GKS — Graphical Kernel System
Contents
1. 16 SUN 83 13 Font Tables O FARA Reale 106 105 103 102 VI L M M M M N rl 17 SUN 83 13 Font Tables ES 410115 106 105 103 102 mp AS IA 3 Al 18 SUN 83 13 Font Tables ROC O To 06 V 105 103 102 m rm ma rm2. 2700 portrait orientation 2701 landscape orientation 2702 EPSF portrait orientation 2703 EPSF landscape orientation 2720 colour portrait orientation 2721 colour landscape orientation 2722 colour EPSF portrait orientation 2723 colour EPSF landscape orientation Operation The output from a program that uses these workstations is a file containing postscript commands The non EPSF Encapsulated Postscript Format workstations produce a file that is designed printed directly on a Postscript printer The EPSF workstations produce postscript files that can be merged with other postscript output for example inserted into TeX documents see SUN 9 A 6 X Windows Server Workstation types base window overlay 3800 3805 3801 3806 3802 3807 3803 3808 Operation When an X workstation is opened the device handler connects to the default X display defined by the DISPLAY environment variable and searches the display fora GWM window with the name GKS_nnnn where nnnn is the workstation type If the window is not found it is created The connection identifier is ignored and only one workstation of a particular workstation type can be open at one time The size number of colours and other properties of the window can be controlled either by using the X resources database or by creating the window with the xmake command as described in SUN 130 The colours of colour table entries 0 and 1 are defined by the b
3. GESC should be called with escape function identifier 1000 and an ASCII value of 1 as the first character of the data record The feature is disabled by 0 in the first character An SGS function to access this facility is available and this should be used wherever possible because the details of the parameters may change in the future as function identifier values are registered with ISO SUN 83 13 Workstation Specific Information A Workstation Specific Information A 1 Cifer Graphics Terminals Workstation types 800 Cifer 2634 801 Cifer T5 Operation 2634 On open workstation the terminal switches to graphics mode and only the graphics screen is displayed The terminal remains in graphics mode until the workstation is closed when it is switched back to alpha mode T5 On Open Workstation both the Text and Graphics screens are displayed To view the graphics screen only press SHIFT F19 to view the alpha screen press SHIFT F18 To view both press SHIFT F20 The screen being viewed can be changed while plotting is in progress Input devices Locator A cross hair cursor Press any key to indicate a point The break character is Control HZ Stroke A cross hair cursor Press any key except Return to indicate a point The Return key signals the end of the entire stroke input The break
4. character is Control Z Valuator A value typed on the keyboard Anything but a valid floating point number is a break The prompt and echo will appear on the alpha screen Choice A single digit typed on the keyboard Any other key is a break The prompt and echo will appear on the alpha screen Deficiencies e String and Pick devices not implemented e Initialization of input devices not implemented SUN 83 13 Workstation Specific Information A 2 Pericom Graphics Terminals Workstation types 825 Pericom 7800 820 Pericom Graphpack MG series 821 Pericom Graphpack MG RAL mods The Graphpack terminals have two blue keys and four white keys at the right hand side of the keyboard on a 7800 terminal these keys are grey The important difference between the two models is that the Graphpack is capable of displaying both the alpha and graphics screens simultaneously while the 7800 is not Operation 7800 On open workstation the terminal switches to graphics mode and only the graphics screen is displayed The terminal remains in graphics mode until the workstation is closed when it is switched back to alpha mode this causes the graphics screen to become invisible The graphics screen can be viewed by pressing the SHIFT GRAPH and the alpha screen viewed by pressing Control H GRAPH The terminal must not be switched into alpha mode during
5. SUN 83 13 Starlink Project Starlink User Note 83 13 D L Terrett 8 December 1995 GKS Graphical Kernel System 1 37 User s Manual SUN 83 13 Abstract i The Graphical Kernel System provides a device independent graphics plotting library SUN 83 13 Contents pe He Contents 1 1 2 2 4 4 7 External Names 5 8 Fonts 5 9 GKS standards 6 0 Reporting Bugs and Problems 6 1 Screen clear suppression 7 Oo Workstation Specific Information A 1 Cifer Graphics Terminals pa ir PELI LS PE PE E ea Lei 8 A 2 Pericom Graphics Terminal ses 2228 Sales ripe ira A 445 9 A 3 GraphOn 200 Graphics Terminal css 22 40 ssa Phase 4254 10 AA Canon LBP 8 Laser printer iii gs RE SES Rd ed Ra 10 E A o EE amp ee Be a E 11 A 6 X Windows Server 44 444444 eee ee ee 11 B_ Font Tables 14 SUN 83 13 Documentation 1 1 Introduction This note describes the release on Starlink of the RAL ICL GKS graphics package GKS has two major advantages over other graphics packages e Itis an international standard and real portability of graphics software is now possible An illustration of this is that the NCAR package an extensive library of scientific graphics utilities produced by the National Center for Atmospheric Research in the USA runs on the RAL ICL GKS without any modification despite the fact that it was developed using a completely independent GKS implementation e No other pa
6. ackground and foreground colours of the window SUN 83 13 Workstation Specific Information 12 Changing the size of the window after the window has been created does not alter the size of the plotting area When the workstation is closed the window remains on the display and opening another workstation with the same workstation type will reconnect to the same window An overlay workstation is only available if the window has been created with an overlay plane see SUN 130 Input devices Locator A cross hair cursor Press any mouse button except the right hand button to indicate a point A break is indicated by pressing the right hand mouse button Choice A single digit typed on the keyboard Any other key is a break Deficiencies e Pick device not implemented e String device not implemented e Valuator device not implemented e Hardware text not implemented e Initialization of input devices except locator position not implemented e Read pixel and read pixel array not implemented SUN 83 13 Workstation Specific Information 13 14 SUN 83 13 Font Tables 110 115 107 106 104 105 105 102 101 EA E EAS F 15 SUN 83 13 Font Tables ASAS AS 106 105 108 102 o 0 UI
7. al interest is version 6 2 because this version was implemented by the Technische Hochshule Darmstadt and obtained at an early date by Starlink At that time there was no draft FORTRAN binding the subroutine names and argument lists and the names were invented by Darmstadt The RAL ICL GKS is an implementation of the 7 4 draft is the version adopted as an ISO standard 10 Reporting Bugs and Problems Problems and suspected bugs should be reported to starlink jiscmail ac uk Bugs will be verified and then if the problem is not in a Starlink written device driver reported to Computing Services Division graphics section SUN 83 13 Screen clear suppression 7 11 Screen clear suppression When a GKS workstation is opened the display surface is cleared For some data reduction system architectures this is inappropriate as it prevents one applications program from adding to or interacting with a picture drawn by another To circumvent this difficulty Starlink has implemented an escape function which suppresses the screen clearing This facility should only be used where absolutely necessary as it is unique to Starlink s GKS and is only available on devices with device handlers written or modified by Starlink It is only available for interactive devices where other techniques such as the use of metafiles to redraw pictures are too slow to be useful To enable the suppression of screen clearing on those devices that support it the GKS routine
8. ckage provides the ability to write device independent graphics programs to the extent that GKS does Only with GKS can you write a program that will run and produce good pictures on all devices supported by the implementation including devices not supported at the time the program was written Programs can nonetheless still fully exploit all the facilities offered by the hardware The RAL ICL GKS implementation has several advantages of its own it contains features which are not all found in any other single package e Area fill with several fill styles on all devices e Cell array supported on dot matrix printers e Multiple fonts e Selective clearing of display surface 2 Documentation The RAL ICL GKS implementation is described in the RAL GKS Guide and the RAL GKS Reference Manual obtainable from your Starlink site manager or Starlink user support at RAL Appendix Alof this note contains workstation specific information for devices for which Starlink has written device handlers Where this note and the RAL GKS guide differ this note is correct Writers of applications programs may prefer to do low level graphics by means of the SGS package rather than by using GKS directly SGS is described in SUN 85 SGS Users Manual Even where a program is pure GKS perhaps because it has been imported from another system you are recommended to take advantage of the workstation name scheme provided by GNS SUN 57 The high level graphics pac
9. done al SUN 83 13 Fonts INTEGER LASTER Include GKS error codes INCLUDE GKS ERR Call GKS routines Call err to see if an error has been reported CALL ERR_STAT LASTER See if it was a GKS error IF LASTER EQ GKS__ERRROR THEN Yes ELSE No END IF All the routines and common blocks visible to the linker other than the names specified in the GKS standard begin with the letters GK In addition to the default font font number 1 the following software fonts are available on all workstations SUN 83 13 Reporting Bugs and Problems 6 Font number Description 101 Roman Medium Sans serif 102 Roman Bold Sans serif 103 Greek Medium Sans serif 104 Roman Medium Seriffed 105 Roman Italic Seriffed 106 Roman Bold Seriffed 107 Roman Bold Italic Seriffed 110 Greek Medium Seriffed 115 Mathematical These fonts are illustrated in Appendix B 9 GKS standards GKS is an international standard and yet several versions exist This section is intended to clear up any confusion that may exist During the development of the standard GKS evolved a great deal Each revision of the standard document was allocated a number and versions of the draft standard are referred to by these numbers These documents are drafts there is only one GKS standard the document finally adopted by ISO as an international standard The first draft that is of more than historic
10. kage recommended by Starlink is PGPLOT Programs that only use PGPLOT for graphics can be linked with either the Caltech version which is widely available throughout the world or with a the SUN 15 which uses GKS for driving graphics devices If the Starlink version is used other Starlink graphics packages can also be used from the same program SUN 83 13 Connection Identifiers 2 Table 1 Graphics Terminals Description Workstation type Support Page No Tektronix 4010 201 C Tektronix 4014 203 C Cifer 2634 800 O Cifer T5 801 O Pericom MG Graphpack 820 O Pericom MG RAL mods 821 O Pericom 7800 825 O GraphOn 235 845 O Regis graphics monchrome 1720 U Regis graphics colour 1721 U 3 Workstation Types The workstation types for all the drivers distributed by Starlink are listed in Tables 1H4 Addi tional local devices may have been added consult your site manager for more information The support categories are as follows e S Supported by Starlink See Appendix Alof this document for more information e O Obsolete device limited support only See Appendix A e C Supported by RAL Computing Division more details can be found in Appendix C of the RAL GKS Guide e U Not supported no documentation available e T TFX specific workstation See SUN 9 4 Connection Identifiers The connection identifier is used to associate a particular physical device or file with a GKS work
11. lemented e Initialization of input devices not implemented e Hardware dotted lines are not used because of a firmware bug in the terminal A 3 GraphOn 235 Graphics Terminal Workstation types 845 GraphOn 235 Operation On Open Workstation both the Text and Graphics screens are displayed Input devices Locator A cross hair cursor Press any key to indicate a point The break character is Control Z Stroke A cross hair cursor Press any key except Return to indicate a point The Return key signals the end of the entire stroke input The break character is Control Z Valuator A value typed on the keyboard Anything but a valid floating point number is a break The prompt and echo will appear on the alpha screen Choice A single digit typed on the keyboard Any other key is a break The prompt and echo will appear on the alpha screen Deficiencies e String and Pick devices not implemented e Initialization of input devices not implemented terminal A 4 Canon LBP 8 Laser printer Workstation types 2600 landscape orientation 2601 portrait orientation Operation The output from a program that uses these workstations is a file containing a plot commands The file is potentially very large if the Cell Array primitive is used SUN 83 13 Workstation Specific Information 11 A 5 Postscript Workstation Types
12. plotting Graphpack On Open Workstation both the Text and Graphics screens are displayed To view the graphics screen only press the GRAPH key to view the alpha screen press VDU To view both press both keys simultaneously and release the key corresponding to the mode you want the terminal in second The mode of the terminal can be changed while plotting provided that the terminal is not actually executing graphics commands The following terminal setups must be set SETUP G blockr block v The equivalent on an MG series are xx01 0001 Graphics General M CR Status term Graphics General L ESC ESC Graphics Modes D Pericom 4014 graphics Graphics Directory H GS CAN Sets Term Only Input devices Locator A cross hair cursor Press any key to indicate a point The break character is Stroke A cross hair cursor Press any key except Return signals the end of the entire stroke input The break character is Control Z to indicate a point The Control Return key SUN 83 13 Workstation Specific Information 10 Valuator A value typed on the keyboard Anything but a valid floating point number is a break The prompt and echo will appear on the alpha screen Choice A single digit typed on the keyboard Any other key is a break The prompt and echo will appear on the alpha screen Deficiencies e String and Pick devices not imp
13. station The mechanism used depends on the type of workstation for all workstations except the X windows workstation the connection identifier is used as the FORTRAN logical unit for output and for interactive workstations the next logical unit connection identifier 1 is used for input Note that on most UNIX system logical units 0 5 and 6 are pre connected to SUN 83 13 Connection Identifiers Table 2 Laser Printers Description Workstation type Support Page No Canon LBP 8 A2 II landscape 2600 S Canon LBP 8 A2 II portrait 2601 S Canon LBP 8 for TEX landscape 2610 T Canon LBP 8 for TEX portrait 2611 T Postscript portrait 2700 C Postscript landscape 2701 C EPSF Postscript portrait 2702 C EPSF Postscript landscape 2703 C Colour Postscript portrait 2720 C Colour Postscript landscape 2721 C Colour EPSF Postscript portrait 2722 C Colour EPSF Postscript landscape 2723 C Table 3 Workstations Description Workstation type Support Page No X Windows 3800 S X Windows 3801 S X Windows 3802 S X Windows 3803 S X Windows overlay 3805 S X Windows overlay 3806 S X Windows overlay 3807 S X Windows overlay 3808 S SUN 83 13 GKS Error Handler 4 Table 4 Metafile Workstations Description Workstation type Support Metafile input Annex E 10 C Computer Graphics Metafile input 12 C Metafile output Annex E 50 C Computer Graphics Metafile o
14. utput 52 C standard error standard input and standard output respectively and so 5 should be used to connect a workstation to your terminal and 0 and 6 not at all The device or file name associated with a connection identifier can be specified by creating an environment variable of the form GCONnn where nn is the connection identifier with a leading zero if necessary which translates to the device or file name For example to connect a workstation to a file called myplot ps on unit 9 you would type setenv GCONO9 myplot ps If not such environment variable exists then the usual default file names for FORTAN i o will be used typically fort n The X windows driver ignores the connection identifier 5 Compiling and Linking GKS programs Before compiling a program that uses the GKS include file GKS_PAR you must first execute the command gks_dev Programs are linked with GKS by 1d objmodule L star lib gks_link 6 GKS Error Handler The error handling routine that is used by default reports errors via the Starlink Error Reporting System SUN 104 and the error channel parameter passed to GOPWK is ignored Using the ERR package for error reporting not only makes GKS s error reporting the same as other Starlink subroutine libraries but also allows programs to detect that GKS has reported an error without having to supply their own error reporting routine The following example show how this is
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