Hanna Instruments HI 9033 Marine Instruments User Manual
Contents
1. e eenenntttttttttttttttttttttennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnntt 5 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION Please examine this Product carefully Make sure the instrument is not damaged If any damage has occurred during the shipment please notify your dealer This 93414 Portable Turbidity and Free Total Chlorine meter is supplied complete with Five Sample Cuvets and Caps e Calibration Cuvets for turbidimeter e Calibration Cuvets for colorimeter e Silicone Oil Tissue for wiping the cuvets Five Tag holders with Tags 920005 e Scissors Batteries 4 pcs AC Adapter e Instruction Manual Instrument Quality Certificate Rigid carrying case Tag holders amp tags adapter Batteries Sample cuvets CAL CHECK cuvets NL NE NE NL RM 00000 AMCO calibration cuvets Instrument Scissors Silicone oil Cutout space for powder reagent Note Save all packing material until you are sure that the instrument works correctly Any defective item must be returned in the original packing with the supplied accessories GENERAL DESCRIPTION 93414 is high accuracy combined meter that benefits from Hanna s years of experience as manufacturer of analytical instruments The 93414 successfully combines turbidity and colorimetric measurements to meet the needs of measuring the2. The instrument also provides a logging function Up to 200 measurements can be stored in the internal memory and consulted at any time In order to further store and analyse the data can be downloaded to a PC using one of the available ports RS232 or USB For advanced field applications the HI 93414 combined meter is equipped with Tag Identification System TIS that make data collecting and management simpler than ever TAG IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM Hanna is the first manufacturer of analytical instruments that has decided to add the unique 1 5 Tag Identification System to its meters to meet the more restrictive needs of the users and fit all advantages of this system to the turbidity and chlorine measurements to simplify data management The system is designed for scientific and industrial applications or to prove during safety audits and inspections that samples have been truly taken on pre established locations The system is as easy to install as to operate Just fix the so called iButton tags near your sampling sites that need to be checked often and with this the 1 5 is setup The tag contains a computer chip embedded in a durable stainless steel can It is designed to withstand the harsh environments indoors or outdoors The number of tags that can be installed is practically unlimited because each tag has a unique identification code Immediately after tags installation data collecting can be started Use the HI 93414 to take
3. with the cuvet mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top Close the lid and press READ TIMER gt The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet detectors and lamp will appear during measurement At the end of the measurement the fourth calibration point 750 NTU is displayed on the primary LCD and CAL P 4 on the secondary LCD and READ tag will blink At this moment it is possible to exit calibration by pressing CAL CHECK The instrument will memorize the three point calibration data and will return to measurement mode 30 READ TIMER gt CAL CHECK e CAL CHECK FOUR POINT CALIBRATION To perform a four point calibration continue the procedure with the following steps Remove the third standard cuvet Place the 750 NTU standard cuvet or the fourth prepared formazin standard into the holder with the cuvet mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top e lose the lid and press READ TIMER gt The isplay will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet detectors and lamp will appear during measurement x At the end of the measurement the four point calibration is completed and the instrument returns automatically to measurement mode OUT CAL RANGE FUNCTION The instrument has an Out Cal Range function to prevent taking measurements in a range where the calibration do not assure the best results The range where the calibratio
4. BHtetagHirkng Tererarirg lifeistoolov bateis Te baitaies ae too fa Redaxe battaies aat resuerets 50 SETS 93414 11 CAL CHECK Calibration set for Free amp Total Chlorine 1 set 93701 01 Reagents for 100 Free Chlorine tests 93701 03 Reagents for 300 Free Chlorine tests 93703 58 Silicon oil 15 ml 93711 01 Reagents for 100 Total Chlorine tests 93711 03 Reagents for 300 Total Chlorine tests 98703 11 Calibration set for turbidimeter lt 0 1 15 100 and 750 NTU OTHER ACCESSORIES 710005 Voltage adapter from 115V to 12 Vdc USA plug HI 710006 Voltage adapter from 230V to 12 Vdc European plug HI 710012 Voltage adapter from 240V to 12 Vdc UK plug 710013 Voltage adapter from 230V to 12 South Africa plug 710014 Voltage adapter from 230V to 12 Vdc Australia plug 731318 Tissue for wiping cuvets 4 pcs 731331 Gloss cuvets 4 pcs 731335N Cops for cuvets 4 pcs 740027P 1 5V M battery 12 pcs HI 740234 Replacement lamp for EPA turbidimeter 1 pcs HI 92000 Windows compatible software HI 920005 5 tag holders with tags HI 920011 5 to 9 pins RS232 connection cable 93703 50 Cuvets cleaning solution 230 ml RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USERS Before using this product make sure that it is entirely suitable for your specific application and for the environment in whi
5. measurements and memorize the test result by pressing the Log on Demand key Then the instrument will ask for the tag identification Simply touching the iButton with the matching connector on the HI 93414 does identify and authenticate logging by storing the iButton serial number time and date stamp The power of the 1 5 feature resides the PC application Download all test data to your PC and use our 92000 Windows compatible application software for further data management You can sort or filter all your collected test data on different criteria like on a specific sampling location parameter date and time intervals or fix range to filter measured values The data can be plotted in a graph exported to other common Windows applications or printed for reporting purposes It is possible to add also new tags later on thus increasing an already existing database Each time the PC software recognizes a new added tag it will ask for a description of the new sampling location ABBREVIATIONS NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units RTC Real Time Clock Jackson Turbidity Units RH Relative Humidity FTU Formozin Turbidity Units TIS Tag Identification System USEPA US Environmental Protection Agency 10 Identification LCD Liquid Crystal Display iButton is registered Trademark of MAXIM DALLAS semiconductor Corp 5 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION TURBIDIMETER Turbidity of water is an optical property that causes light to be
6. HIDE THE TIME You can choose between showing or hiding the current time on the LCD To set hiding or showing the time press CAL CHECK when show hide time panel is displayed The time show status and CFM tag will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set Icd hide for time Press LOG CFM to save the change The new selected option will be displayed on the LCD Alternatively press CAL CHECK to exit without saving the changes SET THE DATE The HI 93414 turbidimeter has a built in real time clock RTC The time is used to generate a unique time stamp for each recorded value and to automatically store the last calibration date The current time can be displayed on the LCD when the instrument is in idle mode 43 CAL CHECK or RANGE A ZERO AVG Y LOG CFM CAL CHECK or RANGE A ZERO AVG Y LOG CFM set the current date press CAL CHECK when set date panel is displayed The date format is YYYY MM DD The last two digits of the year value and CFM tag will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the year value Press LOG CFM or READ TIMER to start editing the month value The month value will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the month value Press LOG CFM or READ TIMER to start editing the day value The day value will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the day value Note To edit the year again after the day was ed
7. beam a narrow spectral bandwidth should be selected as well as a proper central wavelength to optimize measurements The measurement process is carried out in two phases first the instrument is zeroed and then the actual measurement is performed FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION Cuvet Lid Close the cuvet lid prior to start a measurement Cuvet Holder Insert the cuvet into the holder with the cuvet mark matching the case mark liquid Crystal Display LCD The LCD has backlight for better visibility in dark environments Keypad Splash proof resistant lamp connector Connect the new lamp using a screwdriver during lamp changing procedure Lamp Replaceable tungsten lamp Battery Lid Remove the battery lid in order to change batteries or replace the lamp x N KEYPAD DESCRIPTION 8 ON OFF press to turn the instrument ON OFF If key is pressed for more than 15 minutes the instrument automatically shuts off 9 RANGE A press to change the range You can choose between turbidimeter or free or total chlorine range In SETUP it is used to increase the set values In Log Recall it is used to select a newer record scroll up 10 ZERO AVG v press to set the average reading mode ON OFF in turbidimeter range In colorimeter range it is used to make a zero reading In SETU
8. can withstand harsh environments However it is better to protect the tag from direct rain Place the tag near a sampling point Fix it securely with the provided screws in such a way that the metallic iButton is easily accessible for reading the tag The number of tags that can be installed is practically unlimited Additional tags can be ordered HI 920005 five tag holders with tags LAMP REPLACEMENT The instrument tungsten lamp has a life longer than 100 000 measurements In case of lamp failure the defective lamp can be easily replaced When the lamp is broken the instrument displays no L error message To replace the lamp follow the next steps Remove the battery lid Unscrew the lamp connection using a screwdriver Unlock the lamp and extract it by pulling it out from the lamp holder handler Place the new lamp in the right position and push it until is securely locked Insert the lamp leads into the connector and tight them using a screwdriver Warning After lamp replacement the meter has to be recalibrated 47 BATTERIES MANAGEMENT For field measurements 93414 is powered by 4 x 1 5V AA batteries The battery life is enough for 1500 normal measurements When the instrument is started the remaining battery life is estimated and reported in percents To preserve the battery it is better to use normal instead of averaged measurements Continuous measurements keep the lamp
9. for low turbidity samples lt 1 NTU otherwise scratches can contribute and alter turbidity readings The silicone oil has the same refractive index as the glass and will not alter the turbidity readings It is important to apply only a thin layer of silicone oil Warning Do not apply silicone oil in excess because it may retain dirt or contaminate the cuvet holder of the instrument altering the turbidity readings It is very important to apply the silicone oil on a clean dry cuvet Apply a few drops of oil and wipe the cuvet thoroughly with a lint free cloth Wipe off the excess oil till you obtain a thin uniform layer If the procedure is correctly followed the cuvet should appear nearly dry with no visible oil Note The supplied cloth for oiling should be stored together with the silicone oil bottle and cuvets taking care to avoid contamination with dirt After a few oiling procedures the cloth will contain enough oil to wipe the bottle with it without adding more oil From time to time add some drops of oil on the cuvet to provide the necessary oil quantity in the cloth INDEXING A CUVET It is very important for low turbidity readings to always insert the cuvet into the instrument in the same position All cuvets are factory indexed This index can be used to put the cuvet with the factory mark on the cuvet aligned with the sign on the instrument top To further reduce the effect of glass imperfections the cuvet can be i
10. that the cuvet mark is aligned with the sign on the instrument top Note Alternatively press CFM to skip the first calibration point Close the lid and press READ TIMER gt The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet detectors and lamp will appear during measurement At the end of the measurement the second calibration point 15 NTU is displayed on the primary LCD and CAL P2 on the secondary LCD and READ tag will blink Remove the first standard cuvet Place the 15 NTU standard cuvet or the second prepared standard into the holder with the cuvet mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top 29 ON OFF 3 CAL CHECK RANGE A ZERO AVG Y lose the lid and press READ TIMER The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet detectors and lamp will appear during measurement At the end of the measurement the third calibration point 100 NTU is displayed on the primary LCD and CAL P 3 on the secondary LCD and READ tag will blink At this moment it is possible to exit calibration by pressing CAL CHECK The instrument will memorize the two point calibration data and will return to measurement mode THREE POINT CALIBRATION To perform a three point calibration continue the procedure with the following steps Remove the second standard cuvet Place the 100 NTU standard cuvet or the third prepared formazin standard into the holder
11. DPD reagent causes a pink tint in the sample Standards 1 mg L free chlorine 1 mg L total chlorine Calibration One point calibration Other Light Source Lamp life Display LOG Memory Serial Interface Environment Power supply Auto Shut off Dimensions Weight Tungsten filament lamp greater than 100 000 readings 60 x 90mm LCD with backlight 200 records 89232 or USB 1 1 to 50 12270 max 95 RH non condensing 4 x 1 5V M alkaline batteries or AC adapter After 15 minutes of non use 224 x 87 x 77 mm 8 8 x 3 4 x 3 0 512g 18 oz GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT HI 93414 is a highly accurate combined meter for some very important drinking water parameters turbidity and free amp total chlorine meet the instrument s performance and fully benefit of its features it is very important for the analyst to use proper measurement techniques for accurate precise and repeatable readings Special care must be taken during sample preparation and handling The instructions listed below should be carefully followed during measuring and calibration to ensure best accuracy CUVET The cuvet is part of the optical system in all measurements The light reaches the sample by passing through the cuvet glass As a result the measurement can be affected by the glass imperfections dirt dust scratches or fingerprints present on the cuvet surface So special care must be taken in preparing and handling the cuvet Not
12. G 6 TAG Measurement date in YYYY MM DD format Measurement time in hh mm format Delete the last record panel only for last record Delete all records DELETE LAST RECORD To log other values the last record or all records have to be deleted To delete the last record press SETUP DEL while in delete last records panel The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG CFM is pressed the last record is deleted To abort the delete function press READ TIMER gt instead of LOG CFM After the record is deleted the instrument enters immediately in the first panel of the previous record If the log becomes empty dashes will be displayed for one second on the LCD and the instrument will return to idle mode DELETE ALL RECORDS To delete all records scroll the log until delete all records panel is displayed on the LCD To delete all records press SETUP DEL while in delete all records panel 39 SETUP DEL LOG CFM SETUP DEL The instrument asks for confirmation and if LOG CFM is pressed all records are deleted To abort the delete function press READ TIMER instead of LOG CFM LOG CFM e Afterall records are deleted dashes are displayed for one second on the LCD and the instrument returns to measurement mode Eos LA GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE GLP The GLP feature allows the user view last calibration data Also the user calibration can be deleted Press a
13. I 93414 free and total chlorine colorimeter has a powerful CAL CHECK function that allows the user to check the instrument calibration against a NIST traceable standard before making a set of measurements With the same standard the instrument could be re calibrated if necessary Note Free and total chlorine must be calibrated separately Calibration of one range will not calibrate the other range VALIDATION PROCEDURE Warning Do not validate or calibrate the instrument with standard solutions other than Hanna CAL CHECK Standards otherwise erroneous results will be obtained For accurate validation and calibration please perform test at room temperature 18 to 25 C 64 5 to 77 0 F Turn the instrument by pressing ON OFF Make sure that the instrument is in the free or total chlorine range the desired one e Press RANGE a to select the desired range free or total chlorine When dashes appear on the LCD the instrument is ready The ZERO tag will blink on the LCD Place the zero cuvet A in the instrument with the mark aligned with the mark on the instrument top Close the lid and press ZERO AVG v The LCD will display blinking dashes and the measuring ZERO AvG v icon during zero measurement At the end of zero measurement the 0 0 is displayed The meter is now ready for validation 33 Remove the cuvet Place the CAL CHECK Standard cuvet B into the holder Make sure that the mark on t
14. Instruction Manual HI 93414 Turbidity and Free Total Chlorine Meter ees www hannainst co Dear Customer Thank you for choosing Hanna Instruments product This manual will provide you with the necessary information for correct use of the instrument Please read this instruction manual carefully before using the instrument If you need additional technical information do not hesitate to e mail us at tech hannainst com or see the back side of this manual for our worldwide sales and technical service contacts This instrument is in compliance with C directives WARRANTY 93414 is warranted for two years against defects in workmanship and materials when used for its intended purpose and maintained according to instructions This warranty is limited to repair or replacement free of charge Damage due to accidents misuse tampering or lack of prescribed maintenance is not covered f service is required contact the dealer from whom you purchased the instrument If under warranty report the model number date of purchase serial number and the nature of the failure If the repair is not covered by the warranty you will be notified of the charges incurred If the instrument is to be returned to Hanna Instruments first obtain a Returned Goods Authorization number from the Technical Service Department and then send it with shipping costs prepaid When shipping any instrument make sure it is properly packed for complete protec
15. P it is used to decrease the set values In Log Recall it is used to select an older record scroll down 11 CAV CHECK press and hold for seconds to enter calibration In colorimeter range it is used to check the calibration In SETUP it is used to start stop editing a parameter 12 LIGHT press to turn ON OFF the backlight 13 RCL GLP press to enter exit viewing log content press and hold for 3 seconds to enter the GLP feature 14 LOG CFM press to save the log records In SETUP it is used to confirm the selected option 15 READ TIMER press to start a measurement Press and hold to make a continuous measurement in turbidimeter range In colorimeter range press for 3 seconds to start the timer for free and total chlorine measurement In Log Recall it is used to see the content of a record In GLP it is used to see all available informations In SETUP during date or time editing it is used to move the focus on the next setting item 16 SETUP DEL press to enter exit SETUP The DEL function is available in Log Recall to delete calibration or one all records In GLP it is used to delete the user calibration CONNECTORS DESCRIPTION 17 AC adapter connector used to connect an external AC Adapter 18 RS232 connector used to transfer data through the RS232 connection Use HI 920011 serial cable to connect to the PC 19 Tag reader connector Touch the tag with the connector to read the location identificati
16. PLE CUVETS Precise measurements require the use of a single cuvet If it is not possible cuvet selection and matching must be performed before taking measurements In order to match multiple cuvets follow the next Steps Fill some cuvets with high quality water f Tm 0 1NTU up to the 10 mL mark li Clean and oil the cuvets as described before Turn the instrument ON Insert the first cuvet into the instrument and press READ TIMER gt Record the reading Record the position of the cuvet and the displayed reading Mark this position on the thicker white band on the top ofthe cuvet with a water resistant pencil Insert the second cuvet into the instrument and take a reading e Open the instrument lid slightly rotate the cuvet and take a new reading Repeat the last step for the second cuvet until the reading is within 0 01 NTU of the value obtained for the first cuvet e Alternatively keep the READ TIMER pressed and affer the first value is displayed open the lid and start rotating the cuvet until the read value matches the first cuvet Mark this position on the second cuvet with a water resistant pencil Follow the same procedure for all the cuvets you need Note If the cuvet is indexed use the index to position it in the instrument SAMPLING TECHNIQUE When taking turbidity measurements it is very important to select a representative sample For consistent results follow the next ti
17. TED LIGHT gt SCATTERED LIGHT gt FILTER COLORIMETER BEAM SPLITTER DETECTOR prauni For the turbidimeter range the microprocessor of the instrument calculates from the signals thot reaches the two detectors the NTU value using an effective algorithm This algorithm corrects and compensates for interferences of color making the HI 93414 instrument color compensated The optical system and measuring technique alow the compensation of lamp intensity fluctuations minimizing the need of frequent calibration The lower detection limit of a turbidimeter is determined by the so called stray light Stray light is the light detected by the sensors that is not caused by light scattering from suspended particles The optical system of 93414 instrument is designed to have very low stray light providing accurate results for low turbidity samples However special care must be taken when measuring low turbidities see page 14 General Tips for an Accurate Measurement for sample preparation and measuring techniques 6 MEASUREMENT UNITS Many methods were used to measure turbidity over the years The Jackson Candle Turbidimeter was used to measure turbidity as Jackson turbidity units JTU The Secchi Disk is commonly used to measure turbidity in lakes and other deep waters mg L Si0 Both methods are visual and are not considered very accurate To obtain more accurate readings a nephe
18. a complete list of Sales and Technical offices please see www hannainst com
19. adings e Always cap the cuvets to avoid spillage of the sample into the instrument Always close the lid of the instrument during measurement Keep the lid of the instrument closed when it is not used to prevent dust or dirt entering e Always put the instrument on a flat rugged surface when taking measurements Do not operate in direct sunlight not use too much oil to prevent contamination of the optical system for turbidimeter range only TURBIDITY MEASUREMENTS To take turbidity measurements follow the next steps Turn the instrument ON by pressing ON OFF When dashes are displayed on the LCD the instrument is ready The current time appears on the secondary LCD if selected in SETUP menu or turb if the time is not displayed Fill dean dry cuvet with 10 mL of sample up to the mark taking care to handle the cuvet by the top Replace the cap Wipe the cuvet thoroughly with a lint free cloth to remove any fingerprints dirt or water spots Apply silicone oil on the cuvet and wipe with a lint free cloth to obtain an even film over the entire surface of the cuvet Note It is very important to oil the cuvet espe cially for low turbidity values lt 1 NTU to hide the glass imperfections which can influence the reading Place the cuvet into the instrument Align the mark from the cuvet with the sign on the instrument top and close the lid Note If you have a cuvet with orientation ma
20. ch it is used Operation of this instrument may cause unacceptable interferences to other electronic equipments requiring the user to follow all necessary steps to correct interferences Any variation introduced by the user to the supplied equipment may degrade the instrument s EMC performance To avoid damage or burns do not put the instrument in microwave ovens For your own and the instrument safety do not use or store the instrument in hazardous environments Hanna Instruments reserves the right to modify the design construction and appearance of its products without advance notice 51 SALES AND TECHNICAL SERVICE CONTACTS Australia Tel 03 9769 0666 Fax 03 9769 0699 China Tel 10 88570068 Fax 10 88570060 Egypt Tel amp Fax 02 2758 683 Germany Tel 07851 9129 0 Fax 07851 9129 99 Greece Tel 210 823 5192 Fax 210 884 0210 Indonesia Tel 210 4584 2941 Fax 210 4584 2942 Japan Tel 03 3258 9565 Fax 03 3258 9567 Korea Tel 02 2278 5147 Fax 02 2264 1729 Malaysia Tel 603 5638 9940 Fax 603 5638 9829 Singapore Tel 6296 7118 Fax 6291 6906 South Africa Tel 011 615 6076 Fax 011 615 8582 Taiwan Tel 886 2 2739 3014 Fax 886 2 2739 2983 Thailand Tel 662 619 0708 Fax 662 619 0061 2 Oo United Kingdom Bk Tel 01525 850 855 Fax 01525 853 668 m USA Tel 401 765 7500 Fax 401 765 7575 For e mail contacts and
21. cted turb Cl or t CI is displayed indicating the momentarely range It can display other values messages BEEPER A beeper is used to make the user interface more friendly An error or invalid key press is signaled by a long beep A confirmation beep is signaled by a short beep The beeper is selectable as ON or OFF in SETUP menu SPECIFICATIONS Turbidity Range 0 00 to 9 99 10 0 to 99 9 and 100 to 1000 NTU Range selection Automatically Resolution 0 01 NTU from 0 00 to 9 99 0 1 NTU from 10 0 to 99 9 NTU 1 NTU from 100 to 1000 NTU Accuracy 2 of reading plus 0 02 NTU Repeatibility 1 of reading or 0 02 NTU whichever is greater Stray Light lt 0 02 NTU Typical EMC Deviation 0 05 NTU Light Detector Silicon Photocell Method Ratio Nephelometric Method 90 ratio of scatter and transmitted light Adaptation of the USEPA Method 108 1 and Standard Method 2130 B Measuring mode Normal Average Continuous Turbidity Standards 0 1 15 100 and 750 NTU Calibration Two three or four point calibration Free and total Chlorine Range Free 1 0 00 to 5 00 mg L Total Cl 0 00 to 5 00 mg L Resolution 0 01 mg L from 0 00 to 3 50 mg L 0 10 above 3 50 mg L Accuracy 0 02 mg L 1 00 mg L Typical EMC Deviation 0 02 mg L Detector Silicon photocell with 525 nm narrow band interference filters Method Adaptation of the USEPA Method 330 5 and Standard Method 4500 G The reaction between chlorine and
22. d measurement is obtained no errors To log a value press LOG CFM when the measurement result is displayed The instrument asks to READ TAG for identification of the sampling location The number for the new record is also displayed on the secondary LCD To read the ID code for the sampling location identification simply touch the iButton tag with the matching connector located on the back of the instrument see page 10 Connectors Description Alternatively press again LOG CFM to store the record without the tag ID code If the tag is successfully read the instrument will beep once displaying the unique hexadecimal code of the tag and store the data After data is stored the instrument returns to measurement mode Notes Ifthe tag is not read within 20 seconds the logging procedure is canceled A measurement can be stored only once Also an over range value can be stored If less than ten free records are available the LOG tag will blink while storing data If the log memory is full the LoG FULL message appears for two seconds on the LCD and the instrument returns to measurement mode without storing the new record To store a new record delete one or more records 37 LOG CFM T b D d or SF ww a Star LOG REC 5 VIEW LOGGED DATA The stored records can be viewed at any moment by pressing RCL GLP To return to normal measurement mode
23. d sample to the original sample temperature before measurement The heating procedure can be used in combination with vacuum or ultrasonic waves application for a more effective air bubble removal REAGENT ADDING COLORIMETRY only e Because the reagent quantity is set up to react with 10mL of sample is very important to fill the cuvet correctly The liquid in n the cuvet forms a convexity on the top the bottom of this convexity must be at the same level with the 10 mL mark 10 mL lt P gt 2 open the powder reagent pack a use scissors to open the powder packet b push the edges of the packet to form a spout c pour the content of packet a b Do not let the reacted sample to stand too long after reagent is added or accuracy will be lost All the reaction times reported in this manual are reffered to 20 C 68 F As a general rule of thumb they should be doubled at 10 C 50 F and halved at 30 C 86 F Insert the cuvet with the mark aligned with the mark on the instrument top It is possible to take multiple readings in a row but it is recommended to take a new zero reading for each sample and to use the same cuvet for zeroing and measurement After the reading it is important to discard immediately the sample otherwise the glass might become permanently stained Note In order to maximize accuracy prior to a measurement follow the validation procedure to be sure that the instrument is pr
24. default instrument ID is 0000 The existing ID value and CFM tag will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the new instrument ID By pressing and holding the UP or DOWN keys the speed will increase Press LOG CFM to save the change The new instrument ID will be displayed Alternatively press CAL CHECK to exit without saving the changes 45 CAL CHECK or RANGE A ZERO AVG V LOG CFM SET BAUD RATE The 93414 has RS232 and a USB link When the USB connection is used the 9232 connection becomes inactive To successfully communicate with the PC the same baud rate must be selected on the instrument and on the PC application The available baud rates are 1200 2400 4800 and 9600 To set the baud rate press CAL CHECK when set baud rate panel is displayed The parameter value and CFM tag will start blinking Press the UP DOWN keys to select new or baud rate value RANGE A ZERO AVG V Press LOG CFM to save the change The new selected baud rate will be displayed Alternatively press CAL CHECK to exit without saving the changes LOG CFM LCD BACKLIGHT The LCD can be illuminated to allow the user to see the readings even in dark environments To turn ON OFF the backlight press LIGHT The backlight will automatically shut off after 25 seconds of non use to save the battery life LIGHT 46 TAG INSTALLATION The tag is housed in a rugged metal that
25. e In colorimetric measurements when it is possible use the same cuvet both for zeroing and measurement If this is not possible always match the cuvets Also in turbidimetric measurements if you are using multiple cuvets always match the cuvets CUVET HANDLING The cuvets should be free of scratches or cracks Any cuvet with visible scratches will be discarded The cuvets should be periodically washed with acid After washing the cuvets should be well rinsed multiple times with distilled or deionized water Allow cuvets to air dry and store them for long periods of time with caps to avoid dirt entering inside Always handle the cuvet by touching only the cap or its top side over the horizontal line Always store the cuvets in separate boxes or with separators between them to avoid scratches on the surface CUVET PREPARATION Whenever a cuvet is used it must be clean inside and outside When it is placed into the instrument it must be dry outside completely free of fingerprints or dirt If the cuvet is not indexed put the cuvet with the factory mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top CUVET OILING TURBIDITY only Warning For colorimetric measurements the cuvet should be completely free of any trace of oil Do not use the oiling procedure for colorimetric measurements To hide minor imperfections and scratches the cuvets should be oiled outside with the supplied silicone oil This is very important especially
26. for READ TIMER gt 0 Free Chlorine Total Chlorine 1 minute or 2 minutes and 30 seconds Or and then just press READ TIMER READ TIMER gt In both cases blinking dashes will appear during measurement The instrument directly displays the concentration in mg L of free or total chlorine each measurement zero value will blink INTERFERENCES The colorimetric measurements are affected by the following interfering agents Bromine positive error Chlorine dioxide positive error lodine positive error Oxidized Manganese and Chromium positive error Alkalinity above 250 mg L CaCO or acidity above 150 mg L CaCO will not reliably develop the full amount of color or it may rapidly fade To resolve this neutralize the sample with diluted HCl or NaOH In case of water with hardness greater than 500 mg L CaCO shake the sample for approximatively 2 minutes after adding the powder reagent 27 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE TURBIDIMETER CALIBRATION 93414 has powerful calibration function that compensates for lamp aging or changing The calibration can be done using the suplied calibration solutions or user prepared standards 93414 turbidimeter is supplied with 4 AMCO standards 0 1 NTU 15 NTU 100 NTU and 750 NTU The Hanna standards are specially designed for this instrument Turbidity standards have a shelf life and should not be used after the expiration date Alternativel
27. he glass is aligned with the mark on the instrument top Press CAL CHECK The LCD will display blinking dashes and the measuring icon during check measurement After a few seconds the display will show the validation standard value Note The reading should be within specifications as reported on the CAL CHECK Standard Certificate If the value is found out of specifications please check that the cuvets are free of fingerprints oil or dirt and repeat validation If results are still out of specifications then recalibrate the instrument CALIBRATION PROCEDURE To calibrate the free or total chlorine range of the HI 93414 the provided standard solution must be used Do not calibrate the instrument with standard solutions other than Hanna CAL CHECK Standards otherwise erroneous results will be obtained For accurate calibration please perform test at room temperature 18 to 25 C 64 5 to 77 0 F To calibrate one range follow next steps Turn the instrument ON by pressing ON OFF Make sure that the instrument is in the free or total chlorine range the one you want to use ON OFF e Press RANGE A to select the desired range free or total chlorine When dashes appear amp L L on the LCD the instrument is ready The current time will be displayed on the secondary LCD if selected in SETUP menu If not F CI or t CI will be displayed depending on the selected range The ZERO tag will blink o
28. how 0 0 25 SINGLE SAMPLE READ Remove the cuvet from the instrument Remove the cap Add the content of one packet of the specific test reagent for Free Chlorine Total Chlorine 1 packet of 1 packet of 93701 0 93711 0 Replace the cap and shake gently for 20 seconds or 2minutes in case of seawater analysis Replace the cuvet into the holder and ensure that the mark on the glass is matched with the mark on the instrument top Close the lid Hold READ TIMER gt for 3 seconds The display will show the hourglass blinking and the countdown prior to measurement Alternatively wait for Free Chlorine Total Chlorine minute or 2 minutes and 30 seconds and then just press READ TIMER gt In both cases blinking dashes will appear during measurement The instrument directly displays the concentration in mg L of free or total chlorine Note If the value is over range the maximum value 5 00 mg L will blink 26 a READ TIMER gt or READ TIMER gt MULTIPLE SAMPLES READ Note It is recommended to make a zero before Note If the signal to noise ratio is too high the Place the second cuvet with the reacted sample into the holder and ensure that the mark on the glass is matched with the mark on the instrument top Hold READ TIMER for 3 seconds The display will show the hourglass blinking and the countdown prior to measurement Alternatively wait
29. ifying the shape and size of particles which cause turbidity The ultrasonic waves can also break the existing air bubbles leading to a complication of the degassing process In order to avoid excess application of the ultrasonic waves you can apply ultrasound until all visible air bubbles are removed and then measure the sample turbidity This is the most used procedure for degassing If you are not sure that all air bubbles were removed apply ultrasonic waves again for a short period of time and then measure the turbidity Repeat this procedure until the turbidity is increasing instead of decreasing sign that turbidity of the sample was altered In order to degas a sample fill clean cuvet with sample and immerse it 1 2 to 2 3 immersed in an ultrasonic bath Follow the degassing procedure described above Only after the degassing procedure is finished the cuvet can be capped HEATING THE SAMPLE Use of heat to remove air bubbles although very effective in some cases should be handled with care because it can alter the turbidity of the sample When heating a sample the volatile components from the sample can vaporize the suspended components can dissolve or the sample characteristics can change Therefore the heating procedure should be used with extreme care The best way is to use a warm water bath and immerse the cuvet with sample into the bath Heat the sample only until the visible bubbles are removed Note Always cool the heate
30. ilute the stock solution with the same high purity water you used for the preparation of the stock solution The diluted formazin solutions are not stable They should be used immediately after preparation and discard immediately after use CALIBRATION For best results the measurement techniques must be followed during calibration If formazin standards are used mix the cuvets gently for about 1 minute and then allow the standard to settle for 1 more minute before calibration Calibration can be performed in two three or four points It is possible to interupt calibration procedure at any time by pressing CAL CHECK or ON OFF Note Calibration of the turbidity range will not affect the free or total chlorine measurements 28 TWO POINT CALIBRATION Turn the instrument ON by pressing ON OFF If you are not in turbidity range first select the range If you are in turbidity range when dashes are displayed on the LCD the instrument is ready The current time appears on the secondary LCD if selected in SETUP menu or turb if the time is not displayed Enter calibration mode by pressing CAL CHECK for 3 seconds The display shows CAL P 1 on the secondary LCD and no suggested value and READ tag will blink If the prepared formazin is used edit the displayed value by pressing UP or DOWN keys until the display shows the correct value Place the lt 0 1 NTU standard cuvet or the prepared one into the holder and ensure
31. ited press READ TIMER gt Press LOG CFM to save the new date The new set date will be displayed Alternatively press CAL CHECK to exit without saving the changes SET THE TIME To set the current time press CAL CHECK when set time panel is displayed The time format is hh mm The hour value and CFM tag will start blinking 44 CAL CHECK RANGE A ZERO AVG LOG Or RANGE A ZERO AVG Y N POG SET DATE LOG CFM 530 tL EN Or RANGE A ZERO AVG Y LOG CAL CHECK Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the hour value Press LOG CFM or READ TIMER to start editing the minutes The minutes value will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the minutes value Note To edit the hour again after the minutes were edited press READ TIMER gt Press LOG CFM to save the new time The new set time will be displayed Alternatively press CAL CHECK to exit without saving the changes SET INSTRUMENT ID or ZERO AVG V RANGE A LOG CFM or RANGE A ZERO AVG V LOG CFM The instrument ID is four digit number that can be edited by the user The instrument ID is downloaded on the PC application together with the logged data By setting a different ID for each instrument it is possible to mix information from many turbidimeters into the same database To set the instrument ID press CAL CHECK when set instrument ID panel is displayed The
32. lometer should be used as a turbidity reading instrument The 93414 turbidimeter reports the measurements only in NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units NTU units are equal to FTU units Formazine Turbidity Units The conversion table between these measurement units is shown bellow JIU NUFU SQ mgl 1 19 250 NUFU 1 013 COLORIMETER SO 04 75 1 Absorption of light is a typical phenomenon of interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter When light beam crosses a substance some of the radiation may be absorbed by atoms molecules or crystal lattices If pure absorption occurs the fraction of absorbed light depends both on the optical path length through the matter and on the physical chemical characteristics of the substance according to the Lambert Beer law log I I cd or amp cd Where log 1 1 Absorbance A I intensity of incident light beam I intensity of light beam after absorption molor extinction coefficient at wavelength A c molar concentration of the substance d optical path through the substance Therefore the concentration c can be calculated from the absorbance of the substance as the other factors are known Photometric chemical analysis is based on the possibility to develop an absorbing compound from a specific chemical reaction between sample and reagents Given that the absorption of a compound strictly depends on the wavelength of the incident light
33. lue is too low the display will show 10 on the primary display and Err on the secondary display If this message appears check if the correct cuvet was used CALIBRATION DELETION 93414 is delivered factory calibrated It is possible to restore factory calibration at any time if the user calibration do not work as expected Note Deleting the user calibration for one range will not affect the other ranges To delete last calibration follow next steps Enter the GLP feature by pressing RCL GLP for 3 seconds The date of the last calibration will be displayed on the LCD If no calibration was performed the F CAL message appears on the LCD and the instrument returns to measurement mode Press READ TIMER to see the information related to calibration The last panel is the one with delete calibration Press SETUP DEL to delete the current calibration The instrument will restore the factory calibration and will automatically return to measurement mode 36 Err 3 READ TIMER gt SETUP DEL 93414 has a logging memory of 200 records The log memory is unique for all ranges The records are stored in chronological order With each measurement the range date time and tag ID are stored In this way each record is fully characterized and can be easily analyzed when downloading on the PC application HI 92000 LOGGING The log function is active only after a vali
34. most important parameters of drinking water turbidity and free total chlorine The meter is especially designed for water quality measurements providing reliable and accurate readings on low turbidity and chlorine values The 93414 meets and exceeds the requirements of USEPA and Standard Methods both for turbidity and colorimetric measurements The instrument is based on a state of the art optical system which guarantees accurate results The optical system consisting in a tungsten filament lamp three detectors scattered transmitted for turbidimeter range and one for colorimeter range and narrow band interference filter 525 nm assures long term stability and minimizes stray light and color interferences It also compensates for variations in intensity of the lamp making no need for frequent calibration The 25 mm round cuvets made from special optical glass guarantee the repeatability and consistency of the measurements Turbidity measurements can be made in the 0 00 to 1000 NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units range The instrument has an EPA compliance reading mode which rounds the reading to meet EPA reporting requirements Depending on the measured sample and needed accuracy normal measurement continuous measurement or signal averaging measurement can be selected Free or Total Chlorine measurements can be made in the 0 00 to 5 00 mg L ppm range With the powerful CAL CHECK function the good performance of the instrument ca
35. n It is not necessary to turn the instrument off when connecting the external adapter Note The connection to the external adapter will not recharge the batteries 49 To fully use the instrument tag identification system function the measured data has to be downloaded to a computer The instrument can use RS232 or USB connection to communicate with the PC When using the RS232 protocol simply connect a HI 920011 serial cable between the instrument and the computer To use the USB protocol simply connect a regular USB cable between instrument and PC In both cases the PC must run the HI 92000 application for successful data transfer ERROR CODES 93414 has powerful diagnostic system The common errors are detected and reported for easy diagnostic and maintenance ERR DE amp HPTION ACION Eri Br3 Giticd ers ErG BS Teinguret bapsardsusco Fere sie Tei i we ard Hes smitanea gy LP Er4 dus cti Eq ard DOW ito rei the EEFROMVantets the lid Telid is ded If the ero pasds the induret Rpasethelarp Oak mL Lanp aden roligt the qid sdemfo dodrudions Cek the qid sden Lto Nt eah ligt for Tek the qid LH Tomb ligt fo dendis 10 Te dada used for amet Cek the tanrhd add cdibratia p rt ist low use te met ae H Te darcaid ud for amet Cek the dardad dibaio p rt high use te aort o Inv Gibain ineted
36. n assures correct measurements is up to 40 NTU for a two point calibration and up to 150 of the third point value for a three point calibration The display will show a blinking CAL tag each time the measurements are taken outside the calibration range CALIBRATION ERROR MESSAGES f the value of the standard read during the calibration is too far from the set value the instrument will display LO or HI error messages Check if the correct standard is used or prepare a fresh standard if formazine is used and repeat the reading of the standard 31 Ifthe calculated calibration coefficients are outside a certain range the CAL Err message is displayed LRL Err CALIBRATION DELETION HI 93414 is factory calibrated It is possible to restore factory calibration by deleting the last performed calibration To delete last calibration follow the next steps Enter the GLP feature by pressing RCL GLP for a three seconds The date of the last calibration will be displayed Rer 7 cip on the LCD Press READ TIMER to see the information related to calibration The last panel is the one with delete calibration READ TIMER gt Press SETUP DEL to delete the current calibration The instrument will display del done for a second and the calibration is deleted then the instrument will automatically return to measurement mode SETUP DEL 32 COLORIMETER CALIBRATION The H
37. n be validated at any moment by using the exclusive Hanna ready made NIST traceable standards Calibration can be performed at any time for turbidity and for colorimetric range For turbidity a two three or four point calibration is available using the supplied lt 0 1 15 100 and 750 NTU adjustable calibration points or user prepared standards For colorimeter a one point calibration can be performed 93414 has complete G L P Good Laboratory Practice functions that allows traceability of the calibration conditions The last calibration points time and date can be checked by a single key touch HI 93414 has a user friendly interface with an easy to read large Liquid Cristal Display Displayed codes guide the user step by step with routine operation and through calibration Confirmation and error acoustic signals help the user during instrument operation The HI 93414 combined meter is a truly portable instrument It is supplied with a rigid carrying suitcase that offer protection for harsh environments The instrument is also splash proof One battery set is enough for at least 1500 measurements The battery charging percentage and low battery condition is displayed on the LCD to avoid unexpected battery failure In addition the instrument has an auto shut off feature and turns off after 15 minutes of non use to save batteries life The instrument is equipped with backlight and the current time is displayed continuously on the LCD 4
38. n the LCD RANGE A 34 Press and hold CAL CHECK for 3 seconds to enter calibration The LCD will show CAL tag and the parameter for which the calibration is performed Place the CAL CHECK Standard Cuvet A into the holder and ensure that the mark on the cuvet is aligned with the mark on the instrument top lose the lid and press ZERO AVG The LCD will display blinking dashes and the measuring icon during 2 measurement At the end of the zero measurement 0 0 is displayed The READ tag will blink Remove the cuvet Place the CAL CHECK Standard Cuvet B into the holder Make sure that the mark on the cuvet is aligned with the mark on the instrument top Close the lid and press READ TIMER The instrument will show blinking dashes and the measuring icon during measurement At the end the value of the CAL CHECK standard value 1 00 mg l is displayed for one second and then Stor fo confirm that the new calibration data has been accepted The meter automatically enters in measurement mode 35 3 CAL CHECK CALIBRATION ERROR MESSAGES The calibration is successfully performed if the CAL CHECK readings is in certain limits If the CAL CHECK standard value is too high the display will show HI on the primary display and Err on the secondary display If this message appears check if the correct cuvet was used If the CAL CHECK standard va
39. nd hold RCL GLP for 3 seconds to enter exit 3 GLP data consulting Several functions are available when in GLP menu WEE SLE e Press READ TIMER to scroll the following GLP data READ TIMER gt The last calibration date in YYYY MM DD format If no calibration was performed the ef D 5 Fr A L factory calibration message F CAL will be 0533 displayed on the LCD The time of the last calibration in hh mm format First calibration point only for turbidimeter range The displayed value is 0 00 NTU if the first calibration point was skipped or the real read value will appear C3 Second calibration point only for turbidimeter range 40 e Third calibration point only for turbidimeter range if available e Fourth calibration point only for turbidimeter range if available e Delete calibration panel To delete last calibration e Press SETUP DEL while in the delete calibration panel of the GLP The user calibration will be deleted and the E factory calibration will be restored d The instrument will enter automatically in measurement mode 4 Setup mode allows viewing and modifying the instrument parameters The blinking CAL tag during setup mode suggest to press CAL CHECK for parameters editing To enter exit SETUP press SETUP DEL To select the parameter to be edit press UP or DOWN keys until the desired panel i
40. ndexed and use this new index as the position mark For indexing one cuvet or matching multiple cuvets the continuous reading mode is suggested In this mode if READ TIMER gt kept pressed multiple successive readings are taken without turning off the lamp After first reading is displayed it is possible to open the cuvet lid and rotate the cuvet without generating an error condition The turbidity is immediately displayed reducing considerably the measurement time The lamp of the instrument will turn off only when READ TIMER is released Note The instrument can not perform continuous readings if the average mode is on 15 In order to index a cuvet follow the next steps Fill the cuvet with high quality water lt 0 1 NTU up to the 10 mL mark 10 Clean and oil the cuvet as described before Turn the instrument ON Insert the cuvet into the instrument and press READ TIMER gt Record the reading Open the instrument lid slightly rotate the cuvet and take a new reading Repeat the last step until you read the lowest NTU value Alternatively keep the READ TIMER gt pressed and after the first value is displayed open the lid and start rotating the cuvet until the lowest NTU value is displayed Mark this position on the thicker white band on the top of the cuvet with a water resistant pencil Always use this position to align it with the sign on the instrument top 16 MATCHING MULTI
41. on number during logging 20 USB connector used to transfer data to the PC 10 DISPLAY DESCRIPTION Un Aa N aS SS a o co E Ht MN BBB gt 8 Lo ZERO p REC B a B 4 READ TAG TAG SO oie Battery icon When the instrument is powered by batteries at the start of the instrument the remaining battery life is displayed along with the battery icon When blinking the batteries are almost empty and need to be replaced Wait icon It is displayed along with the timer countdown in colorimeter range Measurement icon The icon shows the measuring scheme of the instrument Lamp icon The lamp icon is shown when the lamp is turned on Four digit main display The main display shows the measured value after one measurement Depending on the instrument working mode other values or messages are displayed Measurement units The turbidity is measured in NTU When average mode or continuous mode is selected the NTU tag blinks at each new displayed value For conversions in other units see Measurement Units section on page 7 Free amp Total Chlorine are measured in mg L is used to display the remaining batteries life AVG icon When selected in turbidimeter range only the measurement will be made in average mode The NTU tag blinks at each new displayed value Four digit secondary display The secondary display shows the current time if selected if not sele
42. on and should be used with caution if the battery life is an issue To further save the battery life the instrument will turn off after 15 minutes of non use The backlight will be turn off after 25 seconds since the last key was pressed The battery life is measured each time the lamp is turned on and if the remaining battery life is less than 10 the blinking battery tag will be displayed on the LCD to warn the user that the batteries need to be replaced When the batteries are completely discharged 0 message will be displayed on the LCD for one second and the instrument will turn off In order to use the instrument again replace the batteries with new ones or use an AC adapter BATTERIES REPLACEMENT To replace the batteries follow the next steps Press ON OFF to turn OFF the instrument Open the batteries cover by pressing the locking dip Take out the used batteries and insert 4 new 1 5V M size batteries while paying attention to the correct polarity as indicated on the battery compartment 48 Replace the cover and press it until it locks the instrument ON Warning Replace batteries only in a non hazardous area USING AN AC ADAPTER The HI 93414 can be powered from the AC adapter when used in laboratory See the Accessories section to select the correct AC adapter To power the instrument simply connect the AC adapter to the instrument see page 10 Connectors Descriptio
43. operly calibrated If necessary calibrate the instrument 20 RANGE SELECTION The HI 93414 instrument has three measurement ranges e Turbidity from 0 00 to 1000 NTU Free chlorine from 0 00 to 5 00 mg L e Total chlorine from 0 00 to 5 00 mg L At startup the instrument shows for one second the range on the LCD The startup range is the last one used before turning off the instrument Before taking measurements check that the instrument is in the correct range or switch it to the correct one To switch between the existing ranges press RANGE A The selected range will be briefly displayed on the primary LCD and the instrument will enter in the new range The selection is circular the total chlorine range is followed by the turbidity range If the current time is hidden the selected range is displayed on the secondary LCD as turb F Cl or t If the current time is displayed on the LCD a range indication are the measuring units For free and total chlorine the units are mg L and for turbidity the units are NTU In this case when taking measurements or calibrating the instrument on the secondary LCD the parameter is displayed as turb F or t 0 21 E Lk L rr L LL MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE When taking turbidity free or total chlorine measurements several basic rules should be followed e Always use cuvets without scratches cracks because they can cause inaccurate re
44. press RCL GLP again LOG SEARCHING The log records are stored in chronological order The first displayed record is the last stored one Press UP or DOWN keys to scroll the log memory record by record By keeping pressed the UP or DOWN keys the scrolling speed will increase The scrolling of the log is possible from any panel of the record except Delete last log and Delete all logs panels When scrolling the log the record number is displayed for one second on the secondary LCD together with TAG if the identification of the sampling location was made After this the range is displayed on the secondary LCD as turb FCI or When the end of the log is reached a long beep will be heard RECORD VIEWING Each record contains more information than the measured value The additional information is grouped in several panels Press READ TIMER gt to scroll through the record panels The record panels are displayed one by one in a circular way Each record contains the following panels The record value turbidity free or total chlorine value and range Note If the logged sample value is an over range reading the maximum value will be displayed blinking The hexadecimal string of the tag for the sampling location ID Note Ifthe ID data is missing dashes are displayed instead 38 RCL GLP or ZERO AVG Y RANGE A READ TIMER gt nn Li NTU REC TA
45. ps when sampling Gently mix the water before taking the sample f the sample is taken from a pipe discard the first few liters f measuring a non uniform source collect samples from different places and mix them When measuring the collected sample keep in mind the following Samples should be analyzed immediately after collection because the turbidity can change in time o avoid dilution of the sample it is better to rinse the cuvet with a quantity of sample and then discard Only after this you can fill the cuvet with sample Pay attention that cold samples do not condense the sample cell REMOVING AIR BUBBLES TURBIDITY only Any air bubbles present in the sample will cause high turbidity readings To obtain accurate measurements remove the air bubbles using one of these methods Application of partial vacuum e Addition of a surfactant such as Triton X 100 Use of an ultrasonic bath Heating the sample Sometimes it is necessary to combine two or more methods for efficient air bubble removal Note Each method can alter the sample turbidity if misused so they have to be used with caution 18 APPLICATION OF VACUUM Vacuum works by decreasing the atmospheric pressure In this way the bubbles from the solution come out to the surface Application of vacuum is a very simple procedure and can be applied with any vacuum source at hand The simplest equipment at hand is a syringe and a
46. re is activated in SETUP EPA tag will appear on the LCD and the readings will be rounded to meet EPA reporting requirements as shown in the table NIU Rad to Nearest 004 0 006 140 01 1040 1 4 100 5 100 400 10 400 1000 50 gt 1000 10 24 FREE AND TOTAL CHLORINE MEASUREMENT To take colorimetric measurements follow next steps urn the instrument on by pressing ON OFF Assure that the correct range is selected by paying attention to the startup message or to the measuring units When dashes are displayed on the LCD the instrument is ready The current time appears on the secondary LCD if selected in SETUP menu or F Cl or t Cl if the time is not displayed The ZERO tag will blink suggesting that zero measurement should be done ZEROING THE INSTRUMENT Fill a dean dry cuvet with 10 mL of sample up to the mark taking care to handle the cuvet by the top Replace the cap 10 mL gt Wipe the cuvet thoroughly with a lint free cloth to remove any fingerprints dirt or water spots Place the cuvet into the instrument Align the mark on the cuvete with the sign on the instrument top and close the lid Note If you have a cuvet with orientation mark place the cuvete with the orientation mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top Press ZERO AVG v The dashes will blink on the primary LCD If the zeroing procedure was zero ave v successful the display will s
47. rk place the cuvet into the instrument with the orientation mark aligned with the sign on the instrument top 22 NORMAL MEASUREMENT This type of measurement can be used for regular readings when the sample is stable and normal accuracy is required In normal measurement mode the lamp is ON for a minimum period of time about 7 seconds saving the battery life Normal measurement takes about 10 seconds If normal measurement is selected the AVG tag will not be displayed Press READ TIMER to start the measurement The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet detectors and lamp will appear during measurement READ TIMER gt At the end of the measurement the instrument directly displays turbidity in NTU CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT This measurement mode can be used when many measurements have to be taken in a short period of time The feature is also useful to evaluate a very fast settling sample This measurement mode is recommended for indexing cuvets After the first reading is taken the lid opening will not generate any errors The first value is displayed after about 10 seconds and then a new reading is displayed each second In order to take a continuous measurement keep READ TIMER pressed until the desired number of measurements are taken The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet detectors and lamp will appear When new value is displayed the cuvet icon and the mea
48. rubber stopper for vacuum degassing Notes Pay attention that the vacuum equipment be clean and oil free t is not recommended to apply vacuum to a viscous sample that contains volatile components In such cases the vacuum can determine the volatile component of the viscous sample to increase the bubbles from the sample ADDITION OF SURFACTANT Surfactant addition works by changing the surface tension of the water In this way bubbles are released from the sample This method is effective in samples that are supersaturated with air The procedure consists in the addition of a drop of surfactant in the cuvet before adding the sample to be analyzed A convenient surfactant to use for degassing is Triton X 100 Warning Pay attention that changing the surface tension will cause a rapid settling of particles that cause turbidity To avoid this problem analyze as soon as possible the sample Do not shake vigorously the sample because the surfactant may foam If you are using the same cuvet rinse it before adding a new sample in order to avoid surfactant accumulation Surfactant contribution to the turbidity readings is negligible Note Surfactant addition should be used for degassing only when other methods are ineffective USE OF AN ULTRASONIC BATH The ultrasonic waves are very effective in removing air bubbles from samples However ultrasonic waves should be used with care because they can alter sample turbidity characteristics by mod
49. s displayed Press UP or DOWN keys also to change the value of a parameter start stop editing parameter press CAL CHECK To save the new selected value of a parameter press LOG CFM e SETUP DEL A GLP AVG V CAL CHECK LOG CFM SET EPA COMPLIANCE MODE for turbidimeter range only When EPA compliance reading is ON EPA tag is displayed on the LCD and the reported values are rounded to meet EPA reporting requirements To start edit the EPA mode press CAL CHECK when EPA compliance reading panel is displayed The parameter setting and CFM tag will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set ON or OFF the EPA compliance mode Press LOG CFM to save the setting The new selected option of the parameter will be displayed on the LCD Alternatively press CAL CHECK to exit without saving the new settings 42 ZERO AVG V RANGE A on SET EPA LOG CFM SET BEEPER The HI 93414 has a built in beeper that signals the tag read the key press and the error conditions The beeper can be selected to be ON or OFF set the beeper ON OFF press CAL CHECK when set beeper panel is displayed The beeper status and CFM tag will start blinking Press the UP or DOWN keys to set the beeper ON OFF Press LOG CFM to save the change The new selected option will be displayed on the LCD Alternatively press CAL CHECK to exit without saving the changes SHOW
50. scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted The scattering of the light that passes through a liquid is primarily caused by the suspended solids The higher the turbidity the greater the amount of scattered light Because even the molecules in a very pure fluid scatter light to a certain degree no solution will have zero turbidity The USEPA Method 180 1 specify the key parameters for the optical system to measure turbidity for drinking saline and surface water in a 0 to 40 NTU range using the nephelometric method The HI 93414 instrument is designed to meet or exceed the criteria specified by the USEPA Method 180 1 and Standard Method 2130 B The light beam that passes through the sample is scattered in all directions The intensity and pattern of the scattered light is affected by many variables like wavelenght of the incident light particle size shape refractive index and color The Hanna s HI 93414 is based on a state of the art optical system that guarantee both high performance and reliable results This optical system includes tungsten filament lamp a scattered light detector 90 and a transmitted light detector 180 For the colorimeter range the optical system is based on the turbidimeter tungsten lamp and a separate detector with a narrow band interference filter 525 nm to guarantee both high performance and reliable results for colorimetric measurements FILTER TRANSMITTED LIGHT LENS LAMP CUVET 100 c EMIT
51. surement unit will briefly blink The last value remains on the display after the READ TIMER is released AVERAGED MEASUREMENT Select this measurement mode when samples that cause unstable readings are analyzed By averaging several readings the random noise generated by the sample is reduced and accurate measurements can be taken This mode can also be selected when high accuracy measurements are desired In the average mode 10 measurements are averaged in a short period of time about 20 seconds The initial value is displayed after 10 seconds and the display is updated every second with an intermediate value o select the averaged measurement mode press ZERO AVG When this mode is selected the AVG icon will be displayed on the LCD 23 Press READ TIMER to startthe average reading The display will show blinking dashes and the icons for cuvet detectors and lamp will amp appear during measurement When a new READ TIMER gt intermediate value is displayed the cuvet icon and the measurement unit will briefly blink When the measurement is ended the final averaged result is displayed directly in NTU RANGE AND UNITS 93414 automatically selects the correct turbidity range to display the results with the highest accuracy If the measured value is higher than 1000 NTU over range the display will show the maximum value blinking The instrument has an EPA compliance reading mode If this featu
52. tion To validate your warranty fill out and return the enclosed warranty card within 14 days from the date of purchase TABLE OF CONTENTS WARRANTY 2 PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION sssscccccccssssssssssssesssssttttttssssnsssssssssssessseeeeeeeesseesseeseessittmmttutnnnnseseseeeeee 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION s teeth 4 IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM 5 ABBREVIATIONS o 5 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION reet tecnici ocu 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION cette titolo geehrte eret 9 sale c 12 GENERAL TIPS FOR AN ACCURATE MEASUREMENT ttn 14 a gaesisa ue 2 MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE ttn 22 CALIBRATION PROCEDURE oiiire ane 28 M 37 GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE GLP oe 40 sj 4 ICO esset metet tete etant tie EE pe ree 46 INSTALLATION ettet erret E 47 s 2s t8sssessseossecoacsssvv acclcctadecelecedissssassSustuenduvoecsbocssdeeedseciethsbedc ec ctbastashseesbocasaveed 47 BATTERI ES MANAGEMENT eccentric teet 48 Midi acm T E 50 dod da beds 50 5 5 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USERS
53. y formazin standards can be used It is recommended that the turbidity value of the prepared calibration solutions to be close to the default calibration points The first calibration point should be near 0 NTU the second point can be chosen between 10 and 20 NTU the third point between 50 and 150 NTU and the fourth point between 600 and 900 NTU FORMAZIN PREPARATION In order to prepare formazin 4000 NTU stock solution follow the next procedure Solution Dissolve 1 000 grams of hydrazine sulfate NH 50 in distilled deionized water and dilute to 100 ml in a volumetric flask Warning Handle hydrazine sulfate with care because it is carcinogen reagent Avoid inhalation ingestion or skin contact Formazin solution can also contain some hydrazine traces Solution Il Dissolve 10 000 grams of hexamethylenetetramine CH2 N in distilled deionized water and dilute to 100 ml in a volumetric flask Stock solution Mix 10 mL Solution and 10 mL Solution Il in a flask Let the stock solution stays 48 hours at 25 3 C 77 5 F This will result in a 4000 NTU formazin suspension It is very important for the formation of the formazin polymer to maintain the same temperature The stock solution 4000 NTU can be stored up to one year in proper conditions Store formazin in amber glass bottle or any UV light blocking bottle To obtain a high quality formazin always use pure reagents and high purity water To prepare the calibration standards d
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