981040 PEI Booklet - Lashen Electronics
Contents
1. Page 14 NECESSARY TEST EQUIPMENT Model 24 Solenoid Activator and System Tester Model 77A Tone Generator Model 200EP Inductive Amplifier Model 2003 Short To Earth Ground Locator Model 521 Broken Wire 7 Solenoid Valve Locator l 2 3 4 Model 501 amp 508S Cable Locators 5 6 T Model 528 Compact Wire amp Solenoid Valve Locator All of the above equipment is manufactured by Progressive Electronics Inc Mesa Arizona and are pictured on page 15 PROGRESSIVE ELECTRONICS TROUBLE SHOOTING AND MAINTAINING ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED ZONE IRRIGATIONS SYSTEMS 1 TROUBLE SHOOTING AT THE CONTROLLER Automated irrigation systems are a dream when work ing properly When a problem develops it can be a long and tedious process to solve With the aid of a volt ohmeter this section should help you determine what conditions exist so you can begin to solve your problems MASTER VALVE ON TURN CLOCK ON NOTHING ALL OK WORKS ib ENT SOME GOOD SOME BAD LIST BAD ONES TURN CLOCK OFF SELECT FIRST BAD MEASURE CLOCK VOLTAGE STATION TO COMMON NO VOLTAGE VOLTAGE OK REPAIR CLOCK VOLTAGE OK TURN CLOCK OFF DISCONNECT STATION amp COMMON LESS THAN 180 CHECK RESISTANCE FROM STATION TO RX1 RX1K COMMON LESS THAN STATION TO GROUND 8 COMMON TO GROUND LESS THAN COMMON FIND FAULT CHECK RESISTANCE FROM NEUTRAL2. OPERATION Plug the two antenna leads into the 500HP transmitter See Fig 8 Figure 8 The Inductive Amplifier Turn transmitter to a 7 output setting place the transmit ter in its compartment with the leads facing to the rear of the case See Fig 9 Place activated antenna on the ground parallel to and with in approximately one foot to either side of the utility to be tracked See Fig 9 Radius the area approximately 20 feet away from the Inductive Antenna with the Tracker receiver to determine the path Figure 9 Placement of Antenna Proceed down the cable path following the peak signal NOTE AS PROGRESS IS MADE DOWN THE CABLE PATH GRADUAL INCREASES IN THE GAIN CONTROL OF THE RECEIVER WILL BE NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN RECEPTION Eventually reception will be effectively lost even at the maximum transmitter setting Retrieve the antenna and place it at the point where the signal was last effectively received Resume tracking the line and repeat the reloca tion of the Inductive Antenna as necessary C SEARCHING FOR UNDERGROUND UTILITIES The activated 500CAA Inductive Antenna will radiate the tracking signal through surface and the target utility will receive the signal and effectively transmit it down its path One craftsperson will carry the antenna case close to the ground and move in a specified direction Another craftsperson will hold the receiver 500R a dis tance of at least 20 ft away
3. PROGRESSIVE ELECTRONICS INC May 1998 325 S El Dorado Mesa Arizona 85202 1 800 528 8224 Troubleshooting and Maintaining Electrically Controlled Zone Irrigation Systems Issue 20 CONTENTS 1 Troubleshooting at the Controller Page 2 Using Volt Ohmmeter 2 Troubleshooting esse Page 3 Using the Model 24 3 Activating Solenoids ennusiensnnna Page 3 Model 24 4 Identifying WireS uuuuuaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa ac ccc Page 3 Models 77A amp 200EP 5 Locating the Path of Buried Wires Page 4 Models 501 amp 5085 Gz Indu ctiye Coupler aaa GAGA RAAL riitit Page 4 7 Using the Inductive Antenna sss Page 5 Model 501 8 Locating Wire Nicks or Breaks Page 6 Model 2003 9 Locating Solenoid Valves Wire Breaks and Large Nicks Model 521 Page 9 10 Model 528 Wire and Valve Locator Page 12 11 General Hinis aaa EEEE CCG Page 14 FIGURE INDEX Figure 1 Flow Chart Full Page a wawa AE Page 2 Figure 2 Sending Tone From Clock Page 3 Figure 3 Sending Tone From Valve Page 3 Figure 4 Identifying Single Conductor Page 4 Figure 5 Locating the Path of Buried Wires Page 4 Figure 6 Determining Depth With 501 Page 4 Figure 7 Determin
4. NOTE TO INSURE PROPER CONNECTION PLACE THE WIRE FAR ENOUGH INTO THE JAW OF THE ALLIGATOR CLIP SO THE PIN WILL PIERCE THE INSULATION Turn the clock on and cycle to the station under test Go out to the valve and with the Station Master in the OFF position hook the leads to the station and common wires and note condition of LED NOTE MAKE SURE THAT ALL OTHER EQUIP MENT IS DISCONNECTED FROM THE CIRCUIT BEFORE PERFORMING ANY TEST i e 521 2003 If the LED glows this indicates the station and common wires are in good condition The clock must be supply ing 24 VOLTS with less than 180 OHMS of loop resis tance to indicate a good condition 3 ACTIVATING SOLENOIDS Model 24 NOTE THE PRESENCE OF AC VOLTAGES IN THE ON POSITION WILL DAMAGE THE MODEL 24 To activate a solenoid at the valve make sure the clock is off and connect the leads to the station and common wires then turn the Station Master ON This will activate the solenoid The Model 24 must be turned OFF then ON to activate a second solenoid The Station Master will hold a solenoid open for over three 3 hours with fresh batteries The only field maintenance required by the Model 24 is the periodic replacement of the two 2 9v alkaline batter ies Eveready 522 are recommended Remove the four 4 screws on the back snap in fresh batteries and reassemble 4 IDENTIFYING WIRES Using 77A amp 200EP How to iden
5. Nulling Receiver Second Time 2003 TRANSMITTER ACTUAL FAULT x FALSE REVERSAL FALSE REVERSAL MAY OCCUR HERE WHERE PATH CROSSES THE RETURN LINE THE ACTUAL FAULT IS FURTHER DOWN THE LINE Figure 17 False Reversals 8 TRANSMITTER PULSER U Your two marks should form an X and the fault lies directly below the X See Fig 17 SPECIAL FAULT LOCATING PROBLEMS False Reversals False Reversals may occur when the path of the faulted conductor serpentines and crosses the ground return line See Fig 18 The ground return line is the path the voltage is seeking on its way back from the ground fault to the ground stake To insure that an actual fault is located always orient the A Frame in quadrants surrounding the suspected fault See Fig 19 If an actual fault is located all four 4 quadrants will result in the meter kicking to the center If not you may have encountered a false reversal and the actual fault is further down the line and in the direction of the quadrant that did not kick to the center Multiple Faults Multiple faults will cause the receiver to reverse at each fault the most solid fault will produce the strongest signal or kick The best policy is to repair the first fault you locate then reconnect the Pulser and locate the next one until you have cleared all the trouble High Resistance Faults A very high resistance may produce a weak kick To help make this fault e
6. TO EARATH GROUND REPLACE SOLENOID Learn to use your ohmmeter and at least one of your problems is over the other half is easy too f you have the proper locating equipment The FLOW CHART is designed to take you completely through a malfunctioning irrigation system and insure your ability to identify and solve your problems step by step See Fig 1 FLOW CHART LEGEND C Circles indicate start or end Diamond shape boxes indicate decision points Square boxes indicate things to do REPLACE FUSE SELECT STATION 1 TURN CLOCK ON Ge BLOWN TURN GLOCK OFF REPLACE FUSE NO VOLTAGE CHECK RESISTANCE FROM HOT 8 NEUTRAL TO EARTAH GROUND Figure 1 Flow Chart 2 2 TROUBLE SHOOTING Using the Model 24 Picture on page 15 The Station Master Model 24 is a portable hand held irriga tion system diagnostic tester and solenoid activator A Battery Test Place the toggle switch in the ON position and connect the leads together If the LED glows the batteries are suit able for use Batteries must supply at least 12 5V for good indication B Current Test At Clock With the clock on and turned to the station under test place the Station Master in the OFF position and con nect one lead to the station wire and the other to the com mon If the LED glows the clock is supplying enough cur rent to operate solenoids C Wire Test At Valve
7. depth of direct buried control wiring Additionally the Model 528 can be used to pinpoint the exact location of buried solenoid valves or identify a spe cific valve in a multiple valve location CAUTION THE MODEL 528 PRODUCES A HIGH VOLTAGE SIGNAL DO NOT HANDLE LEADS WHEN THE TRANSMITTER IS TURNED ON A Battery Test It is recommended that the battery condition of both the transmitter and receiver be checked prior to any locating function To test the transmitter battery connect short the red and black leads to each other and turn on transmit ter by lifting the plunger switch A bright flashing LED indicates acceptable transmitter battery conditions Next turn on the receiver to the half position and move the antenna near the transmitter A loud tone indicates accept able receiver battery condition SOLENOID SA Figure 25 Locating End of Broken Wire G Solenoid valves can easily be located provided all the wires leading to them are intact and the solenoid itself is B Tracking the Path of Buried Wires still good Isolating disconnecting the subject wire from other wires LOCATING SOLENOID VALVES IS A 2 STEP PROCESS normally produces the best results when tracking the path of a wire Step 1 Start at the clock by connecting the red transmitter lead to the station wire leading to the subject valve and the With the transmitter off connect the red lead to the subject black lead to earth ground Turn the transmitter
8. the first hot spot with the receiver Touch the tip of the receiver antenna to the ground in the center of the first hot spot and set the sensi tivity knob to make it read near mid scale Now go to the second spot and without touching the sensitivity knob check strength of the signal at each hot spot and determine which out of all of them is the strongest signal This is the valve for the station wire you are connected to NOTE FEATURED IN THE 521 S RECEIVER IS A PHOTO CELL LOCATED IN THE METER IT WILL TURN OFF AUTOMATICALLY IN DARKNESS INSURING NO BAT TERY DRAIN IF LEFT ON WHEN RETURNED TO THE CASE DAYLIGHT USE ONLY Figure 26 Tracking Path with 528 12 C Locating Broken Wires To locate the end of a broken wire use the same method for tracking the path of a buried wire The signal will become stronger as the antenna approaches the break then quickly decrease to no signal at all as the antenna passes beyond the break To more accurately identify the location of the break hold the antenna perpendicular to the ground and the cable approximately 6 left or right of the wire and move the antenna down the wire path over the suspected area of the break Signal intensity will diminish significantly as the antenna passes the break See Figure 27 RETURN SIGNAL FIELD BREAK IN WIRE Figure 27 Locating Broken Wires D Determining the Depth of Buried Wires To determine the depth of a buried wire first track th
9. 01 RECEIVER ANTENNA 4 NULL d POINTS 450 rd Pd e 4 CABLE OR PIPE Figure 7 Determining Depth amp Path With 508S C Depth of the wire can be determined with both the 501 and 5085S using the 45 degree triangulation method See Fig 6 amp 7 6 INDUCTIVE COUPLER A DESCRIPTION The Inductive Coupler is designed to induce a tracking tone into a subject cable or wire without establishing metal lic contact See page 15 The Inductive Coupler is constructed of plastic and iron measures 4 5 x10x7 5 weighs 1 pound and can accomo date up to a 3 cable B OPERATION Clamp the Inductive Coupler around the insulation of the buried cable to be tracked Connect both transmitter leads to the two terminals on the face of the coupler Turn transmitter on to approximately a 5 output setting and radius the immediate area with the tracker receiver to determine path The power output may be increased for greater distance Proceed down cable path following the peak signal 7 USING THE INDUCTIVE ANTENNA Model 501 A DESCRIPTION The Inductive Antenna See Fig 8 is used to apply a track ing tone into a cable wire or metallic pipe by radiating a signal from the ground surface This method is used when there is no accessible way to make a direct connection The Inductive Antenna or transmitter loop is fitted inside the carrying case of the 501 System and is powered by the Model 500HP transmitter
10. KEN NICKED WIRES INSULATION Figure 30 Examples of Hot Spots F Helpful Hints The Model 528 will increase in value as a technician becomes more familiar with the device Because the loca tor provides audible results a technician will develop an ear for certain conditions as experience with the locator increases Hot spots or areas of signal intensity will vary in intensity depending on the quality of the circuit path and condition of the batteries Hot spots are created by broken wires low resistance faults worn or severely nicked insulation buried solenoid valves bad faulty splices sharp direction changes and buried slack loops See Figure 30 Work slowly Passing the antenna over the cable path every few inches will prevent a technician from missing passing by any number of situations Keep the swing of the antenna down to a short 12 to 24 pendulum This will allow the technician to progress more quickly along a wire path Again experience with the product will speed future operations The ground path will determine the strength of the trans mitter signal The far end of the subject conductor must permit a signal path to ground If the transmitter LED in the on position shows a dim flashing light or no lights at all test the batteries then assure the far end of the wire is grounded It may be necessary to wet the ground or man ufacture a ground contact if no circuit is established with the normal connect
11. ROGRESS NE ESA AZ USA E PROGRESS NE MESA AZ USA 528R RECEIVER PROGRESSIVE ELECTRONICS INC Lie APE ye Model 528 Compact Broken Wire amp Valve Locator Station Master Solenoid Activator and Diagnostic Tester MODEL 24 STATION MASTER SSIVE PR Omens INC Mesa Arizona Z BEOGRESSIYE D TJ ont no INC 715 AN Model 24 Model 701K Tone amp Probe Kit Model 501 Cable Pipe amp Wire Locator Model 521 Broken Wire amp Solenoid Valve Locator 15
12. a LOCATING WIRE NICKS OR BREAKS Using Model 2003 The Pulser Model 2003 is capable of pinpointing all shorts to ground in direct buried wires ranging from clean breaks to small pinhole leaks NOTE THE PULSER MODEL 2003 WILL NOT TRANSMITTER hi Figure 11 Searching for Underground Utilities LOCATE THE PATH OF THE WIRES This has to be pre determined by using Models 501 508S 528 or 521 Refer to Sections 5 amp 6 Once the path is flagged or marked you are ready to use the Pulser DO NOT CON NECT TO LIVE CIRCUITS ABOVE 240VAC OR TOUCH THE RED AND BLACK LEADS OF THE TRANSMITTER NOTE THE MODEL 2003 PRODUCES HIGH VOLT AGES DISCONNECT ALL WIRES FROM THE CON TROLLER WHEN FAULT LOCATING The most effective way to use the Pulser is to first isolate both ends of the suspected faulted wire For example if the subject wire happens to be a station wire take it loose from the clock and at the valve If the suspect wire is the common again isolate Let s say that stations 1 through 6 work fine and 7 and 8 do not Figure 12 Pulser Transmitter Set Up RECEIVER FRONT y FRONT TOP VIEW BLACK ET am o gt Figure 13 Pulser Receiver Set Up Isolate the common at valve 6 and 7 then start or set up at valve 6 and work the path between them then do the same between 7 and 8 The transmitter set up begins with connecting the red lead to the faulted wire and the black lead t
13. and simultaneously move parallel with the first person When the receiver is directly over a utility a strong sig nal will be detected See Fig 11 Keep in mind that even though this is the easiest and most convenient way to locate caution should be used because the radiated signal may be induced into other utilities D APPLICATION TIPS Remember that any conductive line in the immediate area can collect the radiated signal In locations such as trailer parks or other areas with congested facilities minor reductions in the transmitter output level may eliminate unnecessary signal bleed The very nature of the Inductive Antenna may be a prob lem to the operator if he is not prepared to pick up the tone from the antenna itself Begin using the receiver 20 feet or more away from the antenna to avoid receiving signal on a direct basis Figure 9 applies to situations involving shorter runs or work relatively close to the antenna Figure 10 Placement of Antenna For Longer Distances To achieve maximum distance orient the activated antenna parallel to the suspect path only set the Tracker II case up on its back as shown in Figure 10 The Inductive Antenna is permanently installed and is weather sealed No attempt should be made to field repair the unit Provisions have been made to retrofit existing carrying case with the Inductive Antenn
14. asier to locate simply turn the sensitivity all the way clockwise Faults Under Paved Areas We have determined that a fault lies somewhere under a paved area On one side of this area the kicks are outward and on the other side they are in the opposite direction If it is impossible to excavate both sides and pull a new con ductor through existing conduit the following procedure can pinpoint the exact location from on top of the paved area Get a piece of wire at least twice as long as the area to be traversed Strip both ends and attach one end to a ground stake inserted on one side of the paved area Attach the other end to the inside leg of the A frame and insert the out side leg into the ground on the opposite side of the paved area CABLE Fo Figure 18 Probing Path to Find Fault Progress outward in small increments Continue doing this watching the meter and anticipating the reversal When the reversal happens bring the inward leg in small increments until the meter nulls Gather the slack and attach it to the outside leg of the A frame Bring the A frame to the ground steak on the other side of the paved area and insert the lead leg into the ground near the ground stake Hold on to the wire which is doubled now and walk with them back on to the slab The fault lies below the end of the loop 9 LOCATING SOLENOID VALVES WIRE BREAKS AND LARGE NICKS The Model 521 is a universal trouble shooting and main tena
15. ck To Center Now turn the transmitter on and start rotating the selector Plug the headset into the receiver turn it on and point the switch clockwise As you will notice once you leave the antenna or probe end at the transmitter A pulsing tone battery test position and go to 4 1 the meter needle will should be heard through the headset and an indication fall off to near zero As you increase the output the nee should register on the receiver meter dle will rise slightly with each advancement Stop when the meter reads between 4 and 8 The transmitter is now NOTE HIGH PITCHED TONES FROM THE HEADSET set for maximum efficiency for this job If a reading of 4 is MAY OCCUR IF THE HEADSET CORD GETS TOO not obtainable you may not have enough of a ground fault CLOSE TO THE RECEIVER ANTENNA OR THE to locate the wire RECEIVER BATTERY IS LOW B With the probe pointed toward the ground walk complete ly around the transmitter location An absence of tone or null will be detected directly over the path of the wire Movement to either side will cause the volume of tone sig nal intensity to increase Follow the null to determine the wire path See Fig 21 When attempting to find breaks and nicks you should DECREASE THE SENSITIVITY OF THE RECEIVER when pointing it off to either side of the null You will be able to notice the change in signal ee A a e intensity immediately DO NOT ALLOW THE METER EARTH I TO PEG OR GO ABOVE 10 This w
16. e Fig 23 To more accurately define the location of an open or larger nick ground fault position the receiver tip on the ground near the point where the last strong signal was detected along the side of the path The receiver tip should be point ing at the ground and be approximately six inches to either side from the null Because you are so much closer to the path the sensitivity knob must be adjusted down until the meter reads just below 10 While maintaining the six inch distance from the null move the receiver down the line paying close attention to the meter reading Once you pass the open or nick the meter will fall off rapidly To determine the depth of the wire first mark the ground directly over the path Turn the receiver side ways to the path tip it 45 degrees or level the bubble on the face 11 Move the receiver away from the path maintaining the 45 degree tip until a null is detected Mark this spot The depth is the distance between the two marks See Fig 24 TOP VIEW 0 RECEIVER LEVEL BUBBLE WIRE PATH BELOW GROUND RECEIVER RECEIVER LEVEL BUBBLE Figure 2 24 bom gt Depth 10 MODEL 528 WIRE AND VALVE LOCATOR RECEIVER RECEIVER The Model 528 Wire and Valve Locator is designed to aid METER in the troubleshooting and service of electronically con trolled zone irrigation systems The unit s primary fea o 2 4 6 8 ig tures include the ability to locate path find breaks and determine the
17. e path of the conductor using the null method and mark the null location where a depth measurement is required Next hold the antenna at a 45 degree angle to the ground and move at a right angle away from the cable path until a second null point is located Mark the second null point and measure the distance between the marks The distance between marks is the approximate depth of the wire See Figure 28 MEASURING DEPTH L 45 NULL NULL L 4 WIRE Figure 28 Measuring Depth 13 E Locating Buried Solenoid Valves The Model 528 provides a fast and accurate method of locating buried solenoid valves or identifying a specific valve within a bank of valves This process requires adherence to the following 2 step procedure Step 1 Disconnect the common ground and station wires in question from the clock Connect the red lead to the subject sta tion wire and the black lead to earth ground using the included ground stake Turn on a transmitter and check for a flashing LED indicating a good signal path Track the path of the buried wire using the null method listening for and marking distinct hot spots of signal intensity Often times at a hot spot the signal intensity will be strong enough that a complete null may not occur In this situation a stronger signal will be present on both sides of the wire path with a weak signal over riding the null Step 2 Turn the transmitter off and remove t
18. he Wire Finder are most widely used for locating the path and depth of the buried wires in a sprinkler irrigation system Both units transmit the same high radio frequency however the 501 is capable of distances up to 4 000 feet and depths to 7 feet The 5085 is a lower powered version good for dis tances around 1 000 feet and depths to 3 feet A The transmitters of these units have two black leads one of which is connected directly to the wire end or metallic pipe and the other to earth ground with a screwdriver Turn the transmitters on and you are ready to track the wires The 501 receiver works on a peak signal when directly over the path and the 508S nulls absence of signal over the path Walk completely around the transmitters fifteen to twenty feet away with the receiver until the direction of the path is determined then simply follow the signal See Fig 5 B To track the path of a system remove only the station wire and the common wire from the clock Connect one transmitter lead to the station wire and the other to the common Signal will travel all through the system going down the station wires through the coil in the solenoid then back out the common This application enables you to blueprint a system and create your own as built l EN 6 CABLE E Figure 5 Locating the Path of Buried Wires 501 ie NULL 6 CABLE Figure 6 Determining Depth With 5
19. he black lead from the ground stake and connect it to the common ground wire of the subject solenoid valve Return to the previously marked hot spots and investigate each of them Select the area with the strongest signal intensity This area is most likely the specific valve attached to the red lead of the transmitter Confirmation of the valve can be achieved using a 2 axis null method Mark the approximate area of the hot spot Next hold the antenna low and parallel to the ground while passing it back and forth over the hot spot as shown in Figure 29 A dis tinct null will be detected intersecting your movements as right angles Mark this line of null points then repeat the procedure to create a second line of null points at approximately 90 degrees to the first line The intersection of the two lines LOCATING SOLENOIDS j 5 i C BURIED SOLENOID Figure 29 Locating Solenoids X nulls confirms the subject valve has been identified and pinpoints the exact location of the buried valve NOTE THE 2 AXIS NULL X NULLS WILL ONLY OCCUR ON THE SPECIFIC VALVE STATION WIRE ATTACHED TO THE TRANSMITTER THE EXCEPTION TO THIS RULE WOULD BE THE UNLIKELY PRESENCE OF A NEATLY COILED SLACK LOOP ON THE CIRCUIT CREATED IN STEP 2 ANY OTHER HOT SPOT WILL PRODUCE ONLY A SINGLE LINE OF NULL POINTS OR NONE AT ALL EXAMPLES OF HOT SPOTS HIGH SIGNAL INTENSITY DIRECTION CHANGE SOLENOID VALVE SLACK LOOP BAD OR COILS SPLICE BRO
20. ill greatly help in the GROUND fault locating process n ioc NOTE THE WIRE MUST HAVE A PATH TO GROUND TO Figure 20 521 Transmitter Set Up BE SUCCESSFULLY LOCATED THESE PATHS RECEIVER RECEIVER RECEIVER METER NO NULL BROAD yi AURA NULL OVER PATH PEAK SIGNAL HOT SPOT INTENSITY TONE SIGNAL INTENSITY OPEN WIRE Figure 21 Locating Wire Path With 521 Figure 22 Locating End of Broken Wire 10 9 2 4 6 8 ig 024685 RECEIVER a METER Figure 23 Locating Wire Nick EXIST IN A GREAT MAJORITY OF ALL DIRECT BURIED WIRES DUE TO INSULATION IMPERFEC TIONS NICKS AND BAD SPLICES IF NOT CREATE ONE BY GROUNDING THE REMOTE END The end of a cut or broken wire can be located by follow ing the path until the null disappears and gives way to a hot spot Beyond the hot spot no null can be detected Back up until the null is detected and this will be the approximate end of the broken wire See Fig 22 Larger nicks in the wire can be located in almost the same way as locating opens Follow the null and strong signal along the sides of the wire until the signal becomes very weak along the sides of the null This will occur within a relatively short distance The transmitted signal bleeds to ground at the nick then wants to return back to the ground stake along the outside of the wire itself The majority of signal will stop at the nick indicated by the low receiver reading just beyond the nick Se
21. ing Depth amp Path With 5088 Page 4 Figure 8 The Inductive Antenna Page 5 Figure 9 Placement of Antenna essen Page 5 Figure 10 Placement of Antenna for Longer Distances Page 5 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 Figure 27 Figure 28 Figure 29 Figure 30 Searching for Underground Utilities Page 6 Pulser Transmitter Ser UP ae Page 6 Pulser Receiver Set up un Page 7 Ground Return Fields Page 7 Nulling Receiver First Time Page 8 Nulling Receiver Second Time Page 8 False Reversals una Page 8 Probing Path to Find Fault Page 9 Four Quadrant Kick to Center Page 10 521 Transmitter Set UD eere foi werten Page 10 Locating Wire Path With 521 Page 10 Locating End of Broken Wire Page 10 Locating Wire Nick eise emos cor OKO Page 11 Determining Depth anna Page 11 Locating Solenoid Valves Page 12 Tracking Path with 528 een Page 12 Locating Broken Wires Page 13 Measuring Depth a Page 13 Locating Solenoids dod R EPO Page 13 Examples of Hot Spots
22. ion Isolating the conductor disconnecting it from the system is essential when working with any locating or testing equipment This practice will serve two functions First by isolating the subject wire s a technician eliminates Maintenance The only maintenance required on the Model 528 is the periodic replacement of the transmitter and receiver batter ies To replace transmitter batteries remove four Phillips head screws from battery cover replace with eight 8 D cell batteries note polarity then reassemble To replace the receiver batteries remove four slotted screws separate case replace one 1 standard 9 volt batter then reassem ble Should your Model 528 require any additional service or repair please contact Progressive Electronics Inc directly at 800 528 8224 or 602 966 2931 GENERAL HINTS Conditions Soil conditions play an important role in the success of a locator High radio frequencies 501 amp 5085 are not gov erned as much by these conditions as are low audio fre quency locators 528 amp 521 Low frequency locators per form best in damp clay type soil Model 2003 included as opposed to dry sandy and rocky conditions This might clear up the questions of why the units work better one day and differently on others In other words a high resis tance fault small hole or path to earth ground the wire in dry soil may be located much more easily if the conditions were dense a
23. nce tool for electrically controlled sprinkler irrigation systems and is capable of locating the wire path depth wire breaks large nicks and solenoid valves NOTE THE TRANSMITTER PRODUCES HIGH VOLTAGE A TURN TRANSMITTER OFF BEFORE HANDLING THE OUTPUT LEADS DISCONNECT ALL WIRES FROM THE CONTROLLER WHEN FAULT LOCAT ING TURN THE SELECTION SWITCH TO THE BATTERY TEST POSITION THE METER SHOULD READ BETWEEN 8 AND 10 Before we start you must make sure that the transmitter is set up properly IMPORTANT To insure that the 521 transmitter is producing optimum signal connect the red and black leads together and turn the unit on Turn the selector to position 5 The meter needle should rise to at least a 10 reading If not change batteries and try this test again If the meter still reads below a 10 return the unit for repair CAUTION DO NOT CONNECT TRANSMITTER TO ANY ACTIVE A C CIRCUITS OVER 120VAC With the transmitter off connect the red lead to the wire to be locat ed and the black lead to a good earth ground with the stake provided See Fig 20 If the clock is indoors the earth ground stake MUST be grounded at the point where the wires exit the building It might require running a length of wire to the outside Do not use a common ground inside i e electrical or water pipe BURIED CONDUCTOR BURIED CONDUCTOR IF NOT YOU HAVE ENCOUNTERED A FALSE REVERSAL SEE FIGURE 14 Figure 19 Four Quadrant Ki
24. nd damp Your Own Test Site To insure that the equipment is working properly and to further acclimate yourself to their capabilities create your own mini test site Bare both ends of a 30 length of 12 or 14 gauge wire Stick the far end into the earth stretch it out and connect the various locators to the near end Follow the instruc tions and this way you can actually see what is happening when it happens If you still are having problems please contact the factory Using a Multimeter Use a volt ohmmeter Rx1 Scale at the clock Power off and common wire disconnected probe across the common wire and to each station wire ANTICIPATED RESULTS FROM READINGS 0 5 ohms Fully shorted Solenoid 8 10 ohms Shorted Solenoid or Multiple Valves 10 180 ohms Normal All OK 180 ohms to oo Bad connections Splices Nicked Wire Open Solenoid or Broken Wire variables from the troubleshooting application and assures that only one wire path or station is being located Second by isolating the subject conductor the risk of damage to the equipment or injury to technician is reduced Automatic Shut off will occur on both the transmitter and receiver units after approximately 1 1 2 hours of use If you are using the Model 528 for extended periods of time and the units time out simply turn both the transmitter and receiver completely off then on again 14 Model 2003 Short to Earth Ground Locator E P
25. o earth ground with the stake provided See Fig 12 When the transmitter is turned on it discharges a voltage burst approximately every three seconds This voltage travels out the suspect wire bleeds to earth ground at the fault and returns in a straight line to the ground stake or reference point See Fig 14 NOTE IF THE CLOCK IS INDOORS THE BLACK LEAD MUST BE CONNECTED TO ITS OWN GROUND STAKE AND AT THE LOCATION WHERE THE WIRES EXIT THE BUILDING DO NOT USE AN ELECTRICAL GROUND OR A WATER PIPE INSIDE Attach the Pulser receiver to the A Frame and connect the cord set Insure that the words Front on the receiver and the A Frame are on the same side See Fig 13 STRONG KiCKS FAULT p aaa Now begin to probe the earth parallel to the predeter mined path of the wire working away from the transmit ter Every time the transmitter pulses a kick will be observed on the receiver indicating the direction of the fault The kick will decrease in strength as you move down the path and sometimes it will completely disap pear Signal will reappear and increase in strength as you approach the fault See Fig 14 You can speed up the fault locating process by covering more distance between the points where you insert the A Frame into the ground These distances are dictated by the strength or weakness of the kicks For example you are probing the path and at approximately 30 feet away from the transmitter you start to lo
26. on adjust wire and connect the black lead to earth ground using the supplied grounding stake Turn on the transmitter and note the condition of the LED A flashing LED indicates an acceptable signal path has been established Next turn on receiver and sweep a circle around the transmitter stay at least 5 feet away from unit listening for the peak signal the output to the highest level assemble the receiver locate the path and start tracing the wire following the null The null will be present until you pass over a solenoid valve then the signal will become extremely strong Mark this spot Check around this hot spot for a null leaving the intensity With the antenna hanging perpendicular to the area If the null continues follow it and mark any addi ground the audible signal will increase as you near the tional hot spots See Fig 25 wire then null no signal directly over the subject wire then a loud signal will be heard on the other side of the wire Swing the antenna over the suspected cable path fol If only one hot spot or valve is located this will be the lowing the nulls and mark the wire path See Figure 26 valve in question Step 2 If more then one hot spot is found mark them TRACKING PATH and return to the transmitter and turn it off Lift the black lead form the ground stake and connect it to the common wire Turn the transmitter on and set selector switch to highest reading and return it to
27. se the intensity of the kicks even after you have turned the receiver knob all the way up This means that you can pick up and move down the path in 30 foot increments If the distance is 100 feet move down and probe the path every 100 feet This process of the ground return fields produced by an earth gradient fault locator is shown in Figure 14 Continue probing the path until a reversal or black kick occurs When this happens we know the fault lies somewhere between the last ground reference point and where you are now See Fig 15 To narrow this distance down you slowly move the A Frame back toward the last ground reference point or in the direction of the black kick Continue this until another reversal or red kick occurs Now we know the fault is somewhere between the two ground probes of the A Frame When the A Frame evenly straddles the fault the meter will null Mark this spot See Fig 16 Repeat this procedure only now at right angles to the path and mark where the second null occurs STRONG KICKS 2003 TRANSMITTER GROUND ge O STAKE RETURN FIELDS ARE LESS CONCENTRATED AT MIDPOINT AND ARE EQUALLY AS STRONG AT THE FAULT AND GROUND STAKE Figure 14 Ground Return Fields TRANSMITTER PULSER i pH ANH m Figure 15 Nulling Receiver First Time PULSER BLACK A TOP VIEW TOP VIEW UNDERGROUND AREAS INDICATED BY DOTTED LINES za Figure 16
28. tify a single conductor from the bundle of the same colored wires o 1 2 7 t5 SOLENOID 8 eut 4 3 VALVE A To do this first you have to send a tone down the sub ject wire using the 77HP Tracer You can start at the clock or send the tone back towards the clock See Figs 2 amp 3 The red lead of the 77HP 1s clipped to the wire being identified and the black lead to an earth ground using a screwdriver Move the switch to the tone position and return to the location where identification will be made SCREW DRIVER i Figure 3 Sending Tone From Valve B Now you have to find the one wire that is carrying the tone Pick up the 200EP Line Aid and depress the large black button on the side and touch the tip of the 200EP to the insulation of the wires in the ditch A light tone may be heard from all the wires but the tone will be tremendously louder on the subject wire If there is a loud tone on several wires keep turning the volume down on the 200EP and re touch the wires If a single wire cannot be determined earth ground all other wires at the clock The wire under test will be the only one with tone See Fig 4 EXCAVATION Um pozio EU EDEN HENDRER Figure 4 Identifying Single Conductor 5 LOCATING THE PATH OF BURIED WIRES Using 501 and 508S THESE UNITS ARE NOT DESIGNED TO LOCATE SOLENOIDS OR GROUND FAULTS Models 501 The Tracker and 508S T
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