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Agilent Technologies 4396B Network Card User Manual

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1. a E e o 0 0 ES EE E APC7 to N adapter a SE Lo N to BNC adapter BNC cable DUT me Figure 3 3 S Parameter Test Set Setup 3 4 Network Analyzer Tour Step 2 Setting up the Analyzer Before you start the measurement you must set up the analyzer to fit your measurement requirements For example you must set the frequency range of the measurement In this step you will set the following parameters Active channel Channel 1 Analyzer type Network analyzer mode Inputs B R or S 1 depending on the test set Format Log magnitude default Frequency Range Center 70 MHz Span 500 kHz Setting the Active Channel Because the analyzer has two measurement channels you can have two different measurement setups at the same time To change the active channel to channel 1 Ae ACTIVE CHANNEL TED Ame ACTIVE CHANNEL Ia D E MEASUREMENT mea LL Formal Lo In the ACTIVE CHANNEL block press Verify the Chan 1 active channel indicator Chan 1 lights Network Analyzer Tour 3 5 Setting the Analyzer Type 3 6 Network Analyzer Tour To use the analyzer in the network analyzer mode you must set the analyzer type to the network analyzer mode after selecting the active channel 1 EF MEASUREMENT
2. RBW 300 Hz VBW 300 Hz ATN 40 dB SWP 59 CENTER 100 MHz SP msec 3 5 AN 200 kHz Figure 4 13 Modulating Frequency of AM Signal The Amarker shows that the sideband amplitude value relative to the carrier is 19 76 dB The modulation index m can be derived from the following equation m 10 20 51 where AMkr is the Amarker sweep parameter value shown in Figure 4 18 Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 11 FM Signal Measurement Test Signal Measurement Setup This example describes how to derive the frequency deviation Afpeax value The following test signals are used in this example a Wide band FM Signal c Carrier frequency 100 MHz Modulating frequency 1 kHz Frequency deviation 1 MHz arrow band FM Signal Carrier frequency 100 MHz Modulating frequency 1 kHz Frequency deviation 5 kHz E wool Connection Connect the test signal to the S input Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Spectrum Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER Block Select S input Meas SPECTRUM S default RBW 1 kHz Rw Avg 1 k m Sweep Block Center frequency 100 MHz Press 100 Span frequency 5 MHz Press 5 Mu Frequ
3. Locate the parallel interface connector on the back of the analyzer Note al For more information about printer see the chapter 9 of the Function Y Reference manual Making a Hardcopy of the LCD Display 2 NY INSTRUMENT STATE O Rmt e pe cu PRINT STANDARD COPY ABORT Save Paa COPY SKEY on OFF COPY TIME on OFF Press Copy Press PRINT STANDARD to execute the printing 3 14 Network Analyzer Tour Spectrum Measurement Examples This chapter contains the following spectrum measurement examples m Harmonic distortion measurement a Carrier noise ratio c N measurement a Tracking a drifting signal m Network measurement with spectrum monitor a Amplitude modulation am signal measurement a Frequency modulation rm signal measurement a Burst signal measurement Basic Setup To measure the spectrum of a test signal use the S input as shown in Figure 4 1 DODO osa ooo0 ojo 00000 900000 ooo ror DoO 000 90 5000 Test Signal Source Figure 4 1 Basic Connection for Spectrum Measurement The spectrum of input signals can also be monitored at the A B and R inputs The use of the spectrum monitor function is described later in this chapter Spectrum Measurement Examp
4. Disconnect the DUT then connect the THRU CH1_B R Log MAG 10 dB REF q WAIT MEASURING CAL STANDARD dB WAIT MEASURING CAL STANDARD is displayed Note DONE RESPONSE The THRU softkey label is underlined when Press DONE RESPONSE the measurement is completed 7 DUT H J o o Disconnect the THRU and reconnect the DUT Cor is displayed on the left side of the display to show that the frequency response error is corrected The measured value is now corrected for the frequency response error al If the trace is changed it requires an adjustment of the scale Perform Y the automatic scaling again by pressing Scale Ref AUTO SCALE Network Analyzer Tour 3 11 Step 4 Reading a Measurement Result You may want to readout the measured values on the displayed trace You can use the marker function for this purpose The marker shows the frequency and response value at the marker point Reading a Measured Value by Using Marker 4 854 log MAG 20 dB REF 60 dB MARKER 7 Pa 7 In the MARKER block press Marker Verify a marker appears on the trace 2
5. 20 682 dBm 20 MHz Read the marker value shown at the upper right of grid Marker moves to the top of the CAL OUT signal Setting the Resolution Bandwidth to See Low Level Signals To see lower level signals that are approximately the same level as the noise floor level use a narrow resolution bandwidth RBw setting Before you set the RBW set the maximum peak level as the reference level This increases the visibility of the lower level signal This technique is useful when you are measuring two signals and one is very close to the noise level MKR gt i REFERENCE TAS MEASUREMENT TREM Dun SCALE FOR DATA a Em Cae D amp M SCALE COUPLE MAX MIXER p LEVEL Bw Cal o E Press Scale Ref Press MKR REFERENCE The trace moves upward to place the tip of the maximum peak at the top line of the grid o CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 20 6 dBm 20 718 dBm G 30 MHz REFERENCE ALUE 20 645 dBm RBW 100 kHz VBW 100 kHz ATN 10 dB SWP 80 msec START o Hz STOP BO MHZ Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 9 2 10 Spectrum Analyzer Tour MEASUREMENT THEE SUREMENT
6. In the MEASUREMENT block press Meas NETWORK ANALYZER SPECTRUM ANALYZER CONVERSION OFF INPUT PORTS ANALYZER TYPE Press NETWORK ANALYZER Press ANALYZER TYPE Selecting the Input The analyzer uses three inputs for network measurements R A and B Usually the R input accepts the RF OUT signal directly the A input receives the reflection signal from the DUT and the B input receives the transmission signal through the DUT This example assumes you are using the T R test set Therefore because you are going to measure the transmission characteristics of the DUT select B R to measure the ratio of B and R inputs When you use the S parameter test set you can measure the forward and reverse characteristics of a 2 port device without reconnecting the inputs In that case select So for a transmission measurement in the forward direction SF m2 MEASUREMENT If you re using Em C T R test set S parameter test set Refl FWD 11 ali Trans FWD s21 B R Trans REV 12 an Refl REV 22 E R Press B R Press Trans FWD S21 B R to select B R for the forward direction Network Analyzer Tour 3 7 Setting the Frequency Range To display the transmission characteristics of the 70 MH
7. Desired Settings Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Spectrum Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER Block Select S input Meas SPECTRUM S default Set RBW to 100 kHz Press Bw Avg 100 k m Sweep Block Center frequency 960 MHz Press Center 960 Mu Span frequency 10 MHz Press Span 10 Mu 4 16 Spectrum Measurement Examples Gated Sweep for Burst Signal Measurement CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB BEF dBm e RBW 100 kHz VBW 100 kHz ATN 10 dB SWP 20 msec CENTER 960 MHz SPAN 10 MHz Figure 4 20 Burst Signal Measurement Result Using Normal Sweep l Press TRIGGER FREE RUN GATE LEVEL EDGE to select the trigger mode to the edge mode 2 Press GATE DELAY 30 for setup time of the RBW 3 Press GATE LENGTH 30 w z The analyzer displays only the RF signal spectrum as shown in Figure 4 21 CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB BEF dBm e RBW 100 kHz VBW 100 kHz ATN 40 dB SWP 20 msec Hz SPAN 10 MHz CENTER 960 M Figure 4 21 Burst Signal Measurement Using Gated Sweep Zero Span for Time Domain Measurement Using zero span the analyzer can show the envelope of the burst signal The repetitive sampling mode can sample a faster signal 1 Press SWEEP HOLD to keep the channel 1 trace 2 Press Display DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off 3 Press Chan 2 Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 17 4 Press ANALYZER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER
8. O Meas o pe a y T SWEEF Entry Back off Space fes ti Scale Bw Cal Ref Avi Trigger Press Bw Avg Press to narrow RBW setting to 3 kHz Now with the noise floor level lowered by narrowing the resolution bandwidth the second and third harmonics can be seen as shown below cH2 S Spectrum 2 10 dB REF 20 6 dBm 220 503 dBm 30 MHz RES BANDWIDTH Hz RBW 3 kHz VBW 3 kHz ATN 10 dB SWP 18 99 sec START o Hz STOP BO MHz Searching for Harmonics Using the Search Function You can easily readout a harmonics frequency and level by using the peak search function MARKER Press Search PEAK NEXT PEAK NEXT PEAK LEFT NEXT PEAK RIGHT Press NEXT PEAK ctrum 10 dB REF 20 6 dem 81 535 dBm 40 MHz i hedei peA TT Marker Marker PEAK MAX Search Utility I MULTIPLE PEAKS SEARCH Press SEARCH PEAK ctrum 10 dB AEF 20 5 dBm 73 904 dBm Bo MHz Hy it The marker moves to the third harmonic To move the marker to the seco
9. Spectrum Measurement Examples Basic Setup Harmonic Distortion Measurement Test Signal and Test Device 20202 Measurement Setup 048 Connection 2 a Analyzer Settings 2 2 ee en Multiple Peak Search and Marker List For Harmonic Distortion Measurement C N Measurement 88 Test Signal o Measurement Seta Connection 2 a Analyzer Settings Ce Fixed AMarker and Noise Format for C N Measurement Tracking a Drifting Signal 2 Test Signal Measurement Seta Connection ee re Analyzer Settings 2 2 ee Tracking an Unstable Signal 2 2 Network Measurement with Spectrum Monitor Measurement Seta Connection ee re Analyzer Settings 2 2 ee Performing Calibration 4 4 Network Measurement 0 4 3 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 7 4 7 4 8 4 8 4 8 Monitoring the Leakage Signal at the B Input Using the Spectrum Monitor 2 42 AM Signal Measurement 2 248 Test Signal 2 o o Measurement Setup o Connection 2 a a Analyzer Settings 0 048 Carrier Amplitude and Frequency Measurement Using the Marker 2 2 a Modulating Frequency and Modulation Index Measurement Using AMarker FM Signal Measurement 0
10. Doo da GIOOD DDO a a m poa 25104001 Figure 5 12 Reflection Measurement Setup Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Setting Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Press default Block Measurement Select network analyzer Press ANALYZER TYPE NETWORK ANALYZER Block Select S11 Press Refl FWD 511 A R default Select LOG MAG format Press LOG MAG default Sweep block Center frequency 836 MHz Press 836 Span frequency 100 MHz Press 100 My Performing Calibration Perform an Si l port calibration for this measurement The following procedure is for using 7 mm standards see the Task Reference manual for using other standard devices Network Measurement Examples 5 13 1 Press Cal CALIBRATE MENU S11 1 PORT 2 Connect the OPEN standard to port 1 Then press 11 0PEN The softkey label OPEN is underlined when the measurement is completed 3 Connect the SHORT standard to port 1 Then press SHORT The softkey label SHORT is underlined when the measurement is completed 4 Connect the LOAD standard to port 1 Then press LOAD The softkey label LOAD is underlined when the measurement is completed 5 Press DONE 1 PORT CAL CORRECTION on OFF is automatically set to ON off Note al The next example S Parame
11. Na a po Ooi o O LL Read the values at the right top of the display Turn the knob to the right to move the marker toward the right The marker has a search function that makes it easier and faster to evaluate the trace results For example to search for the maximum value and its frequency on the trace 3 12 Network Analyzer Tour MARKER eme Search Utility Marker Marker In the MARKER block press Search log MAG 20 dB REF 60 dB 3 5 eg sq IM pala Y au The marker immediately moves to the maximum point on the displayed trace SEARCH PEAK MAX MIN TARGET Press MAX dB REF 60 dB 3 5224 dB 49 9975 MHZ Pl Read the frequency and response values displayed at the upper right of the display Network Analyzer Tour 3 13 Step 5 Printing Out the Measurement Result You may want a hardcopy of the measured results for a permanent record of the measurement The analyzer can print out the data as a snapshot of the display or as a list of values without using any external controller Configuring and Connecting a Printer apo 300 VA Max UE l All PRINTER VIDEO lt gt Peralled
12. example Measurement Setup Connection This example assumes that the connections and instrument settings made in the Harmonic Distortion Measurement example are still in effect Analyzer Settings Change the following settings for this measurement m Press Center 100 M 4 and Span 100 k m to zoom to the fundamental on the display Fixed AMarker and Noise Format for C N Measurement l Press Search MAX to search for the carrier 2 Press Scale Ref MKR REFERENCE 3 Press Marker AMODE MENU AMKR 10 k m to put Amarker on the carrier and to move the marker to the 10 kHz offset point 4 Press Bw Avg VIDEO BW 10 xi 5 Press Utility NOISE FORM on OFF to ON off The analyzer displays the C N ratio with the unit of dB Hz at the upper right of the display as shown in Figure 4 4 CH1 S Spectrum 10 08 REF 8 1 dBm 92 64 dB Hz O kHz amen al RBW 100 VBW 10 Hz ATN 40 dB SWP 10 7 Hz 0 74 sec CENTER 400 MHz SPAN 100 kHz Figure 4 4 Using Markers and Noise Format to Measure C N Ratio 4 4 Spectrum Measurement Examples 6 Press PRESET MKRS when you are finished with this measurement Test Signal Measurement Setup Tracking a Drifting Signal When measuring a drifting signal the analyzer can lose the signal However the analyzer can track a drifting signal by changing the sweep
13. 5 Press ZERO SPAN 6 Press TRIGGER GATE EXTERNAL T Press SAMPLING NORM rept to norm REPT to change the sampling mode to the repetitive sampling mode 8 Press NUMBER of POINTS 101 x1 Then press SWEEP TIME 550 M p CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB BEF dBm e CH1 CENTER 960 MHZ SPAN 10 MHZ CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF o dBm T y tr y sre y y Ul y y RABW 3 MHz VBW 3 MHz ATN 10 dB SWP 550 usec CH2 CENTER 250 MHz SPAN o Hz Figure 4 22 Burst Signal Spectrum and Test Signal Envelope PRI Pulse Width 2 i Ext Trig Trigger Delay mc Gate i teat Gate Length Tg i RBW Setup Time o NAS 2 REW How to Determine Gate Delay and Gate Length Gate Delay Because the RBW filter requires setup time for the filter to stabilize after triggering the gate delay must meet the following limit Ta gt EBW In this example RBW 100 kHz Ta gt iogxios 201 therefore the delay time T in this example must meet the following condition Ta gt 204 Gate Length Because the summation of gate delay T and the gate length T must be less than the pulse length 7 the gate length must meet the following limit Ta Tg lt T In this example 7 804 Ty lt 80u Ty If Tg is set to 30 y in this example Tg must meet the following limit Ty lt 50u 4 18 Spectrum Mea
14. Agilent 4396B Network Spectrum Impedance Analyzer User s Guide SERIAL NUMBERS This manual applies directly to instruments which have the serial number prefix JPIKE opie Agilent Technologies Agilent Part No 04396 90051 Printed in Japan May 2003 Fifth Edition Copyright 1997 2000 2002 2003 Agilent Technologies Japan Ltd Manual Printing History The manual printing date and part number indicate its current edition The printing date changes when a new edition is printed Minor corrections and updates that are incorporated at reprint do not cause the date to change The manual part number changes when extensive technical changes are incorporated March 1997 First Edition part number 04396 90021 July 1997 cc Second Edition part number 04396 90081 March 2000 Third Edition part number 04396 90081 November 2002 Fourth Edition part number 04396 90041 May 2003 Fifth Edition part number 04396 90051 Certification Warranty Agilent Technologies certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology to the extent allowed by the Institution s calibration facility or to the calibration facilities of other International Stand
15. Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 3 Step 2 Setting Up the Analyzer In this step you will set the following parameters Active channel Channel 2 Analyzer type Spectrum analyzer mode Input S input Frequency Range O Hz to 80 MHz Setting the Active Channel The analyzer has two measurement channels This allows you to have two different measurement setups Other selections you make on the front panel affect only the active channel To set the active channel to channel 2 Ame ACTIVE CHANNEL TED Amma ACTIVE CHANNEL Ia E MEASUREMENT mea LL Format Re In the ACTIVE CHANNEL block press Verify the Chan 2 active channel indicator Chan 2 lights Note al All selected settings are stored separately for each channel You must select an active channel 1 or 2 before you can change the measurement setup for that channel 2 4 Spectrum Analyzer Tour Setting the Analyzer Type To use the spectrum analyzer mode you must set the analyzer type to the spectrum analyzer mode after selecting an active channel 1 EF CONVERSION MEASUREMENT OFF z INPUT Format Display PORTS ANALYZER TYPE In the MEASUREMENT block press Meas Press ANALYZER TYPE NETWORK ANALYZER SPECTRUM ANALYZER Press SPECTRUM ANALYZER Note al Changing the
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17. Sweep List Edit Display Dynamic Range Enhancement Editing the Limit Lines Separated Limit Lines Gain Compression Measurement Setup Gain Compression o Input vs Output Power Level at the 1 dB Gain Compression Point Tables 1 2 Fuse Selection e 1 1 Contents 2 a a a 1 2 1 3 1 3 Rack Mount Kits 2 4C C 1 7 Contents 7 Installation and Setup Guide This chapter provides installation and setup instructions It contains the following information Incoming Inspection Replacing Fuse Power Requirements m Operation Environment m Ventilation Requirements m Instruction for Cleaning m Rack Handle Installation Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode Connecting an Active Probe m Connecting a Keyboard m Setting Up a 75 Q Measurement For Spectrum Analyzer Mode Incoming Inspection Warning To avoid hazardous electrical shock do not turn on the 4396B when there are signs of shipping damage to any portion of the outer enclosure for example covers panel or display Inspect the shipping container for damage If the shipping container or cushioning material is damaged it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the 4396B has been checked mechanically and electrically The contents of the shi
18. 27 DATA MEMORY 4 14 DELAY 5 11 Amarker 4 4 AMODE MENU 4 3 deviation from linear phase 5 10 directivity A 1 disk A 1 preparing 2 12 distortion measurement 4 3 DOS 2 13 DUAL CHAN on OFF 4 6 DUT connecting 3 3 dynamic range 5 21 edge mode 4 17 EDIT LIMIT LINE 5 22 EDIT LIST 5 20 ELEC DELAY MENU 5 8 electrical length 5 8 envelope 4 14 EXPANDED PHASE 5 7 EXTERNAL 4 18 fail message 5 23 file name entering 2 13 filename 2 14 filter measurement 5 2 5 19 5 22 FIXED AMKR 4 15 flatness 5 5 FM signal measurement 4 12 frequency deviation 4 12 frequency range setting 2 6 3 8 frequency response A 1 Fuse Selection 1 3 gain compression measurement 5 25 gate delay 4 18 GATE DELAY 4 17 gated sweep 4 17 gate length 4 18 GATE LENGTH 4 17 GATE LEVEL 4 17 go no go testing 5 22 GPIB A 1 group delay 5 10 GROUP DELAY APERTURE 5 11 hardcopy of LCD making 3 14 harmonic distortion measurement 4 2 harmonics searching 2 11 impedance measurement 5 17 incoming inspection 1 1 input selecting for network mode 3 7 selecting for spectrum mode 2 6 insertion loss 5 2 Instrument BASIC A 1 keyboard 2 13 LEFT PEAK 4 13 LIF 2 13 limit line function check points 5 24 insertion loss testing 5 24 lower limit 5 22 segment 5 22 upper limit 5 22 limit line function 5 22 LIMIT LINE ON off 5 22 LIMIT
19. 5 24 SCALE DEV 5 5 search function using 2 11 SEARCH PEAK 4 12 SEARCH PEAKS ALL 4 3 SEARCH TRK on OFF 4 3 setup time 4 17 SET ZO 5 17 SIGNAL TRK on OFF 4 6 SMITH 5 17 source match A 1 S parameter test set 3 3 specifications A 1 SPECTRUM ANALYZER 4 3 spectrum measurement 4 1 spectrum monitor 4 7 storage A 1 sub marker 4 3 suffix 2 16 SWEEP HOLD 4 17 sweep time 5 19 SWEEP TIME 4 18 SWEEP TYPE MENU 5 20 swr 5 12 Index 5 Index 6 T TARGET 5 26 test signal source connecting 2 3 THRU 5 2 time domain measurement 4 17 tracking Amarker 4 3 TRACKING AMKR 4 3 tracking drifting signal 4 5 transmission reflection test set 3 3 TRIGGER FREE RUN 4 17 trigger mode 4 17 turning ON 2 3 3 3 video bandwidth 4 4 VIDEO BW 4 4 wide band fm signal 4 12 WIDTH on OFF 5 4 WIDTH VALUE 5 4 zero span 4 17 ZOOMING APERTURE 4 13 zooming function 4 13 REGIONAL SALES AND SUPPORT OFFICES For more information about Agilent Technologies test and measurement products applications services and for a current sales office listing visit our web site http www agilent com find tmdir You can also contact one of the following centers and ask for a test and measurement sales representative 11 29 99 United States fax 61 3 9272 0749 Agilent Technologies tel 0 800 738 378 New Zealand Test and Measurement Call Center fax 64 4 802 6881
20. MENU 5 22 limit test function 5 22 LIMIT TEST ON off 5 23 2 3 line stretchers 5 8 LIST FREQ 5 20 list sweep function segment 5 19 sweep list 5 19 list sweep function 5 19 low level signal 2 9 Index 3 Index 4 marker reading value 3 12 marker 2 8 4 3 marker list 4 3 marker noise form 4 4 MARKER DELAY 5 8 memory A 1 MKR COUP on OFF 5 27 MKR LIST on OFF 4 3 MKR NOISE FORM on OFF 4 4 MKR ON DATA 4 15 MKR ON MEMORY 4 15 MKR REFERENCE 4 4 5 5 MKR ZOOM 4 13 modulating frequency 4 10 4 13 modulation index 4 10 MULTIPLE PEAKS 4 3 multiple peak search 4 3 NETWORK ANALYZER 5 2 network measurement 5 1 NEXT PEAK 4 12 number of points 5 20 NUMBER of POINTS 4 18 OFFSET 5 27 Part Number 1 1 pass message 5 23 PEAK DEF MENU 5 5 peak level read by marker 2 8 PEAK PLRIY POS neg 5 5 peak search 5 5 phase distortion 5 10 phase measurements 5 6 POLAR 5 16 polar chart 5 16 Power Cable 1 4 preset marker 4 3 PRESET MKRS 4 3 Presetting 2 15 printer configuring and connecting 3 14 programming A 1 RBW setting 2 9 rbw setup time 4 17 reflection coefficient 5 12 reflection measurement 5 12 repetitive sampling mode 4 17 RESPONSE 5 2 response calibration performing 3 10 response calibration 4 8 return loss 5 12 RIGTH PEAK 4 13 ripple 5 5 sampling mode 4 17 SAMPLING NORM rept 4 18 5 21
21. O dBm Press Stop 0 Network Measurement Examples 5 25 Performance Calibration Perform a power response calibration for this measurement as follows l Press CALIBRATION MENU RESPONSE 2 Connect a THRU calibration standard between the measurement cables in place of the DUT see Figure 5 22 3 Press THRU to perform a power response calibration data measurement 4 Press DONE RESPONSE CORRECTION on OFF is automatically set to CORRECTION ON off Measurement 5 Replace the THRU standard with the DUT 6 Press AUTO SCALE if the trace needs to be rescaled T Press MAX to move the marker to the maximum point on the trace 8 Press AMODE MENU AMkr to set the Amarker to the maximum point 9 Press TARGET 1 to search for the point of the gain compression See Figure 5 23 CH1 B R log MAG 1 dB PEF 24 dB 1 dB 12 427 del amen Cor IF BW SWP 680 mse 1 kHz sec START 20 dem CW 4 GHz STOP O dem Figure 5 23 Gain Compression 5 26 Network Measurement Examples Absolute Output Level Measurement The analyzer can show the characteristics input level versus output level by using the absolute measurement capability in the network analyzer mode 1 Press Sweep CHAN COUP on OFF to CHAN COUP ON off to couple the sweep parameters of both channels N Press Marker MKR COUP on OFF to MKR COUP ON off to couple the marker between both
22. Result at the B Input The spectrum measurement result shows the leakage signal at 240 MHz 5 Press DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off to perform and display both the network and the spectrum measurements at the same time CH1 S21 log MAB 10 dB REF 40 dE Cor IF BW 40 kHz POWER O dem SWP 50 msec CH1 CENTER 250 MHz SPAN 200 MHz CH2 B Spectrum 10 dB REF 4 dBm 28 567 dBm 240 MHz o Y 4 A LA A tl a did ppp Mg ar a t Ar not tee nt B 00 kHz VBW 300 kHz ATN 6 dB SWP 80 msec CH2 CENTER 250 MHZ SPAN 200 MHz Figure 4 11 Dual Display of Network and Spectrum Measurement Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 9 AM Signal Measurement Test Signal Measurement Setup In this example the following parameters for AM signal measurement are derived m Carrier amplitude Ee and frequency fe m Modulating frequency fm and modulation index m The following test signal is used in this example a AM Signal a Frequency fe 100 MHz oO Modulating signal frequency fm 10 kHz a Modulation index m 15 Connection Connect the test signal source to the S input Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Spectrum Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZ
23. Set 1 Connect the 87512A B T R test set 2 Connect the active probe to the B input 3 If necessary terminate the DUT with a load Connecting a Keyboard An mini DIN keyboard can be connected to the mini DIN connector on the rear panel of the analyzer The mini DIN keyboard provides an easier way to enter characters for the file names display titles and Instrument BASIC programs It can also access the analyzer softkey functions by using keyboard function keys For more information on the mini DIN keyboard see Using HP Instrument BASIC with the 4396B Installation and Setup Guide 1 17 o o o o g dd ae wey EE y Y Lay Vy coor CB10A016 Figure 1 9 Connecting a Keyboard Setting Up a 75 9 Measurement For Spectrum Analyzer Mode Note al This operation requires the option 1D7 500 to 750 Input Impedance Y Conversion For detail information about option 1D7 see chapter 9 of the Function Reference manual 1 Attach the 11852B Option C04 50 QN m 75 Q N f minimum loss pad to the S input This minimum loss pad is furnished with the option 1D7 2 Press Cal 3 Press INPUT Z 4 Press f to set the impedance of the source 75 9 Then press Enuy on Note al Perform this procedure each time the an
24. Start Press 0 SWEEP pues ae ee Start Stop Center INSTRUMENT ae Press 61 Press Stop 5 6 E ENTRY rH2 s Spectrum 10 dB REF 0 D T7 STOP 4 80 cael Press 8 0 Press Ms Verify the 20 MHz signal is displayed as shown below CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF O dBm G RBW 100 kHz VBW 100 kHz ATN 10 dB SwP 80 msec START o Hz STOP 80 MHz Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 7 Step 3 Making a Measurement Reading the Peak Level Using the Marker 2 8 Spectrum Analyzer Tour Let s try to read peak signal level by using the marker MARKER Marker Marker Search Utility Iz VBW 100 kHz ATN 10 dB SWP 5 Hz STO Press Search Marker appears on trace Press SEARCH PEAK CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF O dBm
25. VBW 10 kHz ATN 40 dB SWP O msec E CENTER 400 MHz SPAN 100 kHz Figure 4 16 Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement 4 Press Chan 2 100 k m Bw Avg 10 k m Scale Ref 10 x1 as same as channel 1 5 Press DATA HOLD OFF MAX and then wait for a few sweeps until the trace is stable The maximum envelope is displayed 6 Press DATA MEMORY DATA and MEMORY to store and display the maximum envelope 4 14 Spectrum Measurement Examples 7 Press DATA HOLD MAX MIN and then wait for a few sweeps until the trace is stable The minimum envelope is displayed 8 Press Marker MKR ON DATA to MEMORY Then turn the knob to move the marker to the desired position to measure the frequency deviation 9 Press AMODE MENU FIXED AMKR 10 Press RETURN MKR ON MEMORY to DATA Then turn the knob to move the marker to the position that is the same value as the fixed Amarker value CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 10 dBm 2528 dB O kHz dl r h RBW 10 kHz VBW 10 kHz ATN 40 dB SWP 20 msec CENTER 400 MHz SPAN 100 kHz Figure 4 17 Maximum and Minimum Envelopes of Narrow Band FM Signal The frequency deviation Afpeax can be derived from the same equation that is used for the wide band FM signal In this example Afpea can be derived to be 5 kHz 11 Press Display DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off Both the spectrum and its envelope are
26. are turned on an out of limit test result is normally indicated in six ways With a FAIL message on the screen With a beep on off selectable With an asterisk in tabular listings of data under Copy With a bit in GPIB event status register B Network Measurement Examples 5 23 Separated Limit Lines 5 24 Network Measurement Examples m With a bit in the I O port on the rear panel m With the GPIB commands OUTPLIMF OUTPLIMIL and OUTPLIMM Figure 5 21 shows separated limit lines and an editing table example This example can be used for filter testing that only requires insertion loss limits Dummy limit values 5000 for upper and 5000 for lower for example should be entered for the no limit areas CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dB Y KH POWER O dBm SWP 400 msec CENTER 836 MHz SPAN 100 MHz SEG SWP PARAM UPPER LOWER 1 821 MHz 5000 dB 5000 dB 2 821 MHz 21 dB 215 dB 3 851 MHz 21 dB 215 dB gt 4 851 MHz 5000 dB 5000 dB END Figure 5 21 Separated Limit Lines m Limits are only checked at each of the actual measured data points It is possible for a device to be out of specification without a limit test failure indication if you do not select sufficient sweep parameter points within a segment By combining the limit test and the list sweep function high throughput limit line testing can be performed for go no go te
27. containing static sensitive devices a use anti static handling procedures to prevent electrostatic discharge damage to component viii Typeface Conventions Bold Italics Computer HARDKEYS SOFTKEYS Boldface type is used when a term is defined For example icons are symbols Italic type is used for emphasis and for titles of manuals and other publications Italic type is also used for keyboard entries when a name or a variable must be typed in place of the words in italics For example copy filename means to type the word copy to type a space and then to type the name of a file such as filet Computer font is used for on screen prompts and messages Labeled keys on the instrument front panel are enclosed in Softkeys located to the right of the CRT are enclosed in How To Use This Manual This is a user s guide for the 4396B Network Spectrum Analyzer This manual contains two quick start tours measurement examples an installation and setup guide and a table that tells you where to find more information Installation and Setup Guide Quick Start Tour Measurement Examples For More Information Chapters 1 provides installation information that includes an initial inspection power line setting test set setup and keyboard connection If you do not prepare the analyzer yet read this section first Chapters 2 and 3 provide step by step instructions for you if you are operating th
28. mm INSTRUMENT STATE O Rmt pe pe pesa Es ee Pera Press Recall The disk access lamp lights uy The stored file is listed in the softkey label area Press SATOUR_S to recall the analyzer settings that you saved Suffix _S means the analyzer settings are saved If you save the analyzer settings in a DOS format an extension sta is appended to the file name After the disk access lamp goes out all analyzer settings that you set are recalled You can verify them on the display If you want to know what settings are saved see chapter 8 of the Function Reference manual Network Analyzer Tour In this chapter you explore the network analyzer mode of operation Before starting this tour verify the analyzer is correctly installed see chapter 1 Installation and Setup Guide if you need additional information Before You Leave On The Tour On this tour you will learn how to make a basic network analyzer measurement by measuring the transmission characteristics of a bandpass filter Overview The following is a short summary of the tour 1 Preparing for a measurement a Turning ON the analyzer a Connecting the DUT 2 Setting up the analyzer m Setting the active channel m Selecting the analyzer type m Setting the input port m Setting the frequency range m Performing
29. precede potentially dangerous procedures throughout this manual Instructions contained in the warnings must be followed Dangerous voltages capable of causing death are present in this instrument Use extreme caution when handling testing and adjusting this instrument vii Safety Symbols General definitions of safety symbols used on equipment or in manuals are listed below Instruction manual symbol the product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual Alternating current Direct current On Supply Off Supply In position of push button switch Out position of push button switch Frame or chassis terminal A connection to the frame chassis of the equipment which normally include all exposed metal structures Warning Y This Warning sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to a procedure practice condition or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in injury or death to personnel Hhh o to a procedure practice condition or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product Caution Y This Caution sign denotes a hazard It calls attention Note This Note sign denotes important information It Y calls attention to a procedure practice condition or the like which is essential to highlight Affixed to product
30. the automatic scaling 3 Making a calibration 4 Reading a measurement result m Reading a measured value by using marker 5 Printing out the measurement result a Configuring and connecting a printer m Making a hardcopy of the display After you finish this tour you will understand how to make a basic measurement in the network analyzer of operation If you want to learn how to perform more complex tasks see the Task Reference manual Network Analyzer Tour 3 1 Required Equipment To perform all the steps in this tour you must have the following equipment m 4396B Network Spectrum Analyzer m Measurement Device a This tour assumes the device under test DUT is a 70 MHz bandpass filter THRU BNC female to female connector m Two BNC cables m Test Set use either of the following a Transmission Reflection T R Test Set a Two N to BNC adapters a S Parameter Test Set a Two APC7 to N adapters m Two N to BNC adapters m HP DeskJet Printer a Parallel Interface Cable If you do not have an DeskJet printer and cable skip step 5 Printing Out the Measurement Results al le APCT to N N to BNC Adapter Adapter H gt 16 a e o e e Voy 4396B es _ ESE HRU BNC f f connector
31. tour you must have the following equipment m 4396B Network Spectrum Analyzer a N to BNC Adapter 50 9 BNC cable a 3 5 inch 2HD or 2DD Blank Disk Furnished with the analyzer N to BNC Adapter 90 DO DUDO o s 40n0200 O 4gg00 sajin BNC cable J ooo 4396B 3 5 inch Blank Disk CB101009 2 2 Spectrum Analyzer Tour Figure 2 1 Required Equipment Step 1 Preparing for a Measurement Turning ON the analyzer Verify the power source setting is correct before you turning ON the analyzer If necessary see chapter 1 Installation and Setup Guide Press the LINE switch The power on self test takes about 10 seconds If the analyzer is operating correctly the following information is displayed on the LCD Connecting the Test Signal Source In this tour you use the front panel CAL OUT signal as the test signal 20 MHz at 20 dBm A Fe LOs I al f O a a H HH N to BNC adapter BNC cable Connect the CAL OUT output to the S input using the N to BNC adapter and the BNC cable
32. 00x3 The Programming Guide shows how to write and use BASIC program to control the analyzer and describes how Instrument BASIC works with the analyzer GPIB Command Reference Agilent Part Number 04396 900x4 The GPIB Command Reference provides a summary of all available GPIB commands It also provides information on the status reporting structure and the trigger system these features conform to the SCPI standard Option 010 Operating Handbook Agilent Part Number 04396 900x6 The option 010 Operation Handbook describes the unique impedance measurement functions of the 4396B with option 010 Instrument BASIC Manual Set Agilent Part Number 04155 90151 E2083 90000 The Instrument BASIC User s Handbook introduces you to the Instrument BASIC programming language provide some helpful hints on getting the most use from it and provide a general programming reference It is divided into three books Instrument BASIC Programming Techniques Instrument BASIC Interface Techniques and Instrument BASIC Language Reference Performance Test Manual Agilent Part Number 04396 901x0 The Performance Test Manual explains how to verify conformance to published specifications Service Manual Agilent Part Number 04396 901x1 1 The Service Manual explains how to adjust troubleshoot and repair the instrument This manual is option OBW only ae 1 The number indicated by x in the part number of each manual is allocated for numb
33. 2 Reflection Measurement Measurement Seta Connection 2 2 a a a a 4 9 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 12 4 12 4 12 4 12 4 12 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 16 4 16 4 16 4 16 4 16 4 17 4 17 Contents 3 Contents 4 Analyzer Settings o 5 13 Performing Calibration 2 5 13 Measurement 2 2 ee ee 5 14 Return Loss and Reflection Coefficient 5 14 Standing Wave Ratio 00202 5 15 S Parameters Measurement 5 16 Data Readout Using the Marker 5 16 Impedance Measurement co 517 Admittance Measurement 5 18 List Sweep 2 1 ww a a a 5 19 Sweep Time Reduction 0 5 19 Analyzer Settings 2 2 ee en 5 19 Creating a Sweep List 242 5 20 Performing List Sweep aa a ee 5 20 Dynamic Range Enhancement 2 2 5 21 Filter Testing Using Limit Lines 202 5 22 Example of Limit Lines For Filter Testing 5 22 Analyzer Settings 2 2 ee en 5 22 Creating Limit Lines 5 22 Performing Limit Test 2 42 5 23 Separated Limit Lines 20004282 5 24 Gain Compression Measurement 5 25 Measurement Setup a 5 25 Connection 2 2 a a a 5 25 Analyzer Settings ooa a a ee en 5 25 Performance Calibration 02 2 5 26 Measurement cc 5 26 Absolute Output Level M
34. 22824 Test Signal 2 2 e Measurement Setup 0 0 0 0 004 Connection 2 2 a a a a Analyzer Settings Frequency Deviation of Wide Band FM Signal Frequency Deviation 0 Carrier Level and Modulating Frequency Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement Burst Signal Measurement 2 2 Test Signal 2 2 e Measurement Setup 0 0 0 0 004 Connection 2 2 a a a a Analyzer Settings Gated Sweep for Burst Signal Measurement Zero Span for Time Domain Measurement Network Measurement Examples Basic Setup Example DOT Measuring Transmission Characteristics of a Filter Measurement Seta Connection 2 2 a a a a Analyzer Settings Performing Calibration 2 Measurement 2 1 ee ee ee ee Read Out Insertion Loss Using the Marker 3 dB Bandwidth Ripple or Flatness ooa a a Measuring Phase Response oaoa a aaa Using the Expanded Phase Mode Measuring Electrical Length 2 2 Measurement Setup 0 0 0 0 004 Measurement 2 1 ee ee ee ee Electrical Length Adjustment 2 Measuring Phase Distortion 2 4 Measurement Setup 0 0 0 0 004 Deviation from Linear Phase 2 Group Delay Measurement 4 Smoothing Group Delay Trace Where to Find More Information
35. BNC cable CJ E 87512A T R Test Set 85064A S Parameter Test Set ey 5 UT Printer Parallel Cable CB100301 3 2 Network Analyzer Tour Figure 3 1 Required Equipment Step 1 Preparing for the Measurement You must set up the test set before you turn ON the analyzer The setup procedure for the test set is described in Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode in Chapter 1 Turning ON the Analyzer Press the LINE switch The power on self test takes about 10 seconds Connecting the DUT Connect the DUT as shown in Figure 3 2 or Figure 3 3 N to BNC adapter BNC cable C5102019 Figure 3 2 Transmission Reflection Test Set Setup Network Analyzer Tour 3 3 O Oe 0000 Ooo 0000 o o golo o000g m n ooo0c0 ro joo g gr FO lcoRVaOjoonjodo ES ceujoo noao
36. DEFGHI JXLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ 01234 T BACK SPACE ERASE TITLE Turn the rotary knob to move the arrow Press SELECT LETTER below the first character S 3 Spectrum 10 dB REF 0 POINT WITH KNOB 4 STEP KEY THEN SELECT LETTER FILE NAME SATOURe SPACE ABCDEFGHI JXLMNOPORSTUVWXYZ 01234 T BACK SPACE ERASE TITLE Keep entering characters until SATOUR is If you enter a wrong character press entered BACK SPACE to erase the character 2 14 Spectrum Analyzer Tour DONE STOR DEV DISK CANCEL To complete the file name entry press DONE Verify the disk access indicator lights this shows that the analyzer is saving the settings to the disk Recalling the Analyzer Settings You can recall the file containing the saved analyzer settings anytime you want This is true even if you change the current analyzer settings In this example you will preset the analyzer and then recall the settings in the SATOUR file Presetting INSTRUMENT STATE ORmt pe la o Ro ee feet Press Preset The analyzer is set to the preset conditions However the analyzer settings from the previous examples are stored in the SATOUR file on the disk Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 15 Note 2 16 Spectrum Analyzer Tour Recalling the SATOUR file
37. ER Start fp ez Praant sal SE 9 LINE bo b 8 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gb101001 LCD displays measured results softkey menus current settings system messages error messages and Instrument BASIC programs LINE switch turns the analyzer ON and OFF 3 5 inch disk drive is used to store measurement results instrument settings display images and Instrument BASIC programs CAL OUT spectrum analyzer calibration output port supplies a reference signal 20 MHz 20 dbm for reference level calibration Ns input spectrum analyzer input receives a signal for a spectrum measurement INSTALLATION CATEGORY I RF OUT RF signal output port supplies a source signal for network measurements Installation and Setup Guide 1 9 1 10 Installation and Setup Guide Ds A and B inputs RF signal inputs mainly accept signals for network measurements but can also be used as spectrum measurement inputs INSTALLATION CATEGORY I 8 MARKER bloc
38. ER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER Block Select S input Meas SPECTRUM S default Sweep Block Center frequency 100 MHz Press Center 100 Mu Span frequency 200 kHz Press Span 200 k m Carrier Amplitude and Frequency Measurement Using the Marker Press Scale Ref and enter the reference value if the trace needs to be rescaled 1 Press Gearch to turn the marker on 2 Press MAX to search for the carrier signal The carrier amplitude and frequency are displayed in the upper right corner as shown in Figure 4 12 4 10 Spectrum Measurement Examples CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 10 dBm 19 949 dem 140 MHz Al RBW 300 Hz VBW 300 Hz ATN 10 dB SWP 593 5 msec z SPAN 200 kHz CENTER 400 MH Figure 4 12 Carrier Amplitude and Frequency of AM Signal The marker shows that the carrier amplitude Ee is 19 949 dBm and frequency fe is 100 MHz Modulating Frequency and Modulation Index Measurement Using AMarker 3 Press Marker AMODE MENU AMKR 4 Press Search SEARCH PEAK NEXT PEAK to search for a sideband The offset value from the carrier is displayed as the marker sweep parameter value shown in Figure 4 13 This value is the modulation frequency CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 10 dBm 19 76 dB amen
39. F IN port of the T R test set with a semi rigid cable 1 12 Installation and Setup Guide Note Note Y Y When you use the 87512B press Cal MORE SET ZO Then press 7 5 to set the characteristic impedance Zo to 75 Q Connecting an S parameter Test Set 4396B Test Set 1 0 Interconnect Interconnec Cable Network Analyzer Interconnect 85046A B S parameter Test Set Figure 1 4 Connecting an S parameter Test Set 1 Place the analyzer on the S parameter test set 2 Connect the TEST SET I O INTERCONNECT interface on the rear panel of the analyzer and the NETWORK ANALYZER I O INTERCONNECT interface of the test set using the cable furnished with the test set 3 Connect the RF OUT R A and B inputs of the analyzer to the S parameter test set to each other When you use the 85064B press Cal MORE SET ZO Then press 7 5 to set the characteristic impedance Zo to 75 Q Installation and Setup Guide 1 13 Connecting an Active Probe The active probe allows you to analyze an in circuit signal or device that has no port for connecting to the test set The active probe can be used for both spectrum and network measurements The analyzer can use the following active probes m 85024A High Frequency Probe 300 kHz to 3 GHz m 41800A Active Probe 5 Hz to 500 MHz m 41802A 1 M
40. Handle Kit Rack Mount amp Handle Kit 5062 3985 Installation and Setup Guide 1 The power cable depends on where the instrument is used see Figure 1 1 2 CD ROM contains the contents of the Task Reference User s Guide Function Reference Programming Guide GPIB Command Reference Performance Test Manual Instrument Basic user s Handbook and Option 010 Operation Handbook 3 The number indicated by x in the part number of each manual is allocated for numbers increased by one each time a revision is made The latest edition comes with the product Replacing Fuse Fuse Selection Select proper fuse according to the Table 1 2 Table 1 2 Fuse Selection Fuse Rating Type Fuse Part Number 5A 250Vac UL CSA type 2110 0030 Time Delay For ordering the fuse contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office 118 Ve 50 60 Hz 300 VA Max Lever a small minus screwdriver to To check or replace the fuse pull the fuse dismount the fuse holder above the AC holder and remove the fuse To reinstall line receptacle on the rear panel the fuse insert a fuse with the proper rating into the fuse holder Installation and Setup Guide 1 3 Power Requirements The 4396B requires the following power source Voltage 90 to 132 Vac 198 to 264 Vac Frequency 47 to 63 Hz Pow
41. POWER O dBm SWP 50 msec SPAN 100 MHz 40 kHz CENTER 835 MHz Figure 5 14 SWR Network Measurement Examples 5 15 S Parameters Measurement 5 16 Network Measurement Examples S parameters S and S are no different from the measurements made in the previous section Sj is the complex reflection coefficient of the DUT s input S is the complex reflection coefficient of the DUT s output In both cases all unused ports must be properly terminated To display the trace on the polar chart press Format POLAR The results of a typical S measurement is shown in Figure 5 15 Each point on the polar trace corresponds to a particular value of both magnitude and phase Polar Chart Shows Magnitude and Phase a Magnitude c The center of the circle represents a reflection coefficient T of 0 that is a perfect match or no reflected signal c The outermost circumference of the scale represents aT 1 00 or 100 reflection m Phase c The 3 o clock position corresponds to zero phase angle that is the reflected signal is at the same phase as the incident signal a Phase differences of 90 180 and 270 degrees correspond to the 12 9 and 6 o clock positions on the polar display respectively CH1 S44 FScl 4u 175 18 mu sa e Y IF BW 10 kHz POWER O dBm SWP 4401 CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 100 Figure 5 15 S on Polar Chart Data Readout Using the Marker Press Marker and use the knob to po
42. Q Input Adapter 5 Hz to 100 MHz m 51701A Active Probe DC to 2 5 GHz mw 11945A Close field Probe Set m 1141A Differential Probe For more information about these active probes see chapter 9 of the Function Reference manual For Spectrum Analyzer Mode 0000 n000 o ogoogo 900000 aooga ju jo Active Probe DUT _p CSTDAO12Z Figure 1 5 Spectrum Analyzer Mode One Active Probe 1 Connect the output connector of the active probe to the S port of the analyzer 2 Plug the probe power plug into the PROBE POWER connector 1 14 Installation and Setup Guide For Network Analyzer Mode Using One Active Probe O CI 0000 0000 o o olo 00000 mem 900000 D o os mra OoaUnjooo y a oo poa i S 6 o i ol EI Power Splitter active Probe E DUT LOAD COAN Figure 1 6 Network Analyzer Mode One Active Probe Connect the power splitter to the RF OUT port Connect one output from the power splitter to the R input Connect the other output of the power splitter to the DUT e Ww N e Connect the active probe to the B input and plu
43. UT over the frequency range selected 2 Press Marker to turn on the marker Then use the knob to read the resistive and reactive components of the complex impedance at any point along the trace The maker displays a complex impedance readout CH1 S44 FScl 4U 47 517 0 17 167 n 3 2682 IF BW 40 kHz POWER O dBm SWP 1401 CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 100 Figure 5 16 Impedance Measurement Network Measurement Examples 5 17 Admittance Measurement l Press Format MORE ADMITTANCE CHART The display shows the complex impedance of the DUT over the frequency range selected 2 Use the knob to read the resistive and reactive components of the complex impedance at any point along the trace The maker displays complex impedance readout CH1 S44 FScl 4u 18 615 mS 5 7255 mS 28 30 IF BW 10 kHz CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 100 Figure 5 17 Admittance Measurement 5 18 Network Measurement Examples List Sweep Sweep Time Reduction The analyzer has a list sweep function that can sweep frequency according to a predefined sweep segment list Each sweep segment is independent For the network analyzer mode each segment can have a different number of sweep points power level and IF bandwidth value For the spectrum analyzer mode each segment can have a different number of points and RBW A segment looks like a normal sweep setting The list sweep function can combine up to 31 segments settings into 1 sweep The analyzer can ha
44. al controller 19 Power cable receptacle connects the power cable Fuse is held in the cover of the receptacle Installation and Setup Guide 1 11 Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode To use the network analyzer mode of the analyzer a test set is required to measure the transmission and reflection characteristics of the device under test DUT You can use either the 87512A B transmission reflection T R test set or the 85046A B S parameter test set The 87512A B T R test set measures reflection and transmission in the forward direction only The 85046A B S parameter test set measures both the forward and reverse directions without reconnection For more information about the test sets see chapter 9 of the Function Reference manual Connecting a Transmission Reflection Test Set 4396B amama mem O Oe 0000 a 0000 DO 000000 em o 55000 oo cCocaoojo0n0 coc aoOojoo0o gr 4396B y gt a 396 RF INS Semi rigid Cable 87512A B Transmission Reflection Test Set Figure 1 3 Connecting a Transmission Reflection Test Set 1 Place the transmission reflection T R test set in front of the analyzer 2 Connect the R and A ports of the analyzer and the T R test set to each other 3 Connect the RF OUT port of the analyzer and the R
45. all markers on the trace are read at the same time The following procedure displays the value of the fundamental and the harmonics l Press Marker AMODE MENU TRACKING AMKR to turn the tracking Amarker on The tracking Amarker always tracks the marker 2 Press Search SEARCH TRK on OFF to ON off to turn the search tracking on 3 Press MULTIPLE PEAKS SEARCH PEAKS ALL to move the marker to the fundamental and turn on and move the sub markers to individual harmonics 4 Press Utility MKR LIST on OFF to ON off to turn marker list on The Amarker and all sub marker values are displayed as shown in Figure 4 3 CH4 3 Spectrum 10 dE REF O dem o de b RBW 1 MHZ VBW 1 MHZ ATN 10 dB SWP 50 msec START 50 MHz STOP 1 05 GHz SWP PARAM VAL 100 MHz 18 551 dB 300 MHz 27 459 dB 200 MHZ 35 718 dB 500 MHz 37 473 dB 400 MHz 40 251 dB 600 MHz 40 971 dB 700 MHZ 49 184 dB AS 100 MHz 11 545 dBm Figure 4 3 Using Multiple Peak Search and Marker List to Measure Harmonic Distortion 5 Press Marker PRESET MKRS when you are finished with this measurement Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 3 C N Measurement C N is the ratio of the carrier to the noise The analyzer can measure noise level directly and read out the C N using the marker functions Do the Harmonic Distortion Measurement before doing this measurement Test Signal This example uses the same test signal used in the Harmonic Distortion Measurement
46. alyzer is preset because the Y analyzer does not retain this setting in memory 1 18 Installation and Setup Guide Spectrum Analyzer Tour In this chapter you explore the spectrum analyzer mode of operation Before starting this tour verify the analyzer is correctly installed see chapter 1 Installation and Setup Guide if you need additional information Before You Leave On The Tour Overview On this tour you will learn how to make a basic spectrum analyzer measurement by measuring the CAL OUT signal of the analyzer The following is a short summary of the tour 1 Preparing for a measurement a Turning ON the analyzer Connecting the test signal source 2 Setting up the analyzer m Setting the active channel m Selecting the analyzer type m Selecting the input m Setting the frequency range 3 Making a Measurement m Reading the peak level using the marker m Setting the resolution bandwidth to see low level signals a Searching for harmonics using the search function 4 Saving and recalling the analyzer settings m Preparing the disk m Saving analyzer settings m Entering the file name m Recalling the analyzer settings After you finish this tour you will understand how to make a basic measurement in the spectrum analyzer mode of operation If you want to learn how to perform more complex tasks see the Task Reference manual Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 1 Required Equipment To perform all the steps in this
47. analyzer type presets the analyzer for the active channel If you want to keep the current measurement settings when changing the analyzer type first set the other channel to active Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 5 Selecting the Input The analyzer has four inputs S R A and B In most spectrum measurements the S input is used The R A and B inputs can also be used for a spectrum measurement but the dynamic range of these inputs is 20 dB worse than the S input and the attenuator is not variable Therefore to get the most accurate results you should use the S input for spectrum measurements In the spectrum analyzer mode the S input is selected by default In the following steps you verify the S input is selected MEASUREMENT SPECTRUM q gt I jv In the MEASUREMENT block press Meas Setting the Frequency Range The CAL OUT signal 20 MHz at 20 dBm is connected as test signal source To see this signal on display you must set the appropriate frequency range in this case 0 to 80 MHz 2 6 Spectrum Analyzer Tour Verify the 5 in SPECTRUM S is underlined This shows that the S input is selected for a spectrum analyzer measurement 1 SWEEP 2 cH2 s Spectrum 10 dB REF 0 pues Sos ee San Stop START 0 TA In the SWEEP block press
48. ards Organization members This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment except that in the case of certain components listed in General Information of this manual the warranty shall be for the specified period During the warranty period Agilent Technologies will at its option either repair or replace products that prove to be defective For warranty service or repair this product must be returned to a service facility designated by Agilent Technologies Buyer shall prepay shipping charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping charges to return the product to Buyer However Buyer shall pay all shipping charges duties and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from another country Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and firmware designated by Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming instruction when property installed on that instrument Agilent Technologies does not warrant that the operation of the instrument or software or firmware will be uninterrupted or error free Limitation Of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer Buyer supplied software or interfacing unauthorized modification or misuse operation outside the environmental specifications f
49. ber of points 401 Press MENU NUMBER of POINTS 401 Gd 5 22 Network Measurement Examples Creating Limit Lines Perform the following procedure see Figure 5 20 dB 15dB 55dB 1248 806MHz 821MHz 857MHz 866MHz Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Segment 4 Press System LIMIT MENU LIMIT LINE on OFF to ON off 2 Press EDIT LIMIT LINE EDIT 3 For segment 1 Press SWP PARAM VALUE 806 7a Press UPPER LIMIT 55 x1 Press LOWER LIMIT 120 DONE For segment 2 Press ADD SWP PARAM 821 M p Press UPPER LIMIT 1 x1 Press LOWER LIMIT 15 x1 DONE For segment 3 Press ADD SWP PARAM 851 M u DONE For segment 4 Press ADD SWP PARAM 866 i j Press UPPER LIMIT 55 x1 Press LOWER LIMIT 120 DONE Press DONE The limit line segments do not have to be entered in any particular order The analyzer automatically sorts them and lists them on the display in the increasing order of sweep parameter value CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dB Y IF BW 5 kHz POWER O dBm BWP 400 msec CENTER 836 MHz SPAN 100 MHz SEG SWP PARAM UPPER LOWER 4 806 MHz 2 821 MHz 3 851 MHz 4 866 MHz D Figure 5 20 Editing the Limit Lines Performing Limit Test Press LIMIT TEST on OFF to ON off to perform limit testing using the limit lines you just edited When the limit lines and testing
50. channels Press Meas B to select the absolute measurement at the B input Co 4 Press DATA MATH DATA OFFSET Then input the value of the attenuator that is connected between the DUT and the B input In this example measurement a 30 dB attenuator is used Therefore enter 30 x1 A Press AUTO SCALE if the trace needs to be rescaled D The analyzer displays the input versus output power levels The marker shows the input and output power levels at the 1 dB gain compression point 7 Press DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off to display both channel see Figure 5 24 Note that you must subtract 3 dB from the input value readout This is necessary because the input signal is attenuated by the power splitter that is between the RF OUT and the DUT CH1 B R log MAG 1 dB PEF 24 dB Cor CH2 B log MAG 2 dB REF 14 dB 21 368 dB 5 46 dBm IF BW 1 kHz SWP 680 msec START 20 dem CW 4 GHz STOP O dem Figure 5 24 Input vs Output Power Level at the 1 dB Gain Compression Point Network Measurement Examples 5 27 For More Information A The User s Guide provides an overview of the analyzer and typical applications using the analyzer You may need or want more information on the analyzer s features The following table shows you where to find that information Calibration How to perform ca
51. cordance with IEC825 1 A Y CLASS 1 LED PRODUCT Ground The Instrument To avoid electric shock hazard the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to a safety earth ground by the supplied power cable with earth blade DO NOT Operate In An Explosive Atmosphere Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gasses or fumes Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard Keep Away From Live Circuits Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel Do not replace components with the power cable connected Under certain conditions dangerous voltages may exist even with the power cable removed To avoid injuries always disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them DO NOT Service Or Adjust Alone Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present DO NOT Substitute Parts Or Modify Instrument Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards do not install substitute parts or perform unauthorized modifications to the instrument Return the instrument to a Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained vi Dangerous Procedure Warnings Warning Warnings such as the example below
52. displayed on the split display 12 Press MORE SPLIT DISP ON off to on OFF The analyzer superimposes the spectrum on the envelopes as shown in Figure 4 18 CH4 3 Spectrum 10 dB REF O dem CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB AEF O dBm 1576 dB e PNG LA lt LA El IRE Ve WE 10 KHz VBW 10 kHz ATN 10 dB SWP 20 msec CH1 CENTER 100 MHz SPAN 100 kHz CH2 CENTER 100 MHz SPAN 100 kHz Figure 4 18 Superimposing Spectrum and Envelopes Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 15 Burst Signal Measurement This measurement requires that option 1D6 be installed in the analyzer A summary of how to determine gate delay and gate length settings for different signals is contained at the end of this example Test Signal The following test signal is used in this example m Pulse period PRI 100 ps pulse repetition frequency PRF is 10 kHz m Duty ratio is 80 pulse width 7 is 80 ps a RF frequency is 960 MHz Measurement Setup Connection Setup the analyzer as shown in Figure 4 19 External Trigger Burst Signal Source S 7S 0000 SIGNAL GENERATOR anog O 00000 gt O 00009 oojooo DD OODO RF OUT TRIGGER OUT Figure 4 19 Burst Signal Measurement Setup Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows
53. e analyzer for the first time By performing these tours you will become familiar with the basic operations of the analyzer Chapter 2 is for the spectrum analyzer mode and chapter 3 is for the network analyzer mode Chapters 4 and 5 provide how to use the analyzer for typical network and spectrum measurement Chapter 4 contains measurement examples of spectrum measurement applications and chapter 5 contains examples of network measurement applications Appendix A provides a table that helps you find the information you need in the documentation set Documentation Map The following manuals are available for the analyzer User s Guide Agilent Part Number 04396 900x1 The User s Guide walks you through system setup and initial power on shows how to make basic measurements explains commonly used features and typical application measurement examples After you receive your analyzer begin with this manual Task Reference Agilent Part Number 04396 900x0 Task Reference helps you to learn how to use the analyzer This manual provides simple step by step instructions without concepts Function Reference Agilent Part Number 04396 900x2 The Function Reference describes all function accessed from the front panel keys and softkeys It also provides information on options and accessories available specifications system performance and some topics about the analyzer s features Programming Guide Agilent Part Number 04396 9
54. e the power reflected from the DUT This separation is necessary so that it can be measured independently of the incident power see the following figure Power Reflected Power Splitter al Couple Incident Power C0401 Figure 5 11 Reflection Measurement Multi Port Test Devices When the device has more than one port connect high quality terminations loads to all unused DUT ports to terminate them into their characteristic impedance usually 50 or 75 Q If this is not done reflections off the unused ports will cause measurement errors The S parameter test set automatically switches the termination at the unused port for each S parameter measurement When using a transmission reflection test set terminate the unused input port of the analyzer with a high quality load The signal reflected from the DUT is measured as a ratio with the incident signal It can be expressed as a reflection coefficient a return loss or as SWR These measurements are mathematically defined as 5 12 Network Measurement Examples return loss dB 20 log p reflected power incident power reflection coefficient p magnitude only T magnitude and phase Si or S magnitude and phase l p 1 p SWR Measurement Setup Connection Set up the analyzer as shown in Figure 5 12
55. eale Ref The transmission characteristics trace of the filter is displayed as shown below BW 40 KHZ POWER O GBM SWP 50 25 All the settings are displayed on the LCD Active channel is set to channel 1 Inputs are set to B R Format is set to log magnitude mode Center frequency is set to 70 MHz Frequency span is set to 500 kHz Network Analyzer Tour 3 9 Step 3 Making a Calibration To ensure accurate measurement results calibrate the analyzer before making a measurement Calibration reduces error factor due to uncertainty In this example you perform the response calibration to cancel a frequency response error A THRU BNC female to female connector is necessary to perform a response calibration for the transmission measurement Performing a Response Calibration for the Transmission Measurement E MEASUREMENT ess Fermat Pee E Bwi Ref avg Ca Press CALIBRATE NONE RESPONSE RESPONSE amp ISOL N Press RESPONSE Press THRU 3 10 Network Analyzer Tour CORRECTION on OFF CALIBRATE MENU RESUME CAL SEQUENCE Press CALIBRATE MENU 4 aga Ello E
56. easurement 5 27 For More Information Index Figures 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 15 4 16 4 17 4 18 4 19 4 20 4 21 4 22 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 Power Cable Supplied Rack Mount Kits Installation 2 Connecting a Transmission Reflection Test Set Connecting an S parameter Test Set Spectrum Analyzer Mode One Active Probe Network Analyzer Mode One Active Probe Network Analyzer Mode Two Active Probes Using a Transmission Reflection Test Set Connecting a Keyboard Required Equipment Required Equipment Transmission Reflection Test Set Setup S Parameter Test Set Setup 2 a a a a a a Basic Connection for Spectrum Measurement Harmonics Measurement Setup 2 Using Multiple Peak Search and Marker List to Measure Harmonic Distortion 20282 Using Markers and Noise Format to Measure C N Ratio Display When Starting Signal Track Display After Signal Has Drifted 2 2 Influence on Network Measurement by Leakage from an Adjacent Circuit Network Measurement With Spectrum Monitor Setup Transmission Measurement Result Influenced by Leakage o a a a a a Spectrum Monitoring Result at the B Input Dual Display of Network and Spectrum Measurement Carr
57. em to the instrument in an equipment rack with 482 6 mm 19 inches horizontal spacing Mounting the Rack 1 Remove the adhesive backed trim strips from the left and right front sides of the analyzer 2 Attach the rack mount flange to the left and right front sides of the analyzer using the screws provided 3 Remove all four feet lift bar on the inner side of the foot and slide the foot toward the bar Option 1CP Rack Mount amp Handle Kit 1 8 Installation and Setup Guide Option 1CP is a rack mount kit containing a pair of flanges and the necessary hardware to mount them to an instrument which has handles attached in an equipment rack with 482 6 mm 19 inches spacing Mounting the Handle and Rack 1 Remove the adhesive backed trim strips from the left and right front sides of the analyzer 2 Attach the front handle and the rack mount flange together on the left and right front sides of the analyzer using the screws provided 3 Remove all four feet lift bar on the inner side of the foot and slide the foot toward the bar NFront View 1 15 14 13 45068 DONtz 18 0H 2Hz 1 8 GHz HETWORK SFEGTRUM ANALYZER ENTRY C E e a e 10 E e E es INSTRUMENT STATE Om MARK
58. ency Deviation of Wide Band FM Signal Press Scale Ref and enter reference value if the trace needs to be rescaled Frequency Deviation 1 Press Search SEARCH PEAK 2 Press Marker AMODE MENU AMKR 3 Press Search SEARCH PEAK NEXT PEAK 4 12 Spectrum Measurement Examples CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 10 dBm 1 56236 dE 1 9635 MHz amen wil mm E i li ih dd ied Aidt ad HHI RBW 1 kHz VBW 1 kHz ATN 40 dB SWP 3 226 sec CENTER 400 MHz SPAN 5 MHz Figure 4 14 Wide Band FM Signal Measurement The frequency deviation Afpeax can be derived from the following equation AMkr Afocak 2 where AMkr is the marker sweep parameter value shown in Figure 4 14 In this example the frequency deviation is about 981 kHz Press Marker PRESET MKRS when you are finished with this measurement Carrier Level and Modulating Frequency The carrier level and modulating frequency can be derived using a method similar to the AM signal measurement In this example the zooming function is used to measure the carrier and the adjacent signal 4 Press Display DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off 5 Press Marker to put the maker on the carrier frequency 6 Press MORE ZOOMING APERTURE 0 2 x1 7 Press CROSS CHAN on OFF to ON off 8 Press RETURN MKR ZOOM to zoom up to the carrier signal 9 Press Chan 2 10 Press and ente
59. eps 2 and 3 5 Press LIST DONE CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dB c IF BW 30 Hz SWP 4 019 sec START 736 MHz STOP 936 MHz SEG START STOP POINTS POWER IFBW 1 736 MHz 796 MHz 30 15 dBm 30 Hz 2 796 MHz 876 MHz 120 O dBm 40 kHz gt 3 876 MHz 936 MHz 30 15 dBm 30 Hz END Figure 5 19 Dynamic Range Enhancement The key can save sweep lists along with all other current instrument settings see the Task Reference Network Measurement Examples 5 21 Filter Testing Using Limit Lines The analyzer has limit line testing functions for go no go testing The limit lines define upper and lower limits The limit testing functions compare the measured data to the limit lines and indicate the result The following example is a practical method for setting up limit lines to test a bandpass filter Example of Limit Lines For Filter Testing This example creates limit lines to test a 70 MHz crystal bandpass filter Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Setting Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select S21 or B R measurement Press Meas Trans FWD S21 B R Block Select LOG MAG format Format LOG MAG default Sweep Block Center frequency 836 MHz Press Center 836 Mu Span frequency 100 MHz Press Span 100 Mu Num
60. er 300 VA maximum Power Cable In accordance with international safety standards this instrument is equipped with a three wire power cable When connected to an appropriate ac power outlet this cable grounds the instrument frame The type of power cable shipped with each instrument depends on the country of destination Refer to Figure 1 1 for the part numbers of the power cables available Warning A For protection from electrical shock the power cable ground must not be defeated The power plug must be plugged into an outlet that provides a protective earth ground connection 1 4 Installation and Setup Guide OPTION 900 OPTION 901 Earth TT _ Neutral Line Plug BS 1363A 250V Plug NZSS 198 AS C112 250V Cable 8120 1351 Cable 8120 1369 OPTION 902 OPTION 903 gt A Earth gt E Neutral Line Neutral Plug CEE VIL 250V Plug NEMA 5 15P 125V 15A Cable 8120 1689 Cable 8120 1378 OPTION 904 OPTION 906 Line 1 Ox N Line 2 gt Earth Line Plug NEMA 6 15P 250V 154 que SEV J011 1959 24507 Type 12 250V Cable 8120 0698 able OPTION 912 OPTION 917 e Ground earth Neutral Plug DHCR 107 220V Plug SABS 164 250V Cable 8120 2956 Cable 8120 4211 OPTION 918 OPTION 922 Neutral Line Plug JIS C 8303 125V 15A Plug GB 1002 250V Cable 8120 4753 Cable 8120 8376 NOTE Each option number includes a family of cords and connectors
61. ers increased by one each time a revision is made The latest edition comes with the product xi Contents 1 Installation and Setup Guide Incoming Inspection 2 0480084 NReplacing Fuse oa a a Fuse Selection 2 a a a a Power Requirements Power Cable Operation Environment Cc ee Providing clearance to dissipate heat at installation site Instruction for Cleaning 084 Rack Handle Installation 4 2 Option ICN Handle Kit A Installing the Handle 04 Option 1CM Rack Mount Kit Mounting the Rack a Option 1CP Rack Mount Handle Kit Mounting the Handle and Rack AN Front View ON o NRear Vier Lk ee ek L Connecting a Test Set for Network Analyzer Mode Connecting an Active Probe 02 For Spectrum Analyzer Mode For Network Analyzer Mode 2 Connecting a Keyboard Setting Up a 75 Q Measurement For Spectrum Analyzer Mode 2 2 ee Spectrum Analyzer Tour Before You Leave On The Tour 2 2 Overview 2 1 a a a Required Equipment Step 1 Preparing for a Measurement Turning ON the analyzer 2 ee Connecting the Test Signal Source Step 2 Setting Up the Analyzer Setting the Active Channel Setting the Analyzer Type Selecti
62. g the probe plug into the PROBE POWER connector 5 If necessary terminate the DUT with a load al The following power splitters are available for the analyzer Y 11850C D Three way Power Splitter m 11667A Power Splitter Note For more information about these power splitters see chapter 9 of the Funtion Reference manual Installation and Setup Guide 1 15 1 16 Installation and Setup Guide Using Two Active Probes Active Probe LOAD COATS Figure 1 7 Network Analyzer Mode Two Active Probes 1 Connect one active probe to the R input 2 Connect the other active probe to the B input 3 Connect the RF OUT port to the DUT 4 If necessary terminate the DUT with a load Using a Transmission Reflection Test Set J a o em DI CJ o000 Boo duo o o olo 00000 900000 000 om mo om e e a o SS pojSos o tE gt e e ete ED Active Probe 87512A B Transmission Referection Test Set DUT LOAD C510A014 Figure 1 8 Using a Transmission Reflection Test
63. h to the R input to compensate for it 1 Press to activate channel 2 2 Press Marker Then move the marker to any of the points where the sloping trace crosses the center Place the marker on the sloping portion of the trace not on the vertical phase wrap around 3 Press ELEC DELAY MENU MARKER DELAY The analyzer adds enough electrical length to match the group delay present at the marker frequency group delay is discussed in the next measurement example 4 Press Display DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off to display the results before and after the adjustment The results are shown in Figure 5 8 5 To display the amount of electrical length added press Scale Ref ELEC DELAY MENU ELECTRICAL DELAY You can also determine the electrical length by pressing Scale Ref ELEC DELAY MENU ELECTRICAL DELAY Then turn the rotary knob until the displayed trace is flat see Figure 5 8 It may take many revolutions of the knob before the trace is flat CH1 S21 phase go REF O CH2 S524 phase so REF 0 17 84 IF BW POWER O dBm SWP 50 25 msec 40 kHz CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 50 MHz Figure 5 8 Electrical Length Adjustment Network Measurement Examples 5 9 Measuring Phase Distortion Measurement Setup For many networks the amount of insertion phase is not nearly as important as the linearity
64. he linear phase shift through the passband and the rapid fluctuations that occur outside this region The random phase of the broadband noise floor causes the spurious out of band response This format displays phase over the range of 180 to 180 degrees As phase increases beyond these values a sharp 360 degree transition occurs in the display as the trace wraps between 180 and 180 degrees This wrap causes the characteristic sawtooth display usually seen on devices with linearly increasing or decreasing phase responses CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dE CH2 S524 phase so REF 0 IF BW 3 POWER O dBm SWP 4 kHz 00 msec CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 200 MHz Figure 5 5 Amplitude and Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter Using the Expanded Phase Mode The analyzer can display phase beyond 180 degrees Press Format MORE EXPANDED PHASE Then press Scale Ref AUTO SCALE The phase is displayed with no wrap see Figure 5 6 CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dE CH2 S524 ExPhase 200 REF 400 A 1 Y As A IF B POWER O dBm SWP 00 mse W 3 kHz 4 sec CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 200 MHz Figure 5 6 Expanded Phase Mode Press Format PHASE when you are fi
65. ier Amplitude and Frequency of AM Signal Modulating Frequency of AM Signal Wide Band FM Signal Measurement Zooming Carrier Signal of FM Signal Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement Maximum and Minimum Envelopes of Narrow Band FM Signal 2 ww Superimposing Spectrum and Envelopes Burst Signal Measurement Setup 2 02 Burst Signal Measurement Result Using Normal Sweep Burst Signal Measurement Using Gated Sweep Burst Signal Spectrum and Test Signal Envelope Transmission Measurement Setup 2 Response of a Dielectric Filter 2 Using the Marker to Determine 3 dB Bandwidth Using Peak Search to Determine Ripple Amplitude and Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter Expanded Phase Mode 40 4 8 4 9 4 9 4 11 4 11 4 13 4 14 4 14 4 15 4 15 4 16 4 17 4 17 4 18 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 Contents 5 Contents 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 13 5 14 5 15 5 16 5 17 5 18 5 19 5 20 5 21 5 22 5 23 5 24 Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter Over a 50 MHz Span ooa Electrical Length Adjustment Deviation From Linear Phase 2 2 2 Group Delay 2 Reflection Measurement Reflection Measurement Setup 2 2 Return Loss 20422 SWR ww a Sm on Polar Chart 2 a Impedance Measurement Admittance Measurement 2 2
66. ilter This measurement can be used to obtain the key filter parameters Measurement Setup Connection Set up the analyzer as shown in Figure 5 1 0000 J nec O Ok a o goood o o ola 60000 mam 000000 00 ok e SoB m j n j a m jam a an 8 0 HH Figure 5 1 Transmission Measurement Setup Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Network Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZER TYPE NETWORK ANALYZER block Select S21 or B R measurement Press Trans FWD S21 B R Select LOG MAG format LOG MAG default IF BW 3 kHz Bw Avg 3 Sweep block Center frequency 836 MHz Press Center 836 Mu Span frequency 200 MHz Press Span 200 Mu Performing Calibration Perform a frequency response calibration for this measurement as follows 1 Press Cal CALIBRATE MENU RESPONSE 5 2 Network Measurement Examples 2 Connect a THRU calibration standard between the measurement cables in place of the DUT 3 Press THRU to perform a frequency response calibration data measurement 4 Press DONE RESPONSE CORRECTION on OFF is automatically set to CORRECTION ON off Measurement Replace the THRU standard with the DUT Press AUTO SCALE if
67. k contains keys related to the marker functions 10 11 12 13 14 15 INSTRUMENT STATE block contains keys related to setting analyzer functions ENTRY block contains numerical keys rotary knob increment decrement keys edit keys and unit terminator keys Rotary knob changes displayed value by turning the knob SWEEP block contains keys related to the sweep functions MEASUREMENT block controls the measurement and display functions ACTIVE CHANNEL block selects the active channel as 1 or 2 Softkeys used with hierarchical menus that are displayed by pressing hardkeys Pressing a softkey activates the displayed function or accesses a lower level menu NRear View 6B101002 EXT PROG ALN GONT parto inaite Refer eorvicing quentisa personnel HE 1B Vo 23D Vw 300 YA Max PRINTER Peral Caution Y 16 AN resT SET 1 0 INTERCONNECT comnects the S parameter test set to the analyzer If you connect a printer with the TEST SET I O INTERCONNECT it may cause damage to the printer Do not connect a printer to this connector 17 Parallel interface connects the printer to the analyzer 18 GPIB interface controls an GPIB instrument or can be controlled by an extern
68. les 4 1 Harmonic Distortion Measurement The analyzer can simultaneously display the difference values between the fundamental and harmonics up to the seventh harmonic The test signal used in this example is the output of an amplifier with a 20 MHz sine wave input signal Test Signal and Test Device The following test signal and device are used in this example a Input Test Signal o Frequency 100 MHz m Test Device o Amplifier Measurement Setup Connection Set up the analyzer as shown in Figure 4 2 0000 0000 ojo 00000 500000 O O a ogojo 90 000 e Signal Amplifier Source Figure 4 2 Harmonics Measurement Setup 4 2 Spectrum Measurement Examples Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Spectrum Analyzer Press ANALYZER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER Block Select S input Meas SPECTRUM S default Sweep Block Start frequency 50 MHz Press 50 Stop frequency 1 8 GHz Press Stop 1 8 Gin Multiple Peak Search and Marker List For Harmonic Distortion Measurement Harmonic components can be read to 5 digits resolution by moving the marker to each harmonic The marker and seven sub markers can be moved to peaks automatically Amplitude and frequency of
69. libration for the network analyzer mode How to perform level calibration for the spectrum analyzer mode Softkey reference Principles of calibration Chapter 4 in the Task Reference Chapter 2 in the Task Reference Chapter 5 in the Function Reference Chapter 12 in the Function Reference Disk and Memory How to use disk and memory storage Softkey reference File system information Chapter 6 in the Task Reference Chapter 8 in the Function Reference Appendix C in the Function Reference Print How to print Softkey descriptions Printer available Chapter 6 in the Task Reference Chapter 8 in the Function Reference Chapter 9 in the Function Reference Controlling by GPIB How to control the analyzer by GPIB GPIB command reference SCPI command reference See GPIB Programming Guide See GPIB Command Reference See GPIB Command Reference Instrument BASIC How to use HP Instrument BASIC HP Instrument BASIC command See Using HP Instrument BASIC See HP Instrument BASIC Users Handbook Specifications Chapter 10 in the Function Reference Accessories How to connect Optional accessories available Furnished accessories Appendix A in this guide Chapter 9 in the Function Reference Chapter 10 in the Function Reference Default Setting Appendix D in the Function Reference Measurement Basic Chapter 12 in the Function Reference Error Messages See Messages in the Functio
70. mat disk Saving Analyzer Settings In the following example use SATOUR as the file name of the analyzer settings you want to save 2 INSTRUMENT STATE O Rmt pq e fa STATE DATA ONLY GRAPHICS RE SAVE FILE Press Save Press STATE The analyzer requests the file name you want to use for the saved settings Entering the File Name Note If a keyboard is connected you can use it for file name entry If not Y Y use the front panel controls as described in the following steps Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 13 However with the analyzer the last 2 characters are reserved for a suffix Therefore you can enter a file name of up to 8 characters Either upper or lower case is recognized in the LIF format Note uy The file name for a LIF format can be up to 10 characters long A file name for a DOS format consists of a file name and an extension The file name can be up to 8 characters long and the extension contains up to 3 characters A period separates the extension from the file name The extension part reserved by the analyzer Therefore you can enter a file name of up to 8 characters The file name is not case sensitive in the DOS format 1 Spectrum 10 dB REF 0 POINT WITH KNOB 4 STEP KEY THEN SELECT LETTER FILE NAME e SPACE ABC
71. n Reference VO port How to use Descriptions Chapter 10 in the Programming Guide Chapter 12 in the Function Reference Manual Set Organization of manual set See the Documentation Map in the front matter of each manual You can also use the Table of Contents and the Index of each manual to find the specific information you need For More Information A 1 Index 85046A B S parameter Test Set 5 1 accessory A 1 active channel setting 2 4 3 5 ADMITTANCE CHART 5 18 admittance measurement 5 18 AM signal measurement 4 10 analyzer settings recalling 2 15 saving 2 13 analyzer type setting to network 3 6 setting to spectrum 2 5 ANALYZER TYPE 4 3 5 2 aperture 5 11 automatic scaling performing 3 9 AUTO SCALE 5 3 5 6 bandwidth 5 4 beep 5 23 burst signal measurement 4 16 Cal gt 5 2 CALIBRATE MENU 5 2 calibration A 1 frequency response A 1 frequency response 5 2 full two port A 1 one path two port A 1 one port reflection A 1 procedure 5 2 standards A 1 thru A 1 thru 5 2 transmission measurement 5 2 CAL OUT signal 2 3 CHAN COUP on OFF 5 27 cleaning 1 6 C N Measurement 4 4 command GPIB A 1 Index 1 Index 2 Instrument BASIC A 1 Contents 1 1 CORRECTION ON off 5 2 COUPLED CH on OFF 5 6 COUPLED CH ON off 5 5 CROSS CHAN on OFF 4 13 5 5 DATA and MEMORY 4 14 DATA HOLD OFF 4 14 DATA MATH DATA 5
72. nd harmonic press NEXT PEAK again Spectrum Analyzer Tour 2 11 Step 4 Saving and Recalling Analyzer Settings Preparing the Disk 2 12 Spectrum Analyzer Tour You can store the settings or measurement data on a 3 5 inch disk using the analyzer s disk drive In this tour you save and recall the settings that you selected previously in this tour To use a disk you must first initialize it by performing the following steps Verify the disk is not write protected 3 INSTRUMENT STATE O Rmt e pp li Insert the disk into the disk drive RE SAVE FILE FILE UTILITIES STOR DEV MEMORY Press Save 5 INITIALIZE FORMAT ILIR STOR DEV DISK RETURN Press FILE UTILITIES LIF STOR DEV DISK RETURN Toggle FORMAT DOS to LIF and STOR DEV MEMORY to DISK Press INTIALIZE DISK cH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 0 INITIALIZE DISK YES INITIALIZE DISK In Progress Press INITIALIZE DISK YES The message INITIALIZE DISK In Progress is displayed After the disk is initialized this message is turned off Note al The analyzer can use either a LIF Logical Interchange Format or a Y DOS Disk Operating System for
73. nforms to the requirements of the safety standard when it is enclosed with cooling clearance as follows Conditions Rear 180 mm Side 60 mm Instruction for Cleaning 1 6 Installation and Setup Guide To prevent electrical shock disconnect the 4396B power cable from the receptacle before cleaning Wipe with a dry cloth or a soft cloth that is soaked with water and wrung tightly without undeue pressure to clean the casing Do not attempt to clean the 4396B internally Rack Handle Installation The analyzer can be rack mounted and used as a component in a measurement system Figure 1 2 shows how to rack mount the analyzer Table 1 3 Rack Mount Kits Option Description Agilent Part Number ICN Handle Kit 5062 3991 1CM Rack Mount Kit 5062 3979 1CP Rack Mount amp Handle Kit 5062 3985 5 E o om Figure 1 2 Rack Mount Kits Installation Option 1CN Handle Kit Option 1CN is a handle kit containing a pair of handles and the necessary hardware to attach them to the instrument Installing the Handle 1 Remove the adhesive backed trim strips O from the left and right front sides of the analyzer 2 Attach the front handles G to the sides using the screws provided 3 Attach the trim strips to the handles Installation and Setup Guide 1 7 Option 1CM Rack Mount Kit Option 1CM is a rack mount kit containing a pair of flanges and the necessary hardware to mount th
74. ng the Input a a Setting the Frequency Range 2 2 Step 3 Making a Measurement 2 Reading the Peak Level Using the Marker Setting the Resolution Bandwidth to See Low Level Signals 2 2 E 1 1 ww e e e do pd A pd pd pd doo pd 1 1 co 00 00 00 00 1 AD DO AOU 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 3 2 3 2 4 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 6 2 8 2 8 2 9 Contents 1 Contents 2 Searching for Harmonics Using the Search Function Step 4 Saving and Recalling Analyzer Settings Preparing the Disk Saving Analyzer Settings Ca Entering the File Name Recalling the Analyzer Settings 0 2 Network Analyzer Tour Before You Leave On The Tour 2 2 Overview aoaaa a a a a Required Equipment Step 1 Preparing for the Measurement Turning ON the Analyzer aoaaa a aa Connecting the DUT Step 2 Setting up the Analyzer 2 Setting the Active Channel Setting the Analyzer Type Selecting the Input Setting the Frequency Range 2 2 Performing the Automatic Scaling 2 Step 3 Making a Calibration Step 4 Reading a Measurement Result Reading a Measured Value by Using Marker Step 5 Printing Out the Measurement Result Configuring and Connecting a Printer Making a Hardcopy of the LCD Display
75. nished with this measurement Network Measurement Examples 5 7 Measuring Electrical Length Measurement Setup The analyzer electronically implements a function similar to the mechanical line stretchers of earlier analyzers The analyzer s electrical length correction function simulates a variable length lossless transmission line This simulated line can be added or removed from a receiver s input to compensate for interconnecting cables or other connections In this example this function is used to measure the electrical length of a test device With the same connection instrument settings and calibration used in the previous example see Measurement Setup in Measuring Transmission Characteristics of a Filter make the following changes 1 Press Format PHASE to display the phase trace on channel 1 2 Press DUAL CHAN ON off to on OFF 3 Press 50 to zoom the passband trace on the display Measurement If the trace needs to be rescaled press AUTO SCALE CH1 S21 phase go REF O P IF BW 40 KHz POWER O dBm CENTER 835 MHz SWP 50 25 msec SPAN 50 MHz Figure 5 7 Phase Response of a Dielectric Filter Over a 50 MHz Span Electrical Length Adjustment 5 8 Network Measurement Examples The linearly decreasing phase is due to the DUT s electrical length This length is measured by electronically adding lengt
76. of the phase shift over a range of frequencies The analyzer can measure this linearity and express it in two different ways m Directly as deviation from linear phase m As group delay a derived value This example assumes the measurement settings made in Measuring Electrical Length the previous example are still in effect Deviation from Linear Phase By adding electrical length required to flatten the phase response you have already removed the linear phase shift caused by the DUT The remaining response is the deviation from linear phase Press Display DUAL CHAN ON off to on OFF CH2 S21 phase go REF O 52 028 S45 MHz c Del IF B POWER O dBm SWP 400 mse W 3 kHz sec CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 50 MHz Figure 5 9 Deviation From Linear Phase Press ELEC DELAY MENU ELECTRICAL DELAY 0 xI when you are finished with this measurement Group Delay Measurement 5 10 Network Measurement Examples The phase linearity of many devices is specified in terms of group delay or envelope delay This is especially true of telecommunications components and systems Group delay is the difference in propagation time through a device as a function of frequency It is measured as a ratio of phase change over a sample delta frequency as follows Ag Group Delay 3604F Where Aq is phase change deg AF commonly called the aperture is
77. of varoius materials and plug body configurations straight 90 etc Figure 1 1 Power Cable Supplied Installation and Setup Guide 1 5 Operation Environment Note a The 4396B must be operated under within the following environment conditions and sufficient space must be kept behind the 4396B to avoid obstructing the air flow of the cooling fans Temperature 0 C to 40 C Humidity less than 95 RH at 40 C The 4396B must be protected from temperature extremes which could cause condensation within the instrument Providing clearance to dissipate heat at installation site To ensure the specifications and measurement accuracy of the product you must keep ambient temperature around the product within the specified range by providing appropriate cooling clearance around the product or for the rackmount type by forcefully air cooling inside the rack housing For information on ambient temperature to satisfy the specifications and measurement accuracy of the product refer to Specifications in Chapter 10 of the Function Reference When the ambient temperature around the product is kept within the temperature range of the operating environment specification refer to Operation Conditions in Chapter 10 of the function reference the product conforms to the requirements of the safety standard Furthermore under that temperature environment it has been confirmed that the product still co
78. on for this measurement as follows 1 2 1 Press CALIBRATE MENU RESPONSE Connect a THRU calibration standard between the measurement cables in place of the DUT Press THRU to perform a frequency response calibration data measurement Press DONE RESPONSE CORRECTION on OFF is automatically set to CORRECTION ON off Press AUTO SCALE to fit scale to the trace Press PEAK to put the marker on an unknown peak of the trace The transmission measurement result is displayed as shown in Figure 4 9 CH1 S21 log MAB 10 dB REF 40 dE 11 88 dE 240 MHz Cor IF BW 4 O msec POWER O dBm 5 SPAN 200 MHz O kHz CENTER 250 MHz Figure 4 9 Transmission Measurement Result Influenced by Leakage The measurement result shows an unknown peak at 240 MHz Monitoring the Leakage Signal at the B Input Using the Spectrum Monitor During the spectrum measurement sweep the network measurement is turned off To monitor the input signal at the B input 1 Press Chan 2 2 Press ANALYZER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER B 3 Press 250 M p 4 Press 200 M74 CH2 B Spectrum 10 dB REF 4 dBm 28 567 dBm ls reat Shay RBW 300 Hz VBW 300 kHz ATN 6 dB SWP 80 mse E sec CENTER 250 MHz SPAN 200 MHz Figure 4 10 Spectrum Monitoring
79. or segment 2 em 120 points E Press ADD Ss SA A Segment 1 Segment 2 Segment 3 Press 876 m w Press NUMBER of POINIS 120 x1 SEGMENT DONE 5 For segment 3 Press ADD Press 936 M p Press NUMBER of POINTS 30 SEGMENT DONE 6 Press LIST DONE The segments do not have to be entered in any particular order The analyzer automatically sorts them in increasing order of sweep parameter value CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dB IF BW 40 kHz SWP 124 2 msec CENTER 836 MHz SPAN 200 MHz SEG START STOP POINTS POWER IFBW 1 736 MHz 796 MHz 30 O dBm 40 kHz 2 796 MHz 876 MHz 120 O dBm 40 kHz gt 3 876 MHz 936 MHz 30 o dBm 40 kHz END Figure 5 18 Sweep List Edit Display Performing List Sweep Press SWEEP TYPE MENU LIST FREQ to perform the list sweep measurement 5 20 Network Measurement Examples Dynamic Range Enhancement Figure 5 19 shows the sweep list modified from the list of the previous example to improve dynamic range Segments and 2 have a narrow IF bandwidth and a higher power level for the stopband of the filter Segment 3 has a wide IF bandwidth and lower power level for passband 1 Press Sweep SWEEP TYPE MENU EDIT LIST 2 To modify segment 1 press SEGMENT 1 xi EDIT 3 Press POWER 15 xi IFBW 10 1 SEGMENT DONE 4 To modify segments 2 and 3 see Figure 5 19 for the values and modify them in a manner similar to st
80. or the product or improper site preparation or maintenance No other warranty ts expressed or implied Agilent Technologies specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Exclusive Remedies The remedies provided herein are buyer s sole and exclusive remedies Agilent Technologies shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential damages whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory Assistance Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements are available for Agilent Technologies products For any assistance contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office Addresses are provided at the back of this manual Safety Summary The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation service and repair of this instrument Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific WARNINGS elsewhere in this manual may impair the protection provided by the equipment In addition it violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument The Agilent Technologies assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements Note al 4396B comply with INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and POLLUTION Y DEGREE 2 in IEC1010 1 4396B are INDOOR USE product Note i LEDs in this product are Class 1 in ac
81. parameter values sweep by sweep The following test signal is used in this example m Frequency 900 MHz not stable Connection Connect the test signal to the S input Analyzer Settings 1 Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Select S input Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Spectrum Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER Block Meas SPECTRUM default Sweep Block Center frequency 900 MHz Span frequency 20 kHz Press Center 900 Mu Press Span 20 k m 2 Set channel 2 the same as channel 1 as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Select S input Active Channel Select channel 2 Chan 2 Block Measurement Select Spectrum Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZER TYPE SPECTRUM ANALYZER Block Meas SPECTRUM default Sweep Block Center frequency 900 MHz Span frequency 20 kHz Press Center 900 Mu Press Span 20 k m Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 5 Tracking an Unstable Signal In this example the signal is drifting 1 Press Display DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off 2 Press Chan 1 3 Press Marker to turn the marker on 4 Use the knob to bring the marker close to the signal you want to track 5 Press Gearch SIGNAL TRK on OFF to turn the signal track on As the signal drifts the center f
82. pment should be as listed in Table 1 1 If the contents are incomplete if there is mechanical damage or defect or if the analyzer does not pass the power on selftests notify the nearest Agilent Technologies office If the shipping container is damaged or the cushioning material shows signs of unusual stress notify the carrier as well as the Agilent Technologies office Keep the shipping materials for the carrier s inspection Installation and Setup Guide 1 1 Table 1 1 Contents Description Agilent Part Number Net work Spectrum Impedance Analyzer N to BNC adapter 50 Q BNC cable Sample Program Disk 2 disks Power Cable CD ROM for manuals 23 4396B 1250 0780 8120 1839 04396 18010 04396 905xx Option 810 only mini DIN Keyboard C3757 60401 Option ABA only Documents Task Reference User s Guide Function Reference Programming Guide GPIB Command Reference Performance Test Manual Instrument BASIC User s HandBook Option 010 Operation Handbook 04396 900x0 3 04396 900x1 3 04396 900x2 3 04396 900x3 3 04396 900x4 3 04396 901x0 3 04155 90151 04396 900x63 Option OBW only Service Manual 04396 901x1 3 Option 1D5 only BNC Adapter 1250 1859 Option 1D7 only 500 750 Minimum Loss Pad 11852B option 004 509 BNC 750 N Adapter 1250 2438 Option 1CN Handle Kit Handle Kit 5062 3991 Option 1CM Handle Kit Rack Mount Kit 5062 3979 Option 1CP Rack Mount amp
83. r 1 on the trace shows the passband center frequency and sub markers 2 and 3 show the location of the 3 dB cutoff points CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dE 5 6895 dB 840 5 MHz Trka cor Bw 27 508072 MHz os cent B36 90297 MHz a 39 427 loss 5 6995 de LF s12 7714102 MHz AA 14 786999 MHz pod hp Wh Jo IAL IF BW 3 POWER O dBm SWP 4 kHz 00 msec CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 200 MHz Figure 5 3 Using the Marker to Determine 3 dB Bandwidth To have the analyzer calculate the bandwidth between other power levels select WIDTH VALUE and enter the number for example enter 6 x1 for 6 dB Press PRESET MKRS when you are finished with this measurement Ripple or Flatness Passband ripple or flatness is the variation in insertion loss over a specified portion of the passband l Press DUAL CHAN on OFF to ON off to display channel 2 below channel 1 2 Press Sweep COUPLED CH ON off to on OFF 3 Press MAX 4 Press Marker gt CROSS CHAN on OFF to ON off 5 Press MORE ZOOMING APERTURE 20 x1 RETURN MKR ZOOM 6 Press Search MAX Then press MKR REFERENCE SCALE DEV 0 5 to magnify the trace to resolve the ripple T Press Search SEARCH PEAK Then press Marker AMODE MENU AMKR 8 Press Search SEARCH PEAK PEAK DEF MENU PEAK PLRIY POS neg to pos NEG RETURN Then press SEARCH PEAK The passband ripple is automatically gi
84. r reference vale if the trace needs to be rescaled 11 Press Marker 100 to move the marker to the career frequency The carrier amplitude can be read as the marker value 12 Press Marker AMODE MENU AMKR to put the Amaker on the carrier 13 Press SEARCH PEAK LEFT PEAK or RIGHT PEAK to move the marker to the sideband Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 13 CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 20 dBm 51 898 dBm xdn Cpl S DM Wines pto e Cia i AB 1 kHz VEW 1 kHz ATN 10 dB SWP 3 226 sec CH1 CENTER 100 MHz SPAN 5 MHZ CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 20 dBm 12 575 dB 1 kHz amr Cpi a nl A YA l ANWAR np AL A a a kk and RBW 30 Hz VBW 30 Hz ATN 10 dB SWP 357 2 msec SPAN CH2 CENTER 100 MHz Figure 4 15 Zooming Carrier Signal of FM Signal Press DUAL CHAN ON off to on OFF and then when you are finished with this measurement Narrow Band FM Signal Measurement 1 Change the test signal source to the narrow band FM signal 2 Press Chan 1 Span 100 k m Bw Avg 10 k m The spectrum of the narrow band FM signal is displayed 3 Press Scale Ref 10 x1 CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB REF O dBm 10 347 dBm 7 ir AM 140 MHz RBW 10 kHz
85. requency automatically changes to bring the signal and the marker to the center of the display Figure 4 5 shows a display when signal track is ON at channel 1 Figure 4 6 shows a display after the analyzer sweeps a few times At channel 1 the center frequency has been changed to maintain the drifting signal at the center of the display Channel 2 shows that signal frequency has drifted to a higher frequency CH1 S Spectrum 10 dB REB 20 dBm 25 47 dBm 50D 00095 MHz lly Y al dl ihr itl A ATN to de ewe NA ee CH1 CENTER 900 00095 MHz SPAN 20 kHz CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 20 dBm 25 471 dBm aop o004s mnz Y m m 7 lite lla Ad nll RBW 30 Hz VBW 30 Hz ATN 10 dB SWP 734 4 msec CH2 CENTEA 900 00095 MHz SPAN 20 kHz Figure 4 5 Display When Starting Signal Track 10 dB REF 20 dBm 79 821 dem so0 004575 MHz RBW Hz BW 30 Hz ATN 10 dB SWP 734 4 msec CH1 CENTER 900 004575 MHz SPAN 20 kHz CH2 S Spectrum 10 dB REF 20 dBm 115 06 dBm e sop 00095 MHz 4 30 Hz ATN 10 dB SWP 734 RBW 30 Hz VBW 4 CH2 CENTEA 900 00095 MHz SPAN 20 kHz Figure 4 6 Display After Signal Has Drifted 4 6 Spectrum Measurement Examples Network Measurement with Spectrum Monitor During a network measurement crosstalk or leakage such as noise from an adjacent circuit can change the measurement results To detec
86. sition the marker at any desired point on the trace Then read the frequency magnitude and phase in the upper right hand corner of the display Or enter the frequency of interest from the data entry key pad to read the magnitude and phase at that point To read the marker data in logarithmic linear real imaginary impedance R jX admittance G jB or SWR phase formats press SMTH POLAR MENU and select the desired format Impedance Measurement The amount of power reflection from a device is directly related to the impedance values of both the device and the measuring system In fact each value of the reflection coefficient T uniquely defines a device impedance For example a T 0 occurs when the device and test set impedance are the same m A short circuit has a reflection coefficient of T 1 2180 1 An open circuit has a reflection coefficientofT 1 70 1 Every other value for T also corresponds uniquely to a complex device impedance according to the equation 1 T co 1 T Where Zn is the DUT impedance normalized to that is divided by the measuring system s characteristic impedance usually 50 or 75 Q The network analyzer has a default impedance of 50 Q To set the impedance to 75 Q press Cal MORE SET ZO The network analyzer uses the formula above to convert the reflection coefficient measurement data to impedance data Zn 1 Press Format SMITH The display shows the complex impedance of the D
87. sting For detailed information on the list sweep see List Sweep in this chapter Limit line information is lost if you press Preset or turn off the power However the Save keys can save the limit line information along with all other current instrument settings when the limit lines are on See the Task Reference manual for details Gain Compression Measurement An important measure of active circuits is how well they handle a signal frequency with a varying input amplitude By using the power sweep function in the network analyzer mode measurements such as gain compression or automatic gain control slope can be made Measurement Setup Connection Set up the analyzer as shown in Figure 5 22 0000 0000 o 00000 O goanag Do u DO DDO Power Attenuator Splitter CHO4024 Figure 5 22 Gain Compression Measurement Setup Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 default Block Measurement Select Network Analyzer Press ANALYZER TYPE NETWORK ANALYZER block Select S21 or B R measurement Press Trans FWD S21 B R Select LOG MAG format LOG MAG default IF BW 10 kHz Bw Avg 10 Sweep block Select power sweep Press SWEEP TYPE POWER Start power 20 dBm Press 20 x1 Stop power
88. surement Examples For more information on the gated sweep and the repetitive sampling mode see the Function Reference manual Network Measurement Examples This chapter contains the following network measurement examples m Transmission Measurement ao 3 dB bandwidth Ripple or flatness Magnitude and phase characteristics Expanded phase characteristics lectrical length measurement hase distortion measurement c Deviation from linear phase c Group delay m Reflection measurement c Return loss Reflection coefficient Standing wave ration SWR m S parameters measurement m Impedance and admittance measurement List sweep o Sweep time reduction o Dynamic range enhancement Filter testing using limit line Gain compression measurement Ve Basic Setup All the examples described in this chapter use the 85046A B S parameter Test Set to connect to the device under test puT This approach simplifies the measurement setup Example DUT The DUT used in the examples in this chapter is a dielectric bandpass filter with a 836 MHz center frequency If you use your own DUT modify the parameter values measurement frequency range signal level etc as appropriate for your DUT Network Measurement Examples 5 1 Measuring Transmission Characteristics of a Filter Insertion loss and gain are ratios of the output to input signals The following procedure measures the insertion loss and gain of a 836 MHz dielectric bandpass f
89. t the effect of these spurious inputs the analyzer can monitor the spectrum of the input signal at the R A and B inputs GARE RABA o e 05103021 Figure 4 7 Influence on Network Measurement by Leakage from an Adjacent Circuit Measurement Setup In this example the network measurement circuit has leakage from an adjacent signal source The frequency of the signal source is 240 MHz and the DUT is a 250 MHz bandpass filter Connection ODDO ODDO 2060000 000000 C503016 Figure 4 8 Network Measurement With Spectrum Monitor Setup Spectrum Measurement Examples 4 7 Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Settings Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Spectrum Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZER TYPE NETWORK ANALYZER Block Select S2 or B R measurement Trans FWD S21 B R Select LOG MAG format LOG MAG default Sweep Block Center frequency 250 MHz Press 250 Span frequency 200 MHz Press 200 Performing Calibration Network Measurement 4 8 Spectrum Measurement Examples Perform a frequency response calibrati
90. ters Measurement uses the calibration Y corrections you just completed Do not change the calibration settings before doing the example Measurement Connect the DUT to the test set Press AUTO SCALE if the trace needs to be rescaled Return Loss and Reflection Coefficient 5 14 The return loss characteristics are displayed in the Log Mag format in Figure 5 13 The value inside the passband is greater than outside the passband A large value for return loss corresponds to a small reflected signal just as a large value for insertion loss corresponds to a small transmitted signal CH1 S1414 log MAB 10 dB REF O dB Cor IF BW 4 POWER O dBm O msec 5 SPAN 100 MHz O kHz CENTER 835 MHz Figure 5 13 Return Loss To display the same data in terms of reflection coefficient press Format LIN MAG This redisplays the existing measurement in a linear Network Measurement Examples magnitude format that varies from T 1 00 at the top of the display 100 reflection to 0 00 at the bottom of the display perfect match Standing Wave Ratio To display the reflection measurement data as standing wave ratio SWR press SWR The analyzer reformats the display in the unitless measure of SWR with SWR 1 a perfect match at the bottom of the display CH1 S141 SWR 2 REF O AN IF BW
91. the frequency difference that gives Aj To display group delay press Format DELAY If the trace needs to be rescaled press and AUTO SCALE The default aperture is very narrow so the group delay measurement displayed is very noisy CH2 S21 delay 20 ns REF 50 ns 65 751 ns S45 MHz c IF BW 3 POWER O dBm SWP 400 msec kHz CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 50 MHz Figure 5 10 Group Delay Smoothing Group Delay Trace By setting a wide aperture rapid changes in phase are averaged and have less affect on the measurement However some loss in measurement detail occurs with wide apertures Press Bw Avg GROUP DELAY APERTURE The value of the aperture is shown at the upper left of the display Press f to increase the aperture the display becomes less noisy Where to Find More Information For more information on group delay principles see the Task Reference manual Network Measurement Examples 5 11 Reflection Measurement When making a reflection measurement the analyzer monitors the signal going to the DUT and uses it as the reference It compares the reflected signal from the DUT to the reference signal The ratio of the incident and reflected signals is the reflection coefficient of the DUT or when expressed in decibels the return loss Reflection measurements require the connection of a directional device such as a directional coupler to separat
92. the trace needs to be rescaled Note that the display shows the complete response of the bandpass filter under test Read Out Insertion Loss Using the Marker l Press MAX to move the marker to the maximum value of trace The marker reads out the insertion loss and displays it at the upper right of the display 2 Press Marker AMARKER MENU AMKR to turn on the AMarker at the position of the marker 3 Enter 60 to move the marker to the point offset from the Amarker The Amarker value shows the out of band rejection CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dE 105 15 dB go mHz amen Cor IF BW 3 POWER O dBm SWP 4 kHz 00 msec CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 200 MHz Figure 5 2 Response of a Dielectric Filter Network Measurement Examples 5 3 3 dB Bandwidth 5 4 Network Measurement Examples The analyzer calculates the bandwidth of the DUT between two equal power levels In this example it calculates the 3 dB bandwidth relative to the filter center frequency 1 Press Marker Then use the rotary knob to move the marker to the center of the filter passband 2 Press Search WIDTH OFF WIDTH on OFF to ON off The analyzer calculates the 3 dB bandwidth center frequency Q Quality Factor insertion loss and differences between the center frequency and the cutoff frequencies of the DUT It then lists the results at the upper right hand of the display Sub marke
93. ve two different sweep lists One list for the network analyzer and the other list for the spectrum analyzer When both channels are set to the same analyzer mode both channels use the same list This example describes the following two applications m Sweep time reduction for filter testing in the network analyzer mode including the setup procedure m Dynamic range enhancement in the network analyzer mode The following example creates a list sweep to measure a filter that has a 836 MHz center frequency and a 50 MHz bandwidth This example uses the list sweep to reduce the sweep time by setting coarse sweep points for the rejection band and the fine sweep points for the passband Analyzer Settings Press Preset Then set the analyzer s controls as follows Desired Setting Key Strokes Active Channel Select channel 1 Chan 1 default Block Measurement Select Network Analyzer Press Meas ANALYZER TYPE NETWORK ANALYZER Block Select 1 or B R measurement Press Meas Trans FWD 21 B R Select LOG MAG format Format FORMAT LOG MAG default Network Measurement Examples 5 19 Creating a Sweep List Perform the following procedure to create a list see the graph below l Press Sweep SWEEP TYPE MENU EDIT LIST 2 To edit the list press EDIT 3 For segment 1 Press 736 M p Press 796 M p Press NUMBER of POINTS 30 SEGMENT DONE 736MHz 796MHz 876MHz 936MHz l 4 F
94. ven as the peak to peak variation between the markers The ripple value is displayed at the upper right of the display CH1 S21 log MAB 20 dB REF 60 dE 4142 dE o amie Xejh Cpl IF kHz POWER O dem Swe 400 msec CH1 CENTER 836 MHz SPAN 200 MHz CH2 S24 log MAG 2 dB REF 5 561 dB 4236 dB amr Col Had POWER O dBm SWP 400 msec IF B kHz CH2 CENTER 835 MHz SPAN 20 MHz Figure 5 4 Using Peak Search to Determine Ripple Press Chan 1 PRESET MKRS and Chan 2 Marker PRESET MKRS when you are finished with this measurement Network Measurement Examples 5 5 Measuring Phase Response 5 6 Network Measurement Examples A two input ratio measurement can also provide information about the phase shift of a network The analyzer can translate this information into a related parameter group delay With the same connection instrument settings and calibration used in the previous example see Measurement Setup in Measuring Transmission Characteristics of a Filter make the following changes l Press Chan 1 Sweep COUPLED CH on OFF to ON off to couple sweep parameters of channel 2 to channel 1 2 Press Chan 2 Format PHASE to display the phase response on channel 2 If the trace needs to be rescaled press Scale Ref and AUTO SCALE Figure 5 5 shows the phase response of the bandpass filter Notice t
95. z bandpass filter you should specify the frequency range for the measurement In this example set the analyzer to a 70 MHz center frequency with a 500 kHz span 1 SWEEP 2 CH4 B R Log MAG 10 dB REF 0 e ee e e LO Hn JJ CENTER 70 In the SWEEP block press Center Press 0 E ENTRY eee 9 Gin 7 gt 1 2 3 k m 4 SWEEP e ee e Start Stop enter Span Press e In the SWEEP block press Span 5 CHI B R Log MAG 10 dB REF SPAN 500 0 E ENTRY ee 53 1 2 3 7 8 9 Gin 4 5 6 Miu Press 0 0 3 8 Network Analyzer Tour Press km Performing the Automatic Scaling Often the trace obtained after specifying the frequency range is too large or too small vertically for the grid However by using the automatic scaling function you can obtain the optimum vertical setting automatically MEASUREMENT THEO Meas la Bisplay AUTO SCALE SCALE DIV ED ED renas REFERENCE VALUE In the MEASUREMENT block Press Press AUTO SCALE S

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