User`s Guide
Contents
1. Referring Child usage of area O Referring visitor type Group a types String Slot P 3 O Q Referring Q Referring 22 User s Guide to EL E ON Importance Importance refers to the importance of a field for a specific user type Low importance for is a suggestion to the NLG engine not to produce text for this field For instance in the next figure the importance of the field Hours open has been to 3 for the adults and to 1 for children This can be set by right clicking on the appropriate field S2 basementz first building1 first dome ground building1 amp amp ground dome gt partofime 9 partofiMEDescription amp amp caveDescription gt person program 9 documentan AsiaMinor black sea Christianity AsiaMinor Cyprus amp amp documentary OlympicGames Ermogenhs e Lebanon E Mikrasiates E Miletus E taxidi o educational Interaction History pecial Msitor type technology subject of program Editing Hours open User types Adult Child Nouns that can be used to dei Group program documentary Text preview area 3 artOflme program title 1 3 programPresentedThing program description Edit nouns Interaction history is some sort of log file that contains t2. User s Guide to E LEON Fields Description Fields denote properties in types subtypes generic entities and entities There are prespecified fields and fields that are user defined The prespecified fields are subtype of title name shortname notes gender number and images Fields declared in types are inherited by subtypes and entities or generic entities Generally speaking fields are inherited from higher items of the hierarchy to lower items Moreover fields can be added to types and subtypes only The type of the user defined fields appearing as filler types must be declared There is some predefined filler types the string date dimension and number The rest of the possible filler types are derived from the types and subtypes that have been defined For every field that belongs to a type or a subtype properties restrictions importance and repetitions can be defined Properties Symmetric when a property is symmetric if an entity A is related through this property with another entity B then in return the entity B is related through the same property with entity A For example if the entity building is related through the property is next to to the entity building and the property is next to is symmetric then building2 is related to building1 by the is next to property Functional a property is functional if every entity has only one value for this property I
3. Yes O No n Check the box to modify Spelling the default suggestion Plural buildings LI construct English specific information Transitive Yes No E Check the box to modify the default suggestion 3rd person singular constructs O Spelling Simple past constructed O Present participle constructing El Past participle constructed Ll 16 User s Guide to E LEON For inflected languages in particular in Greek and in Italian there are more options 9 amp Domain dependent lexicon Nouns 9 Q Verbs 9 amp construct English S Italian Greek LEXICON eee construct Greek specific information Base form 2nd person of base form Z Advanced spelling options il spelling of verb forms Tense Voice Present progres Activ Present progres Acti si 2nd Present progres Act si ard Present progres Acti P Present progres Activ P Present progres Activ P Present progres Pas S Present progres Pas S if Present nroares Pas 17 KTIZW KTIZEIC Yes O No Update fields Check here to change the corresponding forr Verb form KTIZw User s Guide to EL E ON B KTIGTNKE PI L Past simple Pas PI 2nd Ikriorrjkare iw Past simple Pas Pl 3rd Ikriornkav Ll Active Infinitive krioei L
4. Passive Infinitive kmorei L Active participle Kr Covrac LU Passive participle Feminine Neuter Microplans The ELEON tool offers two ways of entering linguistic information about the text that will produced for each field of the type class In particular there the clause microplan and the template microplan the first being more versatile than the second at the expense of being less comprehensible by non experts In particular there can be up to five microplans for each field NAME Clause Microplan DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Next follows an example of a clause microplan 18 User s Guide to E LEON SIS English version of microplan a for field location found Appropriatene Clause plan v Show advanced options Template Do not use for this language Verb find verb Voice C Active amp Passive Tense Past Present O Future in v before object Pre adjunct Post adjunct Adverb v Advanced Options amp Indicative Imperative Mood De a Subjunctive t Honfinite Reversible Pai PSA True False subject object z C Referrin i ng expression Para for subject Case of referrin expression for subject Referrin i i g expression Auto gt for object Case of referrin expression for object Aggregation allowed amp True False Get values f
5. CANCEL Importing Mpiro Files DESCRIPTION It reads an mpiro format file it is a binary file representing a Java Object which potentially contains an ontology types and entities user models microplans a lexicon Importing Relational Databases Entities can be imported from a relational database The entities will be incorporated on a specific basic type or subtype Example To connect to a mysql database you should enter the following information In the first field it is the JDBC driver in the second field it is the URL of the database in the current example it resides on the same computer on port 3306 and the string after the last slash is the database name 25 User s Guide to E LEON ee Lox canca Create entities eat 26 User s Guide to E LEON EXPORT The enriched domain ontology which comprises the OWL ontology the user models the lexicon and the microplans can be exported into four files which are as follows The ontology is exported as an OWL file OwlTemp owl The user models an RDF file UserModelling rdf e e The lexicon as an RDF file Lexicon rdf e The microplans as an RDF file Microplans rdf Example New Ctrl N gt Open Ctrl O lel Save as cis Export cu E altar of ar e r af ar Restart Engine for Greek Restart Engine for English Export User Modelling User s Guide to E LEON DATA TYPES DESCRIPTION The fo
6. other classes but only of subtype genre and not of the basic type genre or instances Declaring basic types The author must declare at least one basic type There are two characteristics of a basic type First it exists at the top level of the hierarchically organized ontology Second it must have a link to pre existing upper model type The upper model types are 3D physical object named time period spatial location human substance thing other abstraction Should the upper models prove to be inadequate the author can specify its own upper model type Finally the author specifies the name of the basic type Each basic type must have a unique name in the ontology Editing basic types The basic types can be deleted or their name can be edited In addition another type can be added as subtype of the current basic type Each basic type has some predefined fields and users can add more fields Basic types and Hierarchy Each basic type can be added as subtype of one or more subtypes Examples User s Guide to E LEON Add basic type lame of the basic type C 3D physical object _ named time period C spatial location C human C substance thing 9 Data Base Basic entity types C other abstraction e en Customize above list Number Date Dimension CANCEL Figure 2 Creating a basic type uses DaTAGASE LEXICON HUSE
7. the corresponding entity name The next two slots are strings and in particular for the second slot the author of the microplan adds some information about the tense and the voice of the verb which might be exploited by a natural language generation engine In the last slot field filler denotes that the value stems from whatever the user enters in the construction data field for a specific entity Fields Filler types l M for field construction date Appropriatene English version of microplan 4 _ Clause plan Show advanced options v Template _ Do not use for this language Aggregation allowed True False Q String Type Case Slot Referring to field filler expression 8 String SA Slot n was constructed verb past v passive v Cy L Di J Referring to owner expression Q Referring to field filler expression 8 String jo E in verb Slot S 3 C 2 Referring to owner expression Q Referring to field filler expression String Type Case 40 Referring to owner expression Auto w Nominative w Referring to field filler expression Insert slot Insert slot Remove selected before selected after selected slot 20 User s Guide to E LEON PERSONALISATION ELEON as it has been mentioned is more than an ontology authoring tool in particular it offers a substantial persona
8. RHNPESUY paTAGASE flaconi SS __ _ _ T Tt amp 2 Data Base ELE type Data Base 9 Basic entity types 9 Basic entity types re m Ei gos Athens CO emperor Add sub type Corinth E Olympia god Add entity Persepolis nero i gt horizons AN 2 e person historic hero Add generic entity gt Q amp architect historic historiographer a n gt Q emperor o EE 5 Annotation Properties king mythical hero g SuperTypes e nomothete nomothete M iti o philosophelf _ Add entities from a database Leni o Doreoul politician philosopher ruler AL Delete sculptor poet d Data types lt Upper model types o amp poet 9 Q amp politician Q ruler o Q sculptor o Data types User s Guide to EL E ON QUSERTIYPEST DATABASE EEXICONTS Data Base amp Basic entity types Ei amp Argos amp Athens Corinth Olympia amp Persepolis o Q person occur2 gt horizons 9 person amp architect e Q emperor o amp historic historiographer gt Q king gt Q nomothete Q amp philosopher Q poet o amp politician ruler amp sculptor gt Datatypes Figure 3 Adding the person basic type as subtype of city At the top left we select the basic type to which we shall add an existing type as subtype At the top right we tell ELEON to add person as a s
9. UE HS shortname o floor M 9 Q partofime Si 9 Q area A mem Q shop Images 9 Showroom E showri Add sub type show Add entity ems amp cave amp Education Add existing type as subtype can be used tc foyer stFl Add generic entity area shown e FoyerDo internet a amp amp outdoor amp parking SuperTypes parking2 Add entities from a database preshow receptions Rename safekeepil Delete O N screen ro mrdo Screening Room VirtualCinema amp wc Q amp building 13 User s Guide to E LEON AncientAgoraValues area AncientMiletusBuildings hours has capacity partOfIMEDescription isitor type excavation title starting date values exhibition mathematics tit itemForSale usage for presentations is located in building usage of area ibiti is left exhibition ive title number of floors The way to define an equivalence relation is through the Add Named Class or the Add Enumeration 14 User s Guide to E LEON DOMAIN SPECIFIC LINGUISTIC DATA Lexical Authors using the ELEON can record lexical information in the form of nouns and verbs for English Greek and Italian that form the domain specific dictionary NAME Noun DESCRIPTION The point of defining nouns is to use them in the expression of types during the natural language generation process In addition authors can specify the degree of appropriateness of each noun for each u
10. User s Guide to E LEON ELEON Software and Knowledge Engineering Laboratory Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications National Centre for Scientific Research NCSR Demokritos Athens Greece http www iit demokritos gr eleon User s Guide to E LEON TABLE OF CONTENTS Overview of the ELEON functionality ccccsscccassseccssessecnsssasccesssvoseescssonsssnssceesessoseonsssvesses 3 INTRODUCTION cer M 4 INSTALLATION 4 DOMAIN ONTOLOGY nima 5 Basi TYPES C 5 UP M oE A EE 8 GCIeICElIO Ellie 9 ENTITIES rtl 9 Eilat 10 Annotation PIOPertes iss rile i e arri 12 Eg ivale t O Cc CH RUPES 13 DOMAIN SPECIFIC LINGUISTIC DATA oororrerrrererereerece ren eeee aree nese ne cneceneoeecenecee 15 Fs 15 IGT LNG acabe cO Deb d deinde na Muda dM dui dft 18 PERSONALISATION n 21 Multilingua SUPPOrTt ieis ria 21 Db 21 APPCOPIARI AS 22 FPP OEIC mre c 23 Interaction HIStOTy rosa 23 IMPORT iaia 24 Importing OWL Ontol PlIe S ilaria 24 Importing MDIDO BIIGR osse adutieusa i ineine aedi pab vedi d op REM DA dpa IURE 25 Importing Relational Databases aiar 25 EXPORT e 27 sortira ET HQ 27 DATA TYPES emm M 28 Save Loail ELEON frr c e 29 Otheriuncioli
11. dix Eleon supports the authoring of Ontologies that follow OWL Lite and it also supports the following features from OWL DL owl hasValue owl maxCardinality owl minCardinality owl Cardinality http www w3 org TR 2004 REC owl features 20040210 s3 3 http www w3 org TR 2004 REC owl features 20040210 s4 32 User s Guide to E LEON References 1 Dimitris Bilidas Maria Theologou Vangelis Karkaletsis Enriching OWL Ontologies with Linguistic and User Related Annotations The ELEON System ICTAI 2 2007 464 467 33
12. ed in the ontologies in the selected language and according to user s model ELEON provides a well defined interface that can be used by different NLG engines The paper presents the relevant functionalities of ELEON describes the provided interface to NLG engines and discusses the advantages of exploiting such enriched ontologies in NLG The reader is refereed to 1 for a presentation of ELEON INSTALLATION Unzip the file eleon rar toa directory of your choice Under that directory there should now be the following directories and files Eleon the main directory Eleon mpiro_authoring_v4_4 mpiro_authoring_v4_4 jar the authoring tool jar file Eleon start_authoring_owl_Win bat the file that starts the tool under Windows Eleon libs library files You are also going to need a natural language generation engine NLG to preview the text that can be generated Download the NaturalOWL from the Natural Language Processing Group of the Department of Informatics Athens University of Economics and Business The file should be named NaturalOWL tar gz Unzip the file and detect the file NL jar This is the file that you should copy to the directory libs Also the Java runtime engine will be necessary In addition ir http pages cs aueb gr nlp software html http www racer systems com User s Guide to E LEON DOMAIN ONTOLOGY Basic Types Description Basic types are classes that may contain
13. es 9 Q floor rea has items Select a item basementi s located in building dome e basement as usage sage for presentations press co first buildingl as technology elect a technology firs dome oor round dome ground building1 Es next to ore amp ground dome s right Select a area 9 Q partofime s left Select a area 9 area Select a area gt Q shop elect a area o Q amp showroom see a area cave elect a area EducationalProgramsRoom amp amp foyer stFloor FoyerDome Text preview area internet area amp amp outdoor e parking1 en ni Add ons NLG Engine Currently the natural OWL engine is Consistency Checker OWL reasoned and Inference Server The Run Reasoner shows the Racer Connection panel see next figure This panel provides an interface to the reasoning engine RacerPro via the TCP protocol In order to get connected with the Racer Server you have to complete the IP address of the machine in which the server runs and the appropriate port Then you can insert a command as it is 30 User s Guide to EL E ON specified in the Racer user manual Using this inference service you can check the consistency of the ontology retrieve individuals of a particular concept retrieve the fillers of a property for an individual etc BB Racer Connection 127 0 0 1 8088 Command heck abox coherence Ask Racer 31 User s Guide to E LEON Appen
14. he exhibits a user has visited as well as the number of time he has visited an exhibit The interaction history also defines how many times text can be produced for a field before the system considers the information as being assimilated This is set in the repetitions column see the above figure 23 User s Guide to EL E ON IMPORT DESCRIPTION The ELEON authoring tool can import ontologies in OWL DL form from a disk file It can also import mpriro its native format files which can incorporate Ontologies User models microplans and a lexicon In addition it can import Ontologies from relational databases Look In C MPIRO authoring v4 4 with OWL 1 GIG build C nbproject src J cellNLG C New Folder E Webinfo C farmNLG C New Folder 2 D cellPhones mpiro Cor C New Folder 3 D cellPhones2 mpiro Ci libs 7 NLFiles MPIRO 5 farm2 mpiro C mpiromuseum J pictures D modems2 mpiro T gt File Name Files of Type Mpiro files mpiro OWL files rdf owl xml Mpiro files mpiro Importing OWL Ontologies DESCRIPTION It can import files in OWL DL format Such a file will contain the ontology of a domain The author has the ability to choose the classes and instances that will be imported 24 User s Guide to E LEON fio OWL classes CellPhone o Feature qu Camera BatteryType e Manufacturer Company OK
15. lization functionality which is realized through the following functions e User types Multilingual support for microplans nouns and verbs Appropriateness of each microplan for each User Type Importance and Repetitions values for each field Interaction History of the User DESCRIPTION It supports functions that provide personalization to user s characteristics such as mother tongue knowledge level interests and interaction history IMPLEMENTED IN ELEON Personalisation is implemented through trilingual support for lexical elements nouns and verbs and microplans Also it is implemented as appropriateness and repetitions for fields Multilingual Support Description Multilingual support is realised for English Greek and Italian In particular language specific features can be defined for Nouns Verbs and Microplans User Types Description The author can define user types and for each user type to define the maximum number of facts per sentence facts per page links per page and Synthesiser voice The number of facts refers to the number of microplans that will be employed bear in mind that two or more microplans can be aggregate by the natural language generation engine to create a single sentence Number of links is no longer used Finally synthesiser voice is a choice that refers to the text to text speech program 21 User s Guide to E LEON File Options Help MACIE Search L3 RTAS RR O Use
16. llowing data types have been predefined string number date and dimension These are some basic data types that can be used as filler types in addition to the filler types that are inherited from super types 28 User s Guide to E LEON Save Load ELEON data Description Eleon can save and load data in its native format Examples Open m SEE J nbproject J sre J New Folder J Webinfo C New Folder 2 G cellPhones mpiro C New Folder 3 3 cellPhones2 mpiro C3 NLFiles MPIRO D farm2 mpiro c mpiromuseum I pictures 3 modems2 mpiro File Name Files of Type Mpiro files mpiro M piro files mpiro 29 User s Guide to EL E ON Other functions Description Eleon performs some very useful support functions in particular there is search facility whereby authors can look for an occurrence of a basic type a subtype or a generic entity Looking for the next occurrence of the same item involves activating again the search facility The help function provides some pieces of basic information about ELEON such as current version File Options Help D gt 539 foyerdome Search C DArAGASE BNICONS 9 Q2 Data Base Language independent fields of FoyerDome 9 Basic entity types 9 construction state Fields Fillers amp completed rea under construction ages elect imag
17. nverse Functional a property is inverse functional if the inverse see below of this property is functional If a property P1 has another property P2 as inverse property and entity A is related to entity B by PI then B is related to A by P2 Transitive if a property is transitive and an entity A is related to another entity B by this property and also B is related to a third entity C then A is also related to C by this property Also for every field the author can set the subroperties and superproperties for this field creating thereby a property hierarchy Thus for example if a property P1 is sub property of another property P2 and entity A is related to entity B by P2 then A is also related to B by P1 The order refers to whether the natural language engine will talk about the value of the filler A value of zero denotes that this feature is not active one instructs the engine will produce text about the filler A value of two instructs the engine to talk about the filler s filler and so on The edit user modeling allows the author to specify the default interests and repetitions for this field Finally the author can set whether this field will be used for comparisons by a natural language generation engine 10 User s Guide to E LEON _ Symmetric _ Functional _ Inverse Functional _ Transitive Inverse Restrictions Subproperties color edit subproperties Superproperties color edit superproper
18. r types Adult Child Expert Maximum facts per sentence Facts per page Synthesizer voice Appropriateness If multiple microplans are available for a field then a value of appropriateness can set for each microplan and for each user type This is a suggestion to the NLG engine to select the right microplan for the current user For instance there might be two microplans one set for children and the other for adults The value of appropriateness is set as shown in the next figure basement2 first building1 amp firstdome amp amp ground building1 amp ground dome partofime partOflMEDescription amp amp caveDescription person program Jocurmerntar AsiaMinor black sea Christianity AsiaMinor NS Cyprus program documentary amp amp documentary OlympicGames amp amp Ermogenhs ta ce QUIM Nouns that can be used to describe documentary means inherited Edit nouns i L z C Show advanced or taxidi T late educational v Tempi j amp exhibition C Do not use for this language A lity nc Aggregation allowed amp True False program duration String program title Slot Appropriateness uses technology Referring programPresentedThing 10 x i User types Engish italian starting date values 2 Referring subject of program String Adult technology Slot i technology dsc 20O
19. rom Italian Get values from Greek NAME Template Microplan DESCRIPTION A template Microplan is a rather strict way compared to clause microplans of describing the way a specific field of a type or subtype field will be expressed by a natural language generation engine A template is made of a set of successive slots that contain the linguistic information Each slot can be of three types a string a reference to owner expression or a field filler In the string case the author specifies a string and he might also denote whether it is verb its tense and voice this information is mostly useful for the natural generation engine A reference to owner of the field will fill the slot with the name of the type or subtype in which it belongs to The user has the option of determining the case nominative genitive accusative and whether the owner s name is a noun pronoun it has a definite or indefinite article again this information is transferred 19 User s Guide to E LEON to a natural language generation engine Furthermore the author can denote whether this microplan can be integrated with other microplans to create compound sentences instead of separate ones Example The following is an example of a template microplan for the construction date field highlighted in blue Four slots parts constitute the current microplan The first slot is of the type referring to owner expression which means that the value is obtained from
20. s T 30 Pn me 30 RENDUM IT 30 Consistency Checker OWL reasoned and Inference Server 30 Appendix Lila 32 Referente f M 33 User s Guide to E LEON OVERVIEW OF THE ELEON FUNCTIONALITY Other eee gt Rea Functions NLG x 1 engine Search Save load x Consistency Checker Help Empiro A N dos Import Export OWL Ontologies Owl Ontology Relational Database RDF user models Y 7 RDF lexicon Domain Specific Personalisation S DE i PS x s micropian Linguistic Elements a p DataTypes i AC CONES Domain Cm we Models 7A a Microplans Ontology Date Li entenc Lexical Clause Dimension synthesizer voice appropriateness Equivalent Y for each user VE E classes Interaction group X Sai history verbs N Entities y Y N N Multilingual Support Entities Fields Basic Nouns appropriateness 4 Types Subtypes EE ee Verbs repetitions Depth ntities prop Microplans 1 4 y Fields Figure 1 The ELEON authoring tool User s Guide to E LEON INTRODUCTION ELEON is an editor that allows the enrichment of OWL ontologies with linguistic and user related annotations The enriched ontologies are used by natural language generation NLG engines to generate textual descriptions of the objects represent
21. ser model Authors can add a new noun by providing an identity name Then the author has to specify the forms the noun assumes in various languages English Italian and Greek which depend on the idiosyncrasy of each language For instance the singular and plural form across cases can be specified in addition to the gender and whether it is countable or uncountable Finally the authors can remove nouns EXAMPLES Defining the appropriateness of the noun building for each user model Adult Child and Group on a scale of 5 to 5 The smaller the number the less appropriate it is fUSERTYPES DATABASE LEXICON Domain dependent lexicon oo E 2 pa Nouns P building Language independent information g e architect Appropriateness o gt area Adult s v English Italian Child ell be Greek o gt documentary Group 5 o educational Defining different aspects of the building noun for English 15 User s Guide to EL E ON e Domain dependent lexicon 9 Nouns o Q architect gt area building _ English Italian amp Greek 9 documentary o educational o educational program Q exhibition NAME Verb DESCRIPTION EXAMPLES Defining a verb e Domain dependent lexicon gt Nouns 9 verbs construct 9 amp Greek building English specific information il Baseform building Countable
22. ties edit user modelling Used for compariso The following restrictions to the values of a field of a basic type or a subtype can be defined all values from some values from has values min cardinality and max cardinality The values predicate refers to values from a basic type or a subtype Importance amp Repetitions The importance of the field can be denoted for each of the user model For instance the importance of a certain field might differ between adults and children Finally repetitions refer to the maximum number of times a field can be used before it is consider as assimilated information by the user Importance and repetitions affect the text produced by the NLG system 11 User s Guide to EL E ON Annotation Properties Description It supports the five OWL predefined annotation properties owl versionInfo rdfs label rdfs comment rdfs seeAlso rdfs isDefinedBy Examples 12 User s Guide to E LEON Equivalent Classes Description The author can define equivalence relations between classes i e basic types or subtypes in the sense of linking a class description to another class description In addition the author can create a class and an enumeration Examples The first column records the classes the second the entities and the third the properties Let us assume that the author wishes to say that the class showroom is equivalent the dome and cave entities Ne sene VOR
23. ubtype of city At the bottom we see under city a copy of person User s Guide to E LEON Sub Types Description Subtypes are classes that may contain other classes but only of subtype genre and not of the basic type genre or instances Subtypes may not exist at the top level of the ontology and they do not require an upper model type Properties Each basic type has some predefined fields and users can add more fields The fields serve the role of describing a subtype Examples DATABASE 9 Data Base 9 amp Basic entity types Add entity Add existing type as subtype view supertypes Add generic entity Add entities from a database Rename Delete Upper model types User s Guide to EL E ON Generic Entities Description A Generic Entity is an instance of a basic type or a subtype Each basic type or subtype can have only one generic entity The name of the generic entity is derived from the type or subtype in which it belongs to Generic entities inherit the properties of the type or subtype they belong to Each generic entity field can assume multiple values Entities Description Entities are instances of basic types or subtypes Entities inherit the properties of the type or subtype they belong to Each basic type or subtype can have multiple entities Examples in ELEON 9 Data Base 9 Basic entity types my type 9 entity typet amp entity e o Data types De
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search