TABLE OF CONTENTS
Contents
1. 1 21 14 145 D 1 5 214 2145 21 5 2 4 1 2 45 J 3 exclamation to ff brackets were gg open quote question in wh which letter sign final gh for ar poetry sign th this accent sign a 1 b 2 but c 3 can d 4 do e 5 every f 6 from g 7 go h 8 have i 9 j 0 just k knowledge 321 L pound sign 3 14 3 145 3 1 5 3214 32145 321 5 32 4 32 45 3 1 6 321 6 2 456 3 14 6 3 1456 3 1 56 2 4 6 21 56 21456 45 contraction 456 contraction 2 70 7 bMr MSM CHYMAHVOZE 1 like m more n not o people q quite r rather S SO t that u us v very w will x it you 7 as ow ou out er initial initial PIAF Workbook User Manual STANDARD UNITED KINGDOM 6 DOT BRAILLE COMPUTER CODE 3 456 56 d 456 4 6 3214 6 amp 3 dE separator 45 3 45 3 5 32 5 292 22 3 6 2 56 3 4 321456 0 1 6 1 21 6 2 14 6 3 1456 4 1 56 5 214 6 6 21456 7 21 56 8 2 4 6 9 2 5 32 32 96 lt his 32 56 7 number sign ble accent sign letter sign final contraction initial contraction italic sign final contraction and thousands initial contraction ar poetry sign in exclamation to ff comma ea decimal point hyph2. 15 PIAF FEATURES One of the key features to be considered with any Tactile Image Maker is safety Very high temperatures are required to properly raise images on capsule paper High temperatures and paper are not natural bedfellows so a great deal of engineering has to be put into making a Tactile Image Maker a safe and reliable product for children and adults vision impaired or fully sighted Purchasing a unit that may be cheaper but without all the safety features may prove a much more costly exercise Safety Features Paper Sensing Even when using new capsule paper there is always the potential for paper to get jammed in the machine To avoid jammed paper catching fire PIAF actually senses when the capsule paper enters PIAF as well as when it leaves If the paper has not started to come out the exit side of PIAF within 6 seconds then the power to the heating element is turned off and the cooling fan is left on Without this feature a dangerous situation can easily develop so make sure your Tactile Image Maker has this feature Overheating protection In addition PIAF contains a temperature sensing circuit If for any other reason the unit becomes too hot shut down occurs automatically once safety temperature is exceeded This is a back up to the paper sensing and ensures fail safe operation Operating Features Handles paper sizes up to 11 X 17 inches A3 size Only 10 seconds to process a single sheet of 8 5 X 11 inches
3. 32 4 6 1 32 456 3 4 6 ES STANDARD GERMAN CODE en 45 PE Dies B 14 145 D 1 5 E 214 2145 6 21 5 H Dofus H 2 45 J EAR RE 3 14 M 3 145 N 3 1 5 O 3214 P 32145 Q 14 6 1456 1 56 214 6 21456 21 56 2 4 6 2 5 2042 22156 32 56 45 2055 6 JA Ch tA gt 824 32 45 3 1 6 321 6 2 456 3 14 6 Med cue 3 1456 Y 3 1 56 Z 321 56 32 456 32 4 6 456 The following is a guide to preparing tactile graphics as developed by Mr Len Warner and Ms Heather Grainger of the Education department in Queensland Australia contact details below Our thanks to both of them for their contribution Education Queensland Education Services Directorate Vision Impairment Services Low Incidence Unit 17 Churchill St Buranda Brisbane Australia 4102 Tel 61 7 3247 3288 Fax 61 7 3247 3280 AS REQUESTED TEACHER Your teeth enable you to break down whole pieces of food into bits small enough to swallow It would be very difficult to eat an apple without teeth So to eat well and to keep healthy you need your teeth An adult has thirty two teeth sixteen in each jaw The four front teeth in each jaw are chisel shaped and are used for biting and tearing These are the incisors in SIGH zors The next one each side of the jaw are the canines The
4. Add braille labels High Tech There are now a wide variety of braille fonts that can be installed onto your computer A very good reference to these is on the web pages of the Texas School for the Blind http www tsbvi edu Education fonts html These fonts can be added to your word processor install in Windows Control Panel Fonts and when selected braille dots appear on your screen instead of regular letters By simply typing using the braille font you will produce computer braille To add contractions refer to the North American Computer Braille code which is attached Appendix A For example use the key to make the Letter Sign Dots 3456 or use the key to make for Dots 123456 This is the RNIB braille font using 23 point and 1 3 X line spacing using WordPerfect 6 1 To make JUMBO braille simply increase the font size to the desired level this is 35 point and 1 6 X line spacing 12 Add braille and non tactile print labels Often there is a need to have both braille and print labels on a diagram particularly where the student has to work with the diagram at a time when a vision teacher or teacher s aide is not present However a print label can be very confusing when it is made tactile and unless there is a specific reason such as learning to identify print characters they should never be made tactile To achieve labels where the braille is tactile and the print is not you first need to produce bo
5. PICTURES IN A FLASH Accessible Graphics PIAF PIAF Tactile Graphics Workbook Revision 1 1 2004 09 27 O Quantum Technology Pty Ltd PO Box 390 RYDALMERE NSW 2116 Ph 61 2 8844 9888 Fax 61 2 9684 4717 Ce www quantech com au Quantum info quantech com au TECHNOLOGY PIAF Workbook User Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEE 5 WHAT IS CAPSULE PAPER i Dp ee o SER et eec ate t asd 6 TECHNIQUES EE ee 7 T e En E EE 7 VAS M Toe 7 3 Add meaningful EE 7 4 RESOUTCOS ias irr E i DR EEN 7 1 Use regular or scratch paper first n sagas 9 2 Prepare your own Graphics bt 9 3 Re Use Capsule tol a M olet e aba uenia 9 STEPS SELECT THE IMAGE ierat tet pr o uro aeo ceo dde teta rer xc 10 SEP 2 PROCESS THE IMAGES sia aetates etus 11 LOW NU cep P REM DT PTS 11 elei ca red cnl NAAS ED tute sn vu 11 STEP 3 ADBINGI LABEES i oe EC OE DOE ERI e ets 12 Add braille labels Low Tech uite terree Et eos 12 Add braille labels High Tech 12 Add braille and non tactile print 5 esses 12 STEP 4 e E ette oo oda 13 Eire D hie S ioa coto 13 TEXTOS SPON AE Gi DA 13 El ln DEE 13 IDEAS FOR APPLICATION dad tnam eb deteca dee tas 15 PIAF e Eege 16 Safety Featur
6. A4 paper Audio indication A beep lets you know when to start a new sheet This way you don t have to wait for a page to completely exit PIAF before you start processing the next one A simple flip down design enables easy paper removal and safety inspection Energy efficient and quiet Easy Handling Strong easy grip handle and fold down feed trays Power Requirements Both 110V and 220 240V versions are available 16 CONTACT INFORMATION Please give us your feedback on how you are using PIAF and capsule paper We are always keen to hear of new ideas and pass them to all other users PIAF is available from these organizations CONTACT INFORMATION Mountbatten PIAF and Monty are available from these organizations AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA Neville Clarence Technologies PO Box 95309 Waterkloof Pretoria 0145 Phone 27 12 3463464 Fax 27 12 3462303 Contact Mr Neville Clarence Email neville nctec co za Web http www nctec co za ASIA INDIA Karishma Enterprises 132 Maker Tower B Cuffe Parade Mumbai 400005 Phone 91 22 22181853 Fax 91 22 22153291 Contact Mr Ram Agarwal Email ke vsnl com JAPAN KGS Corporation 1004 Ogawa Ogawa Machi Hiki Gun Saitama 355 0321 Phone 81 493 72 7311 Fax 81 493 72 7337 Contact Ms Noriko Nedachi Email nedachi kgs jpn co jp Web http www kgs jpn co jp MALAYSIA Rus Medic Sdn Bhd No 69 2 Jalan 3 76D Desa Pandan 55100 Kuala Lumpur
7. Phone 60 3 9281 8993 Fax 60 3 9282 8993 Contact Mrs Lilian Chin Email rusmedic tm net my PAKISTAN Aziz Jehan Begum Trust for the Blind Equipment Resource Center 13 B H Block Gulberg II Lahore Phone 92 41 575 0336 Fax 92 41 571 0028 Contact Mr Mohammad Salahuddin Jeddy Email ajobtrust lhr paknet com pk TAIWAN R O C International United N Y Co 3 F No 17 sec 3 Min Chung E Road Taipei Tel 886 2 2516 9669 Fax 886 2 2516 9789 Contact Mr Euclid Hsu Email interuni ms27 hinet net THAILAND Foundation for the Employment Promotion of the Blind 2218 86 Chan Road Chongnontri Bangkok Yannawa 10120 Phone 66 2 678 0763 Fax 66 2 6780765 Contact Mr Pecharat Techavachara Email fepb internet ksc net th CENTRAL AMERICA Brailler Inc P O Box 5064 1000 San Jos Phone 506 820 6655 Fax 506 259 0809 Contact Mr Edgar P rez Email brailler racsa co cr 17 EUROPE BELGIUM Tieman Belgium Baron Ruzettelaan 29 8310 Brugge Phone 32 050 35 75 55 Fax 32 050 35 75 64 Contact Ms Ludwine Wouters Email info tieman be Web www tieman be FRANCE CECIAA 134 140 Rue d Aubervilliers 75019 Paris Phone 33 1 44 69 89 89 Fax 33 1 44 69 31 69 Contact Mr Gilles Candotti Email gilles candotti ceciaa com Web www ceciaa com UNITED VISION 4 rue L on Blum 91120 Palaiseau Phone 33 0 1 69 19 47 57 Fax
8. b CC STEP FIVE PHOTOCOPY ONTO CAPSULE PAPER m D yr Ze oed for gn sedi nd tearing 59 RD An b SIX PLACE CAPSULE PAPER IN PIAF WHEN IT IS EXPOSED TO THE HEAT PRO CESS BLACK IMAGES ABSORB AND 3 Ny Pulp cavity WN 442 L wh Blood ANS GI vessels 7 V Gum JS Nerve H Jaw bone incisor used for Am 5
9. in following sections on how to convert a full colour image into a good tactile image 3 Add meaningful labels Add braille labels where appropriate and remove text labels in most instances In following sections we describe how to add print or large print labels that are not tactile and how to make braille labels 4 Other Resources Guidelines for Design of Tactile Graphics by Fred Otto fotto aph org American Printing House for the Blind www aph org Creating Good Tactile Graphics Two Video Set includes booklet and worksheets Also available from the American Printing House for the Blind National Centre for Tactile Diagrams University of Hertfordshire Hatfield AL10 AB Web www nctd org uk Tactile Graphics Book by Polly Edman Available from the American Foundation for the Blind 11 Penn Plaza Suite 300 New York NY 10001 Tel 212 502 7661 FAX 212 502 7777 http www afb org Tactile Access to Education for Tactile Graphics an Overview and Visually Impaired Students Resource Guide Your Internet Source for Tactile John A Gardner Science Access Diagrams Purdue University Project Oregon State University Tel http www taevisonline purdue edu Ta 541 737 3278 FAX 541 737 1683 Diagrams html e mail gardner physics orst edu A sample of a Braille TAEVIS Online RVIB Tactile Graphics Draft diagram is included below Standards Guidelines and Procedures for Production
10. these days To obtain a tactile graphic of the computer screen follow these simple instructions In your Word Processor e g MS Word or WordPerfect hit the Print Screen key Print Screen Then go to a new empty document and select the Paste function Edit Menu Paste The image of whatever was on the screen when you pressed Print Screen is now a graphic and you can change its size or select parts of it and then print it Then photocopy the image onto capsule paper run it through PIAF and there is your tactile graphic This is a very effective way of showing what drops down menus are where different toolbars are located and what actually happens on the screen when you do certain things You can use this function with Street Maps Locality Maps Guide to Buildings If you are in a location where blind or vision impaired visitors come regularly run off a map and send it to them to help them get there or to find their way around the building or campus once they have arrived Spontaneous Graphics It is often quicker to hand draw a simple image than to try and describe it What shape is the mosaic There s an alleyway that comes off the left side of the street just after the intersection but it s on a corner What s the difference between inter lock and an over lock Flow Charts Organisational Charts Starting a new job How do all the different departments work with each other Who reports to whom What is the chain of command
11. type of paper you are using begin processing with the heater setting control on the top cover turned to minimum rotate fully left Slide the paper image side facing up down the infeed tray arrowed until it is taken in by the machine which will make a beeping sound when the paper has been processed and is ready for another sheet do not feed another sheet of paper until you have heard the beep Do not adjust the heater to be any hotter than is necessary to satisfactorily raise the image For ease of processing try not to mix thick lines or large area raised graphics alongside fine detail graphics Pre Heating For consistent results we advise to preheat the PIAF by feeding Letter size paper A4 through the machine a few times This will make to processing more consistent especially on sensitive swell papers that only require moderate heat Store or transport PIAF with the paper trays secured in the manner it was when you received the machine PIAF Workbook User Manual Specifications Size Trays Stored 190 x 500 x 148mm Size Trays Open 190 x 500 x 510 mm Weight 6kgs 13lbs Colour Blue Ambient temperature range 0 40 C 32 104 F Power Consumption 240 VAC 5Amp 50Hz 110 VAC 10 Amp 60 Hz Problem Solving PIAF incorporates safety mechanisms designed to shut it down if the paper jams or if the unit becomes too hot A timer starts when paper is detected at the infeed slot if after 6 seconds the p
12. with your PIAF TECHNIQUES The process of making raised line graphics using capsule paper is very straightforward However simply converting an image into a tactile form doesn t necessarily mean that it is going to be a good tactile graphic or useful to a blind or vision impaired person Careful consideration has to be given to the design of the graphic and the selection of information you wish to make accessible There are some simple design considerations which are listed below There are also comprehensive guidelines published and references to these are listed at the end of this section 1 Keep It Simple The old saying Less is is the golden rule of making tactile graphics When converting a printed image from a text book or magazine the most common activity is removing information that is not meaningful once made tactile This includes printed text symbols or anything that is not needed to convey the required information In the following sections we describe how to clean up a printed image so that it is ready to be made tactile 2 Contrast Images that are black and white can be made tactile more easily than colour images For example a picture of a mountain against a blue sky may appear to have good contrast but once it is photocopied both the mountain and the sky become shades of grey And when this image is made tactile there is nothing to distinguish the mountain from the sky Techniques are discussed
13. 33 0 1 69 32 11 05 Contact Mr Sylvain Van Wassenhove Email svw Qtechnibraille fr Web www technibraille fr GERMANY Verein zur Forderung der Blindenbildung VZFB Bleekstrasse 26 30559 Hannover Phone 49 0 511 954 6540 Fax 49 0 511 954 6537 Contact Mr Norbert Dippel Email n dippel vzfb de Web www vzfb de GREECE ENLOGIC Maikina 112 15771 Athens Phone 30 210 777 4517 Fax 30 210 775 2869 Contact Mr Nick Panagopoulos Email info enlogic gr Web www enlogic gr ITALY Tiflosystem S P A Via IV Novembre 12 B Piombino Dese PD 35017 Tel 39 049 936 6933 Fax 39 049 936 6950 Contact Dr Lucia Guderzo Email info tiflosystem it Web www tiflosystem it NETHERLANDS Tieman Nederland Koddeweg 39 41 3194 DH Hoogvliet RT Phone 31 0 10 231 35 20 Fax 31 0 10 231 35 92 Contact Mr Ben Kofflard Email b kofflard tieman nl Web www tieman nl NORWAY Blindes Produkter As Pilestredet 75C Postboks 5915 Majorstuen 0308 Oslo Phone 47 23 21 55 50 Fax 47 23 21 55 51 Contact Mr Jan Ove Holdhus Email joh blindesprodukter no Web www blindesprodukter no POLAND HARPO ul 27 Grudnia 7 61 737 Poznan Phone 48 61 853 1425 Fax 48 61 853 1419 Contact Mr Jaroslaw Urbanski Email jurbanski harpo com pl Web http www harpo com pl PORTUGAL ACAPO Rua de San Jos 86 1 1150 324 Lisboa Phone 351 21 322 5469 Fax 351 21 342
14. 8518 Contact Mrs Alexandra Relha Email uet acapo pt Web www acapo pt ElectroSERTEC Av Jo o Paulo Il Lote 527 2 L 1900 726 Lisboa Phone 351 21 831 0047 Fax 351 21 831 0048 Contact Mr Aquilino Rodrigues Email aquilino electrosertec pt Web www electrosertec pt SPAIN ONCE CIDAT Camino de Hormigueras 166 28031 Madrid Phone 34 91 709 76 00 Fax 34 91 709 77 77 Contact Ms Maria Jesus Varela Email cidat once es Web www once es SWEDEN Insyn Sverige AB Ankdammsgatan 22 17143 Solna Phone 46 8 446 63 60 Fax 46 8 446 63 69 Contact Mr Michael Larsson Email michael larsson insyn se Web www insyn se Polar Print Box 950 97128 Lulea Phone 46 0 920 20 34 33 Fax 46 0 920 878 86 Contact Ms Inger Syk Email inger syk polarprint se Web www polarprint se SWITZERLAND Schweizerischer Zentralverein fur das Blindenwesen SZB Union centrale suisse pour le bien des aveugles UCBA Unione centrale svizzera per il bene dei ciechi UCBC Swiss national association for the blind SNAB Schutzengasse 4 9001 St Gallen Phone 41 0 21 345 00 50 Fax 41 0 21 345 00 68 Contact Mr Kannarath Meystre Email ucba materiel bluewin ch Web www szb ch UNITED KINGDOM Modern World Data Arran House Arran Road Dolgellau Gwynedd LL40 1HN Tel 44 13 41 42 20 44 Fax 44 13 41 25 00 51 Contact Mr Mike Williams Davies Email mike w
15. Un published Gillian Gale Royal Victorian Institute for the Blind www rvib org au http www taevisonline purdue edu SP97 659B pdf Microsoft Internet Explorer 4 D U LI GETTING STARTED 1 Use regular or scratch paper first Always prepare your tactile graphic on a sheet of regular or scrap paper This enables you to make mistakes change and improve the graphic without using a clean sheet of capsule paper each time Once the image is prepared to your satisfaction then photocopy it onto the capsule paper This enables the use of a wider variety of felt tip pens with or without carbon based ink to cut and past texture patterns onto your image and avoids wasting capsule paper which can be expensive This is especially true when drawing images freehand where a trial and error process is required 2 Prepare your own Graphics Kit Teachers and transcribers who have been making tactile graphics for many years collect and use a wide range or tools and materials that they have found to work well Similarly it is recommended that you develop your own kit of materials that have advantages for making tactile graphics using capsule paper Recommended items to include in this kit are Scissors Clear adhesive tape sometimes called invisible tape as it doesn t show when photocopied Masking tape Liquid paper such as White Out Felt tip pens of varying thickness Glue stick Carbon paper Stick
16. aper has not correctly threaded itself through to the outfeed the mechanism will shut down When you are inserting paper it is important to hold the paper firmly against the infeed if paper is detected and then held back from being drawn in the time cycle from infeed to outfeed will be interrupted and it may shutdown even though it has been deeding the paper correctly After the initial 6 seconds allowed for the paper to feed correctly another safety mechanism begins monitoring the paper movement If the paper stops is prevented from moving for more the 1 seconds the heater and paper drive will turn off however the cooling fan still operates Paper Jam If the paper is badly curled to begin with or if the heater is adjusted too hot for the type of paper in use you might find that the machine shuts down as the paper does not feed correctly through the mechanism Paper then can be cleared from the mechanism by firstly allowing the machine to cool for a few minutes leave the machine powered on so that the fan will aid cooling and then switch the power off Remove the power cord from the PIAF Unhook the outfeed tray from over the removable side panel and twisting the 74 turn latching screws to the left to unlock the panel Now place your thumbs on the metal spring clips at each side of the opening and push in towards the machine sides on the clips until they release the transport mechanism which will drop down The paper can b
17. ara org br Web www laramara org br For all other countries please contact Quantum Technology info quantech com au Appendix Grade 0 Braille Code tables Computer Braille Code CBC has been developed by BANA in the early 1980s The goal was to enable blind computer users to a strict one for one equivalence for text written in a computer code This CBC is nearly identical to ASCII braille equivalents in its character mapping A number of countries use different computer codes We have indicated below the ASCII text based representation of braille cells as used by computers You can enter braille directly in a document by typing these equivalents NORTH AMERICAN BRAILLE COMPUTER CODE 6 DOT NABCC 32 4 6 E 3 456 214 6 14 6 3214 6 amp 3 ene separator 321 56 32 456 1 6 3 4 6 SE 6 contraction 3 6 4 6 3 4 3 56 0 sign 2 1 32 2 2 5 3 2 56 4 2 6 5 the initial contraction 7 number sign ble ed sh shall and thousands of with ch child ing capital separation sign final hyphen com italic sign final contraction slash st still close quote was by degree comma ea decimal point semi colon be bb colon con cc full stop dis dd en enough 32 5 6 32 56 7 32 6 8 mark his 3 5 9 1 56 56 contraction 21 6 lt 321456 3 45 gt 1456 7 4
18. davis force9 net Web www modern world data com MIDDLE EAST UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Technologies API World Tower Suite 304B Sheikh Zayed Road PO Box 33103 Dubai Phone 971 4 332 6339 Fax 971 4 332 6331 Contact Mr Auda Hazeem Email auda nattig com Web www nattig com NORTH AMERICA CANADA Aroga Technologies 150 5055 Joyce St Vancouver BC V5R 6B2 Tel 1 604 431 7997 Fax 1 604 431 7995 Contact Mr Steve Barclay Email steve aroga com Web www aroga com MEXICO Soluciones en Tecnolog a Adaptada Mexico Tlalpan 1030 A Col Nativitas 03500 M xico DF Phone 52 55 55 32 25 38 Fax 52 55 55 32 25 38 Contact Mr Roman Suarez Email suarezr sta mexico com Web www sta mexico com USA Optelec US Inc 321 Billerica Road Chelmsford MA 01824 Customer Service 800 828 1056 M F 8 30 a m 5 00 p m EST Email customerservice optelec com Web www optelec com SOUTH AMERICA ARGENTINA CONSULTORA TIFLO TECNOLOGICA BATTIPEDE amp ASOCIADOS Paraguay 610 Piso 30 Of 6 C1057AAH Capital Federal Buenos Aires Phone 54 011 4312 4769 Fax 54 011 4313 1586 Contact Mr Rub n L Battipede Email info tecno ayudas com ar Web www tecno ayudas com ar BRAZIL Laramara Rua Conselheiro Brotero 338 Barra Funda CEP 01154 000 S o Paulo SP Phone 55 11 3660 6417 Fax 55 11 3662 0551 Contact Mr Robert Mortimer Email rmortimer laram
19. e removed Reverse the above procedure to return the machine to working order Ensure the transport mechanism clips firmly back into position Heater Intermittent The internal temperature of the machine is monitored and if it becomes too hot the heater is turned off until the temperature drops If this happens often consult an authorized technician who will diagnose the problem Manufactured by Quantum Technology Pty Ltd 5 South Street Rydalmere NSW 2116 Australia Tel 61 2 8844 9888 Fax 61 2 9684 4717 Email info quantech com au Part Number 116 030 PIAF Workbook User Manual INTRODUCTION Several devices currently exist that enable the automatic production of tactile graphic material using a heat sensitive paper known as capsule paper These devices are known generically as Tactile Image Makers and in this publication we refer to PIAF Pictures in a Flash a leading example of a Tactile Image Maker PIAF enables high quality tactile graphics suitable for blind and visually impaired people to be made quickly and easily A full list of PIAF s features including important safety considerations can be found on page 15 PIAF is being used in a wide range of applications including Education All areas of education have a need to be able to produce tactile graphics for blind and VI children Traditional methods are time consuming and often don t allow the production of multiple copies In early education PIAF can be used to in
20. en com full stop dis dd slash st still for ch child gh sh shall th this wh which ed er out OW colon con cc semi colon be bb open quote question mark brackets were gg 3 56 gt degree sign 2 6 E aJaunmwWo vozzumcntuommumouou mg 5 LC nN lt close quote was by en enough the 1 b 2 but c 3 can d 4 do e 5 every f 6 from g 7 go h 8 have i 9 j 0 just k knowledge 1 like pound sign m more n not o q quite r rather S SO t that u us very w will x it y you Z as of 5 contraction 32 456 3 4 6 _ initial with capital separation sign final contraction ing STANDARD FRENCH AND GERMAN 6 DOT BRAILLE CODE STANDARD FRENCH CODE sp 3214 6 32 5 1 A 4 H 21 B 4 6 14 456 145 D 45 1 5 E 3 45 amp 214 3 2145 G 6 21 5 3 5 2 4 1 3 4 2 45 J 56 3 1 K 2 321 L 3 6 3 14 M 2 56 3 145 N 321456 3 1 5 O 3 456 0 3214 P 1 6 1 32145 Q 21 6 2 321 5 R 14 6 1456 1 56 214 6 21456 21 56 2 4 6 2 5 32 6 32 56 3 56 2226 JA Ch tA gt WW Ses cb zi 32 4 S 32 45 T 3 1 6 U 321 6 V 2 456 W 3 14 6 X 3 1456 Y 3 1 56 Z 321 56
21. ers for example stars Simple geometry drawing set square circle protractor etc And whatever else you can find that helps make tactile graphics 3 Re Use Capsule Paper A single sheet of capsule paper can be run through the PIAF multiple times If working one on one with your student take this feature into consideration For example with very young children it can be very beneficial to start a diagram at a very simple level and slowly build up the concept An example of this may be to draw a square run it through PIAF and show the student the square Then draw a triangle on top of the square and run it through PIAF again Explain to the student that this is the roof of the house Then sequentially add new features one by one running the sheet through PIAF each time In this way you can build up quite complex images but you are only adding simple elements at each step STEP 1 SELECT THE IMAGE The most common source of images is from a textbook and increasingly these images are full colour graphics Selecting an appropriate image is usually done after answering these questions Is a tactile graphic needed Can an audio description suffice or are there better alternatives such as a 3D model Is the image able to be converted to a tactile form and still provide the required information There are some images that no matter how much work you put into them will never provide meaningful tactile information Are there alternative imag
22. es PT 16 Operating Features eto SERA 16 Power REQUIEM SA santas ne added oda onere X dta cu o apod us 16 Appendix C Grade 0 Braille Code 1 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 21 NORTH AMERICAN BRAILLE COMPUTER CODE 6 DOT NABCC 21 POPE EINE CEP 24 PIAF Workbook User Manual Pictures in a flash A Capsule Paper Fuser for the Production of Tactile Graphics User Manual Unpacking and Installation Carefully remove PIAF from its carton Separate the Infeed and Outfeed Trays from the main unit Remove the cardboard Lamp Lock Pull to remove Attach the angled Infeed Tray to the side of the machine opposite side to that with the removable panel by hooking it over the spacers Attach the level Outfeed Tray by hooking it over the latches of the removable cover PIAF can be positioned sideways on a table where the paper is fed from right to left or setting it along a table and feeding the paper from front to rear It should be operated in a well ventilated area Plug the mains power lead into the socket and power outlet and press the switch near the power inlet Socket to on you will hear its fan operate Operation Make an image on the active surface of the swell paper either by photocopying or drawing through carbon paper or with a China pencil or ink for best results the pencil or ink must have a high carbon content Until you know the correct heat setting for the
23. es that will provide the same information There are some fantastic graphics available over the Web now and also in off the shelf graphics libraries Starting with a good clean line drawing and modifying is often easier than adapting a complex full colour image The most common need in selecting an appropriate image is to magnify or enlarge either the whole image or just those parts that will have meaning once they are tactile UR d 7 LG 555 i eue 2 This image is preferable to the one below W you have access to computer you can select parts of the image and magnify Or P dl you can cut sections manually and increase SCH ne using a photocopier Because of the NEA shadow effect you might touch up this kt image by hand drawing thicker lines where U 2 appropriate This is an example of an image that would be very difficult to turn into a meaningful tactile diagram If presented with similar difficult images it is better to find an alternative Commercial packages of clip art are available at reasonable prices and there are libraries of clip art on the web often as shareware STEP 2 PROCESS THE IMAGE There are a growing range of alternatives for how you work with the selected image and involve both low tech and high tech approaches Tech High Tech Clean up the image by removing all unwanted information For larger areas cutting appropriate shapes out of scrap paper and
24. namel and makes a hole Bacteria can then move into the softer dentine and cause tooth decay A dentist ut holes ancl Laun Ot ill Tree Y ift If vou cut do like pastries and sweets will form Brushing w much of t STEP ONE SCAN PAGE TO COMPUTER jaw are large and flattened Their job four are called premolars and thc last called molars Enamel A n gt Dentine N of a tooth is the substance in the W iving substance Blood EA 1e softer dentine inem EAE Ig r like bone In the Gum URS e ulp cavity which 5 55215 Infections in 2 of toothache Jaw bone An incisor used for molar used for biting and tearing food grinding food ar nrm STEP TWO SELECT DIAGRAM S AND ENLARGE AS REQUIRED vessels 7 NT WE 45 gt 4 Nerve Vav 7 An incisor used for A molar used for biting and tearing food grinding food 1 ed a Ior EUR AM STEP THREE REMOVE ALL PRINT MATERIAL AND REPLACE WITH BRAILLE FONT 2 ef AS A 2 D Us Or ZS ed for S st ad Za e EI ef An 15 Ober s Am b VL C s STEP FOUR PLACE DIAGRAMS ON PAGE AS REQUIRED No ANP PRINT No LRSL sea
25. questions of everyday life And above all PIAF is being used BY blind people From learning about handwriting and signature writing to drawing and taking the first tentative steps to expressing themselves graphically blind people now have a tool to start breaking down the barrier of graphics WHAT IS CAPSULE PAPER The Name Capsule paper has many names Sometimes it is known as swell paper puff paper pop up paper or even Minolta paper It is basically all the same material with a few variations How is it Made To manufacture capsule paper a suspension of very tiny polypropylene beads is painted onto a sheet of paper These beads are measured in microns so don t try looking for them How does it Work Capsule paper works on the principal that the color black absorbs more heat Hence when a black line or image or dot is on a piece of capsule paper it gets hotter than the area around it At a certain temperature these little beads explode and increase their volume rather dramatically just like making popcorn The result is that any black area on the paper is raised and hey presto you have a tactile image Always feed the capsule paper into the photocopier in the pass through or single copy mode to avoid the capsule paper becoming stuck in the photocopier Please Note The black ink used on capsule paper must be carbon based ink Toner in photocopiers is carbon many felt tip pens use carbon ink try one and keep it
26. raised and crinkly texture form on the top side of the capsule paper then the ink in your felt tip pen is not carbon based This effect will only work with carbon based inks Of course photocopying onto the reverse side of the capsule paper will do the trick And in case you were wondering like many great innovations this effect was discovered by accident when someone accidentally copied the image onto the wrong side of the capsule paper And this proves the fact that you should never stop experimenting and trying new things Capsule paper and the PIAF make the production of tactile graphics simple and easy and there are undoubtedly a whole heap of tricks and techniques yet to be discovered If you find any make sure you let us know 14 IDEAS FOR APPLICATIONS In education the list of applications is endless Basically every subject has some graphical components these days and the trend to use graphical images to condense information is increasing all the time The following are some suggestions for other applications that may not be immediately obvious Use capsule paper for teaching signature or hand writing A student can get a lot of practice on a single piece of capsule paper and get tactile feedback each time they do it Use capsule paper to show your student what is on the computer screen Often when a student starts to learn to use a computer many of the concepts can be confusing because of the graphical nature of computing
27. sticking over the unwanted objects is often quicker For small areas and text use a liquid paper Often the important part of the image may need to be enlarged using a photocopier and the unwanted part of the image discarded The focus has to be on reducing the image to the minimum basic elements that will impart meaningful tactile information Avoid having lines or textures that are too close together for the intended users fingers to discriminate Avoid using arrows or leading lines unless absolutely necessary as they will be hard to distinguish from the lines of the image If they are used make sure they are sufficiently different to other lines that they can be easily discriminated for example use dotted lines where all of the image lines use continuous lines To convert a full colour image into a usable tactile diagram place the image over some regular black carbon paper and trace the important elements onto regular scrap paper This can be especially useful for maps which are nearly always full colour and have little contrast Tracing outlines or particular routes means you can convert a complex graphic to a tactile equivalent in minutes Although old fashioned carbon paper is still available in most large stationary and office supply retail outlets Use a document scanner to scan the image and then import the file into a graphics program such as Graphics Works from MicroGrafx or many other similar drawing programs All s
28. th the braille and print labels on the draft copy of your diagram Then photocopy the image and labels onto the capsule paper However before running it through the PIAF use masking tape to cover all of the print labels Then run the page through the PIAF with the masking tape in place Everything will be raised on the page except what is left under the masking tape Remove the masking tape and you will be left with a tactile diagram that also has print labels that are not tactile STEP 4 SPECIAL EFFECTS Tactile graphics using capsule paper typically have a limited range of textures and line heights However there are some tricks of the trade that enable some really excellent effects and increase the legibility and amount of information on each graphic Line Thickness Textures Using lines of different thicknesses will produce lines of different heights A thick line will tend to raise higher than a thin line If you introduce some standards your student will recognise certain types of information without having to be told For example always use a certain thickness for main roads and a slimmer line for minor roads It is quite easy to add textures to your diagrams The easiest way is to hand draw a pattern crosses wavy lines etc onto the scrap paper before you photocopy the image onto the capsule paper Experiment with this and you will find that there are a range of textures that you can quickly create and that can be
29. troduce basic concepts and assist in the development of an expanded tactile vocabulary In secondary and tertiary education blind and VI children are faced with an accelerating challenge to access graphical information in just about all subject areas Additionally PIAF enables the production of high quality localised area maps for orientation and mobility training and for campus or building maps for new students Employment Knowing what a Windows layout on a computer screen looks like can be the first step in understanding how it works Understanding the organisational structure of a business can help a new employee see the big picture Sharing ideas and concepts be it a marketing strategy or a programmer s flow chart can be done in one or two diagrams instead of thousands of words The applications are as varied as the employment situations of all blind people At Home And just about everyone has a special interest in a particular subject Having accessible graphics can add a whole new dimension to those interests Parents of a blind child know what those special interests are and with PIAF can quickly produce relevant pictures and graphics Spouses and siblings can all share in filling the information needs of their blind companions Want to make an accessible chess board Want to see the difference between a killer whale and a humpback whale Want to see which part of Sweden your great grandparents came from PIAF can help answer the
30. ubsequent handling of the image cleaning up reducing or enlarging adding labels etc can then be done on the computer The big advantage of using this approach is that the file can easily be shared with others and can be modified for different applications without having to do all the preparation work over again A comprehensive step by step description of the process is included in Appendix B This example was kindly provided by the Vision Impairment Services Low Incidence Unit of the Queensland Department of Education Australia STEP 3 ADDING LABELS Add braille labels Low Tech An easy way to add braille labels to a diagram is to use braille transfer sheets These consist of rub down black dots laid out as complete braille cells Place the sheet over the diagram and simply rub the dots you need directly onto the paper Braille transfer sheets are produced by the Royal National Institute for the Blind in England product code LM44 and are available in most countries To find the distributor nearest you send and email to exports rnib org uk The second low tech approach requires some practice to perfect but it can work effectively Use a fine tip felt pen and a regular braille slate Holding the slate still you use the felt tip pen instead of a braille stylus and literally write the braille onto the paper Remember to always practice this on scrap paper and only copy onto capsule paper once you are satisfied with the result
31. used to distinguish one area of the image from another If a more precise and consistent pattern is required cut and paste appropriate textures from magazines newspapers etc Or alternatively use your computer to generate patterns either graphics or repeated letters a page of hyphens or underscores can make a good straight 13 line pattern Incorporate these directly into your graphic if using drawing software or print them out on regular paper and cut and paste onto your diagram Reverse Printing A very interesting effect can be obtained by printing on the reverse side of the capsule paper During the heating process when the capsule paper is going through the PIAF heat is absorbed from the backside of the paper causing the capsule paper to bubble to a much N greater height than regular lines on the paper Regular height line Reverse printing higher thicker and unusual textures The process for reverse printing is simple Produce your regular image on the front of the capsule paper say a map of the US Then hold the capsule paper up to the light or over a light box and on the reverse side draw in the mountain ranges you want to add to the map Fill in the areas selected with black ink Then run the capsule paper through the PIAF up side down with the temperature setting on high You may have to do it a couple of times to get enough heat but you will certainly notice the results when they happen If you do not get a high
32. y are also used for biting and tearing In carnivorous animals such as cats tigers and foxes the canines are very large and are used to stab and hold the prev to prevent its escape The ten back teeth in each jaw are large and flattened Their job is to grind the food The first four are called premolars and the last six which are the largest are called molars pee Enamel What are teeth made of X Deua 7 S The outer shiny white layer of a tooth is the pul ca a enamel This is the hardest substance in the ees human body It is a non living substance F lt Blood Py Underneath the enamel is the softer dentine EE This is living tissue something like bone In the Gum centre of the tooth is the pulp cavity which peve E contains nerves and blood vessels Infections in EH y the pulp cavity are the cause of toothache Jawbone An incisor used for A molar used for biting and tearing food grinding food Keeping your teeth healthy 7 Once a hole Ne appears in the enamel decay 8x 7 N QZ 1 spreads through ZA sch 9 96 NS lt When vou eat food a sticky Sub A called plaque LARK forms nam vour fand reproduce in the If vou e et VOU CAL SWeel Ve Ee tots of bacteria grow The bacteria in the plaque change the sugars into acid The acid eats through the e
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