modem 2 6 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The found new hardware Windows installation wizard will prompt you for the drivers Found New Hardware Wizard i Install Hardware Device Drivers Pia 4 device diver is a software program that enables a hardware device to work with Sy an operating system This wizard will complete the installation for this device vi NETGEAR CG814 Cable Modem device driver it a software program that makes a hardware device work Windows needs driver files for your new device To locate driver files and complete the installation click Next What do you want the wizard t
65. number for each event Last Occurrence The date and time the log entry was recorded Target The name or IP address of the destination device or website Source The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry Managing Your Network 5 7 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Enabling Logs Event E mail Notification In order to receive logs and alerts by e mail you must provide your e mail information in the E Mail section of the Logs menu e Inthe Contact Email Address type the e mail address to which the logs will be sent Use a full e mail address for example ChrisX Y myISP com e Inthe SMTP Server Name box type the outgoing SMTP mail server of your ISP for example mail myISP com You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your e mail program If you leave this box blank no alerts or logs will be sent e Check the E mail Alerts Enable box e Click E mail Log to send the log immediately e Click Apply Erasing Configuration The configuration settings of the CG814M Gateway are stored in a configuration file in the gateway This file can be reverted to factory default settings The procedures below explain how to do these tasks It is sometimes desirable to restore the gateway to the factory default settings This can be done by using the Erase function 1 To erase the configuration from the Main Menu under Maintenance select Set Password Select Yes fo
66. o do Search for a suitable driver for my device recommended Display a list of the known drivers for this device so that can choose a specific driver lt Back Cancel Browse to the CD and install the USB driver by clicking through the Windows wizard prompts Wireless Detailed instructions on configuring your wireless devices for TCP IP networking are provided in the next chapter However if you already have a functioning wireless network and you wish to use a wireless PC to initially configure the router you will need to change the settings of that PC to match the default settings of the router e The SSID should be Wireless note the capitalization e The Channel should be set to 6 e WEP encryption is disabled Connecting to your Cable Service Provider Using a coaxial cable provided by your cable service provider connect the coaxial cable jack on you wall to the cable connector on the gateway The Cable Link LED will be solid green when your gateway has synchronized with the cable headend Connecting the Gateway to the Internet 2 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Connecting the Power Adapter To connect the power adapter to the gateway 1 Plug the connector of the power adapter into outlet on the rear panel of the modem 2 Plug the other end of the adapter into an AC power outlet 3 Verify that the PWR LED on the modem is lit After applying power to the gateway
67. ontrol panel refer to the previous section and select the Configuration tab 3 From the components list select TCP IP gt your Ethernet adapter and click Properties 4 Inthe IP Address tab select Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab 6 If any gateways are shown remove them 7 Click OK 8 Restart the PC Repeat steps 2 through 8 for each PC on your network Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 1 Onthe Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Internet Options icon 3 Select I want to set up my Internet connection manually or I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 4 Select I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next C 4 Preparing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 5 Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the utility winipcfg exe 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run 2 Type winipcfg and then click OK The IP Configuration window opens which lists among other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway 3 From the drop down box select your Ethernet adapte
68. ormation An RFC is a Request For Comment RFC published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at www ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wide area network WAN link such as a cable or DSL modem In order to make the best use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router Networks Routing and Firewall Basics B 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this inform
69. otecting Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1 Inthe Trigger Range enter the outbound ports that will be monitored for activity This will be the trigger 2 Inthe Targe Range enter the inbound ports that should be forwarded when the trigger occurs 3 Select the appropriate protocol TCP UDP or Both 4 Check the Enable box 5 Click Apply To clear a Port Triggering rule you can either remove the check from the Enable box to temporarily disable the rule or you can select the rule and click Delete Setting Up A Default DMZ Host The Default DMZ Server feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT The gateway is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local PC can run the application properly if that PC s IP address is entered as the Default DMZ Host a Note For security you should avoid using the Default DMZ Server feature When a computer is designated as the Default DMZ Server it loses much of the protection of the firewall and is exposed to many exploits from the Internet If compromised the computer can be used to attack your network Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the gateway unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a servic
70. owing only specific outside users to access specific resources Instructions for setting up inbound rules can be found in Port Forwarding on page 7 Outbound rules LAN to WAN determine what outside resources local users can have access to This section describes how to set up outbound rules A firewall has two default rules one for inbound traffic and one for outbound The default rules of the CG814M Gateway are e Inbound Block all access from outside except responses to requests from the LAN side e Outbound Allow all access from the LAN side to the outside You may define additional rules that will specify exceptions to the default rules By adding custom rules you can block or allow access based on the service or application source or destination IP addresses and time of day You can also choose to log traffic that matches or does not match the A600 Protecting Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway rule you have defined To configure outbound rules on the CG814M Gateway click the Port Blocking link on the Advanced section of the main menu Port Blocking MAC Filtering Port Blocking Port Forwarding Active Filters Port Triggering Name Start Port End Port Protocol Add Predefined Service Service SERVICES Add Custom Service Name Start Port End Fort Protocol fo fo Both Add Delete Reset Figure 4 4 Port Blocking menu e To block outbound traf
71. password Also after a period of inactivity for a set length of time the administrator login will automatically disconnect When prompted enter admin for the gateway User Name and password for the gateway Password You can use procedures below to change the gateway s password and the amount of time for the administrator s login timeout Note The user name and password are not the same as any user name or password your may use to log in to your Internet connection NETGEAR recommends that you change this password to a more secure password The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any language and should be a mixture of both upper and lower case letters numbers and symbols Your password can be up to 30 characters Changing the Built In Password 1 Log in to the gateway at its default LAN address of http 192 168 0 1 with its default User Name of admin default password of password or using whatever Password and LAN address you have chosen for the gateway http 192 168 0 1 Figure 4 1 Log in to the gateway Protecting Your Network 4 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 2 From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select Set Password to bring up the menu shown in Figure 4 2 Set Password Gateway Status Connection Set Password Password renee Diagnostics 1 Re Enter Password p Restore Factory Defaults yo
72. points the Basic Service Set Identification BSSID is used In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point the Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is used but may still be referred to as SSID An SSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area network Some vendors refer to the SSID as network name For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID Authentication and WEP Encryption The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft To provide a certain level of security the IEEE 802 11 standard has defined two types of authentication methods Open System and Shared Key With Open System authentication a wireless PC can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted With Shared Key authentication only those PCs that possess the correct authentication key can join the network By default IEEE 802 11 wireless devices operate in an Open System network Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption is utilized when the wireless nodes or access points are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode There are two shared key methods implemented in most commercially available products 64 bit and 128 bit WEP data encryption The 64 bit WEP data encryption method allows for a five character 40 bit
73. port temporarily and can does not require the server on the internet to track your IP address if it is Protecting Your Network 4 9 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway changed Port Triggering monitors outbound traffic When the gateway detects traffic on the specified outbound port it remembers the IP address of the computer that sent the data and triggers the incoming port Incoming traffic on the triggered port is then forwarded to the triggering computer An example of Port Triggering for Internet Relay Chat IRC is shown in Figure 4 6 When you connect to an IRC server the server tries to connect back on port 113 to do an Ident lookup Unless you have configured Port Forwarding to open port 113 the traffic will be blocked In this example the initial login to the server in the range of ports 6660 to 6670 will be detected This will trigger the gateway to temporarily forward port 113 to the PC that initiated the login 1 Port Triggering MAC Filtering Port Blocking Port Forwarding Port Triggering Port Triggering Trigger Range Target Range DMZ Host Protocol Enable is Start Port End Port n Start Port a End SEY i Both gt i Ff i i a ak 17 1 3 Both il PEN Both Both poo Both z Y r CRERRRER Ph Dani T 7 Apply Delete Reset Figure 4 6 Port Triggering menu with IRC example To configure Port Triggering A100 Pr
74. provider 3 Next use a browser like Internet Explorer or Netscape to log in to the gateway at its default address of http 192 168 0 1 htto 192 168 0 1 Figure 2 2 Log in to the gateway A login window opens as shown in Figure 2 3 below 2 x Please type your User name and password Site 192 168 0 1 Realm Netgear User Mame admin Password cheese M Save this password in your password list OF Cancel Figure 2 3 Login window Connecting the Gateway to the Internet 2 9 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway For security reasons the gateway has its own user name and password When prompted enter admin for the gateway User Name and password for the gateway Password both in lower case letters Note The user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection 4 Connect to the Internet WIRELES o NETGEAR Wireless Cable Gateway CG814W Connection Basic Settings Startup Procedure Procedure i t s Status Comment Logs Block Sites Acquire Sa Channel a FE Connectivity State OK Operational Boot State OK Operational Gateway Status Connection Set Password Diagnostics Configuration File SS Security Disabled Disabled Downstream Channel Lock Status Locked Modulation QAMB4 a Channel ID 1 Symbol rate 5056941 MAC Filtering Port Forwarding D
75. r The window is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 0 1 Configuring Windows NT 2000 or XP for IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network and Dialup Connections icon 3 Ifan Ethernet adapter is present in your PC you should see an entry for Local Area Connection Double click that entry 4 Select Properties Preparing Your Network C 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 5 Verify that Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol TCP IP are present If not select Install and add them 6 Select Internet Protocol TCP IP click Properties and verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected 7 Click OK and close all Network and Dialup Connections windows 8 Make sure your PC is connected to the gateway
76. r Restore Factory Defaults and click Apply 2 The gateway will then reboot automatically After an erase the gateway s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 0 1 and the router s DHCP client will be enabled Note To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login password or IP address you must use the Default Reset button on the rear panel of the gateway 1 Using a paper clip depress and hold the Default Reset Button All the numbered Ethernet LEDs will illuminate green 2 Continue to depress the button for at least 5 seconds 3 The gateway will reboot and clear its configuration information 5 8 Managing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Running Diagnostic Utilities The CG814M Gateway has a diagnostics feature You can use the diagnostics menu to test connectivity to PC using the Ping command From the Main Menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select the Diagnostics menu shown in Figure 5 5 Diagnostics Gateway Status Connection Set Password Ping Test Parameters Diagnostics Ping Target jigz hes b Lho Ping Size fes bytes Ho of Pings 3 Ping Interval hooo o ms Start Test AbortTest Clear Results Results Pinging 192 168 0 10 with 64 bytes of data Complete Reply trom 192 168 0 10 bytes 64 time 0 ms Reply from 192 168 0 10 bytes 64 time 0 ms Reply from 192 168
77. re using the correct login information The factory default login name is admin and the password is password Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information If the gateway does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface check the following e When entering configuration settings be sure to click the APPLY button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes are lost e Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your gateway is unable to access the Internet and your Cable Link LED is on you may need to register the Cable MAC Address and or Device MAC Address of you gateway with your cable service provider This is described in Configuration on page 2 11 Additionally your PC may not have the gateway configured as its TCP IP gateway If your PC obtains its information from the gateway by DHCP reboot the PC and verify the gateway address as described in Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 6 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made easier by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation Testing the LAN Path to Your G
78. rer or Netscape are required Contents PE THES eal na a bargin arated xi O ssa sania oe tet ao em aa anni tenn AE A A xi Typographical Conventions eis aeasasiencrecacannstenaconmncanensioraeaseensennce ea a eaS xi CAE e eee a E e E E EN A A A T EEE E E E E xii Te SUDON eae A AEE AAA xii Chapter 1 daitae sii err s a PIRR ORA A E N E E A ae E E A acronis 1 1 About the CG814M Gateway cccccscccsecceeecceeeceeeseecaeeeaueesaeesacesueeaueceueesaeessuessueeeas 1 1 Tee abies cians carci ieeie rst EEEE eee panies 1 1 NE AIG CODE MOCO sianar AeA A 1 1 A Powerful True Firewall ciewsvccctorvnincateniinccoptinnecancinapiiesduntadeimieietanierdcaaapnicomaninenaees 1 2 E URE Sara od semacaacdesnieasengusancateadenecensaansaneetenaore 1 2 802 11b Standards based Wireless Networking cccccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeees 1 2 Configurable Auto Uplink Ethernet Connection cccccccesecceeeceeeceeceeeseeeeaaes 1 3 ee eh E E a sees binnesaeteieyiesaeuiae ai E N 1 3 FORA E a E EE 1 3 Easy Installation and Management cicdccrsdicecsipiatiencdecscenercconicireyearasadieacdiniaiesinereadersine 1 4 E T suare EAREN AEEA 1 5 The Firewalls aa cans sada serene ete cece aortas en pened nnn 1 5 The Gateway S Koar Fanal nimaan reece ti eee 1 7 Chapter 2 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet cecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeneeeeneneenensaes 2 1 What You Will Need Before You Begin n annannnnnonnn
79. resses DNS addresses and gateway router addresses Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Gateway IETF IP IP Address IPSec ISP LAN local area network MAC address Mbps MSB MTU Maximum Transmit Unit Most Significant Bit or Most Significant Byte A local device usually a router that connects hosts on a local network to other networks Internet Engineering Task Force An open international community of network designers operators vendors and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet Working groups of the IETF propose standard protocols and procedures for the Internet which are published as RFCs Request for Comment at www ietf org Internet Protocol The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP to form TCP IP A four position number uniquely defining each host on the Internet Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic an organization formed for this purpose Usually written in dotted decimal notation with periods separating the bytes for example 134 177 244 57 Internet Protocol Security IPSec is a series of guidelines for securing private information transmitted over public networks IPSec is a VPN method providing a higher level of security than PPTP Internet service provider See local area network LAN A communicat
80. rs Cookies Java ActiveX and Popup Windows The section below explains how to configure your gateway to perform these functions Block Keywords and Domains The CG814M Gateway allows you to restrict access to Internet content based on functions such as web address keywords and web domains A domain name is the name of a particular web site For example for the address www NETGEAR com the domain name is NETGEAR com Log in to the gateway at its default LAN address of http 192 168 0 1 with its default User Name of admin default password of password or using whatever Password and LAN address you have chosen for the gateway Protecting Your Network 4 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1 Click on the Block Sites link of the Content Filtering menu Block sites Logs Block Sites Keyword Blocking If Enabie Services Keyword List violence Add Keyvord Remove Keyword Domain Blocking IY Enable Deny Domains C Allow Domains Domain List playboy com Add Domain Remove Domain O Always block block from 10 0 to 16 30 24 hour format Monday through Friday Figure 4 3 Block Sites menu 2 To enable keyword blocking or Domain Blocking check the appropriate Enable box AA Protecting Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 3 Enter Keywords into the Keyword List by typing then in the Add Keyword bo
81. s No Apply Figure 4 2 Set Password menu 3 To change the password first enter the old password and then enter the new password twice 4 Ifyou would like to reset your gateway to its factory default settings select Yes for Restore Factory Defaults This will remove all configuration information you have entered 5 Click Apply to save your changes Note After changing the password you will be required to log in again to continue the configuration If you have backed up the gateway settings previously you should do a new backup so that the saved settings file includes the new password Blocking Keywords Sites and Services The gateway provides a variety of options for blocking Internet based content and communications services With its content filtering feature the CG814M Gateway prevents objectionable content from reaching your PCs The CG814M allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses It also has the capability to block access to all sites except those that are explicitely allowed Key content filtering options include e Blocking access from your LAN to Internet locations that contain keywords that your specify e Blocking access to web sites that you specify as off limits AQ Protecting Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Allowing access to only web sites that you specify as allowed e Filtering of Proxy serve
82. s the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from the hacker s IP address for a period of time Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions Since user level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states Using Stateful Packet Inspection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network connections A central cache within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected Denial of Service Attack A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a Denial of Service DoS attack The method used for such an attack can be as simple as merely flooding your site with more requests than it can handle A more sophisticated attack may attempt to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway Some operating systems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorre
83. s an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits that are free as shown below Class B SSS LLU Network Subnet Node 7262 Figure 6 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Networks Routing
84. t names such as www netgear com to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP transfers the IP address of one or two DNS servers to your gateway during login If the ISP does not transfer an address you must obtain it from the ISP and enter it manually here If you enter an address here you should reboot your PCs after configuring the gateway 4 Cable MAC Address Device MAC Address This section indicates the Cable and Device MAC Address settings of your gateway If you have existing cable internet service and are replacing your cable modem you may need to notify your cable service provider of the Cable MAC Address and or Device MAC Address of your gateway in order to obtain service The CG814M Gateway appears to your service provider to be a cable modem with a single PC connected to it The Cable Address is the equivalent of the cable modem The Device Address is the equivalent of the PC behind the cable modem and can be cloned Cloning allows you to specify the MAC address of the packets the gateway sends to the internet If you clone the MAC Address of your PC you will not have to register the Device Address of your gateway To change the Device MAC Address that is used to send traffic to the internet enter the MAC address you would like to use in the Cloned MAC Address field and check the Enable box The MAC Address that is entered by default is the MAC Address of the PC that is accessing the gateway s web interface 2 12 Conne
85. t the application level but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The PC sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each PC must be configured with an IP address If the PCs need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The CG814M Gateway has the capacity to act as a DHCP server The CG814M Gateway also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the I
86. then reboot your PC Verifying TCP IP Properties To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 Type cma and then click OK A command window opens 3 Type ipconfig all Your IP Configuration information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP address is between 192 168 0 2 and 192 168 0 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 0 1 4 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7 TCP IP is already installed on the Macintosh On each networked Macintosh you will need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP MacOS 8 6 or 9 x 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP C 6 Preparing Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway The TCP IP Control Panel opens TCP IP Connect wia Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Serwer IF Address will be supplied by server gt Subnet mask lt lt will be supplied by server gt Router address will be supplied by server gt Search domains Mame server addr lt willbe supplied by server gt 2 From the Connect via box select your Macintosh s Ethernet interface 3 From the Configure box select Using DHCP Server You can leave
87. ting Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols Power Adapter North America input All regions output Physical Specifications Dimensions Weight Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Operating humidity Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of Interface Specifications Technical Specifications TCP IP DHCP server and client DNS relay NAT many to one TFTP client VPN pass through IPSec L2TP 120V 60 Hz input 12 V DC 1 25A output 20W maximum 255 by 169 by 34 mm 10 0 by 6 7 by 1 3 in 0 54 kg 1 2 Ib 32 140 F 0 to 40 C 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing FCC Part 15 Class B A 1 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway IOBASE T or 1OOBASE Tx RJ 45 Local USB 1 1 Function 802 11b Wireless Access Point Internet DOCSIS 1 0 upgradeable to DOCSIS 1 1 A 2 Technical Specifications Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix B Networks Routing and Firewall Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks routing and firewalls Related Publications As you read this document you may be directed to various RFC documents for further inf
88. tion WEP section using the following parameters e Encryption Mode Select the WEP Encryption level e Off no data encryption Open System e 64 bit sometimes called 40 bit encryption e 128 bit encryption e Authentication Type Select the appropriate value Open System or Shared Key Check your wireless card s documentation to see what method to use e Keys If WEP is enabled you can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your network 3 4 Wireless Configuration Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e Automatic Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button The four key boxes will be automatically populated with key values e Manual Enter ten hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 a f or A F Select which of the four keys will be active Be sure to click Apply to save your settings in this menu Wireless Configuration 3 5 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 3 6 Wireless Configuration Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 4 Protecting Your Network This chapter describes how to use the firewall features of the CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway to protect your network Protecting Access to Your CG814M Gateway For security reasons the gateway has its own user name and
89. to Ping on Internet WAN Port en T E er ee EET 4 11 Chapter 5 Manada FOUN NOTNO srriiairiikiniraanian nian AEN D RREAN eee a A A 5 1 Network Siatus ITNT sess sssrcedicrnscrnpanaciennnguseninnesderaomerasatamanomianncianitatemainae vi Contents Viewing Gateway Status pistes EEEE PATET PEET TEET ETET D 2 Cona T E ia SAER A ania 5 4 Current System Time TEEPE PPA E AT E ee pianist Configuring LAN IP Settings 0 aes TEETER EEPE ET ETE EET eer TETA 5 5 LAPE IE OU aE A E EEE tected 5 5 E a E E EAE E TT PAPEETE NPAT EE PA N NAT T AEETI 5 6 Use router as DHCP server cdiuetarerssrcecsesesssniwiavnssannaisncendaietaidaretessstenieiesacoenntines 5 6 Viewing and Emailing Logged Information cccccccccseecceeeeceeseeeeeeeeceseeeeeeseneeeseeeeees 5 7 Enabling Logs Event E mail Notification PET E EE eee EEEE EEIE EET 5 8 Erasing Configuration ansaxecdecinsiaersrqarnsiansineioichusrioiaded oasieinsoiemianinaonntaxctawiars ies 5 8 eT ered e UOS aerisire adi Chapter 6 TURES ONN air ER 6 1 Be or ANC sysioerridsn dadai nenen EEFE T iiaee Pona LEE TO E erpa R 6 2 Test LED Stays On Peer ee eee ere ene OP P AE PAE AE AIIE E AEE ETET aaae 6 2 Local Link LEDs Not ON sacinrssiontaiatcicmnisaranaiens PEET EEE PE PEE EIEE ATE ETE eee 6 2 Cable Link LED Not ON cece ceeceeeeeeeeeeee EEEIEE EAEE AEE EEE PEA T ETT tO Troubleshooting t
90. trical shock if you mishandle the equipment Technical Support For help with any technical issues contact Customer Support at 1 888 NETGEAR or visit us on the Web at www NETGEAR com The NETGEAR Web site includes an extensive knowledge base answers to frequently asked questions and a means for submitting technical questions online xii About This Manual Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway About the CG814M Gateway The NETGEAR CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway connects directly to the wide area network WAN using its built in cable modem It has multiple options to connect to your local area network LAN including a 4 port 10 100 Mbps Ethernet switch a USB port and an 802 11b wireless Access Point The CG814M Gateway is a complete security solution that protects your network from attacks and intrusions Unlike simple Internet sharing routers that rely on Network Address Translation NAT for security the CG814M Gateway uses Stateful Packet Inspection for Denial of Service DoS attack protection and intrusion detection The CG814M Gateway provides highly reliable Internet access for up to 253 users Key Features The CG814M Gateway offers the following features Built in Cable Modem The CG814M Gateway connects directly the the WAN using an integrated cable modem The modem is
91. ts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains LLOOGOOO LOLOLOOG OTOL LALO LLOL POR LGe tk hos Zo combined with LLEELIAI oh e et 00000000 299r Oo oon Equals LIGOOO00 TOL0TO00 JOTOTOLG OU000000 192 Loe 1 7040 B 4 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of hosts per network Such a structure i
92. ts to access objectionable Internet sites 802 11b Standards based Wireless Networking The CG814M Gateway includes an 802 11b compliant wireless access point providing continuous high speed 11 Mbps access between your wireless and Ethernet devices The access point provides e 802 11b Standards based wireless networking at up to 11 Mbps e 64 bit and 128 bit WEP encryption security e WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase e Wireless access can be restricted by MAC address 1 2 Introduction Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Configurable Auto Uplink Ethernet Connection With its internal 4 port 10 100 switch the CG814M Gateway can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network Both the local LAN and the Internet WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation The gateway incorporates Auto Uplink technology Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection USB Port A USB connection to your computer eliminates the need for instal
93. und on the bottom of your gateway or on the Basic Settings page e The MAC Address of the PC that you use to access the internet Where Do I Get the Internet Configuration Parameters There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information e Your ISP should have provided you with all the information needed to connect to the Internet If you cannot locate this information you can ask your ISP to provide it or you can try one of the options below e Ifyou have a computer already connected using the active Internet access account you can gather the configuration information from that computer e For Windows 95 98 ME open the Network control panel select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties e For Windows 2000 XP open the Local Area Network Connection select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties e For Macintosh computers open the TCP IP or Network control panel 2 2 Connecting the Gateway to the Internet Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway e You may also refer to the CG amp 814W Resource CD for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection infromation for many ISPs Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters you may want to record them on the page below Connecting the Gateway to the Internet 2 3 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Record Your Intern
94. unnnnennnnnrnrrrnrrnrnnrenrerrrrnrrnrrsrenrrsnrrnrnne 2 1 LAN Hardware Requirements ccccccceccecccecceeeceecceecaeecseceesesecaeeeeeeasesaseseesaeesass 2 1 Seelgais ty Ro GUNSTE sarsa a aE n er tn rer teetr 2 1 LAN Configuration Requirements cacscescvcscasdvsonseconaventsnraneerosdianesnssseacesaannssatesnoutananed 2 2 Internet Configuration Requirements ccccccccseecseecececeneceuceceeeceueceueceueesseeseueeaes 2 2 Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters cccccceceseeeeeeeeee 2 2 Record Your Internet Connection Information cccccccccceeceeeecaeeeseeseeeseeeeseeeaaes 2 4 Contents V Connecting the CG814M Gateway oai ETP PA EEEN AEE ETE EEEE 2 5 Connecting to Your COmpUtTEI ac crcscacassinaistanissauiadnansiainasimnsyansaiaraientetaneionemeieanumeeO Ethernet cescsccivsesedolvacens EEP nehieeuies R EAER ae EEEE EAEE Y 2 6 Wireless EEEE PEREN EA ELEA ER E T E AE TATIE A ETENE EEE aa Connecting to your Cable Servido Provider METETE especie aches apes geen 2 1 Connecting the Power Adapter PEP P IPE E EEE IE A EE E T 2 8 Log in to the Gateway AIETE ERE T E TETT EE EREET PERAE aei 2 8 Connecting the CG814M Gateway to the Internet n nsnssssnnnsnsennenrensrnesrnreernneeenneenn 211 Configuration sitinaocinayrcateciarsatrnnndseesimeralaniimadieasemnnanieinaaaneen 2 11 Chapter 3 Ee EI soiin EEEa 3 1 Considerations For A Wireless Network
95. ust be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks B 16 Networks Routing and Firewall Basics Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider ISP Note If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your gateway Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers Refer to Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers on page C 10 or Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers on page C 11 for further information Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Each computer on your network must have TCP IP installed and selecte
96. x then click Add Keyword Some examples of Keyword applications follow e Ifthe keyword XXX is specified the URL lt http www badstuff com xxx html gt is blocked e Ifthe keyword com is specified only websites with other domain suffixes such as edu or gov can be viewed e Enter the keyword to block all Internet browsing access Up to 8 entries are supported in the Keyword list 4 Enter Domains into the Domain List by typing then in the Add Domain box then click Add Domain If the domain badstuff com is specified the URL lt http www badstuff com xxx html gt is blocked along with all other urls in the badstuff com site Up to 8 entries are supported in the Keyword list 5 To block access to the domains in the Domain List select Deny Domains To allow access to only the domains in the Domain List select Allow Domains If the domain soodstuff com is specified you will be able to access only sites on the goodstuff site 6 To delete a keyword or domain select it from the list click Remove Keyword or Remove Domain 7 Configure the times when access rules apply in the Schedule section 8 Click Apply to save your settings Blocking Services The CG814M Gateway allows you to block access to specific traffic such as proxies cookies Java Applets ActiveX and popup windows To enable filtering of services from the Content Filtering section of the Main Menu select Services
97. y enable those ports that are necessary for your network Following are two application examples of inbound rules To configure inbound rules on the CG814M Gateway click the Port Forwarding link on the Advanced section of the main menu Port Forwarding MAC Filtering Port Blocking Port Forwarding Active Forwarding Rules Port Triggering Name Start Port End Port Protocol Local IP Address cane Ce ca 2 Prr eo fo Top z 192 168 0 5 Choose Predefined Semice Service SERVICES Add Custom Rules Name start Port End Port Protocol Local IF Address f fo Both 192 168 0 Add Delete Reset Figure 4 5 Port Forwarding menu e To forward inbound traffic AB Protecting Your Network Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway 1 Select the service you would like to forward from the drop down list of predefined services If the service you would like to forward is not in the predefined list you can add a custom service Enter the range of ports you would like to forward and select whether the ports are TCP UDP or Both 2 Enter the IP address of the computer on your network to which you would like to direct the inbound traffic 3 Click Add 4 To access the local computer from the Internet you must use the WAN address of your gateway which can be found on the Basic Settings page e To delete an existing rule select its button on the left side of the table and cli
98. you will need the configuration parameters from your ISP you recorded in Record Your Internet Connection Information on page 2 4 Configuration 1 Your current WAN IP address is shown on this page Connecting the Gateway to the Internet 2 11 Reference Manual for the Model CG814M Wireless Cable Modem Gateway If you have set your configuration for Dynamic IP below then an IP address shown here is an indication that you have successfully received an IP address from your service provider If you have set your configuration to Static IP below then the IP address you entered will be shown here For Dynamic IP the Duration and time of Expiration of the IP address are shown The IP address is renewed automatically using DHCP 2 Enter your Host Name and Domain Name These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP s services such as mail or news servers 3 Select Dynamic or Static IP Address If your service provider assigns your IP address automatically through DHCP select Dynamic IP If your service provider has assigned you a permanent fixed static IP address for your PC select Static IP If you select Static IP enter the IP address that your ISP assigned Also enter the Static IP Mask also known as netmask Gateway IP address and Domain Name Server DNS Addresss The Gateway is the ISP s router to which your gateway will connect A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Interne

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