RROS User`s Manual - Rigel Corporation
Contents
1. Output none destroys nothing uses a kbdclrw push kcw 0 jnb ri kcw 1 clr ri sjmp kcw_0 kcw 1 lcall getchr pop acc ret subroutine kbdwait waits for keypressed input none Output none destroys nothing uses a kbdwait push lcall getchr pop acc ret Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 24 subroutine getword this subrouinte reads in a string in ascii from the serial poft the line must be terminated with a cr stored in the lin bytes including the cr buffer the line is the maximum line length is 16 the word is returned in the first parameter buffer at location pbuffr getword push psw mov psw 0 push 3 push 4 push 5 push 6 clr errorf mov CO lbuffr gwinit mov CrO 0ffh inc CO r0 lbuffr llh mov r4 Oh 0 mov a r4 jnb 4 gwok0 ljmp gwerr ret gwok0 lcall getchr mov rl a ri 7fh gwnodel sjmp gwdel gwnodel cjne ri 08h gwnorub gwdel mov a r4 JZ gwO mov a 08h lcall sndchr mov a 20h lcall sndchr mov a 08h lcall sndchr dec r4 sjmp gw0 gwnorub mov a rl clr add a 0 jnc gw num mov a rl clr 5 mov tlp gw num mov a r4 add a lbuffr Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation flush serial port init line buffer ram to 02. break point is placed when the program execution comes to 8100 the program will branch to the break point handler However when the short jump instruction at 8110 is processed the address xxxx will be fetched and interpreted as an instruction The recommended way to avoid this is to place nop no operation instructions after the dec rO instruction address instruction mnemonic 8100 16 dec r0 8101 00 nop 8102 00 nop begin 8103 7405 mov a 5 8112 80EF sjmp begin Despite this inconvenience implementing breakpoints by placing long jump instructions in code has the major advantage that it is not intrusive to the operation of the processor That is until the breakpoint is encountered its presence has no effect on the rest of the program 9 How Tracing is Handled Tracing Single Stepping is one of the options once a breakpoint is encountered It is implemented by activating external interrupt 0 IEO First the interrupt is chosen to be level activated by clearing TCON O Then bit 2 of Port 3 P3 2 which receives the external signal for external interrupt 0 is cleared All interrupt priorities are set to the lowest priority by clearing interrupt priority registers IPO and IP1 By default IEO has the highest priority An interrupt service routine for IEO is linked by placing its address into the interrupt vector table Next the break point is removed by restoring the 3 bytes occupied by the call to the break point handler and the ex
3. c check if chr is 0 9 add a 0f6h adjust it je hextry jmp if chr not 0 9 add a if it is then adjust it ret hextry clr acc 5 convert to upper clr check if chr is a f add a Of9h adjust it jnc notnum if not a f then error clr if char is 46 or less add a Ofah adjust acc je notnum if carry then not hex anl a Ofh clear unused bits ret notnum setb errorf if not a valid digit ret subroutine autoexec start up program Scans low rom memory to see if an embedded program is to run at power up autoexec mov psw t0 Select register bank 0 mov dptr ax tab ax 0 MOVX dptr read low address mov dptr movx dptr read high address mov Ely a anl a ro cpl a 12 Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 12 mov a ri orl a ro JZ 1 poczscsosStart up progradm speci fred Sassen Sea sss press allow user to abort Hs less sat SSS oes Sse push 0 lsb to print next push 1 msb to print next 11 about to execute program at 0 pop acc recall msb lcall prthex pop acc recall 150 lcall prthex lcall crlf lcall print db hit any key to abort 0 lcall sdelay 2 second grace period jb ri ax dn lcall sdelay jb ri ax dn if key hit the abort lcall crlf else start up prog pop acc flush return address pop acc off from
4. description 0 intO external interrupt 0 1 tintO timer 0 overflow interrupt 2 intl external interrupt 1 3 tint1 timer 1 overflow interrupt 4 sint serial port interrupt 5 exint timer 2 overflow interrupt 6 adcint analog to digital converter 7 int2 external interrupt 2 8 int3 external interrupt 3 9 int4 external interrupt 4 10 int5 external interrupt 5 11 int6 external interrupt 6 12 stint auxiliary serial port interrupt 13 ctfint compare timer overflow interrupt Notice that the source numbers follow the default priorities of the interrupts see the microcontroller manufacturer s data book for more information Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 6 As example let tOisr be the interrupt service routine for the timer 0 overflow interrupt in an application program The interrupt is directed to tOisr by the following instructions mov a 1 Select interrupt source 1 mov dptr t0isr address of the service routine lcall setintvec tOisr the interrupt service routine starts here Various application specific instructions reti the interrupt service routine ends here sndchr sends the contents of the accumulator out through the serial port This routine waits until the serial transmit operation has been completed The accumulator a is affected 5 System Variables The ROM resident firmware uses several internal registers for the system All of the monitor commands use register bank 0 The stack
5. equ 0124h a init equ 0127h inkey equ 012Ah a mdelay equ 012Dh a os return equ 0130 percent equ 0133h a print equ 0136h a dptr prsphx equ 0139h ai F2 prtstr equ 013Ch a prthex equ 013Fh a r2 sdelay equ 0142h a setintvec equ 0145h a dptr sndchr equ 0148h a Then the application program simply calls say subroutine getchr as follows lcall getchr The registers used by these routines appear in the header as comments If the application program uses these registers the registers should be pushed before the system call The source code of these general purpose routines is available from our web site www rigelcorp com A short description of user accessible system calls is given below The source code for the system calls is in the file syscalls src and in the appendix at the end of this document ascbin assumes that the contents of the accumulator is hexadecimal digit that is in the interval 0 9 or a f Provided that the accumulator holds a valid hexadecimal character it is converted to binary and returned as the lower nibble of the accumulator The high nibble is cleared to 0000b If the accumulator does not hold a valid hexadecimal character the system error flag errorf is set autoexec checks the RROS system variable if a routine is to be executed after power up The presence of a start up routine is indicated by the routines start address other than 0000h or FFF
6. for the call to this routine input none Output none destroys nothing uses a 100h a6h 5ah 90 decimal 90 11 990 plus 8 gives 998 microseconds microseconds cycles mdelay push acc 2 mov a 0a6h md olp inc a do 3 1 1 D 1 E 1 nop E 1 11 cycles R 1 nop R 1 nop 7 1 jnz md olp 2 nop 1 pop acc 2 ret 2 Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 19 subroutine percent converts 0 ff to 0 99 bcd input byte in accumulator output 0 99 in accumulator destroys a r0 dptr carry flag percent cjne a Offh anotff mov 99h anotff inc a movc ret table of bcd corresponding to the byte db 00h 00h Olh Olh 02h 02h 02h O3h 0 7 do 03h 04h 04h 04h 05h 05h 05n 066 8 f db 06h 07h 07h 07h 08h 08h 09h 09h 10 17 db 09h 10h 10h 11h 11 11 12h 12h 7 18 If db 12h 13h 13h 14h 14h 14h 15h 15h 7 20 27 db 16h 16h 16h 17h 17h 18h 18h 18h 7 28 2f db 19h 19h 20h 20h 20h 21h 21h 21h 7 30 37 db 22h 22h 23h 23h 23h 24h 24h 25h 7 38 3f db 25h 25h 26h 26h 27h 27h 27h 28h 7 40 47 db 28h 29h 29h 29h 30h 30h 30h 31h 48 4f db 31h 32h 32h 32h 33h 33h 34h 34h 50 57 db 34h 35h 35h 36h 36h 36h 37h 37h 7 58 gt S db 37h 38h 38h 39h 39h 39h 40h 40h 7 60 67 db 41h 41h 41h 42h
7. hourly rate of 50 00 Any parts that need to be replaced will be charged as separate items Although Rigel Corporation will test and repair any board it shall not be responsible for malfunctions due to customer errors this includes but is not limited to errors in connecting the board to power or external circuitry Board Kit If you are purchasing a board kit you are assumed to have the skill and knowledge necessary to properly assemble same Please inspect all components and review accompanying instructions If instructions are unclear please return the kit unassembled for a full refund or if you prefer Rigel Corporation will send you an assembled and tested board and bill you the price difference You shall be responsible for shipping costs The foregoing shall apply only where the kit is unassembled In the event the kit is partially assembled a refund will not be available however Rigel Corporation can upon request complete assembly for a fee based on an hourly rate of 50 00 Although Rigel Corporation will replace any defective parts it shall not be responsible for malfunctions due to errors in assembly If you encounter problems with assembly please call Rigel Corporation at 352 373 4629 for advice and instruction In the event a problem cannot be resolved by telephone Rigel Corporation will perform repair work upon request at the foregoing rate of 50 00 per hour Governing Law This agreement and all rights of the respective parties
8. of the command string must be 16 characters or less The command syntax is Letter address address data lt CR gt For example the monitor command X 9261 will display the contents of external memory location 92C1h The command X 9201 92 will display the contents of consecutive memory locations from 92C1h to 92CFh Similarly the command X 92C1 92CF 3F will modify the contents of the memory locations from 92C1h to 92CFh inclusively to 3Fh The contents of these memory locations may be verified to be 3Fh by the command X92C1 92CF The C command is identical to the X command except that code memory is displayed not external data memory Also in the MCS 51 architecture writing to code memory is not allowed If code and external data memory banks are overlapping then code memory can effectively be modified by the X command Overlapping external data and code memory banks is the default architecture of the development boards The C command is only useful if the code and external memory banks are jumper selected to be non overlapping The D command is similar to the X command It displays or modifies internal RAM memory The 8031 contains 128 internal RAM locations and the 8032 256 internal RAM locations Notice that in this case the memory addresses are limited to 2 hexadecimal digits The P command allows viewing or modifying the current state of the processor ports Viewing the state of a port is equivalent to rea
9. shall be governed by the laws of the State of Florida Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation Table of Content 1 THE ROM RESIDENT OPERATING 1 1 2 THE INITIALIZATION 1 1 1 1 3 THE COMMAND 0 550 1 4 GENERAL PURPOSE ROUTINES SYSTEM Ee ee ese ee 3 5 os EV GIESE N N EO N WE RT OE ER EE 7 6 THE INTERRUPT VECTOR TABLE se ee ee ese ee see ee Ee 8 7 DEBUG FUNCTIONS 9 8 HOW BREAKPOINTS ARE 1 0 9 9 HOW TRACING IS 10 10 DEBUGGING WITH AN ASCII 11 APPENDIX SYSTEM CALL SOURCE CODE 12 Copyright 1987 2002 by
10. you are not satisfied with the items purchased prior to usage you may return them to Rigel Corporation within thirty 30 days of your receipt of same and receive a full refund from Rigel Corporation This does not apply to books Books are non returnable Please call 352 373 4629 to receive an RMA Returned Merchandise Authorization number prior to returning product You will be responsible for shipping costs All returns must be made within 30 days of date of invoice and be accompanied by the original invoice number and a brief explanation of the reason for the return Return merchandise in original packaging All returned products are subject to a 15 restocking charge Custom Items are not returnable Repair Policy If you encounter problems with your board or software after the 60 day warranty period please call Rigel Corporation at 352 373 4629 or email tech rigelcorp com for advice and instruction Rigel Corporation will test and attempt to repair any board You will be responsible for shipping costs and repair fees If you send a detailed report of the problems you encountered while operating the board Rigel Corporation will inspect and test your board to determine what the problem is free of charge Rigel Corporation will then contact you with an estimated repair bill You will have the choice of having the board fixed returned to you as is or purchasing a new board at a reduced price Rigel Corporation charges repair fees based on an
11. 2002 by Rigel Corporation 8 RROS refers to the memory block FFOOh to FF18h as the interrupt vector table Notice that with the default configuration the interrupt vector table is in RAM The initialization routine init which is automatically invoked upon reset refreshes the interrupt vector table This routine is available as a system call Init also places long jump instructions at the interrupt vector table For example at location FFOOh corresponding to external interrupt 0 IEO init places the instruction 15mp 500h where 500h is the address of the initialization routine invoked at reset All interrupt vector table entries are similarly initialized with ljmp 500h instructions by the routine init With the interrupt vector table so initialized any acknowledged interrupt jumps to start effectively performing a reset Since the interrupt vector table is in RAM its entries can be modified Say the interrupt service routine isrlEO is written and placed in memory In order to direct IEO to its service routine the instruction ljmp isrlEO is placed in the interrupt vector table starting at location FFOOh Although the interrupt service routine address may be placed in the vector table by move instructions it is more convenient to use the system call setintvec Setintvec is invoked after placing the interrupt service routine address in dptr and the interrupt source from 0 to 11 in the accumulator 7 Debug Functions Debugging a program which h
12. 42h 43h 43h 43h 68 6f db 44h 44h 45h 45h 45h 46h 46h 46h 70 77 db 47h 47h 48h 48h 48h 49h 49h 50h 78 7f db 50h 50h 51h Sih 52h 52h 52h 53h 7 80 87 db 53h 54h 54h 54h 55h 55h 55h 56h 88 8f db 56h 57h 57h 57h 58h 58h 59h 59h 7 90 97 db 59h 60h 60h 61h 61h 61h 62h 62h 7 98 9f db 62h 63h 63h 64h 64h 64h 65h 65h 7 a0 al db 66h 66h 66h 67h 67h 68h 68h 68h a8 af db 69h 69h 70h 7Oh 70h 71h 71h 71h 7 bO 07 db 72h 72h 73h 73h 73h 74h 74h 75h 7 b8 bf db 75h 75h 76h 76h 77h 77h 77h 78h 7 60 c7 db 78h 79h 79h 79h 80h 80h 80h Blh c8 cf db 81h 82h 82h 82h 83h 83h 84h 84h dO 47 db 84h 85h 85h 86h 86h 86h 87h 87h d8 df db 87h 88h 88h 89h 89h 89h 90h 90h e0 db 9th 915 91h 92h 92h 93h 93h 93h 2 e9 ef db 94h 94h 95h 95h 95h 96h 96h 96h 0 7 db 97h 97h 98h 98h 98h 99h 99h 99h 7 8 ff Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 20 subroutine print print takes the string immediately following the call and sends it out the serial port the string must be terminated with a null this routine will ret to the instruction immediately following the string print pop dph put return address in dptr pop dpl lcall prtstr print string and update dptr mov a 41h point to instruction after string jmp atdptr return subroutine
13. 99998 microseconds microseconds cycles push acc A 2 mov a 91h 1 FA lcall mdelay lcall mdelay lcall mdelay lcall mdelay lcall mdelay lcall mdelay lcall mdelay loop takes 9008 microseconds lcall mdelay lcall mdelay nop nop nop nop nop jnz sd 610 mov a 33h 1 djnz acc sd_ilp loop takes 2 33h 66h 102 dec pop acc 2 ret 2 22 subroutine setintvec set interrupt vector input a contains interrupt source 0 11 dptr contains isr address Output none destroys a dptr setintvec push dpl push isr address push dph anl a just to be sure rl a multiply by 4 rl a mov dph 0ffh ram vector table mov dpl a dptr points to vector table mov 2 ljmp instruction movx dptr a inc dptr pop acc pop isr address high byte movx dptr a inc dptr pop acc pop isr address low byte movx dptr a new int vector placed ret subroutine sndchr sndchr scon 1 clear the tx buffer full flag mov sbuf a put chr in sbuf txloop jnb scon l txloop wait till chr is sent ret Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 23 this routine takes the chr in the acc and sends it out the serial port The following not part of the system ROM To use include them in your source code subroutine kbdclrw clear keyboard and wait for keypressed input none
14. Fh placed after location Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 4 480h If an autoexec routine exists the message hit any key to abort is sent out the serial port If no char acters are received from the serial port a long jump performed to the start up routine If no such routine is present or if a character is received through the serial port within 2 seconds of the abort message control is turned over to the RROS command processor The program status word PSW may be affected binasc converts the low nibble of the accumulator to a hexadecimal character in the range 0 9 or A F The high nibble is ignored The program status word PSW may be affected beep sends a bell character ASCII 7 to the host through the serial port No registers are affected break compares the contents of the accumulator to the break character ASCII 3 Ctrl C If the accumulator holds the break character control is passed back to the RROS command processor The program status word PSW may be affected chkbrk reads a character from the serial port and compares it to the break character ASCII 3 If equal control is passed back to the monitor command processor The program status word PSW may be affected cret outputs a carriage return ASCII ODh through the serial port The accumulator a is affected crif outputs a carriage return ASCII ODh followed by a line feed character ASCII OAh through the serial port The accumul
15. RROS ROM RESIDENT OPERATING SYSTEM User s Manual RIGEL CORPORATION P O Box 90040 Gainesville Florida 352 373 4629 FAX 352 373 1786 www rigelcorp com tech rigelcorp com Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation Legal Notice All rights reserved No part of this document may be reproduced stored a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Rigel Corporation The abbreviation PC used throughout this guide refers to the IBM Personal Computer or its compatibles IBM PC is a trademark of International Business Machines Inc MS Windows is a trademark of Microsoft Inc Information in this document is provided solely to enable use of Rigel products Rigel assumes no liability whatsoever including infringement of any patent or copyright for sale and use of Rigel products except as provide in Rigel s Customer Agreement for such products Rigel Corporation makes no warranty for the use of its products and assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document nor does it make a commitment to update the information contained herein Rigel retains the right to make changes to these specifications at any time without notice Contact Rigel Corporation or your Distributor to obtain the latest specifications before placing your order Copyrig
16. Rigel Corporation 1 THE ROM RESIDENT OPERATING SYSTEM RROS manages the prototyping board and cooperates with Reads RROS has a command processor which can be accessed by an ASCII terminal or by the PC running a terminal emulator The Reads is an intelligent interface with the board which has hot keys that invoke several RROS commands to accomplish higher level tasks Many of the RROS routines are available as user accessible system calls The ROM resident firmware consists of 6 major components An initialization routine A command processor User accessible system calls System variables Interrupt Vectors Debug utilities OF aub o Nc Each of these components is explained below 2 The Initialization Routine This is a short routine that is invoked at power up or when the reset button on the board is pressed The following actions are taken disable interrupts Set stack pointer to 4Fh stack will start at 50h initialize hardware select register bank 0 set the interrupt vector table at FFOOh initialize system software flags initialize the serial port to run at 9600 Baud with parameters 8 bits no parity and 1 stop bit 3 The Command Processor The system will branch to the command processor if no auto exec routine is present The monitor commands are grouped under 12 single letter commands One or more of these commands are issued by Reads while interacting with the board These commands may also be given by an ASCII terminal The
17. The accumulator a is affected mdelay and sdelay execute dummy loops for timing purposes The period from when mdelay is called to its return is exactly 1 millisecond Routine sdelay takes exactly one second from its call to its return These delay routines are exact only when a 12Mhz system clock is used and when there are no interrupt routines in the background os return turns control over to the monitor Since the monitor resets the stack to 4fh either a call or a jump instruction may be used to branch to the monitor percent converts the binary fraction in the accumulator to the binary coded decimal BCD fraction in the interval 0 99 For example the binary value 80h is converted to 50 BCD The BCD value is returned in the accumulator This routine uses a look up table for speedy execution rather than computing the BCD value Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 5 print and prtstr send a string of characters out through the serial port Print and prtstr use the accumulator a and the data pointer dptr The string to be sent can be of arbitrary length provided that it terminates with the null character 0 Prtstr sends a null terminated string pointed to by dptr Prtstr is useful if a string in a table of strings such as error messages is to be printed The routine print assumes that the string immediately follows the call to print It is appropriate when the message is embedded in code An example is given be
18. arized address use 20h software flags Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 7 30h 3Fh command line buffer 42h 47h buffer for command parameters 48h 4Ch buffer for break parameters 50h stack RROS does not place more than 16 bytes on stack Some important system information is placed at low addresses of ROM The jump table associated with user accessible system calls is located starting at 100h ROM locations 400h to 47Fh are reserved for system constants For example the ROM version and date is coded as two words 2 bytes each at locations 400h and 402h respectively Below is the list of system constants available to the user address use 400h ROM program version e g 0103h refers to version 1 3 402h ROM program date e g 1091h refers to October 1991 404h Contains the end of ROM based program Application programs may be placed in EPROM above this address If the board is to emulate an autonomous embedded controller rather than branching to the monitor program at reset control is given to an application program In this case the starting address of the application program is placed at locations 480h and 481h 481h containing the high byte of the start address If this address is FFFFh the initialization routine branches to the monitor If this address is 0000h the next word at locations 402h and 403h is checked Similarly if this word contains an address other than FFFFh or 0000h a long jump is made to that add
19. as been loaded in RAM may be accomplished by the monitor functions B and K However the powerful debugging environment of READ is in most cases the preferred way to debug assembly programs Debugging a program through the use of monitor commands is initiated by selecting a break point in the program The command B followed by the address of the break point sets the break point The break point should be placed at the first byte of an instruction The break point may only be placed at a RAM location The K command removes or kills the break point RROS provides minimal debugging utilities through a submenu when an ASCII terminal is being used Debugging utilities constitute a major portion of RROS There are two basic modes of debugging setting break points and tracing sometimes referred to as single stepping Each of these modes have advantages and disadvantages Debugging is geared more toward software development In terms of hardware de bugging although the debugger offers much help it cannot track real time operation issues such as external hardware interrupts Such situations call for an in circuit emulator 8 How Breakpoints are Handled A breakpoint is set by replacing three bytes the byte at the break point and the following two bytes by a long jump instruction to the break point handler routine in the system ROM The break point address is stored in internal RAM locations labeled pbuffr and pbuffr 1 The three bytes removed from code a
20. ator a is affected delay executes a dummy loop to suspend the execution nn milliseconds where nn is the contents of the accumulator display converts the low nibble of the accumulator to the corresponding seven segment display pattern Upon return the accumulator holds the 7 bits 0 corresponding to segment a and acc 6 segment 0 The bits are cleared if the corresponding segment is to be lit Thus the pattern will drive the common anode seven segment displays on the RMB S getbyt waits to receive 2 characters 2 bytes from the serial port If the characters are valid hexadecimal digits 0 9 A F then the ASCII represented byte is converted to binary and placed in the accumulator a The accumulator a and the b register b are affected getchr getchrx wait for a character to be received through the serial port The character is then returned in the accumulator a Routine getchr clears the most significant bit of the character byte whereas getchrx returns all 8 bits init invokes the initialization routine which initializes the interrupt vector table sets the stack to 4fh clears software flags and sets the serial communications to 9600 Baud 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity bits It affects the accumulator rO and dptr inkey peeks at the serial port to see if a character has been received If so the character is returned in the accumulator a If not a null 0 is returned in the accumulator a
21. c a movc ret do OcOh 0 db O 9h ed db Oa4h 2 do O0bOh 3 db 99h 4 db 92h 45 db 82h 6 db Of8h 7 db 80h 8 do 90h 9 db 88h a db 83h b db Ocoh c db Oalh d db 86h db 8eh f Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 16 subroutine getbyt this routine reads in an 2 digit ascii hex number from the serial port the result is returned in the acc getbyt lcall getchr getchr jnb ri getchr mov a sbuf anl a 7fh getchrx jnb ri getchrx mov sbuf lcall ascbin swap a mov b a lcall getchr lcall ascbin orl a b ret get msb conv it move to Save in get lsb conv it combine ascii chr to binary most sig half of acc b ascii chr to binary two halves subroutine getchr this routine reads in a chr in the accumulator from the serial port and saves it clr ri ret wait till character received get character mask off 8th bit clear serial status bit subroutine getchrx this routine reads in a chr from the serial port and saves it in the acc clearing the most significant bit it differs from getchr by not Gir ors ret wait till character received get character clear serial status bit Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 17 subroutin input output destroys e inkey peeks at
22. ding the port as an input port Modifying the port contents outputs a byte to the port The 8031 and 8032 have 4 ports Notice that ports O and 2 are used by the processor for memory address and data busses In addition 4 bits of Port 3 are used by the system Bits of Port 3 P3 0 and P3 1 are used Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 2 by the serial port as the receive data and transmit data lines P3 6 P3 7 are used accessing memory as the write and read control lines Modifying bits P3 0 and P3 1 may affect the current data being transferred between the host and the board Application programs should not write to ports O or 2 or bits P3 6 or P3 7 of Port 3 The G and L commands are used to down load a program into RAM and run this program The L command puts the board into a receive mode The program should then be sent to the board in the Intel Hex format Once downloading is complete the program may be run by the G command The parameter that follows the G command is the starting point of the program Notice that several programs may be loaded into RAM each one run by a G command followed by its starting address The details of the down load and run process are hidden from the user when Reads is used The R command displays the contents of the 4 register banks and the accumulator a the b register b the program status word psw the data pointer dptr the stack pointer sp and the program counter pc The comman
23. ds B and K are used in debugging Their use is described in the following sections Again the details of their use are hidden from the user when Reads is used The H command displays the help screen summarizing the available monitor commands 4 General Purpose Routines System Calls The ROM resident firmware contains many general purpose subroutines that can be called by user written programs Some of these subroutines are used by the system in carrying out the monitor functions The system calls are classified by their function below Function Subroutine Names Serial Communication chkbrk beep cret crif getbyt getchr getchrx inkey print prthex prsphx prtstr sndchr System break delay init mdelay os return sdelay setintvec Miscellaneous ascbin binasc display percent Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 3 Access to these routines is provided through a jump table located in low ROM memory application program can call these routines by name if the following header of equate pseudo ops is included in the application program System calls registers used ascbin equ 0100h a r2 error flag autoexec equ 0103h beep equ 0106h none binasc equ 0109h a break equ O1 0Ch 3 a reads accumulator chkbrk equ 010Fh a reads serial port cret equ 0112h a equ 0115h a delay equ 0118h a display equ O11Bh a getbyt equ OllEh a b getchr equ 0121 getchrx
24. e following submenu items are available displays the contents of the 256 internal RAM locations R displays the 4 register banks along with the accumulator the b register the stack pointer the data pointer and the program counter F displays the Special Function Registers Notice that of the 128 special function registers displayed not all are used by the processor S shows the stack pointer C removes the break point and continues the program N removes the break point and sets a new break point at the address which should follow the N command For example N8200 sets the new break point at address 8200h T branches to the trace utility Trace places a break point at the next instruction Thus by repeatedly issuing the T command one may single step through the program At each step the programmer may examine the state of the processor Only instructions in RAM can be traced Thus T skips over any ROM resident subroutine or user accessible system call which it encounters M aborts the program and returns control to the monitor command processor Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 11 Appendix System Call Source Code System Calls Copyright Rigel Corporation 1990 subroutine ascbin this routine takes the ascii character passed to it in the acc and converts it to a 4 bit binary number which is returned in the acc ascbin add a 0d0h if chr 30 then error jnc notnum clr
25. e to any other rights Rigel Corporation may cancel this Agreement If Rigel Corporation cancels this Agreement you must remove and destroy all copies of these Products If you acquired this Product in the United States of America this Agreement is governed by the laws of the Great State of Florida If this Product was acquired outside the United States of America all pertinent international treaties apply Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation HARDWARE WARRANTY Limited Warranty Rigel Corporation warrants for a period of sixty 60 days from your receipt that READS software RROS hardware assembled boards and hardware unassembled components shall be free of substantial errors or defects in material and workmanship which will materially interfere with the proper operation of the items purchased If you believe such an error or defect exists please call Rigel Corporation at 352 373 4629 to see whether such error or defect may be corrected prior to returning items to Rigel Corporation Rigel Corporation will repair or replace at its sole discretion any defective items at no cost to you and the foregoing shall constitute your sole and exclusive remedy in the event of any defects in material or workmanship Although Rigel Corporation warranty covers 60 days Rigel shall not be responsible for malfunctions due to customer errors this includes but is not limited to errors in connecting the board to power or external circuitry This wa
26. ecution resumes from the break point address Since IEO is already active the program jumps to its interrupt service routine after executing one instruction The interrupt service routine pops the return address which points to the next instruction and places a new break point at the next instruction It Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 10 then deactivates IEO restores the interrupt service routine and returns Of course now the instruction upon return is a long jump to the break point handler Effectively the processor has executed one instruction and has returned to the break point handler The following must be observed when using the trace option 1 IEO and P3 2 must not be used by the program 2 The interrupt service routine inspects the return address and inserts a break point only if the return address is in RAM 8000h FFFFh Thus tracing will not single step through ROM Since at each trace instruction the system returns to the break point handler the user interface is identical to using break points 10 Debugging with an ASCII Terminal A break point is set from the monitor prompt using the Bxxxx command and the program run by the Gxxxx command using an ASCII terminal or the R Host terminal emulator When the break point is encountered the registers followed by a submenu are displayed sent to the terminal by the ROM Resident Operating System RROS The submenu items are selected by single letter commands Th
27. gel Corporation to find out if a licensing fee applies before using these Products You may install and use an unlimited number of copies of these Products You may store copies of these Products on a storage device or a network for your own use You may not reproduce and distribute these Products to other parties by electronic means or over computer or communication networks You may not transfer these Products to a third party You may not rent lease or lend these Products You may not modify disassemble reverse engineer or translate these Products These Products are provided by Rigel Corporation as is with all faults In no event shall Rigel Corporation be liable for any damages whatsoever including without limitation damages for loss of business profits business interruption loss of business information or other pecuniary loss arising out of the use of or inability to use the Product even if Rigel Corporation has been advised of the possibility of such damages Because some states do not allow the exclusion or limitations of consequential or incidental damages the above limitations may not apply to you Rigel Corporation makes no claims as to the applicability or suitability of these Products to your particular use application or implementation Rigel Corporation reserves all rights not expressly granted to you in this Agreement If you do not abide by or violate the terms and conditions of this Agreement without prejudic
28. ht 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation Rigel Corporation s Software License Agreement This Software License Agreement Agreement covers all software products copyrighted to Rigel Corporation including but not limited to Reads51 rLib51 RbHost RitaBrowser FLASH rChpSim Reads166 and rFLI This Agreement is between an individual user or a single entity and Rigel Corporation It applies to all Rigel Corporation software products These Products Products includes computer software and associated electronic media or documentation online or otherwise Our software help files examples and related text files may be used without fee by students faculty and staff of academic institutions and by individuals for non commercial use For distribution rights and all other users including corporate use please contact Rigel Corporation PO Box 90040 Gainesville FL 32607 or e mail tech rigelcorp com Terms and Conditions of the Agreement 1 10 11 These Products are protected by copyright laws intellectual property laws and international treaties Rigel Corporation owns the title copyright and all other intellectual property rights in these Products We grant you a personal non transferable and non exclusive license to use the Products These Products are not transferred to you given away to you or sold to you Non commercial use These Products are licensed to you free of charge Commercial use You must contact Ri
29. is initialized to 4Fh so that the first byte pushed is placed in internal location 50h Stack does not grow beyond 16 bytes 50h 5Fh when the monitor functions or the host mode debugging functions are used The bottom of stack may be set anywhere in internal ram by a user program The bit addressable internal RAM location 20h is used by the system to hold various software flags Notice that the individual bits of internal RAM 20h have addresses 0 to 7 0 being the least significant bit of 20h use of each software flag is shown below bi flag name use 0 dash set if a dash was detected in the command line 1 equal set if an equal sign was detected in the command line 2 break set if a break point is in effect 3 error Set when an error is encountered 4 interrupt saves the status of EA EAL during debug 5 host set when host mode debugging is selected 6 trace used internally by the trace routine during debugging 7 reserved for future use Internal RAM locations 30h to 3Fh are used by the command line processor to save the command line The parameters extracted from the command line are stored in binary in internal RAM locations 42h to 47h Internal RAM locations 48h to 4Ch are used by the debug routine Specifically location 48h and 49h hold the break point address low and high bytes during debugging The debug routine returns command to the application program a long jump to the address stored in 49h 49h Internal memory use is now summ
30. low lcall print db Hello Everybody ODh OAh 0 The define byte db pseudo op allocates 18 bytes the code memory immediately following the long call instruction The first 15 bytes are filled with the ASCII codes of the letters of Hello Everybody The following 3 bytes contain the ASCII codes for carriage return ODh line feed OAh and the null character 0 which indicates the end of the string The carriage return and line feed will start a new line after the string Hello Everybody has been displayed prthex and prsphx convert the binary value of the accumulator into 2 hexadecimal digits Prsphx and prthex then send these two ASCII digits high digit first out through the serial port Before termination prsphx sends a space ASCII 20h out through the serial port These routine use the accumulator a and register R2 during the binary to hexadecimal conversion setintvec modifies the interrupt vector table so that interrupt source from 0 to 11 indicated by the value of the accumulator a is directed to the interrupt service routine whose starting address is held in the data pointer dptr See Section 5 6 for a detailed description of the interrupt vector table Except for the two registers a and dptr and the program status word psw setintvec does not affect any registers The 14 interrupt sources of the 80537 are listed below The other microcontrollers have a subset of these interrupt sources Source number
31. monitor commands are grouped according to their function and listed below Function Monitor Commands Read Modify Data X C D R Read Modify Special Function Registers P Load Execute Program L G Debug Miscellaneous H The list of monitor commands is displayed with the H command while the monitor program is in effect The H command displays the following table B sets Break point at address xxxx C XXXX XXXX displays Code memory D XX XX displays internal Data ram Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation D xx nn modifies internal Data ram D xx xx nn fills a block of internal Data ram G XXXX Go starts executing at address xxxx H Help displays monitor commands K Kills removes break point L down Loads Intel hex file into memory Px displays data on Port x P x nn modifies data on Port x to nn R displays the contents of the Registers S displays Special function register addresses 5 XX XX displays Special function registers S xx nn modifies Special function registers S xx xx nn fills Special function registers X XXXX XXXX displays eXternal memory X xxxx nn modifies eXternal memory X xxxx xxxx nn fills eXternal memory A single letter command may be followed by up to 3 parameters The parameters must be entered as hexadecimal numbers Each x above represents a hexadecimal digit characters 0 9 A F Intermediate spaces are ignored Alphabetic characters are converted to upper case The length
32. prtstr this routine takes the string pointed to by the data pointer and sends it out the serial port the string must be terminated with a null prtstr clr a set offset 0 move atdptr get chr from code memory cjne 0h mchrok if chr ff then return ret mchrok lcall sndchr send character inc dptr point at next character ljmp prtstr loop till end of string subroutine prthex this routine takes the contents of the acc and prints it out aS a 2 digit ascii hex number prthex lcall binasc convert acc to ascii lcall sndchr print first ascii hex digit mov a r2 get second ascii hex digit lcall sndchr Pcprcnt dt ret Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 21 subroutine prsphx this routine first prints a spac the acc and prints it out as a 2 digit ascii then takes the contents of hex number prsphx mov mov lcall mov 2 a a 20h sndchr a r2 lcall prthex ret Save acc in r2 print space recall acc print it subroutine sdelay second delay delays for 999998 microseconds 2 microseconds are reserved for the call to this routine input none Output none destroys nothing uses a 100n 91n 6fh 111 decimal 9008 plus plus sdelay sd olp sd ilp Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation EL 999888 102 from second loop 8 gives 9
33. re stored in pbuffr 2 pbuffr 3 and pbuffr 4 Actually there are two break point handlers one to be used in conjunction with the IDS and the other with an ASCII terminal Host mode debugging that is using the break point handler that works with the IDS is more powerful than the ASCII terminal mode Both modes let the user view the internal data RAM The host mode also allows viewing external memory and modifying internal or external memory The break point han dler in either debugging mode invokes submenus The following must be observed when setting a break point 1 The break point must coincide with the first byte of an instruction in RAM Copyright 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 9 2 The program should not make a jump to the byte 1 or BP 2 where BP is the break point address Point 1 does not pose any restrictions It is advisable to first obtain a list file from the assembler and then pick appropriate break points Although very infrequently point 2 may require some additional care in placing break points just before labels Consider the following example address instruction mnemonic 8100 16 dec r0 begin 8101 7405 mov a 5 8110 80EF sjmp begin if a break point is set at 8100 the three bytes at 8100 8101 and 8102 will be modified to hold a long jump to the break point handler routine say at address xxxx That is the byte 16h at 8100 will be modified to 02 and the word 7405 will hold xxxx Once the
34. ress This convention allows an auto exec routine to be installed by placing its starting address at 401h 400h or removed by placing 0000 at 401h 400h Once zeros are burnt into the EPROM a new autoexec routine may be installed by placing its starting address at 403h 402h This allows for up to 64 such installations since ROM locations 480h to 4FFh are set aside for autoexec routine addresses 6 The Interrupt Vector Table The 8032 80535 and 80537 have 6 12 and 14 interrupt sources respectively Each interrupt source when acknowledged causes a long jump to a fixed location in code memory The address of this location is re ferred to as an interrupt vector The interrupt sources and the corresponding vectors are listed below The interrupt vectors point to low ROM addresses The 5 redirects these interrupts by placing long jump structions at the interrupt vector addresses in low ROM Source Vector Redirected to 8052 80535 80537 IEO 0003h FFOOh x x x TFO 000Bh FFO4h x x x IE1 0013h FFO8h x x x TF1 001Bh FFOCh x x x RI O TI O 0023h FF10h x x x TF2 EXF2 002Bh FF14h x x x IADC 0043h FF18h x x IEX2 004Bh FF1Ch x x IEX3 0053h FF20h x x IEX4 005Bh FF24h x x IEX5 0063h FF28h x x IEX6 006Bh FF2Ch x x RI1 TI1 0083h FF30h x CTF 009B FF34h x The system ROM at location 0003h for example contains the instruction limp FFOOh Similarly the other interrupt vectors are redirected by long jump instructions Copyright 1987
35. rranty does not apply to products which have been subject to misuse including static discharge neglect accident or modification or which have been soldered or altered during assembly and are not capable of being tested DO NOT USE PRODUCTS SOLD BY RIGEL CORPORATION AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS Products sold by Rigel Corporation are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness THE LIMITED WARRANTIES SET FORTH HEREIN ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE YOU ASSUME ALL RISKS AND LIABILITY FROM OPERATION OF ITEMS PURCHASED AND RIGEL CORPORATION SHALL IN NO EVENT BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES CAUSED BY USE OR PERFORMANCE FOR LOSS PROFITS PERSONAL INJURY OR FOR ANY OTHER INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RIGEL CORPORATION S LIABILITY SHALL NOT EXCEED THE COST OF REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT OF DEFECTIVE ITEMS IF THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY ARE UNACCEPTABLE TO YOU YOU SHOULD RETURN ALL ITEMS PURCHASED TO RIGEL CORPORATION PRIOR TO USE Return Policy This policy applies only when product purchased directly from Rigel Corporation If
36. s gwinit init line buffer count pointer if line length 15 then error read in chr save in rl if del then del if back space then del do not back up over prompt backspace send a space backspace dec line buffer pointer recall cha if alphabetic then then make upper cas save chr in line buffer compute address 25 mov a mov mov r0 a lcall sndchr inc r4 cjne rl 0 gw0 mov a lcall sndchr mov a r4 X cjne lh gwok ljmp gwerr ret gwok mov r0 lbuffr 1 read in parameter 1 ro mov a 6 0 cjne a Odh gw2 2 ljmp gwerr ret H gw2 cjne a 20h gw3 A sjmp 441 gw3 mov pbuffr lcall getparx i jnb errorf gwret gwerr ret setb errorf lcall subbadpar gwret pop 6 pop 5 pop 4 pop 3 pop psw ret Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation get chr echo character point to next location in buffer if not cr then return if chr cr then line feed and do normal ret if cr only then error point before first chr in line buffer point to next location in line buffer get chr from line buffer if cr then end return on error if chr space then loop parameter 0 get parameter from line buffer 26
37. serial port no wait if chr present then accumulator returns chr else accumulator is 00 null inkey mov jnb mov anl CET doneik ret a 1001 ri donei a sbuf a 7fh ri k subroutine this routine intializes the init hardware on the 8051 lut transfer m m i i c o e with a 11 for 9600 B mov mov mov mov ret OV psw ov dptr ov p2 ov 10 ovx a ovx dptr nc roO nc dptr jne 0 1 1 1 1 dashf equal break hostf EE 059 Mhz aud tmod tcon thi scon select 1060 point to interrupt vector table offset high byte offset into stored rom vector table transfer 0h 2 int0 n ofsthi 80h 0 r a Oafh transfer ini f ini f ini gt GENI rystal 20h 41h Ofdh 50h rom interrupt vector LADLE Oui ram af 80 2f tialize software flag tialize software flag tialize software flag tialize software flag set up serial port use timer 1 as the Baud rate generator Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation set run set set and timer 1 for auto reload mode 2 timer 1 and set edge trig ints timer 1 for 9600 baud with xtal 12mhz serial control reg for 8 bit data mode 1 18 subroutine mdelay millisecond delay delays for 998 microseconds 2 microseconds are reserved
38. stack push 0 lsb of start up program push 1 msb of start up program ret effectively jumps to prog ax dn ret ax 1 inc ljmp dptr ax 0 Ssubroutine beep input none output g bell 7 sent to serial port destroys a push mov a 7 lcall sndchr pop acc ret Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 13 subroutine binasc binasc takes the contents of the accumulator and converts it into two ascii hex numbers accumulator and r2 the result is returned in the binasc 31 noadj2 mov anl add jnc add add xch swap anl add jnc add add ret E27 a a Ofh a Of6h 31 07h a 3ah a r2 a a Ofh a Of6h noadj2 a 07h a 3ah Save in r2 convert least sig digit adjust it if a f then readjust make ascii put result in reg 2 convert most sig digit look at least sig half of acc adjust it if a f then re adjust make ascii subroutine ch kbrk this routine checks for the break key if it is found control is passed bac k to the main monitor loop chkbrk break nobrk jnb mov clr nobrk sbuf 03h nobrk lcall print db Odh Oah break ljmp ret return Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation if no chr then return get chr from serial port reset r
39. x status bit if cnt c then print break 000h return to monitor else normal return 14 Subroutine crlf crlf sends carriage return line feed out the serial port crlf mov a 0ah print 1 lcall sndchr cret mov 0dh cr lcall sndchr ret subroutine delay millisecond delay E accumulator holds microseconds to delay 2 microseconds are reserved for the call to this routine input milliseconds to delay in accumulator Output none destroys nothing uses a 100h a6h 5ah 90 decimal nU90 1 990 plus 10 gives 1 millisecond microsecond E microseconds cycles delay dec a 1 618 push acc 2 mov a 0a6h 1 d ilp inc a 1 X 1 nop 1 nop 1 nop 1 nop zu acc 1 nop R 1 cycles msec nop 1 1 jnz d 118 2 27 1 nop 1 1 2 djnz 2 need to wait 998 microseconds more Copyright 0 1987 2002 by Rigel Corporation 15 mov a 1 d 1p2 inc a 1 nop R 1 nop R 1 nop 1 1 1 cycles nop R 1 nop Jrz d 1p2 2 d nop R 1 nop R 1 nop R 1 nop di 1 2 subroutine display display string input nibble in accumulator output 7 segment pattern in accumulator acc 0 is segment a acc 6 is segment g destroys a display in
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