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IBM Heritage Network Router User Manual

1. onesie 1000 Z Ethernet Port 192 so Ethernet 202 1 136 254 1 gt 202 1 136 100 ISP DSLAM Configuration IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 2 192 168 1 1 Local PC Configuration IP Address 202 1 136 100 Subnet M ask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 202 1 136 254 168 The xDSL Router also can be setup to support RFC 2516 PPP over Ethernet with following procedure Before setup RFC 2516 you have to ensure remove existing RFC 1483 or RFC 1577 or RFC 2364 configuration with the procedure mentioned above e IP dial out over PPPoE gt ip device add ethernet ether edd 202 1 136 254 J This is theIP of Ethernet port of xD SL Router gt ip device add ppp device ether ppp DEVICE 1 J gt ppp 1 pppoe 0 32 J Set channe 1 to VPI 0 V Cl 32 gt ppp 1 welogin lt name gt lt password gt chap This is the login name and password of PPP server gt ppp 1 enable gt config save gt restart 314 Basic Configurations gt ip relay all J gt config save gt restart The RFC 2516 configuration also can be removed by following procedure Please ensure to remove the RFC 2516 configuration before set the xDSL Router to other configuration gt isfs rm resolve gt isfs rm initppp gt restart Advanced Configurations 41 Chapter 4 Advanced Configurations This Chapter described the advanced features tha
2. 1 10 Introduction Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 1 Chapter 2 Installing and Configuring your xD SL R outer The major functions of the xDSL Router are performed by using Ethernet 10Base T or 10 100Base T network interface Your computer has to install an Ethernet NIC card and set up the TCP IP protocol before start to using the xDSL Router The xDSL Router also provides a serial console port for monitoring and configuring the Router via the xDSL Configuration Tool or HyperTerminal program 2 2 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 1 Preparation for H ardware and software installation Before start the hardware installation Please prepare all the materials listed below regarding to your application 1 Connect to a computer directly m xDSL service provider or ISP NSP service contract Please sign an appropriate Internet connection contract with a reliable ISP NSP and get necessary connection information that will help you configuring your Router Personal computer with OS that support Ethernet interface TCP IP protocol installed in your personal computer Ethernet card 10 or 10 100Base T Ethernet straight through cable included in this package RJ 11 telephone cable included in this package RS 232 serial cable optional Power adaptor include in this package Console Port ia Pot Fuif Ethernet Port Ethernet Port
3. H eritage Series M ulti M ode xD SL Router User s M anual Copyright All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced in any form or by any means without written permission from the product manufacturer Changes are periodically made to the information in this document They will be incorporated in subsequent editions The product manufacturer may make improvements and or changes in the product described in this document at any time Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction nn 1 1 UO VEEN efi iets ANAR E E 1 1 1 2 Features and Compatibility ooo cceesesececeeseseereeeeees 1 2 1 3 What s in the package oe cceccececceccecceceacecceceereeeecen 14 1 4 Important Rules for Safe Operation oo eeeesecseeeeeecee 1 5 LS FONE PANS a ys dai concn aaan A O aa a iaeoa 18 1 6 Real Panel 1 9 Chapter 2 Installing and Configuring your xDSL OU ca d cess cetesel ach treet lenin at 2 1 2 1 Preparation for Hardware and Software Installation _ _ 2 2 2 2 Hardware Installation osc cssssssssscssesesssseceseseseesesscevene 2 4 2 3 Windows 95 98 setting for Ethernet LAN connection 2 5 2 3 1 Check TCP IP protocol Buda Gada ak Rt 2 5 2 3 2 TCP IP installation 5 conce gi oGo ats astacree plte 2 7 2 3 3 TCP IP setting Sele aaah aa ee tirana ie nah 2 9 2 4 Configuring the ROU E asesseeeenereoreorrerserrrorrrrenrereen 2 12 2 4 1 Using TELNET viaEthernetinterface 2 12 2 4 2 Using terminal progra
4. 13 iphostname Syntax iphostname add lt IP address gt lt name gt iphostname flush iphostname list iphostname help all lt cmd gt Description Sets up a mapping between an IP address and a symbolic name deletes all such mappings lists the mappings or displays help on the iphostname command The symbolic names can be used in most IP commands where an IP address is required and as values of the attributes LH OST and RHOST They arealso displayed and returned as attribute values in place of numerical addresses when a suitable mapping exists The iphostname command is hidden not shown by ip help Configuration saving saves this information 14 norelay Syntax norelay all lt i f gt lt i f gt forward Description Turns off forwarding between interfaces see the relay command for more details The command norelay with no parameters is equivalent to norelay all it turns off all forwarding Configuration saving saves this information Example DSL gt ip relay relay ether ether relay ether vlan relay vlane vlane DSL gt ip norelay ether viane forward relay ether ether relay vlane ether forward Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 29 relay vlane vlane 15 ping Syntax ping lt IP address gt lt ttl gt lt size gt Description Sends an ICMP Echo message to the specified IP address lt ttl gt default 30 isthe TTL time
5. Transparent Bridging features conformance to IEEE 802 1d and supports spanning tree protocol and bridge filters TCP IP with RIP version 1 RFC 1058 and version 2 RFC 1723 compatible ARP RFC 1293 supports only one single subnet DHCP RFC 2131 RFC 2132 server and client BOOTP RFC 2131 RFC 2132 SNMP version RFC 1155 RFC 1157 RFC 1213 TELNET server RFC 854 855 857 858 NAT server TFTP revision 2 RFC 1350 PPP Point to Point Protocol support PAP CHAP user Authentication with PPP PPTP tunneling ADSL Up to 8 M bps downstream and 640 Kbps upstream Rate adaptive in 32 Kbps steps SH DSL Symmetric 2 3M bps maximum ADSL Up to 18 000 feet SH DSL Up to 16 000 feet Windows 95 98 2000 M e NT4 0 XP Mac Unix amp Linux 6W max through 9V or 12V DC 1000mA power adaptor FCC part 15 FCC part 68 and CE marking Approximately 150mm W x 135mm D x 35mm H Appendix A 3 Operating Environment Temperature Oto 45 C ambient Humidity 5 to 95 non condensing Some models does not support Power Adaptor The Heritage xDSL Router is powered by a 9V or 12V DC 1A power adaptor which included in this package with positive polarity inside and negative polarity outside In any case the standard power adaptor come with the modem is not available please find a power adaptor meet above specifications A 4 Appendix AppendixB Troubleshooting This chapter is intended to hel
6. learned LLC mode and sends packets with the LLC header Thus interoperation with LLC using equipment should not normally require any configuration Learning occurs in this direction only Setting hdic to 0 clears this learned state Configuration saving does not save the learned state 15 lt channel gt pvc Syntax lt channel gt pvc lt port gt lt vpi gt lt vci gt ip lmac listen lt channel gt pvc none Description Attach an ATM PVC to the given PPP channel The port can be specified only for a multi port device and the VPI default is 0 and the VCI The allowable range of port VPI VCI depends on the ATM Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 47 driver Normal limits are 0 only for port O only for VPI 1 1023 for VCI If a single argument noneis supplied any current connection is torn down This is equivalent to svc none on the channel In the PPP state machine providing alink of this form causes the link to be up N ote that enable must also be used to allow the link to become operational The ip or mac indicates which form of data is transported over the connection one of IP data controlled by the PCP protocol or MAC data for BCP If neither is provided ip is assumed If the channel is not linked to an interface and the channd is for IP data the channel is linked to interface 1 If the channel is not linked to an interface and the channel is for MAC data the channel is l
7. Syntax rip boot Description Broadcasts a request for RIP information from other machines TCP IP does this automatically when it first starts up and the routing information should be kept up to date by regular broadcasts from the other machines so this command is normally of little use Example DSL gt ip rip boot 21 rip hostroutes Syntax rip hostroutes off Description Sets or clears the host routes flag TCP IP will accept RIP routes to individual hosts only if this flag is on If the flag is off then RIP version 1 routes that appear to beto individual hosts will be treated as if they were to the network containing the host RIP version 2 routes to individual hosts will be ignored The reason for this difference is that RIP version 1 does not allow specification of subnet masks a RIP version 1 route that appears to be to an individual host might in fact be to a subnet and treating it as a route to the whole network may be the best way to make use of the information To see the state of the flag without changing it the config command must be used Configuration saving saves this information By default the hostroutes flag is off Example DSL gt ip rip hostroutes off Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 33 22 rip killrelay Syntax rip killrelay lt relay gt Description Deletes a RIP relay See rip relay for information on RIP relays 23 rip poison Sy
8. Transparent Bridging Bridging technique used in Ethernet networks which allows transfer of frames across intermediate nodes using tables associating end nodes with bridging addresses Bridges are unknown to the end nodes vCI Virtual Channel Identifier Number that identifies a channel within a virtual path in a xDSL ATM environment Virtual Channel Refers to a logical connection between end stations in a xDSL ATM environment Virtual Path Refers to a bundle of virtual channels in a xDSL ATM environment VPI Virtual Path Identifier Number that identifies the link formed by the virtual path in a xDSL ATM environment UDP User Datagram Protocol A TCP IP protocol describing how packets reach applications in destination nodes Wall jack A small hardware component used to tap into telephone wall cable Appendix A 15 An RJ 11 wall jack usually has four pins an RJ 45 wall jack usually has eight pins WAN Wide Area Network A network that consists of nodes connected by long distance transmission media such as telephone lines WANs can span a state a country or even the world A 16 Appendix AppendixD Government compliance notices D 1 FCC compliance This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC Rules On this equipment is a label that contains among other information the FCC registration number and Ringer Equivalence N umber REN for this equipment You must upon request provide this info
9. lane flane lecl bridge oridge IP over ATM atm q93b atmpvc atm Loopback loop lt mtu gt specifies the MTU maximum transmission unit that is the size of the largest datagram excluding media specific headers that IP will attempt to send through the interface The value specified will be ignored if it is larger than the maximum supported by the interface class which is currently 1500 except for the loopback interface unless the IP over ATM MTU has been changed normally there is no point in setting the MTU less than this so the lt mt u gt option is of little use lt IP address gt is thelP address that this system uses on the interface if it is not specified the interface will be disabled until an IP address is supplied with the ip enable command For a loopback interface the address should be set to 127 0 0 1 All addresses of the form 127 will then be recognized as loopback addresses as is normal practice For non loopback interfaces the subnet mask for the local network will be assumed to be ff ff ff 00 e g a class C network if the correct subnet mask is other than this then it will need to be set with the subnet command If thereis no initialisation file isfs resolve or isfs arptable atall then default interfaces are configured as if by the device commands device add ether ether edd device add ether ether nice otherwise device add atm atm q93b but
10. norelay command Configuration saving saves this information By default all Command Sets for Command Line Interface forwarding is disabled Example DSL gt ip relay No relaying is being performed DSL gt ip relay ether viane forward relay ether vlane forward DSL gt ip relay ether forward relay ether ether relay ether vlane forward DSL gt ip relay ether viane relay ether ether relay ether vlan DSL gt ip relay all relay ether ether relay ether vlan relay vlane vlane 18 rip accept Syntax rip accept all lt i f gt none lt version gt Description 7 31 Controls for which version or versions of RIP RIP version 1 RFC 1058 or RIP version 2 RFC 1723 TCP IP will accept incoming information on each interface Configuration saving saves this information By default both RIP versions are accepted on all interfaces rip accept all 1 2 Example DSL gt ip rip accept all 1 2 DSL gt ip rip accept ether 2 DSL gt ip rip allowed rip send ther non rip send vlane none rip accept ether 2 rip accept vlane 1 2 19 rip allowed Syntax rip allowed 7 32 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Description Displays the RIP versions that will be accepted and sent on each interface Example DSL gt ip rip allowed rip send ether 2 rip send vlane 2 rip accept ether 1 2 rip accept vlane 1 2 20 rip boot
11. on each interface in turn It also shows remaining available IP addresses i e those with no specified lease time or client identifier Example DSL gt dhepserver status DHCP Server Lease Status Interface ethernet IP address Client UID Expiry 192 168 219 1 01 00 20 af 20 6 59 11 hours 192 168 219 2 01 00 20 af 1ll 2a ac 8 hours 192 168 219 3 Myclient 140 seconds 192 168 219 4 00 20 af 20 00 2b 43 2 days 192 168 219 5 lt unknown gt ever 192 168 219 6 lt unknown gt ever 192 168 219 7 lt unknown gt ever 192 168 219 8 lt unknown gt Expired 192 168 219 9 lt unknown gt Expired 192 168 219 10 Foobarbozzle Expired 7 18 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Commands for DHCP Client process 1 dhcpclient config Syntax dhepclient config Description This command displays the current configuration of the DHCP client including selected DHCP options Example DSL gt dhcpclient config DHCP client configuration file isfs dhclient conf timeout 60 retry 60 reboot 10 backoff cutoff 40 interface ethernet send dhcp lease time 5000 send dhcp client identifier Galapagos 2 dhcpclient status Syntax dhcpclient status all Description This command provides DHCP status information for the active bound lease associated with each valid interfacein turn including IP address time until l
12. Description Reads or sets the cost of using this port The cost may be any number between 1 and 65535 The cost of the port is used when deciding which is the best path to the root bridge The cost of a port may also be changed by SNMP command Configuration saving saves this information By default a cost of 10 is assigned to a port Example DSL bridge gt spanning port 2 pathcost Displays the path cost for port 2 on the bridge 7 14 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 16 spanning port lt numbers gt priority Syntax spanning port lt number gt priority lt portpriority gt Description Reads or sets the priority of the port The priority may be any value between 0 and 255 The priority is used in conjunction with the pathcost to determine the best root to the root bridge The higher the priority number the less significant in protocol terms the port The port priority may also be changed by SNMP command Configuration saving saves this information By default a port has a priority of 128 Example DSL bridge gt spanning port 1 priority Displays the priority for port 1 on the bridge 17 spanning priority Syntax spanning priority lt bridgepriority gt Description Reads or sets the priority of the bridge The priority may be any value in the range 0 to 65535 The higher the priority number the less significant in protocol terms the bridge Where two bridges have the same priority their MAC ad
13. Stopbit fi H Flow contra Advanced Restore Defaults __ Cancel Aap 6 When the HyperTerminal window appears you must press the enter key several time to get the command prompt for the Router s command line interface i EA 700 Console Port HyperTerminal q File Edit View Call Transfer Help Dis als cls SCROLL CAPS NUM Capture Auto detect 9600 8 N 1 Print echo Connected 0 01 49 7 Now you are ready to configure the Router by using command Please contact your ISP NSP to obtain the detail command sets of your Router If the Router does not return any message refer to Appendix B for troubleshooting information 2 16 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router Basic Configurations 31 Chapter3 Basic Configurations This chapter contains configuration information instructions and examples for the basic link protocols that supported by the xDSL Router The information needed to configure the Router is depending on the chosen link protocol The link protocol is determined by your N SP N etwork Service Provider Therefore It is necessary to know the link protocol which your NSP support before you refer to the configuration information that will apply to your setup 32 Basic Configurations 3 1 Factory default configuration The Router is shipped with factory default settings You may or may not need to change them
14. The xDSL Router can be configured to supports PPTP as following procedure But the xDSL Router currently provides the PPTP Access Concentrator PAC end of a PPTP tunnel And the PC must run an OS which supports PPTP providing a PPTP Network Server PNS Windows 98 Me 2000 or Windows XP provide e PPTP dial out In the following example the PC connects to the xDSL Router firstly must be configured as IP address of PNS 192 168 10 1 Subnet mask of PNS 255 255 255 0 Gateway of PNS 192 168 10 2 IP address of PAC 192 168 10 2 gt ip device add Ethernet ether edd 192 168 10 2 J gt config save J gt restart J ppp 2 pvc 0 32 J Se channe 2 to VPI 0 V CI 32 gt ppp 2 interface 0 J gt ppp 2 tunnel 1 pptp out J gt ppp 2 enable J gt pptp bind 192 168 10 2 J gt pptp 1 create listen J gt config save J gt restart J 4 12 Advanced Configurations e PPTP dial in In the following example the PC connects to the xDSL Router firstly must be configured as IP address of PNS 192 168 10 1 Subnet mask of PNS 255 255 255 0 Gateway of PNS 192 168 10 2 IP address of PAC 192 168 10 2 v vvyv gt gt gt gt ip device add Ethernet ether edd 192 168 10 2 J config save restart ppp 2 pvc 0 32 listen J Set channel 2 to VP1 0 V Cl 32 ppp 2 interface 0 J ppp 2 tunnel 1 pptp in J ppp 2 enable J pptp bind 192 168 10 2 J pptp 1 create 192 168 10 1 J config save
15. high speed communications channel s to connect information processing equipment in a limited geographic area usually within a single campus or building LED Light Emitting Diodes Type of indicator lights on the panel of the router MAC layer address M edia Access Control layer address defined by the IEEE 802 3 specification which defines media access including framing and error detection Part of the OSI reference mode data link layer MIB Management information base A standardized structure for SNMP management information NAT Network Address Translation A feature that allows communication between the LAN connected to the Modem and the Internet using a single IP address instead of having a separate IP address for each computer on the network NSP Network Service Provider Company from which you buy your network services PAP PPP Authentication Protocol A method for ensuring secure network access Ping An echo message available within the TCP IP protocol suite sent to a remote node and returned used to test the accessibility of the remote node Port number A number that identifies a TCP IP based service Telnet for example is identified with TCP port 23 Protocol A set of rules for communication sometimes made up of several smaller sets of rules also called protocols A 12 Appendix Point to Point Protocol A Data Link layer protocol that provides asynchronous and synchronous connectivity bet
16. Command Line Interface 7 portfilter Syntax portfilter lt source port gt all lt destination ports gt Description The port filter command allows control over the bridge s forwarding and broadcasting behavior By default when a multicast or an unknown packet is received on a port referred to above as the source port it will be forwarded to all other bridge ports referred to above as the destination ports Each bridge port may have its behavior modified separately The first example below configures the bridge so that packets arriving on port 2 will only be forwarded to ports 3 4 and 5 and packets arriving on port 3 will only be forwarded to port 1 All other ports retain their default behavior Note that this command does not force packets arriving on the source port to be sent to all specified destination ports The bridge retains its learning behavior so unicast packets once their destination is known to the bridge will still only be sent to one port N ote also that the bridge itself for example when attached to the IP router will always forward to all ports and will always be forwarded to by all ports The default behavior can be restored by calling this command with the argument a11 as shown in the second example The ports are specified as integers as displayed by thedevice list command When using this command in the initbridge configuration file ports are numbered in the order in which the device add commands a
17. Company The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions might not prevent degradation of service in some situations Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment or equipment malfunctions may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system if present are connected together This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas CAUTION Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority or electrician as appropriate NOTICE TheLoad Number LN assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the total load to be connected to a telephone loop which is used by the device to prevent overloading The termination on a loop may consist of any combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the sum of the Load Numbers of all the devices does not exceed 100 A 18 Appendix D 3 European CTR 21 compliance The equipment has been approved in accordance with Council Decision 98 482 EC for p
18. ISP dynamically issue an address upon initial connection DHCP server automatically assigns IP addresses to all computer ontheLAN DNS relay allows for automatic name resolution when no DNS information is configured by the user PPTP tunneling enable VPN configuration Point to Point Protocol PPP RFC 1483 Link Protocol Password Authentication Protocol PAP and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP security under PPP protocol IP routing support includes the RIP Routing Information Protocol which allows the exchange of routing information on a TCP IP Introduction 1 3 network Flash memory for Software upgrade Status LEDs for easy monitoring and troubleshooting Some models of xDSL Router provides more features Including 4 port 10 100 Base T Ethernet Stackable Switch Hub 1 4 Introduction 1 3 What s in the package One xDSL Router One 9VDC or 12VDC Adaptor depend on different model One RJ 11 Telephone Cable One 10Base T Ethernet straight through Cable One amp pin to 9 pin RS 232 Cable option One User s Guide All packages have been checked carefully for their completeness and functionality before shipped Please contact the place of purchase if any of the above listed items are missing or damaged If you encountered any difficulty in using this product while all the above items are complete please refer to Appendix C for Troubleshooting information before making the
19. Interface are used on the console port DHCP Dynamic H ost Configuration Protocol Service that provides network information such as IP addresses masks domain names to PCs and other clients automatically DNS Domain Name Service Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP service which translates a name that a person can remember into an IP address that a computer can use DTE Data Terminal Equipment Term defined by standards committees that applies to communications equipment typically personal computers or data terminals as distinct from other devices that attach to the network typically modems A 10 Appendix Ethernet address Sometimes referred to as ahardware address A 48 bits long number assigned to every Ethernet hardware device Ethernet addresses are usually expressed as 12 character hexadecimal numbers where each hexadecimal character 0 through F represents four binary bits Do not confuse the Ethernet address of a device with its network address Firmware System software stored in a device s memory that controls the device HDLC High Level Data Link Control A generic link level communications protocol developed by the International Organization for Standardization ISO HDLC manages synchronous code transparent serial information transfer over a link connection Internet A set of networks connected together by routers This is a general term not to be confused with the large mult
20. NBNS name servers listed in order of preference option netbios dd server ip address ip address The NetBIOS datagram distribution server N BDD option specifies a list of RFC 1001 1002 N BDD servers listed in order of preference option netbios nodetype uint8 The N amp BIOS node type option allows NetBIOS over TCP IP clients which are configurable to be configured as described in RFC 1001 1002 The value is specified as a single octet which identifies the client type A value of 1 corresponds to a NetBIOS B node a value of 2 corresponds to a P node a value of 4 corresponds to an M node a value of 8 corresponds to an H node option netbios scope string The NetBIOS scope option specifies the NetBIOS over TCP IP scope parameter for the client as specified in RFC 1001 1002 See RFC 1001 RFC1002 and RFC1035 for character set restrictions option font servers ip address ip address This option specifies alist of X Window System Font servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option x display manager ip address ip address This option specifies a list of systems that are running the X Window System Display M anager and are available to the client Addresses should be listed in order of preference option dhcp client identifier data string This option can be used to specify aDHCP client identifier in a host declaration so that DHCP can find the host record by matchin
21. TCP IP will use to broadcast routing information on each interface If both versions are specified routing information is broadcast in duplicate once using each version Specifying a11 affects all interfaces except the loopback interface if any Configuration saving saves this information By default RIP version 2 only is used on all non loopback interfaces rip send all 2 Example DSL gt ip rip send all 2 DSL gt ip rip send ether 1 DSL gt ip rip allowed rip send ether 1 rip send vlane 2 rip accept ether 1 2 rip accept vlane 1 2 27 route Syntax route route add lt name gt lt dest gt lt relay gt lt mask gt lt cost gt lt timeout gt route delete lt name gt route flush Description Lists routes adds or deletes a static route or deletes all routes lt name gt isan arbitrary name specified to route add that can be used to delete the route using route delete lt dest gt is the IP address of the network being routed to only those bits of lt dest gt corresponding to bits set in lt mask gt are relevant lt relay gt istheIP address of the next hop gateway for the route lt mask gt default ff ff ff 00 is the subnet mask of the network being routed to specified as four hexadecimal numbers separated by colons For example 0 0 0 0 is a default route matches everything without a Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 35 mor
22. address of the server from which the initial boot file Specified in the filename statement is to be loaded Server name should be a numeric IP address or a domain name If no next server parameter applies to a given client the DHCP server s IP address is used fixed address fixed address IP address IP address The fixed address statement is used to assign one or more fixed IP addresses to a client It should only appear in a host declaration If more than one address is supplied then when the client boots it will be assigned the address which corresponds to the network on which it is booting If none of the addresses in the fixed address statement are on the network on which the client is booting that client will not match the host declaration containing that fixed address statement dynamic bootp lease cutoff dynamic bootp lease cutoff date The dynamic bootp lease cutoff statement sets the ending time for all leases assigned dynamically to BOOTP clients Since BOOTP clients have no way of renewing leases and do not know that their leases could expire the DHCP server assigns infinite leases to BOOTP clients However it may make sense in some situations to set a cut off date for all BOOTP leases 8 10 DHCP Server Operation Date should be the date on which all assigned BOOTP leases will end The date is specified in the form W YYYY MM DD HH MM SS W is the day of the week expressed as anumber from zero Sunda
23. as well as a variety of configuration capabilities Routing table Appendix A 13 A list of networks maintained by each router on an internet Information in the routing table helps the router determine the next router to forward packets to Serial port A connector on the back of the workstation through which data flows to and from a serial device Server A device or system that has been specifically configured to providea service usually to a group of clients SHDSL G SHDSL stands for Symmetric High Bit Rate Digital Subscriber Loop and is defined by the new ITU Global Standard G991 2 from February 2001 It delivers voice and data services based on highly innovative communication technologies and will thus be able to replace older communication technologies such as T1 E1 H DSL HDSL2 SDSL ISDN and IDSL in the future Subnet A network address created by using a subnet mask to specify that a number of bits in an internet address will be used as a subnet number rather than a host address Subnet Address An extension of the Internet 32 bit addressing scheme which allows the separation of physical or logical networks within the single network number assigned to an organization TCP IP entities outside this organization have no knowledge of the internal subnetting Subnet mask A 32 bit number to specify which part of an internet address is the network number and which part is the host address When written in bina
24. available sessions Example gt nat sessions ppp Proto Age NAT port Private address port Public address port TCP 34 1024 192 168 219 38 3562 194 129 50 6 21 TCP 10 1025 192 168 219 64 2135 185 45 30 30 80 Total 2 sessions active 101 sessions timed out 126 sessions available 7 nat stats Syntax nat stats lt i f gt reset Description This command displays various statistics gathered by NAT on the interface lt i gt These are cumulative totals since power on or since the reset keyword was given Thenat stats command does not provide the total number of packets or bytes transferred as this information is normally available from the device driver on the interface which NAT is filtering Example gt nat stats ppp_device Outgoing TCP sessions created 456 Outgoing UDP sessions created 123 Outgoing ICMP query sessions 12 Outgoing ICMP errors 0 Incoming ICMP errors 6 Incoming connections refused 2 Sessions deleted early 0 Fragments currently queued 0 7 42 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Commands for PPP process 1 Console object types The ppp process presents its setup in terms of anumber of distinct object types The upper limit on the number of each of these objects permitted in a system is configured using the config resource console command The current state of each object is saved by config save 1 1 Channels The ppp process provides a number of PPP connection channels
25. config displays the current DHCP server configuration gt dhcpserver config flush deletes current DHCP server settings gt dhcpserver config confirm confirm the previous action gt config save save the new configuration gt dhcpserver config displays the current DH CP server configuration Should be empty Now add thenew settings for DHCP server 48 Advanced Configurations gt dhcpserver config add subnet 10 0 0 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 range 10 0 0 A 10 0 0 B default lease time C max lease time D option routers 10 0 0 1 option domain name servers DNS mmmm is domain name All these values are assigned by your service provider gt dhcpserver config add subnet aaa bbb ccc ddd netmask eee fff ggg hhh aaa bbb ccc ddd is the static IP address assigned by your service provider for thePC eee fff ggg hhh is the subnet mask assigned by your service provider to PC gt dhcpserver config confirm confirm the new configuration gt config save save the new configuration gt restart after restart new configuration will take effect Advanced Configurations 4 9 4 4 Changing DHCP client configuration System configuration w Tonsoie ADSL Ethernet Port 192 168 Ethernet Port 202 1 136 xxx Sey Sl 102 2 PC 1 202 1 136 1 a J PCN 192 168 102 3 202 1 136 100 DSLAM NSP ISP DSLAM c
26. depend on what kind of network that your Router is going to be installed Configuration item Default settings of xDSL Router Ethernet Interface IP address Network Mask XDSL interface IP address Network Mask ATM VPI VCI number Data Encapsulation Protocol Machine Name Domain name DHCP Server DHCP Client DNS Relay NAT RIP IP filtering Bridge filtering Spanning Tree Telnet login password SNMP access password 192 168 7 1 255 255 255 0 None None O 32 RFC1483 DSL Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled Disabled admin admin Basic Configurations 3 3 3 2 Bridged RFC 1483 D efault configuration for Router System configuration pe eee 1000Base T 7 _SF E Ethernet Port Le 192 168 7 2 Ethernet Port 192 168 7 1 ISP DSLAM configuration IP address 192 168 7 3 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 De Gateway None Pes Local PC configuration IP address 192 168 7 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway None The Router already default to support the RFC 1483 However you can use following procedure to reconfigure the Router to support the RFC 1483 again gt ip device flush gt bridge device add edd gt bridge device add bun port r1483 rfc1483 true mode lt x gt txvpi lt y gt txvci lt z gt rxvpi lt y gt rxvci lt z gt lt x gt is the encapsulation mode of RF C1483 it can be
27. from the files contained in the ISFS file system Example gt flashfs update Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 7 Commands for Bridge process 1 device add Syntax device add lt device gt Description This command adds a device to the bridge configuration Attempts to add the bridge itself or an existing device to the bridge are rejected Attempts to add unsupported devices are rejected There is a limit on the number of devices that can be attached to the bridge If a device is successfully added to the bridge it will only become active after the configuration is saved and the system is rebooted If the device being added is from a process which supports multiple devices the DEVICE attribute must be specified as part of the device name The table below shows devices which may be attached to the bridge although not all systems may support all devices lec1 Forum LAN emulation alecjade edd Ethernet driver bun_ethernet PPP Point to Point protocol pp Configuration saving saves this information Example DSL bridge gt device add edd DSL bridge gt device add ppp DEVICE 2 2 device delete Syntax device delete lt device gt Description This command deletes a device from the bridge configuration The changes will only take place after the configuration is saved and the system is rebooted The syntax of the device name is the same as that for the device add command Configuration saving sav
28. gt command For example ping 192 168 254 254 1 Ping the IP address of your PC If you get a response back proceed to next step directly If you don t geta response back check that The network adapter card is installed The TCP IP protocol is installed The TCP IP protocol is bound to the network adapter 2 Ping the IP address of your Modem If you get a response back proceed to next step directly If you don t get a response back the problem lies between your PC and your Modem Check the cables Check the hub Make sure that your PC and your Modem belong to the same IP sub network Observe the TX and RX LEDs to see if data traffic flow appears to be normal 3 Ping the DNS server If the Modem is configured to bridging mode Be sure to reboot the M odem if you have made any changes with configuration All IP addresses must bein the same IP sub network If the Modem is configured to routing mode Appendix A 7 Check that IP Routing is enabled at the local and the remote end Make sure he IP addresses of the local and remote networks belong to different IP sub networks Make sure that there is an existing route to the remote network Make sure that there is a route back from the remote network Besureto reboot the Modem if you have made any changes with configuration B 5 Contact us for Technical support Weare committed to providing our customers with reliable pr
29. has not yet processed the change the asterisk should disappear within 30 seconds when RIP next considers broadcasting routing information Configuration saving saves this information Only the routes configured by the route command are saved or displayed by config Example DSI DSI DSI L gt ip route add default 0 0 0 0 192 168 2 3 0 0 0 0 L gt ip route add testnet1 192 168 101 0 192 168 2 34 L gt ip route add testnet2 192 168 102 0 192 168 2 34 ff ff ff 0 1 60 DSI L gt ip route route add testnet2 192 168 102 0 192 168 2 34 ff ff ff 00 1 MAN 58s 1m via ether route add testnetl 192 168 101 0 192 168 2 34 ff ff ff 00 1 MAN via ether route add default 0 0 0 0 192 168 2 3 00 00 00 00 1 MAN via ether 7 36 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 28 routeflush Syntax routeflush lt i f gt all Description Removes routes from the route table If lt i gt is specified only routes through the named interface are removed If a11 is not specified only host routes those with a mask of ff ff ff ff are removed The routeflush command is hidden not shown by ip help Configuration saving saves this information Example DSL gt ip routeflush ether all DSL gt ip routeflush 29 routes Syntax routes Description Lists routes The same as route with no parameters 30 stats Syntax stats arp licmp ip tcpludp reset stats help
30. is included Example DSL gt ip config device add ether ether nice mtu 1500 192 168 2 1 device add vlane ether lane mtu 1500 192 168 55 1 subnet add vlane home 192 168 55 0 ff ff ff 00 subnet add ether home 192 168 2 0 ff ff ff 00 rip send ether 2 rip send vlane 2 rip accept ether rip accept vlane autoloop on route add default 0 0 0 0 192 168 2 7 00 00 00 00 2 MAN relay ether ether relay ether vlan relay vlane vlane ipatm lifetime 60 IP host table Port table router 520 UDP snmp 161 UDP tftp 69 UDP telnet 23 TCP DSL gt ip config save Updating flash filing system done ip configuration saved RR Ny N 3 device Syntax device 7 22 Command Sets for Command Line Interface device add lt i f gt lt type gt lt file gt mtu lt size gt lt IP address gt device delete lt i f gt device flush Description Displays the interfaces that IP is configured to use or adds an interface to the configuration or deletes an interface or all interfaces from the configuration However the commands to change the configuration do not take effect immediately except when the device add command is run at start up from the initialisation file It is necessary to save the configuration eg with ip config save and restart the system e g with ip restart before they take effect device will display both the current interfaces and those that have been configu
31. lt cmd gt all Description Displays or clears a subset of IP statistics Example DSL gt ip stats udp ip UDP receptions delivered to users 0 ip UDP receptions with no users 170 ip Otherwise discarded UDP receptions 0 ip Transmitted UDP packets 35 DSL gt ip stats udp reset DSL gt ip stats udp ip UDP receptions delivered to users 0 ip UDP receptions with no users 0 ip Otherwise discarded UDP receptions 0 ip Transmitted UDP packets 0 31 subnet Syntax subnet Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 37 subnet add lt name gt lt i f gt lt IP address gt lt mask gt subnet delete lt name gt subnet flush Description Lists defined subnets defines a subnet deletes a subnet definition or deletes all subnet definitions lt name gt isa label that can be specified by subnet add and later used by subnet delete to delete the subnet lt i gt is not used but is present for historical reasons and must be specified as either or a valid interface name lt IP address gt isthelP address of the subnet being defined only those bits of lt dest gt corresponding to bits set in lt mask gt are relevant lt mask gt is the subnet mask of the subnet being defined specified as four hexadecimal numbers separated by colons A subnet is defined automatically for each interface with a name formed by appending home to the device name Th
32. one of LIcBridged and V cM uxBridged and the setting of encapsulation mode is case sensitivity lt y gt is the VPI value and lt z gt is the VCI value gt config save gt restart 34 Basic Configurations The following describes how to remove all configurations properly so that we start from a fresh configuration isfs rm resolve isfs rm initbridget isfs rm initppp restart Basic Configurations 35 3 3 Routed RFC 1483 System configuration d 4 Ethernet Port w m oeo Console sonog o Ethernet Port 10 99 10 107 1 130 Sai gt 10 107 1 129 PCA 48 50 z z PCB 10 99 48 1 DSLAM ISP s 10 107 1 132 PCC 555i PCN ISP DSLAM configuration IP address 10 99 48 1 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 10 99 48 50 Local PC A configuration IP address 10 107 1 130 Subnet mask 255 255 255 248 Gateway 10 107 1 129 Local PC B configuration IP address 10 107 1 131 Subnet mask 255 255 255 248 Gateway 10 107 1 129 gt home J ignores any error message just ensures back to root prompt gt ip device add ethernet ether edd 10 107 1 129 J set 10 107 1 129 as the IP address for your xD SL Router 3 6 Basic Configurations gt ip device add mpoa ptp bun port r1483 rfcil483 true mode lt x gt txvpi lt y gt txvci lt z gt rxvpi lt y gt rxvci lt z gt 10 99 48 50 1 assume 1
33. restart The PPTP configuration can be removed by following procedure Please ensure to remove the PPTP configuration before set the xDSL Router to other configuration e RemovePPTP either dial out or dial in ip device flush 4 config save restart ppp 2 pvc none J ppp 2 interface 0 J ppp 2 tunnel 0 J ppp 2 disable pptp 1 delete Advanced Configurations gt pptp bind none J gt config save gt restart 4 13 414 Advanced Configurations Managing the xDSL Router 5 1 Chapter5 Managing the xD SL Router 5 1 Booting the xD SL Router from Ethernet N etwork By default the Router is configured to boot from the on board flash memory But it is possible boot via Etherne network as well The executable image is stored in the local PC and is downloaded to the Router via Ethernet network upon every reset For this the Router needs to be configured and also a TFTP BOOTP utility needs to be installed on the local PC Router Configuration m Turn off the Router and turn it on again m Keep the key be pressed E Atthe Boot from Ethernet USB or Flash E U F prompt type E J Local PC Configuration To download the software you need a TFTP BOOTP server You can use any Be aware that every time the board is restarted the image will be transferred from the local PC to the Router 5 2 M anaging the xDSL Router 5 2 U pgrading on board flash memory from Ethernet netwo
34. settings which are not controllable If stp is specified the Spanning Tree Protocol is in use by the Bridges to control bridge loops In this case STP frames should be carried over any links using BCP If nostp is specified STP frames should not be carried Configuration saving saves this information By default STP is not supported 22 interface lt n gt localip Syntax interface lt n gt localip lt address gt Description This command describes parameters for IPCP the IP Control Protocol when providing the server end of an IPCP connection The server knows its own IP address and may allocate an IP address to the remote end This command tells the PPP process for a particular interface the local IP address to be associated with the local end For interface 1 this should be the same IP address as possessed by the device ppp_device in the IP stack See the IP dial in server console example at the start of this section If PPP channels are now associated with this interface remote users can dial in to those channels and will be connected to the IP stack They can be allocated IP addresses see the command lt channel gt remoteip Call with 0 0 0 0 to remove any IP address setting This is the default state Configuration saving saves this information Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 51 23 interface lt n gt stats Syntax interface lt n gt stats Description The interface is regarded by the opera
35. the client is connected use the same MTU as the subnet of that network to which the client is directly connected A value of 1 indicates that all subnets share the same MTU A value of 0 means that the client should assume that some subnets of the directly connected network may have smaller MTUs option broadcast address ip address This option specifies the broadcast address in use on the client s DHCP Server Operation 8 15 subnet option perform mask discovery flag This option specifies whether or not the dient should perform subnet mask discovery using ICMP A value of 0 indicates that the client should not perform mask discovery A value of 1 means that the dient should perform mask discovery option mask supplier flag This option specifies whether or not the dient should respond to subnet mask requests using ICMP A value of 0 indicates that the dient should not respond A value of 1 means that the client should respond option router discovery flag This option specifies whether or not the dient should solicit routers using the Router Discovery mechanism defined in RFC 1256 A value of O indicates that the client should not perform router discovery A value of 1 means that the client should perform router discovery option router solicitation address ip address This option specifies the address to which the client should transmit router solicitation requests option static routes ip address ip address ip add
36. to live to use A crude traceroute functionality can be obtained by repeating the ping command with increasing TTL values starting with 1 lt size gt default 56 is the data size of the Echo message This does not include the IP header 20 bytes and the ICMP header 8 bytes TCP IP waits 10 seconds for a reply to the message if none arrives it reports the lack of a reply A reply isan ICMP Echo Reply message or an ICMP error message reporting destination unreachable time exceeded or as should never happen a parameter problem ICM P redirect and source quench messages are reported but TCP IP continues to wait for a final reply or time out Example DSL gt ip ping 192 168 4 13 1 ip ping 192 168 1 9 reports pkt 5834 to 192 168 4 13 time to live exceeded DSL gt ip ping 192 168 4 13 2 ip ping reply received from 192 168 4 13 DSL gt ip ping 192 168 77 77 ip ping no reply received 16 portname Syntax portname add lt name gt lt number gt lt protocol gt portname flush portname list portname read lt file gt portname help all lt cmd gt Description Sets up a mapping between a UDP or TCP port and a symbolic name deletes all such mappings lists the mappings reads the mappings from a file or displays help on the portname command The symbolic names can be used as values of the attributes LPORT and RPORT provided the protocol type UDP or TCP is appropriate They are also display
37. 0 99 48 50 is the static IP address assigned by your service provider for the PC lt x gt is the encapsulation mode of RFC1483 it can be one of LIcR outed and V cM uxRouted and thesetting of encapsulation modeis case sensitivity lt y gt is the VPI value and lt z gt istheV CI value gt ip route add default 0 0 0 0 10 99 48 1 0 0 0 0 J 10 99 48 1 is theIP address of your service provider gt ip relay alli enable routing between rfc1483 and ethernet ports config save restart You can use following procedure to remove existing RFC 1483 setting isfs rm resolve isfs rm initbridget isfs rm initppp vvvYv restart Basic Configurations 3 7 3 4 Classical IP RFC 1577 System configuration A Ethernet Port 192 168 Ethernet Port 202 1 136 254 12 202 1 136 100 ISP DSLAM Configuration IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 DSLAM NSP Default Gateway 192 168 1 2 ace cin Local PC Configuration IP Address 202 1 136 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 202 1 136 254 The following describes how to remove all configurations properly so that we start from a fresh configuration Remove all existing bridge module configuration gt home gt config reset bridge J gt config save gt restart Remove all existing router module configuration home ip device flush ip norelay 4 vvvYv ip ipatm pvc delete ipoa r14
38. 2516 configuration that mentioned above The following command must be added after the ip device add commands have been given and the Router restarted Enables NAT on a Classic IP RFC 1577 gt ip nat add ipoa Enables NAT on aPPP over ATM RFC2364 or PPP over Ethernet RFC2516 gt ip nat add ppp_device J 44 Advanced Configurations 4 2 Enables NAT to RFC 1483 Classic IP RFC 1577 PPP over ATM RFC 2364 PPP over Ethernet RFC 2516 in Routing mode The xDSL Router can be setup to adding NAT protocol to a Routing Mode configuration like RFC 1483 RFC 1577 RFC 2364 or RFC 2516 with following procedure The following procedure must be typed after ip device add command in RFC1483 RFC 1577 RFC 2364 or RFC2516 configure procedure have been given and the xDSL Router restarted System configuration E ee ee oT y Ethernet Port 192 168 Ethernet Port 202 1 136 254 1022 PC 1 202 1 136 1 J BC 192 168 1023 202 1 136 100 DSLAM NSP ISP DSLAM configuration IP address 192 168 102 3 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 192 168 102 2 Local PC 1 configuration IP address 202 1 136 1 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 202 1 136 254 Local PC 8 configuration IP address 202 1 136 100 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 202 1 136 254 Advanced Configurations 4 5 Add NAT to RFC 1483 to above RFC 1483 Routing Mode exam
39. 8 14 DHCP Server Operation option policy filter ip address ip address ip address ip address This option specifies policy filters for non local source routing The filters consist of a list of IP addresses and masks which specify destination mask pairs with which to filter incoming source routes Any source routed datagram whose next hop address does not match one of the filters should be discarded by the client option max dgram reassembly uint16 This option specifies the maximum size datagram that the client should be prepared to reassemble The minimum value legal value is 576 option default ip tt uints This option specifies the default time to live that the client should use on outgoing datagrams option path mtu aging timeout uint32 This option specifies the timeout in seconds to use when ageing Path MTU values discovered by the mechanism defined in RFC 1191 option path mtu plateau table uint16 uint16 J This option specifies a table of MTU sizes to use when performing Path MTU Discovery as defined in RFC 1191 The table is formatted as alist of 16 bit unsigned integers ordered from smallest to largest The minimum MTU value cannot be smaller than 68 option interface mtu uint16 This option specifies the MTU to use on this interface The minimum legal value for the MTU is 68 option all subnets local flag This option specifies whether or not the client may assume that all subnets of the IP network to which
40. 83 0 32 38 Basic Configurations use thesame V PI V Cl of RFC 1577 setting gt config save gt restart J Remove all existing IP module configuration device home J ip device flush config save d vvvYv restart Weareready for RFC1577 setup Specify the gateway RFC1577 on ISP DSLAM site and Ethernet on local PC site gt home gt ip device add ethernet ether edd 202 1 136 254 gt ip device add ipoa atm atm 192 168 1 2 J gt config save gt restart Enable forwarding between router interface gt home gt ip relay all J gt ip ipatm pvc add ipoa r1483 x y remoteip 192 168 1 1 J x istheVPI y is theV CI Check with your service provider gt config save gt restart Basic Configurations 3 9 3 5 PPP Over ATM RFC 2364 System configuration mp jomod S4 Ethernet Port 192 168 z Ethene 202 1 136 254 2 202 1 136 100 ISP DSLAM Configuration IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 DSLAM NSP Default Gateway 192 168 1 2 Pe Local PC Configuration IP Address 202 1 136 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 202 1 136 254 The xDSL Router also can be setup to support RFC 2364 PPP over ATM with following procedure Before setup RFC 2364 you have to ensure remove existing RFC 1483 or RFC 1577 configuration with the procedure mentioned above e IP dial out over PPPoA gt ip de
41. A channel is a single PPP connection Channels are numbered from 1 Many ppp console commands affect only a single channel The command is prefixed with the channel number 1 2 Users A user is a user name and password All users must have distinct names The user console command controls these 1 3 Interfaces An interface is an internal MAC Ethernet device PPP channels must be associated with an interface to be involved with bridging or routing 1 4 Interface 1 and Channel 1 Interface 1 has some special functions associated with it allowing dynamic IP address assignment to be performed Channel 1is by default associated with Interface 1 These two should be used only for IP dial out functions and for this function should be attached to the router interface named ppp_device 2 lt channel gt clear Syntax lt channel gt clear Description Clear all aspects of this channel back to their default settings If there is an active connection it is torn down Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 43 3 lt channel gt disable Syntax lt channel gt disable Description Clear the enable flag for a PPP channel This is the default setting Disabling does not remove other configured information about this channel In the PPP state machine this sets the PPP link to closed If itis already closed there is no effect Configuration saving saves this information By default all channels are disabled 4
42. CP protocol the server allocates an address for it Each client is assigned a lease which expires after an amount of time chosen by the administrator by default 12 hours Some time before leases expire the clients to which leases are assigned are expected to renew them in order to continue to use the addresses Once a lease has expired the client to which that lease was assigned is no longer permitted to use the leased IP address and must resort back to the DHCPDISCOVER mechanism In order to keep track of leases across system reboots and server restarts the server keeps a list of leases it has assigned in the dhcpd leases file This lease file is stored using ISFS which is in turn committed to flash memory if available according to user requirement via issuing of the flashfs update command Before a lease is granted to a host it records the lease in this file Upon startup after reading the dhcpd conf file the DHCP server reads the 8 2 DHCP Server Operation dhcpd leases file to gain information about which leases have been assigned New leases are appended to the end of the lease file In order to prevent the file from becoming arbitrarily large the server periodically creates a new dhcp leases file from its in memory lease database controlled by the values of DHCP_LEASE UPDATE_THRESHOLD and DHCP_LEASE UPDATE PERIOD If the system crashes in the middle of this process only the lease file present in flash memory c
43. DSLAM ISP Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 3 2 Connect to more than one computer Excepts the items listed on step 1 above you still need following items m Additional PC with OS that support Ethernet interface m Additional Ethernet card for each PC you want to connect m Additional Ethernet Straight through cable for each PC you want to connect m One Ethernet Hub is required for more than one computer connection m If your up link hub without cascade switch please prepare an Ethernet crossover cable instead of the straight through cable that listed on step 1 above SS Serial Port Console Port 10NOOBas E Ethernet Port Up Link PC B DSLAM ISP 2 4 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 2 Hardware Installation Before start to configure your Router you have to complete all the hardware installation The following steps provide instructions for installing your Router 1 2 Be sure the power switch on the right side of the Router is at the OFF status Connect the power adaptor to the power jack that marked Power at the rear pane of the Router then plug in the DC power adaptor to the wall electrical outlet Connect the Ethernet cable A If connect to computer directly Connect one end of Ethernet straight through cable to the Ethernet port on your computer then connect the other end of Ethernet straight though
44. HCP client supports only a subset of configuration options specified in 3 However this mechanism is extensible allowing vendor specific customization and possible support of more options in future A DHCP client accepts the following information and uses it to configure the IP stack IP address Subnet mask The following would be useful but are not supported in current software Default routers one only Static routes These are less useful but it is possible they will be supported in future IP forwarding enable disable Default IP time to live TTL Interface Maximum Transmission Unit MTU Host name The following are not configurable in the current IP core and are unlikely to be supported Non local source routing enable disable Policy filters for non local source routing Maximum re assembly size Path MTU ageing timeout MTU plateau table All subnets MTU Broadcast address flavour Perform mask discovery Be a mask supplier Perform router discovery Router solicitation address Trailer encapsulation ARP cache timeout 9 6 DHCP Client Configuration Ethernet encapsulation Default TCP TTL TCP keep alive interval TCP keep alive data size The following documentation adapted from manual pages provided by the Internet Software Consortium gives the format of allowed DH CP options which may be specified in the configuration file 9 4 1 O ption statements DHCP option statements always start with the o
45. N 116 name servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option domain name servers ip address ip address The domain name servers option specifies a list of Domain Name System STD 13 RFC 1035 name servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option log servers ip address ip address The log server option specifies a list of MIT LCS UDP log servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option cookie servers ip address ip address The cookie server option specifies a list of RFC 865 cookie servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option Ipr servers ip address ip address The LPR server option specifies a list of RFC 1179 line printer servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option impress servers ip address ip address The impress server option specifies a list of Imagen Impress servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option resource location servers ip address ip address This option specifies a list of RFC 887 Resource Location servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference DHCP Server Operation 8 13 option host name string This option specifies the name of the client The name may or may not be qualifi
46. P support might look like this subnet 239 252 197 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 range 239 252 197 10 239 252 197 250 DHCP Server Operation 83 Multiple address ranges may be specified as follows subnet 239 252 197 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 range 239 252 197 10 239 252 197 107 range 239 252 197 113 239 252 197 250 If a subnet will only be provided with BOOTP service and no dynamic address assignment the range clause can be left out entirely but the subnet statement must appear 8 3 2 Lease Length DHCP leases can be assigned almost any length from zero seconds to infinity What lease length makes sense for any given subnet or for any given installation will vary depending on the kinds of hosts being served It is possible to specify two lease lengths the default length that will be assigned if a client does not request a particular lease length and a maximum lease length These are specified as clauses to the subnet command subnet 239 252 197 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 range 239 252 197 10 239 252 197 107 default lease time 600 max lease time 7200 This subnet declaration specifies a default lease time of 600 seconds ten minutes with a maximum lease time of 7200 seconds two hours Other common values would be 86400 one day 604800 one week and 2592000 30 days 8 3 3 BOOTP Support Each BOOTP client must be explicitly declared in the dhcpd conf file A very basic client declaration will spec
47. Router If the Router does not return any message refer to Appendix B for troubleshooting information 2 4 2 Using terminal program via serial console port A terminal can be connected directly to the Serial console port This requires the use of a terminal emulation software package such as Microsoft HyperTerminal By default setting the Router is configured to communicate at a baud rate of 9600 Any standard terminal that support baud rate of 9600 can be connected to the Router s console port Please configure your serial port as BPS 9600 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop Bits 1 Flow Control None Following steps provide the instructions to log on to the Router via Microsoft HyperTerminal 1 Select Start gt Programs gt A ccessories gt H yperT erminal amp HyperTerminal File Edt View Go Favorites Help a y D A Bech Forward Up Cut Copy Paste Address AT amp T Mailht CompuServe HyperTerrs 2 14 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 Enter a connection name and click OK Connection Description Corset Jo 3 Select properly COM port and click OK Connect To Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 15 4 Enter the following parameters Bits per second 9600 Data bits 8 Parity None Stop bits 1 Flow Control None Then click OK COM1 Properties _2 x Port Settings Bits per second seco z Databits fe Batty Noe
48. This Product Do not place this product on an unstable surface or support The product may fall causing serious injury to a child or adult as well as serious damage to the product Use Care in M oving Product and C art Combinations Quick stops excessive force and uneven surfaces may cause the product and cart combination to overturn Unplug Power Before Cleaning Do not use liquid cleaner or aerosol cleaner Use a damp cloth for cleaning Keep Objects Out of Openings Never push objects of any kind into this product through openings as they may touch dangerous voltage or short out parts which could resultina fire or electric shock N ever spill liquid on the product Protect From Lightning For added protection for this product during alightning storm or when it is left unattended and unused for long periods of time unplug it from the wall outlet and disconnect the cable system This will prevent damage to the product due to lightning and power line surges Turn Off the Power Switch Between DC Plug Off and On Do Not Remove Covers Do not attempt to service this product yourself as opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage or other hazards Unplug this Product From Wall Outlet Carefully as the Power Adaptor M ay Be Hot Introduction 1 7 Refer Servicing to Qualified Service Personnel Under the Conditions Listed Below When the power supply cord or plug is damag
49. This command shows the current contents of the bridge s filter table The MAC entries for each device are shown in turn together with the time that the MAC address was last seen by the bridge The command also shows the current filter ageing time in seconds and the number of creation failures since the system was started Creation failures occur when thereis no room left in the filter table for a new entry Example DSL bridge gt filter 6 filterage Syntax filterage lt age gt Description This command sets or displays if no arguments are given the filter table ageing time The ageing time is the time after which MAC addresses are removed from the filter table when there has been no activity The time is specified in seconds and may be any integer value in the range 10 100 000 seconds This value may also be changed through SN MP Changing the value of filterage has immediate effect Configuration saving saves this information By default the filter ageing time is set to 300 seconds Example DSL bridge gt filterage 6 flush Syntax flush lt port gt Description This command allows the MAC entries for a specified port or all ports to be removed from the filter table The port number for a device may be determined using the device list Of status commands If the port number is omitted all entries for all ports are removed from the filter table Example DSL bridge gt flush 7 10 Command Sets for
50. an European single terminal connection to the public switched telephone network PSTN However due to differences between the individual PSTNs provided in different countries the approval does not of itself give an unconditional assurance of successful operation on every PSTN network termination point In the event of problem you should contact your equipment supplier in the first instance Note The manufacturer should ensure that the vendor and user of the equipment is clearly informed of the above information by means of package and or user manuals of the forms of user instructions
51. an be restored This gives a window of vulnerability whereby leases may be lost BOOTP support is also provided by this server Unlike DHCP the BOOTP protocol does not provide a protocol for recovering dynamically assigned addresses once they are no longer needed It is still possible to dynamically assign addresses to BOOTP clients but some administrative process for reclaiming addresses is required By default leases are granted to BOOTP clients in perpetuity although the network administrator may set an earlier cut off date or a shorter lease length for BOOTP leases if that makes sense BOOTP clients may be served in the old way which is to provide a declaration in the dhcpd conf file for each BOOTP client permanently assigning an address to each client 8 2 DHCP Server Configuration This section discusses the required format of the dhcpd conf file first as an informal guide to the simpler aspects of server configuration followed by a more detailed reference section 8 3 Informal configuration guide This section provides an overview of the DHCP server configuration process 8 3 1 Subnets The DHCP server software needs to know the subnet numbers and net masks of all subnets for which it will be providing service In addition in order to dynamically allocate addresses it must be assigned one or more ranges of addresses on each subnet which it can in turn assign to client hosts as they boot A very simple configuration providing DHC
52. an established PPP link It solicits a ping like reply from the far end This command sets a channel to confirm the continued presence of an open PPP connection by sending an LCP echo every few seconds and requiring an echo reply The number of seconds between echo requests is specified as a parameter If 0 is specified the function is disabled Use the info all command to read the current state on a channel Configuration saving saves this information By default the function is disabled 7 lt channel gt enable Syntax lt channel gt enable Description Set the enable flag for a PPP channel By default this is disabled In the PPP state machine this flag sets the PPP link to open If itis already open there is no effect Configuration saving saves this information By default all channels are disabled 8 lt channel gt hdlc Syntax lt channel gt hdlc 1 0 Description If 1 use an HDLC header on the front of transmitted packets and require one on received ones This consists of two bytes FF 03 and assists in interoperability with some other non standard implementations If 0 disable this Call with no argument to find the current setting The default value is 0 disabled Configuration saving saves this information If not set and a packet is received with an HDLC header the channel goes into a learned HDLC mode and sends packets with the HDLC header Thus interoperation with HDLC using equipment
53. be dynamically assigned to BOOTP clients as well as DHCP clients When specifying a single address high address can be omitted DHCP Server Operation 87 Host host hostname parameters declarations There must be at least one host statement for every BOOTP dient that is to be served Host statements may also be specified for DHCP clients although this is not required unless booting is only enabled for known hosts If it is desirable to be able to boot aDHCP or BOOTP client on more than one subnet with fixed addresses more than one address may be specified in the fixed address parameter or more than one host statement may be specified If client specific boot parameters must change based on the network to which the client is attached then multiple host statements should be used If a client is to be booted using a fixed address if it s possible but should be allocated a dynamic address otherwise then a host statement must be specified without a fixed address clause hostname should be a name identifying the host If a hostname option is not specified for the host hostname is used H ost declarations are matched to actual DHCP or BOOTP clients by matching the dhcp dient identifier option specified in the host declaration to the one supplied by the client or if the host declaration or the client does not provide a dhap client identifier option by matching the hardware parameter in the host declaration to the netwo
54. cable to the connector that marked 10 100Base T at the rear panel of the Router B If connect to more than one computer via H ub Connect one end of Ethernet straight through cable If your up link hub without cascade switch please use an Ethernet crossover cable instead to the uplink port on the Ethernet Hub then connect the other end of Ethernet cable to the connector that marked 10 100Base T at the rear panel of the Router Connect one end of RJ 11 telephone cable to the xDSL line jack that marked xDSL at the rear panel of the Router then connect the other end of RJ 11 telephone cable to the xDSL service port that your xDSL service provider or ISP installed Connect the male 9 pin end of the RS 232 serial cable to the connector that marked Console port at the rear panel of the Router then plug the other end of the RS 232 serial cable to the RS 232 serial port of your computer Turn on the power switch The Router should perform a self test and then be ready for use Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 5 2 3 Windows 95 98 setting for Ethernet LAN connection Either connect to Internet or configure the Router via Ethernet the TCP IP protocol is really necessary And your computer must be on the same subnet with the Router When you directly connect the Router to your computer through the Ethernet network you will first configure your computer to obtain an IP address automatically from your Router s DHCP
55. cat lt file gt flashfs cat lt file gt Description The cat command allows a console user to view the contents of the specified file Only printable characters are displayed non printable characters are represented by a character Printable characters include all standard printable characters together with carriage return line feed and tab No output formatting is performed and no scroll lock function implemented Example cat ipaddresses 7 6 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 3 isfs Is flashfs Is Syntax isfs ls flashfs ls 1 Description The 1s command allows a console user to list the files present in the filesystem The FLASH FS 1 option displays more detailed information logical address within FLASH and linked list information Example Is 4 isfs rm Syntax isfs rm lt file gt Description The rm command allows the user to remove a file from the ISFS file system The memory used to store the file is freed A subsequent FLASHFS update will write the new shorter ISFS files into FLASHFS providing an implicit rm function for FLASHFS N ote If the file removed is the only file that would be stored in FLASHFS as type fixed the file will remain in FLASHFS as the fixed file area will not be re written during an update Example gt isfs rm foo 5 flashfs update Syntax flashfs update Description The update command instructs FLASH FS to update the FLASH memory
56. d Junk characters appear on the configuration screen Makesurethe terminal emulation software is configured correctly Check the baud rate and data format is configured to 9600 bps No parity 8 data bits and 1 stop bit B 3 Problems when connecting to the M odem via Ethernet Cannot connect your PC to the M odem for configuration via Ethernet Makesurethe PC LED is light Make sure the M odem s IP address matches the IP address previously stored into the Modem s configuration You must have previously set the Modem s Ethernet IP address and subnet mask saved the Ethernet configuration changes and rebooted the M odem for the new IP address to take effect Make sure the PC and the Modem are on the same IP subnetwork or the target router is reachable through a router on your LAN Makesure the TCP IP properties setting is correct in your PC Make sure if the TX and RX LED on the M odes front panel blinks when pinged A 6 Appendix B 4 Problems when accessing the Internet or remote network Cant s access the Internet or remote network There are four possibilities to causes this problem 1 The connection between the computer and the Modem 2 The connection between the Modem and your N SP 3 The connection between your NSP and your ISP 4 The connection between your ISP and the Internet To isolate the problem you can verify IP connectivity with following steps by running a ping lt IP address
57. decision to return your xDSL Router to your dealer Introduction 1 5 1 4 Important Rules for Safe O peration In addition to the careful attention devoted to quality standards on the manufacture of your ADSL Router safety is a major factor in the design of every product H owever safety is your responsibility too This section lists important information that will help assure your enjoyment and proper use of the ADSL Router and accessory equipment Please read them carefully before operation and using your Router Read and Follow Instructions you should read all the safety and operating instructions before operating the Router Retain Instructions You should save all the safety and operating instructions for your future reference Heed Warning Comply with all warnings on the products and in the operating instructions Check Power Sources Operate this product only from the type of power source indicated on the product s marking label If you are not sure of the type of power supplied to your home consult your dealer or local power company Be Careful of Overloading Do not overload wall outlets or extension cords as this can result in a risk of fire or electric shock Overloaded AC outlets extension cords frayed power cords damaged or cracked wire insulation and broken plugs are dangerous They may result in a shock or fire hazard Periodically examine the cord and if its appearance indicates da
58. dress is compared and the smaller MAC address is treated as more significant The priority of the bridge may be changed by SNMP command Configuration saving saves this information By default the bridge is assigned a priority of 32768 Example DSL bridge gt spanning priority 4000 Sets the bridge priority to 4000 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 15 18 spanning status Syntax spanning status Description Reports the status of the spanning tree If spanning tree operation is disabled a message is printed to that effect and no other information is displayed When spanning tree operation is enabled the following information is displayed e Theidentifier of the bridge e Theidentifier of the root bridge e Theroot port for this bridge e The root path cost how far the bridge is from the root e The various spanning tree time values as defined by the current root bridge e The maximum age of spanning tree information before it is discarded max age time e The amount of time between configuration protocol packets hello time e The amount of time delay when ports are changing state forward delay time e For each port e Theidentifier of the designated bridge e Theidentifier of the designated port for the designated bridge e Theidentifier of the designated root bridge Example DSL bridge gt spanning status 7 16 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Commands for DHCP server process 1 dhcpser
59. e for connections lm DSL gt ip ipatm lifetime 90 Idle lifetime for connections 1m30s 12 ipatm pvc Syntax ipatm pvc ipatm pvc add lt i f gt lt vci gt lt IP address gt lt pcr gt lt port gt ipatm pvc delete lt vci gt lt port gt ipatm pvc flush Description Lists configured PVCs for use by IP over ATM configures another deletes one or deletes all lt i gt is the name of an interface configured for P over ATM using PVCs lt yci gt isthe VCI to use for the PVC The range of possible VCIs depends on the system lt IP address gt is the IP address of the machine at the other end of the PVC If it is not specified TCP IP will uselnverse ATMARP RFC 1577 to determine the IP address if it is specified then Inverse ATMARP will not be used lt pcr gt is the peak cell rate in cells per second The default is 60000 If neither IP address nor PCR is specified the after the VCI can be omitted lt port gt is the port name it must be specified if the machine is a switch and not otherwise Configuration saving saves this information Example myswitch gt ip ipatm pve add atm 60 a3 myswitch gt ip ipatm pvc add atm 61 50000 b1 7 28 Command Sets for Command Line Interface myswitch gt ip ipatm pve add atm 62 192 168 4 32 b1 myswitch gt ip ipatm pvc ipatm pvc atm 60 60000 A3 ipatm pvc atm 61 50000 B1 ipatm pvc atm 62 192 168 4 32 60000 B1
60. e only significant use for the subnet command is to change the masks for these automatic subnets if the default masks see device command are not correct Subnet definitions for other subnets can also be useful in conjunction with RIP version 1 which does not communicate subnet masks but this is not very common Configuration saving saves this information Example DSL gt ip device type dev file IP address device ether ether nice mtu 1500 192 168 2 1 device vlan ther lane mtu 1500 192 168 55 1 DSL gt ip subnet subnet vlane home 192 168 55 0 ff ff ff 00 vlane subnet ether home 192 168 2 0 ff ff ff 00 ether DSL gt ip subnet add viane home 192 168 55 1 ff ff fc 0 DSL gt ip subnet subnet vlane home 192 168 52 0 ff ff fc 00 vlane subnet ether home 192 168 2 0 ff ff ff 00 ether 7 38 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Commands for NAT process 1 ip nat Syntax ip nat add delete lt i f name gt Description This command adds or removes NAT functionality from the named interface The interface name is the name as listed by the ip device command NAT should always be enabled only on the interface connecting to the public network not the interface connecting to the private network Example gt ip nat add ppp device 2 nat interfaces Syntax nat interfaces Description Thenat interfaces command displays the IP router ports on which NAT is currently enabled For each of th
61. e specific route ff ff ff 0 would match a Class C network and ff ff ff ff is a route to a single host N ote the default is not always sensible in particular if lt dest gt is 0 0 0 0 then it would be better for the mask to default to 0 0 0 0 lt cost gt default 1 is the number of hops counted as the cost of the route which may affect the choice of route when the route is competing with routes acquired from RIP But note that using a mixture of RIP and static routing is not advised lt timeout gt default 0 meaning that the route does not time out is the number of seconds that the route will remain in the routing table N ote that the routing table does not contain routes to the directly connected networks without going through a gateway TCP IP routes packets to such destinations by using the information in the device and subnet tables instead The route command with no parameters displays the routing table It adds a comment to each route with the following information e How the route was obtained one of MAN configured by the route command RIP obtained from RIP ICMP obtained from an ICMP redirect message SNMP configured by SNMP network management e Thetime out if the route is not permanent e Theoriginal time out if the route is not permanent e The name of the interface if known that will be used for the route e An asterisk if the route was added recently and RIP
62. ease renewal subnet mask and DHCP server address Including the all flag shows for each valid interface the active lease leases which are being or have been offered to the interface and any leases which are still being held by the client which are not currently active since a single interface can only have one active lease at a time Example DSL gt dhepclient status DHCP Client Lease Status active lease only Interface ethernet Status Server ID IP address Subnet mask Renewal ACTIVE 192 168 219 151 J192 168 219 1 255 255 255 0 31 seconds 3 ip device Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 19 Syntax ip device add lt i f gt lt type gt lt file gt mtu lt size gt lt IP address gt dhcp ip device Description Theip device add command adds an interface to the configuration of the IP stack The last parameter of the command would normally the IP address of the interface use of the string dhcp causes the IP address to be discovered by the DHCP client software N ote that using the flag dhcp on an interface precludes running a DHCP server on that interface The ip device command lists the current configuration of any devices attached to the IP stack A device configured to use DHCP will show dhcp in the IP address column followed by the actual IP address discovered and bound by DHCP if any For interfaces configured to use DHCP saving configu
63. ease time time Time should be the length in seconds that will be assigned to a lease if the client requesting the lease does not ask for a specific expiration time max lease time max lease time time Timeshould be the maximum length in seconds that will be assigned to a lease if the client requesting the lease asks for a specific expiration time hardware hardware hardware type hardware address In order for aBOOTP client to be recognized its network hardware address must be declared using a hardware clause in the host statement hardware type must be the name of a physical hardware interface type Currently only the ethernet and token ring types are recognized The hardware address should be a set of hexadecimal octets numbers from 0 through ff separated by colons The hardware statement may also be used DHCP Server Operation 8 9 for DHCP clients filename filename filename The filename statement can be used to specify the name of the initial boot file which is to be loaded by a client The filename should be a filename recognizable to whatever file transfer protocol the client can be expected to use to load the file server name server name name The server name statement can be used to inform the client of the name of the server from which it is booting Name should be the name that will be provided to the client next server next server server name The next server statement is used to specify the host
64. ecl names flag If the use host decl names parameter is true in a given scope then for every host declaration within that scope the name provided for the host declaration will be supplied to the client as its hostname For example group use host decl names on host joe hardware ethernet 08 00 2b 4c 29 32 fixed address joe fugue com DHCP Server Operation 8 11 is equivalent to host joe hardware ethernet 08 00 2b 4c 29 32 fixed address joe fugue com option host name joe An option host name statement within a host declaration will override the use of the name in the host declaration server identifier server identifier hostname The server identifier statement can be used to define the value that is sent inthe DHCP Server Identifier option for a given scope The value specified must be an IP address for the DHCP server and must be reachable by all clients served by a particular scope The use of the server identifier statement is not recommended the only reason to use it is to force a value other than the default value to be sent on occasions where the default value would be incorrect The default value is the first IP address associated with the physical network interface on which the request arrived The usual case where the server identifier statement needs to be sent is when a physical interface has more than one IP address and the one being sent by default is not appropriate for some or all clients served b
65. ed If liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the product If the product has been exposed to rain or water If the product does not operate normally by following the operating instructions Adjust only those controls that are covered by the operating instructions If the product has been dropped or the cabinet has been damaged When the product exhibits a distinct change in performance such as the inability to perform basic functions this indicates a need for service Require Safety Check Upon completion of any service or repairs to this product ask the service technician to perform safety checks recommended by service point to determine that the products is in safe operating condition 18 Introduction 1 5 Front Panel The xDSL Router has five status LEDs for diagnostics You can monitor the LEDs during operation Following table shows the xDSL Router status LEDs and identifies what each LED light means Function Behavior Definition Dark Light Flashing slowly Light POWER PC Power off Power on XDSL training in progress Dark XDSL link is establish and ready to transfer data Ethernet link absent or power off Light Ethernet link present RX Flashing Receiving data from xDSL link TX Flashing Transmitting data to xDSL link The xDSL Router which including 4 port stackable switch hub that has several status LEDs for diagnostics You can monitor the LED
66. ed in place of port numbers when a suitable 7 30 Command Sets for Command Line Interface mapping exists lt protocol gt should be either upp or tcp itcan be omitted but that is not very useful For portname read thefileis in the same format as isfs services which is the same as the output from oortname list The portname command is hidden not shown by ip help Configuration saving saves this information Example DSL gt ip portname flush DSL gt ip portname add someport 105 tcp DSL gt ip portname list someport 105 TCP DSL gt ip portname read isfs services DSL gt ip portname list router 520 UDP snmp 161 UDP tftp 69 UDP telnet 23 TCP someport 105 TCP 17 relay Syntax relay relay all lt i f gt lt i f gt forward Description Displays or sets what forwarding TCP IP will do between interfaces The combinations of setting forwarding can bea bit confusing they behave as follows Command Enables forwarding relay all from every interface to every non loopback interface relay ifl from if1 to every non loopback interface and from every interface to if1 relay ifl forward from if1 to every non loopback interface relay ifl if2 from if1 to if2 and from if2 to if1 relay ifl if2 forward from if1 to if2 Don t confuse the forward keyword which indicates one way relaying with the term forwarding To disable forwarding use the
67. ed with the local domain name it is preferable to use the domain name option to specify the domain name See RFC 1035 for character set restrictions option boot size uint16 This option specifies the length in 512 octet blocks of the default boot image for the client option merit dump string This option specifies the path name of a file to which the client s core image should be dumped in the event the client crashes The path is formatted as a character string consisting of characters from the NVT ASCII character set option domain name string This option specifies the domain name that client should use when resolving hostnames via the Domain Name System option swap server ip address This specifies the IP address of the client s swap server option root path string This option specifies the path name that contains the client s root disk The path is formatted as a character string consisting of characters from the NVT ASCII character set option ip forwarding flag This option specifies whether the client should configure its IP layer for packet forwarding A value of 0 means disable IP forwarding and a value of 1 means enable IP forwarding option non local source routing flag This option specifies whether the client should configure its IP layer to allow forwarding of datagrams with non local source routes A value of 0 means disallow forwarding of such datagrams and a value of 1 means allow forwarding
68. erver with the specified values Options that are always sent in the DHCP protocol should not be specified here except that the client can specify a requested lease time option other than the default requested lease time which is two hours this would normally be done on a per interface basis see section 6 3 2 The other obvious use for this statement is to send information to the server that will allow it to differentiate between this client and other clients or kinds of clients 9 3 Other declarations 9 3 1 Reject reject ip address The reject statement causes the DHCP client to reject offers from servers who use the specified address as a server identifier This can be used to avoid being configured by rogue or misconfigured dhcp servers although it should bea last resort better to track down the bad DHCP server and fix it DHCP Client Configuration 9 5 9 3 2 Interface interface name declarations A client with more than one network interface may require different behaviour depending on which interface is being configured All timing parameters and declarations other than lease and alias declarations can be enclosed in an interface declaration and those parameters will then be used only for the interface that matches the specified name Interfaces for which there is no interface declaration will use the parameters declared outside of any interface declaration or the default settings 9 4 DHCP Options The D
69. es If thereis still traffic being sent to the destination concerned IP will soon open a new SVC to the destination Example DSL gt ip ipatm abort 14 8 ipatm arp Syntax ipatm arp list Description Lists the cached mappings from IP addresses to ATM addresses only relevant when using P over ATM with SVCs The list parameter is optional and makes no difference to the behavior Example DSL gt ip ipatm arp 192 168 5 72 47 00 83 10 a2 b1 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 2b 01 00 07 00 192 168 5 33 47 00 83 10 a4 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 2b 01 00 19 00 192 168 5 111 47 00 83 10 e2 00 00 00 20 2b 01 01 a8 00 20 2b 01 01 a8 00 9 ipatm arpserver Syntax ipatm arpserver lt i f gt lt ATM address gt here 7 26 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Description Displays or sets the ATMARP server used for an interface which must be an IP over ATM interface using SVCs The interface name is optional when displaying if omitted the ATMA RP servers for all such interfaces are listed Since currently there can only be one such interface this behavior is present only for possible consistency with future versions The parameter here causes no ATM ARP server to be used only the local ATMARP cache will be consulted when setting up an SVC This will normally be used when this machine is the ATMARP server for the local network Configuration saving saves this information Example DSL gt ip ipat
70. es this information Example DSL bridge gt device delete edd 7 8 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 3 device list Syntax device list Description This command lists all the devices that are currently attached to the bridge It does not show the stored configuration which can be seen with the config print command Example DSL bridge gt device list 4 ethertype Syntax ethertype lt port gt any ip pppoe Description This command enables filtering of Ethernet packets according to the ETHER_TYPE field in the header Only packets of the type specified using this command will be sent on the port specified packets of all types will always be received By default all bridge ports are set to any which means that the type of the packet will never be checked The meaning of the other options is as follows Option Permitted ETHER_TYPE values ip 0x0800 IP 0x0806 ARP pppoe 0x8863 0x8864 PPP Over Ethernet RFC 2516 The port is specified as an integer as displayed by the device list command When using this command in the initbridge configuration file ports are numbered in the order in which the device add commands are given starting from 1 If no arguments are given the current settings for each port are displayed Example DSL bridge gt ethertype 2 any Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 9 5 filter Syntax filter Description
71. ese a status and IP address is listed The IP address is discovered automatically from the IP stack The status shows the user whether NAT is currently operational on that interface enabled or whether NAT is still waiting to find out the interface s IP address not ready Example gt nat interfaces Name Status IP address thernet enabled 194 129 40 2 ppp not ready 3 nat inbound Syntax nat inbound list nat inbound add lt i f gt lt port gt lt proto gt lt new IP gt quiet nat inbound delete lt gt nat inbound flush Description This command enables the user to list or to set up a series of rules to determine what happens to incoming traffic By default all incoming packets other that packets arriving in response to outgoing traffic will be rejected Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 39 Thenat inbound add command allows packets arriving on a specific port and IP protocol to be forwarded to a machine on the private network lt i gt is an interface name as shown by the nat interface list command lt port gt is the destination UDP or TCP port number to match in the incoming traffic lt proto gt istheIP protocol either udp or tcp lt new IP gt is the new IP address on the private network which the packet s destination IP address should be translated to If a rule is added for an interface on which NAT is not enabled the rule is added anyway but a warning is prin
72. ess None obtained by DHCP Subnet mask None obtained by DHCP Gateway None obtained by DHCP By default the xDSL Router is configured as a DHCP server with the following settings Do not allocate dynamic IP addresses to unknown clients deny unknown clients Do not repond to BOOTP queries deny bootp Advanced Configurations 4 7 Use 255 255 255 0 as subnet mask for all clients in 10 0 0 0 subnet subnet 10 0 0 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 Range of dynamic IP addresses change only the last digit range 10 0 0 2 10 0 0 5 If client does not request a specific lease time allocate 3600 seconds change as required default lease time 3600 If client requests specific expiration time allocate 7200 seconds change as required max lease time 7200 Set clients default gateway to this do not change option routers 10 0 0 1 Set clients primary secondary DNS as these change as required option domain name servers 206 13 28 12 206 13 31 12 Set clients domain name as this change as required option domain name pacbell net Use 255 255 255 248 as subnet mask for the IP addr 63 193 197 114 Define subnet for the IP address used by NAT change as needed subnet 63 193 197 114 netmask 255 255 255 248 The basic procedure to change the default setting is that you have to delete the existing configuration and reentering new configuration gt home gt dhcpserver
73. et your xDSL Router working properly The configuration of the xDSL Router can be accessed in three ways Using TELNET via Ethernet interface Using terminal program via serial console port Using xDSL Configuration Tool ACT via serial console port 2 4 1 Using TELNET via Ethernet interface To access the command line interface via Ethernet interface you can use TELNET to log in the Router from the local Ethernet network using the Ethernet IP address that assigned to your xDSL Router The Ethernet IP of the xDSL Router is default set to 192 168 7 1 1 Select Start gt Programs gt M S DOS Prompt 2 Find the IP address of the Router s Ethernet port Then use TELNET to login the Router For example TELNET 192 168 7 1 cmd Microsoft R gt Windows NT lt TM gt lt C gt Copyright 1985 1996 Microsoft Corp C WINNT system32 gt telnet 192 168 7 1 3 You will seethat a telnet dialog pops up asking for password case sensitive then enter admin J Telnet 192 168 7 1 Connect Edit Terminal Help password Jj y en Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 13 4 Then you will see the following prompt DSL gt i Telnet 192 168 7 1 x Connect Edit Terminal Help Password a logged on type close to close connection DSL gt Kim 5 Now you are ready to configure the Router by using command Please contact your ISP N SP to obtain the detail command sets of your
74. g against the client identifier Also used by the client in a send dhcp client identifier declaration to supply its identifier to the server 8 18 DHCP Server Operation DHCP Client Configuration 9 1 Chapter 9 DHCP Client Configuration This section describes basic configuration options for the DHCP Client these are placed into an ASCII file which is read by the system at startup dhdlient conf via ISFS which in turn may be retrieved from FLASH if the file exists there The DHCP Client omits support for permanent lease declarations IP aliasing and media requests and does not allow all DHCP options specified in 3 For details and format of supported options see section 7 While an client can accept anything a server sends to it it can only actually configure the IP stack with a very limited set of options 9 2 DHCP Client Configuration 9 1 Protocol Timing The timing behaviour of the client need not be configured by the user If no timing configuration is provided by the user a reasonable timing behaviour will be used by default one which results in timely updates without placing an inordinate load on the server The following statements can be used to adjust the timing behaviour of the DHCP client if required 9 1 1 Timeout timeout time The timeout statement determines the amount of time that must pass between the time that the client begins to try to determine its addre
75. g bridge nat dsl isfs flashfs The former variant sends the command to the process The latter variant remembers the process name and sends subsequent commands to the process as if they had been preceded by the process name until the command home is issued The prompt is changed to reflect this moreover if a help command with no arguments is issued it is passed to the process as usual but then information about the home command is appended to the process s output by the console Example DSL gt isfs help Commands are ls rm cat Type help all or help lt command gt for more details DSL gt isfs DSL isfs gt help Commands are ls rm cat Type help all or help lt command gt for more details DSL isfs gt home DSL gt Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 3 When the console is at the prompt of a particular process the command home lt command gt Or home lt process gt lt command gt may be used to execute a command as if the user had typed home followed by lt command gt or lt process gt lt command gt However the console will remain at the same process prompt The command home lt process gt will change the prompt from the current process to a new process lt process gt Example DSL gt conifg DSL config gt help Commands are print reset save Type help all or help lt command gt for more details DSL config gt home help Commands are ds
76. given in RFC2132 to actually configure its own IP stack However the DHCP server can supply any of the options given there this could be useful when using for example aDHCP server with several Microsoft DHCP clients 8 4 Configuration reference guide The DHCP configuration file dhcpd conf is a free form ASCII text file The file may contain extra tabs and newlines for formatting purposes Keywords in the file are case insensitive Comments may be placed anywhere within the file except within quotes Comments begin with the character and end at the end of the line The file essentially consists of alist of statements Statements fall into two broad categories parameters and declarations Parameter statements indicate how to do something eg duration of offered lease whether to do something e g provision of IP addresses to unknown clients or what parameters to provide to the client eg use gateway 220 177 244 7 Declarations are used to describe the topology of the network to describe clients on the network to provide addresses that can be assigned to clients or to apply a group of parameters to a group of declarations In any group of parameters and declarations all parameters must be specified before any declarations which depend on those parameters may be specified DHCP Server Operation 85 8 4 1 Network topology Declarations about network topology include the shared network and the subnet declara
77. i organizational collection of IP networks known as the Internet An internet is sometimes also known as an internetwork Internet address IP address Any computing device that uses the Internet Protocol IP must be assigned an internet or IP address This is a 32 bit number assigned by the system administrator usually written in the form of 4 decimal fields separated by periods eg 192 9 200 1 Part of the internet address is the IP network number IP network address and part is the host address IP host address All machines on a given IP network use the same IP network number and each machine has a unique IP host address The system administrator sets the subnet mask to specify how much of the address is network number and how much is host address Internet Protocol A networking protocol developed for use on computer systems that use the UNIX operating system Often used with Ethernet cabling systems In this manual IP is used as an umbrella term to cover all packets and networking operations that include the use of the Internet Protocol See also TCP IP ISP Internet service provider A company that provides Internet related services Most importantly an ISP provides Internet access services and products to other companies and consumers Appendix A 11 ITU International Telecommunication Union United Nations specialized agency for telecommunications LAN Local area network A privately owned network that offers
78. ify the client network interface s hardware address and the IP address to assign to that client If the client needs to be able to load a boot file from the server that file s name must be specified A simple bootp client declaration might look like this host haagen hardware ethernet 08 00 2b 4c 59 23 fixed address 239 252 197 9 filename tftpboot haagen boot This would probably require an explicit communication with aTFTP server to actually obtain the named file 8 4 DHCP Server Operation 8 3 4 Options DHCP and also BOOTP with Vendor Extensions provide a mechanism whereby the server can provide the client with information about how to configure its network interface e g subnet mask and also how the client can access various network services eg IP routers These options can be specified on a per subnet basis and for BOOTP clients also on a per client basis In the event that a BOOTP client declaration specifies options that are also specified in its subnet declaration the options specified in the client declaration take precedence A reasonably complete DH CP configuration would take the following form subnet 239 252 197 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 range 239 252 197 10 239 252 197 250 default lease time 600 max lease time 7200 option subnet mask 255 255 255 0 option broadcast address 239 252 197 255 option routers 239 252 197 1 Note that the DHCP client cannot use all the options
79. in each case only if the file concerned edda nice or 7 993b can be opened Furthermore if the IP process is given a command line then each argument will be treated as a possible Ethernet like file to open given names ether1 ether2 and so on For example if the IP process is defined in the system file as Process ip is tcp_ip ip bridge lec1 and bridge and 1lec1 can be opened then the equivalents of the commands device add etherl ether bridge device add ether2 ether lecl will be processed in addition to the others above 7 24 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Configuration saving saves the interface configuration Example DSL gt ip device type dev file IP address devic ther ether nice mtu 1500 192 168 2 1 device vlan ther lane mtu 1500 192 168 55 1 DSL gt ip device add loop loop 127 0 0 1 Change will have no effect until after config save andrestart DSL gt ip device delete viane Change will have no effect until after config save andrestart DSL gt ip device type dev file IP address devic ther ether nice mtu 1500 192 168 2 1 device vlan ther lane mtu 1500 192 168 55 1 DELETED device loop loop mtu 2048 127 0 0 1 ADDED Additions deletions will have no effect until after config save and restart 4 disable Syntax disable lt i f gt Description Disables all interfaces
80. indicates Router has reached SHOWTIME Now lt dsl gt process commands can be issued at the lt dsl gt prompt to retrieve various measurements Refer to chapter 7 for the details of lt dsl gt process commands 6 2 xDSL Link Performance Statistics Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 1 Chapter 7 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Command line interface conventions Command line length may be up to 90 characters long The command line interface is case sensitive Parameters in between and are optional Parameters in between lt and gt must be entered The command line interface prompts for commands with a prompt that indicates the identity of the system It determines how to indicate the identity as follows m fthe SNMP MIB variable sysN ame 0 exists and is non empty that is used first m Otherwise if a local IP address exists that is used m Otherwise the local MAC address is used For example the prompt might look like one of the following DSL gt 192 168 7 1 gt 02 30sebs ft 028 gt 7 2 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Basic system command sets 1 lt process gt lt process gt lt command gt Syntax lt process gt lt command gt lt process gt lt process gt version home home lt command gt Description In these commands lt process gt can be any of a list of process names known to the console as following ip PPP snmp confi
81. inked to interface 2 Providing a PVC setting unsets any SVC setting See the svc command It is possible for a PVC to become down in the PPP state machine even though the PVC is still there for instance due to an authentication failure If in this state an incoming packet will cause the PPP state machine to go up If listen is specified then this is the server end of a PVC It will not send out PPP Configure Requests until it first receives a packet over the PVC When a connection is torn down it goes returns to this state Use the info command to read this information Configuration saving saves this information By default a channel has no connection information Example gt ppp 3 pve 3 32 set channel 3 to be VPI 3 VCl 32 gt ppp 4 pve read PVC settings for channel 4 gt ppp 5 pvc 0 remove any PVC settings from channel 5 16 lt channel gt qos Syntax lt channel gt gos cbr lubr pcr lt pcr tx gt lt pcr rx gt Description Specify that the VC for a PPP channel should be Constant Bit Rate or Unspecified Bit Rate and optionally for UBR give a Peak Cell Rate for the connection If two values are specified then they are transmit and receive PCRs respectively If called while not attached to a VC then the settings are saved for use when a VC is created If the channel is already attached to a VC then it is closed and re opened with the new values If it cannot be reopened it remains closed Configuration
82. l bridge config flashfs ip isfs nat ppp restart snmp system Type help all or help lt command gt for more details DSL config gt home flashfs help Commands are cat ls update Type help all or help lt command gt for more details DSL config gt home isfs DSL isfs gt help Commands are ls rm cat Type help all or help lt command gt for more details DSL isfs gt home DSL gt 2 help Syntax help help lt cmd gt help all lt process gt help lt process gt help lt cmd gt lt process gt help all Description Displays asummary of available commands more detailed information on a particular command or more detailed information on all commands Example 7 4 Command Sets for Command Line Interface DSL gt ip help Commands are arp config enable help norelay ping route routes device disable ipatm nat relay rip stats subnet Type help all or help lt command gt for more details DSL gt ip help arp arp syntax arp lt cmd gt exe arp help list cute arp subcommand subcommands available 3 history mechanism Syntax Description Repeats the previous console command Example DSL gt ip help arp arp syntax arp lt cmd gt arp help DSL gt arp syntax arp lt cmd gt arp help 4 restart Syntax restart Description Reboots the Router 5 system Syntax system Description execute arp subcommand list subcomma
83. low is taken from the latest IETF draft document on DHCP options Options which are not listed by name may be defined by the name option nnn where nnn is the decimal number of the option code These options may be followed either by astring enclosed in quotes or by a series of octets expressed as DHCP Client Configuration 9 7 two digit hexadecimal numbers separated by colons For example option option 133 my option 133 text option option 129 1 54 c9 2b 47 Because DHCP does not know the format of these undefined option codes no checking is done to ensure the correctness of the entered data 9 4 2 Supported DH CP client options The following section shows configuration options which the DHCP client can use to configure the IP stack option subnet mask ip address The subnet mask option specifies or requests the server to supply the client s subnet mask option dhcp lease time int This option can be used to request a specific lease duration by the client The analogous option on the server is max lease time For example send dhcp lease time 200 would set a client to request a lease time of 200 seconds option dhcp client identifier data string This option should be used to specify a client identifier in a host declaration so that a DHCP server can find the host record by matching against the client identifier This option is required when attempting to operate the DHCP client with a Microsoft DHCP
84. lt channel gt discard Syntax lt channel gt discard lt size gt Description Discard isa PPP LCP packet type which is like the Echo packet type but does not generate a return This can be used for more careful tests of data transfer on the link for instance at sizes near the negotiated MRU This command sends an LCP Discard packet of the specified size If no sizeis given a minimal sized packet is sent Arrival of a Discard packet is logged locally as a level 2 event The link must be up and operational in order to do the discard test 5 lt channel gt echo Syntax lt channel gt echo lt size gt Description Echo is an LCP packet which is used to test an established PPP link It solicits a ping like reply from the far end This command sends an LCP Echo packet of the specified size If no size is given a minimal sized packet is sent If a size greater than the remote Maximum Receive Unit size is specified the value is reduced to the remote M RU before sending The command waits for 1 second for a reply packet to arrive and prints whether the reply arrived If a reply arrives subsequent to this it is logged as a level 2 event The link must be up and operational in order to do the echo test See also the discard test 7 44 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 6 lt channel gt echo every Syntax lt channel gt echo every lt seconds gt Description Echo is an LCP packet which is used to test
85. m arpserver ipatm arpserver atm here DSL gt ip ipatm arpserver atm 47 0 83 10 a2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 2b 4 3 8 0 DSL gt ip ipatm arpserver atm ipatm arpserver atm 47 00 83 10 a2 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 2b 04 03 08 00 10 ipatm files Syntax ipatm files Description Lists the P over ATM connections listens and slots for available connections Example DSL gt ip ipatm files i f atm 0 transmissions queued 6 free connections 4 listeners on atm Connected to 192 168 220 48 2 rx buffers idle Oms on atm Listening 1 rx buffers in use on atm Listening 1 rx buffers in use on atm Listening 1 rx buffers in use on atm Listening 1 rx buffers in use on atm Idle 0 rx buffers on atm Idle rx buffers on atm Idle rx buffers on atm Idle rx buffers on atm Idle rx buffers 0 on atm Idle 0 rx buffers FPO MAHA OB WNE OO OOOO 11 ipatm lifetime Syntax ipatm lifetime lt secs gt Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 27 Description Displays or sets idle time out for P over ATM SVCs if thereis no traffic on an SVC for this period then it will be disconnected It might be disconnected before this period in order to make room for new connections There is no way to disable the time out but ip ipatm lifetime 999999 will have much the same effect Configuration saving saves this information The default lifetime is 60 seconds Example DSL gt ip ipatm lifetime Idle lifetim
86. m via serial console port 2 13 Chapter 3 Basic Configurations oe 31 3 1 Factory default configuration l aasononnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrnnenann 32 3 2 Bridged RFCI4B3 3 oot oe oe Cathet Sal cn a 33 3 3 Routed RFCI4B3 sooty etd oie Olea a ad kad De 35 3 4 Classical IP RFC1577 ooo ccccscssesseececeeccerescseneseesenceesaren 3 7 3 5 PPP Over ATM RFC2364 k cnneeennernnrnrnnnn 39 3 6 PPP Over Ethernet RFC2516 aeeaiei 313 Chapter 4 Advanced Configurations 4 1 4 1 Add NAT to Classic IP PPP over ATM and PPP over Ethernet 42 4 2 Enables NAT to RFC1483 Classic IP RFC1577 PPP over ATM RFC2364 and PPP over Ethernet RFC2516 in Routing IOC Gs csscet sat cated aa uanatvataienastin causal 4 4 4 3 Changing DHCP server configuration ooo eee 4 6 4 4 Changing DHCP dient configuration ss 4 9 4 5 PPTP Tunneling Configuration ooo ecessssesesesseeeee 4 11 Chapter 5 Managing ThexDSL Router 5 1 5 1 Booting the xDSL Router from Ethernet NEWN oni a AT 51 5 2 U pgrading on board flash memory from Ethernet IM OD a Sec aia ent eat a a 52 5 3SNMP 53 Chapter 7 Command Sets for Command Line METTE a aa A ra Command Line Interface Conventions nnn 7 1 Basic system command S amp S ooo eecececceceeceseececeseseeseereeeeee 7 2 Commands for ISFS and FLASH FS proce 7 5 Commands for Bridge Process ooo eeesseseseeseeseceeseeseateeeass 7 7 Commands for DHCP server process ooo cesscseseeseseeseeees 7 16 Commands for DHCP client process ooo eesss
87. mage or deteriorated insulation have it replaced by your service technician Protect Power Cords Route power supply cords so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them Pay particular attention to cords where they are attached to plugs and convenience receptacles and examine the point where they exit from the product Check Ventilation Slots and openings in the enclosure are provided for ventilation to ensure reliable operation of the product and to protect it from overheating Do not block or cover these openings Never block these openings by placing the product on a bed sofa rug or other similar surface N ever place this product near or over a radiator or heat register or any other 1 6 Introduction heat source including amplifiers Do not place this productina built in installation such as a bookcase or equipment rack unless you provide proper ventilation Do Not Use Accessories Do not use attachments unless they are recommended by your vendor as they may cause electrical or fire hazards Use the Recommended Power Adaptor You must use the Power Adaptor that comes with your ADSL Router Do Not Use Near Water Do not use this product near water For example near a swimming pool bath tub wash bowl and the like Do Not place N ear High Temperature Source For example near a steamer kitchen range fire and the like Use Caution in Mounting
88. nd is used when the bridge is or is attempting to become the root bridge The maxage time may be any value between 6 and 40 and is also constrained by the forwarddelay and hellotime times The maxage time may also be changed by SNMP command Configuration saving saves this information By default the maxage time is set to 20 seconds Example DSL bridge gt spanning maxage 6 Sets the maxage time to 6 seconds Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 13 13 spanning port lt number gt The port commands described in subsequent sections control the configuration of the bridge s ports so far as the operation of the spanning tree protocol is concerned Ports are numbered from 1 Every port on the bridge may be specified by typing a11 instead of a port number 14 spanning port lt number gt disabled enable Syntax spanning port lt number gt disable enable Description Allows a port to be disabled or enabled The state of a port may also be changed by SNMP command A port which is enabled will take part in the operation of the spanning tree protocol If enabled the physical port may be enabled or disabled as demanded by the operation of the protocol Configuration saving saves this information By default ports are enabled Example DSL bridge gt spanning port 1 enable Enablesport 1 on the bridge 15 spanning port lt number gt pathcost Syntax spanning port lt number gt pathcost lt cost gt
89. nds available execute arp subcommand list subcommands available Displays the system type firmware version and other information Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 5 Commands for ISFS and FLA SHFS process 1 ISFS and FLASHFS overview The Router requiring storage of configuration data should make use of the ISFS file system The FLASH FS file system provides permanent storage of files and is not normally used other than at start of day or when re writing the FLASH In addition to configuration files FLASHFS stores the firmware image which is loaded after system restart After system restart and during system initialization FLASH FS files are copied into ISFS so that they are accessible by application processes Typically applications use the ISFS files to store their configuration data Changes made to the configuration can be written back into ISFS and subsequently FLA SHFS with the config save command During a FLA SHFS update all configuration files in ISFS are written back to FLASH irrespective of whether they have changed or not Normally the firmware image is not rewritten The FLASH FS configuration files can be considered the master copies and the ISFS files the run time copies If the ISFS copies are written back to the FLASHFS the current settings will be preserved It is possible to read files from FLASHFS directly though this use is deprecated 2 isfs cat flashfs cat Syntax isfs
90. nity name that can be used for read only or read write access respectively If an IP address is specified then the community name is valid only for SNMP requests issued from that IP address It should be noted that this can be rather weak security since it is possible for the source address of IP packets to be forged The same community name can be configured several times with different IP addresses to allow access with the same community name from a number of different machines The number of access records community names paired with optional IP addresses that can be configured is limited only by available memory The delete option deletes an access record The IP address must match exactly if it is not specified only a matching access record that has no IP address will be deleted The flush option deletes all access records The list option lists the access records Configuration saving saves the access records By default if there are no access records in the snmpinit file no SNMP management is allowed Example DSL gt snmp access list access read public access write password DSL gt snmp access write xyzzy 192 168 4 73 DSL gt snmp access delete password DSL gt snmp access list access read public access write xyzzy 192 168 4 73 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 53 2 config Syntax config save Description Displays the configuration as from access list and trap lis
91. nt setting The default value is 10 Configuration saving saves this information 12 lt channel gt Icpmaxfailure Syntax lt channel gt lcpmaxfailure lt n gt Description Set the M ax Failure parameter for LCP This is the maximum number of consecutive Configure Naks that will be sent before assuming that 7 46 Command Sets for Command Line Interface parameter negotiation is not converging Call with no argument to find the current setting The default value is 5 Configuration saving saves this information 13 lt channel gt Icpmaxterminate Syntax lt channel gt lcpmaxterminate lt n gt Description Set the Max Terminate parameter for LCP This is the maximum number of Terminate Requests that will be sent without reply before assuming that the peer is unable to respond Call with no argument to find the current setting The default value is 2 Configuration saving saves this information 14 lt channel gt llc Syntax lt channel gt lic 110 Description If 1 use an LLC header on the front of transmitted packets and require one on received ones This consists of four bytes FE FE 03 CF and is required for PPP Over AAL5 RFC 2364 p4 when using LLC encapsulated PPP If 0 disable this Call with no argument to find the current setting The default value is 0 disabled Configuration saving saves this information If not set and a packet is received with an LLC header the channel goes into a
92. ntax rip poison off Description Sets or clears the poisoned reverse flag If this flag is on TCP IP performs poisoned reverse aS defined in RFC 1058 see that RFC for discussion of when this is a good thing To see the state of the flag without changing it the config command must be used Configuration saving saves this information By default the poisoned reverse flag is off Example DSL gt ip rip poison 24 rip relay Syntax rip relay lt RIP version gt lt name gt lt i f gt lt timeout gt Description Configures a RIP relay RIP relays were designed as a means of using RIP on anon broadcast medium currently only P over ATM on such an interface TCP IP will send RIP information individually to each configured RIP relay instead of broadcasting it However the RIP relay support has not been recently tested and is not believed to be reliable furthermore configuration saving does not save the RIP relay configuration On a non broadcast medium therefore it is preferable to use static manually configured routes 25 rip relays Syntax rip relays 7 34 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Description Displays the configured RIP relays See rip relay for information on RIP relays 26 rip send Syntax rip send all lt i f gt none lt version gt Description Controls which version or versions of RIP RIP version 1 RFC 1058 or RIP version 2 RFC 1723
93. oducts and documentation backed by excellent technical support Before contacting us please look in this chapter for a solution to your problem You may find a solution in this chapter If you cannot find a solution collect your configuration information listed below before contacting our technical support We can help you with your problem more effectively if you have completed the configuration information Model number Serial MAC number Firmware version PC configuration Network configuration Other A 8 Appendix Appendix C Glossary 10Base T IEEE 802 3 standard for the use of Ethernet LAN technology over unshielded twisted pair wiring running at 10M bps 100Base T IEEE 802 3u standard for the use of Ethernet LAN technology over unshielded twisted pair wiring running at 100M bps ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line Technology that delivers high speed data and voice connections over existing phone lines Up to 8 Mbits sec can be sent downstream and 640 Kbits sec upstream ANSI American National Standards Institute Devises and proposes recommendations for international communications standards ARP Address Resolution Protocol An Internet protocol used to bind an IP address to Ethernet 802 3 addresses ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 8 bit code for character representation ATM Asynchronous Transfer M ode Cell relay broadband technology for high speed transmission
94. of video audio data over LAN WAN making use of fixed size cells 53 byte cells Bridge A device that segments network traffic A bridge maintains a list of each segment s nodes and only traffic destined for a node on the Appendix A 9 adjacent segment is passed across the bridge A bridge operates at Layer 2 of the OSI reference model CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol A security protocol supported under Point to Point Protocol PPP used to prevent unauthorized access to devices and remote networks Uses encryption of password device names and random number generation Class A B and C networks The values assigned to the first few bits in an IP network address determine which class designation the network has In decimal notation Class A network addresses range from 1 X X X to 126 X X X Class B network addresses range from 128 1 X X to 191 254 X X and Class C addresses range from 192 0 1 X to 223 255 254 X Client An intelligent workstation that makes requests to other computers known as servers PC computers on a LAN can be clients Community strings Sequences of characters that serve much like passwords for devices using SNMP Different community strings may be used to allow an SN MP user to gather device information or change device configurations Console port Device used by the network administrator to configure and monitor the Modem The console port employs an RS232 interface Command Line
95. on Microsoft Family Logon faal Eile and Print Sharing Description TCP IP is the protocol you use to connect to the Internet and wide area networks OK Cancel 2 Click the Gateway tab and remove any installed gateways TCP IP Properties 12 x Bindings Advanced NeBios DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address The first gateway in the Installed Gateway list will be the default The address order in the list will be the order in which these machines are used 2 10 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 3 Click the DNS configuration tab and click thedisable DNS button TCP IP Properties 4 ForDHCP client Click the IP address tab and click the O btain an IP address automatically button TCP IP Properties Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 11 For Fixed IP or DHCP server Click the IP address tab and click the Specify an IP address button Then set IP Address and Subnet M ask to the same subnet as remote host Refer to Chapter 3 2 for example Click OK to save the new setting Click Yes when prompted for Do you want to restart your computer Your computer will restart to make the new setting in effects Now your computer is ready to access your Router via Ethernet network 2 12 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 4 Configuring the Router There is some setup required to g
96. onal Outgoing and incoming UNI signaling calls are identified by a BLLI value that identifies PPP Aside A BLLI of length 3 bytes is used hex values 6B 78 CO If the channel is already attached to an SVC or PVC then it is dosed and re opened with the new settings If it cannot it remains closed If a single argument none is supplied any current connection is torn down This is equivalent to pve none onthe channel The ip or mac indicates which form of data is transported over the connection one of IP data controlled by the IPCP protocol or MAC data for BCP If neither is provided ip is Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 49 assumed Providing an SVC setting unsets any PVC setting See the pve command Configuration saving saves this information By default a channel has no connection information Example gt ppp 3 SVC 47 00 83 01 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 20 2b 00 03 0b 00 gt ppp 4 svc listen listen for incoming call gt ppp 7 svc none tear down connection remove setting 19 lt channel gt theylogin Syntax lt channel gt theylogin pap chap none Description This command describes how we require the far end to log in on this channel Requiring the other end to log in most frequently happens when they dial us rather than the other way round so this is likely to be one of several channels which are set using svc listen Because of this exact names and passwords are not attached to indi
97. onfiguration IP address 192 168 102 3 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway None Local PC 1 configuration IP address 202 1 136 101 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 202 1 136 xxx The basic procedure to change the current setting is that you have to delete the existing configuration and reentering new configuration gt home gt dhcpclient config displays the current DHCP client configuration gt dhcpclient config flush deletes current DHCP client settings gt dhcpclient config confirm confirm the previous action gt config save save the new configuration gt dhcpclient config displays the current DHCP client configuration Should be empty 4 10 Advanced Configurations Now add the new settings for DHCP client gt ip device add Ethernet ether edd dhcp gt dhcpclient config add timeout 300 gt dhcpclient config add retry 2000 gt dhcpclient config add reboot 500 gt dhcpclient config add backoff cutoff 240 gt dhcpclient config add interface ethernet send dhcp client identifier xx xx xx 0cxx xx send dpch lease time 900 XX XX XX XX XX XX s the Ethernet M ac address of your xD SL Router gt dhcpclient config confirm confirm the new configuration gt config save save the new configuration gt restart after restart new configuration will take effect Advanced Configurations 4 11 4 5 PPTP Tunneling Configuration
98. or just a specified interface Example DSL gt ip disable viane DSL gt ip device type dev file IP address device ether ether nice mtu 1500 192 168 2 1 device vlane ether lane mtu 1500 192 168 55 1 DISABLED 5 enable Syntax enable lt i f gt mtu lt size gt lt IP address gt Description Enables all interfaces or just a specified interface Can also be used to set the MTU and IP address on an interface when enabling it or change them on an interface that is already enabled see the device command for details on these Configuration saving saves the MTU and IP addresses but not the disabled enabled state Example DSL gt ip enable viane 192 168 56 3 ip vlane IP address 192 168 56 3 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 25 DSL gt ip device type dev file IP address devic ther ether nice mtu 1500 192 168 2 1 device vlan ther lane mtu 1500 192 168 56 3 6 get Syntax get lt file gt Description Reads and executes commands from a file The commands in the file arein the same format as those documented in this chapter with no ip prefix They can contain comments introduced by the character The get command is hidden not shown by ip help Example DSL gt ip get isfs cmdfile 7 ipatm abort Syntax ipatm abort lt n gt Description Closes an P over ATM SVC the number lt n gt is as displayed by ipatm fil
99. other departments on the same subnet For clients which will be declared explicitly with host declarations these declarations can be enclosed ina group declaration along with the parameters which are common to that department For clients whose addresses will be dynamically assigned there is currently no way to group parameter assignments other than by network topology When a client is to be booted its boot parameters are determined by first consulting that client s host declaration if any then consulting the group declaration if any which enclosed that host declaration then consulting the subnet declaration for the subnet on which the client is booting then consulting the shared network declaration if any containing that subnet and finally consulting the top level parameters which may be specified outside of any declaration When DHCP tries to find a host declaration for a client it first looks for a host declaration which has a fixed address parameter which matches the subnet or shared network 8 6 DHCP Server Operation on which the client is booting If it doesn t find any such entry it then tries to find an entry which has no fixed address parameter If no such entry is found then DHCP acts as if thereis no entry in the dhcpd conf file for that client even if there is an entry for that client on a different subnet or shared network 8 4 2 D eclarations Subnet subnet subnet number netmask netmask parame
100. p you troubleshoot problems you may encounter while setting up and using the Modem It also describes some common hardware and software problems and gives some suggestions to troubleshoot them B 1 Diagnostics with the LEDs Most hardware problems can be diagnosed and solved by checking the LEDs on the front panel of your router If the POWER LED is dark Makesure the power cord is firmly plugged into the back panel of the router and the other end into an active AC wall or power strip outlet Makesure the power switch is turned on If the PC LED is dark Make sure your Ethernet cable is firmly plugged into the back panel of the router and the other end into your computer or HUB Make sure you using the correct Ethernet cable for your application Make sure your Ethernet board is installed properly in your system by ping the IP address of your PC Appendix A 5 B 2 Problems when configure the M odem via the console port Can t see any message from the configuration screen Make sure the cable connection from the Modems console port to the computer being used as a console is securely connected Makesuretheterminal emulation software is accessing the correct port on the computer that s being used as a console Make sure that flow control on serial connections is turned off Make sure the RS232 device attached to the console is configured as a DTE If not a crossover or null modem adapter is require
101. perly installed go to next section to install the TCP IP protocol Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 7 2 3 2 TCP IP installation Attention When install TCP IP protocol you need Windows CD ROM 1 In Network window click the Add button 2 Choosethe Protocol and click Add Select Network Component Type 3 In Select Network Protocol window choose M icrosoft in M anufacturers and TCP IP in Network Protocols Then click OK Select Network Protocol RA AN support for ATM Winsock2 ATM Service Provider 2 8 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 4 Confirm if the TCP IP protocol has been correctly setup with your Ethernet card Microsoft Family Logon Dial Up Adapter Realtek Haa PCI Ethernet NIC Microsoft Family Logon Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 9 2 3 3 TCP IP setting Attention When connecting your xD SL Router with existing LAN consult your network manager for correct configurations 1 In Network window double click the TCP IP service for the Ethernet card that installed in your computer for example TCP IP gt Realtek RTL8029 AS PCI Ethernet NIC Network 2 x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Microsoft Family Logon i Dial Up Adapter i Realtek RTL8029 AS PCI Ethermet NIC pter rence Fetes _ Primary Network Log
102. ple gt ip nat add mpoa J ipoa is the device name same as you configurein RFC 1483 example Remove NAT to RFC 1483 to above RFC 1483 Routing M ode example gt ip nat delete mpoa J Add NAT to RFC 1577 to above RFC 1577 Routing Mode example gt ip nat add ipoa J ipoa is the device name same as you configurein RFC 1577 example Remove NAT to RFC 1577 to above RFC 1577 Routing Mode example gt ip nat delete ipoa J Add NAT to RFC 2364 RFC2516 to above RFC 2364 RFC2516 Routing Mode example gt ip nat add ppp device J ppp_ device is the device name sameas you configurein RFC 2364 RFC2516 example Remove NAT to RFC 2364 RFC2516 to above RFC 2364 RFC2516 Routing Mode example gt ip nat delete ppp_device J 46 Advanced Configurations 4 3 Changing DHCP server configuration DHCP is used to acquire IP addresses and options such as the subnet mask DNS gateway etc automatically On the practical level acquiring these initialization parameters with DHCP translates into avoiding the more involved Router PC process reconfiguration of Router and or PC addresses in the same network System configuration FC e ey hene Port Ethernet Port 192 168 ESN 202 1 136 254 102 2 p 192 168 102 202 1 136 100 2 DSLAM NSP ISP DSLAM configuration IP address 192 168 102 3 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway None Local PC configuration IP addr
103. ption Set multi mode of ADSL link ADSL Router which supports A nnex A Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 55 available 7 mode glite Syntax mode glite Description Set G lite mode of ADSL link ADSL Router which supports A nnex A available 8 mode gdmt dbm Syntax mode gdmt dbm Description Set G dmt DBM mode of ADSL link ADSL Router which supports Annex C available 9 mode gdmt fbm Syntax mode gdmt fbm Description Set G dmt FDM mode of ADSL link ADSL Router which supports Annex C available 10 mode glite dbm Syntax mode glite dbm Description Set G lite DBM mode of ADSL link ADSL Router which supports Annex C available 11 mode glite fbm Syntax mode glite fbm Description Set G Lite FBM mode of ADSL link ADSL Router which supports Annex C available 12 mode cpe ab Syntax mode cpe ab 7 56 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Description Set SH DSL Router to be CPE which supports Annex A Annex B or auto detection 13 mode cpe a Syntax mode cpe a Description Set SH DSL Router to be CPE which supports Annex A 14 mode cpe b Syntax mode cpe b Description Set SH DSL Router to be CPE which supports Annex B 15 mode co ab Syntax mode co ab Description Set SH DSL Router to be CO side equipment which supports Annex A Annex B or auto detection 16 mode co a Syntax mode co a Description Set SH DSL Router to be CO side equipment
104. ption keyword followed by an option name followed by option data The option names and data formats are described below It is not necessary to exhaustively specify all DHCP options only those options which are needed by clients must be specified Option data comes in a variety of formats as follows The ip address data type can be entered either as an explicit IP address e g 239 254 197 10 or as a domain name e g haagen isc org When entering a domain name be sure that that domain name resolves to asingle IP address The int32 data type specifies a signed 32 bit integer The uint32 data type specifies an unsigned 32 bit integer The int16 and uint16 data types specify signed and unsigned 16 bit integers The int8 and uint8 data types specify signed and unsigned 8 bit integers Unsigned 8 bit integers are also sometimes referred to as octets The string data type specifies an NVT ASCII string which must be enclosed in double quotes for example to specify a domain name option the syntax would be option domain name isc org The flag data type specifies a Boolean value Booleans may take the value 1 true or 0 false The data string data type specifies either an NVT ASCII string enclosed in double quotes or a series of octets specified in hexadecimal separated by colons For example option client identifier CLIENT FOO option client identifier 43 4c 49 45 54 2d 46 4f 4f The documentation for the various options mentioned be
105. r learning states and is used when the bridge is or is attempting to become the root bridge The forward delay time may be any value between 4 and 30 but it is also constrained by the maximum age and hello times The forward delay time may also by changed by SNMP command The maxage hellotime and forwarddelay times are constrained as follows 7 12 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 2 x forwarddelay 1 2maxage maxage 22 x hellotime 1 Configuration saving saves this information By default the forward delay time is set to 15 seconds Example DSL bridge gt spanning forwarddelay 10 Sets the forwarding delay to 10 seconds 11 spanning hellotime Syntax spanning hellotime lt time gt Description Reads or sets the timein seconds after which the spanning tree process sends notification of topology changes to the root bridge and is used when the bridge is or is attempting to become the root bridge The hello time may be any value between 1 and 10 and is also constrained by the forwarddelay and maxage times The hello time may also be changed by SNMP command Configuration saving saves this information By default the hello time is set to 2 seconds Example DSL bridge gt spanning hellotime 5 Sets the hello time to 5 seconds 12 spanning maxage Syntax spanning maxage lt time gt Description Reads or sets the maximum age of received spanning tree protocol information before it is discarded a
106. ration only marks the interface as using DHCP it does not save the actual IP address discovered by DHCP which must be renewed Example DSL gt ip device add ethernet ether edd dhcp DHCP then discovers the IP address for the interface DSL gt ip device type dev file IP address devic thernet ether edd mtu 1500 dhcp Commands for IP process 7 20 Command Sets for Command Line Interface 1 arp Syntax arp add lt i f gt lt IP address gt lt MAC address gt arp delete lt i f gt lt IP address gt arp flush arp list arp help all lt cmd gt Description Allows display and manipulation of the ARP table the list of IP addresses and corresponding MAC addresses obtained by ARP on Ethernet like interfaces Normally there is no need to add entries to the table with arp add sincethey should be discovered by the ARP protocol Displaying the table with arp list or just arp is sometimes useful and deleting an entry with arp delete or the wholetable with arp flush can sometimes speed up recovery from temporary problems if something unusual has happened Entries added with arp add do not time out like those discovered by use of the ARP protocol but they are deleted by arp flush and will not survive a restart they are not saved by configuration saving Note that the A RP table is used only for destinations on directly connected Ethernet like networks no
107. re given starting from 1 If no arguments are given the current settings for each port are displayed Example 1 DSL bridge gt portfilter DSL bridge gt portfilter Example 2 DSL bridge gt portfilter 2 all DSL bridge gt portfilter 3 all WN Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 11 8 status Syntax Status Description This command shows the status of the bridge and its ports The status information for a port includes the SNMP type information about time exceeded packets packets discarded etc It also includes the broadcast history of the port over the last five seconds and the high water mark of packets queued on the bridge for this device Example DSL bridge gt status 9 spanning disable enable Syntax spanning disable spanning enable Description When spanning tree operation is disabled the bridge operates in transparent mode and all bridge ports are set to the forwarding state When spanning tree operation is enabled the state of the bridge s ports is controlled by the spanning tree process The status command reports the state of the spanning tree process Configuration saving saves this information By default soanning tree operation is enabled Example DSL bridge gt spanning disable DSL bridge gt spanning enable 10 spanning forwarddelay Syntax spanning forwarddelay lt time gt Description Reads or sets the timein seconds in which the bridge remains in the listening o
108. red but are not yet in effect Other commands apply only to the devices in effect rather than to those configured when adding a device for example one may need to issue the device add command then the config save and reboot then issue any other configuration commands that depend on the existence of the device and then config save again lt i f gt is an arbitrary label for the interface which is used in referring to it in subsequent commands It is often chosen to be the same as lt t ype gt though this is perhaps slightly confusing lt type gt specifies the class of interface Ethernet like P over ATM or loopback For an Ethernet like or IP over ATM interface lt file gt specifies the file name that will be opened to access the underlying device For a loopback interface lt file gt is not used and can just be specified as or omitted altogether Several different values of lt t ype gt specify the same class of interface they differ in that each implies a different default value for lt file gt Asa result for the most common interface configurations lt file gt can be omitted and one need only specify the appropriate value of lt t ype gt The supported values for lt type gt are a Class lt type gt Default file Ethernet ether nice or ethernet or Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 23 edd vlane
109. ress ip address This option specifies a list of static routes that the client should install in its routing cache If multiple routes to the same destination are specified they are listed in descending order of priority The routes consist of a list of IP address pairs The first address is the destination address and the second address is the router for the destination The default route 0 0 0 0 is an illegal destination for a static route To specify the default route use the routers option option trailer encapsulation flag This option specifies whether or not the client should negotiate the use of trailers RFC 893 14 when using the ARP protocol A value of O indicates that the client should not attempt to use trailers A value of 1 means that the client should attempt to use trailers 8 16 DHCP Server Operation option arp cache timeout uint32 This option specifies the timeout in seconds for ARP cache entries option ieee802 3 encapsulation flag This option specifies whether or not the client should use Ethernet Version 2 RFC 894 or IEEE 802 3 RFC 1042 encapsulation if the interface is an Ethernet A value of 0 indicates that the client should use RFC 894 encapsulation A value of 1 means that the client should use RFC 1042 encapsulation option default tcp ttl uints This option specifies the default TTL that the client should use when sending TCP segments The minimum valueis 1 option tcp keepaliveinte
110. rk You can update the on board flash memory after you booting the new firmware from the Ethernet network by issue the following commands gt home J gt flashfs rewrite boot bin J this command is available for update boot code only gt flashfs update J gt flashfs ls dJ You should see some messages about the file name and file sizes that stored in the Router If you get no flash content something went wrong Managing the xDSL Router 5 3 5 3 SNM P The xDSL Router provides SNMP agent support standard MIBs SN MP is also used internally for configuration of the router The active SN MP agent within the Router accepts SNMP requests for status statistics and configuration updates Communication with the SNMP agent occurs over the LAN or WAN connection Any management application using SNMP over UDP IP User Datagram Protocol Internet Protocol has access to the local SNMP agent The following MIBs are supported MIB II RFC 1213 Bridge MIB RFC 1493 PPP LCP MIB RFC 1471 PPP Security MIB RFC 1472 PPP IP MIB RFC 1473 PPP Bridge MIB RFC 1474 5 4 M anaging the xDSL Router xDSL Link Performance Statistics 61 Chapter6 xDSL Link Performance Statistics To see the xDSL link performance statistics you can use the serial console port or the Ethernet interface to access the command line interface After power up wait till xD SL LED glows steadily This condition
111. rk hardware address supplied by the client BOOTP clients do not normally providea dhcp client identifier so the hardware address must be used for all clients that may boot using the BOOTP protocol Group group parameters declarations The group statement is used simply to apply one or more parameters to a group of declarations It can be used to group hosts shared networks subnets or even other groups 8 4 3 ALLOW and DENY The allow and deny statements can be used to control the behaviour of the DHCP server in response to various sorts of requests unknown clients allow unknown clients 88 DHCP Server Operation deny unknown clients The unknown clients flag is used to tell the DHCP server whether or not to dynamically assign addresses to unknown clients Dynamic address assignment to unknown clients is allowed by default bootp allow bootp deny bootp The bootp flag is used to tell the DHCP server whether or not to respond to BOOTP queries BOOTP queries are allowed by default booting allow booting deny booting The booting flag is used to inform the DHCP server whether or not to respond to queries from a particular client This keyword only has meaning when it appears in a host declaration By default booting is allowed but if it is disabled for a particular client then that client will not be able to get and address from the DHCP server 8 4 4 Parameters default lease time default l
112. rmation to your telephone company If your telephone equipment causes harm to the telephone network the Telephone Company may discontinue your service temporarily If possible they will notify in advance But if advance notice isn t practical you will be notified as soon as possible You will be informed of your right to filea complaint with the FCC Your telephone company may make changes in its facilities equipment operations or procedures that could affect proper operation of your equipment If they do you will be notified in advance to give you an opportunity to maintain uninterrupted telephone service The FCC prohibits this equipment to be connected to party lines or coin telephone service In the event that this equipment should fail to operate properly disconnect the equipment from the phone line to determine if it is causing the problem If the problem is with the equipment discontinue use and contact your dealer or vendor Appendix A 17 D 2DOC compliance information NOTICE The Canadian Department of Communications label identifies certified equipment This certification means that the equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective operational and safety requirements The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user s satisfaction Before installing this equipment users ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local Telecommunications
113. rs have been received by the time the select timeout has expired the client will accept the first offer that DHCP Client Configuration 9 3 arrives By default the select timeout is zero seconds that is the client will take the first offer it sees 9 1 4 Reboot reboot time When the client is restarted it first tries to reacquire the last address it had This is called the INIT REBOOT state If it is still attached to the same network it was attached to when it last ran this is the quickest way to get started The reboot statement sets the time that must elapse after the client first tries to reacquire its old address before it gives up and tries to discover anew address By default the reboot timeout is ten seconds 9 1 5 Backoff cutoff backoff cutoff time The client uses an exponential backoff algorithm with some randomness so that if many clients try to configure themselves at the same time they will not make their requests in lockstep The backoff cutoff statement determines the maximum amount of time that the client is allowed to back off The backoff cutoff time defaults to two minutes 9 1 6 Initial interval initial interval time The initial interval statement sets the amount of time between the first attempt to reach a server and the second attempt to reach a server Each time a message is sent the interval between messages is incremented by twice the current interval multiplied by a random number between
114. rval uint32 This option specifies the interval in seconds that the client TCP should wait before sending a keep alive message on a TCP connection The time is specified as a 32 bit unsigned integer A value of zero indicates that the client should not generate keep alive messages on connections unless specifically requested by an application option tcp keepalive garbage flag This option specifies the whether or not the client should send TCP keep alive messages with a octet of garbage for compatibility with older implementations A value of 0 indicates that a garbage octet should not be sent A value of 1 indicates that a garbage octet should be sent option nis domain string This option specifies the name of the client s NIS Sun Network Information Services domain The domain is formatted as a character string consisting of characters from the NVT ASCII character set option nis servers ip address ip address This option specifies a list of IP addresses indicating N IS servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option ntp servers ip address ip address This option specifies a list of IP addresses indicating NTP RFC 1035 servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of DHCP Server Operation 8 17 preference option netbios name servers ip address ip address The NetBIOS name server N BNS option specifies a list of RFC 1001 1002
115. ry notation each bit written as 1 corresponds to 1 bit of network address information One subnet mask applies to all IP devices on an individual IP network RS 232 EIA standard specifying the physical layer interface used to connect a device to communications media SNMP Simple N etwork Management Protocol A widely implemented Internet network management protocol that allows status monitoring getting setting of parameters for configuration and control of network devices such as routers and bridges A 14 Appendix TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol An open network standard that defines how devices from different manufacturers communicate with each other over one or more interconnected networks TCP IP protocols are the foundation of the Internet a worldwide network of networks connecting businesses governments researchers and educators TCP provides a connection oriented transport layer ensuring end to end reliability in data transmission IP provides for network layer connectivity using connectionless datagrams TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol A protocol used to transfer files between IP nodes TFTP is often used to transfer firmware and configuration information from a UNIX computer acting as a TFTP server to an IP networking device TELNET Internet standard protocol for remote terminal emulation that allows a user to remotely log in to another device and appear as if directly connected
116. s during operation Following table shows the xDSL Router status LEDs and identifies what each LED light means Function Behavior Definition POWER TX RX Dark Power off Light Flashing Flashing slowly Power on Transmitting Receiving data to from XDSL link XDSL training in progress Light XDSL link is establish and ready to transfer data Ethernet link absent or power off Ethernet link present Introduction 1 9 1 6 Rear Panel The rear panel of the xDSL Router consist of power jack Console Port connector Ethernet connect and xDSL link jack which they means as below Function Definition xDSL XDSL jack connect to DSL line from TelCo 10Base T or 10 100Base T Console DC OV or DC12V Ethernet interface connect to PC or HUB for LAN This is RS232C interface and use to management xDSL Router The power jack connects to Adaptor from wall outlet The rear panel of the xDSL Router which including 4 port stackable switch hub consist of power jack Console Port connector Ethernet connects and XDSL link jack which they means as below Function Definition xDSL jack connect to xDSL line from TelCo This is HUB feature cascade to another H UB for expand LAN L1 L4 Ethernet Ports Portl to Port4 Console DC 9V This is RS232C interface and use to management xDSL Router The power jack connects to Adaptor from wall outlet
117. saving saves this information By default channels are 7 48 Command Sets for Command Line Interface established UBR Example gt ppp 3 qos cbr per 10000 Set channel 3 to be CBR limited at 10000 cells sec 17 lt channel gt remoteip Syntax lt channel gt remoteip lt ipaddress gt Description If a PPP link is established using IPCP this call causes the channel to provide the given IP address to the remote end of the connection PPP will refuse to complete the connection if the other end will not accept this This is normally used for channels on which the remote party dials in to allocate the IP address to that remote party Call with no argument to find the current setting Call with 0 0 0 0 to remove any setting This is the default state Configuration saving saves this information 18 lt channel gt svc Syntax lt channel gt svc listen ip mac lt channel gt svc addr lt addr gt ip mac lt channel gt svc none Description Specify that the VC for a PPP channel should bean SVC i e created by signaling This can either be by listening for an incoming call or by making an outgoing call to a specified ATM address The outgoing call or listen occurs immediately If the call fails it will be retried after a few seconds In the PPP state machine providing a connection of this form causes the channel to be up or down Note that enable must also be used to allow the link to become operati
118. secsseseteeseees 7 18 Commands for IP Process ooo cecsesecsesecseseeseeseceeceassareeeaes 7 20 Commands for NAT Process ooo cesesecseceeseceeceeceeceeeereeee 7 38 Commands for PPP process 3 ho sk co ee aoa 7 42 Commands for SNMP process ooo esesesseseesessesteseaseareeeaes 7 52 Commands for DSL Process ooo cesesecseceeseseeseeceeceseeseees 7 54 Chapter 8 DHCP Server Operation ooo 8 1 8 1 DHCP Server OVEV W os iE ee es 8 1 8 2 DHCP Server Configuration 255 sccsdevietinteenseesivneies 8 2 8 4 Configuration reference guide ooo eeeseseseseseseseseseeenenens 8 4 Chapter 9 DHCP Client Configuration 9 1 9 1 Protocol TIMIN as betsth dat ta cdhate leat Msc teatlan ti eli 92 9 2 Lease requirements and requests ooo cecsessssseseeseeesesseeees 93 9 3 Other dedarations oi oie d ee ae aire 94 9 4 DHCP OU OIG ani crea tics star suincnctvnnnsecndiubetalatuetids 95 Appendix A Product Specifications 2 A 1 Appendix B Troubleshooting cece A 4 Appendix C GIOSSAIY iinei A 8 Appendix D Government Compliance Notices A 16 Introduction 1 1 Chapter1 Introduction 1 1 Overview This xDSL Router features two broadband technologies such as ADSL and SHDSL Multi modeA DSL technology that provides a downstream rate of up to 8M bps over existing copper wire lines which is more than 100 times faster than a traditional 56K analog modem SH DSL technology that provides a symmetric upstream and downstream rate of up to 2 3M bps o
119. server In this case the hardware address of the card upon which DHCP is running must be sent to the server as the client identifier Otherwise it is recommended that every DHCP client has at least a unique identifier this can bea MAC address or a text string such as ahostname otherwise the DHCP server may not function optimally 98 DHCP Client Configuration Appendix A 1 AppendixA Product Specifications PC interface 10Base T or 10 100Base T Ethernet through RJ 45 connector or 10 100Base T Ethernet 4 port Stackable Switch Hub xDSL interface xDSL line through RJ 11 connector Console Port RS 232 interface Standard Compliance ADSL ANSI T1 413 issue2 ITU T G 992 1 Full rate DMT ITU T G 992 2 Lite DMT ITU T G 994 1 G hs SH DSL ANSI T1E1 4 HDSL2 ITU T G 991 2 G shdsl ITU T G 994 1 G hs RFC 1483 BPDU Bridge Ethernet over ATM PVC LLC SNAP RFC 1483 RPDU Routed IP over ATM PVC LLC SNAP RFC 1577 Classic IP over ATM MTU 1500 RFC 2364 PPP over ATM A 2 Data rates Connect Distance Supported OS Power Consumption Product certification Physical Dimension Appendix ATM Forum INU 3 0 3 1 and 4 0 signaling ATM Forum ILMI 4 0 ATM Forum LANE 1 0 dient MTU 1516 over SVC only ATM supports AAL5 AAL3 4and AALO ATM Traffic shaping supports CBR and UBR OAM F4and F5 segment end to end loopback are supported F4 on all VPIs F5 on VIP 0 only
120. server or specify an IP address and Subnet M ask to the same subnet as remote host The following steps provides the instructions to setup your computer to obtain an IP address by using Windows 95 98 on a PC 2 3 1 Check TCP IP protocol To check if TCP IP is properly installed please proceed to the following steps 1 Doubleclick on M y computer gt C ontrol Panel gt N etwork E Control Panel o x File Edt View Go Favorites Help l fd er sf Back Forward Up Cut Copy Paste Undo Delete Address 2 Control Panel z Ter a Fonts Game Internet Keyboard Modems Co ntro l Controllers Options Panel TA Use the settings in Multimedia amp Data D Control Panel to Sources 32bit ba E personalize your je usas Select an item to view its description PC Card Power Printers Regional Sounds PCMCIA Management Settings ha l EJ My Computer Z 2 6 Installing and Configuring your xDSL Router 2 In Network window check if TCP IP is shown and properly setup for the Ethernet card that installed in your computer for example TCP IP gt Realtek RTL8029 A S PCI Ethernet NIC E Microsoft Family Logon Dial Up Adapter pi Realtek ATL8029A herme RE_ICP IP gt Realtek RTL8029 45 PCI Ethernet NIC HEMOYE HOpEtIES Microsoft Family Logon 3 When TCP IP has properly installed please proceed to 2 3 3 TCP IP Setting 4 When TCP IP has not pro
121. should not normally require any configuration Learning occurs in this direction only Setting hdic to 0 clears this learned state Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 45 Configuration saving does not save the learned state 9 lt channel gt info Syntax lt channel gt info all Description Provide information about the current settings of this channel This includes all configured state and also current protocol information Specifying a11 prints out more information info and status are synonyms 10 lt channel gt interface Syntax lt channel gt interface lt n gt Description Logically associate the specified channel with the specified interface Interface 1 is always the router port It should be used for any PPP channel over which IPCP communication with the local system s IP router is desired Other interfaces can be created for bridging A single PPP channel can only be associated with a single interface or a single tunnel Use info to find the current setting Calling with n 0 removes any association This is the default state Configuration saving saves this information 11 lt channel gt Icpmaxconfigure Syntax lt channel gt lcpmaxconfigure lt n gt Description Set the M ax Configure parameter for LCP This is the maximum number of Configure Requests that will be sent without reply before assuming that the peer is unable to respond Call with no argument to find the curre
122. ss and the time that it decides that it is not going to be able to contact a server By default this timeout is sixty seconds After the timeout has passed if there are any static leases defined in the configuration file or any leases remaining in the lease database that have not yet expired the client will loop through these leases attempting to validate them and if it finds one that appears to be valid it will use that lease s address If there are no valid static leases or unexpired leases in the lease database the client will restart the protocol after the defined retry interval 9 1 2 Retry retry time The retry statement determines the time that must pass after the client has determined that there is no DHCP server present before it tries again to contact a DHCP server By default this is five minutes 9 1 3 Select timeout select timeout time It is possible some might say desirable for there to be more than one DHCP server serving any given network In this case it is possible that a client may be sent more than one offer in response to its initial lease discovery message It may be that one of these offers is preferable to the other e g one offer may have the address the client previously used and the other may not The select timeout is the time after the client sends its first lease discovery request at which it stops waiting for offers from servers assuming that it has received at least one such offer If no offe
123. t together or saves it to flash memory Example DSL gt snmp config access read public access write xyzzy 192 168 4 73 trap add public 192 168 4 73 162 3 trap Syntax trap add lt community gt lt IP addr gt lt port gt trap delete lt community gt lt IP addr gt lt port gt trap flush trap list Description Manipulates the list of destinations to which SN MP traps will be sent The default UDP port to send traps to is 162 but it may be overridden by specifying lt port gt Configuration saving saves the list of trap destinations Example DSL gt snmp trap flush DSL gt snmp trap add public 192 168 4 73 DSL gt snmp trap add public 192 168 4 74 999 DSL gt snmp trap list trap add public 192 168 4 73 162 trap add public 192 168 4 74 999 7 54 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Commands for DSL process 1 show rate Syntax Show rate Description This command displays the channel data of the xDSL link It will not return any message if xDSL link is not established yet 2 show defect Syntax show defect Description This command displays the defects data of the xDSL link It will not return any message if xDSL link is not established yet 3 down Syntax down Description Disable xDSL link 4 up Syntax up Description Enables xDSL link 5 mode Syntax mode Description This command displays the current mode of the xDSL link 6 mode multi Syntax mode multi Descri
124. t are primarily intended for experienced users and network administrators to perform network management and more complex configurations 4 2 Advanced Configurations 4 1 Add NAT to Classic IP PPP over ATM or PPP over Ethernet NAT isan IP address conversion feature that translates a PC s local internal address into a temporary global outside Internet IP address NAT is needed when aPC or several PCs on a Local Area Network wants to connect to the outside Internet to get to a remote network NAT swaps the local IP address to a global IP address Our version of NAT goes one step further by allowing several PCs to share one single IP address to the Internet thus reducing connection costs In effect it allows a whole LAN to connect to the Internet as a single user System configuration onsale 0 008as T Ethernet Port 202 1 136 101 d my a 202 1 136 108 DSLAM NSP ISP DSLAM configuration IP address 192 168 102 3 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway None Local PC 1 configuration IP address 202 1 136 101 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 202 1 136 254 Local PC 8 configuration IP address 202 1 136 108 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 202 1 136 254 Advanced Configurations 4 3 The following command tell you how to adding a Network Address Translation protocol to the Classic P RFC1577 or PPP over ATM RFC2364 or PPP over Ethernet RFC
125. t for those reached through routers although the ARP table may be used to discover the MAC address of the router Example DSL gt ip arp add ether 192 168 50 1 8 0 20 19 9A D9 DSL gt ip arp arp add flane 192 168 2 63 00 20 2b e0 03 87 8m58s arp add flane 192 168 2 109 00 20 2b 03 08 b1l 2m24s arp add ether 192 168 50 1 08 00 20 19 9a d9 forever arp add ether 192 168 50 57 00 20 af 2e fa 3c 3m25s DSL gt ip arp delete flane 192 168 2 109 DSL gt ip arp list arp add flane 192 168 2 63 00 20 2b e0 03 87 8m46s arp add ether 192 168 50 1 08 00 20 19 9a d9 forever arp add ether 192 168 50 57 00 20 af 2e fa 3c 3m13s DSL gt ip arp flush DSL gt ip arp flane ARP table is empty ether ARP table is empty DSL gt ip arp arp add flane 192 168 2 108 00 20 2b 03 0a 72 10m58s ether ARP table is empty The last example shows that the MAC address for 192 168 2 108 has Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 21 been automatically added again having been discovered by means of the ARP protocol 2 config Syntax config save Description Displays the IP configuration not including the snmp configuration or saves it in flash memory The functionality of the config command is also accessible in the standard way through the config process e g config print ip if that process is present H owever when accessed through the config process the snmp configuration
126. t timeout 30 Support for incoming fragments enabled Support for outgoing fragments enabled Session timeouts ICMP query 10 UDP 30 TCP established 300 TCP other 15 Initial port number 10000 5 nat protocol Syntax nat protocols Description Thenat protocols command lists the application level gateways ALGs provided in the current image in order to support particular higher level protocols and the port or ports which each ALG monitors Example gt nat protocols Name Port IP protocol ftp 21 tcp 6 nat sessions Syntax nat sessions lt i f gt all summary Description Thenat sessions command displays a list of currently active NAT sessions on the interface lt i gt In this context a session is a pair of source IP addresses and port numbers and corresponding new port number that NAT regards as one side of an active connection For each TCP or UDP session active the source and destination IP address and port number and the local port number and the age of the session are printed The all option causes the sessions command to print out information on every session including sessions which have timed out Normally the sessions command only shows active sessions those which have not timed out The summary command does not Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 41 show detailed information on each session but only prints out the total number of active timed out and
127. ted to alert the user to this fact quiet is a special option which should not normally be issued at the console and causes this warning to be suppressed The quiet option is automatically added by NAT to when writing its configuration to flash this is because when a system boots the NAT process reads in these rules before IP has registered any interfaces nat inbound list shows the current rules for inbound traffic including all the arguments passed to thenat inbound add command nat inbound delete removes a rule where lt gt is the rule number as shown by thenat inbound list command nat inbound flush removes all the rules Example nat inbound add ppp_device 80 TCP 192 168 219 38 nat inbound list Interface Port Proto New IP address ppp_device 80 tcp 192 168 219 38 11483 21 tcp 192 168 219 40 nat inbound delete 2 VNrFRF V V 4 nat info Syntax nat info Description This command displays the values of various parameters which are defined in the module file for example the session table size and the session timeouts NAT s current memory usage is also displayed Example gt nat info Interface table size 1 116 bytes Session table size per interface 128 6656 bytes Total 6656 bytes 7 40 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Hash table size per interface 128 512 bytes Total 512 bytes Fragment table size per interface 32 640 bytes Total 640 bytes Max queued buffers 16 Fragmen
128. ters declarations The subnet statement is used to provide the DHCP server with enough information to determine whether or not an IP address is on that subnet It may also be used to provide subnet specific parameters and to specify what addresses may be dynamically allocated to clients booting on that subnet Such addresses are specified using the range declaration subnet number should be an IP address which resolves to the subnet number of the subnet being described The netmask should be an IP address which resolves to the subnet mask of the subnet being described The subnet number together with the subnet mask are sufficient to determine whether any given IP address is on the specified subnet Although a subnet mask must be given with every subnet declaration itis recommended that if there is any variance in subnet masks at a site a subnet mask option statement be used in each subnet declaration to set the desired subnet mask any subnet mask option statement will override the subnet mask declared in the subnet statement Range range dynamic bootp low address high address For any subnet on which addresses will be assigned dynamically there must be at least one range statement The range statement gives the lowest and highest IP addresses in arange All IP addresses in the range should be in the subnet in which the range statement is declared The dynamic bootp flag may be specified if addresses in the specified range may
129. ting system as an Ethernet like device like other Ethernet devices It also provides an ifEntry to SNMP providing basic information about traffic through the interface This command shows the basic information about byte and packet traffic through the interface in SNMP terms 24 user Syntax user add lt name gt pwd lt passwd gt pap chap user lt name gt user delete lt name gt all Description This command stores information about a particular login name password combination This is referred to as a user regardless of whether it reoresents an individual When user is called on its own information about all existing users is listed When user lt name gt is called with no further arguments details of that user alone are printed Passwords are not shown Useuser delete to ddetean individual user by name or to delete all users Useuser add lt name gt to create a new user or update an existing one The password is stored and the authentication protocol which must be used for this user If auser is deleted or changed existing sessions are not affected Configuration saving saves this information 7 52 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Commands for SN MP configuration 1 access Syntax access read write lt community gt lt IP addr gt access delete lt community gt lt IP addr gt access flush access list Description The read and write options configure a commu
130. tions If clients on a subnet are to be assigned addresses dynamically a range declaration must appear within the subnet declaration For clients with statically assigned addresses or for installations where only known clients will be served each such client must havea host declaration If parameters are to be applied to a group of declarations which are not related strictly on a per subnet basis the group declaration can be used For every subnet which will be served and for every subnet to which the DHCP server is connected there must be one subnet declaration which informs DHCP of the addresses present on that subnet A subnet declaration is required for each subnet even if no addresses will be dynamically allocated on that subnet Some installations have physical networks on which more than one IP subnet operates For example if there is a site wide requirement that 8 bit subnet masks be used but a department with a single physical ethernet network expands to the point where it has more than 254 nodes it may be necessary to run two 8 bit subnets on the same ethernet until such time as a new physical network can be added In this case the subnet declarations for these two networks may be enclosed in a shared network declaration Some sites may have departments which have clients on more than one subnet but it may be desirable to offer those clients a uniform set of parameters which are different than what would be offered to clients from
131. ver config Syntax dhcpserver config add lt text gt confirm delete flush Description This command displays or edits the current configuration of the DHCP server To display current configuration provide no arguments to the command Use of the add argument adds the line lt text gt to the configuration file Use of the confirm argument reparses the configuration file confirming the changes made if the parse is successful Use of the delete argument deletes the last line from the configuration file Use of the flush argument deletes the whole configuration Following any change to the configuration file it is necessary to confirm the changes issue a flashfs update to commit the change to FLASH and then restart the system before the changes can take effect Example DSL gt dhepserver config Current DHCP server configuration allow unknown clients allow bootp subnet 192 168 219 0 netmask 255 255 255 0 range 192 168 219 10 192 168 219 30 max lease time 5000 DSL gt dhcpserver config flush Configuration file flushed DSL gt dhepserver config Current DHCP server configuration Issue dhcpserver config confirm followed by flashfs update to confirm new configuration DSL gt Command Sets for Command Line Interface 2 dhcpserver status Syntax dhecpserver status Description 7 17 This command provides a summary of all leases known to the server
132. ver existing copper wire lines And it can be connected to your PC or LAN through the 10Base T or 100Base T Ethernet interface This xDSL Router is designed to meet both the needs of single user and multiple users at small office and home office who want fast Internet access A wide variety of features and interoperability offer scalability and flexibility for all the applications 12 Introduction 1 2 Features and Compatibility This H eritage series Router provides the following features Multi modeA DSL technology supports ITU T G dmt G lite G hs and ANSI T1 413 issue 2 to provide interoperability with most of DSLAM equipments SH DSL technology supports ITU T G shdsl G hs and ANSI T1E1 4 to provide interoperability with most of DSLAM equipments ATM Asynchronous Transfer M ode protocol allows the QoS Quality of Service transmission over a network Support for text based and Windows GUI based console management over Telnet and serial connection Support for remote configuration by your network administrator via IP network Support IEEE 802 1d transparent bridging with spanning tree algorithm Bridge filtering allows anetwork administrator to control the flow of packets across the router NAT let multiple users on the LAN share one Internet connection simultaneously SNMP agent allows monitoring and configuration by a standard SNMP manager BOOTP TFTP enable the remote configuration DHCP client let an
133. vice add Ethernet ether edd 202 1 136 254 J This is theIP of Ethernet port of xDSL Router gt ip device add ppp device ether ppp DEVICE 1 J gt config save gt restart gt ppp 1 pve 0 32 J Set channel 1 to VPI 0 V Cl 32 gt ppp 1 welogin lt name gt lt password gt J This is the login name and password of PPP server gt ppp 1 enable 3 10 Basic Configurations config save restart ip relay all 4 config save restart e Remote bridging over PPPoA gt vvyv vvvyv bridge device add edd J bridge device add ppp DEVICE 2 J config save restart ppp 1 pvc 32 mac J ppp 1 interface 2 J ppp 1 enable J restart The RFC 2364 configuration also can be removed by following procedure Please ensure to remove the RFC 2364 configuration before set the xDSL Router to other configuration e P dial out over PPPoA gt gt gt vVvvVVYv vv ip device flush config save restart ppp 1 pvc none ppp 1 welogin none ppp 1 interface 0 J ppp 1 disable J restart ip norelay 4J config save restart Basic Configurations Remote bridging over PPPoA gt gt gt vvvyYv config reset bridge config save restart ppp 1 pvc none J ppp 1 interface 0 J ppp 1 disable restart 3 11 3 12 Basic Configurations Basic Configurations 3 13 3 6 PPP Over Ethernet RFC 2516 System configuration po oeo
134. vidual channels but are matched to particular users as defined using the user Command This command specifies that when using this channel the user must log on using the specified protocol and that they must provide any name password combination which has been defined for that protocol using the user command To remove this information on achann call theylogin with a single argument of none Configuration saving saves this information By default no login is required 20 lt channel gt welogin Syntax lt channel gt welogin lt name gt lt password gt pap chap lt channel gt welogin none Description This command describes how we should log in to the far end when a connection is established A name and password are supplied and whether these should be used with the PAP or CHAP authentication protocol CHAP is the default To remove this information on a channel call welogin witha single argument of none If chap is specified we will also log in using pap If the other end prefers this If pap is specified we will only log in using pap 7 50 Command Sets for Command Line Interface Configuration saving saves this information By default no login is performed 21 bcp Syntax bcp stp nostp Description This command describes parameters for BCP the Bridge Control Protocol which is used to transport MAC Ethernet packets over the PPP link See the protocol conformance section of this spec for BCP option
135. ween computer network nodes It defines how packets of information are exchanged between computers or network nodes connect viaa point to point connection as opposed to multipoint or broadcast Includes standardization for security and compression negotiation PVC Permanent Virtual Circuit Dedicated connection between end stations The PVC is made up of 2 parts the VPI and the VCI Ina PVC number of 0 32 O represents the Virtual Path Identifier VPI and 32 represents the Virtual Circuit Identifier VCI RFC 1483 Protocol that encapsulates ATM cells into logical data link frames RFC Request for Comment A series of documents used to exchange information and standards about the Internet RIP Routing Information Protocol A protocol used for the transmission of IP routing information RJ 11 A telephone industry standard connector type usually containing four pins RJ 45 A telephone industry standard connector type usually containing eight pins Routing A network layer function that determines the path for transmitting packets through a network from source to destination Router A device that supports network communications A router can connect identical network types However unless a gateway is available a common protocol such as TCP IP must be used over both networks Routers may be equipped to provide WAN line support to the LAN devices they serve They may also provide various management and monitoring functions
136. which supports Annex A 17 mode co b Syntax mode co b Description Set SH DSL Router to be CO side equipment which supports Annex B 18 show error Syntax show error Description Command Sets for Command Line Interface 7 57 This command displays the line data of the xDSL link It will not return any message if xDSL link is not established yet 19 show perf Syntax show perf Description This command displays the performance counters data of the xDSL link It will not return any message if xDSL link is not established yet 20 show id Syntax show id Description This command displays the vendor id of local equipment and remote equipment It will not return any message if xDSL link is not established yet 7 58 Command Sets for Command Line Interface DHCP Server Operation 81 Chapter8 DHCP Server O peration 8 1 DHCP Server overview This section describes the general operation of the DHCP server The DHCP protocol allows a host which is unknown to the network administrator to be automatically assigned a new IP address out of a pool of IP addresses for its network In order for this to work the network administrator allocates address pools for each available subnet and enters them into the dhcpd conf file On startup the DHCP server software reads the dhcpd conf file and stores a list of available addresses on each subnet When a client requests an address using the DH
137. y to six Saturday YYYY is the year including the century MM is the month expressed as a number from 1 to 12 DD is the day of the month counting from 1 HH isthe hour from Zero to 23 MM is the minute and SS is the second The time is assumed to be in Greenwich Mean Time GMT not local time If the system upon which DHCP will be operating does not support a real time clock then care should be taken to specify a date which is 1 January 1970 i e start of UNIX time offset by the required BOOTP lease duration Clients and server s must agree on a common time and date even if just from start of UNIX time otherwise this will not work correctly If clients and servers cannot be guaranteed to share a common notion of time and date use dynamicbootp lease length instead dynamic bootp lease length dynamic bootp lease length length The dynamic bootp lease length statement is used to set the length of leases dynamically assigned to BOOTP clients At some sites it may be possible to assume that a lease is no longer in use if its holder has not used BOOTP or DHCP to get its address within a certain time period The period is specified in length as anumber of seconds If a client reboots using BOOTP during the timeout period the lease duration is reset to length so a BOOTP client that boots frequently enough will never lose its lease N eedless to say this parameter should be adjusted with extreme caution use host decl names use host d
138. y that interface 8 4 5 O ption statements The DHCP server can supply values for all options given in RFC2132 including those which the DHCP client cannot use for configuration this is to allow option support on for example Microsoft clients which should support a much wider range of configuration options The available options are as follows option subnet mask ip address The subnet mask option specifies the client s subnet mask as per RFC 950 If no subnet mask option is provided anywhere in scope DHCP will use the subnet mask from the subnet declaration for the network on which an address is being assigned H owever any subnet mask option declaration that is in scope for the address being assigned will override the subnet mask specified in the subnet declaration 8 12 DHCP Server Operation option time offset int32 The time offset option specifies the offset of the client s subnet in seconds from Coordinated Universal Time UTC option routers ip address ip address The routers option specifies a list of IP addresses for routers on the client s subnet Routers should be listed in order of preference option time servers ip address ip address The time server option specifies a list of RFC 868 time servers available to the client Servers should be listed in order of preference option ien116 name servers ip address ip address The ien116 name servers option specifies a list of IE
139. zero and one If itis greater than the backoff cutoff amount it is set to that amount The initial interval time defaults to ten seconds 9 2 Lease requirements and requests The DHCP protocol allows the client to request that the server send it specific information and not send it other information that it is not prepared to accept The protocol also allows the client to reject offers from servers if they do not contain information the client needs or if the information provided is not satisfactory Thereis a variety of data contained in offers that DHCP servers send to DHCP clients The data that can be specifically requested are called DHCP 9 4 DHCP Client Configuration Options DHCP Options are defined in 3 although an DHCP client only supports a limited subset of those described there 9 2 1 Request request option option The request statement causes the client to request that any server responding to the client send the client its values for the specified options Only the option names should be specified in the request statement not option parameters 9 2 2 Require require option option J The require statement lists options that must be sent in order for an offer to be accepted Offers that do not contain all the listed options will be ignored 9 2 3 Send send option declaration option declaration The send statement causes the client to send the specified options to the s

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