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Kayzero for Windows Manual,first draft

1. 61 4 2 4 Material composition input eese 63 4 2 5 Calculation of the effective solid angles for the reference position seseeseeseeeen ne 65 4 2 6 Calculation of the effective solid angles and coincidence correction factors ssseussesse 66 4 2 1 Printing the input and result data 67 4 2 8 Efficiency curve and Coincidence correction factors 68 4 2 9 Showing all available input and result files 11 AO io iila aro PEU UU TM 15 4 4 Reference efficiency and peak to total ratio curve fitting 19 4 4 1 Fit reference efficiency or PTT curve 19 4 4 2 Saving fitted data in KAYZERO data file 83 4 4 3 Comparing stored reference efficiency fit or peak to total ratio fit data with measured data 84 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 85 5 1 Detector Calibration ccccccccccsecceeceeteeceeeseeceeeeeeasenseseeeaaes 85 9 2 Gombparator Factors serite a a aiiin 90 5 3 Reactor Calibration Data seeeeeeeeeeeeeeene 92 6 Reference Guide uisi iet ie ner rex Vois a Cociv sa vr Eres epa E 93 6 1 Monitor Analysis Menu ccccccscceeceseceeceeceesaseceeseeseeeeeees 93 6 1 1 Calculate f and alpha using the Zirconium method 93 6 1 2 Calculate f and alpha using
2. eeseeeeeeeeeeeee 16 Interference Correction ccccccecceceeeceeeeeceeceeeeeceeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeteeees 17 Weighted Mean Concentrations eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 18 Appendix 4 Mass Absorption Coefficients 19 Appendix 5 Matrix Interpolation Vials 20 IJensity InterpolellODL usano cen heit vut a e Nader dienes 20 Matrix Interpolation cccceccecsececeeseeeeteeseteeceseecetseseeseceeeseeaeteeaes 21 Appendix 6 Parameters 22 Calculation Paramlelets as cao ria ea sou TA Rn REIR RR Nub Pod e 22 LIME AEST LOT S annsi t Du es eaa wv vEP Ia EEE 24 Appendix 7 KAYZERO Library Full listing 25 Appendix 8 KAYZERO Library Gamma line listing 30 Contents iii 1 Introduction Kayzero for Windows is a program that helps the Neutron Activation Analyst in evaluating measured gamma ray spectra In principle Kayzero for Windows provides a list of concentrations and or detection limits for all measurable elements in a sample based on input consisting of sample data irradiation data and measuring data Kayzero for Windows calculates concentrations using the ko standardization method according to De Corte and Simonits The method involves extensive calculations and the use of large data files The Kayzero for Windows user is expected to be familiar with gammaspectroscopy NAA and the
3. Crystal Radius mm 380 Height mr E0860 Cavity Core Radius mm 4 000 Height mm appn Vacuum Gap mm 5280 Pulse Shaping us 4 000 Absorbers Material Density kg m3 Thickness mm Contact Layer o0 onn Source Support PMMA 0 eno 2300 0 Detector Can Copper es 0000 050 Top Dead Layer Germanium 5550000 0780 Other hin oon 1000 Platform Number of positions E Reference Position 7 Positions 2 3 4 F b f B 4 10 Distance A mm 0 000 51 500 142 250 258 000 348 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 Ar layer between can and top of the source platform mm 2 000 Energies Number af Energies i r E Energy keV 40 0 50 0 60 0 Bn 100 0 150 0 200 0 300 0 400 0 500 0 600 0 800 0 1000 0 1500 0 2000 0 3000 0 3500 0 x m 23 04 2004 20 25 32 Figure 4 6 Detector and source holder dimensions Cavity Inert core the single open ended detector type 1 has a core and the hyperpure detector type 3 has a cavity with a contact layer Chapter 4 SolCoi 58 fg Enter a material composition l E x Select Material Germanium Chemical Formula OF Cancel Figure 4 7 Material Composition Input entering a predefined material showing the drop down list You have to enter the composition and density of the materials of which the de
4. ioj x ory Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help m Orders Overview Data Peak Table Data Results Per Gamma One Measurement Samples Per Gamma Several Measurements Monitors Mean per Radioisotope several measurements Mean per Radioisotope Final Report Figure 3 31 Reports Results menu NOTE The concentration can be expressed in ng g or mg kg and the format of the concentration figure can be scientific notation or a fixed notation with a number of decimal places see Appendix 6 PRINT PARAMETERS or Tools Options Results Per gamma One Measurement Comparator factors and concentrations per gamma can be printed per measurement using this option For this purpose an intermediate menu will appear enabling you to select Samples or Monitors see Figure 3 32 After selecting Samples you can enter the order identification sample identification and measurement or wildcards Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 38 fa REPORT CONCENTRATIONS per MEASUREMENT 551 Ioj x Order identification or DEMO W Interference Correction Sample identification or T vw Isotope Identification Measurement identification or ScKrvit Figure 3 32 Input for Reports Results Per Gamma One Measurement Samples The output of this option will be a list of measured gamma lines which the system has been able to match with the KAYZERO Library see Figure 3 33 These gammas are called the explain
5. 9 SUME aUe ET UU TM 9 3 2 Evaluating a Neutron Activation Analysis 11 9 9 MONIO EOS cestostan inet dte E Seu ub m NM Seo ES e d I nun 12 3 3 1 MONIKON FUO Mee UTC EER EREA een 12 3 3 2 Entering Monitor Data ossea na eas 13 dis Peak SUmimalloliasssasbesia eon diea ctett eio Y iE ERE UTD N 20 3 3 4 calc UE AUG M a EP ENSE REOR NR 22 3 9 9 PONURO n c 23 3 4 Determination of the Element Concentrations 26 3 4 1 ORGS FD Ul RERO ONT 26 3 4 2 Entering Measurement Data 2f 3 4 3 Calculating the Element Concentrations 35 3 4 4 Printing the Element Concentrations 38 3 5 Select reject analytical gamma lines blank correction fission correction and reaction interfering correction 43 GS MEME Mice HEN EE T ES 50 3 6 1 Select Samples and Elements for Order Report 50 3 6 2 Print Order ING OOM iruin aa 51 zr 53 Contents I 4 1 General procedure sessssseseeee eene nnn 54 4 2 Effective Solid Angle and Coincidence Correction Factor CANCUN QUIE assise actertundee st Cunt atviat oma Accordi ime rH DUE incu Ut NU SUPERNE 55 4 2 1 Data input and calculations sse 99 4 2 2 Data input for a detector source holder combination 56 4 2 3 Data input for a source geometry
6. Lu NN 1000 Aavzero for kindas 10000 mi x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools window Help x Data Honitor Heas Sub Cd Tso Er 0 Depi Fcad AU1538 607 1 607 1C Au 198 5 650F 0 1 570F 1 1 000E 0 49 910E 1 CORB 607 1 607 1C C o 60 1 360E 2 1 993E 0 9 610E 1 1 000E 0 HH56 607 1 607 10D Hn 56 4 680F 2 1 053E 0 1 000E 0 1 000E 0 MO101 607 1 607 1C Mo 101 6 720E 2 1 880E 1 1 000E 0 1 000E 0 HF239 607 1 607 1C Hp 233 1 690F 1 1 034F 2 1 000E 0 1 000E 0 PA 33 607 1 607 1C Pa 233 5 440E 1 1 15 0E 1 1 000E 0 1 000E 0 TC939HM 607 1 607 1C Tc 99m 2 410E 2 5 310E 1 1 000E 0 1 000E 0 ZH65 607 1 607 1C zZn amp b5 2 560E 3 1 906F 0 1 0 00E 0 1 000E 0 Tso Er logiT d Ratio sds f Au 198 5 650E 0 1 202E 0 2 034E 0 5 331E 1 1 646E 1 lo 60 1 360E 2 1 147E 0 8 427E 0 4 544E 1 1 537E 1 Hn 5S6 4 BB ETZ 1 150E 0 1 488E 1 1 920E 0 1 583E 1 Mo 101 6 20E 2 1 247E 0 1 942E 0 2 319E 1 1 994E 1 Np 2 39 1 690EF 1 1 0 0E 0 3 320E 1 2 807E 1 8 678E 1 Pa 233 5 440E 1 1 209E 0 2 411E 0 2 195E 1 1 744E 1 Tc 99m 410E 2 1 227E 0 1 318E 0 5 125E 1 1 866E 1 zZn amp 55 2 S60E 3 1 101E 0 7 7 782E 0 5 039E 1 1 4593E 1 16 490 adi f 0 72 H 7 Least square fit results alfa found by solving implicit function alpha 0 02386 sd ialpha f 17 28347 ade 0 0 08974 57144 Figure 6 6 Print of Cd ratio multi monitor f and alpha determinati
7. OF Cancel Figure 4 15 Input screen for reference effective solid angle calculation Before the calculation is performed the estimated computation time is displayed If a computation has already been performed it will only be recalculated if the data of the source or the detector have been modified Chapter 4 SolCoi 65 4 2 6 Calculation of the effective solid angles and coincidence correction factors Using Option Calculate you can calculate effective solid angles and coincidence correction factors Figure 4 16 If you enter detector names and source names the calculations can be performed It is also possible to give a wildcard at the sources input field Ten detector source combinations can be entered The expected calculation time will be displayed before the calculations are started Cancelling the calculations is not possible however you can quit the program Ctrl Alt Delete and the program will continue were it stopped if you restart the calculations Exi Calculate Effective Solid angles and Coincidence Correction Factors Ioj x S nurce Detector FTB ps2 Figure 4 16 Input screen for effective solid angle and coincidence correction factor calculation If a computation has already been performed it will only be recalculated if the data of the source or the detector were modified Chapter 4 SolCoi 66 4 2 Printing the input and result data All input data for and results of th
8. ni x Detector p 2 Energies 40 0 800 Geometry bt H HD U 80 Position Al 60 0 ino Composition ait2H4 0 an 15000 Weight gram 0 70000 1000 2000 0 Make Sampo CDF Detector Calibration File 1500 ann 200 0 3500 0 300 0 4000 0 400 0 SOL men a NN S L SOL C Figure 4 18 Input screen for printing and plotting an efficiency curve If the input is not correct the program will give some remarks The printed outputs are given in Figures 4 19 The energy values for the printed efficiencies can be specified using the input screen of this option Chapter 4 SolCoi 68 LT Kayzero for Windows v2 01 Efficiencys and Coifactors DSM2 D 0C2H4 SOLCO O x 8 x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports Archive Tools Window Help Efficiency of geometry vial D on DSH Sample C2H4 weight 0 700 DATAFILES USED AT 30 11 2005 00 18 26 OMEAY VBAWXEFFDATA EFFDSM2 DAT 3070672002 17 00 00 OMXMEAY VOANERPRPDATA PTTDSH DAT 3070672002 17 00 00 DOMVEKAY VOANERPRPDATA DSH SOL 3070672002 17 00 00 OMEAY VBAWXEFFDATA 1DDSH2 50L 23704 2004 19 08 00 OMEAY VBAWEFFDATA 2DDSH2 50L 23404 2004 19 09 04 OXEAY V5SAMXEFFDATAK3DDSM2 S50L 2370472004 19 01 00 OVEAY VOANERPRPDATA 4DDSH SOL 23404472004 19 02 06 OMEAY VOANERPRPDATA SDDSM SOL 23404972004 19 04 02 Program Version Ve 01 Energy ke Position 1 Position
9. EBE oata iBix Monitor File BHTY 4A Data directory SEE Pv Monitor ALI Measurement Found Measurement SCE WT Monitor data Irradiation Data Measurement Data Detector Hon Point Source Boone AH id Geometry data Okap Counting position 4 volume 0 020 ml Direct Density 2 7 g ml SOLCOI Calculation Maternal Okay Background spectrum PTF file 2BG96 PTF D eadtime nop Peaktablefile ComeetHypemet oswozPTF v Start date dd mm yeu 017081996 5 Start time hh mm ss i fio 14 00 00 0 True Measuring Time sec fis54 00000 5 Remarks Double clickHere ta Ente 0 00 SampodU PTF 18 peaks O01 08 1335 10 14 00 94 1954 00 SPE 25 VD SPE LFC dual spe LIF Cancel Peak Summatian Energy Calibration Figure 3 8 Measurement Data tab In this screen the code name of the detector used the counting vial type and the counting position have to be entered In each of these inputs the validity is checked automatically The info panel on the right of the detector input field gives all relevant information as illustrated in Figure 3 8 In case of an error the message Is indicated here Mon Peint Source Geometry data Okay V alume 0 020 ral Density 2 7 g ml Maternal Okap Figure 3 9 Efficiency Info panel for gold monitor AU on detector DSM2 Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 18 On this particular Info panel Kayzero
10. Eu 152 1085 9 1 1084 0 11 7 1085 9 475 Yb 169 118 2 3 117 4 0 11 118 2 5 22 Er 171 210 6 2 210 1 0 07 210 6 6 42 Hf 181 136 4 2 136 3 7 27 136 9 1 07 Ta 182 1157 5 3 1157 3 1 7 1158 1 1 15 Os 193 180 9 2 180 0 4 6 181 8 4 9 Os 193 219 1 2 219 1 7 0 219 0 0 22 Os 193 557 4 1 956 0 0 08 997 4 33 Os 193 059 3 1 999 3 12 3 960 0 0 07 Table A7 2B Isotopes and ko s with effective energies and effective ko factors lines that can not be separated using modern gamma ray spectroscopy Appendix 7 KAYZERO Library A29 Appendix 8 KAYZERO Library Gamma line listing example might be different in the actual library PRINT OF THE GAMMA LINES IN THE KAYZERO LIBRARY VERA O0 dU Uu DE i E po 0 0 T 1 2 gt 10000000000 minutes Energy Isotope Element T y2 yield k0 code keV min 090 60 Coco0m COT d p Zee 2 6544 Yori LOF 46117 4 44 213 2 63 6 Re 188m Re udo 2285989 2 OX sg Ibo Ta ESAT T90 ATIT Z 694 7 Om i53 sm Z4 L5 4 312 1 Wow Poston EG DOI 04041 3 J4 7 U 239 U Z5 0 Aoa Vi Toe PaT An 000 92 sO 1 408 3 Da DeLa Te 11549 8 Zu WZ 80 6 Ho 156 Ho 1609 8 53 990 d OUO MOS Mo 14 6 TTL Z Q4 3 TMO Tm 185184 0 Cao lk 060 PaHZ33 n 3333255 1991 3 0040 oerog PO DORT II Leo al OU Jue Pas OL Gal Oed 2 88 4 Lu 176m Lu 211 95 8 899 I Q9 4 HI liT75 Be OOOO a0 2 354 3 89 Cdl Ca 149 4 dd 2 903 Ee SZ EUS TIZZOoTOUs0 JIS3SV 477 double escape peak 91
11. Maximum limit af detection 25 000 in 95 Peak width for background calc 3 3n dn PHM v Area Error Calculation from spectrum Concentration averaging C Mo Vvyeighing f Weighing using w 1 sd z Figure A6 1 The Calculation Parameters option Calculation Parameters Re 1 The energy window for peak recognition can be adjusted if the energy calibration is not optimal In this case it is best to adjust this calibration using Energy Calibration Option It is very important to have a good energy calibration and the energy window should be narrow enough to identify all radionuclides present in the spectrum If there is more than one peak in the spectrum within the energy window the spectrum peak will be assigned to the isotope with the nearest gamma line in the library Re 2 The selection of a maximum detection limit makes it possible to leave out peaks that are not interesting for analysis For instance in trace analysis it is not necessary to show detection limits higher than 5 Appendix 6 Calculation Parameters A22 Re 3 For the determination of the detection limit the compton background is calculated by integration in the region where a gamma peak is supposed to be found The width of the region is related to the FWHM for the gamma ray energy The integration boundary is the FWHM expressed in channels for the relevan
12. Order Input Measurement Peak Summation Energy Calibration Calculate Select Reject Analytical Lines Select Samples and Elements Far Order Report Print Order Report Figure 3 27 Calculate option in Samples menu ENBASIC CALCULATIONS i 0 x Order identification or DEMO Sample identification or 1B Measurement identification or sckzv Interim results OF Cancel Figure 3 28 Selecting the measurements While KAYZERO is calculating the sample measurement is displayed in the bar at the bottom of the program window Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 35 The calculations have to be repeated whenever input data spectra data library or efficiency data have been changed Calculation parameters can be edited see Appendix 6 If you use the wildcards SCK7V for the order sample and measurement respectively only samples irradiated under code SCK7V will be calculated Before starting the calculations the program will sort the measurements in order to minimize calculation times fea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 OVERVIEW SAMPLES IN OVERVIEW SAMPLES IN SAMPLE ORDER 620 DEMO 16 File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Kayzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 6203 Order DEMO from Vervecken DSM Research 61421 Budgetnr Eu 152 cost fl T Comment Data for demonstration purposes Elements ALL List type 0 DEWO 1B Samnmplet Meast
13. key At the right of the screen the peaks are given as well as the new combined peak The new energy is the calculated as the weighed mean energy The peak area is the sum of all peaks The new standard deviation of the peak error is the calculated weighed error The results of the summed peaks can be viewed in the print of the PTF file Reports Peak Table Data The calculated concentrations are based on the summed peak area the added peaks are not used 3 3 4 Calculating F After entering the monitor data the comparator factor F can be calculated using Monitors Calculate Comparator Factor see Figure 3 12 In this option you have to enter the monitor file identification and the monitor identification If you enter an asterisk here the program will batch wise calculate F data for all available monitors that have been entered So using the input in Figure 3 12 all data of monitors irradiated in BR1Y4 on directory SCK 7V will be calculated EaCOMPARATOR FACTOR CALCULATION B x Monitor file identification ar BR1Y4 Monitor identification or Measurement identification ar ETE wv Interim results OF Cancel Figure 3 12 Monitors Calculate Comparator Factor While Kayzero for Windows is calculating the File name monitor and measurement identification is displayed at the bottom of the program Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 22 By marking the Interim results checkbox you can print
14. the energy shift in channels the energy resolution FWHM and the background of the detector can be printed and plotted Before printing and plotting the data the plot wanted must be chosen see figure 5 4 The printed output is given in figure 5 5 and the plotted output in figure 5 6 Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 87 fa CALIBRATION DATA FILE i amp l x liyii Calibration data file or CALE D ET Measurement identification er Detector List type Hel activity Absolute channel shift FHM Background peak areas OF Cancel Figure 5 4 Selecting the type of detector calibration output a Kayzero for Windows 2 01 Detector Efficiency Data CAL96 DETZ Library History Reports SOLCOT DETECTOR EFFICIENCY DATA CALG6 Eu 152 DET21 For detector DET iBl x igl x Archive Tools Window Help 03 71272005 19 55 18 S Fie Samples Monitors Eu 152 121 80 keV oF 778 90 keV 1406 10 keV DETECTOR CODE DATE al ew AL T O ACT DET CAL96 01 0270171996 Jg 990E 1 1 0135E 0 1 029E 0 DET CAL96 02 0870171996 1 004E 0 1 017E 0 l 03B0E D DET2 CAL96 03 1570171996 9 988E 1 1 012E 0 1 030E 0 DET CAL96 05 2970171996 1 003E 0 1 012E 0 1 030E 0 DET 2 CAL96 06 0370271996 Jg 961E 1 1 015E 0 1 054E 0 DET CAL96 07 12 02 1996 1 006E 0 1 013E 0 1 031E 0 DET CAL96 08 1970271996 1 002E 0 1 017E 0 1 03 7E 0 DET CAL96 09 2670271996 3 943E 1 1 007
15. 1144 5 keV 495126 499049 25902 SIJO 4 99904 1408 9 keV 94675 990922 99670 99874 SIES This is only a part of the COI file the typical size is 40 45 kBytes oome gamma rays have a coincidence correction factor of one or very close to one Factors that differ less than 0 1 from one are not put in the file AI28 S131 etc Appendix 2 KAYZERO SOLCOI program system and data files A10 Appendix 3 Algorithm and DataEvaluation In the standardization step intermediate results are produced by calculating a detection limit for every gamma line in the ko library and if there is a matching peak in the spectrum calculating a concentration plus a standard deviation see Figure A3 1 Depending on the measured spectrum this results in a list of more than 600 detection limits one for every gamma line available in the ko library and several concentration values The intermediate result is necessary for the evaluation steps isotope identification interference correction mean element concentration calculation using the data from all measurements The evaluation steps are performed each time a result is printed REFERENCE SOLANG REFERENCE EFFICIENCY LIBRARY eee gt CALCULATION n gt 4 EVALUATION FINAL REPORT O1 B cA S LX l RESULTS i SOLANG SAMPLE COL sCOR INPUT DATA FACTORS n n sample a waogqursritrion irradiation PEAK 3 SPECTRUM S TA
16. 1535 41 1275 Bg as 1501 71 U 1182 0 00 1 02 In 116m5Mn 565 TAA 49 Any 39A 1 34 f 1 043 C1 38 Figure 6 12 A print of a peak table file Chapter 6 Reference Guide 102 6 4 Archive System All NAA data are divided into sample data and monitor data A group of gamma spectrometric irradiation measurements of samples is combined into an order data file One order file may contain up to 500 sample measurements Every measurement is unambiguously defined by an order identification code the name of the data file a sample identification code and a measurement identification code It follows that an order file can comprise several samples In a certain project X for example some samples may be irradiated and measured 4 6 times The order file will then contain the data of the samples and the irradiations measurements of these samples The same structure is used for monitors The monitor data are combined into a monitor file where the monitors can be presented together in an overview For deleting renaming etc of measurement identification codes and other file maintenance operations the Archive menu can be used see Figure 6 13 Ea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 1IBl x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Rename Sample Monitor ID Delete SampleJManibar Rename OrderJ File Librarv Delete Order FilefLibrary Make Mew Order File Index Copy Samp
17. Figure 3 36 Input screen for selecting analytical gamma lines and performing corrections The threshold interference correction factors see below for the definition should be available in a file with the name reactor amp channel par This file is of course specific for each reactor channel Per line the Nuclide Element interference correction factor and uncertainty is given see Fig 3 37B The program will know from the irradiation data given which file to take The file is stored in the start up directory of the program see Fig 3 374 Fission interference will also be presented this way The data is automatically generated Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 44 E 1 ELEC 2 xl File Sampl Zoeken In c Kay vba E E Ei CALIG EFFDATA ERRE LIBRARY geopend Ox Manual ORDERS SCK1V Bureaublad SCE2ZV SCK3v SCK4V SCE BR1584 PAR ES BR1 T4 PAR Mn documenten Deze computer Mijn Bestandsnaam E A444 PAR netwerklocaties Bestandstypen Threshold Interference Correction Files Annuleren Text files Plot files Blank Correction Files Reactor Channels File Threshold Interference Correction Files Detector Calibration File Detector FHM File Do nat change by hand Detector PTT File Do not change by hand Detector Reference Efficiency H fal Kayzero for Windows 2 01 BR1 4 PAR loj x Fie Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Ar
18. Figure 4 3 Detector data input choosing a detector When you choose a new detector name the program will show a screen like the one in Figure 4 4 If you press No all detector data will be reset and if you press Yes the data of the detector last used since the start of the program will be used Pressing Cancel will cancel this option x i Datafile nat Found use previous data No reset v coe Figure 4 4 Input after selecting a new unknown detector Chapter 4 SolCoi 56 sample Source Support Vial M mM pu D St TH Platform Air Position 3 Layer Position 2 Position Distance A Source Support ____ Position 1 2 i d Vacuum Gap M be a SS ee a ates Contact Layer Top Dead Layer LZ Detector Can 77 i NS Active Crystal ERR iN NNNM Inert Core Figure 4 5 Detector Dimensions and explanation of descriptions used in fig 4 6 Chapter 4 SolCoi 5 You can then enter the detector geometry detector material and the source holder geometry see figure 4 5 using the screen given in figures 4 6 All units are SI units Es solang Coincidence Detector Parameters E m x Detector Code OSM Comment PG amp T dais Last Modification User Robber van Sluijs Detector Crystal Detector type 3 hyper pure with coaxial cavity e Crustal Material Germanium Density kg m3 550000
19. Ru 3937 Ba 131 268 29 542 10648 25 30 1 03 Nd 149 386 08 249 5926 44 85 1 03 Eu 152D 417 24 3049 5299 34 29 1 033 In 116m 138 57 B717 1 SOOO 0 42 1 03 Zn 53m 479 74 242 4660 40 90 1 033 Ga Z2 Y 8Um y 187 sd 161 487 23 353 4630 27 34 1 02 La 140 4927 26 158 4610 62 06 1 02 Cd 115 496 30 bay 4594 14 66 1 03 Ba 131 511 U0l 5554 i824 2 22 1 03 HMo 1 01D Cu 64 zn l Without BS 5588 i824 2 2 554 3 3451 i854 Soo ios 2 Bro S64 16 19968 BUTA 5 59 1 03 Sb 122 Cd 11 m Eu 152 558 35 137 5161 DE XS Bugs 616 95 995 6006 11 60 1 1 03 619 16 2007 607i 6 00 1 03 g 1 08 Br B8 642 65 0 6390 b wg sr s 598 28 11593 3040 7 26 1 03 Br 8 7275 42 3096 2129 2 81 1 03 Br 8 Yoo 66 327 2019 20 43 1 02 Mn 56D Oey ra 386 2083 Tean T 1 03 Brea 234 05 289 2148 B 20 g 1 02 Ga 7 2 o46 62 147102 1324 0 27 t 1 03 Mn 56 861 07 0 1475 Bg o pos a 1043 60 892 Late 7 89 1 03 Br 8 1090 68 316 1704 19 54 1 03 Hn 5B8D 1037 13 347 1700 17 85 1 033 In 116n TX15 32 1468 511 4 63 1 03 Tb 160 Zn 55 Hi 65 Pd 111m 1144 72 158 1484 35 94 1 03 Ca 49 1293 30 23984 1099 0 66 1 03 In 115m r 411 1239 58 365 1041 13 71 1 03 Eu 152 Wn 565 Lod 25 764 1057 7 12 1 03 Br 8 2 1368 38 oo 1066 1 15 1 1 03 Sb 124 Ha 24 1420 28 388 1146 13 54 L0 1 03 Ba l33 1435 00 0 1156 HOn a gs 1474 43 3572 1246 15 37 1 03 Br 892
20. WE 3 2fo4 0 0 977 2 23E 3 Figure 4 22 Coincidence correctionfactors and efficiencies for Na 24 for a sample in a type D vial at detector DSM2 position 2 4 2 9 Showing all available input and result files The Solcoi data files in the Solcoi directory can be listed using the SolCoi Show Data Lists option When selecting this option you can enter a wildcard or a name and select the type of data file list that you want to have see Figure 4 23 Chapter 4 SolCoi 1 iol xi Mame D5M2 Detectors Sources Input Files C Solid ngle Output Ok Coincidence Correction Output Figure 4 23 Solcoi Show Data Lists option The file types are obvious however the Input Files need some explanation The calculations are performed using the INW programs SOLANG and COINCALC MS Fortran programs need data files as input These input files are made by SOLCOI In the case of matrix interpolation five input files are made one for each density extension SIN A list of available input files is given in figure 4 24 Per input file it is shown whether or not the SOLANG COINCALC calculations were performed this is indicated using an S OLANG or C OINCALC between brackets after the comment By entering DSM 2 as a wildcard only all inputfiles related to detector DSM2 are listed dni x l x AVAILABLE SOLCOI INPUT FILES D KAY V5A EFFDATA D5H2 u3 412 2 0105 Name Date Comment l1DD
21. all options of the Solcoi program are added in the SOLCOI option see Figure 2 2 The File option the Window option and the Help option are new Ei Kayzero for Windows 2 01 l El X File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 4 Figure 2 2 Main screen of Kayzero for Windows 2 3 2 Program Output All output of the program is first put on the main window of the program There are several possibilities to print save edit or manipulate the presentation this output In figure 2 3 two typical types of output are shown A graph and a text output Chapter 2 Installation and User Interface 5 ox File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Ks Spectrum 257V01 E E REPORT PEAK DATA SAMPLE ORDER 640 Kavzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 64 LFC spectrum 257W01 5PE enue a DEMO 1B stk HEEL 107 1 I LIL E METTI smell a mmn p el i ies ET CTT l LII milii m rri A ri mmm cum M END dH IL IL at E l ot et T ETT FT EE T LL lll es SEND NO EMO i 2 7 E 1 Em EZ aS E id Ss 1000 2000 300 4000 energy in key Kavzero for Hncows REPORT PEAK DATA Order id KAYZERO LIB Sample weight IRRADIATION PARAMETERS BR1 Y4 30707796 08 29 00 MEASUREMENT DATA 257V01 PTF Background interval 0 000 E FWHM 30407496 16 24 04 pos 2
22. 1 Nd 147 Nd DOSolldw 2 99 oA Deu dC Br P9 0 Ore 2 92 4 Re 188m Re 12015 5 606 1 Teo Eee Hf Bove ELLO ld Joso INTE 6S Ni Los once doable escape peak 93e ANFOS Zn 351734 4 50 619 double escape peak 93 0 Wibe169 LD 46117 4 Zuge 2B 94 7 Pa 233 TA 2002ra O99 T 1 9424 DYHL65 Dy 140 0 Seow oh 96 7 Se 75 oe 172481 8 3 440 3 97 20 Na 149 Nd LOS se 7 keporo Z 97 1 Rh 104m RINT 4 3 Z 200 d9 OTe 3SSdoers59 Gd 347904 0 30 206 1 95 9 GAO oC 120658 0 100 000 double escape peak Io Ueeedo Ta 164779 0 37 540 double escape peak POO med Nd 1704 0 419 90 019 LOU Buceo Ta 164779 0 14 435 2 Appendix 8 KAYZERO Library Gamma line listing A30 TOs LOZ LOSS LUS di ORE 104 104 9 Cs DOIN GOS Pm 151 Gd 161 ines Goel Ss Np 239 Pa 233 Ife Nd Gd om Gd Th Sm 7 O04 LTTC 347904 05995 300924 for more lines see the listing by the program Appendix 8 KAYZERO Library Gamma line listing Co O14 ON cC 220 2 s3999 298 STOL SITO 4o Nor CO GO CO FF NO OO A31
23. 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 D D D D D D D D 40 0 0 0000449 00 0000234 00 0000066 0 0000024 0 0000 0 14 50 0 0 0008987 0 0003064 0 0000817 0 0000297 0 0000173 60 0 0 0051271 00 0013416 0 0003443 0 0001259 0 0000736 oO 0 0277084 O 0056665 0 00141853 0 0005171 0 0003031 100 0 0 0547426 0 0108664 0 0025556 0 0009254 0 0005420 150 0 U 0624675 0 0160445 0 0037954 0 0013690 0 0008007 00 0 0 0763558 0 0150892 O 0036446 0 0013253 0 0007769 300 0 00 0569701 00 0115432 0 0028615 0 0010530 0 0006197 400 0 0 0466583 00 0095756 00 0024030 0 0008895 0 0005246 500 0 0 03898505 0 0080701 00 0020418 0 00075858 O 0004462 600 0 00 0336580 0 0070169 O 0017866 OO 0006661 0 0003939 all 0 00 0270047 0 0056897 0 0014624 0 0005478 0 0003245 1000 0 0 0226335 0 0048062 00 0012437 0 0004675 0 0002773 1500 0 O 0164390 0 0035384 0 0009262 0 0003501 O 0002081 ZI 0 0131488 O 0026522 0 0007513 0 0002849 0 0001695 3000 0 00 0095936 0 0020987 00 0005566 0 0002118 0 000126 2 3500 0 0 0085457 0 0018729 0 0004975 0 0001894 0 0001129 4000 0 0 0077440 0 0016989 O 0004516 O O001721 O 0001026 Ze Figure 4 19 Printed efficiencies for vial D filled with 0 7 gram of C2H4 a resin for all 5 positions of the source holder of detector DSM2 The detector calibration SAMPO efficiency calibration file for the same source at position 2 is shown in Figure 4 20 Chapter 4 SolCoi 69 Ea Kayzero for Windows v2 01 Efficiency
24. 53 88 63 29 55 38 64 94 Deeks slat 50 26 49 96 O l aim a eee ed dB 7 4 l 5 3 I Uu 10 46 Dp 39 HL Jb 2o 26 71 B B 0 dug p eE dibs Bore 0 46 8 56 3 96 3 83 Saal 3 56 3 93 3 84 3 60 Jub SII I 5s 2B a 2l 23 2 B Dev X D 2 deviations after fine tuning User choise Initial Best guess i a 0da o 6000 10 0513 Top Dead layer thickness mm U 4000000 O 3800000 OU 44417250 Effl Effb5 Exp Calc Eff2 Effb Exp Calc E f3 Effb 4 Exp Cale Eff4 Effb Dev Dev Dev Exp Calc Devs 53 88 67 35 duoi s 3 10 46 10 66 d 3 95 55 38 69 66 2b 28 28 12 JU dms Xu zs io cau DS 52 49 55 75 2i zd 29 dl so BUBS E da fo ae a 5D 25 53 80 fu oo ee eeo 9 8 46 38 78 B 3 55 3 98 3 89 3 64 3 61 Dey X Figure 4 30 Fine tuning results for detector DEMO For every measured count rate ratio a calculated ratio is given as well as the difference between the two expressed in 9o The average difference and the standard deviation in the average is calculated per position If necessary the deviations larger than 10 can be excluded from the average calculation see Figure 4 29 Chapter 4 SolCoi It is obvious that the result of the fine tuning in this example is very good The matrix data set is used to calculate results for the user values so these calculations are performed almost instantaneously The user selected 8 mm and 0 4 which is clearly not as good as the estima
25. DIEIv EMEN Close a ERES Tile Horizontal Printer Setup f hi a m E ose A Print All 1 Spectrum 257V01 5PE w 2 REPORT PEAK DATA SAMPLE ORDER 640 DEMO 1B Exit A File option B Window option Figure 2 5 Kayzero for Windows options for manipulating rearranging output The use and possibilities of the standard options as given in figure 2 5 need no extra explanation The output windows can tiled horizontally vertically as shown in figure 2 3 cascaded or closed Chapter 2 Installation and User Interface 7 2 3 3 File names Although the program is a Windows program it is not possible to use long names This is merely because of practical reasons Orders spectrum samples reactor channel names should not exceed 8 characters Directory names should not exceed 60 characters sources 3 characters and detectors 4 characters Chapter 2 Installation and User Interface 8 3 Analysis Evaluation This chapter describes the procedures to be followed when using Kayzero for Windows for the evaluation of an Neutron Activation Analysis NAA 3 1 Menu Bar All options of Kayzero for Windows can be found through the menu bar Figure 3 1 The programs version number is given in the program title but also on all printed output From the menu bar a choice can be made by using the mouse The program can also be used without the use of a mouse You can use the arrow keys and Enter or by using the h
26. Label Irr date LIII Heaz date t meaz t decay 1B SCEK 7V 1 SCEF VNG 30707796 dh 30 707 496 2473 3h55mll4z 1B SCK 7V 2 SCE7WVXE 30 707 796 4h 31 0796 31282 19h4omeds 1B SCEK 7V 3 SCEF VNG 300796 4h 7 708 496 55129 B8d 3h32m 2 imaginary sample Kavzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 6203 rder DEMO List type 1 sorted on id DEHO i1B Sanple meas geometrie w zample w matrix matrix library 3 3 1B SCK 7V 1 5 4 73950 4 739500 zC2H4 VERS 1B SCK 7V 2 5 4 73950 4 739500 zC2H4 VERS 0 1B SCEK 7V 3 5 4 73950 4 739500 Cz2H4 VERB Kavzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 6203 Order DEMO List type 2 sorted on id DEHO i1B Sanplet messt Irr date time t irr s reactor channsel f alpha Fc 1B SCK 7V 1 30 07 96 08 29 00 ih BR1 Y4 33 0 0 0720 asdf 1B SCEK 7V 2 3007 96 08 29 00 ih BRi Y4 32a 0 0 0720 3291 1 1B SCK 7V 3 30707796 08 29 00 ih BRi Y4 33 0 0 0720 chee Kayzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 6203 Order DEMO List type 3 sorted on id DEHO i1B Honit z Meazs Label det bgd FTF p DTS PFPTF nanme date time tm s 1B SCEK 7V 1 SQCE 7V 6 amp DSH2 2BG83B6 FPT 2 0 0 257 01 P 30707796 16 24 04 2173 1B SCK 7V 2 SCEVVS6 DSH2 2BG96 PT 1 0 0 257 04 P 31707796 08 14 24 31282 1B SCK V 3 SQCE7WV 6 amp DS5SH 2 2BG89B5 PT 1 0 0 25 V10 P 07708796 16 01 24 651249 Figure 3 29 List of all input data Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 36 Before the calculations start you should check
27. UU Q 000000000 0 000000000 35930907 1999400404 0 0UODOUODU UO Z00 000 0 929290 0 700000 0 00000 0 09000 DS0OUDUDOUUD UD 000UUUUUU 249900000 09 2590 OU OO 00000000 909 000 0 goTrD0 0 000U00 UUDUUU U 00009 Q UUDDUODUDU UU UOUODU O77 5400000 10 567 b0ODUODU DvOUODOUODUO 00 000 Oca 7 936 JOS 000UDU X 00000 JU UU D OUUDDUDOUUD 000900000 c24 390000 0 4 7956000 U 02000000000 900s 000 47900 JXXD0UUUO OOOO Gwd UU QuUOUDDUOUUDD 0 9009 UUODO 0776550000 Ive 422000000 0c O 600 000 0 39055 Us00000 U 0UUUOU 0 090090 9000000000 0000000000 104209230000 10390550000 0000000000 S00 s000 Ux 5360 00 Us O00 0 00000 G0 0000 ULUGUOUOU0D UstO00G00000 Fo S67 0000 0523200599000 USUUGOU0000 BODO 2000 0 30535 10 00000 00000 0 00000 9000000000 0000900000 0 109240000 0 305945000 01000000000 LOUGs GOO 9 XT9o7 QuOUUOUO G0 0000 0900909 UO eUVOUOUOUCD OC 000000000 Ok SAS IS 597 249900907 QUCOUODOUODO 2UU0U 3000 Us Al PIA 000000 0700000 0 00000 S00 UCU O U0 OOO 000 0000 XYcdos 0000 10 71 fee SOO Oe 000000 000 0 S000 000 0 19229 UuUUUUU 0 90000 9 200090 QoUOUDODODUD O0 00000000T 0095050000 0 eT zou UU O 200000000 95900000309 1900 000000 IU USUUU 0090000 DOS000UDOUDUD 90DO0DUOOUD JOOS OLS S66 Dod 00940259 0 0009000000 X Y Y distance through air 2s 2000 0 12000 Aa LOOO 212000 position 2 OL2000 6 12000 UposTqtoon Los 1200015 120004 COSTE Lon 4 20200025 020000 POSE EO o9 X distance from crystal to s
28. are stored in the efficiency directory and can be edited using Kayzero See Figure 3 374 In figure 3 38 an example of the blank file is given Ea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 R BLE mi x o File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help E x Kontainer blank Element Mass in microgram sd in microgram Comment container Type E voor langlevend HAA inl OF Cancel Print Previous Next As Br Mo m sp Be Ba ta sm ce Hg Endcheck ma a a K ca Cr Mn Fe co e m a nia Energy SCK SCREW Z SCRI Cr Cr 51 320 1 1 29342 523 7 521 9 Nuclide Average Concentration Em 523 ME Expected StnDev 1E 5 1 2 0 Observed StnDewv 55 TA LD 34 9 2934 2 125 4 34 9 Blank Subtraction Container R R Blank correction 21 0 244 0 Element Average Concentration 513 1 312 7 527 9 Expected StnDev 2 0 12 3 2 0 Observed StnDewv 3 10 6 LD element 34 9 2934 2 125 4 34 9 Figure 3 39 Input screen demonstrating blank subtraction Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 46 The blank value is considerable and should be taken into account In figure 3 39 the Cr concentration for measurement SCK 7V 3 was corrected and the other concentration was not corrected This was done by selecting the blank mass use the cursor keys or mouse and selecting deselecting the blank subtraction using the spacebar A deselected is shown usi
29. at least once a week or to perform an energy calibration on every spectrum using this option For the energy calibration a first order approximation E a Ch b is used The energy calibration is performed by selecting for two gamma rays in the spectrum the corresponding radioisotopes see Figure 6 15 The radioisotopes are found in the KAYZERO Library The energy window can be changed in steps of 0 5 keV using T and 1 If you press lt gt the first energy is activated By pressing T a higher energy can be selected When a good peak is found press lt gt again the corresponding radioisotope can then be selected from the list using T and V In short to move to another field you should use and and to select another energy or isotope you should use T and V The new energy calibration is also presented on this screen You can check the energy calibration again or even alter it by hand see figure 6 15 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 105 For energy calibration of a series of spectra a special option is available The program will ask the directory where the spectra are located See figure 6 16 The Select Directory can be used to find a specific directorie The spectra to be calibrated can be selected using a wildcard The new energy calibration can be given by hand or by performing a prior normal energy calibration fag Energie Calibration Change the energy calibration of
30. for Windows indicates with Geometry data Okay that it has found a SOLANG effective solid angle SOL file and a coincidence COI file for the combination of the geometry AU and detector DSMz2 And the reference efficiency file EFFDSM2 DAT and the corresponding SOLANG file DSM2 SOL for the reference position were found too The panel indicates Non Point Source this means that the sample has a volume The Direct SOLCOI Calculation checkbox is visible so the contents might be changed if you like and the necessary SOLCOI calculation will be performed when you calculate the measurement This will cause some additional calculation time If background subtraction is to be performed the relevant peak table file must be entered This file must be located in the Efficiency Data directory Dead Time Dead time from spectrum enter a dead time of 096 Dead Time Stabilizer DTS enter DTS preset dead time Pulser enter measured dead time Manual Pile Up rejection PUR correction enter the corrected dead time Loss free counting enter a dead time of 0 ZDT enter a dead time of 096 For the calculation of errors and detection limits when using the LFC module the uncorrected spectrum should be collected as well If the dual LFC spectrum option is used this is advised then there are several options to store the data and let Kayzero use it Normally both spectra are stored in one file Hypermet and Hyperlab can handle these
31. ko USERS 1994 4 L MOENS J DE DONDER X LIN F DE CORTE A DE WISPELAERE A SIMONITS and J HOSTE Nucl Instrum amp Methods 187 1981 451 5 G ERDTMANN and H PETRI Nuclear Activation Analysis Fundamentals and techniques from Treatise on Analytical Chemistry Second Edition Part 1 Volume 14 John Wiley and Sons Inc New York 1986 6 K DEBERTIN and R G HELMER GAMMA AND X RAY SPECTROMETRY WITH SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS North Holland Elsevier Science Publishing Company Inc Amsterdam 1988 T E STORM and H I ISRAEL Photon Cross Sections from 0 001 to 100 MeV for Elements 1 through 100 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California 1967 References 112 Appendix 1 Efficiency Calculation In view of the extensive calculations which must be done for efficiency determination and coincidence correction counting geometries have to be standardized as much as possible For these standardized geometries SOLANG effective solid angle C and COI coincidence correction tables are precalculated and stored in files which can be accessed by KAYZERO Enter only the detector name geometry and position Using the method described by Moens et al in Ref the efficiency for bulky sources can be calculated from Q Ep edt Eref Q ref where Q and Q e are the effective solid angles which are calculated using the SOLANG program developed at the Institute for Nuclear Science of the Gent Unive
32. ko method For practical guidelines regarding this method see the VADEMECUM FOR ko USERS by De Corte and Simonits The installation and the use of Kayzero for Windows are explained in Chapter 2 Installation and User Interface All steps needed for the evaluation of an analysis are given in Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation which explains step by step how to proceed after all measurements have been performed All efficiency calibration and calculation procedures from the former SolCoi Program are handled in chapter 4 oolCoi Chapter 5 History of Detector and Reactor Calibrations explains how detector and reactor calibration data can be monitored over a period of time Further information and details about all other options in the program can be found in Chapter 6 Reference Guide For extra help users can consult the Appendix where detailed information is given on all algorithms and data file formats Kayzero for Windows is the successor of Kayzero Solcoi version 5A Solcoi and Kayzero are now integrated The user interface is developed under Windows Many new features such as direct efficiency calculation f and alpha using the Cd ratio method and reactor flux variation correction are added The updated version 5 June 2002 contains new correction methods for reaction interference fission products and irradiation blank concentration correction From version 5 it is was also possible to select the analytical gamma lines to be used for th
33. matrix DSH2 5 Energy keV Sd 124 166 216 258 J 117 138 179 i87 i92 496 Sample id n 3006 2002 4 739500 q 3 4064 keV 3 00 FWHM in 0 000 FP 2473 DT TOo2H4 Area LFC Backgr countz 153598 2201 19046 16135 12859 7025 6267 5994 S601 55b5z 5536 galg 54595 T 33 0000 Alphe 14400 z rid fe P rad ral TT Pe 2 Figure 2 3 Kayzero for Windows A spectrum plot and a print of the peak table When pressing the right mouse button a pop up menu opens see Figure 2 4 This pop up menu is specific for each type of output The Edit option allows you to edit the graph the other options are self explanatory In case of the text output the data can be changed with Edit but only after entering a password ok Chapter 2 Installation and User Interface 6 Edit ut opty brs Paste Etrit Delete Ctrl ef Select all Chrl 4 w Left Right Center Edit Word wrap Save total Plot Ctrl V Font Ctrl F Print Ctrl P Print Ctrl P Close Form Chri X Close Farm Cri x Print All Forms Print All Farms Print and Close All Forms Print and Close All Forms A Text output pop up B Graph output pop up Figure 2 4 Kayzero for Windows A spectrum plot and opened pop up menu right mouse button Ea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 Samples Monitors Library ih s ee FEM G Open Window Help Save LFC spectrum 2 i Ful Save As ectrum plot
34. spectra Kayzero then normally detects automatically the uncorrected spectrum The second uncorrected spectrum can also be stored in a file with the extension LFC in this case Kayzero will also detect the Dual LFC Spectrum automatically If Kayzero has problems detecting the Dual LFC Spectrum automatically you should mark the Dual LFC Spectrum in the FWHMdddd DAT file dddd detector code which is placed in the Efficiency Data directory see Figure 3 10 Correct calculation of errors and detection limits is not yet supported for Zero Dead Time units please let us know if you need this Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 19 ExiKayzero for Windows V2 01 FWHMDSM2 DAT Editable B x lt File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help x 1 35924 O 000611 0 1 a h c d FWHH in keV a bet c e 2 d amp e 3 DUAL SPE FWHM for background calculation The following FWHM functions can be used FWHM in keV a b e c e az d e amp e 3 FWHM in keV a b SOQBRT e FWHM in keV SORT ia b e The type of function can be chosen by putting a line giving the function REM after the line with a b p E REM Adding a line with LFC DUAL SPE means that a LFC is used with dualspectrum option REM Lines marked with REM are not seen by the program Figure 3 10 The FWHMDSM2 DAT file for a detector using the dual LFC spectrum option To select the correct peak table file use the pick list
35. such as the name of the client and his her department and telephone number In addition you enter some reference numbers or budget numbers some information on the samples the elements requested and the relevant dates All this information can be used later to produce all sorts of different output Even the analysis cost can be entered The order identification code in this case DEMO will be used to create two files DEMO DTA and DEMO DDX The order info is stored in the ORDERS DIR file These files are all located in the ORDER AND MONITOR FILES subdirectory specified in Tools Options Directories Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 26 iol xi Client Institute DSM Reseach Telephone re Budget number 152 o HAS number n Sample Description D ata for demonstration purposes 0000000 Elements of Interest mmm f mp ME Date order received o 20171980 Date Results given 04 061 gg Date samples disposed or D112380 Total Analysiz Cost 0 00 LK Cancel Figure 3 18 Order Info 3 4 2 Entering Measurement Data Use Samples Measurement to enter the sample data All data will be stored in the file DEMO DTA so the order identification you have to enter is DEMO KAY ZERO for Windows then demands see Figure 3 19 a sample identification e g 1B Again it is possible to enter letters and numerals The third input is the measurement identification The measurement identification may be
36. systematical error Excel Output i x W Round off based on 5D OF Cancel Figure 3 43 Input form for selection of samples and elements for an order output You can add several samples to the same report even with different elements 3 6 2 Print Order Report The results of Select Samples and Elements for Order Report are written to a file This file is read in the Print Order Report and converted to the desired output Figure 3 44 Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 51 ESKayzero for Windows 2 01 Order report DEMO v File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help E x To Vervecken DSM Research 61421 a Subject Heutron Activation Analysis Results HAA Order DEMO four ref 1 Irradiationzs codes SCEK V Analysis procedure NAA according to the k ztandardization method The given error equals 1 standard deviation of the analysis DEMO 1B SCE VNG Ha mg kg 0 278 0 004 Si M lt 0 15 C1 ng kqg Bl E 2 r mg kg 0 828 0 006 E ngg 36 6 Ca ng kg B5 6 Sc ngg lt 0 07 Cr mg kg 0 528 0 01 Hn mg kg 0 1834 0 0007 Fe mg kg 60 7 40 9 Co ngg chki lt co IHi maqzkg g Cu ng kg z 0 2 Zn ng kq 87 0 2 Ga ng q 13 7 0 2 Ge ng kg 0 5 A ng q 1 56 0 1 Se ngg z 40 Er mg kg 0 151 0 004 Eb ngg
37. the input using Reports Overview Samples List type All Input Data in order to avoid calculation errors see Fig 3 29 Interim results will give more information on the calculations and will show some values like efficiency coincidence correction factors burn up correction factors etc see Fig 3 30 fel Kayzero for Windows 7 01 B451IC CALCULATIONS DEMO 1B B x c File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help E x KO calculation 2f 11 2005 23 29 01 gt Program version VZ 0l D Eav v5a KAYZERO EXE 2640242002 17 01 00 DATA ORDERES DEMO DTA 1B SCE 7V 1 DATAFILES USED ORDERS DEMO DT 20411 2005 18 04 08 D Eay voasRAYZERO BOR 3070672002 17 00 00 D Eay voasBAYZERO DAT 2711 2005 23 06 06 LIBRARY VERS O LBL 3070672002 17 00 00 LIBRARY VERS_O LB2 30 06 2002 17 00 00 EFFDATA FWHHMDSH2 DAT 15 11 2005 21 01 08 EFFDATA EFFDSH2 DAT 30 06 2002 17 00 00 EFFDATA PTTDSM2 DAT 3070672002 17 00 00 EFFDATA DSM 50L 30 06 2002 17 00 00 EFPDATA 1ISDSM SOL 23 04 2004 19 00 06 EFFDATA 1SDSH2 COI 23 04 2004 19 00 06 EFFDATA 2S5D5M2 50L 2370472004 19 01 06 EFFDATA 250D5M2 COL 2320422004 19 01 08 EFFDATA 3SDSM2 S0L 2370472004 13 02 08 EFFDATA 3SDSM2 CO0I 23 0422004 19 03 00 EFFDATA 4SDSH2 S5O0L 23 04 2004 19 04 06 EFFDATA 4SDS5M2 COI 2370472004 19 04 00 EFFDATA SSDSM SOL 2370472004 19 05 00 EFFDATA SSDSM COL 25 04 2004 19 05 02 SPE 2 och ev zo v0l SPE 2240
38. to call up a table of files from which you can choose Kayzero enters the relevant measurement data start date and time and measuring time if you double click on the info panel on the right Note Kayzero cannot automatically detect if during irradiation or decay the time was changed to day light savings time or changed to back normal Please take care and correct yourself Now all the data of the first monitor have been entered You can enter more monitor data by pressing the OK button or do an energy calibration or a peak summation 3 3 3 Peak summation Peaks will are often not fitted perfectly when the spectrum is measured at very high countrates or in a period when the detector system is not well tuned During the gammaspectrum deconvolution using Sampo HypermetPC or any other sophisticated software program peaks might have to be inserted to fit the measured spectrum adequately Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 20 nl x Region 1 1 NrE in key Area 1 800 1073 2 845 135 Spectrum plot BR1Y4 AUZ SCK4Vv 1 254 V05 PTF Counts rm LN ad j me E Summed peaks 1 1 Bu az ad ab da 90 J7 34 96 Energy in ke Select first peak gt ken WP ho Previous Regior Keys Pallp Pa Dn select last peak gt ker Cancel OK Keys Escape Ctrl Return Doublet window 3 times FHE Second Peak Smaller Figuur 3 11 Peak Summation Option no summation needed oome of these p
39. were stored in one monitor data file can be printed and plotted as a function of time using Option 52 If the monitors stored in one file were used in only one channel the data can be compared and plotted as a function of time By selecting a suitable filename corresponding to the irradiation location comparator factors can be printed plotted per monitor type or per irradiation A mean comparator factor is calculated for every irradiation or subdirectory in fact per measurement identification You can select the comparator factors of any irradiation by entering a wildcard for the monitors and selecting a measurement identification code SCK7V Another possibility is to select a monitor identification code AU and entering a wildcard for the measurements An example is given in Figure 5 7 The resulting outputs are given in Figures 5 8 and 5 9 ESI MONITOR DATA FILE 722 E D x Monitor file identification or ERTA RTv4 Monitor identification or Measurement identification ar f Figure 5 7 Input screen for History Comparator Factors Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 90 ESKayzero for Windows 2 01 MONITOR DATA BR 1T4 AUZ ml xj File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help amp x MONITOR DATA BR1Y4 3 1242005 20 04 23 For monitor AI and irradiations CODE MONITOE DATE alpha BE SCKiV AU2 0306
40. you can enter these manually determined Cd ratios if you like see Figure 6 4 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 95 faa Calculations Input form 1 ml x Monitor File Identification BRI Monitor Measurement Bare Monitor Measurement Cd Covered Ratios ales 1 338 5 448 15 025 1 561 1 153 0 533 0 454 1 320 4 000 4 000 auis fort 0 1D oc fort Jb IED c6 mv gei gorico ait ori e07 1CD NF239 e OT e07 1CD phh233 pori ZNE5 607 1 x C93 607 1 L mi n Ex 03 DR OM BO PED 2 405 0 220 607 1C0 607 1C0 O61 1 318 0 000 0 000 0 504 0 512 0 000 0 000 j 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 000 N RR Interim results Method Cd Aatio Bare Cd Covered BH1 584 Load Set Save Set Figure 6 4 Entering manually determined Cd ratios After pushing the lt OK gt button f and alpha are calculated resulting in a plot and a printed output see Figure 6 5 and 6 6 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 96 ea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 Multi Monitors Cd ratio monitor Plot for BR1 564 File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLO Archive Tools Window Help f and alpha calibration using f and alpha calculations using Cd ratio monitor ioj x ig x TL CEI E EE La ETT LE LU a4 a ee 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 o LH D l el A T A e LIB LIII E f i DT OJ LE TIO S DL LLLELJ EET 100 Er n T Fr
41. 1 183 Please make sure the concentration for the elements Ba is correct before accepting Cancel Reset Figure 3 41 Quantitative interference correction You can accept the result or reset the old values To make the best possible result you should check the results of all involved nuclides In this particular case the correction is not really necessary and also not very good so de selection of the bromine line in figure 3 40 is a better and simpler action After the last element has been checked the screen given in figure 3 42 will appear Here the total spectrum countrate is given for each measurement as Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 49 well as the total spectrum countrate for the background fag Order DEMO Sample 1B P 3 N E EdEO b60 ER5 0 30 06 2002 z oO x Cancel Pririt Previous Hent E a ja ea K ca wm e co co a o As Br Ma In se Bae Bba a sm ee ty End Check Order DEMO Sample 1B SCK RY 1 SCRIVI SCKR YS Detector DSM2 DSM2 DSM2 Position 2 1 1 Decay Time 3hS55m 4s 18h45m24s Bdrr3h32m24s Measurement time 41 m1532 Bhd1mzzz 15h18m453zs Total cps SPECTRUM 024 0 3755 8 33 5 Total cps BGD deo 1 3 Ls Figure 3 42 Final screen of option Samples Select Reject analytical Lines If the difference between the spectrum and the background count rate is large then a new measurement after further decay might be sensible A longer measurement time might perhaps a way to
42. 1 5000 keV energy range The K edge discontinuity is included see Figure A4 1 All elements can be selected using their full name or their symbol using a in front Chemical formulas can also be used for instance H2O for water More complex material compositions can be stored as a material composition see Option 13 in SOLCOI The coefficient for a certain energy is found using log log 3 point interpolation Mass absorption coefficient minus coherent 1000 g 100 0 00010 i 100 1000 5000 10 Energy in keV Figure A4 1 Mass absorption coefficients for carbon and germanium as a function of energy o carbon x germanium 1 E STORM and H I Israel Photon Cross Sections from 0 001 to 100 MeV for Elements 1 through 100 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory of the University of California 1967 Appendix 4 Mass Absorption Coefficients A19 Appendix 5 Matrix Interpolation Vials The calculation of a solid angle and a coincidence correction factor file for one position takes approximately 1 2 hours for a 80386 processor This is not too long compared to the measuring time but collecting the necessary data for the calculation vial dimensions wall thicknesses vial material sample composition and densities needed to calculate the linear absorption coefficients takes time and may be a source of errors These drawbacks can be avoided by using standard sample vials for counting Then only the filling height sam
43. 1 S325 LZ eel 4 620E 2 5 2243 0 4 620E 2 4 2754 0 4 620E 2 1 Isotope Mg 27 Element Mg MAD rels i O01 0 640 Q0 2 0 000 Eres E Uu Bo eV TJ 2j JADE TIZ 3 DU ds 0 000 min F1 0 000 F2 D uU O US 0 000 F4 0 000 Oe 000 Energy KO Factor code interfering nuclides L9 aT Oa Ou B 1 843 8 2 93950B 4 1 1014 4 seu D Bis il Isotope Al1 28 Element Al M D rel 1 OUT Uode 0 000 Eres 11800 0 eV HESA AF ud pq E 0 2000r TIT 0 000 bibay F1 0 000 E2 0 000 F3 000 0 F4 0 2000 FS OD DO Energy kO factor code interfering nuclides TOTE d AO UBI S Leo 3d 4 129759 js POOR SZ 4 PIT ND 1 for more radionuclides see the listing made by the program Appendix 7 KAYZERO Library A25 Explanation of some of the data in the KAYZERO Library M D mother daughter relations and factor F1 F5 1 recommended ko factor 2 tentative measured in only one laboratory 3 theoretical ko factor for interference correction purposes only 4 single escape peaks with ko factor of original peak added according 5 double escape peaks with ko factor of original peak added according 7 effective energy with recommended ko factor 8 effective energy with non recommended ko factor The mean resonance energy if Eres is zero KAYZERO will use Q0 1 instead of Qo a Mother Daughter relations The M D relations are in the KAYZERO Library numbered from 1 to 19 These number correspond to the roman numbe
44. 10 0573 Print New Results Vacuum Gap mrm Tap Diead Layer Thickness mm z 4447 0 3800 1 4441 Do not use data deviating more than 10 OF Cancel Small Farm Figure 4 29 Screen for changing the dead layer thickness and vacuum gap Chapter 4 SolCoi 6 If necessary you may change the values to find better suited values Just enter in the User Data field your own guess for deadlayer thickness and or vacuum gap and press the Print New Results gt button The results of these calculations are added to the automatically generated data given in Figure 4 30 al Kayzero for Windows 2 01 Fine Tuning DEMO 1 O x 5 x o File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools window Help FINE TUNING DETECTOR DEMO 0371272005 13 25 23 FINE TUNING MEASUREMENT DATA Fos 1 88330 38462 49110 25641 O0000 0 anan Source PTE PTE PTE PTE Energy keV Eg T22 B61 iiia 0 Pos 2 26962 20205 70819 79487 nad O0000 Fos 3 i5278 87179 64769 46154 00000 00000 Fos 4 96378 B2092 50554 56410 00000 00000 Mean deviations after fine tuning User choise Initial Best guess 10 0513 8 6000 10 0513 O0 4441250 0 3800000 00 4441250 Vacuum gap mm Top Dead layer thickness mm E ffl Effb5 Exp Calc Eff2 Effb Exp Calc E f3 amp Effb5 Exp Calc Eff4 Effb Energy Dew Deu Lev X Exp Calc 59 5
45. 101852805 23 07 02 ETE sth 2o VOL PIF 1071072005 21 00 02 BoD SPE EFFDATA 2BG96 SPE 2711 2005 23 09 02 BOD PTF EFFDATA 2BG85 PTF 10 10 2005 21 00 02 SAMPLE 4 739500 q IRRADIATION PARAMETERS BR1 Y4 f 33 0000 Alpha 0 0720 Fc 3231 10 30 07 19 08 29 00 ti 14400 z MEASUREMENT DATA 257V01 PTF D5H 2 5 pos 2 BOD 2BG95 PTF 30 707 719 16 24 04 tm 2473 2 DTS 0 0 X td 14104 z Matrix ZC 2H4 4 740 g Izotope energy area error coi Azp cpm eff kU Au 1000 Concentration Ha 24 1368 6 9 577E 3 1 130 0 978 3 611E 2 4 100F 3 4 680F4 1 2 846E 2 1 Ha 24 1732 0 4 871E 2 9 91 1 000 1 796E 1 3 427E 3 4 620E 1 1 716E 1 5 Na 24 2243 0 5 696E 2 5 920 1 000 2 100E 1 2 810EF 3 4 620F4 1 2 446E 1 4 Na 24 2754 0 5 015E 3 1 426 0 275 1 896E 2 2 4 3E 3 4 52 0E 1 2 583E 2 1 A Figure 3 30 Interim Results A burn up correction procedure is built in the correction factors are given when the interim results are printed Burn up correction for monitors and samples is performed using the data in KAYZERO BUR for the isotopes Eu 154 Ta 182 Au 198 Dy 165 Pm 149 and Rh 105 If this file is not present burn up correction is not performed Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 37 3 4 4 Printing the Element Concentrations When the calculations are finished you can print the calculated concentrations using Reports Results see Figure 3 31 You can change the output formats etc using Tools Options see Appendix 6
46. 105 Gamma lines delta E 0 6 keV Measured 18 Explained GE B3 3 4 explained by identified radionuclides Unexplained U 0 0 amp peak in library but unexplained Unknown 4 15 7 X qamma lines not in FAYZERO library False peaks T 0 0 amp peak area is smaller than LD The unknown gamma lines are energy in keV 69 83 1087 Figure 3 16 Result of F printout Reporting Results Per gamma one measurement Monitors Only energies with kO code 1 will be used for F calculation Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 25 3 4 Determination of the Element Concentrations All necessary options for the calculation of element concentrations after a NAA analysis are given in the Sample Menu Options See Figure 3 17 The measurement data of a neutron activation analysis are stored in a so called order file In this file data of up to 500 measurements can be stored The order file identification is normally a number The order file can be linked to a client using the Sample Order Input option Eskayzero for Windows 2 01 File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI A Order Input Measurement Peak Summation Energy Calibration Calculate Select Reject Analytical Lines Select Samples and Elements For Order Report Print Order Report Figure 3 17 Sample options 3 4 1 Order Input By choosing the first option Order Input see Figure 3 17 you can enter general information about the analysis job Figure 3 18
47. 29 210 xi Order LU 28 be Data directory SCE PY Sample 1B Measurement Found Measurement SCE AMT Sample data Irradiation Data Measurement Data Shart Input Start date dd mmy 30 7138 v Start time hh mm 32 11 08 29 00 00 5 End date dd mm yuuy 30 7138 v End time hh mm 33 1 12290000 Flux variation during the irradiation Double Click Here to Ls Reactor BRI Data from file Channel kayzero irr Alpha nora 0 07200 a000 33 00000 Comparator Factor 29130000 3300 00000 Irradiation Container For Blank Correction F OF Cancel Figure 3 21 Irradiation Data tab sheet If you measure your sample in the vial in which you irradiated the sample you might want to subtract blank concentration values The file name of the blank file can be entered under rradiation Container for Blank correction You can see a list of blank files Irradiation Container For Blank Correction R The blank files BLK are stored in the root directory of the program You can enter new blank values or create a blank file using the default blank files and the File Open Blank Files option see Figure 3 22 Check an existing file e g R BLK to see the file format See Figure 3 23 Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 30 Zoeken in Co kap vo BH pe Onlangs geopend Bureaublad Flin documenten E SL Deze computer a Mijn
48. 3 26 Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 33 Detector Geometry lupe 5 10 ml polystyrene kO sample vial m Direct Solco Calculation een Don 2 T Volume 10 799 10 799 m atris Weight gram l Direct ao kenem 4 73950 Density 0 44 8 00 g ml v icoH4 o Calculation Matis composition HLZH4 Mat 5102 Filing Height mm 0 40 vial Height 10 40 mm Figure 3 26 Efficiency input data Direct Solcoi Calculation marked In the info screen KAYZERO indicates if it has found all the SOLANG effective solid angle and coincidence correction factor files for a matrix interpolation data set for the counting vial type S 5 densities on detector DSM2 If background subtraction optional is performed the relevant peak table file must be entered This file must be located in the Efficiency Data directory The preset dead time has to be entered if a Dead Time Stabilizer DTS is used otherwise the dead time as measured with a pulser has to be introduced If you enter a dead time of 0 the dead time as measured by the multi channel analyzer is taken from the spectrum data file In the case of an LFC the dead time entered should be 0 If the dual LFC spectrum option is used advised then there are several options The second uncorrected spectrum can be stored in a file with the extension LFC the software will detect the Dual LFC Spectrum If a dual spectrum is collected and stored in a single spectrum fi
49. 5MZz 23404272004 type D in E 5102 Sc 15DSH2 23 042004 type S5 10 ml polystyrene kU sanple vial 53 2DDSMZ 234042720043 type D in FR 5102 SC 2SDSHZ 23404472004 type 5 10 ml polystyrene kU sample vial 5C SDDSMe 2a U4 7004 type D in FR 5102 5 joDSHz 2347044272004 type 5 10 ml polystyrene kU sample vial 5C 4DDSMe2 23404720043 type D in FR 5102 SC 4S5SDSM 2 23 04 2004 type 5 10 ml polystyrene kU sanmple vial 5C 5 DDSMZ 23704 2004 type D in R 5102 9c B5SDSHz 23404272004 type 5 10 ml polystyrene k zample vial SC AUDSM 1971172005 Au A l wire in zpronckvial diu D2H2 307 0672002 reference solang 5 FTBDSM 2 03 1272005 PTB reference source Sc ZRDSM 3070672002 Zirconium disc in spronckvial Sc number of 5SIM files found 14 number of free GBytez 20 194 Figure 4 24 A list of available input files for SOLANG and COINCALC o olang and or C oincalc indicate that the calculations were performed Chapter 4 SolCoi 2 Other lists are those of available detector and source data files Figures 4 25 and 4 26 All these lists can be filtered using the standard DOS filtering possibilities e g DSM The standard filter is using this means all files are selected a Kayzero for Windows 2 01 LIST Detector files f ml x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOT Archive Tools Window Help a x AVAILABLE DETECTOR DATA FILES D KAY V5A XEFFDAT 1341242005 Ham
50. 71996 3 300E 1 7 200E 2 3 374E 3 03 00 00 SCK2V AU2 24 06 1996 3 300E 1 7 200E 2 3 355E 3 09 55 00 SCK3V AU2 25706 13996 3 300E 1 7 200E 2 3 298E 3 08 57 00 SCEK4V AU2 2770671996 3 300E 1 7 200E 2 3 308E 3 08 59 00 SCK V AU2 o 3407 1996 3 300E 1 7 200E 2 3 291E 3 08 29 00 OVERALL STATISTICS MEAN 3 300E 1 2lU0l0E 2 33m STH DEV 3 309E 1 STH DEV Xx 1 00 H 5 5 5 MAX 3 300E 1 7 2O0E 2 3 3 74E 3 MIN 3 S300E 1 7 2U0R 2 3 291E 3 een 0370671996 3070771996 E Figure 5 8 Printed output of History Comparator Factors monitors measured in BR1YA ExiKayzero for Windows v2 01 Plot Fc Data BR1 4 AUZ FA X File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 5 x MONITOR DATA BRTYA 37272005 20 04 23 Far monitor AUZ and irradiations U4 061996 19 06 1996 0401996 19 07 1996 Kavzero for Windows E eee Figure 5 9 Plotted output of History Comparator Factors for BR1Y4 Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 91 5 3 Reactor Calibration Data The reactor flux parameters Fc f and a can be determined by irradiating monitors In this program the bare triple method is used to calculate the reactor flux parameters History Reactor Calibration option is based on the bare triple method using the Au Zr monitor couple as described in the Vade Mecum
51. A 2SVUI FTFE 55 peaks 9 4064 keV 0 49594 ch 1 20262 H 8132 LFC Sample id 1B Meas id SCK V 1 O x x Background interval 3 00 FWHH in keV SD is calculated by EAYZERQO FWHH 1 359 6 1E 4 E 0 000 E 2 0 000 E 3 E in keV 30707796 16 24 04 tm e473 DTS O 0 X td ShSSmn04s DSM S pos zZ matrix ZC2H4 4 740 g Background 2BG85 PTF Element Huclide Energy onc SD LD k code Interfer nucl kev ng g 4 ng q interfered Ha Ha 24 1368 6 fo4 6 1 13 20 2 1 Ha Ha z24 2754 0 258 35 1 43 eae aa Cl 1 38 1542 7 5b2 95 9 1 91 2355 7 1 Cl 1 38 2167 4 EE 1 62 1056 3 1 Ar Ar 4d1 1293 6 B27 7 U amp 7 6 7 2 In 116m Without interference corr Bi3 1 Mn Mn 56B 046 8 164 6 0 26 U 3 1 Mn Mn 565 1610 7 179 3 m zl 1 3 Mn Mn 565 eld oe 161i oe 1 8 1 In 116m Lu Lu 6 4 511 26 5 2 18 B l 2 zn zZn B55 EPIS B5 711 2 4 57 13093 2 1 Zn 2n 6 9m 438 5 B5934 0 0 41 518 3 1 GA 5a 7 2 479 2 2692 9 40 39 157 073 GA 3a 7 2 a34 13 8 8 10 4 1 1 Cu B845 GA 5a 7 2 2201 7 200 13 33 eat ox Br Br 8 2 554 3 IDL GS 3 33 17 6 1 Br Br 82 513 1 5d po 5 43 35 4 1 Ba 131 Br Br 8 B98 4 161 0 7 15 12 8 1 Br Br 8 2 765 5 gh se ae 22 13 0 1 Br Br 8 2 B27 8 prs DO sss 46 0 1 Br Br 82 1044 154 1 7 8U 47 0 1 Br Br 8 Tai 25 170 2 7 UZ2 41 9 1 Br Br 8 2 1474 9 1392 3 5 dT 50 8 1 In In 116m 416 9 0 6 33 82 U 8 1 In In 116m 1037 3 0 7 17 62 0 4 1 In In 116m L293 5 35 7
52. BLE 2 FELLE 2 1 I Figure A3 1 Schematic representation of the two main steps of the program and the necessary input data Appendix 3 ko Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A11 Ko Standardization N p tm epe w 14 koar o Gif Gem Qo 0 8 pm j Np tm ko Au Graf Gea Qo ql pa SDC w Using the ko standardization method an element concentration p4 in mg kg can be calculated from the peak area of a single gamma line 1 where N is the net peak area of a gamma line corrected for dead time and true coincidence losses using the coincidence correction factor see SOLCOI manual tm is the measuring time S D and C are the saturation decay and measuring factors respectively W is the mass of the sample in grams w is the mass of the monitor element in grams Gn and G are correction factors for thermal and epithermal neutron self absorption Qo is the thermal to epithermal cross section ratio f and a are parameters describing the neutron flux distribution and e is the full energy peak efficiency see Figure A3 2 In this formula a stands for analyte the element analyzed and m stands for monitor ko values are taken from Ref 2 1 1 Pa Efficiency In view of the extensive calculations which must be done for efficiency determination and coincidence correction counting geometries should be standardised as much as possible For these standardised geometries SOLANG effect
53. Bestandsnaam R B LE ia netwerklocaties Bestandstypen Blank Carrectian Files Annuleren Ji Figure 3 22 Selecting a blank correction file using File Open faa Kayzero for Windows 2 01 R BLK File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Container blank Element Mass in microgram sd in microgram Comment container Type E voor langlevend HAA Na 0 001 0 0003 Br 0 001 0 0002 Cr 1 0 0 1 Figure 3 23 The typical blank correction file format The measurement data can be entered on the Measurement Data tabsheet Figure 3 24 The detector that was used for the measurement the counting vial type and the counting position have to be entered The detector name and vial type are chosen in So Co A detector name has maximal 4 characters and a vial Source maximal 3 characters You can only use the detectors and sources defined in So Coi Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 31 ioj xl Order LU Z8 BS Data directory SEE Pv s Sample 1B Measurement Found Measurement SCR FY Sample data Irradiation Data Measurement Data Short Input Detector DSM2 PG amp T 42 7 Matrix Interpolation Geometry 5 type 5 10 ml polystyrene kL sample vial Geometry data Okay Counting position 2 Volume 10 799 m l Matris Weight gram 4 73950 a r A Fd sample mass Density 0 2 8 0 g ml Calculation I atris composition C2H4 Maternal Okay Background s
54. Concentration 155 0 154 5 155 150 5 Expected StnDev 95 0 2 1 8 0 2 We Observed StnDev 1 1E 3 4 LD element 029 13 0 1 0 89 Figure 3 40 Demonstration of incompatible limits of detection for Br 80 The detection limit of Br 80 in Figure 3 40 shows that there might be something wrong The Br 80 concentration is lower than 40 ng g while the Br 80 is not present in the list Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 48 Looking more closer at the peak table file and other reports is becomes clear why Br 80 is not found The highest peak of Br 80 is very close to a high peak of Br 82 and is therefore not found In this figure 3 40 one of the energies is printed in a green font This means that the interference correction for this line can be checked By clicking at this figure with your mouse a special form will appear as shown in figure 3 41 The standard interference correction is more or less qualitative and meant for only nuclide identification This option will allow a much better correction and allows the user to check first the quality of the average concentration of the interfering elements Exi Quantitative Interference Correction Ioj x Interference correction tor Br Br 87Z Ele Conc Hucl Ener Code SQCEK7V 1 SCE V Z SOQCE7V 3 Br 155 Br 82 619 11 154 153 205 old correction factor 0 544 Ba 64367 Ba 131 670 1 2 793485 1 811 Corrected concentrations Br Br 82 513 1 153 158 54 1 000 1 000
55. E D 1 054E 0 AVERAGES for DETECTOR DET ACT ACT o ACT MEAH 1 001E 0 1 013E 0 1 032E 0 sll EV a 3453 2 S8B5B8E 3 d BlLJE s STH DEY x ym 2 0 25 H l B B B OVERALL STATISTICS MEAN 1 001E 0 1 013E 0 1 032E 0 STH DEY 3 734E 3 J 958E 3 2 619E 3 STH DEV x Oa 0 29 0 25 H B B B MAX 1 O06EF 0 1 017E 0 1 03 7E 0 HIH 39 943E 1 1 007E 0 1 029E 0 PERIOD O2 01 1996 26 02 1996 Figure 5 5 The printed output of the relative activity of the detector calibration file CAL96 for DSM detector 2 Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 88 ExiKayzero for Windows 2 01 Plot Efficiency History CAL96 DET2 lol x lt o File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 8 x DETECTOR EFFICIENCY DATA CALG Eu 152 03 12 2005 19 55 16 For detector DET2 30 12 1885 01 03 1996 L1 Eu 152 121 80 kew Eu 152 778 30 ke Eu 152 1406 10 key Relative activity oO 0 6 06 01 1996 13 01 1996 2041 19895 2 41 1396 03021996 10021996 17021996 24021996 Kayzero for vindows Figure 5 6 The plotted output of the relative activity of the detector calibration file CAL96 for DSM detector 2 Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 89 5 2 Comparator Factors The comparator factor is a value proportional to the epithermal neutron flux and one of the three ko NAA reactor flux parameters All the comparator factor measurements that
56. EW SAMPLES IN MONITOR FILE 621 Ioj x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 8 x Kavzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 620 rder BE1Y4 List type 2 sorted on id BRIY4 Honit Z HeazX Irr date time t irr s reactor channel f alpha Fc AUZ lt SCELY 1 03 06 796 09 00 00 4h BR1 Y4 3r 0o rs 330 8 Fo 3373 855 SD ezxp 0 225 4 SD obz 0 000 x AUZ SCE2Y 1 24 06 96 08 55 00 4h BR1 Y4 33 0 0 0720 3355 4 Fo 3355 3982 SD Bexp 0 291 4 SD obz 0 000 x AUZ lt SCESY 1 25 06 96 08 57 00 4h BR1 Y4 33 0 0 0720 3298 0 Fo 3297 990 SD exp 0 224 4 SD obz 0 000 x AU2 SCEA4Y 1 ef U06 96 08 59 00 4h BRI Y 4 33 0 0 0720 3307 8 Fo 3307 815 SD exp 0 184 X SD obz 0 000 x AU2A4 SCE V 1 3007496 08 29 00 4h BR1 Y4 33 0 0 0720 3291 4 Fo 3291 380 SD exp 0 080 4 SD obz 0 000 x Figure 3 14 Result of F printout In this list the weighted mean comparator factor as well as the expected and observed standard deviations in the mean are given for the comparator isotope Only gamma lines with kO code 1 are used for the calculation of the mean value By using the Reporting Results Per gamma one measurement Monitors printing option see figure 3 15 you can print F per measurement Again the monitor file identification the monitor identification and the measurement identification have to be specified fea REPORT COMPARATOR FACTORS per MEASUREMENT 551 in
57. Kayzero for Windows for reactor neutron activation analysis NAA using the ko standardization method Version 2 User s Manual Version 1 00 November 2005 ooftware developed by DSM Research Geleen NL for NAA based on the ky standardization method developed at the INW RUG Gent B and the AEKI Budapest H Kayzero for Windows User s Manual Kayzero for Windows for calculating element concentrations in NAA analyses based on the kp standardization method Version 2 Distribution and support Prof Dr F De Corte Gent University Lab Anal Chem Institute for Nuclear Sciences INW tel 82 9 2646627 fax 32 9 2646699 Frans Decorte rug ac be Proeftuinstraat 86 B 9000 Gent Belgium www kayzero com Table Of Contents 4 INEFOGUCUTION c usa NYSE KREDUS QUEFERYEREEREYSNUSMUSARUN MEN ES RNNMM IUE 1 Installation and User Interface 3 Zk IIS MIO NETTE TT 3 2 1 1 New user of Kayzero ecsesssessessseseen nennen nnne nnns 4 2 1 2 Upgrade from Kayzero Solcoi Version 4 4 2 129 Upgrade from Kayzero Solcoi Version 5 4 2 1 4 Upgrade from Kayzero Solcoi Version 5A 4 22 RUNING DE OG aM ERE Uo To DT 4 2 3 User Marise MEET UU UMS 5 2 3 1 The uui sirere A o 2 3 2 Program QUID UL c 9 2 3 3 IG RIS INR T EO D D T 8 Analysis Evaluation
58. LFC W is calculated This is the ratio of the gross number of counts of a peak in the corrected spectrum and the gross number of counts in the same area in the uncorrected spectrum If the area of a peak was corrected for a peak in the detector background the peak area without the background correction is also given without BS Chapter 6 Reference Guide 101 faa Kayzero for Windows v2 01 REPORT PEAK DATA SAMPLE ORDER 540 DEMO 1B Ioj x Fie Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools window Help x a Kavzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 6403 REPORT FEAE DATA Order id DEMO Sample id 1B Meas id SCE 7V 1 KAYZERGO LIB VERB 0 3006 2002 0 50 keV Sample weight 4 739500 g IRRADIATION PARAMETERS BE1 Y4 30707796 08 29 00 ET MEASUREMEHT DATA 2S7 01 PTF 55 peaks 9 4064 keV 0 49594 ch 1 20262 H 8132 LFC Background interval 3 00 FWHM in keV SD iz calculated by KAYZERO FWHM 1 359 amp 1E 4 E 0 000 E 2 0 000 E 3 E in keV 33 0000 Alpha O 0 20 Fc 3291 10 14400 30707796 16 24 04 tm 2473 DTS 0 0 X td thSSn0ds D5M2 5 pos 2 matrix ZC2H4 4 740 g Background 2B6G95 FPTF Energy Area LFC Backgr SD LFC W Identification keV counts counts X 7 0 60 keV ray pog 0 10181 0 00 1 03 Rh 104n 124 1 710 14771 24 81 1 03 Ba 131 Er 171 155 08 182069 12786 Doors a dq 33 Ba rl39 216 17 Soy 13298 32 95 1 033 Th 160
59. O 41800000 0 00 2 BB8 1l 526n0n0nu 0 00 3 122 1 O 54800000 O 00 4 136 5 O0 52200000 0 00 L 511 l O 24600000 0 00 5 551 6 O 21200000 0 00 T 834 8 O 18300000 0 00 B 1115 5 O0 16100000 O 00 FEAK TO TOTAL RATIO FIT RESULTS DEMOP1 0371272005 13 50 14 Energy regions 40 0 1029 9 3500 0 keV First energy region 40 1500 keV order 3 LOG seff 11 958682 14 520476 LOG E l 5 818886 LOG E 2 0 740477 LOG E3 3 Energy Feak to total ratio Diff Stnidey Meas Label key Measured Fitted 4 x 5g ea O 41800000 O0 41939974 33 O 00 ao 1 O0 57600000 0 52367068 44 0 00 pos O S54800000 0 53951266 1 57 O 00 136 5 0 52200000 O0 53075179 1 65 0 00 511 0 0 24600000 O 24875696 l1 11 0 00 B61 6 0 21200000 O0 20908720 1 39 O 00 834 8 0 18300000 0 18274371 0 i4 D urn 1115 5 O0 16100000 0 16167148 42 O 00 Mean difference messured fitted BL S49R 4 X Standard dev measured fitted ds c Discontinuity at end of region l 324E 3 X Second energy region 200 3500 keV order 1 LoG eff 0 875934 0 549413 LOG E 1 Energy Feak to total ratio Diff SGtndev Meas Label keV Heazured Fitted X X 511 0 0 24600000 0 24428252 0 70 O 00 b61 6 U 41200000 O0 21196405 0 02 0 00 834 8 O 168300000 D 185542588 1 90 0 00 1115 56 O0 16100000 0 15907966 Ii 0 00 Mean difference measured fitted 6 J389E 3 X Standard dew measured fitted Labo Overall mean difference for this fit Hz Overall stand
60. O 6 0 3 1 r 41 without interference corr iic Sh Sb 122 554 7 bl soe Se ies oe Ba Ba 131 123 8 518554 3 24 48 odzolw Ba Ba 131 2165 1 EII99 5 32 4d 74495 1 1 Ba Ba 131 496 3 b1466 2 14 47 34820 8 1 Be Ba 134 165 9 658656 5 0 25 244 7 1 Ba Ba 1383 1420 5 53110 0 13 35 31827 9 3 amma lines P 3 N I1 dE0 60 VERB DB 300672002 Measured BB Explained LEES 70 2 4 explained by identified radionuclides Unexplained 0 0 0 x peak in library but unexplained Unknown 5 9 1 4 gamma lines not in KAYZERO library False peaks r 12 7 X peak area is smaller than LD The unknown gamma linezs are energy in keV 617 2523 2657 2960 3370 E ee Figure 3 33 Output for Reports Results Per Gamma One Measurement Samples Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation A0 If you turn off isotope identification all gammas will appear in the list of explained gammas Reports Results Per gamma for several measurements This option will give a list of all gamma lines found in several measurements Per row the gamma line energy the related element and radionuclide and the found concentrations are given for up to six measurements The order identification sample identification and up to 6 measurement identifications can be specified Again isotope identification and interference correction can be turned off see figure 3 34 ESREPORT CONCENTRATIONS FOR SEVERAL MEASUREMENTS 552 2 mi x Order identification or l DEMO v Int
61. SM1 Pulse shaping time 4 000 microsec Matrix material Si02 Number of isotopes in data file LOGO NA24 2 1368 6 keV 94586 98809 29090607 299372 p99 913 2754 0 keV 9 909 98 100 99644 99861 SOFIO MG27 3 EOT Kew 0939 91 29010 07 09905759 99854 299908 1014 4 keV lig OZ 39 1 00041 190 91 1 904005 1 00002 AL28 L Slow 1 Appendix 2 KAYZERO SOLCOI program system and data files A9 957 1 CL38 2 1642 4 keV 4904509 YOO TS 99099 99969 99912 ZO Tar Key 95039 2290010 pO Tad 99900 429954 K42 2 S254 Kev S PDT 90724 s9964 99980632 399910 K43 10 2200 KEV SOOLE LOT 4 99 07 ESITO H9 23 3120 kev 219209 76 239996 9907 99844 99 904 5964 7 kev zd Dao 2950355 499493 rT oe 49 996 404 3 keV 0009 SIOE 9922F 4990909 29012 593 4 keV 4909597 1 99 599 BOO SZ i 09929 299954 oT ao Kev 92028 4994061 pd DO 2499557 2299403 901 2 keV LOU LG 190099 299492 2909794 2499916 Ieor Key 13420044 429029 dU 6 4202259 doro 4 1021 90 KEV 92069 99471 99995 4990939 999032 139440 KEV UNCTUS h9959 2UOA TS UL T DU A52 CA47 S 489 2 keV 932 9 4990629 29962 6959003 99906 930 4 keV 4932 06 2 590 1 7 299070 IIO 4299907 TOT D kev 96040 99213 99790 99916 90929 907 9 kev 292606 20 99 299614 29964 7 99907 IZ9T L kev 1 2 040 09 20005 00014 200009 400003 ca i CA49 6 143 2 keV 493099 98492 4995 94 499939 409592 856 1 keV 9031 9o 70 489654 999069 99911 98 Fso Kev Become oe 98622 996 70 199374 PES boo US
62. TT ratios Before starting the calculations the dead layer and the vacuum gap of the detector have to be determined using measurements and the fine tuning procedure If ready one can compute the detection efficiency for nearly any source using the reference efficiency curve and the effective solid angles for the calibration source geometry at the reference position and the effective solid angles for the source see Vade Mecum and Appendix 1 The SolCoi options for each of the above mentioned steps are shown in Figure 4 1 For file locations and for file formats see Appendix 2 The data directory of SOLCOI can be checked changed with Tools Options SolCoi You can make this directory the same as the efficiency data directory of KAYZERO if you like or select a temporary directory Ini xi Fie Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOL Archive Tools Window Help Input Source Detector Data Calculate Show Input Output Data Show Data Lists Print EFFiciency Coincidence Data k Fit Reference Efficiency or PTT curve P Fine Tuning Figure 4 1 Main Menu of SOLCOI Chapter 4 SolCoi 54 4 2 Effective Solid Angle and Coincidence Correction Factor Calculation 4 2 4 Data input and calculations Data input and calculation options are grouped in the nput Source Detector Data this is the first option of the SOLCOI menu see Figure 4 1 After entering the detector source holder data and the reference source geometry data
63. The reactor calibration parameters can be calculated by this program and are stored in the monitor file For the benefit of the History Reactor Calibration option the reactor calibration data are stored in the data record of the second measurement of the Zr monitor The reactor flux parameters can now be plotted and printed as a function of time In figure 5 10 the necessary input screen is given ESI MONITOR DATA IDENTIFICATION 723 O x Monitor file identification or Monitor identification or Measurement identification or List type 5 M Figure 5 10 History Reactor Calibration option Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 92 6 Reference Guide In this chapter some important additional options will be discussed 6 1 Monitor Analysis Menu Important options in this menu are the f and a calculation using the Zirconium method and the Multi Monitors method The algorithm calculates all the neutron spectrum characterization parameters in terms of the Hegdahl convention The results will be Fc f and a values Ea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 B x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Monitor File Measurement Peak Summation Energy Calibration Calculate Comparator Factor Calculate F and alpha using Zirconiurn Calculate F and alpha using Multi Monitors Print Fc F and alpha Figure 6 1 Monito
64. a Measurement Data Start date dd mm vey Ej07139956 m Start time hh mm 3 11 08 29 00 00 5 End date dd mm yuuy 30 7198 v End time hh mm ssi 12290000 Fluxvariation during the irradiation Double Click Here ta Use Reactor BRI Data from file Channel 14 kayazero ir Alpha nora 0 07200 i30000 33 00000 OF Cancel Figure 3 7 Irradiation Data tab The reactor and channel can be picked from a list The f and a can be entered by clicking the panel name on the right of the reactor edit field The reactor and channel in which the irradiation took place have to be entered together with the corresponding f and a values You can select reactor and channel from a list The f and a can then be taken from a table stored on disk The table is stored in the file KAYZERO IRR file in the Kayzero root directory see Appendix 2 The KAYZERO IRR file is an ASCII file It can be updated using a file editor Or you can enter and change the table by using the File Open option select for file type the Reactor Channels File For editing this file you need to use the right mouse button and enter ok as password In the Measurement Data tab you can enter the measurement data see Figure 3 8 You can also use a flux variation data file to correct for variations in the neutron flux during the irradiation See chapter 6 Reference Guide Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 17
65. a number e g 1 but can also be related to the subdirectory containing the data the parent data directory is specified in Tools Options Directories In the latter case the name should contain the name of the subdirectory followed by and a measurement identification e g SCK V 1 The order file name the sample identification the measurement Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 27 identification the measurement data directory and the order directory are displayed on each sample data input screen see Figure 3 20 3 24 If all spectra of a particular irradiation day are stored in a subdirectory the measurement identification code can be used to select all data of that particular irradiation In the example the irradiation was called SCKY V and all measurement data was stored in the directory X SCK 7VVY EX Enter measurement data 102 mi x Order identification ar DEMO Sample identification or 1B E Measurenent identification ar S OF Cancel Figure 3 19 Identification of a measurement On the tab sheet Sample Data see figure 3 20 you have to enter the sample weight in grams You can also enter a description and a label for the sample The moisture content is used to calculate the dry weight element concentration The water content is not added automatically to the matrix composition You can calculate the self absorption factor for thermal neutrons for the irradiated sample us
66. alue for different energies In Figure A5 2 the solid angles for different energies are given as a function of u The points represent the calculated solid angles the lines the results of interpolation between these points and the dashed lines connect the points with equal density and matrix composition Solid angles for a 10 ml silicon matrix for different energies 0 020 O calculated solid angles interpolated 200 kev m RE HEX Solid angle ce ae ae a r1 1 4 Figure A5 2 Matrix interpolation log log 3 point Aitkins interpolation is used in KAYZERO SOLCOI The differences between the calculated solid angles using SOLCOI and the interpolated solid angles are very small but the gain in efficiency and time is enormous The inaccuracy of matrix interpolation can easily be checked by the user by comparison of matrix interpolation results with especially calculated values for different sample materials in the same vial Appendix 5 Matrix Interpolation A21 Appendix 6 Parameters The parameters for calculation using the standardization formula evaluation see figure A6 1 and printing see figure A6 2 of the results can be adjusted using 7ools Options Calculation Parameters lt ALT gt lt T gt lt O gt Directories Calculation Parameters Print Parameters Special Parameters Absorption Data Solcoi Energy window for peak recognition 06 in kew Cone sided
67. ample position 1 data used for the calculation of the above used linear attenuation coeff 1000 00003S1T02 900 0000 C2H4 5350 0000Germanium 0 0000 1180 0000PMMA 2100 0000Aluminium 5350 0000Germanium 0 0000 density in kg m3 material DV fuser 24 08419092 QSg l0s37 modification data amp time 0Q 00120000 tdtrstance from platform to Dottom OT vial The typical size of a SIN data file is 2 4 kBytes m Appendix 2 KAYZERO SOLCOI program system and data files A8 Effective solid angle ASCII file file name n source name detector name SOL With n 1 5 in case of a matrix interpolation source file line position in file gt he lt 11 15 gt lt 26 30 gt lt 31 45 gt lt 46 60 gt lt 61 gt Ale n p volume density matrix lt 3 15 gt 18 30 gt 33 45 48 60 63 Lo 2t Q1 evp e ea C5 s C6 ey 4 Cn 5 Sod SOlro Sol Sols SOlq 8 6 EP m T iu re Sod Sols Sol2 2 gs TI de T SOlz n LOS e elec NO den bod s I ae E Pu SOlp n where n number of energies ps number or posrtrons e energy sol effective solid angles The typical size for a SOL file is 1 7 KByte Coincidence correction factors ASCII file file name N source name detector name COl With N 1 5 in case of a matrix interpolation source file Volume vial so 7601 CM3 Number of positions 9 Coincidence factor for ype uf 21027 200 3Jeg mo Detector D
68. an output as given by SINGCOMP the INW Gent program for ko NAA A burn up correction procedure is built in the correction factors are given when the Interim results are printed Burn up correction for monitors and samples is performed using the data in KAYZERO BUR for the isotopes Eu 154 Ta 182 Au 198 Dy 165 Pm 149 and Rh 105 If this file is not present burn up correction is not performed 3 3 5 Printing Fe The calculated F can be printed using Monitors Print Fc f and aloha or Reports Overview Monitors You can use the Reports Overview Monitors option to print averaged F s with expected and observed standard deviations type of list 2 irradiation data see Figure 3 13 The output is shown in Figure 3 14 You can use the data list provided by this option to check the entered data in order to detect input errors You can do this before the calculations are performed However the value of F which is proportional to the epithermal flux density can be estimated so input errors can also be detected by checking the calculated values EN OVERVIEW SAMPLES IN OVERVIEW SAMPLES IN MONITOR FILE 620 l Ioj x Monitor file identification or BRA Monitor identification or oOo W Measurement identification or i List type 2 Irradiation data average Fc s OF Cancel Figure 3 13 Fe print option Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 23 lea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 OVER IEW SAMPLES IN OVERYI
69. apter 3 Analysis Evaluation 12 When choosing the first option Monitor File you can enter some general information about the set of monitors that was used Figure 3 3 Please note the underline letters in the menu bar if you press Alt You can enter the Monitor File option by pressing lt Alt gt lt M gt lt O gt First you need to select the monitor filename This can be a new name or an existing file A monitor file named BR1Y4 STN and an index file BR1Y4 SDX are created in the job and monitor files data directory see Tools Options Directories The data HER is stored in the MONITOR DIR file see Appendix 2 ioj x Monitor file identification C Samples f hiontas Analyst UE Cancel Figure 3 3B Monitor file info 3 3 2 Entering Monitor Data You can enter data of measured monitors using Measurement All data will be stored in the file BR1Y4 STN First the monitor file identification BR1Y4 must be specified See figure 3 4 Then KAYZERO demands a monitor identification e g AU2 It is possible to enter letters and numerals Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 13 The next input is the measurement identification This may be a numeral e g 1 but it may also refer to the subdirectory where the spectrum data is stored oee the measurement data base directory specified in Tools Options Directories In the latter case the measurement identification should contain the subdirectory and a measuremen
70. ard dev Por this fiL Ly ded m Figure 4 34 Fitting output Measurement data and the results of the PTT ratio fit Chapter 4 SolCoi 82 4 4 2 Saving fitted data in KAYZERO data file The results of the curve fitting can and should be stored in data files You can use the Save Fit option see Figure 4 30 The data is related to a detector so you should only enter a detector identification code If the dimensions of the detector have already been entered you can the detector name from the list oee Figure 4 35 for an example of saving a reference efficiency a Store fit results in a reference efficiency data file Bl x Detector DEMO demonstration data Fit Data Energy Regions 30 257 388 776 959 3500 Eff absolute efficiency E energy in kew 1 LOGfefj 20 5039 22 6623 LoGie 9 25566 Logie 2 1 22243 LOGIE 2 LOGfetfj 116425 073450 LOGIE 3 LOGfetfj 1 02845 0 78148 LOGIE OF Cancel Figure 4 35 Storing of reference efficiency fit results The curve fitting data is shown and after you select a detector code stored in a data file See Appendix 2 for the name and format of this data file In case a PTT curve is stored the position has to be given as well First curve fit data of position 1 should be stored in an empty file and then all other positions can be stored successively Chapter 4 SolCoi 83 4 4 3 Comparing stored reference efficiency fit or peak to total r
71. atio fit data with measured data The stored fitting results can be compared with the old measurement data points to confirm that the data files are still valid or to print out the old fitting results The program stores all fitting data in a file with extension FIT so the fit can be retrieved at any time If the fit was not carried out by this program the program will ask for a data file name with the measurement data points The output is a print of the fit results and a plot see Figure 4 36 In the case of a PTT ratio fit this is done for all positions and an additional plot of all PTT curves is also given Exkayzero for Windows 2 01 Efficiency DEMOREF l Ioj x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOIL Archive Tools Window Help lej x Reference efficiency versus energy DEMOREF 03 12 2005 15 20 40 0 01 y Efficienc L c C Deviation 75 Energy in key Kayzero for Meadows Figure 4 36 Comparison of measure efficiency data with the stored reference efficiency fit Chapter 4 SolCoi 84 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations The quality control options in KAYZERO for Windows concern the detector energy and efficiency calibration the detector resolution and background and the reactor calibration see Figure 5 1 iol xi File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Detector Calibration Comparator Factors Reactor Cal
72. ation time for calculating the correct solid angles and coincidence correction factors is negligible Select DSM2 P amp T 42 72 x Matis Interpolation Geometry type 5 10 ml polystyrene k sample vial Geometry data Okay Counting position E Volume 10 799 rl l Matris Weight gram 4 73950 O em F4 sample mass Density 0 2 8 0 gml Pslleulehiar Matia composition tic 2H Maternal Okap Figure 3 25 Efficiency input data matrix interpolation The volume of the container is 10 8 ml and the calculated density of the sample is 0 5 g ml The density is calculated using the matrix weight The figures between brackets indicate that the matrix interpolation data set was calculated using densities from 0 2 to 8 g ml the matrix composition used was SiO The absorption data of the matrix composition of the sample C2H4 and the calculated geometry SiO2 are both known so the matrix interpolation technique can be used see Appendix 4 5 Direct Solcoi Calculation If you select a non point source you also have the option to do a Direct SOLCOI Calculation see checkbox on the right side only for non point sources when the program finds the corresponding source file If you mark this check box you do the Solcoi Calculation together with the normal calculations Sample Calculate this will add some extra calculation time You can enter the sample weight composition but also the filling height in the vial see figure
73. cation in keV are used The standard deviation o4 for the net peak area A is calculated using the formula 0cA 4 A 2 B 3 3 where B is a summation of the counts in n channels of the expected peak width based on n 2 channels to the left and n 2 to the right of the peak The number n is calculated using the FWHM data FWHM in keV as a function of energy stored in the FWHMDET 1 DAT data file of the detector e g DET1 system The FWHM data are printed on the header of the PTF printout For the computation of n the FWHM is multiplied by a factor see Tools Options see Appendix 4 and expressed in a number of channels using the energy calibration The detection limit DL in counts is calculated using Eq 4 DL 2 706 4 653 B 4 4 In this formula B the background is calculated in the energy region where the peak in question is supposed to be present Appendix 3 ko Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A14 Comparator Factor N p tm F c Au K0 Au a Gthat Gea Qo4 E p a In Eq 1 the nuclear data of a monitor isotope selected as the comparator can be compressed into the so called comparator factor Feau This reduces the Ko formula to Pa N p tm 6 10 SDC w Im 6 ko Au UC Gthm Gem Qo m p m F c Au Here the algorithm for calculation of the comparator factor is the same as that used for element concentrations It can be shown from Eq 5 and from the a
74. chive Tools window Help x Interfering threshold reactions Nuclide Element factor uncertainitv Comment reactor channel Na 4 A1 0 000014 0 00001 Figure 3 37 A Selecting the Threshold Interference Correction File B Contents of a typical data file for threshold interference correction This interference correction factor is the apparent concentration of element x based on the given nuclide divided by the concentration of the interfering element In the case of the example of figure 3 37 if the matrix is 100 Al the apparent Na concentration based on Na 24 is 14 mg kg 0 000014 100 with an uncertainty of 1 mg kg In this case the correction is significant even if only 0 1 of Al is present Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 45 The gamma lines that can be selected are only the recommended lines kO code 1 In principle the other lines can be used as well If there is an isotope with only tentative kO s the element will be marked with an and this element will also be shown In case the sample is irradiated and measured in the same sample vial then a blank correction might be needed The irradiation container can be entered in the rradiation Data tabsheet See Figure 3 23 for an example In this case the sample was irradiated and measured in the same Spronck vial R The polyethylene of this vial contains Cr The blank mass of Cr in the vial was determined and entered in a file named R BLK These files
75. continue if decay will not help You can also check the detector and the measurement position to see if you can improve the analysis results You always need to pass this last tab sheet before ending this session The edited data can be stored and used later for the combined report It is also possible to make a printout or a txt file of the selections performed 3 6 Order Report 3 6 1 Select Samples and Elements for Order Report The final result of a neutron activation analysis is of course the report for the customer In many cases the customer is only interested in a few elements Select Samples and Elements for Order Heport will give the operator the opportunity to select elements samples and measurements see Figure 3 43 The selection can be printed in the end result and an additional error can be added to the statistical measurement uncertainty see Tools Options Print Parameters If needed the result can be prepared for an Excel file as well by choosing Excel output The elements can be selected Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 50 using a drop down list You can add more than one element or choose All If you do not want concentrations to be rounded off you can un check the Round off checkbox REPORT PREPARE RESULTS 900 0 x Order identification or l DEMO Iw Interference Correction Sample identification or JE w Isotope Identification Measurement identification or Foo Add 3 5
76. ctivation formula that the comparator factor is proportional to the epithermal neutron flux density Eq 6 This means that the comparator factor is a very useful parameter for checking input data and experimental conditions Thus the approximate value of the comparator factor can be predicted using l p 10 z 6 f M au P 3 47 10 6 _ N ay O Au Sn O0 Au F c Au z with Na Avogadro s number M molar mass 6 isotopic abundance o n V cross section at 2200 m s neutron velocity and y absolute gamma intensity In case of co irradiation of more than one monitor a mean value for the comparator factor can be used Then the comparator factors also directly indicate a gradient in epithermal flux density KAYZERO contains several options for calculating the comparator factor Feau as well as f and a For f and a the Bare Triple Monitor method is implemented in KAYZERO Appendix 3 ko Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A15 Evaluation In the evaluation step when printing the results Option 46 mean element concentrations must be calculated using the results of the standardisation step Evaluation is done using several successive data reduction steps isotope identification eliminating data of nuclides not measurable in the sample gamma interference correction and mean value calculation These three main data reduction options used for evaluation can easily be calculated by hand making ve
77. d enter modify delete and print compositions Material compositions that have to be entered or modified are chosen using the drop down list The data input screen is given in Figure 4 14 lox Material Hame ABS Chemical Form element Weight fraction in Mass absorption Coefficient 1000 Ee 0 006958 mkg OK Cancel Delete Figure 4 14 Material composition input screen Material compositions can be deleted using the Delete button The material composition data are stored in a file It is possible to make more than one data file Change the material data filename and directory in option Tools Options Absorption Data If you enter a new name then a new file is created Chapter 4 SolCoi 64 4 2 5 Calculation of the effective solid angles for the reference position The reference efficiency is measured using a standardized source geometry a so called reference source geometry which in most cases is a point source All sources used for the measurement of the reference efficiency must have this same geometry The measurement is performed using a specific position on a given source holder The above definition gives all relevant information necessary for computing the reference SOLANG data For the data that have to be entered see Figure 4 15 The calculations can be performed batch wise EX Calculate Reference Effective 5olid Angles l Ioj x Calibration Source Detector Heference Position PTE E DSM2
78. d reference effective solid angles for COINCALC n DSM4 SOL calculated effective solid angles n DSM4 COl calculated coincidence correction factors DSM4 CAL measured data for efficiency and PT T ratio curve fitting DSM4 FIT used parameters for efficiency and PT T ratio curve fitting DSM4 FIN measured data for the fine tuning DSM4 RES interim results for the fine tuning YOURLIST CLS and COIV4 CLS energies and isotopes for coincidence and efficiency calculation Legends DSMA is a detector source holder combination identifier is a possible standardized sample geometry PTB is the PTB calibration source geometry n is a number ranging from 1 to 5 used for matrix interpolation data files Appendix 2 SOLCOI Program System and Data Files A5 File Formats for SOLANG and COINCALC Reference efficiency ASCII file file name EFF detector name DAT line position in file gt nr 11 1 ne 1 10 lt 16 25 gt lt 31 40 gt lt 46 55 gt lt 61 10 gt gt 2 Co Q4 e gt Che lt 11 gt lt 22 gt lt 33 gt lt 44 gt lt 55 gt S O4 O2 One lt 1 10 gt lt 16 25 gt lt 31 40 gt lt 46 55 gt lt 61 10 gt gt 4 D1 0 D1 1 D1 2 D1 01 D2 0 9 D2 1 D2 2 D2 3 D2 n2 P3 6 D3 1 D3 2 D3 3 D3 n3 where ne number of energy regions max 4 0 ne energy of the beginning and or end of a region O1 ne 7 order of the fits max 3 pi parameter
79. e Date Time Comment DEMO 2el 09 2004 19 06 06 demonstration data DSH 23 O4 2004 19 05 06 PG amp T 42 7X number of DET files found 2 NET of free GBytes 20 194 Figure 4 25 List of available detector data files DET ESKayzero for Windows 2 01 LIST Source files m x o Fie Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 2 x AVAILABLE SOURCE DATA FILES D K Y V5A EFFDAT 1341242005 Hame Date Time Comment AD 19411427005 13 00 04 Au Al wire in spronckyvial D 21 0342004 19 07 02 type D in E S102 FTB 1941142005 13 04 08 PTB reference source 5 1970472004 22 02 04 type S5 10 ml polystyrene kl zample vi ZR 30 06 2002 05 00 00 Zirconium disc in spronckvial number of SRL files found 5 number of free GBytes 20 194 Figure 4 26 List of available source data files SRC When activating Tools Options Solcoi the results of the timing of the last calculations made on this computer see Figure 4 27 are displayed These data are used to predict the total calculation time before starting the actual calculations using Solcoi Calculate The calculation times for the effective solid angle calculations are given per position and per energy They are in fact the calculation times needed for the calculation of single results The coincidence correction factor calculation time is given for all nuclides and energies for one position Chapter 4 SolCoi f 3 iBix Direc
80. e at most four fitting regions the maximum fitting order being 3 An efficiency curve normally has a second order fit in the first region 20 300 keV and one or two first order polynomials for the higher energies A PTT curve has approximately the same shape but only one linear fit for the energies higher than 180 keV Figure 4 34 Fitting output Plot of PTT ratio fit fea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 E Ioj x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help ENPTT Ratios DEMDP1 Peak to total ratio versus energy DEMUP 3 1 2 2005 13 50 14 FIT patio 9 D g pa D C Energy in key Kayzero for Windows Figure 4 33 Fitting output Plot of PTT ratio fit When selecting the energy regions one should make sure that the energy regions overlap The fitting is performed per energy region After fitting the program automatically determines the borders of the regions by determining the crossing points of the curves determined To ensure that the curves will cross or meet each other the fitting regions should overlap The fitting results are plotted see Figure 4 33 and printed see Figure 4 34 Chapter 4 SolCoi 81 Ei kayzero for Windows 2 01 Fit data DEMOP1 mi x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 2 x HEASURED PTT RATIO DATA Measurement data file name DLEMOFPI1 Energy keV FTT ratio Error X Comment 1 59 5
81. e calculations can be displayed on screen or printed on a printer The print data menu see Figure 4 17 gives all the possibilities Jx Hame PTEDSM2 Detectors Banda Cancel Cancel Input Files C Solid ngle Output OK C Coincidence Correction Output Figure 4 17 Print Data Input You can choose the name of the file to be printed using the drop down list If all files should be printed enter lt gt If all matrix interpolation input files for source D on detector DSM2 should be printed enter DDSM 2 You can choose which kind of data file you want to print by checking the options on the left of the form For an explanation of the format of the files see the end of Appendix 2 Chapter 4 SolCoi 6 4 2 8 Efficiency curve and Coincidence correction factors The effective solid angles in combination with the reference efficiency are meant for the computation of efficiencies by KAYZERO and NATACT In order to investigate whether the calculation was correct the efficiency curves can be printed and plotted and coincidence correction factors can be printed see Figure 4 17 Using option SOLCO Print Efficiency Coincidence Data Efficiencies you can also calculate efficiencies for activity calculation programs The detector calibration file format of Sampo Sampo90 is supported Before making a plot or print of the efficiency curve you have to enter a detector etc using an input screen as in Figure 4 17
82. e final order result The final order result is used to give the data for the selected elements for all selected samples Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Introduction E 2 Installation and User Interface 2 1 Installation Kayzero for windows can be installed on a Personal Computer running under Windows 98SE and higher with a free USB port needed for the copy protection key parallel port key is optional If you only use the program for demonstration you can skip the section however you will have limited features Before running the software you have to install the copy protection key software Warning Do not connect the USB key to the computer before running the SDI software and wait until the software asks you to connect it The program can be downloaded from the website www kayzero com Check the website regularly for updates of the Vade Mecum this manual demo data and the program itself Please check the read me file to Run double click on the the program USB Key Setup exe The following screen will appear Smartkey Driver Installation X Parallel Leb iss In this Panel vau can install and uninstall the SmartKey Parallel Driver Install Install ar Update the SmartKey Parallel Driver Uninstall Uninstall the SmartKey Parallel Driver Remove with force the SmartKey Parallel Driver Remove reboot iz always required Use this command only to recover from a wrong Installation Statu
83. e isotope lists are located on the efficiency data directory EFFDATA and may be modified The coincidence correction factors can only be printed for the isotopes and energies in the list COIV4 CLS The efficiency is also given for the gamma energies of the isotope The output for Na 24 is given in Figure 4 22 a Kayzero for Windows 2 01 Efficiencys and Coifactors DSM2 D C2H4 f File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help gl x COINCIDENCE CORRECTION FACTORS AND EFFICIENCIES 3071172005 00 31 24 4 Geometry D on DSH 2 Sample XC2H4 weight U 700 DATAFILES USED AT 30 11 2005 00 31 24 OSH AY VBSAVEFFDATA EFFDSH2 DAT 30406242002 17 00 00 D KAY V5A EFFDATA FTTDSM2 DA T 30 06 2002 17 00 00 OXKAY VBAWXEFFDATA DSH2 50L 3070672002 17 00 00 OXEAY VBSAMXEFFDATA 1DDSM2 50L 23404 2004 19 08 00 OXKAY VBSAVEFFDATA 1DDSM2 C0I 23404 2004 19 08 00 DOXKAY VBAWEFFDATA 2DD5M2 S50L 2340442004 19 09 04 OXEAY VBSAMXEFFDATA 2DDS5M2 C00I 23404 2004 19 09 06 OXKAY VSAVEFFDATA 3DDSM2 50L 23404 2004 19 01 00 OXKAY VBSAVEFFDATA 3DDSM2 CO0I 23404 2004 19 01 00 DOXKAY VBAVXEFFDATA 4DD5M2 S5O0L 2340442004 19 02 06 OXEAY VBSAMXEFFDATA 4DDS5M2 C00I 23404 2004 19 02 06 OXKAY VBSAVXEFFDATA 5DDSM2 50L 23404 72004 19 04 02 OXKA Y VBSAVEFFDATA 5DDSM2 CO0I 23404 2004 19 04 04 Program version e2 U1 1 EU G A a A a a a a Izotope H A 24 Energy COIN EFF kev Corr Pos 2 lsbm Bb H 9 x
84. e radioisotope related to an element or for up to five measurements This check is only Appendix 3 ko Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A16 applicable on the so called Final Result Option 456 it is always switched on Interference Correction Gamma interference correction in KAYZERO is based on the use of calculated concentrations according to Dv Px px 1 Py where px concentration of element X based on gamma line x corrected for interference Qx concentration of element X based on gamma lines x y without correction for interference by gamma line y of element Y Oy concentration of element Y calculated from an interference free gamma line pv concentration of element Y based on gamma lines x y without correction for interference by gamma line x of element X In a more general form and for n interfering radioisotopes this leads to n Pi p pires i 1 0 In KAYZERO an iterative method is used to calculate interference corrections The method does not give an accurate result in all possible cases but incorrect results can easily be corrected manually because all gamma peak areas are automatically converted to concentrations for all possible radionuclides during the standardization step Appendix 3 ko Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A17 Weighted Mean Concentrations Mean values give more reliable information about the concentration of an element in the sample unde
85. eaks are more or less artificial and belong in fact to the main real gamma peak The peak areas should be added to the main peak This is essential because Kayzero can only use one peak area for one gamma line so if the artificial peaks are not added serious errors might occur This is however easier said then done in most programs In order to facilitate this problem a new option was added to Kayzero This is the Peak Summation option see Figure 3 11 which you can find as a separate option in the Samples option or as part of Measurement see Figure 3 8 The program will automatically find peaks that are closer together then a given distance expressed in x times the FWHM of the peak see Figure 3 11 If there are peaks closer than this given interval the program will show the appropriate regions of the spectrum You can click on the Doublet Window panel if you like to change the present values press apply to see the result The user will then have the opportunity to add peaks lt gt lt gt By using the lt PgUp gt and lt PgDn gt keys the regions can be selected Note after a new Peak Search in your Gamma Spectrum Deconvolution Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 21 The main peak to which all other smaller peaks should be added can be selected by typing the appropriate peak number 1 7 see Figure 3 11 All peaks at the right side of this main peak can be added by pressing the lt gt key or deselected by using the
86. ecial file Measurement data base directory One can use this directory to locate the directories in which all spectra and peak table files are stored Consequently the calculated concentration files Chapter 6 Reference Guide 109 ber are stored in this directory The following Peak Table and Spectrum files may be used Sampo90 MicroSampo PTF and SPE oeqal SEQ and the spectrum name in the Segal FILE ACCUSPEC Spectra DAT Genie2K CAM oubdirectories can be indicated in the measurement names As example when the data base directory is and the spectra are stored in SCK 7V then the measurement identification in Kayzero this is not the spectrum name is SCK V 1 1 indicates this is the first measurement of this sample on this directory In our case we have a code for each irradiation batch e g SCK7V all spectra of samples irradiated during this irradiation are stored in the corresponding directory The irradiation batch is in our case a set of irradiations on one day in one channel A sample can be irradiated in several irradiation batches The above described method allows the combination of many measurements and irradiations Up to six measurements can be combined in a result The measurements can be selected by using wildcards like SCK V or 1 KAYZERO Library directory This is the directory in which the library is stored Efficiency data SOLANG COI etc directory T
87. ecked using the Element Identification algorithm Tools Options Special Parameters In this option the nuclide identification and spectral interference correction are always turned ON Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 42 3 5 Select reject analytical gamma lines blank correction fission correction and reaction interfering correction This option Samples Select Reject analytical Lines was new in the V5 version and is in practice the best way to handle the data In combination with the options Select samples and Elements for Order Reports and Print Order Report the majority of analyses can be handled The old way to handle the data using the previously mentioned options can still be used but fission and reaction interfering correction blank correction and rejection of gamma lines is not performed Up to 6 irradiations measurements per sample can be edited see figure 3 35 fea REPORT CONCENTRATIONS FOR SEVERAL MEASUREMENTS 999 Bl x Order identificati ee PLC DEMO g M Interference Correction v Isotope Identification Sample identification or Measurement identification or x C Figure 3 35 Input for Samples Select Reject analytical Lines After selecting the sample and the measurements the program will read the concentration data of all relevant measurements and combines them in a screen per element In figure 3 36 the lines for Na 24 are given In the header the sample and measureme
88. ectrum on or off It is impossible for the program to detect whether a dual LFC spectrum is recorded so it has to be indicated in this file for each detector BLK element content of the blank irradiation container see fig 3 23 opecial SOLCOI format DSM2 DET detector geometry parameters PIB SRC PTB geometry calibration source parameters SRC source geometry parameters Appendix 2 SOLCOI Program System and Data Files A3 DSM2 FIT fit parameters used to fit the efficiency curve ASCII files EFFDSM2 DAT reference efficiency for SOLANG SOLCOIS PITDSM2 DAT peak to total ratio for all positions DSM2 SOL calculated reference effective solid angles n DSM2 SOL calculated effective solid angles n DSM2 COl calculated coincidence correction factors Legends DSM2 is a detector source holder combination identifier is a possible standardized sample geometry PTB is the PTB calibration source geometry n is a number ranging from 1 to 5 used for matrix interpolation data files Appendix 2 SOLCOI Program System and Data Files A4 SolCoi Files in Efficiency Directory opecial SolCoi format DSMA DET detector geometry parameters PIB SRC PTB geometry calibration source parameters SRC source geometry parameters ASCII files EFFDSM4 DAT reference efficiency for COINCALC PTTDSM4 DAT peak to total ratio for all positions for COINCALC DSM4 SOL calculate
89. ed gammas This means a sensible concentration could be assigned to this line 10096 and gt LD In the header between brackets P 3 N I dE0 60 VERS O0 30 06 2002 some codes are given Using these codes you can trace how the output was computed and printed P 3 means that only gammas were printed that had KO code equal to or lower than 3 N means that the nuclide identification algorithm was used l shows that interference correction was ON The energy window was 0 6 keV dEO0 60 and the library used was VER5 O last updated on 30 06 2002 It is possible to turn off nuclide identification and spectral interference correction Below the list of explained gamma lines the following extra information is given the number of measured gamma rays the number of unexplained gammas gamma lines found in the KAYZERO library that cannot be assigned to a radionuclide present in the sample the number of unknown gammas gammas not found in the library the number of false gammas the peak area is smaller than the detection limit all unexplained gamma energies and Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 39 all unknown measured gamma lines Ea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 REPORT CONCENTRATIONS per MEASUREMENT 651 D lt r File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Kayzero for Windows V2 01 OPTION 6513 REPORT CONCENTRATIONS per MEASUREMENT Order id DEMO MEASUREMENT DAT
90. erference Correction Sample identification or T v Isotape Identification Print Short Version Measurement identification ar i Each Sample New Page Figure 3 34 Input for Reports Results Per gamma Several measurements An example of the output of this reporting option is not given in this manual but can be printed using the program The gamma lines that are not used for the mean concentration calculation are marked with an The mean is calculated using lines with the lowest kO code For instance if there are gamma lines with a kO code equal to one then only the lines with code one are used If the lines have only codes higher than one then the mean is calculated using the gamma lines having a kO code equal to two and so on Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 41 Report Results Mean per Radioisotope Several Measurements The output as given using Reports Results Per gamma Several measurements can be further reduced by reporting mean concentrations per radioisotope for all measurements The input needed to obtain this report is identical with the previous report Report Results Mean per Radioisotope The mean concentrations of this are averaged per radioisotope over all selected measurements Report Results Final report This report will give the final result with concentrations averaged over all gammas all radioisotopes and all measurements Whether or not elements are actually present in the sample are ch
91. for region i and order j Oj For region i log e X pij log E P p Peak to total ASCII file file name PT T detector name DAT 1 ne position 1 2 Go 64 2 Ene 3 O4 Oo One 4 D1 0 P1 1 D1 2 P1 01 P2 0 9 P21 P2 2 P23 D2 n2 D3 0 6 P31 P32 P33 D3 n3 T ne position 2 8 etc This format is the same as that for the reference efficiency This file contains the PTT for all positions on the source holder For positions higher than the reference position PTT can be taken equal to that of the reference position Appendix 2 KAYZERO SOLCOI program system and data files A6 SOLANG and COINCALC input file ASCII file file name n source name detector name SIN With n 1 5 in case of a matrix interpolation source file distance in om linear attenuation coefficient in l om energy in keV Type O in R en B RESEARCH 20DSM4 SOL RESEARCHN2ODSMA COI name RESEARCH EFFDSM4 DAT RESEARCH PTTDSM4 DAT RESEARCH DSM4 SOL file name COL DAL name DSM4 name DSM4 DET O 1 000000000000 00E 0000 Ta2 L4 L9629006732E 0002 cm3 29000000000000 0E0000 T COINCALC 9102 3 comment eff solid angle file name coincidence corr factor file ref eff data file name PTT data file name ref eff solid angle data nuclide and gamma list file detector data file source data file name O SRC density in g cm3 tvol ume of the WVisl source ah shaping time in us for tmatrix Co
92. given based on the found gamma lines concentrations it is possible to deselect all lines and give a detection limit This is done by deselecting all lines using the spacebar and then entering a detection limit by hand In this case 200 is chosen as the detection limit for copper based on Cu 64 See Figure 3 39 There is a minimum concentration found at the 511 keV peak thus the maximum concentration is lower than 200 If the detection limit entered is higher than 100 then the element will not be printed in the output anymore The detection limits of other nuclides are always given in a short list If there are problems identifying nuclides elements this is very useful to check your results See for example figure 3 40 iol x Previous Ment m a a K ca o m e co a n Ga As Br Mo n se Ba Ba La sm amp r Hg Endcheck nag Energy i re as SK PW Z SKS Br Br 82 554 3 11 151 5 154 8 150 2 619 1 11 159 1 158 5 without interfer corr 204 7 698 4 11 161 0 150 3 136 0 775 5 11 151 1 154 0 150 45 G2 11 172 7 158 4 152 5 1044 0 11 164 1 152 4 155 2 TESI Een 11 170 2 163 3 152 1 1474 3 11 139 3 155 6 155 3 Muclide Average Concentration 155 2 154 8 las 150 7 Expected StnDev 2 1 7 0 2 1 2 Observed StnDewv 0 2 Ten OF 1 1 LD 1 0 13 0 1 0 B Other Muclide LOS Br Br a LO 35 3 B4 n 35 3 Blank Subtraction Container R R R Blank correction 0 2 0 2 0 2 Element Average
93. he efficiency data subdirectory must contain the following files per detector e g DET1 Peak Table and Spectrum files of the background measurements and files for efficiency calculation and coincidence correction EFFDET1 DAT reference efficiency DET1 SOL SOLANG for the ref position FWHMDET1 DAT FWHM as f E DET1 SOL SOLANG for the counting geometries DET1 COI Coincidence correction tables for Chapter 6 Reference Guide 110 If one would like to convert an old system to the above described method using subdirectories in a measurement base directory the procedure for an order is copy the specific order files DTA and index files DTX to the orders directory change the directories according to the new method add the order to the system using option Samples Order Input add the measurement subdirectory name to measurement name using option 851 in the DOS Version All measurement data can stay on the original directory This procedure should be used for all subdirectories For monitors things are a little more difficult Every irradiation measurement should be added to the new channel reactor specific monitor file Chapter 6 Reference Guide 111 References 1 F DE CORTE and A SIMONITS J Radioanal Nucl Chem 133 1989 3 41 2 F DE CORTE and A SIMONITS J Radioanal Nucl Chem 133 1989 43 130 3 F DE CORTE and A SIMONITS VADE MECUM FOR
94. he lowest position closest to the detector In this position the platform is on top of the source holder see figure 4 5 and 4 6 and distance A is then zero Any distance through air in this lowest position has to be entered also see the next row You can print the input for your own archive by pressing PRINT and leave the screen by pressing OK This means that the date and time of modification will be changed and hence that all previously calculated effective solid angle data solang data are invalid and have to be recalculated when they are put in the list for batch wise calculation Solcoi Calculate When a chosen detector and source combination are not modified the previously calculated SOLANG and COINCALC data will not be recalculated The detector and source parameters are independent of each other so all source data files can be combined with all detector data files Chapter 4 SolCoi 60 4 2 3 Data input for a source geometry The combination of source geometry Sample parameters has been chosen in such a manner that every source can be placed on practically every detector source holder combination Detector and source geometry parameters are completely independent Vial S AARAA RIA ARA ALES aaa daa AES RAR AR a a i a a a n in AA nA REDDERE p Figure 4 9 source The source dimensions are shown in Figure 4 9 A source name may contain up to 3 characte
95. hen printing concentrations per gamma you may choose to print only gamma lines with a kO code lower than or equal to a certain value Printing all gamma lines up to kO code 3 can be useful for manual interference correction If you enter 0 only the gammas that are used for calculating the average concentration will be printed Re 5 This is the systematical error added in option Samples Select Samples and Elements for Order Output lt Alt gt lt S gt lt L gt Re 6 In most cases when the spectra do not contain many peaks it can be useful to print more information on a page Sometimes it may be convenient to separate all lists by a page break in such cases you should uncheck the Dox Appendix 6 Calculation Parameters A24 Appendix 7 KAYZERO Library Full listing the actual library might be different PRINT OF THE KAYZERO LIBRARY 4 VERA U 35127 Z0 2 T2 OD l Isotope F 20 Elementi E M D rel 1 Qo T qp QD 39097 0 000 Eres 44700 0 eV TAZ Ze Oe TIAS 02000 59172 2 04 000 min F1 D 000 FZ f OG 000 ES 0 10 00 F4 0 000 FS 2000 Energy KO factor code interfering nuclides 1 45 53 4 6 it 0 LOB 2 Isotope Na 24 Element Na M D rel 10 OD 0 590 00 2 0 000 Eres gt 3380 0 eV ly qs So OE Tig ZS CO OU TILAA IJa 0 000 min F1 J 000 E2 ODD 15 SOLOS F4 0 2000 FS f 0 000 Energy KO Tuc DboX code interfering nuclides 346 6 4 680E 2 S So 0 4 680E 2 4 130946 4 680E 2
96. i 2507 8 iu 0 0 563 2 2 Sn 117m 158 5 7 156 0 1 158 6 1 Tb 160 965 1 7 962 3 2 966 2 2 Hf 181 133 5 7 133 0 1 136 4 2 Now A 9 Re 188 6332 7 633 0 1 635 0 1 Os 193 139 0 7 138 9 1 142 1 1 556 0 557 4 559 3 560 0 227 8 228 2 Table A7 2A Isotopes and k s with effective energies and effective ko factors lines that can be separated using modern gamma ray spectroscopy Appendix 7 KAYZERO Library A28 Isotope Eff energy in keV Energy 1 in keV Energy 2 in keV KOcode rel y intensity rel y intensity Ga 2 2507 9 1 2507 8 13 2515 0 0 2 Mo 101 505 9 1 905 1 20 505 9 638 Mo 101 590 1 1 990 1 300 590 1 870 Mo 101 870 9 2 869 7 18 871 1 96 Mo 101 934 1 2 933 3 40 934 2 181 Mo 101 1251 0 2 1249 4 14 1251 1 245 Pd 109 414 4 3 413 0 27 415 2 44 Ag 110m 706 8 7 706 7 17 4 708 1 0 29 on 125 1088 9 2 1087 7 12 3 1089 2 47 3 Nd 149 97 0 2 96 9 0 13 97 0 5 6 Nd 149 155 9 2 155 1 0 13 155 9 22 9 Nd 149 198 9 2 198 0 0 19 198 9 5 37 Nd 149 349 1 2 347 8 0 62 349 2 5 31 Nd 149 423 7 2 423 6 28 7 425 2 1 05 Nd 149 556 4 3 959 9 2 26 056 8 1 68 Pm 151 163 3 3 162 9 3 9 163 6 6 9 Pm 151 167 8 3 167 8 37 168 4 4 1 Pm 151 177 0 3 176 5 3 8 177 2 17 Eu 152 444 0 1 444 0 1 22 444 0 10 54 Eu 152 064 5 3 064 0 23 6 066 4 6 2 Eu 152 964 1 1 963 4 0 50 964 1 54 6
97. i EREEEN E ip J LL L L NT a ss es m i Se Se es ETIN io E C3 1 I EHI aa 0 5 Sn 1000 1500 2000 2500 S000 3500 4000 energy in kev Kayzero for Windows Figure 6 17 Spectrum plot In set by clicking on the spectrum the found peaks are marked with an x Chapter 6 Reference Guide 107 6 5 3 Thermal neutron self shielding Thermal neutron self shielding is handled in accordance with Erdtmann and Petri see also figure 6 18 You can print a table if you like lo x X Thermal Neutron Absorption Factors GEh Irradiation V 1a Vial Height cm 1 000 Vial Radius cr 0 500 Sample Weight a 2 000 Matris HH 20 Neutron Temperature C 20 500 Density g cma 2 546 OF Cancel Show Table Figure 6 18 Neutron thermal self shielding option input and result 3 thermal 6 5 4 Calculation Parameters oome of the calculation and evaluation parameters can be changed using Tools Options These parameters are explained in Appendix 6 The algorithms used are explained in Appendix 4 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 108 6 5 5 Directories The relevant data used by KAYZERO are stored in several special directories These directories can be changed using Tools Options Directories if necessary see Figure 6 19 Directories Calculation Parameters Print Parameters Special Parameters Absorption Data Solcoi Current Di
98. ibration 4 Figure 5 1 History of Detector and Reactor Calibrations Menu 5 1 Detector Calibration Detector efficiency and energy calibration data can be monitored as a function of time by regularly measuring a reference source The basic data of the source used have to be entered in KAYZERO The detector calibration measurements are treated as NAA measurements so an order file has to be created first A calibration order file can be recognized by the first three letters in its name CAL In Figure 5 2 the input screen for entering calibration information is given The source used for the calibrations should be a radionuclide that is present in the KAYZERO library The calibration source and the background should be measured regularly The measurement data can be entered as a sample measurement using Samples Measurement see figure 5 3 In the example almost every week a measurement was performed and every two weeks a background was measured The data were stored in a file named CAL96 The measurement data calibration and background spectra were stored in the subdirectory CAL96 Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 85 Exi Calibration File Input Form CAL96 Bl X Calibratian Description Energy calibration and eff control Eu 152 nr 3 143897 Isotope E152 o Halle days 493452799999714 Activity kB 250 Reference date 0A 0 Energy 1 keV as Energy 2 keV 7898 E
99. ing the Tools Thermal Neutron Self Absorption Option and then enter it In case of serious epithermal self shielding you should calculate or measure a correction factor and apply it to the end result for every individual isotope manually In the rradiation Data tab sheet you can enter the irradiation data Figure 3 21 You should enter the start date and time of the irradiation The formats are shown between brackets Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 28 O x Order LU Z8 be Data directory SEE Pv Measurement Found S ample 1B Measurement SCE WV sample data Irradiation Data Measurement Data Shart Input Sample Mass in gram Moisture Content m Self absorption factor for thermal neutrons fi iu Label ECKE Description of the sample LE Cancel Figure 3 20 Sample Data tab sheet You also have to enter the codes of the reactor and channel in which the irradiation took place and the corresponding f and a values Also you have to enter the F value calculated in the previous chapter If you select a Reactor Channel e g BR1 xx combination for which you never created a threshold reaction file Kayzero gives a message Ma threshold reaction correction tile Di Sap v bas BR TS PAR found If you want to correct for threshold interferences please proceed as for the Blank files mentioned in the next page Check an existing PAR file and create you own Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation
100. ive solid angle Q and COI coincidence correction tables are pre calculated and stored in files which can be accessed by KAYZERO You only need to enter the detector name geometry and position Using the method described by Moens et al in 3 the efficiency for bulky sources can be calculated from Q La us 2 2 where Q and Q are effective solid angles which are calculated using the SOLANG program In combination with KAYZERO use is made of PC versions of the programs SOLANG and COINCALC obtained from the Institute for Nuclear Sciences of the Gent University Belgium which are combined into SOLCOI Appendix 3 ky Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A12 FWHM cal INPUT BELLE Spectrum 2 background calc acquisition data Spectrum filer gt peak areas and name locations coincidence COCOXE factors detector ID gt position gt SOLANG geometry gt I efficiency tm gt DT gt RESULT time date gt ie sample STANDARDIZATION weight gt ALGORITHM irradiation Bd gt time date gt T gt Q gt Inongtof CTOUONmpDOPacor aC LOIT data numbers names kO table Figure A3 2 Input data for KAYZERO f and a are predetermined Appendix 3 ko Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A13 Spectrum Deconvolution The result of a spectrum deconvolution is stored in a peak table file which can be accessed by KAYZERO Of this output file only the net peak areas and the peak lo
101. l x Monitor file identification or BRTY4 4 Monitor identification or ALI Print Short Version Measurement identification or ELESE OF Cancel Figure 3 15 Another F Printout Option Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 24 The result of this printing option is shown in Figure 3 16 If the irradiation of the monitor element results in more isotopes the comparator factor for these isotopes will also be printed using this option Attention must be paid to the fact that the self absorption factor for epi thermal neutrons entered in Monitors Measurement Option Figure 3 6 is valid for the comparator isotope only ea Kayzero for Windows 2 01 REPORT COMPARATOR FACTORS per MEASUREMENT 651 BR1Y4 89 m x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help z 28 x Kayzeroa for Windows V2 01 OPTION 651 REPORT COMPARATOR FACTORS per MEASUREMENT Filename BE1Y4 Honitor id AUZ Meas id S5SL E 7V 1 HEASUREMEHT DATA 2S2VUT PTE 18 peaks 9 4064 keV l 4989535xch 1 10512 H 8192 LFC Background interval 3 00 FWHM in keV SD is calculated by FAYZERO FWHH 1 359 6 1F 4 E 0 000 E 2 0 000 x E 3 E in keV 01 08 96 10 14 00 tm 1354 DTS 0 0 X td 1d21h4b5m D5Mz AU poss 3 Background 2HG96 PTF Element Huclide Energy Fc Sb k code Interfer nucl keV lt AU Au 196 411 8 3291 4 0 086 1 Eu 152 V 52LD Au u 138 Bu 3325 3 1 06 3 Ru
102. le and a monitor were irradiated in channel Y4 of the BR1 reactor in Mol Belgium The sample and monitor were measured at DSM Research using detector 2 a properly calibrated High Purity Germanium detector with a dual spectrum LFC system The peak locations and peak areas were computed using Sampo 90 The flux parameters f and a for channel Y4 of the BR1 were predetermined and are assumed to be constant over time After the calibration of the detector all relevant data the reference efficiency the effective solid angles peak to total ratios and coincidence correction factor data were stored in the right format at the right locations see Appendix 2 The KAYZERO operating procedure see Appendix 3 can be summarized as follows enter the measurement data of the monitor s in KAYZERO check the spectra for split up peaks new option Peak summation to determine F calculate the flux parameters f and a using a gold zirconium monitor or use predefined values of f and a and e g a gold monitor for determination of F only if the parameters f and a can be considered to be constant print the flux parameters enter the measurement data of the sample and the flux parameters in KAYZERO calculate the element concentrations check and correct for blank concentrations reaction interferences and outliers the results new option print the element concentrations Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 11 3 3 Moni
103. le the software can not automatically detect in all cases the uncorrected spectrum To be sure that the dual spectrum is used and this is important for a good calculation of errors and detection limits the use of the Dual LFC Spectrum option should be marked in the FWHMdddd DAT file dddd detector code in the Efficiency Data directory see Figure 3 10 To select the correct peak table file use the picklist KAYZERO automatically enters the relevant measurement data start date and time measuring time and MCA dead time if you double click on the info box on the right Now all the sample data for the measurement of the first sample have been entered You can proceed with more measurements of this sample or enter the data for another sample If you press the Cancel Button the data you have just entered will not be saved in the data file Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 34 3 4 3 Calculating the Element Concentrations If the sample data have been correctly entered the calculations of the element concentrations can be performed see Figure 3 27 Samples Calculate In this option the order identification the sample identification and the measurement identification must be specified If you enter an asterisk the system performs a batch wise calculation of the element concentrations of all samples for the orders that have been entered fai Kayzero for Windows 2 01 File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Arcl
104. les 4 Figure 6 13 Archive menu Chapter 6 Reference Guide 103 6 5 Special Options Menu The Special Options menu offers additional utilities see figure 6 14 mi x Archive Tools Window Help Energy Calibration Series of Spectra Spectrum Plot Material Compositions List of materials Thermal Neutron Self Absorption Edit Material Print Background PTF s d Shaw Flux Curve Options Figure 6 14 Tools 6 5 1 Energy Calibration Series of Spectra The Energy Calibration option can be very useful for performing an energy calibration based on the measured spectrum The energy calibration is very important for proper program performance Erroneous energy calibration may lead to unreliable results Chapter 6 Reference Guide 104 Ex Energy Calibration x Filename DEMO Energy Window in ke Sample Monitor 1B Measurement SCR 7 PTF filename 25 01 PTF Energy PeakArea Possible Nuclides Eemu Mine C aay 5688 Muclide ga Mo 101D 510 5 Cu 64 511 0 3 amma Line z Nuclide 2754 0 5015 Ma 24 Na 24 2754 0 Gamma Line for Checking 1299 6 365 Eu 152 1233 1 Mn 565 1233 7 Select bamma Muclide vwindew E keys up dn AEE lt gt Ikeys lelt right Cancel Old Energy Calibration Chan 203 ke Po OF New energy Calibration 0 49594 DhanB 1 203 kev 0 49594 Figure 6 15 Energy calibration It is advised to perform an energy calibration
105. mber AU1 ZR1 and using measurement identification codes consisting of simple numbers in combination with an irradiation code e g SCK V 1 and SCK V 2 6 1 2 Calculate f and alpha using the Multi Monitor method Multi Monitor method to calculate Fc f and a can handle a set of maximal 12 monitors radionuclides These radionuclides must be well chosen with respect to their nuclear data see the ky standardization literature and Vade Mecum Enter the monitor measurements using the Monitors Measurements Data input screen enter the radionuclides as Comparator isotope When measuring a monitor under Cd you need to enter an f equal to 0 You can choose to use the Cd ratio Cd covered or bare method see Figure 6 3 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 94 Exi Calculations Input form l B x Monitor File Identification BR1 Monitor Measurement Bare Monitor Measurement Cd Covered Interim results Method amp Cd Aatio Bare Cod Covered ER 584 Figure 6 3 Multi monitor method for f and alpha calculation Please check the Vade Mecum for the explanation of the multi monitor method and the monitors to use The input needed for Figure 6 3 can be stored in a data file using the button Save Seb you can of course load the data using the Load Set button The Interim results checkbox allows you determine your own averaged comparator factor ratios from selected gamma lines Using the Manual Input gt
106. mparator factor F and calculate alpha and f according to the Zirconium method or the multi monitor method bare sub cadmium and Cd ratio method Library The menu Library contains two different print options a full library listing and a gamma line listing according to increasing energy History The detector and reactor calibration results can be printed and plotted as a function of time Reports The Reports submenu contains all the relevant printing options printing an overview of jobs an overview of sample data peak table data files and results All output is directed to the main form of the program and can be printed or plotted from here SolCoi The SOLCOI program is integrated in Kayzero for Windows Tools This submenu contains the following options performing a new energy calibration based on measured spectra plotting the compton background and the spectrum of a sample or monitor and changing the calculation parameter settings directories and the material composition data Archive Here you can change sample and monitor identification data delete samples monitors jobs and files Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 10 3 2 Evaluating a Neutron Activation Analysis KAYZERO can be used for NAA data obtained using properly calibrated gamma ray spectrometers and nuclear reactors see VADE MECUM FOR ko USERS In this manual the NAA data of an actual analyzed sample are used to explain the use of KAYZERO The samp
107. mposition detector type Dd DU dd Tore Ou 200g 9 ri 1 1 rl source radius r2 height thickness ne number of energies Aha ODUD 019000 0 05900 sl s2 S9 sl s4 absorbers thickness s inner core radius 0 00000 ne np r3 side wall thickness r4 bot wall np number of positions 0 000008 3 04500 5 77000 0 45000 3 60000 S5 S6 s7 s8 s5 crystal radius s6 crystal height s8 inner core height contact layer thickness 20202020 number of integration points 20202020 01242424 Ifor non point source for disk source Ifor point source 0lI0719690 EO 000 ST 29590 DUDODUD O20 0000 ND E pl 2 DDDODOOUD WE s uo u u p4 0 000000000 1 27710000031 725500000 0 000000000 u8 u9 u linear attenuation coefficient for E keV ul detector crystal luz Source Unos vial wall u4 contact layer Aos SAI u6 u9 Absorbers 1 4 Appendix 2 KAYZERO SOLCOI program system and data files A7 99 5 000 0 7 060290 0500000 JU UUUUS 000000 OUSUUDUDOUUD Us 000000000 DuosqooU0DOTA 06090000 0 SUUU 00 00 00 GU 000L0 rr902500 0 00000 0 00000 0 090000 OS00DUDODUD 104000000000 0 5059 900000 T0 1 6900DUOU OO 00000000 90 000 d 10200 QUUUUU 0 00000 O80 0 000 0 UUDDDODDUD 0 000000000 Ot SS S00000 4 4 026090000 0000000000 LOQ U0UU 75 09 UDJUOUDU 07900000 0v0 00900 O 00DUDOUDUD 04000000000 od124 290000 27338990000 0100000907000 LOU UO 1 5994U0 HOV OOOO OOOO 209
108. mpositions In the case of more complex chemical formulas or compositions of different compounds this is still difficult for this reason SOL CO contains an option for predefining materials For data management of these materials you can use Option 7ools Material Compositions List of materials and Edit Materials see Figure 4 12 mmm lolx Tools Window Help x Energy Calibration Series of Spectra Spectrum Plot Material Compositions List of materials Thermal Neutron Self Absorption Edit Material Print Background PTF s k Shaw Flux Curve Options Figure 4 12 Material composition options To obtain a list of material compositions you can use Option 7ools Material Compositions List of materials This list contains all the material compositions available as well as the composition data see Figure 4 13 fa Kayzero for Windows 2 01 User Defined Material Compositions E mi x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help _ e x HATERIAL DATA FILE D Eay vb5a H 2971172005 23 35 43 MATERIAL COMPOSITION Water FHZOfLO0 0 4 Delrin FLAZOC1OO Os PHM A CSHEOZ 100 0 4 Air O 21 05 Ni 79 083 ABS Lf 83 64 FNC 7 0 FAG 9 Ax Resin FLCLBHLS 100 0 5 DHF CC 49 34 FHC 9 64 BNC 19 24 OC 21 94 Chapter 4 SolCoi 63 Figure 4 13 Material compositions list Using Tools Material Compositions Edit Materials you can predefine materials an
109. nce efficiency or a Peak to total Ratio a standard deviation of the measurement optional and a comment optional should be entered see Chapter 4 SolCoi 9 Figure 4 31 for an example of a PTT calibration data file eal Kayzero for Windows 2 01 DEMOPT CAE E x T File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 1115 5 0 161 Figure 4 31 A Peak to total ratio measurement data file only the energies and PTT ratios are entered The program automatically determines whether an efficiency curve or a PTT curve is fitted by checking whether any of the measured values is higher than 0 2 It is assumed that absolute efficiencies of 20 are not possible for the reference efficiency and that the PTT curve will have at least one value above 0 2 E Fitting of Reference efficiency or peak to total ratios m ol x Reference efficiency or peak to total data file ADS Region Order of fit Energy region for fitting keV 3 30 000 300 000 200 000 i fi 000 00i 600 000 i 3500 000 4 jo 0 000 0 000 OK Cancel 1 Figure 4 32 Reference Efficiency and PTT Fit Option Chapter 4 SolCoi 80 You can choose from a list of available calibration data files before starting the fitting procedure see figure 4 32 After selecting the measurement data set you should enter the fitting order of the polynomial per fitting region You can us
110. nd in Chapter 4 4 the curve fitting of the reference detection efficiency p and the peak to total PTT ratios is presented For extra help users can consult the Appendix where detailed information is given on all algorithms and data file formats The majority of improvements in version 5 can be found in the algorithms for the calculation of coincidence correction factors New is the option for the separate calculation of coincidence correction factors You can now also give a wildcard for the calculation of all or specific sources Chapter 4 SolCoi 53 4 1 General procedure Before effective solid angles and coincidence correction factors can be calculated the reference detection efficiency y and the peak to total PTT ratios have to be measured accurately The reference efficiency has to be measured with calibrated point sources at the reference position at a minimum distance of 15 cm from the detector in order to avoid true coincidence effects The PTT ratios have to be measured for every position using point sources It is essential that all the efficiency calibration sources have the same calibration geometry If this is not the case the efficiencies measured using the different geometries have to be converted using calculated effective solid angles This program can fit the detector calibration measurement data log p or log PTT vs log E and store the fit data in standard files for the fitted reference efficiency and the P
111. nergy 3 keV i OOO The 3 given gamma lines are used for efficiency drift and FH monitoring Energy 4 kev 5100 5 Energy 5 keV 146 0000 The last two gamma lines are used for background monitoring OF Cancel Figure 5 2 Calibration file information input screen The calibration measurements are performed weekly so the measurement identification and the spectrum name contains the week number CAL96 01 After entering the measurement data the activities have to be calculated using the calculation option Samples Calculate Chapter 5 History of detector and reactor calibrations 86 iol xi Order LALRESS6 Data directory CALIE Sample DETZ Measurement Found Measurement CAL SETS Measurement Data Detector Point Source Geometry PTR Geometry data Okay Counting position E m Background spectrum PTF file 2BG09 PTF Deadtime 7 6 25268 2 Peaktable fle ComeetHypemet 2DETOSPTF Start date dd mm yyyy 26 02996 0 Start time hh mm ss i fi3 26 11 00 OO True Measuring Time sec 2050 000000 Remarks Double clickHere to Ente 6 29 Sampos PTF 11 peaks 26 02 1996 13 25 11 2050 00 SPE 2DE TOJ SEE OF Cancel Peak Summation Energy Calibration Figure 5 3 Calibration file information input screen Printing and plotting the calibration data The relative activity measured activity divided by the reference activity
112. ng the strikethrough font One can clearly see the effect Due to blank subtracting on the gamma lines the expected standard deviation on the remaining element concentration is larger than 10 this is marked the blue colored font Due to the subtraction for only one measurement the observed standard deviation is larger than three times the expected standard deviation this is marked with a red font The program will also perform fission correction this is based on a recent paper by F De Corte 2000 The data are stored in a file named Kayzero Fis the contents should not be changed If the program detects a U concentration one will have the possibility to perform a correction by selecting the correction value and pressing the spacebar ix Order DEMO Sample 1B P 3 N E LdEU 60 YER 5 0 30 06 2007 mi x OK Cancel rint Previous Next as B Mo In se Ba Ba La sm cut Hy Endcheck Na a ar K lca cr mn Fe co Cu zn ca rigig Energy SEK V6 CERT VE SK VIS Cu Cu B4 511 0 2 66 Fint 466 16 1345 6 1 477 6 BFB 852325 Nuclide Average Concentration Expected StnDey Observed Stnbewv LD 0 6 6 1 0 6 2669 7 Other Muclide LD CU Cu 55 LO LO element 200 0 Figure 3 40 Input screen demonstrating rejection of all data and giving a detection limit Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 47 If one decides that no confident concentration value can be
113. nts are given Below that one finds the element nuclide energy and the concentration found for each measurement If a concentration is selected the space bar can be used to de select or re select the line The averaged concentration for the measurement and the element average will change accordingly Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 43 In the case of Na 24 there is a possible threshold reaction interference If the sample matrix is Al then a serious interference will occur In the case shown Fig 3 36 were no information on the Al content is available the program provides a maximum interference of 1 4E 4 ng g for an Al content of 1 0E 9 ng g 100m E Bl x IK Cancel Print Previous Next As Br Mo m se Ba Be ta sm ee Hg Endcheck Na cl ar K ca Cr Mn Fe Co cu an Ga ign Energy SK Py SCkK eye 2 a 3 Ma Ma 24 1366 6 11 284 5 282 5 214 6 gt without interfer corr 202 6 2 54 0 1 258 3 270 5 481 0 Threshald Reaction Interferences Al 100 Interference 14000 0 140000 4000 0 Muclide Average Concentration ofr ofa 2r 1 Expected StnDev 0 2 1 5 D 2 Observed StnDewv W Ales 4 8 2 1 LD 0 4 2 2 0 4 134 8 Blank Subtraction Container R R R Blank correction Hh 2 H 2 H 2 Element Average Concentration ofr ofa 2r 1 Expected StnDev 0 2 19 D 2 Observed StnDewv d 4 8 2l LDelement oa 22 0 4 134 8
114. on result Chapter 6 Reference Guide 97 6 2 Kayzero Library In figure 6 7 the library options are given LS Kayzero for Windows v2 01 Ioj x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Full Listing Gamma Line Lisitng Figure 6 7 Kayzero Library menu 6 2 1 Printing the Full Library Notice that some elements are marked with an asterisk These elements do not have gamma lines with a recommended ko factor and should not be used for analysis The data for these radionuclides have been added only for spectral interference correction and isotope peak identification For an explanation of the data please check Appendix 7 6 2 2 Gamma Line Listing Using this option the gamma lines in the library can be listed in order of increasing energy This list can be used for spectrum evaluation and isotope identification see Appendix 8 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 98 6 3 Reports Menu All NAA results typically concentrations can be printed using the Reporting Menu Reports see Figure 6 8 Most of these concentration reports are given in Section 3 6 ESkayzero for Windows v2 01 Ioj x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Orders Samples Overview d Monitors Data Peak Table Data F Results Figure 6 8 The Reports Menu Using Reports Orders you can list all orders and monitor files You can make various type
115. otkeys e g lt Alt gt lt R gt The hotkeys become visible after pressing lt F10 gt or Alt use them by pressing Alt and the underlined letter of the option e g lt Alt gt lt R gt lt P gt lt S gt for the option PeakTable File Report EsKayzero for Windows v2 01 Bl x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Order Input Measurement Peak Summation Energy Calibration Calculate Select Reject analytical Lines Select Samples and Elements for Order Report Print Order Report Figure 3 1 Main screen of Kayzero for Windows The menu bar contains the following menu options File The menu options can be used to open Kayzero specific or other text files Once a file is opened new options will be available under File The Right Mouse button can then also be used to open a popup menu Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 9 Samples With this option you enter a dropdown menu In this drop down menu you can enter the general data of the analysis job enter and edit the data of a measured spectrum and start the calculations It is also possible to do peak summation energy calibration select the analytical lines that you want to use and to print the result of the analysis for selected elements and samples Monitors With the dropdown menu Monitors you can edit the general monitor information and enter and edit the monitor irradiation and measurement data calculate the co
116. pectrum PTF File 28G96 PTF Deadtime 5 onn Peaktable file Corect Hypermet 257V01PTF v Start date dd mmyuyu 230 074396 5 Start time hh mm s i 16 24 04 0 rue Measuring Time sec 27300000 Remarks UE Cancel Peak Summatian Energy Calibration Double clickHere to Ente 0 00 Sampati PTF B5 peaks 3070771996 16 24 04 56 2475 00 SPE 257 Vl1 5PE LFC dual spe Figure 3 24 Measurement Data tabsheet There are two types of sources point sources especially for calibration sources like the PTB sources and non point sources For analysis purposes we use vials that are filled with the sample material Because the solid angle calculations were time consuming samples were standardized and the solid angles and coincidence correction factors pre calculated Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 32 Matrix Interpolation To add some flexibility in sample content composition and density the matrix interpolation technique was introduced see Appendix 4 and 5 If a matrix interpolation dataset is found this will marked in the info box on the right of the detector field You will have the possibility to enter the sample weight for density calculation the volume is knows to the program and bulk sample composition see figure 3 25 If you enter a sample that is not covered by the matrix interpolation data set the program will warn you The extra calcul
117. ple density and or composition can vary The filling height is a very important parameter in the standardization of sample vials and should also be standardized Density Interpolation In case the sample material and the sample vial is always the same but the filling density can vary density interpolation can be used By using precalculated data for several standard densities the solid angles and coincidence factors can be calculated by interpolation for a range of densities see Figure A5 1 The lines in the plot are the results of interpolation using the calculation results for five densities given calculated solid angles interpolated B z 1 2 3 Density g ca3 Figure A5 1 Density interpolation log log 3 point Aitkins interpolation is used in KAYZERO SOLCOI Appendix 5 Matrix Interpolation A20 Matrix Interpolation The method of density interpolation described above is only applicable if the composition of the sample matrix is always the same In the case of a wide range of sample matrices a more universal approach is necessary After studying the effects of sample matrix and geometry on solid angles a matrix interpolation technique was implemented in the KAYZERO program for concentration calculation Interpolation based on linear attenuation coefficients u or p u p instead of densities is a logical procedure considering the fact that the sample absorption data input for SOLANG is the u v
118. r Analysis Menu 6 1 1 Calculate f and alpha using the Zirconium method A special case of the Bare Triple method is the use of a gold and a zirconium monitor couple In this case the gold aluminum alloyed wire and a zirconium foil have to be irradiated simultaneously together with the sample The day after the irradiation the gold monitor Au 198 and the zirconium monitor Nb 97m should be measured briefly at the reference position After another few days the zirconium foil should be measured a second time for Zr 95 at a lower position e g 1 or 2 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 93 F AND alpha CALCULATION using ZIRCONIUM Bl x Monitor file identification or BRTY4 Gold Meas zT First Meas ZI Second Meas Monitor identification or 7 Measurement identification ar Interim results Figure 6 2 Zirconium method calculation screen The data for these measurements should be entered using Monitors Measurement option and can then be used for f and a calculation using this screen see Figure 6 2 The result of the f and a calculation will be displayed with the calculated values They are stored in the data record of the second Zirconium measurement The results can be printed using Monitors Print Fc f and alpha or plotted and printed using History Reactor Calibration For an optimum use of the options we recommend using as monitor identification code AU or ZR combined with a nu
119. r investigation Since the counting statistics of all peak areas is not equally good KAYZERO calculates a weighted mean using 2 P Wi 9 2 wi where wi is the weighing factor In KAYZERO Version 5 1 o is used The mean concentrations can be calculated per radionuclide or over all radionuclides related to one element Y wil p p X i Oobs n 1 gt w The standard deviation of the mean concentration is calculated and presented as the observed uncertainty Based on the standard deviation in the net peak area due to counting statistics an expected uncertainty is calculated as well One has _ M wici 10 Y Ewi O exp The comparison of the expected and the observed uncertainty gives an idea about the quality of the result References 1 F DE CORTE and A SIMONITS J Radioanal Nucl Chem 133 1989 3 41 2 F DE CORTE and A SIMONITS J Radioanal Nucl Chem 133 1989 43 130 3 Moens et al Calculation of the absolute peak efficiency of gamma ray detectors for different counting geometries Nucl Instr and Meth 187 1981 451 472 Appendix 3 ko Standardization Algorithm and Data Evaluation A18 Appendix 4 Mass Absorption Coefficients KAYZERO SOLCOI uses a mass absorption coefficient data file according to This data file contains mass absorption data total minus coherent for 80 elements from hydrogen to lead except noble gases and including radium uranium and thorium in the
120. rection data If this file is not present fission correction is not performed reactor amp channel PAR files containing the reaction interference correction factors for the specific channel The name is a concatenation of the channel and reactor code used in KayWin The length should not exceed 8 characters SOLCOI TIM file containing the calculation times for effective angle and coincidence Appendix 2 SOLCOI Program System and Data Files A2 correction factor calculation valid for the computer system on which SOLCOI was running SOLCOIS DAT Gaus Legendre interpolation constants for SOLCOIS EXE COIVA DAT data file for the SOLCOINx EXE files with all the radionuclides and energies for which the coincidence correction factors must or can be calculated SOL TMP this is an output file of SOLCOIS SOLANG produced during the last calculation of an effective solid angle result file SOL file SOL TMP contains most of the given input MU FIN COE mass absorption data file NAA DAM material composition data file List of the efficiency data needed for KAYZERO and SOLCOI as well as the result and input files of SOLCOI in the directory KAYZERO EFFDATA opecial KAYZERO format FWHMDSM2 DAT full width at half maximum in keV as a function of energy in keV This file is necessary for calculation of the compton background in the spectrum If no file is found a constant FWHM of 2 keV is used LFC dual sp
121. rectory D Kay via Orders and monitor files ORDERS Select Measurement data base directory Select KAY ZERO Library LIBRARY Select Eff data SOL amp NG COI etc EFFDATA select The efficiency data subdirectory must contain the falloswina tiles Peak Table and Spectrum files of the background measurements and per detector e a DET1 the following file for efficiency calculation and coincidence correction EFFDET1 DAT reference efficiency DET1 SOL FYWAMDET1 DAT SOLANG for the ref pasition Fv vH as TCE eee DET SOL SOLANG for the counting geometries rryp Pe DET Col Coincidence correction tables for rry The following Peak Table and Spectrum files may be used sampao3t Microasampa PTF and SPE and Hypermet or Hyperlab segal SEG and the spectrum name given inthe Segal file ACCUSPEC Spectra DAT Canberra Genie 2k C Other formats are added on request OF Cancel Figure 6 19 Data directories When you indicate you want to change a directory the program checks whether the directory exists If the directory is not valid there will be a beep and the cursor will not advance to the next field Please check the directory or enter another directory Orders and monitor files directory In this directory the files are stored that are created for each order and each channel data and index files These files are administrated in a sp
122. rement SCE YT Monitor data radiation Data Measurement Data Short Input Weight of the element microgram r2 48000 Moisture Content m 0 Comparator isotope Au 198 Self absorption Factor Far thermal neutrons fi B Self absorption factor for epi Ehermal neutrons fi OIC Label ECK vu Description of the sample CENM 530 Au in Aluminum wire W Capsule still in use x Caer Figure 3 5 Monitor data input Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 15 It is possible to choose the relevant comparator isotope from a list Eeoa iol xi Monitor File BRT 4A Data directory SCRA Manitar ALI Measurement Found Measurement SCE 7v Monitor data radiation Data Measurement Data Short Input Weight of the element microgram v2 48000 Moisture Content m fo Comparator izotope Selt absorption Factor for thermal neutrons Self absorption Factor for epi thermal neutrons Label Description of the sample CBNM 530 Au in Alurmnum wire v Capsule still in use OF Cancel Figure 3 6 Monitor Data tab with a list of possible comparator radioisotopes In the rradiation Data tab the start and end date and time must be entered The required formats are shown see figure 3 7 Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 16 inj xl Monitor file BRHTTAA Data director SEE Pv s Monitor ALI Measurement Found Measurement SCE AMT Monitor data Irradiation Lat
123. rification possible Isotope Element Identification For isotope identification a procedure is used which has been derived from a simple check of the concentration and detection limits of all gamma lines of a radioisotope If concentrations peak areas are found for gamma lines of a radioisotope then the number of gamma lines found X is a measure of the probability that the radionuclide is present Of all concentrations found for X gamma lines of a given radionuclide the lowest is considered The higher the number of gamma lines Y for which no concentration is found although the detection limit is lower than this lowest concentration the less likely it is that the radionuclide concerned is present Comparing these numbers X and Y provides an effective criterion for deciding whether or not a radionuclide Is present For obtaining acceptable results the following conditions are essential energy calibration with an accuracy of better than 0 2 keV good resolving power of the peak deconvolution algorithm the peak finding algorithm in correspondence with the detection limit definition used The isotope identification described above is performed for each measurement The same procedure can also be done for all radioisotopes related to one element one should then use element instead of radioisotope and radioisotope instead of gamma line This so called element check can be done for only one measurement if there is more than on
124. rs The input of a source name is identical with the input of a detector name see Figures 4 4 After selecting the source name the source parameters can be checked or edited In Figure 4 10 the vial parameters the source material and density are given Es solang Coincidence Source Parameters E B x Comment Buchl wire In spronck vial User pv Last Modification 19 11 2005 13 30 33 Vial walMateial RC2H4 Density kg m3 ang Inner Radius rmm 250 Inner Height rmm i0 Side Thickness mm 0 750 Bottom Thickness mm 0 650 Distance mm omn oo from vial bottom to platfarm Matrix Interpolation Vial Volume ml 0 020 Pay attention to the filling height when using matris interpolation Matris interpolation can not be used for point sources Source Material Aluminum Density 1 kg m3 2702 x Chapter 4 SolCoi 61 Figure 4 10 Input screen for vial geometry parameters E solang Coincidence Source Parameters B x Comment lustirene EL sample iall User RG RAS DSM Researc Last Modification 19 04 2004 23 22 32 Vial walMateial C2H4 Density kg m3 ono Inner Radius mmn 8180 Inner Height mm 40 Side Thickness mm 1 500 Bottom Thickness mm 1 000 Distance mm 000 fram vial bottom to platform J Matrix Interpolation Vial Volume ral Pay attention to the filling height when using matris interpolation Matrix in
125. rs in the ko standardization literature of De Corte and Simonits In Table A7 1 these numbers and the factors F1 F5 given in the library are explained Half lifes are given in minutes some ko factors are only defined for an artificial effective gamma peak in fact a combination of two gamma lines close together These gamma lines are given in table A7 2 There are two types A The lines can be separated using modern gamma ray spectrometers and deconvolution software In this case the two separate ky factors are given as well as the ko factor for the summation In the latter case the ko code is or 8 B The lines can not be separated Appendix 7 KAYZERO Library A26 References 1 G ERDTMANN and W SOYKA The Gamma Rays of the Radionuclides Topical Presentations in Nuclear Chemistry Kernchemie in Einzeldarstellungen Volume 7 Verlag Chemie Weinheim New York 1979 2 F DE CORTE and A SIMONITS J Radioanal Nucl Chem 133 1989 43 130 KAYZERO code ref 2 ooo eoe OO 2 JWa j 4 O 3 b oo 4 o MMe OO 6 IIl a M eno 8 MC Je oo O N R 10 IMb J e OO 11 IMc e i YO Heo a es 13 Vb J OO Hio ea A 15 V e O 16 Villa F1 Fa oo Oo Fs F3 F2 00 o9 F1 F24 09 0o F 18 VIII FIzFag Fs F4 F2 Fos F 5 A 19 Vd m Table A7 1 Explanation of mother daughter relations and factors F1 F5 Appendix 7 KAYZERO Library A27 keV ION kO UN KO a
126. rsity Belgium for cylindrical samples on the detector axis and with a diameter smaller than the crystal Ref L Moens et al Calculation of the absolute peak efficiency of gamma ray detectors for different counting geometries Nucl Instr and Meth 187 1981 451 472 Appendix 1 Efficiency Calculation Using Effective Solid Angles A1 Appendix 2 Kayzero SolCoi Files Description of Kayzero files EXE executable files ABS contains the name and location of mass absorption data and material composition data files The material data filename and location can be edited using the appropriate option in KAYZERO or SOLCOI KAYWIN EXE etc programs SOLCOIS SOLCOINA SOLCOINB SOLCOINC SOLCOIND and SOLCOINE the MS Fortran versions of the INW Gent programs SOLANG and COINCALC COINCALE is split into five separate programs The programs all use the same input file SIN produced by SOLCOI and must be used in the given order These programs are started from within Kayzero for Windows KAYZERO DAT and SOLCOI STA are status program specific system files KAYZERO IRR f a and F data of irradiation facilities This file can be edited and extended using the DOS EDIT command KAYZERO MON monitor data This file can be edited and extended using the DOS EDIT command KAYZERO BUR burn up data for the most serious cases If this file is not present burn up correction is not performed KAYZERO FIS fission cor
127. s M Active Version 11 1250 Refresh OF Annuleren Figure 2 1 Screen of USB Key Setup exe T Henpazser select your Key type and click on Install Wait until you are asked to connect Chapter 2 Installation and User Interface 3 the key 2 1 1 New user of Kayzero The software is installed by copying the KAY V54A directory downloaded from the www kayzero com to the root directory of a hard disk or network drive Demo subdirectories should will be created for the library efficiency and example data 2 1 2 Upgrade from Kayzero Solcoi Version 4 Do as mentioned under 2 1 1 Copy the following files from your current Kayzero Solcoi directory to the new Kayzero for Windows directory Kayzero Dat Kayzero lrr Kayzero Abs Kayzero Sys Kayzero Mon Dam oolcoi Tim Sta 2 1 3 Upgrade from Kayzero Solcoi Version 5 Do as mentioned under 2 1 2 but copy the following files too Par Cls BIk 2 1 4 Upgrade from Kayzero Solcoi Version 5A Store the downloaded KayWin Exe program to your Kayzero directory 2 2 Run The Program Run the Kayzero for Windows software KayWin Exe Chapter 2 Installation and User Interface 4 2 3 User Interface Kayzero for Windows is a 100 windows program and works like any windows program The program has no built in Help This manual and the Vade Mecum replaces the Help 2 3 1 The MainMenu The menu is almost identical organized as the DOS menu of Kayzero
128. s and Coifactors DSM D 02H4 iml x File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help x ail 400 SOO Bn all 1000 1500 2000 SUOQ 3500 e M M Oo ee CT 7 Ooo e e eA lele A lA Q 4E 4 ou b S56E 3 l85E 2 B 4E 2 50 8E 2 154E 2 57 5E 3 07 0E 3 17E 3 53DE 3 S 56E 3 538E 3 852E 3 39E 3 87 3E 3 ca c3 c3 C3 c3 c3 63 C3 c c3 occ Un gEg 00 gE 000E 0 00 0E 0 00 gE 00 0E 0 00 0E 0 00 0E 0 00 0E 0 000E 0 00 gE 00 0E 0 00 gE 000E 0 00 0E 0 00 0E 0 source D on detector DSH on position sample ZG 2H4 weight 0 700 Figure 4 20 Detector calibration file for vial D filled with 0 7 gram of C2H4 a resin at position 3 on the source holder of detector DSM2 Coincidence correction factors can be printed using SOLCOIl Print Efficiency Coincidence Data Coincidence Correction and Efficiencie The input is essentially the same as the input for efficiencies The only difference is that a list of isotopes or one specific isotope has to be entered see Figure 4 21 and no energies have to be selected Detector Dsm mr Geometry po rl Position 2 1g Composition iC2M4 0 Weight gram nz0000 Isotope List ow mr Specific Isotope or ALL jal Cancel Figure 4 21 Input screen for printing coincidence correction factors Chapter 4 SolCoi 70 Th
129. s of order lists depending on the selections you make in the screen shown in figure 6 9 Ex Input for order list 10 x Order identification B rz Client Fs Print Info Institute Section i Print directories Audet murium ry Sort to section client name mmaa Sate otderrecenved lt 0342 2005 1011960 lt data results available lt 3 12 2005 lt date samples disposal lt o 01 1980 0371 2 2 OF Cancel Figure 6 9 Input screen for printing lists of orders The lists can be sorted according to order identification or according to the Chapter 6 Reference Guide 99 combination institute client see the check boxes The irradiation codes or the directories in which the measurement data are stored can also be printed Per measurement a print can be made with all entered data Reports Data see Figure 6 10 EXkayzero for Windows v2 01 ALL INPUT DATA PER MEASUREMENT FOR SAMPLE Bi x lt File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help gi x Kkayzero for Windows W2 01 OPTION 630 ALL INPUT DATA PER MEASUREMENT Order id DEMO Sample id 1B Meas id SCE7V 1 Weight g 4 7395 Label SCE VMG EKAYZERO library VERB 0 3006 2002 Description IRRADIATION DATA Reactor BR 1 Alpha l 0 0720 Channel Y4 i 33 0000 G thermal 1 0000 G epithermal 1 0000 Date start 30 0771996 Fc 3291 10 Time s
130. t energy multiplied by a conversion factor This factor a good value of which is three can be entered as an answer to this question Re 4 The error in the net peak area can be calculated by KAYZERO using the peak area and the background under the peak If not the error from the spectrum deconvolution program will be used Re 5 The concentrations calculated for all gamma lines are averaged the weighing factor is normally the standard deviation in the peak area This can be turned of so all gamma s are equally important ini x Directories Calculation Parameters Print Parameters Special Parameters Absorption Data Salcoi Print concentration in ngg C maka Concentration Notation scientific fixed Number of decimal places me Time Period Notation seconds hh imm ss nn Print only gammas with kOicode lt 3 3 including theoretically k s Systematical error 355 in 96 to be added to final error in element concentration Save paper M x 5 Figure A6 2 The Print Parameters option Appendix 6 Calculation Parameters A23 Print Parameters see Figure A6 2 Re 1 The standard unit for the printed concentrations can be given in ng g or mg kg Re 2 The concentrations can be printed in fixed or in scientific notation If fixed notation is chosen the number of decimal digits can be set Re 3 The time period can be printed in seconds or in time notation hh mm ss Re 4 W
131. t identification separated with a semicolumn e g SCK7V 1 were SCK V is the subdirectory and 1 the measurement number At DSM we store all spectra of samples irradiated in a specific channel during one irradiation day in a subdirectory In this example the irradiation was code named SCK V and all measurement data was stored in the data directory Ao CK VV see the header of the input screen in figure 3 5 The measurement identification can thus be used to select all data of a particular irradiation day You can pick your choice from a list of previously entered inputs Ex Enter measurement data 107 P mi x Monitor file identification BRT Monitor identification ALI Measurement identificatian OF Cancel Figure 3 4 Identification of the measurement data of a monitor If the identification data have been entered correctly you can proceed by pressing the OK button In the monitor measurement Edit Data input screen figure 3 5 the weight of the monitor element has to be entered in ug 72 48 mg 0 1 72 48 yg The self absorption correction factors for thermal and epithermal neutrons may be entered Tools Thermal Neutron Self Absorption It is also possible to enter a description and a label for the monitor selected Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 14 fea Kayzere or Wingo i E He s ioii Monitor file BHTY4A Data director SCE P bonito ALI Measurement Found Measu
132. tart 08 29 00 Irr time s 4h Detector DSH Hatrix L2H4 Geometry ET Weight gq 4 739500 Position ce Date start S0 074 1996 Time start 16 24 04 True time s 2475 000 Decay time s 3h55m dz Dead time x 0 000 Peak Table File 25 V U1 PTF Background PTF ZBGSHB5 PTF Result File 257V01 B01 Remarks Figure 6 10 Printout of all measurement data for order DEMO sample 1B measurement SCK7V 1 Chapter 6 Reference Guide 100 The peak table data file including the parameters of the measured gamma ray spectrum can be printed using Reports Peak Table Data see Figure 6 11 You can print peak table files of the measurements of samples and monitors ag REPORT PEAK DATA SAMPLE ORDER 640 Ioj x Order identification ar l DEMO Interference Correction Sample identification or T v Isotope Identification Measurement identification or sckzv1 Parameters for peak explanation Energy window in key ane sided 0 OF Cancel Figure 6 11 Input screen for printing the peak table file KAYZERO will recognize a peak in the measured spectrum if the KAYZERO Library contains a matching gamma line within the energy window see Figure 6 12 If the measurement data have been previously calculated it is possible to use only identified radionuclides for peak identification see Figure 6 11 If an LFC dual spectrum measurement is found the weighing factor
133. tector dead layer detector can etc are made for the determination of the linear absorption coefficients Mass absorption coefficients of all elements are stored in data files If you click on the material input field a form like figure 4 7 will appear if you click a drop down list with material will appear Materials can be composed using Tools Material Compositions Edit Materials fg Enter a material composition Ioj x C Select Material Chemical Formula H 20 Mate Enter the chemical bruta formula af a meterial IF the formula is incorrect the input field will turn redl A chemical formula is always preceded by H OF Cancel Figure 4 8 Entering a material composition by giving the bruto chemical formulae You can also enter a material composition by giving the bruto chemical formulae see figure 4 8 The crystal radius and height is including the dead layer thickness see Figure 4 5 Chapter 4 SolCoi 59 The detector parameters include also the source holder parameters and the energy range On the previous input screen Figure 4 6 you can enter the number of energies and the number of source holder positions Typical values for these parameters are 17 and 5 respectively The maximum number of energies is 20 and the maximum number of positions is 10 Distance A is the distance between the top of the source holder foot to the bottom of the platform see figure 4 5 Position 1 is considered to be t
134. ted best values Chapter 4 SolCoi 8 4 4 Reference efficiency and peak to total ratio curve fitting The photopeak efficiency on a reference position and the peak to total PTT ratio for all positions are determined using a large number of measurements This information is necessary for the calculation of coincidence correction factors In order to provide data for any energy the measurement data is fitted Using sub menu SOLCOI Fit Reference Efficiency or PTT curve See Figure 4 30 you can perform the fitting procedures and store the resulting data on disk ini xi File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCO Archive Tools Window Help Input Source Detector Data Calculate Show Inputfoutouk Data Shaw Data Lists Print Efficiency Coincidence Data k Fit Reference Efficiency or PTT curve P Fit Curve Fine Tuning Save Fil Check Reference Efficiency Check PTT Figure 4 30 Reference Efficiency and PTT Fit menu 4 4 1 Fit reference efficiency or PTT curve The reference efficiency and peak to total ratio curve fitting is performed in such a way that the coincidence correction program SOLCOIN a part of SOLCOIl and the NAA evaluation program KAYZERO or the activity calculation program NATACT can use this data Before starting the curve fitting the measurement data has to be stored in a comma separated ascii data file The extension of the file should be CAL and for each measurement an energy a refere
135. terpolation can nat be used for point sources Source Material isin2 Density 1 kg m3 200 Density 2 kama i00 Density 3 kg m3 2000 Density 4 kg m3 4000 Density 5 kg m3 enun OF Cancel Print Figure 4 11 Material composition and density in the case of matrix interpolation for vial type S If you check the matrix interpolation check box Figure 4 10 you can enter more densities for the creation of a matrix interpolation dataset see Figure 4 11 For an explanation of matrix interpolation see Appendix 5 This range of densities can be adjusted to the most commonly used source compositions and densities The source is in the case of matrix interpolation in fact a vial that can be filled with materials having in principle any composition and density The only prerequisite is that the filling height volume in these standardized counting geometries is always the same If matrix interpolation is turned off see Chapter 4 SolCoi 62 Figure 4 10 the program calculates the standard effective solid angles for the specified sample material and density 4 2 4 Material composition input The materials to be analyzed or the materials of construction of source holders or detectors may have complex compositions rather than being composed of one single element they may be mixtures of elements or compounds For this reason SOLCOI offers the possibility to enter chemical formulas as input for material co
136. the Multi Monitor method 94 62 WavVZzero EIDEFaEV sesion a aa cas saceeieeis SO IHRER ERqUNU AE DESEE 98 6 2 1 Printing the Full Library esses 98 6 2 2 Gamma Line LISTING onse ecu decepta eet e mex tese UNE 98 69 REDONS No RR EM 99 6 4 Archive SyStellisuucinaut decine np eee ER OM ER RM RR Ex aec RES eir ap RE 103 6 5 Special Options Menu ccccccecceeceeceeceeseeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeees 104 6 5 1 Energy Calibration Series of Spectra 104 6 5 2 SPECA TOL s adadebesi dame e itu mia HERE n burden Er icphibiR UD 106 6 5 3 Thermal neutron self shielding 108 6 5 4 Calculation Parameters eeeeeeeesse 108 6 5 5 WI reel cT T T TM 109 Contents ji FE CTO CIN G LEE 112 Appendix 1 Efficiency Calculation 1 Appendix 2 Kayzero SolCoi Files 2 Description of Kayzero files eese 2 oolCoi Files in Efficiency Directory eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5 File Formats for SOLANG and COINCALC eese 6 Appendix 3 Algorithm and DataEvaluation 11 Ko TRO ArOIZ aL OM Ne a a 12 suere eee ee Pee eee een ee eee 12 opectrum Deconvolution AEA E AE ANN LAARS 14 COMM aratONn F ACIO DEED N 15 VIAL OW TNI TI a G 16 Isotope Element Identification
137. the specified spectra files in the data directory Data directrory Select Directory spectrum searchstring incl extension 45001 PTF New Energy Calibration O O000000 Channel O O000000 ke OK Cancel Figure 6 16 Energy Calibration for a series of samples screen 6 5 2 Spectrum Plot The spectrum can be plotted using Tools Spectrum Plot see Figure 6 17 If an LFC dual spectrum was found the ratio between the corrected and uncorrected spectrum W will be plotted below the corrected spectrum If the count rates changed during the measurement gamma lines showing serious decay will be visible in this plot By clicking the lines you can print all found gamma peaks in the plot Some gamma spectrum deconvolution programs might loose peaks However it is also nice to see how many peaks you have spread over the spectrum Chapter 6 Reference Guide 106 EsiKayzero for Windows v2 01 Spectrum 257 01 5PE I E ojx File Samples Monitors Library History Reports SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help 2 x LFC spectrum 257W01 5PE spectrum plot DEMO TE SCIK S T a a a a MEn ERE ERE ERE ERES ERE EEREREI RE roooo J LLL LL LLL aa ion S t a H n A OSHUO 1I ee ee END D d 3 LL 1 yY LLL 1 lll T S 1o d L i lt _ p Tr 1 ERE
138. tor Data Using the options given in the Monitor menu you can evaluate monitor measurement data see figure 3 2 iol xi File Samples Monitors Library History Reports 5SOLCOI Archive Tools Window Help Monitor File Measurement Peak Summation Energy Calibration Calculate Comparator Factor Calculate F and alpha using Zirconium Calculate F and alpha using Multi Monitors Print Fc F and alpha Figure 3 2 Monitor menu The monitor measurement data are stored in a monitor file Per file some additional general information can be entered and stored Monitor File The comparator factor F can be calculated using only one monitor When three monitors are irradiated a full flux parameter set F f and a can be determined using Calculate f and alpha using Multi Monitors however three is the absolute minimum and results in high uncertainties for f and a Better is to use an Au Zr monitor couple using the special optimized Au Zr technique Best way to measure f and a is to use the Cd ratio method using several monitors at least 4 5 monitors See the VADE MECUM FOR ko USERS 3 3 1 Monitor File A monitor file should contain the data of monitors irradiated in one particular channel All data can then be compared and trends in F f or a can be monitored The name of the file can be best related to the channel used In our example the file name is BR1Y4 for channel Y4 in Belgian Reactor No 1 BR1 Ch
139. tories Calculation Parameters Print Parameters Special Parameters Absorption Data Solcoi Directory for Solcoi Data DKA Y VBAYEFFDATA Select This directory may be different from the efficiency data directory so test calculations are not interfering with normal MAS work CALCULATION TIMES Cad 034 22005 12 55 48 EFFECTIVE SOLID ANGLE CALCULATION for one position and one energy Point source O06 seconds Mon Point Source gt 1 01 seconds COMCIDENCE CORRECTION FACTOR TABLE For one sample 1 position 5 10 seconds OF Cancel Figure 4 27 Calculation times for an AMD 64 3000 Chapter 4 SolCoi f 4 4 3 Fine tuning The experimental determination of the vacuum gap and the dead layer thickness is essential for the use of the efficiency computation technique as explained in the VADEMECUM FOR Ko USERS a part of this software package see website www kayzero com download html The determination of these parameters is called fine tuning Fine tuning is performed by measuring several sources with true coincidence free gamma lines on the reference position and on positions closer to the detector These sources do not need to be calibrated sources The count rate ratio of measurements on the reference position and a position closer to detector is used to check the efficiency conversion for different positions carried out by this program The deviations between measured and calculated ratios are mainl
140. y due to the fact that the vacuum gap and the dead layer thickness are not well known The fine tuning in this program is performed after you have entered the dimensions of the sources used for measurements and the detector see Chapter 4 2 First enter the measurement data Either the measured count rate or the count rate ratios should be entered see Figure 4 28 Chapter 4 SolCoi 5 fea Fine Tuning l E x Detector DEMO demonstration data Fine tuning Measured Data Existing Fine Tuning data Edit Measured Data and Calculate Energy Source Position Position 2 Position 3 Position 4 Position 5 Edit Measurement Data Calculate User Data Initial Data Best Fit 6 6000 Vacuum Gap mm Print Hew Results Top Dead Layer Thickness mm 0 2800 Banotuse data deviating more than 10 OF Cancel Small Farm Fine tune the values Figure 4 28 Entering the fine tuning measurement values Based on the vacuum gap and dead layer thickness supplied by the detector manufacturer a matrix is calculated for several vacuum gap and dead layer thickness combinations This may take a few minutes Using this matrix of calculated points and the measured data points a best fit is computed for the desired parameters see Figure 4 29 uu Ty ooo Uuuuuu uuuuuu UWL UWL E dit Measurement Data Zalizulate Fine tune the value User Data Initial Data Best Fit 6 6000
141. you can calculate the reference effective solid angle data using Calculate Reference Effective Solid Angles see Figure 4 2 This is done only once after calibrating your detector For computing all the other effective solid angles you have to use Calculate Effective Solid Angles and Coincidence Factors 0 x 5 SOLCOT Archive Tools Window Help Input Source Detector Data Calculate Reference Effective Solid 4ngles Show Input Output Data Show Data Lists Print Efficiency coincidence Data k Effective Solid Angles and Coincidence Correction Factors Coincidence Correction Factors Fit Reference Efficiency or PTT curve k Fine Tuning Figure 4 2 The Calculate menu The coincidence correction factors are calculated using the full energy peak efficiency the total efficiency e PTT is calculated according to 3 If you would like to calculate only the coincidence correction factors you can use Calculate Coincidence Factors Chapter 4 SolCoi 55 4 2 2 Data input for a detector source holder combination Using nput Source Detector Data see Figure 4 2 you can enter all relevant detector and source holder data You can select detector data using the drop down list or by typing the name of the detector max 4 characters Ex Input Detector Source Data Mame BETZPES POAT 42 S v Detectors Sources Cancel C Input Files C Solid ragle Output DK C Sainsidence arectar Mutput
142. z 70 eens E RM iz Ready 2 Figure 3 44 Report output You can see in figure 3 44 that Kayzero for Windows marked the concentration for Co with chk1 This means that the observed standard deviation was very high larger than 3096 normally a concentration with a standard deviation this high is lower than the detection limit If you check the results in Samples Select Reject analytical Lines you will see why Co is not present Br has sum peaks on 1173 and 1333 Chapter 3 Analysis Evaluation 52 4 SolCoi SOLCOI is a part of Kayzero for Windows originally it was a separate software program that helps the neutron activation analyst and the gamma ray spectrometrist in determining efficiencies and coincidence correction factors SOLCOI calculates effective solid angles and coincidence correction factors The efficiency computation method involves extensive calculations resulting in effective solid angles which are stored in data files see Appendix 1 The SOLCOI user is expected to be familiar with the efficiency computation technique of the INW For a practical guideline in applying the efficiency computation method see the VADEMECUM FOR Ko USERS by De Corte and Simonits A short explanation is given in Chapter 4 1 All steps needed for the calculation of effective solid angles and coincidence correction factors are given in Chapter 4 2 In Chapter 4 3 the fine tuning of two detector dimensions is demonstrated a

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