Furuno MODEL 1622 Radar Detector User Manual
Contents
1. 15 2 Gellerdisstes eet uA uo LA LE uA Ets EC A 15 2 2 False EOS pes tle tei ee ote heats deest 16 2 3 SART Search and Rescue 17 2 M Racon RR EET 19 3 MAINTENANCE TROUBLESHOOTIING 21 S IMMISIT Ouch 21 3 2 Replacing the FUSE 21 3 3 22 3 4 Magnetron Replacement eir ee cp tee ire Ee HU 22 3 5 Synchro Belt Beplacerrent dm o at ane d eost qut 22 SPECIFICATIONS dicm bre SP 1 gt quc Dp T Index 1 Declaration of Conformity INTRODUCTION A Word to FURUNO Model 1622 Owners FURUNO Electric Company thanks you for purchasing the MODEL 1622 Marine Radar We are confident you will discover why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability For over 50 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and reliability throughout the world This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers Your radar is designed and const2. Figure 1 3 Dialogue for adjustment of LCD tone and brilliance 2 Press 4 or the TONE key to adjust tone A or v to adjust brilliance The dialogue for adjustment of tone and brilliance is automatically erased when there is no TrackDisk operation for about 10 seconds To erase it more quickly press the TONE key after making the adjustment 1 6 Selecting the Range The range selected automatically determines the range ring interval the number of range rings and pulse repetition rate Press the or key to select a range The range and range ring interval appear at the top left corner on the screen Range 60wv Range ring 77s interval ka e dg 045 0 L 3 35 Figure 1 4 Location of range and range ring interval indications 1 7 Receiver Sensitivity The GAIN key adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver It works in precisely the same manner as the volume control of a broadcast receiver amplifying the signals received You can adjust the sensitivity manually or let the unit do it automatically In either case the proper setting is such that the background noise is just visible on the screen Adjust the sensitivity on the highest range since the background noise is clearer on that range If you set up for too little sensitivity weak echoes may be missed On the other hand excessive sensitivity yields too much background noise
3. 1 14 Control Panel Brilliance 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select DIMMER 3 Select level desired 3 is the highest level of illumination Press the MENU key gt 1 15 Measuring the Range The bearing to a target can be measured by the range rings by the cursor and by the VRM Variable Range Marker Measuring range by the range rings Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target Check the range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring Measuring range by VRM 1 Press the VRM key to turn on the VRM 2 Within 10 seconds after turning on the VRM that is while VRM is highlighted press A or V to place the VRM on the inside edge of the target 3 Check the VRM readout at the bottom left corner on the screen To erase the VRM press and hold down the VRM key until the VRM disappears Note The VRM is frozen on the display when the VRM key is pressed a second time or 10 seconds elapses without pressing A or V When the VRM is fixed on the screen VRM is not highlighted Target Cursor VRM VRM 2 42 NM 2 42 NM VRM Cursor range range Figure 1 13 How to measure range by the cursor and VRM 1 16 Measuring the Bearing The bearing to a target can be measured by using the cursor or the EBL Measuring bearing by the EBL 1 Press the EBL key to turn on the EBL 2 Within 10 s
4. FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD Manufacturer 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Address declare under our sole responsibility that the product 6 LCD Radar Model 1622 for recreational crafts Serial No 3393 0002 Model name serial number is in conformity with the essential requirements as described in the Directive 1999 5 EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment R amp TTE Directive and satisfies all the technical regulations applicable to the product within this Directive EN 60945 1997 01 IEC 945 Third edition 1996 11 KSR 142 Annex 1 title and or number and date of issue of the standard s or other normative document s For assessment see Statement of Opinion N 002141 14 AA 00 of 5 December 2000 issued by KTL Certification The Netherlands Test report FLI 12 00 017 of July 16 2000 and FLI 12 00 019 of July 16 2000 prepared by Furuno Labotech International Co Ltd On behalf of Furuno Electric Co Ltd T AZ Hiroaki Komatsu Nishinomiya City Japan Manager December 18 2000 International Rules and Regulations Place and date of issue name and signature or equivalent marking of authorized person
5. 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select DSPL ON STBY 3 Select NAV 4 Press the MENU key WP 215 5 M 12 5NM CSE SPD 210 5 12KT LL 34 42 25 N 135 24 12 E 36378 1 Ua 59096 4 TEMP 18 5 C DEPTH 125m Figure 1 24 Sample navigation data screen shown during stand by Note Nav data can be accepted from two sources navigator and video sounder When two of the same type of equipment is outputting data and it is not the same the two sets of data are alternately displayed automatically Unit of measurement for depth and water temperature The unit of measurement for depth and water temperature external sensor required can be selected with the EBL key in the sequence of Meters Centigrade Feet Fahrenheit Fathoms Centigrade See notes on next page for further information Note 1 External sensor must be capable of 1 27 Selecting Ranges to Use outputting such data to select it on this radar This radar has 13 ranges some you may not Note 2 A location is blank when there is no require You can select the ranges to use as corresponding data follows Note 3 To receive data from multiple 1 Press the MENU key equipment all data must be combined into one 2 Select RANGE on page 2 of the menu data line with a data mixing device 3 Select range to use and press the EBL key 1 26 Echoes in Black or White Press the MENU key gt The default setting displays echoes in black on a
6. Heat can alter equipment shape and melt the power cord which can cause fire or electrical shock The useable temperature ranges are Antenna unit 25 C to 70 C Display unit 15 C to 55 C CAUTION WARNING LABEL The warning label shown below is attached to the display unit Do not remove this label If the label is peeling off or is illegible contact FURUNO for replacement To avoid electrical shock do not remove cover No user serviceable parts inside Name Warning Label 1 Type 86 003 1011 0 Code No 100 236 230 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION erm c lii SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 2 cnn reor rne iv PRINCIPLE OF V T OPERATION beets 1 o oa elit en ES eI Etna eu 1 1 2 Indications and Markers 2 1 3 Turning thes Radar CE 3 1 4 Transmitting Stand by ace to ere e EE ne REC n ee nine esee es 3 1 5 ECD Tone and Brilliante ie 3 1 6 Selecting the secte nee aaa aana anana Id uada Wade HE 3 IN Eizo arii RP 4 1 8 Supptressilg eel a ndm te EP 4 T9 Suppressing Rain Clutter Ter Rote eo tete rtr hee et tac end 5 1 10 Range
7. ED 1 i uem A 4 F E j F Drag cursor j 3 n N ky N P o 1 Drag cursor to top left corner of zone and press GUARD Mentally create the guard zone to set o pui GUARD oe pui GUARD RN XS DE on y Sue Guard WR A Lo zone Wet 72 J Drag cursor a here A N Lp Pi NAN CES pd SS Guard zone completed 2 Drag cursor to bottom right corner of zone and press GUARD Figure 1 19 How to set a guard zone 3 About 10 seconds later GUARD replace G IN or G OUT Note When the radar range is less than one half of the guard zone range the guard zone disappears and the indication UP RNG replaces G IN or G OUT If this happens raise the range to redisplay the guard zone 10 Silencing the audible alarm When a target violates the guard zone the target flashes and the audible alarm sounds You can silence the audible alarm by pressing the GUARD key When this is done GUARD displayed in reverse video replaces G IN or G OUT and the guard zone is displayed in reverse video This means the audible alarm is temporarily deactivated Press the key again to reactivate the alarm Canceling the guard zone and guard alarm Press and hold down the GUARD key more than two seconds to erase the guard zone 1 21 Interferenc
8. Magnetron 22 Maintenance 2 21 Menu 6 Multiple echoes 16 N Nav Gata eet 12 P POWER Key 1 3 R Range 7 minimum and maximum 15 S lGGLIOTI essen 3 Range 7 nc RE 5 Ranges tO 13 S Ip 17 Shadow 17 SHIFT sinaba akak baba ak abab abab dilated akak akata 8 Sidelobe echoes 16 ALAE itte alla duda naba kakak baia 4 Synchro belt 22 T Target trails e tea e a ee eps 9 uec 3 TRAIL ci 9 Troubleshooting 22 TX KOy aapa aaa a a a aja maa aaa maa kaa akah 3 V 16 VRM Variable Range Marker 7 Misc 7 Watchman 1 11 Water temperature 12 2 ZOOM DEED MEME 8 Index 1 FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD UJ 59 UJ x Co 9 52 Ashihara Cho Nishinomiya City 662 8580 Hyogo Japan Tel 81 798 65 2111 Fax 81 798 65 4200 Declaration of Conformity
9. R Cursor 4 ZOOM L L N e e Lif ads AA UN A NT 1 Place cursor 2 Press ZOOM where desired Figure 1 16 Zoom function 3 Toturn off the zoom function press the ZOOM key again Note 1 The zoom feature is inoperative when the display is shifted Note 2 Zoom function is not available on 0 125 1 8 nm range 1 19 Target Trails Target trails are simulated afterglow of target echoes that represent their movements relative to own ship TRAIL PIE Trail time 3 min echo trail ON TRAIL 52 D La s Figure 1 17 Target trails Starting target trail Press the TRAIL key to start the echo trail function TRAIL and the target trail time selected appear at the top right corner on the screen Then afterglow starts extending from all targets Canceling target trail Press the TRAIL key to erase target trails and target trail indications Trail time 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select TRAIL TIME on page 2 of the menu 3 Select target trail time desired continuous 30 seconds 1 3 or 6 min as appropriate 4 Press the MENU key Trail brilliance 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select TRAIL BRILL on page 2 of the menu Select HIGH or LOW as appropriate Press the MENU key 1 20 Guard Alarm Zone The guard alarm allows the operator to set the desired range and bearing for a guard zone When ships islands
10. Rings cce aee ____________________________ din 5 E aaa ae 5 1 12 Heading croi o oen eeu LO LL LARA LE 6 1 13 Menu OD GF AMON cec cn t ete ert re bete EE CI peto deme ue 6 1 14 Control Panel Brilliance cts esses eet eter te retrait be Roe ERU eben eden cach ER bna dee Rea daa 7 115 Measurngdhe Range um aan bayi aede rti e eife ione testo Beber ee 7 1 16 Measuring the Bearing 5 be re tee aban NAME eta cu uu aa doe a exa 8 1 17 Shifting ottime eei ette er OR e Ove 8 eve toic tuat dca Metus eae n nM onde et ELA etn Df 8 i e 9 o etre tte a ta an oret adele aga da EN aa pa a da usen aan A 9 1 21 Interference Rejector RM I e 10 1 22 Strelch oe pad leq eee aq ee E qu tede tab Enden 11 seca ced tent fee 11 1 24 Navigation Dala eee etus eo obierat va etn pl ere s Seu bee b tip e ttbi 12 1 25 Displaying Navigation Data During 12 126 Echoes in Black or Wes ote tob ere prn te eR Ree 13 1 27 Selecting Ranges to Use uere bet qe ute Ee 13 2 RADAR OBSERVATION
11. a guard zone Operates on 12V or 24V power and consumes approx 35 watts power Position in latitude and longitude speed and range and bearing to a waypoint can be shown in the bottom text area Requires navigation data input in NMEA 0183 format Navigation data such as position water temperature and depth can be shown during stand by Requires appropriate sensors LCD equipped with temperature sensor with maintains viewability under temperature change Can be connected to Radar Remote Display FMD 1712 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ANTENNA UNIT RSB 0060 SIGNAL CABLE Select one MJ A10SPF0003 050 5 m MJ A10SPF0003 100 10 m MJ A10SPF0003 150 15 m MJ A10SPF0003 200 20 m 0359175 30 m option for 24 only NMEA 0183 Cable _ _________ MJ A6SPF0012 050 5 m MJ A6SPF0012 100 10 m 1 NAVIGATOR 1 NMEA 0183 1 4 1 DISPLAY UNIT SOUNDER RDP 125 SIGNAL CABLE ASSY MJ A10SPF0008 XXX 1 supplied with FMD 1712 RADAR REMOTE DISPLAY i FMD 1712 Ll mu tm ANI m EXTERNAL BUZZER OP03 136 0 POWER CABLE RECTIFIER ____ PR 62 MJ A3SPF0013 035 Options shown with MA d ena dashed lines 1 SHIP S MAINS 100 110 115 220 230 VAC SHIP S MAINS 12 24 VDC PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION What is Radar The term RADAR is an acronym meaning RAdi
12. if Replace corroded bolts Coat new antenna unit tightly fastened bolts with anticorrosive sealant Antenna unit Check for foreign material Clean the antenna unit with a cleanliness Foreign material on the freshwater moistened cloth antenna unit can cause a Alcohol may be used Do not use considerable drop in commercial cleaners to clean the sensitivity antenna unit they can remove paint and markings 3106 months Antenna unit Check for cracks Permanent If a crack is found it should be cover damage to the unit s circuitry temporarily repaired by using a will result if water leaks inside small amount of sealing compound or adhesive The unit should then be brought to your dealer for permanent repairs LCD The LCD will in time Wipe the LCD gently with a soft accumulate a coating of dust cloth Do not use commercial which tends to dim the picture cleaners to clean the LCD they can remove paint and markings 6 months Display unit Check for tight connection and If corroded see your dealer about to 1 year connectors corrosion replacement 3 2 Replacing the Fuse The fuse 5A in the power cable protects the equipment against reverse polarity of ship s mains overcurrent and equipment fault If the fuse blows find the cause before replacing it Never use a fuse rated for more than 5A since overfusing can cause serious damage to the equipment and void the warranty 21 3 3 Troubleshooting Table 3 2 provides
13. rain or snow produce spray like spurious echoes which impair target detection over a long distance These echoes can be suppressed by turning on the FTC key FTC appears at the top right corner on the screen when the FTC circuit is on FTC adjusted rain clutter suppressed Rain clutter at screen center Figure 1 10 Appearance of rain clutter 1 10 Range Rings The range rings are the concentric circles around own ship and they provide an estimated of target range The selected range scale automatically determines the number of rings and their interval is displayed at the upper left corner on the screen To turn the range rings on or off press the EBL and VRM keys together 1 11 Cursor The cursor is always displayed and functions to measure the range and bearing to a target Operate the TrackDisk to place the cursor on the inside edge of the target for range or center of the target for bearing The range and bearing to the cursor appear at the bottom right corner on the display 6 0 NM 20 Target Cursor Range and bearing to cursor Figure 1 11 How to measure range and bearing with the cursor 1 12 Heading Marker The heading marker indicates the ship s heading and it is the solid line which appears at zero degrees on the bearing scale To temporarily erase the heading marker to look at targets existing dead ahead of own ship press the MENU and GUARD keys together Re
14. white background However you may reverse this arrangement as shown below Note that the default setting echoes in black is restored when the power is turned off 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select VIDEO 3 Select RVS 4 Press the MENU key 13 14 2 RADAR OBSERVATION 2 1 General Minimum and maximum ranges Minimum range The minimum range is defined by the shortest distance at which using a scale of 1 5 or 0 75 nm a target having an echoing area of 10 m is still Shown separate from the point representing the antenna position It is mainly dependent on the pulselength antenna height and signal processing such as main bang suppression and digital quantization It is a good practice to use a shorter range scale as far as it gives favorable definition or clarity of picture Maximum range The maximum detecting range of the radar Rmax varies considerably depending on several factors such as the height of the antenna above the waterline the height of the target above the sea the size shape and material of the target and the atmospheric conditions Under normal atmospheric conditions the maximum range is equal to the radar horizon or a little shorter The radar horizon is longer than the optical one by about 696 because of the diffraction property of the radar signal The Rmax is given in the following equation Rmax 2 2 x h1 2 where Rmax radar horizon nautical miles h1 antenna heig
15. LP OPERATOR S MANUAL MARINE RADAR MODEL 1622 0 FURUNO ELECTRIC LTD NISHINOMIYA JAPAN PRINTED IN JAPAN FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD 9 52 Ashihara cho Nishinomiya Japan Telephone 0798 65 2111 Telefax 0798 65 4200 PUB No OME 34520 DAMI MODEL1622 Your Local Agent Dealer FIRST EDITION JUN 1999 J2 OCT 7 2002 OME34520J20 SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS A WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD Do not open the equipment Only qualified personnel should work inside the equipment Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit Post a warn ing sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced Prevent the potential risk of being struck by the rotating antenna and exposure to radiation hazard Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast Do not disassemble or modify the equipment Fire electrical shock or serious injury can result Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equip ment is emitting smoke or fire Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock A WARNING Use the proper fuse Fuse rating is shown on the equipment Use of a wrong fuse can result in equipment damage Keep heater away from equipment
16. arts transmitting to alert the operator Canceling watchman Press any key at any time If done while transmitting watchman is disabled and the normal display appears In stand by the timer appears and counts down from one minute and then the radar goes into stand by 11 1 24 Navigation Data With navigation data input in NMEA 0183 format navigation data can be displayed at the screen bottom Navigation data includes position course speed and range and bearing to destination waypoint if set on navaid Waypoint is shown on the screen by a lollipop mark a dashed ring which is connected to the screen center own position by a dashed line You may turn it off or on by pressing FTC and SHIFT together 6 0 20 1 CM VA N r Waypoint mark 17 0 CSE Course 2 6 18 0 34 38 99 SPD Speed 135 19 22 4 EBL 45 02 255 0 VRM 2 42 NM 3 35 NM Bearing and range to waypoint Bearing shown as magnetic bearing M or true bearing T Own ship position Figure 1 23 Sample navigation data display Turning on the navigation data display 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select NAV DATA 3 Select ON 4 Press the MENU key 12 1 25 Displaying Navigation Data During Stand by Navigation data may be displayed during stand by requires external sensors as follows
17. de No 000 808 743 22 SPECIFICATIONS OF MARINE RADAR 1 GENERAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Indication System MODEL 1622 PPI Daylight display raster scan 4 tones in monochrome Range Pulselength PL amp Pulse Repetition Rate PRR Range nm 0 125 0 25 0 5 0 75 1 1 5 2 3 4 6 8 12 16 Pulse Length 0 12 us short 0 3 Us medium 0 8 long Pulse Repetition Rate 2100 Hz nominal 1200 Hz nominal 600 Hz nominal Range Resolution Better than 50 m Bearing Discrimination Within 7 7 Minimum Range 41 m Bearing Accuracy Within 1 Range Ring Accuracy 2 SCANNER UNIT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Radiator Polarization Antenna Rotation Speed Radiator Length Horizontal Beamwidth Vertical Beamwidth Sidelobe Attenuation 3 TRANSCEIVER MODULE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Modulation Peak Output Power Modulator Intermediate Frequency Tuning Receiver Front End Bandwidth Duplexer 10 Time of Heat up 0 9 96 of range or 8 m whichever is the greater Micro strip Horizontal 24 rpm nominal 34 cm Less than 6 2 25 Less than 20 dB 9410 MHz 330MHBz X band PON 2 2kW FET Switching Method 60 MHz Automatic MIC Microwave IC 7 MHz Circulator with diode limiter 1 min approx SP 1 4 DISPLAY UNIT 1 Picture Tube 2 Display Pixels 6 inch rectangular monochrome LCD 240 H x 320 V
18. dots Effective radar display area 240 x 240 dots 3 Range Range Interval Number of Rings Range NM 10125 025 os 1075 1 152 3 4 6 s 1216 4 Markers 5 Alphanumeric Indications 6 Input Data Own ship s position Speed Heading True Heading Magnetic Course True Course Magnetic Waypoint Range Bearing Loran time difference Water depth Water temperature Heading Line Bearing Scale Range Rings Variable Range Marker VRM Electronic Bearing Line EBL Tuning Bar Cursor Parallel Cursor Alarm Zone Waypoint Mark navigation input required North Mark heading sensor input required Range Range Ring Interval Display Mode HU Interference Rejection IR Variable Range Marker VRM Electronic Bearing Line EBL Stand by ST B Y Guard Alarm GUN G OUT UP RANGE Echo Stretch ES Range and Bearing to Cursor Bearing or L L Position Echo Tailing TRAIL Trailing Time Trailing Elapsed Time Watchman WATCHMAN Zoomed Display ZOOM Navigation Data navigation input required Heading HDC heading sensor input required NMEA0183 Ver 1 5 2 0 GGA gt RMA gt RMC gt GLL RMA gt RMC gt VTG gt VBW gt gt gt gt RMA gt RMC gt VTG VTG gt RMA RMB gt BWC gt BWR RMA gt GLC gt GTD DPT gt DBK gt DBS gt DBT MTW 1 calculate by magnetic drift 5 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION 1 Ambient Temperature 2 Relative Hu
19. dths of 3 5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10 25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART Radar side lobes As the SART is approached sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings These can be removed by the use of the anti clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship Gain For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range detection should be used that is with background noise speckle visible STC control For optimum range SART detection this control should be set to the minimum Care should be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured Note also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable irrespective of the setting of the anti clutter sea control In this case the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9 5 nm miles from the furthest dot back towards own ship Some sets have automatic manual anti clutter sea control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual 18 FTC control This should be used n
20. e Rejector Mutual radar interference may occur in the vicinity of another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band 9 GHz It is seen on the screen as a number of bright spikes either in irregular patterns or in the form of usually curved spoke like dotted lines extending from the center to the edge of the picture This type of interference can be reduced by activating the interference rejector circuit IR appears at the top right corner when the interference rejector circuit is on 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select INT REJECT 3 Select ON or OFF 4 Press the MENU key Figure 1 20 Radar interference 1 22 Echo Stretch On long ranges target echoes tend to shrink in the range direction making them difficult to see On short and medium ranges such as 1 5 3 and 6 nm range scales the same sized targets get smaller on screen as they approach own ship This is due to the inherent property of the radiation pattern produced by the antenna To enhance target video use the echo stretch feature Echo stretch Pcs E Bue soe ar a ES 4 k A Echo 1 L m j E 3 stretched in range direction t EATE As Zo bb YAN Echo stretch OFF Echo stretch ON Figure 1 21 Echo stretch 1 Press the MENU key 2 Select ECHO STRETCH 3 Select ON or OFF 4 Press the MENU key ES appears at the top right corner on the screen when the echo stretch fea
21. e automatic manual anti clutter sea control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual FTC control This should be used normally to break up areas of rain when trying to detect a SART response which being a series of dots is not affected by the action of the anti clutter rain circuitry Note that Racon responses which are often in the form of a long flash will be affected by the use of this control Some sets have automatic manual anti clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual 2 4 Racon Radar Beacon A racon is a radar transponder which emits a characteristic signal when triggered by a ship s radar usually only the 3 centimeter band The signal may be emitted on the same frequency as that of the triggering radar in which case it is superimposed on the ship s radar display automatically The racon signal appears on the as a radial line originating at a point just beyond the position of the radar beacon or as a Morse code signal figure below displayed radially from just beyond the beacon Racon Figure 2 7 Appearance of Racon signal on the radar display 19 20 3 MAINTENANCE TROUBLESHOOTING 3 1 Maintenance Regular maintenance is important for good performance A maintenance program should be established and should at least include the items listed in Table 3 1 Table 3 1 Maintenance program Fixing bolts for Check for corrosion and
22. econds after turning on the EBL that is while EBL is highlighted press 4 to bisect the target with EBL 3 Check the EBL readout at the bottom left corner on the screen To erase the EBL press and hold down the EBL key until the EBL disappears Note The EBL is frozen on the screen when the EBL key is pressed a second time or 10 seconds elapses without pressing 4 or gt When the EBL is fixed on the screen EBL is not highlighted 6 0 NM 2 PVG NGA ANN ABO Cursor EBL 45 0 L335ww bearing BL bearing Figure 1 14 Measuring bearing by the cursor and the EBL 1 17 Shifting the Display Your vessel s position can be shifted backward by 1 3 of the range to increase the forward range without changing the range or size of targets Press the SHIFT key to turn the shifted display on off mU 4 6 P di 1 1 J 1 d Press i i 6 SHIFT 4 3 2 a M Normal display Shifted display Figure 1 15 Shifting the display 1 18 Zoom The zoom feature allows you to double the size of the area between your vessel and any location within the current range to take a closer look at an area of interest 1 Select location with the cursor 2 Press the ZOOM key ZOOM on flashing gk mt PB ZOOM viri K y MN Ke Ah F A F Cursor 4 j Press
23. ht m h2 target height m Radar horizon Optical horizon Figure 2 1 Radar horizon For example if the height of the antenna above the waterline is 9 meters and the height of the target is 16 meters the maximum radar range is Rmax 2 2 x 9 16 2 2 x 3 4 154 It should be noted that the detection range is reduced by precipitation which absorbs the radar signal Radar resolution There are two important factors in radar resolu tion discrimination bearing resolution and range resolution Bearing resolution Bearing resolution is the ability of the radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are at the same range and close together It is proportional to the antenna length and reciprocally proportional to the wavelength The length of the antenna radiator should be chosen for a bearing resolution better than 2 5 degrees Range resolution Range resolution is the ability to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are on the same bearing and close to each other This is determined by pulselength only Practically a 0 08 microsecond pulse offers the discrimination better than 35 m as do so with all FURUNO radars Test targets for determining the range and bearing resolution are radar reflectors having an echoing area of 10 m Bearing accuracy One of the most important features of the radar is how accurately the bearing of a target ca
24. landmasses etc violate the guard zone an audible alarm sounds to call the operator s attention The alarm will sound on targets entering or exiting the zone depending on zone status after setting the alarm A CAUTION The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations STC FTC and GAIN controls should be properly adjusted to be sure the alarm system does not overlook target echoes How guard zone type is determined After the guard zone is set the radar starts searching for targets inside the guard zone for about 8 to 12 seconds When it finishes searching it displays the results of the search as G IN or G OUT at the top right corner on the screen G IN When no target exists in the zone G IN appears The audible alarm sounds to targets which enter the guard zone G OUT When there are targets in the guard zone the screen shows OUT The audible alarm sounds on all targets which exist in the guard zone a Inward target alarm Figure 1 18 Inward and outward alarms b Outward target alarm Setting a guard zone 1 Operate the TrackDisk to place the cursor at the top left corner of the zone and press the GUARD key 2 Operate the TrackDisk to place the cursor at the bottom right corner of the zone and press the GUARD key Asterisk blinking Guard yey GUARD ccs E zone gt 3 4
25. lease the keys to display the marker again 1 13 Menu Operation The menu contains ten functions which normally do not require frequent adjustment in everyday operation Basic menu operation is as below Basic menu operation 1 Press the MENU key to display the menu PRESS v A TO SELECT MENU ITEM 4 gt TO CHANGE SETTING 1 ECHO STRETCH ON 2 INT REJECT EN OFF 3 NAV DATA ON 4 VIDEO RVS 5 WATCHMAN s 10m 20M 6 DIMMER 01 28 Press W at page boundaries to switch between menus PRESS v A TO SELECT MENU ITEM lt gt TO CHANGE SETTING 7 DSPLONSTBY NAV 8 TRAIL TIME CONT 30S 3M 6M 9 TRAIL BRILL HIGH 10 RANGE NM GAA 15 5 2 Default settings in highlight Figure 1 12 Menus 2 Press A Or Y to select item 3 Press 4 or to select option 4 Press the MENU key to register option and close the menu Table 1 1 Menu description Menu Item Description 1 ECHO STRETCH Stretches echoes in the range direction 2 INT REJECT Suppresses radar interference 3 NAV DATA Turns navigation data on off 4 VIDEO Displays echoes in black or white 5 WATCHMAN Selects transmitting interval 6 DIMMER Adjusts control panel brilliance 7 DSPL ON STBY Turns navigation data display in standby on off 8 TRAIL TIME Select trail time target echo plotting interval 9 TRAIL BRILL Selects echo trail brilliance 10 RANGE Selects range to use
26. midity Scanner Unit 25 C to 70 C Display Unit 15 C to 55 C 95 or less at 40 C SP 2 3 Waterproofing Scanner Unit IPX6 Display Unit IPX5 4 Bearing Vibration 1 60945 6 POWER SUPPLY 1 Power Supply 12 24 VDC 3 2 1 3 A 35 W approx Watchman 8 W or less 7 DIMENSIONS AND MASS See the Outline Drawings 8 COATING COLOR 1 Display Unit Panel N3 0 Chassis 2 5GY5 1 5 2 Scanner Unit Cover N9 5 Bottom 2 5PB 3 5 10 9 COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE 1 Display Unit Standard 0 65 m Steering 0 50 m 2 Scanner Unit Standard 1 25 m Steering 0 95 m SP 3 INDEX B Bearing 8 C Control description 1 ge pe taii d bibet 5 D Depth nit Let aeu 12 DIMMER key 7 E EBL Electronic Bearing 8 EBIEKOya 8 Echo 13 Echo stretch roro eee LH oe ERR REPRE REESE 11 F False 16 gc m eet 5 Fuse 21 G GAIN keyi sitate t ra na te te he t sd 4 Guard Alar Eh eaaa 9 GUARD key 10 H Heading 6 1 MAGIC ATOMS cttm cte cueste 2 Interference 10 M
27. n be measured The accuracy of bearing measurement basically depends on the narrowness of the radar beam However the bearing is usually taken relative to the ship s heading and thus proper adjustment of the heading line at installation is an important factor in ensuring bearing accuracy To minimize error when measuring the bearing of a target put the target echo at the extreme position on the screen by selecting a suitable range 15 Range measurement Measurement of the range to a target is also a very important function of the radar Generally there are two means of measuring range the fixed range rings and the variable range marker VRM The fixed range rings appear on the screen with a predetermined interval and provide a rough estimate of the range to a target The variable range marker s diameter is increased or decreased so that the marker touches the inner edge of the target allowing the operator to obtain more accurate range measurements 2 2 False Echoes Occasionally echo signals appear on the screen at positions where there is no target or disappear even if there are targets They are however recognized if you understand the reason why they are displayed Typical false echoes are shown below Multiple echoes Multiple echoes occur when a transmitted pulse returns from a solid object like a large ship bridge or breakwater A second a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double t
28. ndwidth This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength Narrow bandwidths of 3 5 MHz are used with long pulses on long range and wide bandwidths of 10 25 MHz with short pulses on short ranges Any radar bandwidth of less than 5 MHz will attenuate the SART signal slightly so it is preferable to use a medium bandwidth to ensure optimum detection of the SART Radar side lobes As the SART is approached sidelobes from the radar antenna may show the SART responses as a series of arcs or concentric rings These can be removed by the use of the anti clutter sea control although it may be operationally useful to observe the sidelobes as they may be easier to detect in clutter conditions and also they will confirm that the SART is near to the ship Gain For maximum range SART detection the normal gain setting for long range detection should be used that is with background noise speckle visible STC control For optimum range SART detection this control should be set to the minimum Care should be exercised as wanted target in sea clutter may be obscured Note also that in clutter conditions the first few dots of the SART response may not be detectable irrespective of the setting of the anti clutter sea control In this case the position of the SART may be estimated by measuring 9 5 nm miles from the furthest dot back towards own ship Some sets hav
29. ning for warm up of the magnetron device which transmits radar pulses counting down from 1 00 to 0 00 Provided that the radar was once in use with the transmitter tube magnetron still warm you can turn on the radar into TRANSMIT status without the one minute stand by If the power switch has been turned off by mistake and you want to restart the radar promptly do the following 1 Press the POWER key not later than five seconds after power off 2 Press the TX key The radar is restored for full operation 1 4 Transmitting Stand by After the power is turned on and the magnetron has warmed up ST BY Stand By appears at the screen center indicating the radar is ready to transmit radar pulses Press the TX key to transmit Echoes appear in four levels of digitized video according to echo strength Note that when a target is beneath a marker VRM EBL heading marker range ring the part of the marker where the target lies is displayed in reverse video Note If you press the TX key before the indication ST BY appears the buzzer sounds and the radar does not transmit pulses When you won t be using the radar for an extended period but you want to keep it in a state of readiness press the TX key to set the radar in stand by 1 5 LCD Tone and Brilliance 1 Press the TONE key The dialogue shown in Figure 1 3 appears TONE 12 LOW 4 HIGH BRILL 3 LOW A HIGH
30. o Detection and Ranging It is a device which measures the time it takes for a pulsed signal to be reflected back from an object How Ships Determined Position Before Radar The use of echoes to determine position did not begin with radar Ships would sound a short blast on their whistles fire a shot or strike a bell as an aid to navigation when running in fog near a rugged shoreline The time between the origination of the sound and the returning of the echo indicated how far the ship was from the cliffs or the shore The direction from which the echo was heard indicated the relative bearing of the shore How Radar Determines Range Radar determines the range to the target by calculating the time difference between the transmission of a radar signal and the reception of the reflected echo It is a known fact that radar waves travel at a nearly constant speed of 162 000 nautical miles per second Therefore the time required for a transmitted signal to travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure of the range to the target Note that the echo makes a complete round trip but only half the time of travel is needed to determine the one way range to the target This radar automatically takes this into account in making the range calculation How Radar Determines Bearing The bearing to a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the radar antenna is pointing when it emits an electronic
31. ormally to break up areas of rain when trying to detect a SART response which being a series of dots is not affected by the action of the anti clutter rain circuitry Note that Racon responses which are often in the form of a long flash will be affected by the use of this control Some sets have automatic manual anti clutter rain control facilities in which case the operator should switch to manual When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps These additional dot responses which also are equally spaced by 0 64 nm will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots General procedure for detecting SART response 1 Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0 6 nm 1125 m to distinguish the SART 2 Turn off the automatic clutter suppression 3 Turn off the Interference Rejector General remarks on receiving SART SART range errors When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0 64 nm beyond the true position of the SART When the range closes so that the fast Sweep responses are seen also the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position Radar ba
32. pulse and then receives a returning echo Each time the antenna rotates pulses are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle each pulse at a slightly different bearing from the previous one Therefore if one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out one knows the direction from which the echo must return Radar Wave Speed and Antenna Rotation Speed The speed of the radar waves out to the target and back again as echoes is extremely fast compared to the speed of rotation of the antenna By the time radar echoes have returned to the antenna the amount of antenna rotation after initial transmission of the radar pulse is extremely small The Radar Display Targets are displayed on what is called a Plane Position Indicator This display is essentially a polar diagram with the transmitting ship s position at the center Images of target echoes are received and displayed at their relative bearings and at their distance from the PPI center With a continuous display of the images of targets the motion of targets is also displayed See the figure on the next page for a comparison of actual situation and radar picture 7 Own ship radar A Bird s eye view of situation Heading Line B Radar picture of A vi Targets VA Mra wo Own ship at center Range and bearing to a target relative to own ship are readable on the screen Note The rada
33. r screen does not discriminate bow or stern 1 OPERATION 1 1 Control Description TrackDisk Shifts cursor EBL VRM selects items on menus Opens closes the menu Turns EBL on off Decreases the range Adjusts receiver sensitivity Suppresses rain clutter Echo trails on off Adjusts LCD tone and brilliance Figure 1 1 Controls Activates disables the guard zone Press with MENU to hide heading marker Turns VRM on off Press with EBL to turn range rings on off Increases the range Suppresses sea clutter Shifts the display Zoom feature on off Toggles between TRANSMIT and STAND BY Turns power on off 1 2 Indications and Markers Range 1 3M TRAIL Target trails setting Beca un I 0 5 TE G IN Guard alarm IN or OUT interva ZOOM E 4 FTC Rain clutter suppressor Zoom ral EST Echo stretch N Watchman JR Interference rejector Guard d zone E S 5 xix Cursor E Heading line VEM Range rings E j N N N EBL bearing EBL 45 0 291 5 Range and bearing VRM range 1 25 0 73 to cursor Figure 1 2 Indications and markers 1 3 Turning the Radar On Off The POWER key turns the radar on off When turning on the power the control panel lights and the timer displays the time remai
34. riple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown below Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain sensitivity or properly adjusting the STC control True echo WM D Target Omit ship Multiple echo Figure 2 2 Multiple echoes 16 Sidelobe echoes Every time the radar pulse is transmitted some radiation escapes on each side of the beam called sidelobes If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range Sidelobes show usually only on short ranges and from strong targets They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the STC control Spurious Target B True Figure 2 3 Sidelobe echoes Virtual image A relatively large target close to your ship may be represented at two positions on the screen One of them is the true echo directly reflected by the target and the other is a false echo which is caused by the mirror effect of a large object on or close to your ship as shown in the figure below If your ship comes close to a large metal bridge for example such a false echo may temporarily be seen on the screen Target ship 1 Mirror image False of target ship echo Figure 2 4 Virtual image Shadow sectors Funnels stacks masts or derricks in
35. ructed to meet the rigorous demands of the marine environment However no machine can perform its intended function unless properly installed and maintained Please carefully read and follow the installation operation and maintenance procedures set forth in this manual We would appreciate feedback from you the end user about whether we are achieving our purposes Thank you for considering and purchasing FURUNO Features Your radar has a large variety of functions all contained in a rugged plastic case All controls respond immediately to the operator s command and each time a key is pressed the corresponding change can be seen on the Screen The main features of the MODEL 1622 are e Daylight viewing radar specially designed for small craft and sailing yachts Traditional FURUNO reliability and quality in a compact light weight and low cost radar Compact and light weight radome antenna with precision 34 cm center fed radiator Stepping scanner motor High definition 6 inch LCD display Automatic control of sensitivity and STC for simplified operation Targets can be displayed in black on white background or vice versa for optimal viewing under any lighting On screen alphanumeric readout of all operational information Standard features include Display Shift EBL Echo Stretch Target Trail Guard Alarm Interference Rejector VRM Zoom Guard zone watches for targets entering or exiting
36. s too over adjust the STC key so that the surface clutter is completely removed By setting up for maximum STC effect you will see how dangerous this can be a dark zone will be created near the center of the screen causing a loss of close in targets This dark zone is even more dangerous if the sensitivity has not been properly adjusted Always leave a little surface clutter visible on the screen If no clutter is observed on very calm waters turn off the circuit Sea clutter at Screen center STC adjusted sea clutter suppressed Figure 1 7 Appearance of sea clutter Automatic sea clutter control 1 Press the STC key once or twice to show the dialogue shown in Figure 1 8 AUTO STC MOD LOW 4 HIGH 1 BE 3 Figure 1 8 Dialogue for automatic adjustment of STC 2 Press 4 or gt to set level desired 1 Low 2 Normal 3 High Manual adjustment of sea clutter control 1 Press the STC key once or twice to display the dialogue shown in Figure 1 9 MAN STC MOD LOW 4 b HIGH Im miwmmIIIIITJS2e Figure 1 9 Dialogue for manual adjustment of STC 2 Press 4 or to set level desired 61 levels are available Note The dialogues for adjusting STC are automatically erased when there is no TrackDisk operation for 10 seconds To erase them quicker press the STC key after completing the setting 1 9 Suppressing Rain Clutter In adverse weather clouds
37. simple troubleshooting procedures which the user can follow to restore normal operation Table 3 2 Troubleshooting you pressed the POWER key the control panel does not adjust DIMMER on the to turn on the radar light menu battery may have discharged check if fuse has blown nothing appears on the try adjusting LCD tone display panel lights or display contrast is poor the radar has warmed up and HD SIG MISSING or check that the signal cable is you pressed the TX key to BP SIG MISSING tightly fastened transmit appears on the display panel is lit or display contrast is poor you adjusted sensitivity with neither noise or targets check signal cable for damage the FTC switched OFF appear characters and markers do neither indications or check signal cable for damage markers do noise and targets do A key is pressed nothing happens key may be faulty Contact your dealer 3 4 Magnetron Replacement When the magnetron has expired distant targets cannot be seen on the display When you feel long range performance has decreased contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about replacement of the magnetron Magnetron type E3588 Code No 000 142 270 3 5 Synchro Belt Replacement When the belt has worn out the sweep is not synchronized with antenna rotation which results in abnormal picture When you suspect the synchro belt is worn contact a FURUNO agent or dealer about Synchro belt type 40 52 26606 Co
38. spaced by 0 64 nm will be interspersed with the original line of 12 dots They will appear slightly weaker and smaller than the original dots Screen A When SART Screen B When SART is distant i is close Lines of 12 dots are displayed in concentric arcs Echo of SART Radar antenna beamwidth Echo of SART Position of SART Own ship s position Position of SART Radar receiver A bandwidth A Low speed sweep signal Sweep start High speed sweep signal SART mark length Figure 2 6 Appearance of signal on the radar display General procedure for detecting SART response 1 Use the range scale of 6 or 12 nm as the spacing between the SART responses is about 0 6 nm 1125 m to distinguish the SART 2 Turn off the automatic clutter suppression 3 Turn off the Interference Rejector General remarks on receiving SART SART range errors When responses from only the 12 low frequency sweeps are visible when the SART is at a range greater than about 1 nm the position at which the first dot is displayed may be as much as 0 64 nm beyond the true position of the SART When the range closes so that the fast Sweep responses are seen also the first of these will be no more than 150 meters beyond the true position 17 Radar bandwidth This is normally matched to the radar pulselength and is usually switched with the range scale and the associated pulselength Narrow bandwi
39. the path of the antenna block the radar beam If the angle subtended at the antenna is more than a few degrees a non detecting sector may be produced Within this sector targets can not be detected antenna Radar mast Shadow sector Figure 2 5 Shadow sectors 2 3 SART Search and Rescue Transponder Note The SART information below is excerpted from IMO SN Circ 197 Operation of Marine Radar for SART Detection A Search and Rescue Transponder SART may be triggered by any X Band 3 cm radar within a range of approximately 8 nm Each radar pulse received causes it to transmit a response which is swept repetitively across the complete radar frequency band When interrogated it first sweeps rapidly 0 4 us through the band before beginning a relatively slow sweep 7 5 us through the band back to the starting frequency This process is repeated for a total of twelve complete cycles At some point in each sweep the SART frequency will match that of the interrogating radar and be within the pass band of the radar receiver If the SART is within range the frequency match during each of the 12 slow sweeps will produce a response on the radar display thus a line of 12 dots equally spaced by about 0 64 nautical miles will be shown When the range to the SART is reduced to about 1 nm the radar display may show also the 12 responses generated during the fast sweeps These additional dot responses which also are equally
40. ture is on Note 1 Echo stretch magnifies not only small target pips but also returns from sea surface rain and radar interference For this reason make sure that these types of interference have been sufficiently suppressed before activating the echo stretch feature Note 2 Echo stretch is not available on the ranges between 0 125 and 0 75 nautical miles 1 23 Watchman The watchman function periodically transmits the radar for about one minute to check for targets in a guard zone If it finds change in the zone from the previous transmission it sounds the audible alarm cancels the watchman function and transmits the radar continuously This feature is useful when you do not need to observe the radar continuously but want to be alerted to radar targets in a specific area namely the guard zone When the radar starts transmitting the buzzer sounds to alert the operator Tx Stby Tx Stby ES Ie 1 min 5 100r 1min 5 10 20 min 20 min Watchman Timer appears and countdowns starts time to Tx when 1 00 remains in ST BY Figure 1 22 How watchman works Turning watchman on off 1 Seta guard zone 2 Press the MENU key 3 Select WATCHMAN 4 Select transmitting interval or turn watchman off as appropriate 5 Press the MENU key WATCHMAN appears at the top left corner the screen when the watchman function ison Note If no guard zone is set the buzzer sounds when the radar st
41. weak targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display Automatic adjustment of sensitivity 1 Press the GAIN key once or twice to display the screen shown in Figure 1 5 AUTO GAIN MOD LOW 4 HIGH 1 BH 3 Figure 1 5 Dialogue for automatic adjustment of gain 2 Press 4 or gt to set level desired 1 Low 2 Normal 3 High Manual adjustment of sensitivity 1 Transmit the radar on long range MAN GAIN MOD LOW 4 HIGH ele IIIIITIIILIS2 Figure 1 6 Dialogue for manual adjustment of gain 2 Press the GAIN key once or twice to display the screen shown in Figure 1 6 3 Press 4 or to set level desired 61 levels are available Note The dialogues for adjusting sensitivity are automatically erased when there is no TrackDisk operation for 10 seconds To erase them quicker press the GAIN key after completing the setting 1 8 Suppressing Sea Clutter In rough weather returns from the sea surface are received over several miles around own ship and mask nearby targets This situation can be improved by properly using the STC key If the setting is too low targets will be hidden in the clutter while if it is set too high both sea clutter and targets will disappear from the display In most cases adjust the key until clutter has disappeared to leeward but a little is still visible windward A common mistake i
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