AcaStat User Manual
Contents
1. Variable Control Panel Use the Variable Control Panel to select the variables you wish to use in the analysis As an Statistical Procedures example to produce frequencies tables for the PY Run Procedure _Y Reset variables sex and race select the sex variable in the variable listoox and click the arrow button to EA Saa a index of Dispersion i ist Variables a place the variable in the Analysis Variable ocre C Goodness of Fit listbox Use the same procedure to select and Explore Descriptives i KK Tables Percent place the race variable in the listbox Clicking the Tables Mean Run Procedure toolbar button will produce frequencies for both variables Output from the Variable Selection Panel analyses will be displayed automatically and Ro e Analysis Variable recorded in the Output Log D p 9 WRKSTAT d MARITAL i CHILDS AGE Dependent Variable gen DEGREE For any procedure you must select an analysis or seated ie dependent variable The topmost variable listbox el 4 is used for all univariate analyses Frequencies H and Descriptives Reset Independent Variable With the exception of the Frequencies Descriptives and List Variables procedures an 7 Statistical Procedures independent variable must also be selected aj SumStats second listbox from top In the case of t tests ES subgroup values must also be indicated for the a File information independent va2. Most statistics courses use summary statistics to teach the fundamentals SumStats is very useful for checking the results of hand calculations SumStats Tips Module specific instructions are presented as you click on a new module Instructions are replaced with summarized results from a calculation Use the ENTER key to move between boxes Pressing the ENTER key in the last box requiring data automatically calculates results Analyses are automatically appended to the Output Log Use copy and print buttons to print or paste the analysis results for the current procedure Entering a label is not required but is useful for interpreting output AcaStat Output One Sample Difference of Means fed Run Procedure E Reset Population Mean 25 0000 Sample Mean 27 0000 T test One Sample Std Deviation 12 0000 Power a Sample Size n 30 Standardized Score Test statistic 0 9130 T test One Sample i te SS p lt 0 3690 2 tailed T test Two Sample Z test One Sample eS lt Page Break gt One Sample Test of Means Population Mean 25 Sample Mean 27 Standard Deviation 1 Cases n 30 CET One Sample T Test Based on a benchmark of 05 alpha the estimated p value of 0 369 suggests there is not a statistically significant difference between the sample and population Click to Copy E Daa Gho CA Output 2Charts Glossary L Handbook LA AcaSt
3. The test variable can be nominal ordinal or interval ratio The lowest value for the reference standard must always represent non disease or the output will be incorrect The cutpoint T gt represents the point beyond which the test is positive disease indicated As an example if possible test results range from 1 to 4 a cutpoint of 1 means a positive test is indicated by a value of 2 3 or 4 You should carefully evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for one cutpoint to ensure you have configured the data properly before interpreting the results Definitions of abbreviations used in the output Sn Sensitivity The proportion of diseased cases with a positive test Sp Specificity The proportion of non diseased cases with a negative test PPV Positive Predictive Value The proportion of cases with a positive test that have the disease NPV Negative Predictive Value The proportion of cases with a negative test that do not have the disease LR Positive Likelihood Ratio A positive ratio greater than 1 indicates the diagnostic test increases the odds of identifying disease Sn 1 Sp LR Negative Likelihood Ratio AcaStat User Manual 27 A negative ratio less than 1 indicates the diagnostic test increases the odds of correctly identifying disease absence 1 Sn Sp K Kappa The level of agreement beyond chance for a 2x2 table at the cutpoint T tests of means Used to test for the difference between two sample me
4. 180 14285 14 3570 56 2040 98 1428 140 1098 182 12499 16 3447 58 1999 100 1407 142 1086 184 11110 18 3332 60 1960 102 1388 144 1074 186 9999 20 3225 62 1922 104 1369 146 1063 188 9090 22 3124 64 1886 106 1350 148 1052 190 8332 24 3029 66 1851 108 1332 150 1041 192 7691 26 2940 68 1817 110 1315 152 1030 194 7142 28 2856 70 1785 112 1298 154 1019 196 6666 30 2777 72 1753 114 1281 156 1009 198 6249 32 2702 74 1723 116 1265 158 999 200 5881 34 2631 76 1694 118 1249 160 989 202 5555 36 2563 78 1666 120 1234 162 979 204 5262 38 2499 80 1638 122 1219 164 970 206 4999 40 2438 82 1612 124 1204 166 961 208 4761 42 2380 84 1586 126 1189 168 951 210 4544 44 2325 86 1562 128 1175 170 942 212 4347 46 2272 88 1537 130 1162 172 934 214 4166 48 2221 90 1514 132 1148 174 925 216 3999 50 2173 92 1492 134 1135 176 916 218 AcaStat User Manual 11 Split Data Module Use split data to create a new data file that only contains variables you select from the current file This feature allows you to reduce the size of large data files to increase analysis speed and improve data editing capacity The new file retains variable formatting DD Split Data Use split data to create a new data file that only contains variables you select from the current file Double click None to reset To use the split data module click the Data pull down menu in the Data Grid tab and select the Split Data File option A list of all the variables in the current data
5. Binomial variable AGE Bivariate analysis EDUC 2 Bivariate normal distributions DEGREE Bivariate table PADEG Bonferroni post hoc test MADEG Control Causation SEX Central limit theorem RACE Central tendency RE Central tendency measures Reset Chi square test of independence Codebook Coefficient of Variation CV Coefficient of determination Coefficient of multiple determinatic Confidence interval Confidence level Confidence limits 2739 characters available E Gss93 des A Output y Charts W Glossary Handbook i AcaStat User Manual 40 Glossary File System When you create a new file Glossary establishes a file named Temp with the extension sn1 e g Temp sni Always save the Temp file under a different name before closing Glossary or creating another new file Searching Records Glossary provides a search option for doing a keyword search of the active record set Records with any match of the keyword case insensitive will be listed Click on an item in the list to display the record The items listed in the search can be edited or deleted Improve the search potential by inserting common keywords at the end of a note This will ensure that a search will find similar subjects Limitations Glossary limits the number of characters per field When the limit is reached the field will stop allowing keyed entries It is important to remember that spaces count as one character and parag
6. This file can be easily imported into other software Exported files will have all paragraph returns removed from the descriptive text As a result if the descriptive text in Glossary was separated into several paragraphs the resulting exported text file will combine these into one paragraph Print Prints only the contents of the current record Edit Menu Items Add Note Creates a new record Enter a subject label that will appear in the listing Enter text in the space provided below the subject field Save Note Saves the contents of the current record By default Glossary will sort the items in the list box and return to the first record AcaStat User Manual 42 Delete Note Deletes the current note from the database Copy Copies the currently selected text shortcut ctrl key c Paste Pastes previously copied text into the field where your cursor is currently residing shortcut ctrl key v Search Search records for a keyword or phrase Records with a match will be displayed in the list box Clicking on an item in the list box will display the record The items listed in the search can be edited or deleted Reset Search Click the Reset button to reveal the original list of records AcaStat User Manual 43 Practice Data Files Data Grid data files are delimited text files but differ from import export files in that they are configured to store variable labels value labels and missing values
7. a more detailed description of the variable The variable label is only used for creating output Using the above example DEGREE could be labeled Respondent s highest degree Change Decimals Specify the number of decimals displayed and stored for the selected variable This option will permanently change the data file when the file is saved Value Labels Use value labels to create a more detailed description of the values used in a variable The value label is only used for creating output If for instance education was coded 0 through 4 to represent five general categories the values would be more meaningful if coded as the following 0 lt High School 1 High school 2 Junior college 3 Bachelor 4 Graduate Without labels the output would show the values 0 through 4 Missing Values Identify up to four values or strings words to be excluded from the statistical analysis blank cells are always considered missing Values that are less than lt or greater than gt a set value can also be set as missing Only numerical entries are useful for these two missing value conditions Recoding Values Data Grid can use the values of one variable to create a new variable This is most useful when there are several categories in a variable that can be combined into more meaningful subgroups An example would be taking years of education and recoding the years into less than high school high school some college and coll
8. file will be provided Select a variable from the current file list you wish to include in the new file and click the right arrow button Continue adding variables until you are satisfied with the content of the new data file To remove a variable from the new file list select the variable and click the left arrow button Double click None to reset the new file list AcaStat User Manual 12 Importing Data You can import data from text data files or by pasting data copied from a word processor spreadsheet or database table Pasting Table Data Import Data m AcaStat imports delimited text files and copied text We recommend viewing text data files in a spreadsheet and saving under a different name before importing To import spreadsheet data Excel QPro Access tables etc open the spreadsheet or database software copy the data and use the paste import option in AcaStat Import Options Paste from data you copied in another program Import tab separated file txt import comma separated value file csv Other delimited file To paste data from a table use your mouse to select and copy data in a word processor spreadsheet or database table In Data Grid select File Import Paste Data A Data Import module will display a portion of the data you copied and will provide options for indicating how the variables are delimited Click OK to import the data This
9. is designed to be a quick reference resource not a complete statistical text The Applied Statistics Handbook can be opened through the Documentation pull down menu in AcaStat Purchase of the Licensed Edition of AcaStat is required The Applied Statistics Handbook is a much expanded version of the html Research Methods Handbook included with the AcaStat program File Name Statbook pdf T Availability Licensed Edition only of AcaStat AcaStat User Manual 45 Review of Features AcaStat includes two data analysis modules Data Grid SumStats and Charts and three support modules containing analysis output Output Log and instructional material Glossary and Handbook Designed to provide students teachers researchers and managers with an inexpensive and easy to use tool for basic data exploration Special pricing and site license waivers are available for instructors adopting AcaStat for course work Printable manuals include a Student Workbook with over 20 lessons an Applied Statistics Handbook and an AcaStat User Manual Data Grid Analyze raw data with this spreadsheet design Produces basic descriptive and inferential statistics and creates crosstabulations and summary reports Includes the features listed below Export data directly to Excel Run random sampling simulations Feature Details Spreadsheet create data files maximum edit capacity 200 000 data cells Import Data import delimited text files paste tables from other
10. on the Excel icon in the toolbar Copying and Pasting Output The Output tab uses a Courier New font When copying and pasting the results into another document which we recommend for editing and including with a report make sure the font of the output is set to Courier New or the tables may not align properly Some word processing software will format the pasted text to match that software s default font setting This will cause the pasted text to become misaligned It is important to remember that the output log contains all the analyses created so scroll to find the most recent analysis If the Summary Report procedure is used the Output Tab will display a spreadsheet table Edit cell contents format the width of columns format the header and footer for printing copy and paste into other software or export to Microsoft Word or Excel Right click mouse support is provided The summary report procedure is the only procedure that does not append the results to the output log unless it is converted to tab delimited output Edit menu This conversion is appended to the output log and is best used for copying and pasting output into a spreadsheet Converting Output to Tab Delimited This option located under the Edit menu will convert all output tables into a tab delimited format The conversion improves copying and pasting output into spreadsheets such as Excel or Quattro Pro AcaStat User Manual 34 Charts Use the Charts tab
11. running the procedure delete the placeholder variable from the report When a summary report is created the Analysis Output tab will display the results in a spreadsheet Edit the data in the spreadsheet format column widths delete rows and columns and edit headers and footers for printed output The summary report can also be exported to Word or Excel or copied and pasted into other software The spreadsheet allows right click mouse support Note The summary report procedure is the only procedure that does not append the results to the Output Log unless it is converted to tab output Edit menu This conversion where tabs are inserted in place of the spreadsheet columns is appended to the output log AcaStat User Manual 29 Summary Report for Categorical Data R3 Total Count 1500 41 ass R4 95 CI 2 5 3 9 3 3 Y Percent ES El Counts S Labor force status vo TE Decimas R7 Full time Percent 49 8 63 7 39 5 R8 Count 747 408 339 bad R3 Part time Percent 10 7 7 2 13 4 R10 Count 161 46 115 R11 Temp not working Percent 2 14 1 24 2 8 R12 Count 32 8 24 None 2 dee R13 Unemp laid off Percent 3 4 5 8 1 6 D E STAT R14 Count 51 37 14 TESTAT E Lal Wee Ris Retired Percent 15 4 16 7 14 4 ae a R16 Count 231 107 124 AGE oe R17 Student P
12. should be accomplished by saving to a text data file rather than a direct export to Excel AcaStat User Manual 15 Saving as a Text File Click File Export Data to save the data in the Data Grid datasheet as either a comma or tab separated delimited file Exported files can be easily read by other software packages Exporting data will loose any formatting you have created for variable labels value labels and missing values If you open the exported file in a common spreadsheet the first row will list the variable names and the remaining rows will contain the data one row for each record Each column represents the data for one variable SYLK Errors Sometimes using a spreadsheet to open a text file exported from Data Grid or from another software package results in a SYLK error If this occurs try the following a open the file in a word processor or AcaStat s Output Log b select and copy the contents and c paste the contents into the spreadsheet If you have Microsoft Excel software installed and the file is not large use File Export Data To Excel Spreadsheet Changing Variable Names You may rename the variable names by clicking on any cell in the column you wish to rename and selecting the Format button on the toolbar you may also use the Variable Format pull down menu or click the right mouse button to display a menu This will open the format screen that will allow variable name changes Keep variable names sh
13. software Data formatting create variable and value labels set missing values Variable Recode compute combine and recode variables Paste Data copy and paste data from spreadsheets documents and database tables Export Data export comma and tab delimited value text files Output Log edit output save as text file print copy paste Statistics Univariate summary statistics Crosstabulations List observations Diagnostic accuracy Summary reports Two sample t test of means One way ANOVA Chi square Pearson correlation Simple regression Multiple regression Appraisal ratios frequencies count percent total mean median variance standard deviation count row col total sensitivity specificity predictive values and likelihood ratios percentages counts means sum standard error 95 Cl summary statistics and Bonferroni post hoc analysis Cramer s V Pearson C Lambda Kappa Fisher s odds ratio correlation matrix OLS and Logistic ratios price related differential coefficient of dispersion coefficient of variation Graphing Features histogram scattergram column and pie charts enlarge print copy Simulation repeated random sampling to introduce the concept of sampling distributions AcaStat User Manual 46 SumStats Analyze summary statistics means proportions counts to develop confidence intervals and conduct basic significance tests Includes the features listed below SumStats pr
14. the sample proportion If left blank SumStats will assume it is 0 Two Sample Proportions To use the Z test module for two sample proportions enter the data in the boxes as indicated and click the calculate button It is important to remember that when comparing percentages first convert them to proportions eg 75 75 Chi square Module To use the Chi square module enter frequencies counts in the boxes and click the calculate button The columns represent one variable with up to five subgroups e g Protestant Catholic and Muslim are subcategories for the variable Religion The rows represent a second variable with up to five subgroups Start with the left column At least two columns the two left columns and two rows the top two rows must have data for SumStats to compute statistics AcaStat User Manual 37 Margin of Error for Means Module Enter the sample size n mean and standard deviation std dev and click the calculate button to estimate the margin of error SumStats will produce 90 95 and 99 confidence intervals in order from top to bottom Margin of Error for Proportions Module Enter the sample size n and the proportion and click the calculate button to estimate the margin of error SumStats will produce 90 95 and 99 confidence intervals in order from top to bottom Standardized Score Module To use the standardized score module enter one score from a distribution of scores in the
15. to produce histograms scattergrams column and pie charts Charts are produced for single comparisons one dependent variable and when relevant one independent variable If a chart is visible click the chart This will open the chart in a separate form to enlarge copy and print Resize the chart form to enlarge or shrink an image this may impact the axis label formatting If pasting the graph into other software copy the chart and then use the Edit Paste Special pull down menu in the software you wish to paste the graph Select the bitmap option EXACT WRKSTAT Column Chart percent Pie Chart Histogram Histogram with Midpoint Line Line Chart Analysis Variable WRKSTAT wn s MARITAL CHILDS AGE EDUC DEGREE PADEG MADEG Control SEX RACE x Reset E 3 400 g ra w S a Fulbtimo Part time Temp no working Unemp laid oF Keeping house GSS93 des A Output 2 Charts 3 Glossary AcaStat User Manual 35 SumStats SumStats is designed for analyzing summary statistics Summary statistics are developed from raw data by programs such as AcaStat SAS and SPSS Without access to the raw data it is difficult to conduct statistical comparisons of means counts and percentages SumStats solves this problem by allowing the use of summary data to calculate basic significance tests and other common descriptive calculations
16. 2 0 1 R4 44000 18 1 4 AcaStat User Manual 14 Tips on using a spreadsheet application to create a csv or txt file The first row in the spreadsheet should contain a column label to represent the data in that column keep the labels 8 characters or less These labels represent the variable names and help identify columns when imported into the Data Grid see example of spreadsheet format below INCOME 23 M 46000 45 F 55000 Example of Import Error When creating a comma separated value file make sure all commas have been removed from the cell contents before creating the file If they are not removed Data Grid s import procedure will assume the comma is an extra variable This will cause the cell contents in Data Grid to be out of alignment with the column You can see below that data in rows two and three do not line up with the appropriate columns INCOME 65 M 33000 23 M 46000 45 F Exporting Data You can export data to text data files or to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet Excel must be installed on your computer Sending Data to Excel If you have Microsoft Excel software installed select File Export Data To Excel Spreadsheet Excel will automatically open and Data Grid will populate the spreadsheet with the contents of the Data Grid Don t forget to save the Excel file when done This operation requires Excel97 or later versions Large data file exports
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18. There are several instructional data files provided with AcaStat For any AcaStat formatted data file a complete listing of variables is available by clicking the Data pull down menu and selecting Create Data Dictionary Background information on the data if previously entered and saved can also be seen in the Project Notes tab Repair Practice Data Files If a practice file becomes damaged or altered replace the damaged file with an original version by clicking the Options pull down menu and selecting Repair Sample Data Files If a practice data file has been deliberately altered rename the file so this operation does not accidently replace the altered version Practice csv Delimited Data Files Fictitious data are provided in one comma separated value csv file for practicing data importing File Name Income amp Sex cvs Location AcaStat program folder Data subfolder Fictitious Data n 30 VARIABLE NAME DEFINITION RECORD Record number INCOME Annual income in US EDUC Years of education SEX O Male 1 Female To see what a comma or tab delimited text file looks like open one of the csv or txt data files in the Output tab AcaStat User Manual 44 Manuals pdf AcaStat has three manuals User Manual Student Workbook and the Applied Statistics Handbook They are electronic files in Adobe Acrobat Reader pdf T format To read these files Adobe Acrobat Reader version 6 0 or later mus
19. Version 6 1 Copyright 2009 AcaStat Software All rights Reserved http www acastat com AcaStat User Manual Table of Contents INTRODUCTION onto ti altere 5 PURPOSE E E ett cvaghaies cia brat Nie E niweoninatbeeelS ce tkbeesiin hg benet ieenapiateaias 5 Ep Hl TEE 5 ACADEMIC APPLICATION vous a tas 5 INSTALLATION tata anda Seay SC heated Demeter ake 5 WNINS TALEING ACAS TATu il los 6 ACASTAT STARTUP SCREEN ci 6 PPD ATES Eege ee EE Ee 7 MC ALSO TOR td adidas nate Atha Mr een ca reedita 7 OPTIONS PANEL rallies 8 DATA GRID e o aL ee e ld 9 Ste E 9 el nl 9 Cala isla oca 10 Entering data ca a 10 Editing data EE 10 Right Click Support a acc 10 Spreadsheet and Data File Limits ENNEN 10 Split Data Module sia as 12 Importing Data EE 13 Pasting Table Dat SE AER EAE EREE 13 Copying data from Microsoft Deeg iii nennen 14 lmporting Text Data les ads EEN ees E 14 Tips on using a spreadsheet application to create a csv or file 15 Example of Import Brrr aussi dc fte 15 Exporting Date isidro 15 sending Data to EE 15 Saving as a EE 16 GT OS anette Sha O 16 Changing Variable N tegesge ut erteckegdeg EA liarla dale 16 ei e ee A oa 16 Findiand Replace to 16 Adding Deleting Rows and Column AEN 17 Add Delete ROWS tt EE 17 Add Delete COMAS EE 17 Usig a Weight TC 17 Formatting RENE LEE 18 Variable Dn 19 Variable Label as 19 CHANGE A alana SEN eege 19 A del ect 19 Elle 19 FRECOCING Valles E A ta 19 Date Values as Cont
20. a text box for keeping brief project notes and comments Use the Notes textbox to keep project and progress notes The notes are saved with the data file To limit the impact on the size of the data file the notes field is limited to 3000 characters about one 8 5 x 11 page of text Additions or changes to the notes will be lost if the data file is not saved before exiting Since saving Project Notes also saves the contents of the current data file make sure the current configuration of the spreadsheet is acceptable When in doubt simply create a different file name when saving Click the print button to print the project notes Data File Information The Data File Information control panel contains information about the spreadsheet and current data file If using a saved AcaStat data file information is provided on when the data file was last modified and file size Information is also provided on the number of variables and observations as well as the remaining capacity of the spreadsheet Data File Modified 7 6 2002 4 47 20 PM Data File Size 125 928 bytes Number of Observations 1 500 Number of Variables 33 Data Cells Used 49 500 Data Cells Remaining 150 500 Data Cell Usage 24 75 1 0 100 File Notes General Social Survey 1993 This is a subset of the GSS file The income variable is an estimated value from the ordinal categories provided in the original GSS data file Statistical Proce
21. ample Enter the number of observations sample size and the number of random samples iterations desired Please note that the sample size must be less than the total number of records in the current data Click RUN ITERATIONS to replace the current data with a sampling distribution Appraisal Ratios Use the Module pull down menu to set which statistical procedures are available The Statistics Module is the default and provides all the statistical analyses available in AcaStat except Appraisal Ratios The Appraisal Module provides an additional procedure that is used to determine tax assessment values of real estate Selection of the Appraisal Module also changes the contents of the Glossary and the output of certain procedures When the Appraisal Module is selected the Appraisal Ratios statistical procedure will be visible in the procedure list Use of this procedure requires data on the market selling price and the assessment value of homes to compute ratios and other statistics A practice data file Tax Assessments is included with AcaStat AcaStat User Manual 31 Some statistical procedures are hidden when the Appraisal Module is active To access these procedures re activate the Statistics Module through the Module pull down menu Project Notes The Project Notes and Data File Information panel provides information to help monitor the size of the data file and the contents of the data grid spreadsheet There is also
22. ans For t tests the dependent variable must be an interval ratio level variable to produce the means for analysis The independent variable must be a nominal or ordinal level variable often it will be a dichotomous variable such as sex 1 male 2 female Values representing the comparison groups for the independent variable must be entered These values are used to separate the dependent variable into two groups Be careful to use the correct values or there may be an error reported that indicates there are not enough cases to compute the t test If there are more than two values in the independent variable you may select the two subgroups you are interested in testing The other subgroups will be excluded from the analysis Analysis of Variance ANOVA Used to test for the difference between two or more sample means Like t tests the dependent variable must be an interval ratio level variable to produce the means for analysis The independent variable must be a nominal level variable e g race 1 white 2 black 3 Asian 4 Hispanic or ordinal political ideology 1 conservative 2 moderate 3 liberal ANOVA optional output includes summary statistics for each subgroup and the Bonferroni post hoc test for multiple comparisons Charts are not provided for the ANOVA procedure Summary Report Summary report creates a table of summary statistics that can be printed or exported This isa very useful option for displaying survey data and market r
23. are to your hard drive and double click on the file to begin the installation process Some installations require a 1 5 megabyte download of installation software This will be done automatically during the installation and will require an internet connection Software purchased on a CD does not require an internet connection AcaStat User Manual 5 Uninstalling AcaStat Use the Windows Control Panel option ADD REMOVE programs to uninstall this software Files that you have created or changed cannot be removed by the ADD REMOVE option These files can be easily removed by manually deleting them from the hard drive by using Explorer or My Computer to highlight and delete the AcaStat program folder in the C Program Files subdirectory AcaStat Startup Screen AcaStat starts by displaying the Quick Tips tab There are also tabs for Data Grid Output Charts Glossary and Handbook In addition a control panel contains Statistical Procedures options SumStats File Information and Help Index Use the Statistical Procedures panel to select and run summary statistics basic descriptive and inferential statistics and crosstabulations The Output tab will automatically display the results for the current analysis or a log of all analyses since you opened AcaStat The output from all procedures except Summary Reports will be automatically appended to the Output Log The Option pull down menu allows you to hide all tabs except Output These tab
24. at User Manual 36 t test Module One Sample Mean To use the t test module for one sample mean enter the data in the boxes as indicated and click the calculate button The population mean is the hypothetical mean that is used to compare to the sample mean If left blank SumStats will assume it is 0 This module may also be used for paired t tests For a paired t test collect the difference for each case between Vari and Var and calculate the mean and standard deviation for this difference Enter this information into the relevant One Sample Mean boxes and enter 0 for the population mean This will test the null hypothesis that the paired difference between the means of Var1 and Var2 is not significantly different from zero Two Sample Means To use the t test module for two sample means enter the data in the boxes as indicated and click the calculate button P values will be provided for samples with equal and unequal variance ANOVA Module Enter the data in the boxes as indicated and click the Run Procedures button Each column represents one sample distribution You must start with the left column At least two columns the two left columns must have data for SumStats to compute statistics Z test Module One Sample Proportion To use the Z test module for one sample proportion enter the data in the boxes as indicated and click the calculate button The population proportion is the hypothetical proportion that is used to compare to
25. ateaek ENEE 37 Two Sample Proportions ias E 37 EIERE 37 Margin of Error for Mea ns Module acc cvccussseecdcecses eege Ae dario 38 Margin of Error for Proportions Module mociones 38 Standardized Score Module 0 io 38 Diagnostic Accuracy Module EE 38 AcaStat User Manual 3 Power Modules ay csv feces ENEE ele ee 39 OSS AY oa iat oa cc a 40 How Glossary Works EE 40 SE EE 41 Searching Records did 41 Bir MII el EE AA a A 41 File MEnu ITEMS ita ii iia 41 NeW Flia 41 A OO 41 SM ASS eeh O O 41 Add Records from Other Flo calidad 42 MP ta oie 42 EXPO dan E 42 Si UE 42 O EA 42 lee Te 42 A wieadane A 42 Delta NOG oia AAA AA AA degen env tveaatan 43 CODY sita geigend 43 SEET 43 E EE 43 FIGSEL SOAICKL E 43 PRACTICE DATA FILES cncccciscoecccssvacvercachacereesaouscereasuct aces ranteckanennencepsvmengeransctcccunvanscueetesdacsucees 44 Repair Practice Data Fleitas 44 Practice csv Delimited Data Files cc td 44 MANUALS PDE sora 45 Us Manta NN AA GE e 45 Student ee ee 45 Applied Statistics Handbook EE 45 REVIEW OF FEATURES unas EE 46 o EE 46 A 47 UOT A A 47 ET ii A 47 Handbook EEN 47 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ere eege eeh 48 PURCHASE INFORMATION scccicescessscetesnsctecedeeance cceeessicedencesenceesnccssvestanenaeecaesan cc cansauccesearaseceees 49 AcaStat User Manual 4 Introduction Purpose AcaStat provides students teachers researchers and managers with an inexpensive and easy to use data anal
26. complete until you close and reopen AcaStat General Options Show Output Log after each run Put notes caption on printed output Put date on printed output General Options Use sound effects b de EI Show Quick Tips at startup File Locations Toolbar Style Tab Appearance Office 2003 O Tabs on Bottom Office XP O Tabs on Top O Tabs on Left General Options lama O Tabs on Right Appearance Large Toolbar Icons File Locations Location of AcaStat Data Files Browse C Users AcaStat Documents AcaStat Data General Options Location and Name of Glossary Browse Appearance C Users AcaStat Documents Work Visual Basic AcaStat 6 0 d o Uncompiled Beta StatNotes sn1 File Locations AcaStat User Manual 8 Data Grid The Data Grid creates imports and exports delimited data files The data spreadsheet displays data from a previously created data file or data you are currently entering into Data Grid Opening or importing a new file will replace the current contents a AcaStat GSS93 dcs WRKSTAT MARITAL CHILDS EDUC DEGREE PADEG mara EE 1 3 1 43 1 1 7 2 0002 1 5 0 44 16 3 0 3 0003 1 3 0 43 16 3 1 4 0004 2 5 0 45 15 1 1 roquen Index of Dispersion List Variables S 5 0005 5 5 0 78 17 4 1 Descriptives C G
27. dit capacity is also limited to 300 variables columns Note Although we strongly recommend you keep files under the edit capacity you may import larger files but only the first 100 records will be displayed in the spreadsheet If you import a file with more than 300 variables the data grid will only display the first 300 variables although all variables and observations will be available for analysis You will not be able to edit larger files in the Data Grid but can conduct recode operations and compute new variables The file capacity will be limited by the amount of memory available on your computer AcaStat has been tested on data files containing 50 000 observations and 200 variables If you have large files it is recommended that you reduce them by limiting the number of variables A Split Data module is provided under the Data pull down menu for creating duplicate files same number of observations with fewer variables The table below gives some approximations of the maximum allowed when one considers the number of variables Var and observations Obs in one data file Data sets exceeding these limits should be created in another program we recommend spreadsheet software and saved AcaStat User Manual 10 as comma or tab delimited text files Use the AcaStat import procedure to open the files for analysis Obs Var Obs Var Obs Var Obs Var Obs Var 20000 10 3845 52 2127 94 1470 136 1123 178 16666 12 3703 54 2082 96 1448 138 1110
28. ducation Y Click the Run Recode button A new column will be added to the Data Grid that has the assigned variable name and the recoded value Repeat the process until all values needed for the new variable have been recoded Data Grid has been designed so the impact of each recode is visible Using education as an example any cell in the original education column with a value less than 12 should have the value of 1 on the same row in the new column labeled EduFmt Compare the education column to the EduFmt column to ensure the recode worked as planned Computing New Variables Data Grid can create a new variable by mathematically manipulating the values of the original variable This is most useful when transforming a variable by squaring or taking the square root of the original values It is also be useful for applying a constant to all observations in a variable to remove negative numbers or to develop an index The Compute procedure can also be used to create an exact duplicate of a variable or create a new variable that represents the natural log of another variable s values Procedure AcaStat User Manual 20 US S4 Y Select the variable you wish to use for the compute from the variable name in the listbox Enter a variable name for the new variable you are creating limited to 8 characters Example AgeSq for squaring age in years Select the operation you wish to perform by clicking on a radio button Enter t
29. dures Y SumStats O Help Index AcaStat User Manual 32 Output The Output tab displays the results of the analysis in a text window for editing printing and or saving as a text file Each time a statistical procedure is run the results are automatically sent to the output log Each subsequent transfer of results will be appended to previously appended results creating a complete record of the analyses The Output tab can also be used to view and create csv data files Closing the output log does not erase the contents Click the Clear button to erase all output If Microsoft Word installed on the host computer click the Word icon on the toolbar to export the output to Word This procedure automatically formats the output and places each analysis on a separate page There are two output view options Most Recent Output displays only the results of the most recent statistical procedure Output log displays the output from multiple statistical procedures It is important to remember that the output log contains all the analyses created so the most recent analysis is at the end of the log The toolbar displays the output option available if clicked so when viewing Most Recent Output the toolbar button will display Output Log to indicate clicking the button will display the entire output In turn when viewing Output Log the toolbar button will display the caption Most Recent Output TR AcaStat Output F
30. ed StatNotes sn1 Edit or add new terms to the glossary Create new Glossary files for recording project notes or storing output from analyses copy from the Output Log IF YOU EDIT STATNOTES SN1 YOU SHOULD SAVE IT UNDER A DIFFERENT NAME DURING ROUTINE AUTOMATIC UPDATES AN UPDATED STATNOTES FILE MAY DOWNLOADED WHICH WILL REPLACE THE STATNOTES FILE ON YOUR COMPUTER How Glossary Works A list of the contents will be displayed to the left Clicking an item in the list will display that record s contents To edit the record start typing in the relevant field Changes are automatically saved when you click on another item To create a new record click the Add button on the toolbar When done entering information click Save on the toolbar OBES Ces aa a DI Index of Dispersion List Variables E E f Fi Descriptives 3 Deepen Explore Descriptives A Priori Abstract concept Addition rule of probability Alpha Decisions that are made before the results of an inquiry are Tables Percent Alternative hypothesis known In hypothesis testing testable hypotheses and Tables Mean Antecedent variable decisions regarding alpha and whether a one tailed or two Association tailed test will be used should be established before Variable Selection Panel Association measure collecting or analyzing the data Autocorrelation None a bie D WRKSTAT MARITAL F Biased estimate CHILDS z
31. ege graduate Date Values as Controls Since statistical procedures require that all controls have numerical values date values should be recoded into numerical values e g a value of 1 might be used to represent all observations with a specific date before a date or after a date AcaStat User Manual 19 hal Recode Use recode to create a new variable that is based on an old variable This feature is most useful for combining a series of values into meaningful categories As an example you may wish to change age in years into three or four categories for a crosstabulation or frequency procedure The result can be a string numerical variable O lt Vale NewVar New Value if EDUC O 12 Then Edufmt fil Oz O Treat value as date e g 1 1 02 os i i oe Procedure v Select the variable you wish to change by clicking on the variable name in the listbox Y Select the operation you wish to perform by clicking on a radio button For coding less than 12 years of education select the lt button v Enter the value you wish to use as the basis for the recode For the above example enter 12 v Enter a variable name for the new variable you are creating limited to 8 characters Example Edufmt for formatted education v Enter the new variable s value that will be used to represent the old values For our example use 1 to represent anyone with less than 12 years of e
32. ercent 2 8 2 2 3 3 EDUC E ke R18 Count 42 14 28 DEGREE R19 Keeping house Percent 13 3 0 3 22 6 ES MADEG Control R20 Count 200 g 194 SEX R21 Other Percent 2 4 2 3 2 4 RACE R22 Count 36 15 21 IT R23 EES R24 Marital Status R25 Married Percent 53 0 59 8 48 08 R26 Count 795 383 412 R27 Widowed Percent 11 0 4 8 15 6 R28 Count 165 31 134 R29 Divorced Percent 14 28 11 7 16 1 R30 Count 213 75 138 R31 Separated Percent 2 7 1 4 3 6 R32 Count 40 s 31 Never married Percent 19 18 c c2 c3 c4 cs Ce c7 SEX al Male Female R3 Ra Number of children Mean 1 9 1 7 1 9 Mean X Std Deviation RS Count 1495 638 857 M Count Y Std Error 26 Sum 2767 0 1103 0 1664 0 Sum 95 CI R7 Std Dev 1 7 1 7 1 7 Re SE Mean 0 0 0 1 0 1 D zl Decimals RS 95 CI 0 1 0 1 0 1 R10 Rll Respondent Age Mean 46 2 45 3 46 9 R12 Count 1495 640 ess None z Rows R13 Sum 9109 0 29020 0 40089 0 D E onos R14 Std Dev 17 4 16 9 17 7 WRKSTAT Lal ee Ris SE Mean 0 5 0 7 0 6 eae Sie 95 CI 0 9 2 2 1 2 AGE Ce R17 EDUC lay bet MADEG Control R20 SEX gt ae JC 322 CC El SC Reset R24 R25 R26 R27 R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 L Al 2 Charts o Glossary amp Handbook P El G5593 dc A Output AcaStat User Manual Simulation Tw
33. es outliers from a variable that are biasing the statistical analysis Trimming extreme values should be done cautiously since meaningful information may be excluded with this operation This caution is especially important for random samples where extreme values are an expected and necessary contribution to sample variation Procedure Select the variable you wish to trim from the variable name in the listbox Enter the lower cutpoint excludes all values less than the entry Enter the upper cutpoint excludes all values greater than the entry Enter a variable name for the new variable you are creating limited to 8 characters Example AgeTrim Click the Run Trim button KC e Ki F Trim Extreme Values Create a new variable that excludes extreme low and high values This feature is most useful for excluding unusual values that will bias statistical calculations The lower cutpoint excludes all values less than the value entered in the box The upper cutpoint excludes all values greater than the value entered in the box DEGREE Lower Cutpoit 0 pu DEGREE A new column will be added to the Data Grid that has the assigned variable name and blank cells where the extreme values would normally be located All other cells will contain the data from the original variable AcaStat User Manual 24 Statistical Procedures Use Statistical Procedures control panel to select variables and the type of analysis
34. es a new variable that contains the number of days between the two selected date variables If Var2 is later in time than Var1 the number of days is positive If it is earlier in time the number of days is negative AcaStat User Manual 22 Combining Two Variables Use Combine Two Variables to create a third variable that is a mathematical combination of two other variables This feature creates a new variable that contains the result of the computation Repeat the operation to systematically combine several variables into one Procedure Y Select the first variable you wish to use from the variable name in the listbox and click the Var1 button Y Select the second variable you wish to use from the variable name in the listbox and click the Var2 button Enter a variable name for the new variable you are creating limited to 8 characters Select the operation you wish to perform by clicking on a radio button Click the Compute button dd E aes Combine Two Variables 8 Use combine two variables to create a third variable that is a mathematical combination of two other variables This feature creates a new variable that contains the result of the computation You can repeat the operation to systematically combine several variables into one AcaStat User Manual 23 Trimming Extreme Values Data Grid can create a new variable that excludes extreme observations This is useful for excluding extreme valu
35. esearch results in a format more understandable for those not use to interpreting contingency tables or standard descriptive statistics output The categorical option will produce counts and column percents for each category contained in the columns by each category available in the rows For continuous data the report will produce summary statistics for each row variable when controlling for the column category More than one column variable can be used but it is important to select column variables that are categorical otherwise the table may be too large to print or interpret Summary reports are sensitive to missing data so carefully review the data before and after analysis It is especially important that the first dependent variable rows variable contain data for all the values of the independent variable columns categories If this is an issue use the following procedure to create a placeholder variable 1 Add a blank column to the spreadsheet 2 Right click a cell in the column and select Replace Cell Contents also under the Edit menu 3 Click the list name of the blank column you created and enter the value 1 in the field labeled Replace with this value or string Click the Replace button and then close AcaStat User Manual 28 4 When setting up the variables for the summary reports select the placeholder variable you created as the first row variable Then add the row variables you wish to analyze 5 After
36. first box Enter the mean of the distribution in the second box Enter the standard deviation of the distribution in the third box Click the calculate button and the z score will be calculated and its relative location in a normal distribution will be noted in the graph Diagnostic Accuracy Module This module is used to evaluate the accuracy of a diagnostic test in identifying disease presence or absence The 2x2 grid uses counts from a crosstabulation between known disease status and the diagnostic test results for that disease for each patient To use this module enter the counts in the relevant boxes and click Run Procedure If the counts are not already provided counts can be produced by a creating a data file in Data Grid where the rows represent patients and there is one column for known disease status O No 1 Yes and one column for test results O Neg 1 Pos b running the crosstabulation procedure where the test variable column is the dependent variable and the disease status is the independent variable and c entering the counts from the Crosstabulation into this module There is also a Diagnostic procedure in Data Grid for creating diagnostic accuracy statistics using a raw data file AcaStat User Manual 38 Power Module Four criteria are used to estimate the appropriate sample size for a study Sometimes called a power analysis the primary goal is to collect enough cases to ensure you don t make a Type Il erro
37. he value you wish to use in the compute statement Note that 2 square and A 5 square root Click the Run Compute button A new column will be added to the Data Grid with the variable name and the computed values for all observations r Compute e feature allows you to mathematically manipulate a variable s values As an example you may wish to add 100 to a proportion to convert it to a percentage or you can square 2 or take the square root 5 of values to improve its properties for a simple regression analysis E Use compute to create a new variable that is based on an old variable This AcaStat User Manual 21 Comparing Dates Use Compare Dates to calculate the difference between two dates This feature creates a new variable that contains the number of days between the two selected date variables If Var2 is later in time than Var1 the number of days is positive If it is earlier in time the number of days is negative Procedure v Select the variable you wish to use for the first date from the variable name in the listbox and click the Var1 button Y Select the variable you wish to use for the second date from the variable name in the listbox and click the Var2 button Enter a variable name for the new variable you are creating limited to 8 characters Click the Compute button es a Compare Dates e Use compare dates to calculate the difference between two dates This feature creat
38. iable It can contain string data words or numerical data numbers Most data files use numerical data to represent words As an example for the variable sex you could code Male as 0 and Female as 1 This makes data entry much easier since you only have to enter one number instead of typing a word It also simplifies recoding variables and identifying controls Entering data To enter data point and click on a cell and begin typing Pressing the Enter key will save the entry and move the data entry point to the next row Pressing the right arrow key will save the entry and move the data entry point to the right Pressing Escape Esc will cancel the data you are entering Editing data To edit data double click on the cell and begin typing Please note that pressing any of the arrow keys will save the entry and move the data entry point to the relevant cell Pressing the Enter key will save the entry and move the data entry point to the next row Pressing Escape Esc will cancel the data you are entering Right Click Support Click the right mouse button in the spreadsheet to select from several edit options to include adding and removing columns and rows and formatting variables Spreadsheet and Data File Limits The Data Grid spreadsheet edit capacity is limited to 200 000 cells more than sufficient for most analyses This is calculated by multiplying the number of columns variables by the number of rows observations The e
39. k the Replace button SS OS Adding Deleting Rows and Columns The data spreadsheet automatically begins new data files with 20 columns and 1000 rows Add Delete Rows To add rows click the Edit pull down menu and select Add Rows Ten empty rows will be added to the bottom of the spreadsheet To delete a row select the rows you wish to delete click the Edit pull down menu and select Delete Rows All data contained in the deleted row s are lost Add Delete Columns To add a column click the Edit pull down menu and select Add Columns One empty column will be added to the far right of the spreadsheet To delete a column select the columns you wish to delete click the Edit pull down menu and select Delete Columns All data contained in the deleted column are lost Using a Weight Variable Le Bf Weight Data Click the Data pull down menu and select Use Weight Variable to identify a variable for FREQUENCIES AND DESCRIPTIVES ONLY weighting observations Weights are often Use to select one variable containing case used to compensate for over or under git ee ee lo eae sampling and also for producing population values from a random sample The weights Current Fie Variables are used in the frequency and descriptive procedures Weights will not be applied to any other procedures Only one weight can be selected at a time AcaStat User Manual 17 Formatting Variables To make output easier to interpre
40. mns in the contingency table are 5 or less AcaStat User Manual 26 Pearson Correlation Calculates the Pearson correlation coefficient to represent the association between two interval ratio level variables For multiple comparisons a correlation matrix can be display Regression Calculates simple regression one independent variable or multiple regression two or more independent variables Ordinary least squares regression requires interval ratio level dependent variables and logistic regression requires a dichotomous dependent variable As an option ordinary least squares regression will produce residuals for each observation and summary statistics for the observations included in the model Logistic regression will produce predicted values and summary statistics List Variables This procedure will list the values of observations for up to seven variables List all the observations or set a maximum number of observations in the Max Obs box As an example if the data file had 1000 observations a Max Obs value of 50 would list the first 50 observations in the data file Diagnostic Accuracy Diagnostic accuracy compares a test result to a dichotomous reference standard It is used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test The reference variable can only be two values usually 0 for non disease and 1 for disease This represents the gold standard to compare to the test results Each cell in the table holds counts
41. nce Includes quick links to document webpage and links to websites providing reference material on statistics and research methods AcaStat User Manual 47 System Requirements recommended minimum Windows95 98 NT XP 2000 Vista Pentium 700mhz 128 mb RAM Download file size 15 MB Installed size 30 MB Install on host computer hard drive AcaStat Software 43584 Merchant Mill Terrace Leesburg VA 20176 USA support acastat com http www acastat com AcaStat User Manual 48 Purchase Information Prices include shipping and are subject to change Most CD ROM orders are shipped th next business day Special orders quantity discounts and sit licenses ar available Questions Contact AcaStat Software via e mail at info acastat com On line Orders Credit Card Visit http www acastat com for credit card orders current prices and site license purchases and renewals Mail orders check money order or purchase order invoice AcaStat Software Mail Order Form Name E Mail Organization School Street Phone City State Province Country Postal Code Download Retail 29 95 eg x 29 95 Download Academic 19 95 en x 19 95 Add Mini CD 10 00 enz 10 00 Subtotal Virginia residents add 5 sales tax subtotal x 05 Total Make Check or Money Order Payable to AcaStat Software 43584 Merchant Mill Terrace Leesburg VA 20176 USA AcaStat User Manual 4
42. o simulation procedures can be used for manipulating data in the spreadsheet They were designed to help students develop a better understanding of random sampling The Random Sample option creates a random sample from a larger data file If you assume the larger data file represents the entire population a smaller random helps students discover how summary sample measures such as means and proportions will vary from population parameters The Repeated Random Sampling procedure conducts multiple random samples to build a data set that reflects summary measures for each random sample This procedure helps students test the Central Limit Theorem Central Limit Theorem As sample size increases the sampling distribution of means approximates a normal distribution and is close to normal at a sample size of 30 Random Sample This procedure is used to create a data file that is a randomly selected subset of the current spreadsheet Enter the number of observations desired Please note that the number of observations must be less than total number of records in the current data Click CREATE SAMPLE to replace the current data with a random sample Repeated Random Sampling This procedure creates repeated random samples from the current spreadsheet For each sample iteration the mean and standard deviation are computed and placed into the spreadsheet This results in a new data file where each row represents the summary statistics for one random s
43. oodness of Fit 6 0006 5 1 2 83 11 1 0 Explore Descriptives 7 0007 1 1 2 55 12 4 0 Tables Percent 8 0008 5 1 2 75 12 1 0 KS 8 9 0009 1 3 2 31 18 4 1 s 10 0010 2 5 0 54 18 4 0 AAA 11 0011 1 5 0 29 18 4 0 meme F Analysis Variable 12 0012 1 5 0 23 15 1 7 D 13 0013 1 1 1 61 12 1 1 ay 14 0014 5 4 4 63 04 0 T seali J 15 0015 4 5 3 33 10 0 8 AGE 16 0016 1 5 1 36 14 1 7 EDUC EY 17 0017 7 5 4 39 08 0 9 PAE 18 0018 1 1 0 55 15 1 1 Control 19 0019 1 1 1 55 16 3 1 20 0020 1 1 2 34 16 3 0 21 0021 3 1 2 36 14 2 3 22 0022 2 1 3 44 18 3 1 23 0023 5 2 2 80 18 4 7 24 0024 1 5 1 32 16 3 3 25 0025 2 1 4 37 05 0 0 26 0027 1 1 0 49 16 3 3 27 0028 1 3 2 45 16 3 1 28 0029 1 5 0 36 18 3 1 29 0030 2 5 0 23 16 1 7 30 0031 1 5 0 29 16 4 3 31 0032 1 5 1 30 14 2 1 y 4 D E GSS93 dcs Output Charts GJ Glossary Handbook iy Rows Each row represents one record or case and is the unit of analysis for your procedures If your data contain information on individuals each row represents one person observation If your data contain information on cities each row represents one city Columns Each column represents data for all records regarding one variable or characteristic If a column contains information on personal income in U S dollars all data in that column should represent the income for each person row in the data file AcaStat User Manual 9 Cells Each cell represents a value for one observation of a single var
44. ort by limiting them to 8 characters or less e g Faminc not Family Income Find Cell Contents Use Find to search cell contents within one variable column This feature is most useful for finding specific observations or data Cells with a match are bolded Click find again to locate the next match Click reset to remove the bolding Procedure Y Select the variable you wish to search by clicking on the variable name in the listbox v Enter the value or string you wish to search for Y Click the Find button Find and Replace Use find and replace to change cell contents within one variable column This feature is most useful for correcting data entry errors or changing string contents to values e g to change Male and Female strings so that all Male strings are coded as the value 1 and all Female strings are coded as a value 2 An Undo button will appear after you conduct a replace operation Clicking this button will return the cell contents to the immediate proceeding value It is recommended that you conduct search and replace operations on a duplicate variable so you do not disturb the original variable Use the Compute procedure to duplicate a variable AcaStat User Manual 16 Procedure Select the variable you wish to search by clicking on the variable name in the listbox Enter the value or string you wish to search for Enter the value you wish to use to replace the search parameter Clic
45. ovides summary instructions and interpretations of output alongside the calculator Feature Details Statistical Tests one and two sample t test of means one way ANOVA 4 sample one and two sample z test of proportions chi square 5x5 table Margin of Error Mean 90 95 99 confidence intervals margin of error upper limits lower limits Margin of Error Proportions 90 95 99 confidence intervals margin of error upper limits lower limits Standardized Scores z score graphic representation on normal distribution Diagnostic Accuracy sensitivity specificity positive predictive value negative predictive value positive likelihood ratio negative likelihood ratio Sample Estimator power analysis for the difference between two proportions z tests and two means t tests Output Log Automatically stores all Data Grid and SumStats analyses for viewing printing and saving and keeps a running record of all analyses Print save as text file or use the one click export to send directly to Microsoft Word Glossary Note database for easy storage and retrieval A statistics glossary of terms and definitions is provided Edit and add new terms and definitions Create your own database of terms or notes or store output from analyses Handbook HTML statistics reference Outlines hypothesis testing and provides formulas and examples of hand calculations for common statistical tests Hyperlinked to SumStats modules for easy refere
46. r Beta Beta is the probability of not rejecting a null hypothesis when it should have been rejected Power is 1 beta and is defined as the probability of correctly finding statistical significance A common value for power is 80 or an 80 chance that a random sample will find a Statistically significant difference when there truly is a difference in the population SumStats is focused specifically on 2 tailed tests between two independent random samples means and proportions There are many other approaches and equations for estimating sample size To use the power module select the statistical significance alpha and statistical power 1 Beta If you are comparing two proportions use the z test sample boxes Enter the expected proportion for each sample and click the calculate button If you are comparing two means use the t test sample boxes Enter the expected difference between the two sample means and the estimated pooled variation standard deviation and click the calculate button SumStats will present the total sample size needed given your assumptions Note that the sample size is the total of both samples AcaStat User Manual 39 Glossary Glossary provides a convenient location to store notes definitions and other reference information Create and share your database with other Glossary users You can also add the records from multiple files to create one list of notes AcaStat includes a statistical term glossary nam
47. raph returns count as two The status bar at the bottom of the form will track the number of characters used The limitations of each field are as follows Subject 60 characters Note Text 3000 characters about one 8 5 x 11 page of text File Menu Items New File Creates a new file called Temp sni Save this file under a different name to keep the contents Open File Opens an established Glossary file Save File As Save a copy of the current file under a different name AcaStat User Manual 41 Add Records from Other Files Select and add the contents of another Glossary file to the current file This operation combines notes entered in other files into one convenient and searchable database Import Use Import to create a new Glossary file that is populated with text created in other software There are two options a paste the text into a new file or b import a tab delimited text file Both options work very well with spreadsheets Formatting is very important The text must be contained in two columns The first column should contain the subject and the second column should contain the descriptive text Each row represents one record subject Once the text is formatted into the two columns copy and paste the cell contents into Glossary using the Import option or save the file as a tab delimited text file for importing Export Export will put the contents of the current Glossary file into a tab delimited text file
48. replaces all data in the current Data Grid spreadsheet You may also copy and paste individual cells rows and columns Use the routine copy and paste functions for these procedures S Paste Data n us If the first row of the data contains variable names selecting the checkbox will allow AcaStat to use the variable names as column labels and listbox keys To successfully import data each variable must be separated by a delimiter The delimiter is used to separate the data into columns The most common delimiters are tabs or commas Data Delimiter Tab Delimited Comma Delimited Space Delimited Other Check box if top row contains variable names District Writing Reading Math Citizen Science Count 89 85 77 67 96 94 90 86 95 93 87 84 99 98 96 95 100 99 99 AcaStat User Manual 13 Copying data from Microsoft Access 1 Click Table 2 Click Edit Select All Records 3 Click Edit Copy 4 Open Data Grid and use File Import Paste Data Importing Text Data Files To import a text file into Data Grid click File Import Data to select the data file A Data Import module will display a portion of the data in the file and will provide options for indicating how the variables are delimited You can create or export these text files from most software packages to include word processors spreadsheets databases and statistical packages Data Grid primarily uses either comma separated
49. requencies 73 Run Procedure Ei Reset Variable WRKSTAT Labor force status Percent O Index of Dispersion DEVS Goodness of Fit Full time g y Descriptives 4 Part time E gd Explore Descriptives Temp not working 2 2 Tables Percent Unemp laid off 3 LV Tables Mean Retired al da SS i Variable Selection Panel Keeping house None Analysis Variable D D ma WRKSTAT WRKSTAT MARITAL Value Count CHILDS AGE EDUC DEGREE lt Page Break gt PADEG MADEG Control SEX y RACE Se El Gss93 dex A Output Charts G Glossary Handbook i AcaStat User Manual 33 Page Breaks A page break will be inserted after each procedure and is marked in the document as lt page break gt This is used to indicate where a new page should be printed when printing the results Deleting the lt page break gt notation will stop a new page from being printed Adding this notation will cause AcaStat to print a new page at the point where you inserted the notation Printing By default AcaStat prints a date and time header and a Notes section on each page printed Use the Options pull down menu to deactivate the default settings Exporting The contents of the Output tab can be exported to Microsoft Word Word97 and newer by clicking on the Word icon in the toolbar The contents of the Output tab can also be exported to Microsoft Excel Excel97 and newer by clicking
50. riable so AcaStat compares the 9 Help Index correct groups Control Variable A control can be established for all procedures This limits the analysis to a specific subgroup As an example if interested in the correlation between income dependent variable and education independent variable for females only locate the Sex variable name from the variable listbox click the arrow button to place the variable into the control box and click the button and indicate the value used for females This would result in a correlation procedure that excludes all males The control is normally a value number not a string character for gt lt and lt gt operators If a string variable is used as a control use the operator or use the AcaStat User Manual 25 Compute option Variable Format pull down menu to create a duplicate of the variable and then use Replace Cell Contents Edit pull down menu to replace strings with values The All Missing option limits the analysis to records that have missing data for the control variable The No Missing option limits the analysis to all records that have valid entries for the control variable Note Please remember to click the arrow button to remove the control variable before running another procedure Creating Data Subset with Controls The control feature can be used to create a subset of the data based on the current file and the control setting
51. rols iia a aa e a e EEN 19 Computing Ne ET EE 20 COMPAarno DS a id E 22 AcaStat User Manual 2 Combining Two Variables ducado ida 23 Trimming Extreme ValS sin E 24 STATISTICAL PROCEDURES co cirsscecssesctscecearedsssweccovassccccdangnecucessvectewc lt sescestanstsnnseensvasteurhesccnes 25 K IER ue 25 Dependent Variable ri E 25 Independent Variable ius eee ener reer eet tn a cere eee ere 25 Control Variable ici tii 25 Creating Data Subset with Controls ina nebieteeatiedadedoeentenenee 26 Sl Tt 26 EEGEN eet deeg eene ee 26 DG le EE 26 LS ele 26 CROSS tea ON lalola 26 Pearson Correlation ii ada 27 EE eege eege ot duce scan eege 27 A ee ENEE 27 Diagnostic ACC WAG pl tot le is usadas 27 Tests O IMGANS aseena cd ac 28 Analysis of Variance LAN OW oca co 28 Summary Rei i 28 A A O E S 31 Ernie Sample at lios tareas 31 Repeated Random Sampling australia 31 eeler ME 31 Project NOUS ia 32 Data File Information rierien nineto tyiasantaaselsaacteaacdvalecensncdamneeldassnlagiietunses 32 OUTPUT usara ome PE gee PP TER me eT a od 33 Sie EE 34 o A lacs arene hace oth gt ade dab Maan teas de ae A A E T 34 1 EE 34 Copying and Pasting Output EE 34 Converting Output to Tab Delimited saciar 34 Eege 35 SUMS TAT S 60 ii Re i ne een 36 SUMS PATS MP il 36 ttest Mod le a A A O iaa 37 One Sample Mean EE 37 TWO Sample Measures 37 ANOVA Mod le naa eros 37 Ke D 37 One Sample Proportlon siscseiccssteeiieudie cavdsskeieeesdia radon uentyec
52. s Select a control without any analysis variables and click the run procedure button This will replace the current data with a subset that matches the control specification such as only selecting cases where sex 1 This procedure replaces the current data in the Data Grid Unsaved data will be lost this operation does not affect saved files Statistical Procedures You must select one of the statistical procedures to produce output Frequencies This produces a listing of all the values in a variable the number of times they occur in the variable and the percent of cases represented in each value Frequencies can be produced on numerical and string data Descriptives Calculates measures of central tendency mean median and variation variance standard deviation Descriptives requires numerical data Explore Explore descriptive statistics sum count mean sample standard deviation standard error 95 confidence interval for each subgroup in the selected categorical variable s Explore requires numerical data Crosstabulation This is a very useful procedure for representing the association between two categorical variables via a contingency table Each cell in a contingency table represents a subgroup For each cell count row percent column percent and total percent are reported This procedure also automatically produces a chi square statistic Crosstabulations are easiest to interpret when the number of rows and colu
53. s will automatically reappear when you restart AcaStat a DI Index of Dispersion e List Variables a Getting Started Descriptives E C Goodness of Fit Explore Descriptives Modules Tables Percent Importing Data Exporting Output Analysis Variable Other Tips Special Features Download Links Documentation Product Specifications Jh Show Quick Tips at Startup E Data Grid A Output Charts G Glossary amp Handbook y AcaStat User Manual 6 Updates The Help menu contains an option to check for updates AcaStat will connect with the Internet and automatically compare your installed version with the version of the update if any Ifa newer update is available the appropriate files are downloaded to your computer Update AcaStat Welcome to the AcaStat Update Wizard This wizard will check available updates for AcaStat Click Next to continue or Cancel to exit update Click here to configure the proxy Cancel Calculator A pop up calculator is available on the toolbar It is a stay on top design that remains in view when using AcaStat The calculator allows copying of data in the result field or memory storage field Calculator Calculator AcaStat User Manual 7 Options Panel The options panel allows you to change output settings and the location of data files and glossary file Some changes may not be
54. t create variable names and assign short explanatory labels to variable names and values Formatting information will be saved with the AcaStat data file and can be changed at any time Click the Copy Format button to copy and paste the formatting into another similarly coded variable e g 1 yes and 2 no If data are exported the formatting information will not be exported Make your output clearer by adding labels to variable names and values What you enter here will be used in frequency and crosstabulation output to label the tables Establishing value labels is limited to eight or fewer values Click on the column you wish to format or select from the variable name dropdown list Variable Format Variable Name DEGREE v 8 characters or less Variable Label Responden s highest degree 40 characters or less oO Change Decimals click Save to permanently change data Value Format Label High school Junior college Bachelor 20 characters or less 20 characters or less Missing Values ssp vawe KI Missing Values lt e mesing Voues gt Copy Format Paste Format AcaStat User Manual 18 Variable Name Data Grid limits variable names to 8 characters Since this is what is used to represent a column in the variable list boxes it is important to create short but meaningful variable names As an example level of education could be named DEGREE or EDUC Variable Label Use variable labels to create
55. t be installed on the host computer Acrobat Reader is a free download from Adobe For more information visit http www adobe com for download information Version 8 is included on the AcaStat CD purchase option Each manual includes an active contents page and can be viewed electronically or printed as reference material The Student Workbook and the User Manual are available as free downloads from the AcaStat com web site www acastat com pdfdocs htm If the manuals are installed in the application folder C Program Files AcaStat 6 they can be opened through the AcaStat Documentation menu All AcaStat manuals are copyright protected User Manual The User Manual contains instructions on how to use AcaStat The content is similar to what is contained in AcaStat help but includes screenshots of AcaStat modules File Name UserManual pdf TE Availability AcaStat CD Website http www acastat com pafdocs htm Student Workbook The Student Workbook contains over 20 lessons designed to introduce basic statistical concepts while also demonstrating the functionality of Data Grid Stat Procs and SumStats File Name Workbook pdf Y Availability AcaStat CD Website http Awww acastat com pdfdocs htm Applied Statistics Handbook The Applied Statistics Handbook is not available in the Special Edition version of AcaStat It contains formulas definitions and examples of both hand calculations and annotated output from analytical software It
56. value csv or tab separated value txt files but you can use almost any delimiter If the one you choose doesn t work try another If the first character in the file is not numerical Data Grid will assume the first row in this file contains the variable labels and will analyze the data from row 2 on You can change this by deselecting the checkbox If the data file is large it may take a few moments for Data Grid to read all the data Once read the data will be displayed in the spreadsheet and variable names column headings will be visible in the list boxes if they are contained in the first row of the data Otherwise Data Grid names the variables sequentially V1 V2 etc You can edit data in the spreadsheet by double clicking on a cell After importing data you should save the file as an AcaStat system file This will increase loading speed and retains variable formatting 5 Import Data File 4 If the first row of the data contains variable names selecting the checkbox will allow AcaStat to use the variable names as column labels and listbox keys To successfully import data each variable must be separated by a delimiter The delimiter is used to separate the data into columns The most common delimiters are tabs or commas Data Delimiter Tab Delimited Zei Comma Delimited Space Delimited Other Check box if top row contains variable names Records Income Educ Sex edufmt R1 25000 1
57. ysis tool and instructional aid AcaStat combines several modules into one convenient package These modules include Data Grid Charts SumStats Glossary and the Research Methods Handbook Getting Help Both application and statistical help are provided throughout the AcaStat modules Click on any help button to get help on the current module In addition to application help statistical help is provided in three formats v The Research Methods Handbook is available in html format in the Handbook module v A glossary is provided for statistical terms and definitions You can add to this glossary or create your own note database v An Applied Statistics Handbook is provided in pdf format for Licensed Edition LE versions Academic Application For those interested in using AcaStat as part of their academic teaching learning an excellent companion text would be Hubert M Blalock Jr s text Social Statistics 2nd Edition McGraw Hill Publishing Company Most of the formulas used in the statistics Handbook are consistent with Blalock Practice problems are provided for most of the statistical methods contained in the Handbook When conducting manual calculations students should round each calculation to three decimal places e g 1 5865 should be rounded to 1 587 to obtain results consistent with the Handbook Installation Download AcaStat from http www acastat com The software is downloaded in a self extracting file Save the softw
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