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1. Associated HID Technical Target No CR Description Difficulty Value Tolerance A user shall be able to take a picture of a 11 3 1 human s tympanic membrane after a 2 Y N Y maximum 10 minute training course A user shall be able to take a picture of a 12 3 6 human s retina after a maximum 10 minute 5 Y N Y training course A user shall be able to take a picture of a 13 3 12 human s skin after a maximum 10 minute 3 Y N Y training course A user shall be able to measure the 14 3 10 temperature of a human after a maximum 3 Y N Y 10 minute training course A user shall be able to listen to the sounds 15 3 5 of a human s heart after a maximum 10 4 Y N Y minute training course A user shall be able to listen to the sounds 16 3 5 of a human s lungs after a maximum 10 4 Y N Y minute training course The UMI shall provide means to transmit 17 3 9 13 heart and lung sounds through a system 3 Y N Y output J i ini 1 5 18 1 UMI display shall be a minimum of 3 5 1 3 5 in inches diagonally 0 T 25 19 1 Bu shall have a maximum length of 4 725 in 5 inches 125 7 25 20 1 nud shall have a maximum width of 4 325 in 5 inches 325 25 21 1 Es have maximum thickness 4 3 5 in of 3 75 inches 35 22 18 All components of the UMI shall be 5 YIN Y contained in a single physical unit 23 6 The UMI shall provide means to capture 10 Y N Y pictures of the retina The U
2. TPNo Fulfilled ER Procedure 8 9 Touch the UMI screen with a capacitive tool i e finger and a non capacitive tool i e pencil eraser The UMI should respond to the finger not the pencil Click the iPhone camera shutter button Using a timer record the time it takes for 9 6 the captured picture to be displayed in the preview window after clicking the shutter button 10 28 Record a sound When the recording is stopped use a timer to record the time it takes for the captured sound file to be displayed in the iPhone s available files list Check that the microphone specification sheet lists the minimum and maximum 11 29 30 recordable frequencies The specification sheet will be provided by Team 105 Send an email from the UMI that has an attachment containing data from one 12 31 measurement Use a timer to record the time it takes for the sent folder to display the previously sent email 13 27 Weigh the UMI on a scale 14 22 Inspect the UMI Ensure that all parts are securely attached to the UMI Select an individual unfamiliar with the UMI The individual will be provided with work instructions and verbal directions to use the device After a maximum of 10 minutes the individual must be able to 11 12 13 14 e Capture pictures of the retina tympanic membrane and skin 15 15 16 26 e Listen to the heart and lungs e Measure body temperature e Output data This testing procedure tests the usability
3. ee 61 7 3 1 Testing Procedure 47 oe EE EE EE 61 12 2 Testing Procedure 411 cnet ette ed rec ER ia i RI bee ee ks cua 62 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS cete namamana 63 MED PT Learned C ONE 63 8 2 Recommended Next Steps eee irte preti a NA AA 64 9 REFERENCES ER ER 66 APPENDIX A Team Charter u n tnrba e sia Pad albus 72 APPENDIX B Physician Questiotinalte o aret NYAN NIN 73 APPENDIX Engineering Drawings a GA qanpa 75 APPENDIX D Complete Bill of Materials u etri rt rt bee NAGANA un 83 APPENDIX E Updated Engineering Drawings ese ese esse ese ese ee se ee se ee se ee eene enne 84 APPENDIX Survey Testing Results bes ABAKA TINGA dbe ee see eek EN 86 vi 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter introduces the project documented in this report and describes the original system the project team has been tasked with improving Chapter 2 will introduce the project requirements Chapter 3 summarizes background research of existing designs relevant to the team Chapter 4 describes and evaluates the solutions developed for this project identifies the design chosen for implementation and discusses the reasons for this choice Chapter 5 outlines the subsystems and components of the selected design and Chapter 6 provides an overview of the implementation plan Chapter 7 addresses the results of testing and sub
4. 10 However certain devices are now capable of using a microphone and internal software to interpret verbal instructions spoken by the user 11 The ability to control a unified medical instrument by voice would enable the user to perform other functions with their hands 3 3 2 Existing Design 2 Google Glass Google Glass is a wearable computing device that allows users to obtain directions take pictures and videos send messages and search the internet 12 The platform is built around a computer integrated into clear glasses with the only visual indication of a computer being the small transparent screen and built in camera The internal computer is operated through voice and touch commands which provide an intuitive connection to the software interface Although Google has a working model of the device Google Glass is still in the development stage and consequently is not available in the consumer market 13 Although ultimately intended for the general public Google Glass is being used in numerous research projects Possible applications include using Google Glass as an accessibility tool for people with disabilities as a monitor for physicians when using an otoscope or ophthalmoscope and as a training device for medical students during surgeries 14 15 16 These medical research applications provide concepts as to how Google Glass or Google Glass components could be applied to the unified medical instrument design Google
5. Online Available http www phonearena com phones compare Apple iPod touch 4th generation Apple iPhone 4s phones 5384962C5257 Accessed 1 November 2013 Amazon com Inc Customer image gallery for Apple iPod touch 32GB Black 4th Generation Online Available http www amazon com gp customer media product gallery B001FA1O18 refzcm cr dp cust img see all img0 Accessed 9 November 2013 J Thompson iPhone stethoscope attachment Maker Bot 10 September 2013 Online Available www thingiverse com thing 149028 Accessed 11 November 2013 Apple iPod touch 32GB Black 4th Generation OLD MODEL Amazon com Inc 2013 Online Available http www amazon com Apple touch Black Generation MODEL dp BOO1FA1O18 Accessed 1 November 2013 Adafruit Industries Electret Microphone Amplifier MAX4466 with Adjustable Gain Adafruit Industries Online Available http www adafruit com products 1063 Description Accessed 8 December 2013 Voltage divider Wikipedia Online Available http en wikipedia org wiki Voltage divider Accessed 8 December 2013 Welch Allyn PocketScope Ophthalmoscope Welch Allyn Online Available http www welchallyn com apps products product jsp id 11 ac 100 0000000001 139 Accessed 6 December 2013 Welch Allyn PocketScope Ophthalmoscope Popscreen Online Available http www popscreen com p MTM 1ODc20OTI5 Welch Allyn PocketScope Opthalmoscope Accessed 6 Decmber 2013
6. as it will be important to keep the end user in mind 29 4 DESIGN SOLUTIONS CONSIDERED ADOPTED This chapter presents three design concepts Section 4 1 that were produced collaboratively by Team 105 by utilizing background research and input from Tylee Cairns and Dr Funk The positive and negative aspects of each design are discussed in addition to a brief estimation of design cost and technical feasibility Section 4 2 identifies the design selected for implementation and justifies this design choice based on the HoQ rankings and its fulfillment of each customer requirement 4 1 Solutions Considered This section details three design alternatives that were developed by Team 105 Each alternative is built around a different platform and includes a different set of peripherals that will be attached to the platform This section also includes discussions of the advantages and disadvantages of each design alternative The discussion of each design alternative is focused on the following Subsystem descriptions Subsystem interactions Feasibility Cost analysis Customer and engineering requirement satisfaction 41 1 Solution 1 iPhone 4s Platform The iPhone 4s shown in Figure 3 was chosen as a base system for the first design alternative as it is a high quality device that is utilized in many medical fields 48 71 72 73 74 It accepts a wide range of custom peripherals and has applications that are directly applicable
7. the design of the ophthalmoscope otoscope subsystem necessitates knowledge of lens systems to ensure the correct focal length is achieved Currently Team 105 has minimal knowledge of optics so creating this subsystem may require a significant amount of research The stethoscope integrated with a MEMS microphone will require some electrical knowledge to correctly connect the device to the 3 5 mm headphone jack Additionally specific knowledge of acoustics amplification and filters is imperative to building a proper digital stethoscope Much of the acoustics will be built in the purchased stethoscope but the transfer of this sound to the microphone will be challenging Amplification and filters will ideally be included with the MEMS microphone but the correct specifications will need to be determined The amplification will allow the iPhone to better record and output sound as the signal will be stronger than if it came directly from an unpowered microphone Team 105 has some theoretical knowledge but minimal hands on experience in acoustics amplification and filters The case will be made from aluminum and 3D printed plastic because aluminum is tough and can be used for mounting peripherals while the 3D printed plastic can be formed into an ergonomic shape that is easy to hold Although aluminum is heavier than some other options it will protect the iPhone more than plastic would The iPhone will be lightly press fit in the aluminum case while
8. 1 Progress Split mn External Milestone lt Duration only Deadline Manual Progress Project Project Gantt Chart 003 Milestone 8 Inactive Task Manual Summary Rollup Baseline E Date Tue 3 18 14 Summary m Inactive Milestone Manual Summary ml Baseline Milestone lt Project Summary i 1 Inactive Summary 1 Start only L Baseline Summary Au ac Figure 30 Gantt Chart 58 6 3 Parts and Materials Sourcing The complete bill of materials displayed in Appendix D contains a comprehensive list of products and materials that were be purchased for the implementation of the proposed plan as well as the projected costs associated with them The total cost of the items in the bill of materials is 51 145 08 The budget for this project is 51 500 00 6 4 Design Changes during Implementation Phase The changes that were made during the implementation phase consisted of removing or altering design features that were planned in the final design submitted in December 2013 The changes that occurred are e Removed extra lens e Removed microphone mount e Upgrade in battery supply 6 4 1 Removed Extra Lens The extra lens was initially included in the design in order to allow the pictures of the tympanic membrane and retina to fill more of the iPhone s screen During the implementation phase it was discovered that the lens did not perform as expected due to the inability to correctly align the iPhone camera the extra lens and the ophthalmoscope Due to t
9. 2 Original System Operation kaa edes umanqa itta GANU DEERE seed 10 1 3 3 Original System Performance 10 1 34 Original system Deficiencies pnest seed Ke ee NG napala mani 10 2 PROJECT REOUIREMENTS aa naa ann eek geen Die eed Ese eg Ee en kaa 11 2 Houseof Quality nie N EE EA ENG NAN Ban 11 2 2 Customer Requiremints icta io eiit DAG 13 2 3 Enpimeernng Requirements sissies dees pi eme RANA Dian 13 24 Testing Procegures EA eter tret e esta a e Re rt eo eis FH 16 2 5 DesremBinkgu cm 17 3 BACKGROUND RESEARCH EXISTING DESIGNS a 19 3 1 Research Methods erri trien er eio e eee eee DN GANG 19 3 2 Functional DecombposillOn uuu u m Eo CERE E REED sees crn cerned 19 3 3 Relevant System Level Designs eese eene nnne enne enne enne 21 3 3 1 Existing Design 1 Global Positioning System Device see 21 3 9 2 Bxistmg Design 42 Google GlASS reis eret en rettet eto BIGA 21 3 3 3 Existing Design 3 Xbox One eerte t tee te tente 22 3 3 4 Existing Design 4 Apple 1Phone icai nte nin nnno irte Ak Ge eed 22 3 3 5 Existing Design 5 FirstExam Mobile Telemedicine Station 23 3 3 6 Existing Design 6 Nike FuelBand eese 23 54 Relevant Subsystem Level D sighis u kaaa ient erit re tec e t e SES ge Ee 23 3
10. 4 1 Subsystem 1 Collect Visual Data sesse mamamana na eiecit ennt nante se 24 3 4 1 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Electronic Recording Pen 24 3 4 12 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Digital Camera 24 3 4 1 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 SMART Board 24 3 4 2 Subsystem 2 Collect Audio Data sse nennen 24 3 4 2 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Hearing Aid sess 24 3 4 22 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Digital Stethoscope 25 3 4 2 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 MEMS Microphone 25 3 4 3 Subsystem 3 Collect Temperature Data esee 25 3 4 3 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Temperature Estimation via Heart Rate 25 3 4 3 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Infrared Thermometer 25 3 4 3 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Thermapen see 25 3 4 4 Subsystem 4 Provide Visual Representation of Data seen 26 3 4 4 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 MIRAGE Transparent Screen 26 3 4 4 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Equalizer Display 26 3 4 4 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Electrocardiographic Machine 26 3 4 5 Subsystem 5 Provide Audio Re
11. 5 11 Table 1 House of Quality System legen Project Numbei 105 met Tho UMI shali wh less han 2 5 be Jindicates strong positive relationship Project Name Unified Medical Instrument Prototype Hardware Tre UM 20 aiba more spaan pesa RE Te UM sat A DN Date 3 17 2014 indicates negative relationship The UMI shall have a maximum width NG v indicates strong negative relationship N ETE 4 lt Tha UMI shal include a capacitive touch screen ee Direction TU tay shat nave a mein 10 poat Tha LAI py atat bo inum c 5 reren c The objective is to minimize N shall provide means to record sounds ct 0 gt N T The objective is to hit the target The UMI shal provide means to record sound N wih a maximum frequency ol 5000 He Tre UMI shal save sounds maal win 10 is of inputting save commanc b Kano Type puting i Design Alternatives Legend Hi NG 1 appie iPhone s amp Basic requrement mu
12. 5 Solution 1 Customer and Engineering Requirement Satisfaction Listed below is a summary of the iPhone 4s design alternative s fulfillment of five customer and engineering requirements The customer requirements were selected based on their weightings and the engineering requirements were selected based on their ranking and relative technical difficulty 41 2 CR 2 The UMI shall be aesthetically pleasing The iPhone 4s is known for being aesthetically pleasing based on its sharp edges and clean front surface The combination of aluminum and 3D printing should positively impact aesthetics CRs 6 11 12 ERs 1 2 23 The UMI shall provide means to capture pictures of the retina tympanic membrane and skin Provided that the modified ophthalmoscope and additional lens are mounted rigidly and at the appropriate distance from the iPhone 4s sensor the 8 0 megapixel internal camera s macro image quality will produce a clinical quality image of the retina tympanic membrane and skin 83 CR 8 ER 3 The UMI shall provide means to measure body temperature The ThermoDock can measure body temperature at a resolution of 1 Fahrenheit 84 CR 3 ERs 11 12 13 14 15 16 26 The UMI shall be easy to use The iPhone 4s has a fast processor 85 which allows for high quality applications that are graphically intensive These graphics provide the user an intuitive interface which will require minimal training However the actual function of the subsys
13. Apple products that allows the iPod to store the temperature of the patient in the device 1 3 2 Original System Operation The original system is operated using multiple applications designed for the iOS platform The following lists which application is used for each device attached to the UMI e Modified ophthalmoscope otoscope This attachment utilizes the native camera application e ThermoDock This attachment comes with its own app called VitaDock e Stethoscope This attachment utilizes an application called the iStethoscope Pro All of the apps and devices on the UMI are operated through the iPod interface and have the capability to record and store data 1 3 3 Original System Performance The original UMI weighs 0 63 pounds The device measures 7 25 in by 2 75 in by 2 2 in The iPod touch has a storage capacity of 8 GB and a 3 5 inch diagonal display 1 3 4 Original System Deficiencies The current system has three major deficiencies unaesthetic design unclear view from the modified ophthalmoscope otoscope and awkward handling e Unaesthetic design The most noticeable deficiency with the original UMI is the aesthetic design of the case Since each peripheral had to be modified to fit onto the case many parts are hot glued together which gives the device an unappealing look Because the device requires an external battery as well as multiple devices that utilize the 3 5 mm jack there are many loose wires on the device Th
14. Glass fulfills many of the basic functions that the UMI will however it does not satisfy all customer requirements Google Glass directly applies to the UMI because of its intuitive interface and its ability to store record and send data This functionality is fulfilled by simple swiping motions and voice commands that will be considered when designing both the hardware and software components of the UMI Furthermore the hands free nature of Google Glass could be mimicked for the UMI Using a hands free device would allow physicians to take notes and interact with patients more naturally 21 In addition to its functionality Google Glass s expansion opportunities provide inspiration for the design of the UMI Although not mechanically linked in the Google Glass system other devices may be connected wirelessly which allows for numerous future applications 15 Although required to be a self contained device the UMI must have the ability to seamlessly connect to multiple subsystems 3 3 3 Existing Design 3 Xbox One The Xbox One is a gaming and entertainment platform that combines systems for visual auditory and tactile input and output 17 It uses a camera system called Kinect that combines an infrared projector and camera as well as a color camera to capture three dimensional 3D content 18 3D information taken from the user s hand motions is then used to control the Xbox One s graphical interface The Xbox One also uses audio input
15. IN THE DRAWING THE SOLE PROPERTY OF ALUMINUM TEAM 305 ANY REPRODUCTION IN PART OP AS A WHOLE 3 6 WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF s TEAM 0515 5 A PROHBTED DO SCALE DRAWING Figure C 6 Lens mount engineering drawing 80 2X 089 THRU NOTE BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES TOLERANCES ANGULAR MACH IS THREE PLACE DECIMAL 0005 MICROPHONE MOUNT PERMISSION SINSERT COMPANY NAME HERE Figure 7 Microphone mount engineering drawing 81 10 THRU _ 22 05 TE 3D PRINTED PART DIMENSIONS FOR REFERENCE ONLY BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES Figure C 8 Battery cover engineering drawing 82 APPENDIX D Complete Bill of Materials The bill of materials in Table D 1 contains all of the products and materials that were obtained to build the unified medical instrument The items in this table are grouped by the subsystems to which they belong double lines delineate a change in which subsystem the components belong to Subsystems are introduced in the some order as they are in Chapter 5 Table D 1 Complete bill of materials a Est Shipping Part Description Part Number Source Price Ea Cost Qty Comments U S U S iPhone 4s BOO6FMDVDK Amazon 308 99 5 49 6
16. The use of a periodic sound to indicate a certain event is in process such as a walk sign being on could be adapted to indicate that a device is in the process of recording data In the context of a unified medical instrument this would assure the user that the device is working and that data is being logged 3 4 6 Subsystem 6 Output Data Wirelessly to an External Database This section describes three systems that output data wirelessly to an external database including the Fitbit Apple AirPlay and Carbonite data backup The data output methods these systems use will help build functionality into the UMI so it can store collected data on external servers 3 4 6 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Fitbit The Fitbit is an electronic bracelet device that records exercise data with the use of a built in accelerometer 60 The bracelet automatically outputs wireless data through Bluetooth to a smart phone and then is stored online 60 The data can then be viewed from anywhere that has an internet connection The Fitbit system is simple to use as it requires no request from the user to upload the information The UMI could implement a similar system as it is required to send data wirelessly so it can be stored on a hospital s intranet Automatic uploading would ensure all data is saved away from the local device and that the information could be viewed from any location 3 4 6 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Apple AirPlay Apple Ai
17. a wrist the FuelBand can gather data even when the user isn t directly interacting with it This is an important concept for the UMI as it will be important to minimize the required effort to record data 3 4 Relevant Subsystem Level Designs This section describes 24 relevant subsystem level designs that fulfill at least one of the subsystem level functions listed in the functional decomposition Section 3 2 The relevant designs are divided into groups based on the subsystem function they fulfill The purpose of these designs is to provide inspiration for original designs they could also be implemented on the UMI if they are found to be directly applicable Sections 3 4 1 3 4 8 provide descriptions of each subsystem level design which are listed under their primary function 23 3 4 1 Subsystem 1 Collect Visual Data This section describes three systems that collect visual data including an electronic recording pen a digital camera and a SMART board The UMI will collect visual data when taking pictures of the retina tympanic membrane and skin 3 4 1 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Electronic Recording Pen The electronic recording pen is a pen that can be used to write in the same manner as a normal pen but it has a memory in which it stores the user s pen strokes This relates to the subsystem concerned with collection of visual data because the pen is able to digitally recreate the markings it made on paper and display it o
18. boten apa ad 40 4 1 34 Solution 3 Cost Analysis a aasa treten reete et 40 4 1 3 5 Solution 3 Customer and Engineering Requirement Satisfaction 41 42 Solution Adopted ANN IG ea Fe EFE ER GNG 41 SELECTED DESIGN DESCRIPTION 43 5 1 4Phone As Subsystem Description incite i ete tc E creta t a Per ERR EUR ER ated 43 5 2 Case Subsystem teneret o ete ate ee ket eee ke pe Gede eh Se Gee 44 5 3 Electronic Stethoscope Subsystem Description sse 47 5 4 Modified Ophthalmoscope Subsystem Description a 50 5 5 Thermometer Subsystem Description 55 DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION 3s 5 2 eric eiit ti ebbe NE ESE EA Dr Da dE E laqa Gee eks ee 56 6 1 Work Breakdown Structure een aed e e ei a REG ER Re LER RE Rue RENE bede 56 6 2 Project Schedule derriere titre Ran rette EO 57 6 9 Parts and Materials Sourcip aa GEEN eR HP NANANA 59 6 4 Design Changes during Implementation Phase esee ene 59 6 4 1 Removed Extra Lens erret RO EE ees Lese ea eh dee DONG 59 6 4 5 Removed Microphone Mount essere nennen nemen nennen 59 64 3 Upgrade in Battery Supply na saan in ette aa ayasa ANA 59 DESIGN TESTING eei rotta egeo 60 Testine 60 7 2 Post Testing Design Changes eret
19. budget of 51 500 25 18 The UMI shall be a self contained device except the speculum 17 2 3 Engineering Requirements Engineering requirements ERs are measurable criteria that represent customer requirements 2 The CRs are translated into ERs which are then used to test the final product design The engineering requirements 13 are further defined by four metrics which will be used to test the UMIs fulfillment of the customer requirements e Customer requirement relationship ranking Engineering requirements are directly linked to customer requirements through a relationship ranking This ranking value one three nine is used to develop a hierarchical list of engineering requirements which represents a relative importance to the customer e Technical difficulty The technical difficulty metric describes the required technical knowledge to fulfill a specific ER A higher number represents an engineering requirement that is more technically difficult to achieve e Target value The target value represents the ideal state for an engineering requirement This can either be a numerical value or a yes or no depending on the specific requirement e Tolerance The tolerance represents the range of acceptable values for an engineering requirement For an ER that is based off of a yes or no target value there is no tolerance The engineering requirements for the UMI are listed in order of importance in Table 2 along wi
20. eye is approximately 17 mm 101 while the focal length of the iPhone 4s is 4 28 mm 83 Using Equation 2 the effective focal length of a two lens system can be calculated where f is the additional lens focal length f is the iPhone 4s focal length and ds is the distance between the two lenses fif IL 2 ferr h fo ds Through some iteration a value for f of 25 mm and a value for ds of 15 mm was selected these values provide a balance between the length of the lens system and the size of the image cast on the iPhone 4s sensor while also resulting in an effective focal length of 7 52 mm An effective focal length closer to the human eye would be ideal but the UMI dimensional requirements limit any longer focal lengths from being achieved In addition to the 25 mm focal length a lens diameter of 5 mm was selected to ensure the optical system fits within the size constraints of the UMI Lens Mount The lens mount seen in Figure 28 is designed to hold the purchased lens at the correct distance from the iPhone 4s lens The lens will be held in place with a nylon tip set screw which will minimize the chance of damaging the lens during assembly The lens mount is made from 2017 aluminum and will be directly mounted to the aluminum case with two 2 56 screws See Figure C 6 in Appendix C for the accompanying engineering drawing Set screw Figure 28 Lens mount 3D model Speculum The 0 65 inch diameter speculum s
21. grip the device as hard to keep it from slipping out of the user s hand This type of ergonomic design will need to be incorporated when designing the unified medical instrument 3 4 8 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Ergonomic Mouse The 3M Ergonomic Mouse is designed to create less stress on the wrist when being used 69 The device itself does not look like a typical computer mouse but achieves the same functions as it controls the pointer on a computer screen The mouse is a joystick shape which allows the user to keep their wrist in a neutral position This position causes less stress to the carpel tunnels This product has received an Ease Of Use Commendation from the Arthritis Foundation for its ability to relieve stress and discomfort during use 70 The UMI will need to implement similar design functionality to ensure it is as ergonomically friendly to physicians as possible 3 4 8 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Xbox One Controller Video game controllers are an example of how the design of a product will need to be developed for more localized users in mind Microsoft has traditionally designed their controllers for the Xbox to be used by 28 larger hands compared to Sony s PlayStation This can be seen in the fact that Xbox controllers are larger with buttons spread farther apart while the Sony PlayStation controllers are smaller with buttons closer together This will be an important consideration when designing the UMI
22. image Adapted from 41 79 Temperature data collection ThermoDock thermometer The ThermoDock Figure 7 is an infrared temperature sensor that uses the 30 pin connector on the iPhone 46 It includes an app for the iPhone that interprets and displays temperature data ThermoDock Figure 7 ThermoDock attachment for iPods and iPhones Source 1 Ergonomic design 3D printed aluminum case The iPhone 4s will have a form fitting aluminum case which can have threads tapped into it to allow the 3D printed portion and other subsystems to be directly mounted The 3D printed part will improve ergonomics by having an hourglass shape which will be easy to hold for the physician 32 4 1 1 2 Solution 1 Subsystem Interactions The risk of unintended device interactions for this subsystem is minimal as each subsystem listed above connects to a different port on the iPhone 4s In addition physical attachments should not interfere as they will be mounted on different locations of the iPhone The most challenging system interactions problem may be compiling the different data types into a single intuitive application this is especially true with the ThermoDock as it has its own application 4 1 1 3 Solution 1 Feasibility As this design alternative implements an ophthalmoscope and stethoscope that must be modified rather than simply attached it requires some technical knowledge to implement To fulfill ER 2 3 and 22
23. improve the aesthetics and tactile feel of the device 65 9 REFERENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Medisana AG ThermoDock features VitaDock by Medisana Medisana AG Online Available http www vitadock com thermodock thermodock features html Accessed 9 November 2013 J R Hauser and D Clausing The house of quality Harvard Business Review vol 66 no 3 pp 63 73 1988 C Temponi et al House of quality a fuzzy logic based requirements analysis European Journal of Operational Research vol 117 no 2 pp 340 354 1999 ASTM International Form and style for ASTM standards Form for ASTM Standards pp A 1 2013 J T Dennerlein Anaphylaxis Treatment Ergonomics of Epinephrine Autoinjector Design The American Journal of Medicine vol 127 no 1 pp 512 516 2014 D J O Farrell et al Vehicle global positioning system United States of America Patent US5971552 A 26 October 1999 Garmin Ltd Real navigation introducing the 2013 niivi line Garmin Corporation Online Available http sites garmin com nuvi Accessed 19 October 2013 J Fan GPS receiver with close range wireless communication port United States of America Patent US6201498 B1 13 March 2001 TomTom International Via 620 your journey on the BIG SCREEN TomTom International 2013 Online Available h
24. included in many new cars that serves to alert a driver when they are in danger of colliding with an obstacle while in reverse The premise is that a warning sound is emitted when the sensor detects a vehicle 55 or pedestrian 56 within a certain range of the car The system emits a supersonic signal which is used to determine the distance to the obstacle 57 The inclusion of an auditory cue serves to alert the user of particular events A similar system could be used by the UMI to notify a physician when a measurement is successfully completed or to act as an alarm to a potential risk factor being detected within a collected piece of data 26 3 4 5 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Digital Voice Recorder Digital voice recorders are devices that can be useful for physicians to record medical notes of patients Modern digital voice records are compact and capable of replaying recorded audio in high quality stereo sound 58 Inclusion of this technology in the unified medical instrument would be a helpful tool for a physician to play back audio notes from a patient examination 3 4 5 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Crosswalk Alert Sound At many intersections that have crosswalks the standard light display indicating walk or don t walk is accompanied by a speaker This speaker emits a repetitive noise to indicate when it is safe to cross the street this serves to alert blind pedestrians that they may cross the street safely 59
25. ophthalmoscope Additional lens Ophthalmoscope mount Figure 23 Modified ophthalmoscope subsystem 50 Modified Welch Allyn PocketScope Ophthalmoscope The Welch Allyn PocketScope Ophthalmoscope is selected for this subsystem as it is compact and has 48 focusing lens combinations 98 to ensure the optimum image is captured by the iPhone 4s camera The proper focusing lens will be set on the ophthalmoscope and will not be easily switched by the user The iPhone s focus will ensure clear images can be taken of different retinas The ophthalmoscope head seen in Figure 24 must be removed from the handle which eliminates the power source and light adjustment knob These systems will be replaced with a battery and potentiometer as described later in this section Figure 24 Modified Welch Allyn PocketScope Ophthalmoscope Adapted from 99 10k Ohm Linear Rotary Potentiometer A potentiometer permits the ophthalmoscope s halogen light to be adjusted A 10k ohm potentiometer is selected Figure 25 as it is known that the UMI 1 0 light only works at the upper end of its potentiometer s range This means that the UMI 2 0 must implement a potentiometer that has a higher base resistance than that used on the UMI 1 0 Once the components for the UMI 2 0 are purchased more testing can be done to determine the voltage and current requirements of the halogen light to select the correct potentiometer The voltage and current requirements ca
26. project Mr Andrew Queisser for his continued support and enthusiasm for this project especially during the long nights testing lens systems Ms Teresa Mape for her help testing the UMI and her devotion to assisting us in completing our testing Ms Tracy Ann Robinson for her willingness and passion to develop us into stronger writers Dr Kenneth Funk for his professional knowledge and input during the project Dr Javier Calvo for his guidance when challenges arose Mr Brian Jensen for keeping us moving in the right direction when machining and answering all of our questions no matter how insignificant Dr James Bauer for his sponsorship of this project Mr Andrew Shepardson for the quick 3D printing turnaround times and high quality parts Mr Arvin Hille for his generous provision in letting us work in his shop Kristen Hayenga for her willingness to test the UMI and all the clinicians at Student Health Services who tested the UMI and provided useful feedback lii TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER qe RE EA RE EE i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EE EA RE EHE sepas ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS aa iii 1 INTRODUCTION nG EE OE RE OE EE NE OO DBA 7 1 1 Project Description and COhtext i e samaan Gede tenete es ANAN 7 1 2 Original Project Description from Sponsor sese 7 1 3 Original System Description uu aaa 8 1 3 1 Original System Structure a GG AA NA MANANG HANAY PEG RPG MINANANG 8 1 3
27. relatively simple to incorporate into the iPhone 4s design alternative as it requires minimal technical knowledge and implementation time However some consideration will need to be given to the sterility of the device As it is placed under the armpit when taking a temperature measurement the thermometer will need to be encased in a replaceable plastic sheath to eliminate the possibility of contamination It will also be important to ensure the Bluetooth thermometer is stored securely on the UMI as it will not be directly attached like the other subsystems Furthermore the Bluetooth thermometer must be separately charged from the iPod touch This could cause a problem for a physician if they forget to charge the thermometer along with the iPhone The primary disadvantage of this solution is the optical system which relies on the internal iPod camera The ophthalmoscope and otoscope peripherals would produce poor quality images due to the low camera resolution 92 Another disadvantage can be seen in the use of a single piece 3D printed case If a change to the case is necessary a new case would need to be printed This would consume time and a significant portion of the project budget 4 1 3 4 Solution 3 Cost Analysis A breakdown of the estimated costs of this system s elements is provided below in Table 7 Exact costs are included where possible approximated values are denoted with an asterisk 40 Table 7 iPod touch design alternati
28. sr Ihe Ja ANI 8 KATIE S S L 2 2 56 Tapped Hole NOTE 3D PRINTED PART DIMENSIONS FOR REFERENCE ONLY e BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES D TAPPED HOLE WILL BE ADDED AFTER 3D PRINTING IS COMPLETE 3D PRINTED CASE DO NOT SCALE DRAWING awe eer J Figure C 2 3D printed case engineering drawing 76 07 THRU 2 56 UNC THRU NOTE JD PRINTED PART DIMENSIONS FOR REFERENCE ONLY e BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES D TAPPED HOLE WILL BE ADDED AFTER 3D PRINTING IS COMPLETE Figure C 3 Diameter reducer engineering drawing 77 l 130 113995 EUavOos smmwanvosionoa 593243 da vHS vdsg V Vi S e SION A33 ON dmg azis NIX 3A uu 1UNOW doosoul ls 5000 TwWi23d sO wie 1003 TWWID30 3owv1d OML STHOvW av1nonv SIONVESIOL SIHONI NI SNOISNIWIO OC INN 95 SC ALO X SAL NI BNIYINOD NOUVINBOJNI 3HL TWUN3GHNOO ASVEMJOYd 95 paddb 9 Xy peddo 95 Figure C 4 Stethoscope mount engineering drawing 78 2 56 Tapped Hole THRU 2X Q 13Y 50 NY 00 17 X 90 2X 09 THRU OTE BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES Figure C 5 Ophthalmoscope mount engineering drawing 19 2X 09 THRU ALL 2 56 Tapped Hole TE BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES TWO PLACE DECIMAL 001 TE THREE PLACE DECIMAL 20 005 PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL Lens Mount THE INFORMATION CONTAINED
29. that can be used to interact with much of the system s functionality including opening applications searching the internet and conference calling other users 19 20 21 As opposed to the visual and auditory inputs through Kinect tactile functionality is restricted to the controller which can provide input through analog thumb sticks and output through controller vibration The Xbox One and Kinect in particular is a powerful tool that many medical applications and systems have implemented Researchers at the Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking have implemented the Kinect in a system that can be used for hands free interaction with medical images 22 Other applications of hands free interfacing with medical images can be found in 23 24 25 As these designs are touch free they can be used to interact with devices that cannot be sterilized but must be used in a sterile environment The Xbox One accomplishes the necessary system level requirements of the UMI mainly by enabling input and output of data while being intuitive and easy to use Design elements from the Xbox One and Kinect could be directly applied to the UMI this is especially true for the user interface s voice and motion commands In particular voice could allow physicians to utilize functions like turning on the device beginning a recording or capturing an image The Xbox One also relates to the UMI by how it represents data A screen portrays m
30. the 3D printed plastic will be bolted onto the aluminum Producing the case is feasible as the School of MIME has a 3D printer available and the aluminum case can be made using the CNC machine in the machine shop Team member Josh Hille has experience with the CNC machine so this is a reasonable option 4 1 1 4 Solution 1 Cost Analysis Table 5 includes both estimated and actual costs of items needed for this design alternative The estimated cost of the iPhone 4s design alternative is 51 038 17 This is about 7096 of the project budget which leaves 500 available for possible design changes or unexpected costs Table 5 iPhone 4s design alternative cost and purchase information Asterisks indicate estimated costs Sources 41 79 80 81 82 No Description Supplier E Estimated Delivery 1 Apple iPhone 4s 16 GB Black Amazon 285 00 3 5 business days 2 i Physician otoscope ophthalmoscope diagnostic 109 92 3 5 business days 3 3M Littmann Classic II Infant Stethoscope Amazon 91 44 3 5 business days 4 BL 21785 000 Knowles Microphone Digi Key 89 81 3 days 5 ThermoDock VitaDock 122 00 Information not available 6 3D printed case School of 300 004 2 weeks estimate MIME 33 Table 5 Continued No Description Supplier Cost Estimated Delivery U S 7 Machined aluminum case machined in MIME N A 40 004 N A machine shop Total Cost 1038 17 4 1 1
31. the attractive profile of the iPhone 4s and the use of aluminum in the case design Solution 3 does not have an aluminum 41 exterior However it is built around the iPod touch which also has the sleek appearance of an Apple device Solution 2 has a comparatively large otoscope attachment that stands out beside the Galaxy mini It must also use a micro USB to USB conversion cable for the two devices to be compatible Solution 2 is the least visually appealing of the three designs consumes the largest portion of the budget and received the lowest ranking in the house of quality evaluation Image Capture and Viewing The next set of requirements relate to the device s ability to capture and view images of the retina tympanic membrane and skin Performance in this area was influential in the scoring process due to the number of requirements and functions dependent on this aspect of the UMI Solution 2 received the highest ranking for CR 11 and ER 1 because it features a full otoscope attachment as a peripheral Native Camera All three solutions use the base device s native camera but Solution 1 has the best camera so it fulfills CR 6 and CR 12 the best Conversely Solution 3 scored the worst in all of these areas due to the reliance on an inferior internal camera Temperature Readings All of the solutions presented would be capable of displaying temperature readings with the necessary resolution They all performed the same i
32. this section and contains a list of all the parts and quantities needed to build and assemble the electronic stethoscope subsystem 49 Table 10 Electronic stethoscope subsystem bill of materials and attributes Part Name No Attributes Quantity 3M Littmann Classic infant stethoscope e 0 75 inch diameter 1 e 25 125 gain e 24 50 V input Electret microphone with breakout board 1 Stethoscope mount NA 1 LIR 2032 Li ion button cells SOY 1 e Rechargeable CR2032 Battery Holder NA 1 LIR 2032 Battery Charger NA 1 Female 3 5 mm jack NA 1 Right angle stereo audio cable NA 1 10 ohm resistor NA 1 22 ohm resistor NA 1 Ethernet wire NA 1 e High thread count for mounting to 2 56 screw 4 thin aluminum case 33 56 get screw e Nylon tip to minimize damage to 4 parts e Record sounds through an external GarageBand iPhone application microphone 1 e Email songs directly from application 5 4 Modified Ophthalmoscope Subsystem Description This subsystem is designed to collect visual data by fulfilling the function of an ophthalmoscope otoscope and dermatological camera The design seen in Figure 23 is based on a purchased ophthalmoscope which is modified to include a detachable speculum and a lens system that produces an image on the screen The speculum ophthalmoscope and additional lens will be mounted directly to the case subsystem Speculum Modified
33. was expected is discussed in this section Recommendations are given on how to improve these aspects of the UMI to fulfill the engineering requirements satisfactorily 7 2 1 Testing Procedure 7 Engineering requirement 1 which states that the UMI shall be able to capture images of the tympanic membrane was not satisfactorily completed Success was anticipated because the device was designed to include a high quality camera a clinical quality ophthalmoscope head and a speculum used in clinical otoscopes The primary reason for this failure is the very limited size of image generated on the screen when the speculum is attached To produce an image the iPhone camera must be aligned properly with the ophthalmoscope the external case and the speculum attached to it When the components are aligned the quality of the image is still too small and not clear enough To solve the size issue the image needs to be Zoomed in on to be large enough to interpret The clarity of the image would be improved by using software that allows the user to independently adjust the camera s exposure and focus The lack of precise control over the light intensity is another factor contributing to the poor image quality When tested the UMI included a potentiometer knob to control the light brightness However the potentiometer did not create a light level gradient that was gradual enough to control accurately After a period of use the potentiometer began to malfunctio
34. 11 12 iPhone 4s The iPhone 4s is capable of storing and 5 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 transmitting data as well as accepting the input 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 data streams from the chosen peripherals 27 28 29 30 31 18 3 BACKGROUND RESEARCH EXISTING DESIGNS Chapter 3 addresses the methods used in conducting the background research for this project the functional decomposition of the unified medical instrument and relevant research findings at both the system and subsystem levels 3 1 Research Methods Research methods employed included consultation of websites for medical device manufacturers novel accessories for mobile devices and relevant standalone products These sources provided a more thorough understanding of the project s hardware needs and methods for incorporating them into the system Interviews with the project mentor Tylee Cairns also proved helpful Because Cairns was involved in an earlier version of this project he had insight into concepts that were either well suited or problematic for this product design With the assistance of OSU Engineering Reference Librarian Margaret Mellinger the team also located scholarly publications and patents that were relevant to this project 3 2 Functional Decomposition The background research for this project was based on the results of the functional decomposition for the UMI At the system level the unified medical instrument must fulfill functions in four syste
35. 3 5 X 3 75 box Use the VitaDock application to take a measurement while holding the sensing end 2 ie of the ThermoDock two inches from the forehead for approximately five seconds Check the stock iPhone 4s data management software minimum storage space The 3 5 data management software be accessed through the following folders on the iPhone 4s Settings General About 4 4 Check the project account balance at the MIME business office Check the iPhone 4s specification sheet for the diagonal screen size and pixels per 3 18 29 inch The specification sheet will be provided by Team 105 6 7 Check that the UMI screen will display a picture Provide a data quality and aesthetics questionnaire to a user panel of at least 10 medical professionals consisting of family practice general practice or internal medicine physicians The guestionnaire s purpose is to determine if the data is recognizable if the data 7 1 2 10 17 fulfills the UMI measurement criteria with at least near clinical quality and if the 23 24 UMI is aesthetically pleasing The questionnaire is provided in Appendix B and lists each question along with the scoring scale 1 4 To pass the test each question should have a mean value of 2 0 or better For questions with a scoring scale of 1 or 2 passing the test will be defined as having at least 75 of questionnaires with a selected value of 1 16 Table 3 Continued
36. 31 October 2013 T F Tirrell and O I Franko Smartphone app use among medical providers in ACGME training programs Journal of Medical Systems vol 36 no 5 pp 3135 3139 2012 B M Dala Ali et al The uses of the iPhone for surgeons The Surgeon vol 9 no 1 pp 44 48 2010 P L Kubben Neurosurgical apps for iPhone iPod Touch iPad and Android Surgical Neurology International vol 89 no 1 2010 B Collins Apple iPhone 4S reviewed is it a worthy upgrade PC amp Tech Authority 6 January 2012 Online Available http www pcauthority com au Review 286049 apple iphone 4s 69 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 reviewed is it a worthy upgrade aspx Accessed 7 November 2013 Welch Allyn coaxial ophthalmoscope with C cell handle in hard case Medisave 2013 Online Available http www medisave co uk welch allyn 35v coaxial ophthalmoscope with ccell handle in ha p 100408 html Accessed 9 November 2013 MABIS disposable ear speculum Amazon 2013 Online Available http www amazon com Disposable Speculas Kirchner Standard Otoscope dp B001ECOJAU Accessed 9 November 2013 Physics Lenses Revision Systems Inc 26 March 2013 Online Available http revision systems co uk exam boards aqa physics lenses Accessed 1 December 2013 3M littmann classic II infant stethoscope black tube 28 inch 211
37. 32 machine screw 96710A258 McMaster Carr 7 15 6 32 machine screw 96710A264 McMaster Carr 8 59 6 32 machine screw 96710A270 McMaster Carr 9 42 18 94 _ Machined by team from Aluminum case 8975K417 McMaster Carr I aluminum using mill 100 00 3D printed from ABS plastic 3D printed case N A School of MIME 4 using MakerBot Otterbox case B008O5BH46 Amazon 19 99 Velcro strap B00805BH46 Amazon 12 50 4 49 Stethoscope BOOOF4OYE4 Amazon 84 46 Microphone 1063 Adafruit 6 95 3 82 17 85 Machined by team from Delrin Stethoscope mount 8662K91 McMaster Carr using end mill 36 00 3D printed from ABS plastic Diameter converter N A School of MIME 7 using MakerBot 3 5 mm female jack 090 317 Parts Express 2 29 3 29 Right angle male cable BOO4LUJGSW Amazon 7 49 13 23 Machined by team from delrin Microphone mount 8575K285 McMaster Carr iss li using mill This is a free software Garage Band N A Apple iTunes Store _ application for iOS devices Heat shrink B005W42SW2 Amazon 7 35 2 56 set screw 92158A311 McMaster Carr 12 20 2 56 screws 96710 153 McMaster Carr 5 76 Cable BOOITH7GVE Amazon 5 49 22 ohm resistor 271 1103 Radioshack 1 49 6 99 10 ohm resistor B0002ZP3A0 Amazon 0 64 5 01 Battery charger 14439 Megabatteries com 19 99 5 00 Battery holder 270 009 Radioshack 1 49 6 99 Battery 14673 onlybatteries com 17 99 7 95 Ophthalmoscope B002MBHROQ Amazon 222 00 Lens 87 911 Edmunds Optics 32 50 8 99 2 56 set screw 90291A074 McMaster Car
38. 4 Amazon 2013 Online Available http www amazon com 3M Littmann Classic Stethoscope 2114 dp B000F4O Y EA Accessed 31 October 2013 Wireless thermometer body temperature continuous monitor Amazon 2013 Online Available http www amazon com Wireless Thermometer Temperature Continuous Pressure dp BOOASC7L48 ref sr_1_1 ie UTF8 amp qid 1384053704 amp sr 8 1 amp keywords bluetooth thermometer body Accessed 9 November 2013 Apple iPhone 4S 16GB Black Verizon Amazon 2013 Online Available http www amazon com Apple iPhone 4S 16GB Black dp B0074R 1 PI8 ref sr_1_6 ie UTF8 amp qid 1383282479 amp sr 8 6 amp keywords used iphone 4s Accessed 31 October 2013 Pro physician otoscope ophthalmoscope diagnostic set Amazon 2013 Online Available http www amazon com Physician Otoscope Ophthalmoscope Diagnostic Protective dp BO01FNWOZK ref sr_1_1 ie UTF8 amp qid 1384149467 amp sr 8 1 amp keywords Pro Physician Otoscope 2FOphthalmoscope Diagnostic Set Accessed 10 November 2013 D Havlik et al Apple 4s review Imaging Resource 09 May 2012 Online Available http www imaging resource com PRODS IPHONE4S IPHONE4SA HTM Accessed 9 November 2013 ThermoDock Medisana 2013 Online Available http www vitadock com thermodock thermodock benefits html Accessed 31 October 2013 Apple iPhone 4s GSM Arena 2013 Online Available http www gsmarena com apple iphone 4s 4212 php Accessed 9 N
39. Android LTE 3 9 9 9 3 5 5 5 ola pam e Dana reve maang 10 capture pictures of the 20 9 3 9 3 1 3 9 4 5 3 Re Ul shal prove maana to capture pictures of the 20 9 9 3 3 1 3 9 4 4 2 sU ha reve maang o capture dermatologi 20 9 3 9 3 1 3 9 5 3 1 pe TE Tara pde means ass xm jle 9 1 5 4 me ut aha rode mea 1o listen io and record heart 20 9 9 9 3 3 1 3 9 9 5 5 4 PER er ue 9 IE s 5 5 to measure and record body 20 9 3 3 4 3 9 4 4 5 x ue 9 9 t 5 5 5 Tho Ul aha tana al through a standard format HE 9 3 1 9 5 5 5 The UM sha secur rad the piztorm deve EE 1 3 5 4 4 ede P SIS 9 S se op Kon See 4 4 3 pes el 5 D 3 9 9 ig 5 5 5 serons EE cs esperes eee 5 3 5 Tho Ui S aa ag contained device except the 7 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 9 5 5 5 Pawscorel 5 8 Fr al s s s 3 5 5 5 NMNG NANANA LAG TANA m MES NES sl EL ES 4 H 4H Al LHHLE 3 3 3 i 3 5 i 5 Relative Weight amp x Li amp t amp amp Li Li Li Li LI LI amp LI amp rank a t0 to sl sl a 7 7 5 s x2 tw s s mn np mn n 20 sel pee n x JEDE Design Alternatives Le z Evaluation for ERs be ci n WEE Scoring Tool Technical irt tugawane APAN he i ili 1 oesipnatunaivospeirtlcn Jen rane ji DE SE i i tidie EIER EE ml Target Values ex
40. E INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE DRAWING I5 THE SOLE PROPERTY OF TEAM 106 ANY REPRODUCTION IN PART OR AS WHOLE WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF TEAM 105 5 PROHIBITED 50 38 THRU NOTE 3D PRINTED PART DIMENSIONS FOR REFERENCE ONLY e BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES wapak Button Mount ABS PLASTIC Y rie Tu DO NOI SCALE DRAWING Tom EET N Figure E 2 Button mount final engineering drawing APPENDIX F Survey Testing Results Table F 1 displays the results of surveys completed by medical clinicians during UMI testing Table F 1 Results of medical clinician surveys Survey Score 12345678 910 Average Result Test Type Question neraed 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 Gm 222221114 2 gt o Ira 3 2112112121111 lt 1 2 1 4 FAIL Retina 4 11312131124 2 gt 2 2 PASS Retina 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 PASS Skin 6 31 3 3 4 a4al l4 2 4 a4a 3 22 3 4 PASS Skin 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 PASS Heart 8 313 3 12 4 4 13 4 4 4 22 3 4 PASS Heart 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 PASS Lungs 10 3 4131141413144 4 gt 2 3 4 PASS Lungs 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 PASS Temperature 12 4127214144424 4 22 3 3 PASS Temperature 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 PASS Aesthetics 86
41. MI 2 0 shall be more aesthetically a 2 pleasing than the UMI 1 0 3 T 25 15 The UMI display shall have a minimum of 1 164 ppi 2164 160 pixels per inch 3i A user shall be able to output data from the 26 3 9 13 3 Y N Y device after a maximum 10 minute training course 15 Table 2 Continued Associated Technical Target No D t Tol CR Ep In Difficulty Value 0 ance 3 2 0 27 1 The UMI shall weigh less than 2 5 pounds 3 0 5 Ibs 0 5 The UMI shall save sounds internally 45 28 5 within 10 seconds of inputting a save 3 5 sec command lt 5 The UMI shall provide means to record 10 29 5 sounds with a minimum frequency of 20 6 20 Hz Hz lt 20 The UMI shall provide means to record gt 5000 30 5 sounds with a maximum frequency of 5000 6 5000 Hz Hz 0 The UMI shall output data wirelessly within 10 31 13 15 seconds of sending data from one 1 5 sec measurement lt 5 2 4 Testing Procedures Testing procedures TPs stipulate how a final design will fulfill each engineering requirement Test results can be quantitative measured value or qualitative pass fail 4 The TPs for the UMI are listed in Table 3 along with the ERs they fulfill and a brief explanation if necessary Table 3 Testing procedure description and number corresponding fulfilled ER and explanation TP No Fulfilled ER Procedure 1 19 20 21 Place the UMI in a 7 5 X
42. N Te gt ENE B N IN IN Printed IA ASE p w N E p ESL c 4h ecmometer REAR VIEW SIDE VIEL Figure 13 Solution 3 iPod touch preliminary layout sketch Sketch by Chris Nesler Visual data collection Modified ophthalmoscope otoscope This subsystem will be applied in the same manner as it was in Solution 1 detailed in Section 4 1 1 1 Audio data collection Neonatal stethoscope with native iPod microphone Using a neonatal stethoscope instead of a standard stethoscope will reduce the subsystem s size The chestpiece of this stethoscope shown in Figure 14 will be attached to the 3D printed case 94 through which the sound vibrations will be routed to the iPod microphone Figure 14 Chestpiece of neonatal stethoscope which will be attached to 3D printed case Adapted from 79 39 Temperature data collection Bluetooth thermometer This design alternative will utilize the same Bluetooth thermometer described in Section 4 1 2 1 Ergonomic design 3D printed case This structure attaches the peripherals and encloses the base system The case will consist entirely of 3D printed plastic Within the case a channel will transmit the stethoscope sound input to the iPod microphone located on the rear face of the device Producing the case with 3D printing allows for freedom in selecting the part s geometry that may be impractical otherwise 4 1 3 2 Solutio
43. Rotary Potentiometer 10k Ohm Linear Sparkfun Online Available https www sparkfun com products 9939 Accessed 6 December 2013 J R Cameron et al Physics of the body Madison Medical Physics Publishing 1999 ProCamera Online Available http www procamera app com Accessed 4 December 2013 Welch Allyn 3 5V Diagnostic Otoscope MedSupplier com Online Available http www medsupplier com welch allyn 3 5v diagnostic otoscope head only aspx Accessed 9 March 2014 71 APPENDIX A Team Charter The team charter shown below is a brief summary of Team 105 s agreements regarding goals member roles and solutions to overcome disagreements Team Purpose The purpose of team 105 s formation is to create a unified medical instrument toolkit which is based off of last year s senior design project This project s stakeholders include Dr Bauer and Bauer Labs Dr Calvo Dr Funk and Tylee Cairns The team is expected to create a unified device that holds an off the shelf Apple or Android powered device as well as specified medial instruments Team Goals The team s primary goal is to produce a device that fulfills the requirements as listed on the project description or described by the customer We hope to improve upon the previous design team s project The team is collectively aiming for an A as a final course grade Each member expects to put forth the necessary effort and commitment to achieve these results
44. S LISTEN TO INTERNAL VISUALLY VISUALLY PLAYBACK AUDITORILY DERMATOLOGICAL PICTURES OF HEART REPRESENT REPRESENT PLAYBACK TYMPANIC PICTURES THE EYE SOUNDS PUNGSOUNDS BODY TYMPANIC IE SURFACE OF NENE HE LUNG SOUNDS MEMBRANE TEMPERATURE MEMBRANE EYE SKIN TEMPERATURE SOUNDS Y Y Y Y Y OUTPUT VISUAL ed ie OUTPUT VISUAL OUTPUT VISUAL OUTPUT VISUAL OPTYMPANIC REPRESENTATION OESURBACEOR REPRESENTATION REPRESENTATION REPRESENTATION MEMBRANE OFEYE SKIN OF TEMPERATURE OFHEART OF LUNGS SAVE DATA USABILITY i Y SAVE VISUAL SAVE AUDIO DATA DATA TEMPERATURE ERGONOMIC DATA DESIGN SAVE 1 PICTURES SAVE VIDEO CONTAINED MAINTAINS COMFORTABLE WITHIN A MEDICAL INTULIVE TO USE DEFINITE GRADE BOUNDARY QUALITY Figure 2 Diagram of the functional decomposition containing four UMI system level requirements 3 3 Relevant System Level Designs This section discusses six existing system level designs that support the unified medical instrument project by providing inspiration for implementing specific technologies or product characteristics Each selected design is chosen because it fulfills the three system level requirements provided in the functional decomposition Section 3 2 Devices are also selected based on their possible applicability to the medical field or the UMI specifically Many of the devices or systems described in Sections 3 3 1 3 3 6 are directly linked with the medical field even tho
45. Team Member Roles Responsibilities Team Member Lead Editor Team Manager Status Meeting Lead Josh Hille Editor 3 Josh Hille Meeting 1 Jay Stevenson Editor 2 Meeting 2 Chris Nesler Editor 1 Meeting 3 Ground Rules We are planning on meeting at least once a week Monday 12 00 2 00pm or Thursday 10 00am 12 00pm The team will agree to meet on time and fulfill the agreed upon roles as listed above Each member will have the opportunity and will be required to provide their thoughts and input in any team discussions We will openly discuss any dissenting views and come to an agreeable compromise We will openly discuss our dissatisfaction and dissapointment with the team member s actions We will develop an action plan to ensure the team member can get back on track On average every team member should provide an equal amount work Potential Barriers and Coping Strategies Other work and responsibilities will inevitably arise however each member will put forth their best effort to prioritize their work accordingly They will also be required to mention any forseeable conflicts Problems with team dynamics in the past difficulty with contacting a team member reliance on a team member failure to complete a task in a satisfactory manner lack of focus during team meetings Communicating any sense of dissatisfaction will be necessary before the problems become too great These communications could happen one on one or as a team to facilitate prop
46. The thermometer has an accuracy of 0 2 degrees Fahrenheit and a size of 2 8 x 1 5 x 0 28 inches while being able to transmit data up to five meters from the iPhone The product must be charged separately from the iPhone through a micro USB cable x Wireless Thermometer 7 8 Figure 11 Bluetooth thermometer image Adapted from 80 36 Ergonomic design 3D printed aluminum case This design alternative will include a 3D printed case surrounding an aluminum case that is holding the Galaxy S III mini Figure 9 The aluminum case will be easier to mount subsystems than the 3D printed case because it can be drilled and tapped 4 1 2 2 Solution 2 Subsystem Interactions The subsystems in this design alternative should not have any conflicts when interacting with the device The otoscope will attach to the micro USB port and the stethoscope will be plugged into the 3 5 mm port The ophthalmoscope and the Bluetooth thermometer connect to the device wirelessly The ophthalmoscope will be placed in front of the rear camera and the thermometer will connect via Bluetooth 4 1 2 3 Solution 2 Feasibility While this device is theoretically feasible the development of this device could present some challenges within the limits of this project Because this design alternative is based off a platform using an Android operating system many of the subsystems do not come with preprogrammed applications This presents a problem when t
47. Unified Medical Instrument Prototype Hardware Final Report Team members Joshua Hille Christopher Nesler Jay Stevenson 2013 14 IE ME 498 MIME Capstone Design Project Project number 105 Project sponsor Bauer Labs Sponsor mentor Tylee Cairns Course instructor Dr Javier Calvo Dr John Parmigiani MIME advisor Dr Javier Calvo Lead editor DISCLAIMER This report was prepared by students as part of a university course requirement While considerable effort has been put into the project it is not the work of licensed engineers and has not undergone the extensive verification that is common in the profession The information data conclusions and content of this report should not be relied on or utilized without thorough independent testing and verification University faculty members may have been associated with this project as advisors sponsors or course instructors but as such they are not responsible for the accuracy of results or conclusions EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Project Description This project was sponsored by Bauer Labs with the goal of developing a unified medical instrument UMI for use by physicians nurses and other healthcare providers conducting routine patient checkups The end purpose is to reduce the number of medical peripherals required to do a standard checkup which will allow healthcare providers to be more mobile especially in areas of poverty The UMI that was developed gives healthcare pr
48. Unsatisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Nearly satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for me to present to a specialist for consultation Bopp Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today I was able to capture body temperature 1 Yes 2 No Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today the quality of the body temperature captured by the UMI would be Unsatisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Nearly satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for me to present to a specialist for consultation Bp pup Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today this UMI l is more aesthetically pleasing than the previous design 2 isless aesthetically pleasing than the previous design 74 Engineering Drawings APPENDIX C This appendix includes drawings for parts that were manufactured from raw materials using a lath or mill INN ZE 9 NAIHI LUO XS NYHL INN 9S C NAHL Z0 O XOL Prom JION V IV ve ta HOLOPOORB pu NG Pe DKD HOUVBOS Pa EURO ONY LET ER OR Figure C 1 Aluminum case engineering drawing 75 p an
49. ability The UMI provides the capability for a healthcare provider to view and capture pictures of the patient s retina tympanic membrane with limited quality and skin The healthcare provider can also use the UMI to listen to a patient s heart and lungs sounds with superior quality than a traditional stethoscope The UMI also has the capability to capture and record the patient s temperature Finally the UMI allows the healthcare provider to output recorded data via email which can then be included in a patient s electronic medical record Recommended Next Steps The UMI is currently able to accomplish the majority of the desired requirements but design changes are necessary to have a fully functioning device The most prominent modifications recommended by the project team are as follows e Integration of a lens system The inclusion of a compact lens setup between the ophthalmoscope and the platform s camera would enhance the quality of the visual data collected e Addition of an accessible charging port The present design requires removal of the device cover to access the batteries used to power the ophthalmoscope light and stethoscope microphone An external port for recharging this power supply would improve the system s convenience li ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank all those who have contributed to this project Mr Tylee Cairns for his guidance throughout the year and focused input when developing the requirements for this
50. ages captured by the ophthalmoscope otoscope and dermatological camera are recorded correctly saving audio data will store 27 data recorded by the stethoscope saving temperature data will store data recorded by the thermometer 3 4 7 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Backup Tape Cartridge Backup tape cartridges are used for high capacity storage that doesn t need to be accessed frequently 64 Backup tapes store information through magnetic encoding which is achieved by exposing the length of a tape to different levels of magnetism These tapes can store up to 2 5 terabytes on a single cassette and are relatively inexpensive when storing large amounts of data A similar system could be implemented for the unified medical instrument to store patient records A backup tape would allow physicians to remove data from the UMI platform and store it in a safe location This would help ensure patient confidentiality and reduce the likelihood of information being lost 3 4 7 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Solid State Drive Solid state drives SSDs are digital storage systems which incorporate no moving parts and require little power to store data 65 In essence these drives store information in cells that can have two states one or zero These states are used to store digital information in the language of a computer 66 An SSD could be a storage option for the UMI because it is durable requires little power from the platform and has
51. bed in this chapter by dividing the UMI into the following five subsystems in Sections 5 1 5 5 iPhone 4s Case Flectronic stethoscope Modified ophthalmoscope Thermometer Each component is described under its corresponding subheading along with any mathematical theory that was used to choose or design the component In addition a bill of materials is provided that includes all the components necessary to build the subsystem Figure 15 Full UMI 3D model 5 1 iPhone 4s Subsystem Description This subsystem is selected because it fulfills the following functions Collect visual data Collect audio data Save visual data Save audio data Save temperature data Provide visual representation of data Output data wirelessly Provide audio representation of data 43 This subsystem is a purchased iPhone 4s Table 8 which can collect data when utilizing the other subsystems described in Sections 5 3 5 5 The device has connectivity via both a wireless network and cellular network which will allow it to output collected data to a patient s electronic medical record The iPhone 4s runs an iOS operating system and utilizes applications that accompany other subsystems This is a benefit since devices running other operating systems would need applications written separately in order to utilize the selected subsystems The native ports on the device include a 30 pin dock and 3 5 mm headphone jack The 30 pin dock will be utilized by the
52. cessed 19 October 2013 Nikon Inc Coolpix P330 pocket sized performance Nikon Inc 2013 Online Available http www nikonusa com en Nikon Products Product Compact Digital Cameras 26414 COOLPIX P330 html Accessed 19 October 2013 E Ringaby and P E Forssen Efficient video rectification and stabilisation for cell phones International Journal of Computer Vision vol 96 no 3 pp 335 352 2012 SMART Technologies SMART Board 8851x2 interactive whiteboard system SMART Technologies 2013 Online Available http smarttech com us Solutions Education Solutions Products for education Interactive white boards and displays SMART Board interactive whiteboards 8851x for education Accessed 19 October 2013 S Hamlet et al Stethoscope acoustics and cervical auscultation of swallowing Dysphagia vol 9 pp 63 68 1994 J H Macrae and H Dillon Gain frequency response and maximum output requirements for hearing aids Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development vol 33 no 4 pp 363 376 1996 K Chung Challenges and recent developments in hearing aids Trends in Amplification vol 8 67 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 no 3 pp 83 124 2004 Y W Bai and C L Lu The embedded digital stethoscope uses the adaptive noise cancellation filter and the type I Chebyshev IIR bandpass filter t
53. chable keyboard The peripherals are directly wired to the device so that data is recorded automatically The TES is a functioning representation of the UMI but does not necessarily meet all of the customer requirements such as being hand held and costing less than 51 500 However it can be used as inspiration for the UMI The main difference between the UMI and TES is the size The main subsystems are still present and could be used in the design of the UMI 3 3 6 Existing Design 6 Nikes FuelBand The Nike FuelBand is an exercise recording device The FuelBand is a bracelet that is worn by the user when exercising it converts the user s movement into a metric called NikeFuel points The device connects wirelessly to smart phone devices via Bluetooth and gives real time feedback to the user 30 The purpose of this device is to motivate the user to meet personal goals The Nike FuelBand fulfills all of the system level requirements for the UMI because it collects and saves data from the user can upload data wirelessly can save data and is designed to be easy to use The FuelBand has the ability to output wirelessly via both the bracelet itself as well as through a smart phone The smart phone application has been specifically designed to output data in an intuitive manner and can visually show the user what data was gathered The FuelBand is able to collect data without requiring much input from the user Because the device can be worn on
54. cies 8 2 Recommended Next Steps Although the project was completed with most functions of the UMI working properly there are many opportunities to refine the UMI 2 0 to result in a higher quality product Below is a list of suggestions for further improvement e Integrate a lens system A lens system needs to be integrated to improve the retina and tympanic membrane images This is a large project in itself and could be considered an entire project for another senior design team To develop the proper lens system for this application thorough testing is needed as theoretical calculations are challenging This is because the type of lens contained within the iPhone 4s is not known and must be assumed to be applied to lens calculations More involvement and work with Andrew Queisser at HP is needed especially for testing various lens combinations e Include an accessible charging port Including a charging port will eliminate the need to remove the 3D printed case when recharging the batteries This could be achieved by implementing a simple DC charging port into the electronic schematics and case e Implement a microphone compatible with the iPhone 4s An external microphone built for the iPhone 4s would eliminate the recording problems associated with the UMI 2 0 There are many options available online that are built specifically as an external iPhone microphone Any of these microphones could be selected as long as its frequency range were kn
55. consistent communication the team scheduled twice weekly meetings to ensure everyone knew the current status of the project and were working on the correct tasks This helped the team stay on schedule and meet project deadlines Additionally weekly meetings with the project mentor Tylee Cairns were scheduled These meetings were used to ask Cairns questions regarding the project and to update him on its development The team also utilized text messaging email and phone calls to update each other on project progress Capture images of the skin The UMI is able to produce exceptional images of the skin The surveyed medical professionals scored this function at 3 4 4 0 where 4 0 is satisfactory to present to a specialist for consultation This function was ranked so highly due to the high quality iPhone 4s camera and ease of use to operate the camera application Listen to heart and lungs A medical professional can listen to accurate sound reproduction of both the heart and lungs by using the UMI The surveyed medical professionals scored both of these functions as 3 4 4 0 where 4 0 is satisfactory to present to a specialist for consultation This function was ranked so highly due to the implementation of a high quality external microphone and headphones It is important to note that not all headphones work with the UMI 2 0 Only a pair of Bose QC2 headphones reproduced the sounds of the heart and lungs when plugged into the UMI Considering the headp
56. ctober 2013 Online Available http www zetta net blog tape backup 2013 Accessed 10 November 2013 P Schmid SSD 102 the ins and outs of solid state storage Tom s Hardware 11 September 2010 Online Available http www tomshardware com reviews flash ssd nand 2741 2 html Accessed 10 November 2013 How SSDs work Tech Radar 26 June 2011 Online Available http www techradar com us news computing components storage how ssds work 969473 Accessed 20 November 2013 J L Jacobi How it works hard drives PC World 13 September 2006 Online Available http www pcworld com article 18693 article html Accessed 10 November 2013 Zappos IP Inc Built NY Inc ergonomic hard case for iPhone 4S and iPhone 4 Online Available http www zappos com built ny inc ergonomic hard case for iphone 4s and iphone 4 Accessed 21 October 2013 3M Inc 3M ergonomic mouse 2013 Online Available http solutions 3m com wps portal 3M en_US ergonomics home products ergonomicmouse Accessed 21 October 2013 Arthritis Foundation Ease of use products 2013 Online Available http www arthritis org files images EOU 20product 20guideV2 pdf Accessed 21 October 2013 Z J Smith et al Cell phone based platform for biomedical device development and education applications 2 March 2011 Online Available http www plosone org article inf0903 Adoi1 2F 10 1371 2Fjournal pone 0017150 Accessed
57. d be used with a MEMS microphone can be found in Section 3 4 2 1 3 4 3 Subsystem 3 Collect Temperature Data This section describes three systems that collect temperature data including a system that estimates body temperature based on heart rate an infrared thermometer and a probe based temperature device These systems were chosen because the UMI is required to collect temperature measurements of the human body 3 4 3 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Temperature Estimation via Heart Rate This is a system that relies on a sequence of heart rate measurements and a filter to produce an approximation of a person s core temperature This is not to be used in replacement for directly measuring core temperature but lab and field studies show it to be a good approximation 43 Since there are software programs capable of using a cell phone s camera to record pulse 44 this system could be used in cooperation with that technology to provide a non invasive reading of a person s core temperature This could be a potentially useful system combination for the unified medical instrument as it would help minimize the number of additional hardware components required 3 4 3 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Infrared Thermometer Infrared thermometers are non contact temperature measurement devices Some infrared thermometers are standalone devices 45 while other variations are accessories for mobile devices 46 Benefits of an infrared syst
58. de means to measure body temperature Using the Bluetooth thermometer the UMI will be able to capture and store body temperature This device is cleared by the FDA and has an accuracy of 0 1 Fahrenheit which will allow the data to be considered near clinical quality To do this an application will need to be written in order for the Bluetooth thermometer to function with the Galaxy S II mini CR 3 ERs 11 12 13 14 15 16 26 The UMI shall be easy to use In order for this system to be considered easy to use applications will need to be written for specific functions These applications should be feasible with the help of a programmer Solution 3 iPod touch Platform The third design alternative uses the fourth generation iPod touch Figure 12 as its base platform This version of the iPod touch has a 3 5 inch capacitive touch screen display with a 640 x 960 resolution 92 a 0 7 megapixel backward facing camera and a 0 3 megapixel forward facing camera The device runs on Apple s iOS with a single core processor Figure 12 Fourth generation iPod touch front back and side views Source 93 38 4 1 3 1 Solution 3 Subsystem Descriptions This section describes the peripherals that will be attached to the iPod touch platform Figure 13 shows a hand sketch of the proposed device with the attachments closcop de cfScopt P 3 0 Fosto pe ophthalmoscope Ta d atachmen
59. e 5mm diameter Lens mount e 2017 aluminum 1 Welch Allyn speculum e 0 65 inch diameter 1 2 56 torx screws N A 4 2 56 set screw 2 damage to part e Separate focus and exposure ProCamera 7 application control e Anti shake 54 5 5 Thermometer Subsystem Description The ThermoDock is selected for this subsystem because it fulfills the function of a thermometer with the required measurement resolution to fulfill ER 3 The ThermoDock has an accompanying application called VitaDock that fulfills ER 8 In addition this subsystem attaches through the 30 pin connector on the iPhone so it is securely attached and adds approximately one inch to the overall length of the UMI Table 12 contains a list of the parts and quantities needed to build and assemble the thermometer subsystem Table 12 Thermometer subsystem bill of materials and attributes Part Name No Attributes Quantity ThermoDock e F measurement resolution 1 e 30 pin connector Displays temperature data 1 Saves temperature data 55 6 DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION This chapter provides a complete implementation plan for the design described in Chapter 5 A work breakdown structure Gantt chart comprehensive bill of materials and design changes during implementation are included in Section 6 1 6 2 6 3 and 6 4 respectively Each section discusses the intent and use of the specific planning tool int
60. e case itself was manufactured using a 3D printer and has a rough surface this means the device may not be ideal as a medical instrument as it has the potential to capture germs in the surface crevices e Unclear view from the modified ophthalmoscope otoscope While the modified ophthalmoscope otoscope is positioned over the camera the view is not clear when viewing images on the screen of the iPod The images are blurry and small with the size of the picture filling a small percentage of the screen This is primarily due to an incorrect focal length based on the mounting of the ophthalmoscope otoscope e Awkward handling Because the original UMI is a combination of multiple modified devices the handling of the device is awkward This results in a device that is not ergonomic The location of the stethoscope and external batteries does not allow for fingers to wrap around the device in a normal position Because of this design the user has a difficult time being able to grip the device and listen through headphones at the same time 10 2 PROJECT REQUIREMENTS The purpose of this chapter is to document the project requirements and describe the approaches taken to ensure those requirements are satisfied This chapter includes a completed signed version of the project s house of quality and a discussion of the customer and engineering requirements testing procedures and design links 2 1 House of Quality The house of quality HoQ is a desi
61. e in the proper location 47 Figure 20 Stethoscope mount 3D model Power Supply A 3 6 V rechargeable Li ion button cell battery provides power to the microphone s amplification circuit as well as the ophthalmoscope s light It is mounted to the aluminum case with a purchased battery holder and two screws The battery was chosen because it is compact rechargeable and delivers a sufficient voltage for both components The voltage of the battery is acceptable for the amplification circuit and a voltage divider seen in Figure 21 is used to lower the voltage to the ideal level for the ophthalmoscope light Figure 21 Schematic of a voltage divider Source 97 The designed voltage divider consists of two resistors whose values were chosen based on Equation 1 This equation is derived from Ohm s Law which states the voltage across a component equals the product of the component s resistance and the current through it 48 R FR The desired values for Vi and Vou are known values from datasheets By choosing a value for one of resistors the necessary resistance of the other can be solved for The battery provides a Vi value of 3 6 V and the desired Vou value is 3 0 V for the ophthalmoscope light A value of 10 ohms is selected for the first resistor which results in a calculated required resistance of 22 ohms for the second resistor Vout V 1 Audio Electronics The sound captured by t
62. ed on the iPhone s internal memory The ophthalmoscope will be modified by removing the batteries stored in the handle attaching a secondary lens and connecting a speculum used with an otoscope to the patient side of the device The most critical design for this subsystem will be ensuring that the ophthalmoscope lens structure casts an image that fills the iPhone 4s image sensor completely This will be achieved by adjusting the distance from the image sensor to the ophthalmoscope as well as mounting an additional lens between the ophthalmoscope and iPhone lens Ophthalmoscope Speculum Figure 5 Modified ophthalmoscope otoscope subsystem image Adapted from 76 77 78 31 Audio data collection Neonatal stethoscope with MEMS microphone This subsystem combines a standard neonatal stethoscope and a MEMS microphone Section 3 4 2 3 connected to the iPhone through the 3 5 mm headphone jack Figure 6 The MEMS microphone will be inserted in the stethoscope tubing to ensure minimal noise is introduced into the system A neonatal stethoscope was specifically identified as it is identical to a normal stethoscope except it has a smaller chestpiece The size of the chestpiece may reduce some amplification of the heart and lung sounds but this will be regained through an internal amplifier on the MEMS microphone To headphone jack MEMS microphone Stethoscope Figure 6 Neonatal stethoscope with MEMS microphone subsystem
63. een in Figure 29 attaches directly to the 3D printed case with a press fit It is designed to be attached to the case when using the UMI to look at the tympanic membrane and removed when using other UMI functions It should be disposed of after every use to maintain sterilization 53 Figure 29 Speculum image Hardware Identical 2 56 screws as described in Section 5 3 will be used to mount the ophthalmoscope subsystem components to the aluminum case iPhone 4s Camera Application To allow for maximized functionality through the software interface an advanced iPhone 4s camera application called ProCamera 7 will be purchased ProCamera 7 allows for separating focus and exposure so each can be optimized 102 This will ensure physicians have the maximum control over the camera to capture images that are near clinical quality Subsystem Bill of Materials Table 11 is a summation of this section and contains a list of all the parts and quantities needed to build and assemble the modified ophthalmoscope subsystem Table 11 Modified ophthalmoscope subsystem bill of materials and attributes Part Name No Attributes Quantity e 48 focusing lens Welch Allyn PocketScope Ophthalmoscope combinations 1 e Compact e 2 5 V power source e Rotary design e Linear variable resistance 10k ohm potentiometer Ophthalmoscope mount e 6061 aluminum 1 e Plano convex lens 25 mm focal length lens e Uncoated 1
64. em include the collection of non contact temperature measurements and the technology s increasing accuracy as a medical tool 47 The most advanced and precise infrared thermography systems may prove to be too large or overly expensive however there are consumer level infrared thermometers that are still accurate to within 1 Fahrenheit 48 As a part of the unified medical instrument an infrared thermometer could successfully fulfill the role of a temperature data collection subsystem 3 4 3 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Thermapen The Thermapen is a compact system that provides precise temperature readings while requiring only a short time period for data collection The system uses a probe based data collection method relying on a thermocouple to process the temperature information Additionally the Thermapen is lightweight resistant to water damage and can record a wide range of temperatures 49 In the context of the unified medical instrument features such as accuracy speed and water resistance would make the system more successful at fulfilling its purpose 25 3 4 4 Subsystem 4 Provide Visual Representation of Data This section describes three devices that provide visual representation of data including a transparent touch screen an equalizer display and an electrocardiographic machine These devices are applicable because the UMI must include a touch screen display that is intuitive 3 4 4 1 Existing Subsystem Leve
65. er a maximum 10 minut tahing 5 shal bo abl To eta toto sounds of x human heart aher a maximum 10 minut tahing KANG 3 N course N sr shal bo al To eta lo ia sounds ofal N human s unga atier a maximum 10 minute rani nfa 5 x A user aha ba ble output rom he dea after maximum O minute training course X gt Tl a S z rr 7 IE EIER se ie BS Es lz l e g jis POS ira ib Ern 3 hbhnis s n 2 sii ds ple P P ge lee te e 13 uiuis Gai diu Eales Ei li M NG HH s E oos 58 58 dB z VEER FF 3 z iui di a i Pye ve le lg BAH EE NG 31 3 3 3 38 3 Be les fa i 3 3202 ENE OE 3 i5 5 s i P i i ziit ib ipii ir o il ir be iilis ii ii Pid unii Bigas 3 HE 3 2 3i 82128138 3i 10 Bil oii 32 22 dii as EE iiir HIE ili EIE IE AA EE 33 Hiis i 3 3 35 IE 53 59252055 38 38 38 38 32 38 32531138 a8 legeleasles Customer wagra S 2 25 25 22 28 28 25 NARE BOETE IE IE HIE 23 peel 2s H 252 258 55 Bagbag rm I cas IE Jr JJ sale um E The UMI shall be hand held 20 sl 9 1 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 3 3 4 5 5 5 paa 2 n 9 ss 3 3 3 3 5 3 4 The UMI shall be easy to use 25 1 1 3 3 3 9 3 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 3 1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 4 5 4 ma a aaa a sal around an IOS or
66. er communication in which each team member can express their views openly 72 APPENDIX B Physician Questionnaire This survey is used for testing purposes in order to determine the functionality and quality of the device Clinician Survey Based on your interaction with the unified medical instrument UMI please answer the following questions Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today I was able to capture pictures of the tympanic membrane 1 Yes 2 No Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today the quality of the pictures of the tympanic membrane captured by the UMI would be Unsatisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Nearly satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for me to present to a specialist for consultation Bo NG Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today I was able to capture pictures of the retina 1 Yes 2 No Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today the quality of the pictures of the retina captured by the UMI would be Unsatisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Nearly satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfac
67. es its touch screen accessible for user interaction A Computer Science Capstone team will develop software for UMI 2 0 in cooperation with the MIME team The objectives for the MIME team are to 1 work with Bauer Labs the OSU sponsor and other subject matter experts to develop customer and engineering requirements for UMI 2 0 hardware 2 design a case attachment for the mobile device that integrates medical instrument sensors with the mobile device s native peripherals and ports to provide medical instrument functionality to deliver data of near clinical quality 3 build and test the device and 4 collaborate with the CS team developing the software UMI 2 0 will include at minimum a dermatological camera stethoscope otoscope and ophthalmoscope optics and light and a thermometer The case attachment that integrates the medical instrument sensors with the mobile device must be aesthetically pleasing to and easily operable by the user The mobile device s touch screen and controls must be accessible to the user Bauer Labs and the OSU sponsor will specify which mobile device 1OS or Android will be used and provide one to each Capstone team for development and testing purposes Since UMI 2 0 will rely on the mobile device s native camera flash microphone and ports it will not be necessary for the CS team to have the MIME team s hardware in hand initially and they will be able to use a bare mobile device through fall and most of winte
68. ested in testing procedure 14 e ER 10 Data must be near clinical quality This engineering requirement although objective is too broad to be applied to all data collected by the UMI It was not specified if all data needs to be clinical quality to pass this ER or if only more than 5090 of the data needs to be clinical quality To improve this the ER should be divided into multiple ERs that are applicable to each type of data e g sounds of heart images of the retina etc This would ensure that if one type of data was not clinical quality then others could still pass e Temperature data precision After purchasing and testing the ThermoDock the team realized that the ThermoDock s maximum resolution is an integer This data is not precise enough to ensure medical professionals can make accurate diagnoses This problem could have been avoided by testing the ThermoDock with the UMI 1 0 before building the UMI 2 0 e Record heart and lung sounds The UMI 2 0 cannot record heart and lung sounds because the iPhone 4s does not recognize when the external microphone is plugged in This could have been avoided by implementing a microphone that is built to work as an external microphone with the iPhone 4s e g in line microphone on headphones To allow this the microphone s maximum and minimum recordable frequency would need to be determined This could be done by using a frequency generator to see if the microphone could capture the required frequen
69. ew parts within a four day time window but due to the many changes during the build process multiple 3D prints were required The 3D printed parts were still completed within the projected timeline 57 ID Task Name DurationStart Finish Resource Names Dec 13 Jan 14 Feb 14 Mar 14 24 8 15 2 2 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 2 16 23 1 purchase Parts 14 days Tue 12 31 13 Fri 1 17 14 2 Buy iPhone subsystem parts 5 days Tue 12 31 13 Mon 1 6 14 12 31 mmm 1 6 3 Buy lens system parts 5 days 12 31 13 Mon 1 6 14 12 31 mm 1 6 4 Buy ophthalmoscope subsystem part5 days Tue 12 31 13 Mon 1 6 14 12 31 mmm 1 6 5 Buy battery system parts 5 days Tue 12 31 13 Mon 1 6 14 12 31 mmm 1 6 6 Buy microphone system parts 5 days Tue 12 31 13 Mon 1 6 14 12 31 mama 1 6 7 Buy stethoscope subsystem parts 5days Tue 12 31 13 Mon 1 6 14 12 31 mmm 1 6 8 Buy assembly case parts 14 days Tue 12 31 13 Fri 1 17 14 12 31 masa 1 17 9 Design 11 days Mon 1 6 14 Tue 1 21 14 r 10 Design ophthalmoscope mount 5 days Mon 1 6 14 Mon 1 13 14 1 6 1 13 11 Design stethoscope mount 5 days Mon 1 6 14 Mon 1 13 14 1 6 1 13 12 Design microphone mount 5 days Mon 1 6 14 Mon 1 13 14 1 6 1 13 13 Design alum
70. fast read write speeds In addition solid state drives can be small in size depending on the storage capacity which could help fulfill the size requirements of the UMI 3 4 7 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Hard Disk Drive Hard disk drives HDDs store data by magnetically encoding information on a spinning metal platter 67 HDDs are commonly used in computers and are therefore relatively inexpensive for the storage space they provide Conversely HDDs do having moving parts which makes them prone to damage from being dropped An HDD could be used to backup information that is captured by the UMI but may not be the most applicable to being incorporated into the system due to its ease of damage and relatively large size 3 4 8 Subsystem 8 Ergonomic Design This section describes three products that have an ergonomic design including an ergonomic iPhone case an ergonomic mouse and an Xbox One controller Ergonomics will be an important consideration in the design of the UMI and these devices can be used as design inspiration 3 4 8 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Ergonomic iPhone Case The Built NY Inc Ergonomic Hard Case for the iPhone is considered an ergonomic case because it features an hourglass shape 68 The hourglass shape lends itself to being ergonomic as it allows the user to have an easier grip on the device This style of case is more ergonomically friendly than a typical iPhone case since the user does not need to
71. gn tool used to delineate the connection between customer requirements and necessary design specifications to fulfill those customer requirements 2 It helps determine the applicability of design alternatives to a project definition and eventually to determine how a final design fulfills customer requirements The house of quality consists of five principal elements that will be used throughout the design process Customer requirements Customer requirements are based on the project description and input provided by the project sponsor Requirement weightings Requirement weightings indicate the relative importance of each customer requirement as viewed by the stakeholders Engineering requirements Engineering requirements translate the customer requirements to precise quantifiable descriptions that can be tested or proven 3 Testing procedures Testing procedures outline the necessary test to ensure a specific engineering requirement is achieved Design links Design links succinctly demonstrate how the selected design fulfills the engineering requirements This aids in the design process by helping determine if the final design accomplishes all necessary requirements The completed house of quality for the unified medical instrument Error Reference source not found consists of customer requirements weightings engineering requirements testing procedures and design links These elements will be discussed specifically in Sections 2 2 2
72. he capability to write on a projected image is a good example of a system collecting visual data This technology could be applied to the UMI by allowing a physician to take notes on the images the device captures and saving them for future reference 3 4 2 Subsystem 2 Collect Audio Data This section describes three systems that collect audio data including a hearing aid a digital stethoscope and a MEMS microphone The UMI will collect audio data by recording sounds of the heart and lungs 3 4 2 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Hearing Aid Hearing aids must achieve high fidelity audio collection in a small form factor which is the end goal of the unified medical instrument s heart and lung sound collection system The UMI must specifically collect heart and lung sounds that have a frequency range between 20 Hz and 5000 Hz 36 Air conduction hearing aids can exceed this range with measureable frequencies from 0 25 Hz to 8 KHz 37 This type of hearing aid is the most applicable to the UMI as it reproduces sounds from air waves similar to those produced by the heart and lungs Many modern hearing aids employ digital signal process algorithms used for eliminating background noises that disguise the sounds being collected 38 This same technique could be beneficial for heart and lung sounds as outside noises from computer fans voices or machinery may disrupt the physician s recording This signal processing could be built in to the pe
73. he high precision needed to correctly align the lens system the ability to place the lens at the appropriate distance within the device proved to be infeasible given the capabilities of the team Since the extra lens did not serve the intended purpose and did not add any other benefits to the device it was removed Without the extra lens included pictures of the retina and tympanic membrane were not able to fill the iPhone screen as expected 6 4 2 Removed Microphone Mount During assembly of the UMI it was discovered that there was not a need to have the microphone mounted to the UMI This is due to the strong connection between the microphone and stethoscope s tubing This method of connecting the microphone to the device only using the stethoscope s tubing did not hinder or lower the quality of sound captured by the microphone Due to the microphone not having any quality loss the microphone mount was removed as it became unnecessary 6 4 3 Upgrade in Battery Supply During the implementation phase Team 105 discovered that the selected battery coin cell did not provide the necessary power to the ophthalmoscope to produce a consistent light After approximately ten seconds of use the battery would lose the necessary amperage to power the light To remedy this issue two AA batteries were implemented instead of the coin cell The change in design allowed the ophthalmoscope and microphone to be powered for extended periods of time The device co
74. he microphone will be recorded by the iPhone 4s through a male 3 5 mm headphone jack The captured sounds can also be listened to real time by plugging in headphones to the added 3 5 mm headphone receptor This will be accomplished through the designed circuitry seen in Figure 22 The captured sound will be monaural so it will be split to provide a stereo output to the iPhone 4s and 3 5 mm headphone receptor iPhone 4s Split for stereo sound 3 5 mm Headphone Receptor I 4 AUDIO OUT I Microphone Potentiometer I VN POWERIN with EN 4 Amplifier LIGHT Figure 22 Schematic for power and sound system wiring Hardware Screws will be used to mount the stethoscope subsystem components to the aluminum case The screws have 56 threads per inch to ensure a good connection between mounted parts and the case The screws will have torx heads for the same reason described in Section 5 2 iPhone 4s Audio Application The audio data captured by the electret microphone will be recorded by the voice memos application for iPhone The voice memos application allows sounds to be saved and emailed from within the app In addition it automatically detects when an external recording device is connected and can use it for the source of audio data when recording The raw audio data will not be filtered because this functionality is not built into the application Subsystem Bill of Materials Table 10 is a summation of
75. he ophthalmoscope The otoscope attachment contains a magnification lens in order to examine the tympanic membrane The modified ophthalmoscope otoscope has been placed over the camera lens of the iPod This placement allows the user to record what is being viewed through the attachment Because an ophthalmoscope requires a light a battery had to be installed and wired to the modified ophthalmoscope to power the light The second attachment to this case is a modified stethoscope The original stethoscope was modified by removing the tubing from the chestpiece A small microphone was inserted into the tubing and wired into a 3 5 mm jack connected to the iPod This connection allows the iPod to record sounds from the chestpiece Due to the low frequencies that are picked up from the modified stethoscope the native speakers are not sufficient for playback of the recording external headphones are required Due to the placement of the headphone jack on the iPod an input jack is incorporated into the side of the case Because the iPod only has one native 3 5 mm jack the external 3 5 mm jack and stethoscope are spliced together The case for the iPod also allows space to attach a device called a ThermoDock This purchased device attaches to the 30 pin dock on the iPod The ThermoDock allows a physician to take an accurate body temperature measurement without touching the patient 1 The device comes with a pre programmed application app specifically for
76. hiri et al Medical applications of infrared thermography a review Infrared Physics and Technology vol 55 no 4 pp 221 235 2012 Medisana AG ThermoDock technical details Medisana AG 2013 Online Available http www vitadock com thermodock thermodock technical details html Accessed 20 October 2013 ThermoWorks Inc Splash proof super fast Thermapen ThermoWorks Inc 2013 Online Available http www thermoworks com products thermapen Specifications Accessed 20 October 2013 Manufacturing Methods amp Technology MIRAGE Touch 2013 Online Available http www mmt io products touch interactive transparent touchscreen lcd showcase mirage see through product presentation Accessed 19 October 2013 S L Lin and C W Solomon A 7 point stero graphic equalizer display filter IC IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics vol 36 no 3 pp 349 353 1990 R L H Murphy Jr et al Visual lung sound characterization by time expanded wave form analysis The New England Journal of Medicine vol 296 pp 968 971 1977 B J Drew et al Practice standards for electrocardiographic monitoring in hospital settings Circulation vol 110 pp 2721 2746 2004 J W Grier eHeart an introduction to ECG EKG North Dakota State University 8 February 2008 Online Available http www ndsu edu pubweb grier eheart html Accessed 19 October 2013 Z Li Reverse radar with vehicle approaching ala
77. hones were not a part of the requirements for this project the function of listening to the heart and lungs is still considered a success The following list is an overview of aspects of the project that could have been improved Suggestions for improvement are also included Design process The design process was challenging for the team and resulted in multiple iterations due to problems with the original design To develop the design the team utilized SolidWorks The design process was challenging because each team member had differing levels of comfort while using SolidWorks Each team member was not able to participate equally with the design process due to this To improve upon this more paper based design should have been 63 incorporated If all the designs were first developed on paper the entire team could have had input on the design of each part Once the final design was on paper it could then be transferred to SolidWorks by one of the more experienced team members e 14 AI parts are securely attached to the UMI This testing procedure is difficult to quantify and is left up to the interpretation of the person inspecting the UMI Instead of this the testing procedure should have focused on concrete numbers One example could be defining a weight that should be able to hang from each peripheral without the peripheral detaching from the UMI This would allow for a more objective test and would better represent what is being t
78. ins a brief description of each of the subsystem s components and their implementation Modified Littmann Classic Infant Stethoscope The Littmann Classic Infant Stethoscope is used in this subsystem because it has a smaller chestpiece than a standard stethoscope while retaining functionality The stethoscope tube is cut two inches from the connection to the chestpiece as seen in Figure 14 This stethoscope is mounted to the rear face of the UMI by a machined plastic component described later in this section Electret Microphone The electret microphone seen in Figure 19 collects audio data transmitted through the stethoscope chestpiece A 3D printed part seen in Figure C 3 in Appendix C is used to bridge the difference in diameter of the microphone and the stethoscope tube The microphone is mounted to an off the shelf breakout board for signal amplification This component was chosen because it is compact and can capture sounds in a frequency range of 20 20 000 Hz The breakout board s amplification circuit is powered by a rechargeable 3 6 V battery UCC 2 4 5 5U Adjustable gain OUT GND UCC Figure 19 Electret microphone with breakout board Source 96 Stethoscope Mount The device shown in Figure 20 fastens the stethoscope chestpiece to the rear face of the UMI It is machined from delrin to the dimensions found in Figure C 4 in Appendix C A set screw in the side of the mount holds the modified stethoscop
79. inum case 3 days Mon 1 13 14 Thu 1 16 14 1 13 1 16 14 Design 3D plastic case 3days Thu 1 16 14 1 21 14 1 16 1 21 15 Build 17 days Mon 1 13 14 Tue2 4 14 EE a 16 Aquire tooling for aluminum case 5days Thu 1 16 14 Thu 1 23 14 1 16 1 23 17 Machine aluminum case 3 days Thu 1 23 14 Mon 1 27 14 1 23 1 27 18 Build 3D printed case 11 days Tue 1 21 14 Tue2 4 14 1 21 aaa 2 4 19 Build ophthalmoscope mount 5 days 1 13 14 Mon 1 20 14 1 13 1 20 20 Build stethoscope mount 5 days Mon 1 13 14 Mon 1 20 14 1 13 1 20 21 Build microphone mount 5 days Mon1 13 14 Mon 1 20 14 1 13 31 20 22 Assembly 13 days 1 20 14 Wed 2 5 14 23 Assemble ophthalmoscope 1day Mon 1 20 14 Tue 1 21 14 1 20 1 21 24 Assemble stethoscope 1day 1 20 14 1 21 14 1 20 H 25 Assemble battery 1day Tue 1 28 14 Tue 1 28 14 1 28 8 1 28 26 Assemble aluminum case 1day Wed1 29 14 Wed 1 29 14 1 29 27 Assemble completed device 1day 2 4 14 Wed 2 5 14 2 4 2 5 28 Testing Modifying 29 days Thu 2 6 14 Mon 3 17 14 29 Test and modify picture collection 29 days Thu 2 6 14 Mon 3 17 14 2 6 3 17 30 Test and modify stethoscope 29 days Thu 2 6 14 Mon 3 17 14 2 6 3 17 31 Test and modify thermometer 29 days Thu 2 6 14 Mon 3 17 14 2 6 3 17 32 Evaluation 1 O days 2 11 14 Tue2 11 14 e 2 11 33 Evaluation 2 Odays Mon 3 17 14 Mon 3 17 14 l 3 17 34 Final Report Odays Mon 3 17 14 Mon 3 17 14 o 3 17 Task EEN External Tasks Manual Task Finish only
80. ion therapy using Microsoft s Kinect sensor in IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops Barcelona 2011 L C Ebert et al You can t touch this Surgical Innovation vol 19 no 3 pp 301 307 2012 W Benedetti Avatar Kinect will be a very fancy chat room NBC News 5 January 2011 Online Available http www nbcnews com technology avatar kinect will be very fancy chat room 125728 Accessed 19 October 2013 Apple Inc Iphone 5s 2013 Online Available http www apple com iphone 5s specs Accessed 21 October 2013 MacRumors iPhone turning five years old with 250 Million Units Sold 150 billion in revenue 27 June 2012 Online Available http www macrumors com 2012 06 27 iphone turning five years old with 250 million units sold 150 billion in revenue Accessed 21 October 2013 GlobalMedia Group LLC Transportable exam station 2013 Online Available http www globalmed com public productsheets TES ProductSheet pdf Accessed 21 October 2013 Nike Inc Nike FuelBand 2013 Online Available http www nike com us en_us c nikeplus fuelband Accessed 21 October 2013 M Bryborn and O Sandstr m Electronic pen and method for recording of handwritten information Europe Patent EP1454225 B1 9 January 2013 Livescribe Inc Your words Your ideas Any time anywhere Livescribe Inc 2013 Online Available http www livescribe com en us smartpen wifi smartpen Ac
81. ization between units The iPhone has an intuitive interface and has stayed relatively simple since its creation in 2007 This allows users of the device to become comfortable with using new versions of the device relatively quickly The simplicity of this device is an important factor to consider when creating the unified medical instrument Since many different physicians will utilize the UMI a device that is simple but satisfies the 22 customer requirements will be crucial The 30 pin dock is a great example of standardization as external peripherals can be designed to fit this specific port 3 3 5 Existing Design 5 FirstExam Mobile Telemedicine Station The FirstExam Mobile Telemedicine Station TES is a mobile tool that combines the use of many medical devices in an enclosure The Telemedicine cart consists of a tablet PC microphone and many peripherals that can be utilized by physicians to gather data from a patient These peripherals and tablet PC are situated in a mobile case that is easily transported 29 Specific peripherals for this device include TotalExam camera Tongue depressor adaptor USB cable for otoscope OTOmetrics Otocam 300 TES power cord Dermhood Stethoscope The TES meets the system level requirements of the UMI by collecting data from the patient relaying data wirelessly storing that data and appearing to have excellent usability The user can interface with this device by using the removable tablet and deta
82. l Design 1 MIRAGE Transparent Screen The MIRAGE MultiTouch Transparent Display is a transparent touch screen 50 The anticipated application of this screen is for displaying an item in a store while being able to overlay digital information The unified medical instrument could employ this technology as a virtual reality screen where patient information could be displayed on the screen while still allowing the physician to see the patient The multi touch technology in the MIRAGE MultiTouch screen could also help improve the interaction between the physician and the UMI Gestures that have become commonplace including pinch to zoom and scroll using two fingers will be intuitive for physicians who are familiar with modern electronic devices A touch screen device will also allow for modifying the user interface through software updates 3 4 4 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Equalizer Display An equalizer display is used to visually represent audio frequencies through a graphical interface with similar characteristics to a histogram 51 This allows the user to clearly see which frequencies are represented in sound data as well as be able to distinguish rhythm This frequency and rhythm representation is useful for physicians when characterizing chest sounds 52 and could help a physician determine heart rate by being able to see the rhythm The unified medical instrument could use a visual software interface to portray recorded sounds
83. ller 28 DESIGN SOLUTIONS CONSIDERED eere 30 41 Solutions Considered reote ree tete Gees bte bee oen et diens tv esp bed 30 4 1 Solution 1 iPhone 4s Platform Laan asana 30 4 1 1 1 Solution 1 Subsystem Descriptions 30 4 1 1 2 Solution 1 Subsystem Interactions eese 33 4 1 1 3 Solution 1 Feasibility incite iie RS PERE bk UPANG ri D Dee NG 33 AANA Solution 1 Cost Analysis tertie re Eg ge Eg onere ttes 33 4 1 1 5 Solution 1 Customer and Engineering Requirement Satisfaction 34 4 1 2 Solution 2 Samsung Galaxy S mini Platform eee 34 4 1 2 1 Solution 2 Subsystem Descriptions 35 4 1 2 2 Solution 2 Subsystem Interactions 37 4 1 2 3 Solution 2 Feasibility i i i iei aec e e Eden cena 37 4 1 2 4 Solution 2 Cost 15 s n u wn rennen nennen nennen nene 37 4 1 2 5 Solution 2 Customer and Engineering Requirement Satisfaction 38 4 1 3 Solution 3 iPod touch Platform cece 38 4 1 3 1 Solution 3 Subsystem Descriptions 39 4 1 3 2 Solution 3 Subsystem Interactions eese 40 4 5 3 3 Solution 3 Feasibility iue derer rr rettet
84. m level categories data collection data output data saving and usability The system was then broken down into nine subsystems each falling into one of the system level categories as discussed below Data Collection Three of the subsystem categories relate to data collection The first states that the device must collect visual data This is a necessary task for the product to perform the tasks of an otoscope ophthalmoscope and dermatological camera The second subsystem collect audio data is required for the instrument to carry out the functions of a stethoscope and record physicians voice notes The third data collection subsystem criterion is to collect temperature data This fulfills the need for the system to act as a body temperature thermometer Data Output Since the data mentioned above is of no particular use if it cannot be accessed the next three subsystems cover the manner in which the system must output data The ability to provide visual representation of data is the fourth subsystem category Display of photographic images and numeric readouts of temperature measurements are vital tasks that this subsystem encompasses The fifth subsystem which fulfills the need to provide auditory playback of data ensures the system is capable of carrying out the tasks of a stethoscope and listening to voice notes The sixth subsystem and the final data output subsystem allows for the wireless transfer of data to a tablet device An imp
85. mages to be captured using the iPod s standard software e CR8 ER 3 The UMI shall provide means to measure body temperature The Bluetooth thermometer measures body temperature with a resolution of 0 1 Fahrenheit 88 e ERs 11 12 13 14 15 16 26 The UMI shall be easy to use Each of the subsystems is designed for use with an 1OS device An existing application for each peripheral s function has been developed These applications have interfaces that can be understood by first time users which would make it feasible to train a new user in under ten minutes 4 2 Solution Adopted To determine which of the solutions described in Section 4 1 best meets the needs of this project the merits and drawbacks of each design alternative were considered and weighed against the project s customer and engineering requirements A quantitative evaluation performed within the house of quality Error Reference source not found verified the degree to which each design solution satisfied the customer and engineering requirements Based on this analysis Solution 1 the iPhone 4s platform described in Section 4 1 1 was selected for implementation Aesthetics In Section 4 1 the ability of each solution to fulfill particular CRs and ERs was discussed This section compares the three solutions performance in these areas First CR 2 states that the UMI shall be aesthetically pleasing Solution 1 satisfied this criterion the most completely given
86. minum case The aluminum case seen in Figure 17 is designed to fit around the iPhone and OtterBox case The aluminum case will allow for the modified ophthalmoscope and electronic stethoscope subsystems to be attached to the iPhone The case is made of aluminum to allow for screws to be securely attached to it The aluminum case is designed to be long enough to envelope the thermometer subsystem described in Section 5 5 as well A set screw will be used to secure the iPhone to the aluminum case See Figure C 1 in Appendix C for the accompanying engineering drawing Figure 17 Aluminum case 3D printed case The 3D printed case is made of black ABS plastic and covers the back side of the UMI as seen in Figure 18 It attaches to the aluminum case using five screws The purpose of this case is to create a more aesthetically appealing device as well as a more ergonomic design The user can grip the device easily when the 3D printed case is attached by having all their fingers wrap around the device See Figure C 2 in Appendix C for the accompanying engineering drawing 45 Figure 18 Front and back view of 3D printed case The case also features attachment spots that allow a hand strap to be attached These attachment spots double as resting points for when the device is set down This ensures the device can be laid down on its back without disturbing any of the peripherals of the UMI such as the ophthalmoscope or stethoscope The attached stra
87. n 3 Subsystem Interactions The ThermoDock uses the 30 pin connector on the bottom of the iPod There is little risk of peripherals interfering with one another when integrated because no subsystems rely on the same input medium The modified ophthalmoscope otoscope is the only other peripheral that must occupy a specific space on the device This provides flexibility in locating the other components The ThermoDock does use an application that is included with the product purchase This could potentially complicate an attempt to develop a single application through which all peripherals may be controlled 4 1 3 3 Solution 3 Feasibility This design solution features lightweight compact elements The iPod touch is a smaller lighter device than the iPhone 4s 92 The neonatal stethoscope has a smaller chestpiece than a typical stethoscope minimizing the surface area occupied by the subsystem With sound from the stethoscope s chestpiece routed through the case to the iPod s native microphone there is no additional wiring required for the auditory peripheral Both the Bluetooth thermometer and stethoscope peripherals are sufficiently accurate for this application By routing the sound a significant distance from the stethoscope to the iPod microphone there is potential for signal contamination Noise stemming from the operator handling and manipulating the device during recording could reduce the quality of data The Bluetooth thermometer will be
88. n a computer screen 31 Some products of this nature are able to instantly transfer the recorded data to a computer using Wi Fi 32 In these cases the pen collects visual data on an external device instead of relying solely on internal memory The ability to take notes on paper that are stored in digital form could assist the unified medical instrument s user by increasing the ease of access of their notes 3 4 1 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Digital Camera Digital cameras are an example of a device that collects visual data There are digital cameras currently available that can capture high quality still images and full high definition video 33 The ability to record images in great detail is a trait that would be beneficial in fulfilling several of the unified medical instrument s design requirements Compact systems are preferred for this application because they allow more freedom in device configuration and a more aesthetically appealing final product Because of their size digital cameras in cell phones are able to be located efficiently 34 and have minimal impact on the device profile 3 4 1 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 SMART Board SMART Boards are a line of interactive whiteboards that have a variety of functions Among the available features 1s the option to project an image onto the board s surface and write on the image using digital ink The system can then store the notes made by the user for later use 35 T
89. n and was replaced with a button that limits the light 61 to a binary state To change the light control mechanism the device s circuitry was slightly modified The voltage divider and potentiometer were removed and the binary button was wired in lieu of the potentiometer as shown in Figure 31 The button was mounted to the UMI using a 3D printed part See Figure E 2 in Appendix E for this part s engineering drawing 3 5mm Headphone Receptor STEREO IN AUDIO OUT Amplifier Microphone Binary Button POWER M with Figure 31 Final version of UMI circuit In order to properly light the interior of the subject s ear a more gradual light control mechanism should be used in future versions of the UMI 7 2 2 Testing Procedure 11 Engineering requirements 29 and 30 state that the UMI shall provide means to record sounds with a minimum frequency of 20 Hz and a maximum frequency of 5000 Hz This was anticipated to be a successful feature because the microphone used in the stethoscope peripheral meets this frequency requirement and the iPhone is capable of utilizing external microphones The failure occurred due to the unforeseen specificity of conditions required for the iPhone to recognize an external microphone The stethoscope peripheral was modified to include a 3 5 mm jack with three conductors The iPhone requires this type of connector to recognize that a device transmits microphone information in addition to receiving stereo so
90. n be applied to Ohm s Law which will establish the maximum resistance of the potentiometer used in the standard Welch Allyn ophthalmoscope Figure 25 10k ohm potentiometer Source 100 51 Ophthalmoscope Mount The ophthalmoscope mount holds the modified ophthalmoscope securely in place with a set screw seen in Figure 26 The mount is made from 6061 aluminum to minimize weight and maximize rigidity to ensure the lens system is properly aligned See Figure C 5 in Appendix C for the accompanying engineering drawing Set screw Figure 26 Ophthalmoscope mount 3D model 25 mm Plano convex Lens The appropriate lens for this subsystem is determined through basic optics mathematics and ray tracing The general layout of this system is shown in Figure 27 where the three specified dimensions can be adjusted to bring the retina into focus To achieve this d and ds will be set values while di will be determined by the user as would be done with a standard ophthalmoscope Additional lens Ophthalmoscope Eye lens iPhone 4s sensor Retina iPhone 4s lens Figure 27 Modified ophthalmoscope lens system design 52 To produce a properly sized image for the iPhone screen the lens system is designed to convert the iPhone 4s focal length to a value closer to the focal length of the human eye This is because the ophthalmoscope and otoscope are designed to be used with the unaided human eye The focal length of the human
91. n their evaluation against CR 8 and ER 3 as a result It is worth noting that Solution 2 is the only device whose thermometer subsystem does not come with a preexisting software package compatible with the device platform While the hardware itself is compatible an Android application would need to be created for this design alternative Ease of Use Solution 1 and Solution 3 make use of existing applications and Apple s straightforward user interface The applications themselves may be easy to use but it would be necessary to instruct the user on navigation between the functions Solution 2 scored higher for CR 3 because it features a dedicated otoscope separate from the ophthalmoscope In terms of training the UMI operators this would add to the device s ease of use due to the familiarity of the otoscope s form This design would also eliminate the need to convert a part of the system to perform another function improving the ease of use Overall all three solutions are of similar operational complexity and would be expected to produce comparable training time results Therefore no given solution was preferred with respect to ER 11 12 13 14 15 16 and 26 Solution 1 received the highest ranking in the house of quality evaluation This result and a consensus among all team members led to Solution 1 iPhone 4s being chosen for implementation 42 5 SELECTED DESIGN DESCRIPTION The final selected design seen in Figure 15 is descri
92. ns for how the UMI 2 0 should be further developed into the next design iteration 8 1 Lessons Learned This section includes a thorough analysis of the aspects of the project that went well and those that did not For aspects of the project that could have gone better suggestions for how these areas could have been improved are developed The following list is an overview of aspects of the project that went well along with an explanation for each Scheduling The team consistently created internal schedules to ensure the project deadlines were met This worked exceptionally well and all deadlines were met throughout the term To achieve this the team had twice weekly meetings which helped keep each member on schedule File management The team developed a system for organizing project files e g report versions 3D models etc Before downloading a file from Google Drive a team member uses a Google Spreadsheet to record that they will be working on the file i e checkout the file After working on the file and uploading it to Google Drive the team member will check in the document on the spreadsheet to let the team know that it is available to work on Before uploading a document the version number is updated to keep track of file changes e g FileName 001 FileType FileName 002 FileType This file management system worked well and ensured that two team members were not working on a document at the same time Communication To achieve
93. o reduce the noise of the heart sound in International Workshop on Enterprise Networking and Computing in Healthcare Industry Busan 2005 J J Neumann Jr and K J Gabriel CMOS MEMS membrane for audio frequency acoustic actuation Sesnors and Actuators A Physical vol 95 no 2 3 pp 175 182 2002 Digi Key Corporation 2013 Online Available http www digikey com product detail en BL 21785 000 423 1003 ND 458514 Accessed 31 October 2013 J W Weigold et al MEMS condenser microphone for consumer applications in JEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Istanbul 2006 M J Buller et al Estimation of human core temperature from sequential heart rate observations Physiological Measurement vol 34 no 7 p 781 2013 L Mertz Ultrasound Fetal Monitoring Spectrometer There s an app for that biomedical smart phone apps are taking healthcare by storm Pulse vol 3 no 2 pp 16 21 2012 Fluke Corporation Fluke 62 MAX 62 MAX infrared thermometers Fluke Corporation 2013 Online Available http www fluke com fluke usen thermometers infrared thermometers fluke 62 max plus htm PID 74272 Accessed 20 October 2013 Medisana Medisana made for life ThermoDock infrared thermometer module Medisana 2013 Online Available http www medisana com en Health control Thermometer ThermoDock Infrared Thermometer Module html Accessed 20 October 2013 B B La
94. of the UMI not the functionality 2 5 Design Links Design links DLs connect each engineering requirement to one of the subsystems selected for the final UMI design detailed in Chapter 5 Presented in Table 4 are five design links along with a brief description of how the DLs fulfill the linked ERs The DL number is included beneath its corresponding ER in the house of quality seen in Section 2 1 Table 4 Design link linked ER and description No Linked ER DL Description Modified The modified ophthalmoscope will fulfill the 1 1 2 4 6 10 11 12 13 ophthalmoscope functions of an ophthalmoscope otoscope and 19 20 21 22 23 24 27 dermatological camera by capturing near clinical quality images Modified The stethoscope will capture sounds of the heart 2 4 10 15 16 19 20 21 stethoscope and lungs at near clinical quality and will output 22 24 27 28 29 30 those sounds to headphones as well as be recorded by the UMI 17 Table 4 Continued No Linked ER DL Description 3 4 10 14 19 20 21 ThermoDock The ThermoDock will record human body 3 temperature measurements with the necessary 22 24 27 resolution Case The case will be aesthetically pleasing and ergonomic by being built out of aluminum and 3D 5 oco du dd printed plastic The 3D printed plastic will have an hourglass shape to make the UMI easy to hold 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
95. olkit HT is a tablet computer based system currently in development by Bauer Labs LLC and OSU that will give physicians nurses and other healthcare providers access to a patient s Electronic Medical Record EMR and facilitate the patient provider encounter including interview physical examination diagnosis and treatment Key to the HT is the Unified Medical Instrument UMI patent pending an integrated set of physical examination instruments including stethoscope otoscope ophthalmoscope and thermometer to collect patient clinical data and pass it to the HT tablet for display interpretation and EMR update A functional prototype UMI 1 0 was developed by a MIME Capstone team in 2012 13 to demonstrate the UMI s basic functionality Although UMI 1 0 provided basic proof of concept a much more refined more usable more aesthetically pleasing UMI prototype is needed to demonstrate to potential customers and prospective sponsors so as to garner commercialization funding In 2013 14 a new MIME Capstone team will design and implement hardware for a second generation functional prototype UMI 2 0 It will be built around a small iOS or Android based mobile device tablet or smartphone and utilize that platform s native camera flash microphone and ports in conjunction with custom optics and other sensors to provide UMI functionality UMI 2 0 optics and sensors will be integrated into a case that securely holds the mobile device yet leav
96. ometer Amazon 79 99 2 weeks estimate Machined aluminum case machined in MIME N A N A 7 40 00 machine shop 3D printed case School of 2 weeks estimate 8 MIME 300 00 9 Micro USB to USB adapter Samsung 19 99 3 5 business days Total Cost 1 246 11 37 4 1 2 5 Solution 2 Customer and Engineering Requirement Satisfaction 41 3 CR 2 The UMI shall be aesthetically pleasing The Galaxy S III mini is considered an aesthetically pleasing device in most reviews 91 The Galaxy S II mini is comparable to the Galaxy S and utilizes a clean body shape and curved design CR 11 ER 1 The UMI shall provide means to view and capture pictures of the tympanic membrane Using the Firefly otoscope Solution 2 will be able to capture pictures of the tympanic membrane An application will need to be developed in order to view the captured images and video on the device This design will capture quality pictures as it is not using the native camera CRs 6 12 ERs 2 23 The UMI shall provide means to view and capture pictures of the retina and skin Using a modified ophthalmoscope this solution will satisfy the customer requirements of capturing pictures of the retina There will be issues when placing the ophthalmoscope in front of the camera If the ophthalmoscope is not placed at the right distance or centered directly over the camera the image will not display clearly on the screen CR 8 ER 3 The UMI shall provi
97. ortant feature of this system is its ability to wirelessly send the information collected via the aforementioned subsystems to another location Data Saving The next system level requirement is for the device to save data It must save visual and audio data that is captured using the subsystems which is the role of the seventh and eighth subsystems Usability The final top level requirement is usability The UMI should provide clear simple representations of data to maximize its utility to the user It must also be operated with a similarly minimal amount of manipulation The ninth subsystem requirement for the product to have an ergonomic design will incorporate these traits into the product design The full functional decomposition can be seen as a diagram in Figure 2 on the following page 19 UNIFIED MEDICAL INSRUMENT COLLECT OUTPUT DATA DATA l COLLECT COLLECT PROVIDE VISUAL Aa s PROVIDE AUDIO VISUAL DATA AUDIO DATA REPRESENTATION REPRESENTATION DATA EXTERNAL ORDATA DATABASE i Y Y T T i osi TAKE MEASURE AUDITORILY VISUALLY VISUALLY PICTURES OF TARE TAKE TEE NI
98. oscope This attachment will be a purchased device that attaches to the platform Figure 10 This otoscope has a 1 3 megapixel resolution and has the capability to magnify 150 times digitally and 50 times optically The device outputs video in 35 YUY2 and AVI formats This device will connect to the platform using a USB to micro USB adapter This device currently uses software for the PC An app would need to be created for this device to connect to the Galaxy mini Figure 10 Firefly DE300 handheld USB digital otoscope image Source 87 Modified ophthalmoscope This attachment will be similar to the modified ophthalmoscope otoscope described in Section 4 1 1 1 but will not have the otoscope attachment One of the benefits the Galaxy S mini provides is that the camera is centered horizontally on the device This is a benefit since the ophthalmoscope will need to be operated by each hand and the centered camera lends itself to being more ergonomically friendly The operator will also need to be able to adjust dials and switches on the modified ophthalmoscope Audio data collection Neonatal stethoscope with MEMS microphone This design alternative will utilize the same neonatal stethoscope with MEMS microphone as described in Section 4 1 1 1 Temperature data collection Bluetooth thermometer The Bluetooth thermometer Figure 11 measures body temperature and can send the data it records to an iPhone app via Bluetooth 88
99. ovember 2013 GSM Arena Samsung 18190 Galaxy S III mini pictures Online Available http www gsmarena com samsung 18190 galaxy s iii mini pictures 5033 php Accessed 2013 Amazon com Inc Firefly DE500 handheld USB digital video otoscope earscope auriscope Firefly Online Available http www amazon com Firefly DE500 Handheld Otoscope Auriscope dp B00597MPPC refzsr 1 1 ieZUTF8 amp qid 1383794289 amp sr 8 I amp keywords digital otoscope Accessed 2013 Raiing Medical Company User manual wireless thermometer 17 October 2012 Online Available http www raiing com files manual pdf Accessed 9 November 2013 Amazon com Inc Samsung GT 18190 Galaxy S3 Mini white factory unlocked samsung Online Available http www amazon com Samsung Galaxy III Mini Unlocked dp BOOA29WCAO ref sr_1_4 ie UTF8 amp qid 1383797314 amp sr 8 4 amp keywords galaxy s3 unlocked Samsung Inc Micro USB to USB adapter Samsung Online Available http www samsung com us mobile cell phones accessories ET R205UBEGSTA 70 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 CNET Samsung Galaxy S3 Mini review best entry level Android S1 can buy CNET com Online Available http reviews cnet com smartphones samsung galaxy s3 mini 4505 6452 7 35484855 html Accessed 2013 Apple iPod touch 4th generation vs Apple iPhone 4s Phone specs comparison phone Arena 2013
100. oviders the ability to take a patient s temperature listen to the patient s heart and lungs view the patient s eardrums and retinas and capture pictures of the skin In addition to the medical device requirements the UMI was required to be built around an iOS or Android platform to allow simple replacement of the main processor increase the usability of the device and ensure the device is hand held Concept Development To begin the project the design team developed a list of customer requirements analyzed applicable existing products and applied broad concepts from these products to develop three design concepts that could fulfill all the requirements The base platforms for these concepts were the iPhone 4s Galaxy S III mini and iPod touch Solution The design selected for implementation utilizes an iPhone 4s and the following peripherals to capture the required patient information e Modified ophthalmoscope otoscope This peripheral is a purchased Welch Allyn ophthalmoscope that is mounted directly to the iPhone s camera which allows pictures of the retina tympanic membrane and skin to be stored on the iPhone s internal memory e Neonatal stethoscope with microphone This subsystem combines a standard neonatal stethoscope and a microphone connected to the iPhone through the 3 5 mm headphone jack e ThermoDock thermometer The ThermoDock is an infrared temperature sensor that connects to the 30 pin dock on the iPhone Solution Cap
101. own based on a specification sheet or testing e Improve case ergonomics The UMI 2 0 case although more ergonomic than the UMI 1 0 could be improved The case has sharp corners where the user s hand wraps around the device which 64 makes it uncomfortable to hold These sharp corners should be rounded to make the device easier to hold Design a better mounting system for the iPhone 4s The iPhone 4s is currently held in place through static friction between the silicone and aluminum case Although this is useful for a prototype so the iPhone 4s can easily be removed it does not provide the necessary positional repeatability for a consumer ready UMI A case similar to that on the UMI 1 0 where the platform snaps into a form fitting plastic case will allow for better alignment of the iPhone 4s and camera peripherals ophthalmoscope lens system and speculum Combine all iPhone 4s applications into one The UMI 2 0 is difficult to use because each of the peripherals utilize a different application If all the applications were combined the UMI would be faster to use and easier to learn To do this an iOS programmer will need to develop an application Utilize a properly functioning potentiometer to adjust light intensity Team 105 was not able to properly integrate a potentiometer to adjust light intensity for the ophthalmoscope and otoscope To implement a functional potentiometer an electrical engineering student should be contacted
102. p allows the physician to easily grasp and maneuver the device with one hand leaving the other hand available to operate the device The 3D printed case has a removable battery cover that allows the user to change the external battery used for operating both the amplifier for the stethoscope microphone discussed in Section 5 3 and the light for the ophthalmoscope discussed in Section 5 4 Hardware Screws will be used to mount the 3D printed case subsystem component to the aluminum case The screws have 32 threads per inch to ensure a secure connection between the two parts The screws have torx heads to minimize the chance of the UMI being tampered with in the field Subsystem Bill of Materials Table 9 is a summation of this section and contains a list of the parts and quantities needed to build and assemble the case subsystem 46 Table 9 Case subsystem bill of materials and attributes Part Name No Attributes Quantity OtterBox case eene 1 e Cushions impact Aluminum case e Aluminum 1 e ABS plastic D printed a nies gane e Ergonomically shaped Velcro strap e 0 47 inches wide 1 2 56 machine screw N A 1 6 32 machine screw N A 5 5 3 Electronic Stethoscope Subsystem Description This subsystem is designed to fulfill the function of an electronic stethoscope The basis of this design is the chestpiece of a neonatal stethoscope and a microphone on a breakout board This section conta
103. pe to listen to human lung sounds PASS 17 7 Ten out of ten medical clinicians surveyed were able to listen PASS to heart and lung sounds 18 5 The iPhone screen measures 3 5 diagonally PASS 60 Table 14 Continued ER No Associated TP Description Result 19 1 The length of the UMI is less than 7 5 inches PASS 20 1 The width of the UMI is less than 3 5 inches PASS 21 1 The thickness of the UMI is less than 3 75 inches PASS 22 14 The UMI is a single physical unit PASS 23 7 The survey result is satisfactory for the capturing of retinal PASS images The survey result concludes that the UMI 2 0 is more il d aesthetically pleasing than the UMI 1 0 PASS 25 5 The iPhone screen has 326 pixels per inch PASS With less than 10 minutes of training a volunteer could 28 ie output data from the UMI PASS 27 13 The UMI weighs 1 07 pounds PASS 28 10 The UMI is able to save sounds to the device in less than 1 PASS second 29 The stethoscope peripheral is unable to save sounds to the FAIL device 30 11 The stethoscope peripheral is unable to save sounds to the FAIL device 31 12 The UMI is capable of outputting data in 13 seconds PASS 7 2 Post Testing Design Changes After testing was completed several facets of the project showed a need for improvement For each of the engineering requirements that were not met the cause of failure and the reason success
104. pected x oo lt e 1 Ther vate vse kaming cui sm lea 2 eum s opm pas jam jov S a mo to e v o e foe s ox om TT ARE o o o wo as 2 sooo Y mi 4 Y X Y Y Y Y Y Y generation _ it o Testing Procedure Design Link ISI Kenneth H Funk Sponsor s Representative 17 March 2014 v MU Carat 18 March 2014 2 2 Customer Requirements Customer requirements CRs are product characteristics defined by a customer they ensure all necessary functions are satisfied by the final product 2 and are weighted based on their relative importance to the customer CRs are also differentiated through metrics called Kano types which are broken into three groupings basic linear and delighter Basic requirements must be achieved while linear requirements increase customer satisfaction with a higher level of fulfillment and delighter requirements greatly impress the customer but are not directly required Customer requirements for the UMI are based on the provided project description Section 1 2 and input from Tylee Cairns and Dr Funk These requirements are listed in Table 1 along with an assigned weighting value Weighting values will help determine the success of a final design by acting as a scorecard These relative values were selec
105. presentation of Data 26 3 4 5 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Automotive Proximity Warning 26 3 4 5 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Digital Voice 27 3 4 5 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Crosswalk Alert Sound 27 iv 4 3 4 6 Subsystem 6 Output Data Wirelessly to an External Database 27 3 4 6 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Fitbtt 27 3 4 6 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Apple AirPlay 27 3 4 6 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Carbonite Data Backup 27 3 4 7 Subsystem 7 Save Audio Visual and Temperature Data 27 3 4 7 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Backup Tape Cartridge 28 3 4 72 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Solid State Drive 28 3 4 7 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Hard Disk Drive 28 3 4 8 Subsystem 8 Ergonomic Design ana au Ghana aaa nennen 28 3 4 8 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Ergonomic iPhone Case 28 3 4 8 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Ergonomic Mouse 28 3 4 8 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Xbox One Contro
106. r 8 60 Potentiometer B0002KRE20 Amazon 0 80 4 99 Lens mount 9002K431 McMaster Carr 18 12 15 88 E Machined by team from Ophthalmoscope mount 9008K461 McMaster Carr aluminum using mill Speculum B002KM2GOY Amazon 2 89 5 98 An iOS photography 2 99 application that can separate ProCamera 7 Application N A Apple iTunes Store focus and exposure ThermoDock BOO6ISUEEO Amazon 85 75 3 99 This is an iOS application that operates the ThermoDock s VitaDock Application N A Apple iTunes Store hardware 83 APPENDIX E Updated Engineering Drawings This appendix includes drawings for parts that have either changed or been created since the final design was completed in December 2013 SS AV TT s Q re 91 EE EE PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE DRAWING THE SOLE PROPERTY OF 105 ANY REPRODUCTION IN PAST OR AS A WHOLE WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF TEAM 105 5 PROHIBITED Figure E 1 3D printed case final engineering drawing 84 NOTE 3D PRINTED PART DIMENSIONS FOR REFERENCE ONLY e BREAK ALL SHARP EDGES DMENSONS ARE IN INCHES TOLERANCES ANGULAR MACHES TWO PLACE DEOMAL 20 01 ME THREE PLACE DECIMAL 0 005 3D PRINTED CASE ABS PLASTIC Y ut ety DwG NO 9 DO SCALE DRAWING SCALE amp wee FOE 2X 09 THRU ALL KAHA PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL TH
107. r term The teams will therefore be able to work somewhat independently but some collaboration and integration will be required This will be facilitated by a MIME Graduate Research Assistant who as an OSU senior led the 2012 13 MIME team that created UMI 1 0 Bauer Labs and OSU will provide subject matter experts and consultants healthcare human factors engineering industrial design to help guide the project A Hewlett Packard optical engineer has offered his expertise to help with the otoscope ophthalmoscope optics 1 3 Original System Description This section provides a description of the original UMI system The goal of this project is to create a new design rather than upgrade the original design However the team will utilize information gained from the examination of the previous design in order to create a device that is refined useable and aesthetically pleasing 1 3 1 Original System Structure The original system shown in Figure 1 consists of a case designed for an 8 GB fourth generation Apple iPod Touch The case is specifically designed to include certain attached peripherals The body of the UMI was created using a 3D printer Ophtha lmoscope otoscope Stethoscope Thermometer Figure 1 Original system Photo by Tylee Cairns The first attachment to this case is a modified ophthalmoscope otoscope This attachment is the head of an ophthalmoscope with an otoscope attachment that can hold the speculum in front of t
108. rPlay is a wireless streaming system that allows users to stream live information on an iOS device to a larger screen through a local intranet 61 62 Using a Wi Fi connection the AirPlay can stream music and video and interface with games being played on an Apple device 61 The AirPlay fulfills a functionality that could be beneficial to the UMI being able to display patient information on a larger screen could be valuable during physician patient interactions or when discussing patient information with other physicians 3 4 6 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Carbonite Data Backup Carbonite is an off site backup solution that provides users with a method for storing information on external servers 63 This ensures data is secure in any scenario including fire theft and accidental deletion In a medical setting data backup is essential as the information is often irreplaceable The Carbonite system is different than a local intranet backup solution because it allows data to be stored off site A similar method could be utilized for the unified medical instrument to ensure that recorded information is not lost Ideally the system would provide automatic back up as the Carbonite solution does 3 4 7 Subsystem 7 Save Audio Visual and Temperature Data This section describes three products that save visual and audio data including backup tape cartridges solid state drives and hard disk drives Saving visual data will ensure all im
109. ripheral device measuring the heart and lungs Or act as a post process in the main central processing unit CPU of the UMI 24 3 4 2 2 Existing Subsystem Level Design 2 Digital Stethoscope Digital stethoscopes act similarly to traditional stethoscopes except they convert analog sounds into digital data Digital stethoscopes capture bodily sounds and then output this information using a speaker The recorded digital information can be amplified and modified to remove external noise 39 As a stethoscope is the primary instrument for collecting heart and lung sounds the UMI will likely need to implement a similar device A digital signal will be necessary to record and store the sound information in the UMI an off the shelf digital stethoscope would fulfill the functionality size constraints and clinical quality requirements 3 4 2 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 MEMS Microphone A MEMS MicroElectrical Mechanical System microphone is a device used to capture wide frequency ranges from around 20 Hz to 10 kHz 40 41 This specific microphone design could be useful for recording heart and lung sounds because of its ease of integration with signal processers and low vulnerability in high acceleration situations 42 As the UMI may be a handheld device it could be prone to being dropped being able to withstand the high forces resulting from a drop will be imperative More discussion on the applicability of signal processing that coul
110. rm United States of America Patent US7609149 B2 27 October 2009 M Paine and M Henderson Devices to reduce the risk to young pedestrians from reversing motor vehicles Motor Accidents Authority of NSW New South Wales 2001 68 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 P h Lin Automatic alarm system for detecting obstacles behind a backing vehicle United States of America Patent 4278962 14 July 1981 Koninklijke Philips Voice Tracer digital recorder Philips 2013 Online Available http www philips co za c dictation voice tracer 15 m 50 ft zoom dvt5500 00 prd Accessed 19 October 2013 B L Bentzen and L S Tabor Access Washington DC US Access Board 1998 Fitbit Inc Push yourself further with Force 2013 Online Available http www fitbit com force Accessed 19 October 2013 Apple Inc AirPlay 2013 Online Available http www apple com airplay Accessed 19 October 2013 M Milian Apple AirPlay set for quick takeoff CNN 10 June 2011 Online Available http www cnn com 2011 TECH gaming gadgets 06 10 airplay index html Accessed 19 October 2013 M Muchmore Carbonite 5 0 PC Magazine Online Available http www pcmag com article2 0 2817 2370803 00 asp Accessed 19 October 2013 N Mueller Tape backup in 2013 what s working and what s not Zetta 21 O
111. roduced 6 1 Work Breakdown Structure This section describes the activities involved in the project completion and identifies the personnel associated with each activity The work breakdown structure seen in Table 13 lists the major project work elements their corresponding sub elements and the work packages that were used to complete the project For the UMI project the major work elements were purchase design build assemble and test and modify The personnel that were associated with each activity are also listed in Table 13 From the beginning of the project tasks were divided so that a specific person was responsible for that task All team members were responsible to help build and design every part if the person responsible called for assistance Once the assembly phase started the tasks were completed as a team which enabled good coherence between team members Table 13 Work breakdown structure 1 Unified Medical Instrument Responsible person 1 1 Purchase Parts Jay 1 2 Design 1 2 1 Design aluminum case All 1 2 2 Design 3D plastic case Josh 1 2 3 Design ophthalmoscope mount Josh 1 2 4 Design stethoscope mount Chris 1 2 5 Design microphone mount Josh 1 3 Build 1 3 1 Build aluminum case Josh 1 3 2 Build 3D printed case Outsourced 1 3 3 Build 3D printed ophthalmoscope mount Outsourced 1 3 4 Build stethoscope mount Chris 1 3 5 Build 3D printed headphone mount O
112. rying to integrate both the otoscope and the Bluetooth thermometer Both of these devices would need a software team to develop applications that could recognize these devices on the platform Since the otoscope will be an external device it will present challenges when trying to integrate it into the UMI The proposed design alternative will allow for the device to be attached to the side of the UMI The otoscope will be attached on a pivot so when it is not in use it will be positioned lengthwise next to the UMI 4 1 2 4 Solution 2 Cost Analysis The estimated cost of Solution 2 can be seen in Table 6 The estimated cost does not take into account all shipping costs since different methods of obtaining these devices can vary e g using an Amazon Prime account Table 6 Samsung Galaxy S III mini design alternative cost and purchase information Asterisks indicate estimated costs Sources 41 79 80 82 87 89 90 No Description Supplier Cost Estimated Delivery U S Samsung GT i8190 Galaxy S3 mini white factory Amazon 3 5 business days 1 235 95 unlocked Firefly DE500 Handheld USB Digital Video Amazon 3 5 business days 2 299 00 Otoscope Earscope Auriscope Pro Physician Otoscope Ophthalmoscope Amazon 3 days 3 109 92 Diagnostic Set 4 3M Littmann Classic II Infant Stethoscope Amazon 91 44 3 5 business days 5 BL 21785 000 Knowles Microphone Digi Key 89 81 3 5 business days 6 Bluetooth therm
113. sequent design changes Finally Chapter 8 provides a discussion of conclusions and recommendations for the future state of the project 1 1 Project Description and Context The goal of this project is to develop a Healthcare Toolkit HT that will aid physicians nurses and other healthcare providers This Healthcare Toolkit will incorporate many tools utilized by healthcare providers into one unified medical instrument UMI The UMI will give providers the ability to do the following Take a patient s temperature Listen to the patient s heart and lung sounds View the patient s eardrums and retinas Capture pictures of the patient s skin The physician will be able to record all of this data in the UMI which will then transmit the data to the patient s healthcare record This device will also allow a physician to view the medical record of the patient This project is sponsored by Bauer Labs with Tylee Cairns serving as the project mentor and Dr Ken Funk serving as the technical advisor Cairns participated on a previous MIME Capstone team which developed the first UMI This UMI provided a basic proof of concept but a more refined design will be developed in order to garner commercialized funding The current team will abide by the team charter that was developed and signed by each team member seen in Appendix A 1 2 Original Project Description from Sponsor Following is the original project description from the sponsor The Healthcare To
114. similar to an equalizer This would help improve upon the modern stethoscope design by providing useful information to the physician that is not normally available 3 4 4 3 Existing Subsystem Level Design 3 Electrocardiographic Machine An electrocardiographic machine s EKG most basic function is to collect and display simple heart rate information this information is then used by a physician to diagnosis various heart conditions 53 These machines work by using electrodes attached to the skin to measure electrical impulses produced by the heart 54 A screen displays the information collected from the electrodes which allows physicians to monitor a patient s heart rate The unified medical instrument s visual representation of patient heart beat data could be similar to the EKG machine s output However audio data would be used instead of electrical impulses from an electrode This data would provide physicians with a log of heart rate plotted against time and could help the physician identify heart conditions 3 4 5 Subsystem 5 Provide Audio Representation of Data This section describes three devices that provide audio representation of data including an automotive proximity alarm a digital voice recorder and a crosswalk alert sound These systems directly relate to the UMIs requirement to represent audio data to the user 3 4 5 1 Existing Subsystem Level Design 1 Automotive Proximity Warning This subsystem is a safety feature
115. st be presen The UMI hal save piures within 10 seconds al m Bur L Unear performance needs must be present taking a d 1g Galaxy en be better UM aha proe means to depar pictures on Delighter requirement not needed but present the platform s display N Apple iPod touch 4th generation D exceeds expectations The UMI shali provide means o display a numeric PN Nang cl temperate lt S The UMI shal transmit heart and lung sounds N through a system output N CRs vs ERs UM shal provide maana to measure boa temperatura with a resolution of 1 degree PN 9 Indicates very strong relation Fahri N m x RE Fe Un sane mens eene Fuel te Aa meta sran ponce mama cape M EE SS REDE UMI hal output data waessy viti 15 second a sending data from one measurement The UMI total design and build cost shall nel N exceed 1 500 t Y E T id 3 ui 2 E J F E M Al components ot the UMI shal be contained ina a singko physica unit captured data trom the UMI shal near clinical quality is A p s N user shal bo aka pure N Tympani membrane aha a maxmum 10 minua E Waring course N Auser anal b abl to take a picture ot a humanis retina after a maximum 10 minute training course s N A user shal be abi o take a picture ot a humanis skin after a maximum 10 minute training course a user hal be abl To measure The temperatura i a human att
116. ted based on the importance of each customer requirement to Tylee Cairns Dr Funk and Bauer Labs A weighting value is ranked as low technical effort LTE if the requirement can be fulfilled with minimal technical effort but is still required by the customer Table 1 Customer requirements and weightings Number Description Weight 1 The UMI shall be hand held 20 2 The UMI shall be aesthetically pleasing 22 3 The UMI shall be easy to use 25 4 The UMI shall be built around an iOS or Android mobile platform LTE 3 The UMI shall provide means to listen to and record heart and lung sounds 20 6 The UMI shall provide means to capture pictures of the retina 20 7 The UMI shall provide means to display pictures of the retina tympanic membrane and LTE skin 8 The UMI shall provide means to display body temperature measurements LTE 9 The UMI shall provide means to output sounds of the heart and lungs LTE 10 The UMI shall provide means to measure and record body temperature 20 11 The UMI shall provide means to capture pictures of the tympanic membrane 20 12 The UMI shall provide means to capture dermatological pictures 20 13 The UMI shall provide means to transmit data through a standard format LTE 14 The UMI shall securely hold the mobile platform device 10 15 The UMI shall be near clinical quality 15 16 The UMI display shall be easily accessible 16 17 The UMI shall stay within a
117. tems specifically the ophthalmoscope otoscope and stethoscope will require more training These devices involve specific techniques for use and will need to be described to the user in a simple way possibly through simple work instructions Solution 2 Samsung Galaxy mini Platform This solution will utilize a Samsung Galaxy S mini as its base platform for the UMI The Galaxy mini shown in Figure 8 uses an Android operating system This platform was chosen because it can accept a wide range of attachments by implementing the micro USB port 34 SAMSUNG Figure 8 Galaxy S mini image Source 86 The Galaxy S mini has a 4 0 inch 480 x 800 resolution super AMOLED screen The screen contains 233 pixels per inch and is a capacitive display The capacitive display only allows capacitive devices such as fingers to work the device The platform also features a 5 megapixel rear facing camera and a 0 3 megapixel front facing camera The rear camera can film in 720p HD at 30 frames per second 4 1 2 1 Solution 2 Subsystem Descriptions This section describes the peripherals that will be attached to the Galaxy S III mini platform Figure 9 shows a hand sketch of the proposed device with the attachments STETHOSWOPE GALAXY TIT MIENE Figure 9 Solution 2 Galaxy S III mini preliminary layout sketch Sketch by Jay Stevenson Visual data collection Firefly DE500 Handheld USB Digital Ot
118. testing procedure ER No Associated TP Description Result Seven out of ten medical clinicians surveyed were able to 1 7 FAIL capture pictures of the tympanic membrane 2 7 Ten out of ten medical clinicians surveyed were able to PASS capture pictures of the skin 3 2 The device s temperature reading has a 1 F resolution PASS 4 4 The total project expenditure is 51 220 08 PASS 5 3 The device has 10 6 GB of available memory PASS 6 9 The UMI saves pictures within one second of being taken PASS 7 6 The UMI screen is able to display pictures PASS 8 2 The screen shows a numeric display of temperature PASS 9 8 The UMI has a capacitive touch screen PASS Five out six of the data types captured were sufficiently near 10 7 me PASS clinical quality See Appendix F for survey results T 15 With less than 10 minutes of training a volunteer could use PASS the otoscope function 12 15 With less than 10 minutes of training a volunteer could use PASS the ophthalmoscope function 13 15 With less than 10 minutes of training a volunteer could use PASS the skin camera function 14 15 With less than 10 minutes of training a volunteer could use PASS the thermometer function 15 15 With less than 10 minutes of training a volunteer could use PASS the stethoscope to listen to human heart sounds With less than 10 minutes of training a volunteer could use d 19 the stethosco
119. th the associated CRs their technical difficulty metric and their target and tolerance values These values were chosen based on suggestions made by Tylee Cairns and Dr Funk as well as known platform and subsystem limitations established through background research Table 2 Engineering requirements associated CRs technical difficulty target value and tolerance ER Associated Description Technical Target Tolerance No CR Difficulty Value l 3 11 15 The UMI shall provide means to capture 8 Y N Y pictures of the tympanic membrane 2 3 12 15 The UMI shall provide means to capture 6 Y N Y pictures of the skin The UMI shall provide means to measure 40 4 3 3 8 15 body temperature with a resolution of 1 6 1 degrees Fahrenheit 1 0 i i 200 4 17 a ee a and build cost shall 5 1 300 not exceed 1 500 lt 1 300 P S6 5 15 The UMI shall have at least six gigabytes of 2 6GB available storage space E z mm 5 6 6 11 12 The UMI shall save pictures within 10 2 5 sec seconds of taking a picture 5 7 3 4 7 8 16 The UMI shall provide m to display 2 Y N Y pictures on the platform s display 8 3 4 8 16 UMI shall provide means to display a 2 Y N Y numeric reading of temperature 9 3 4 The UMI shall include a capacitive touch 1 Y N Y screen display 10 15 The captured data from the UMI shall be 7 Y N Y near clinical quality 14 Table 2 Continued
120. thermometer subsystem described in Section 5 5 The 3 5 mm headphone jack will be utilized by the electronic stethoscope described in Section 5 3 The iPhone 4s includes a built in eight megapixel camera This camera is built into the rear of the phone which allows the user to view the screen and capture pictures at the same time Using the camera a physician can collect visual data when used in conjunction with the modified ophthalmoscope described in Section 5 4 Table 8 iPhone 4s subsystem bill of materials and attributes Part Name No Attributes Quantity 3 5 in screen Fight megapixel camera Capacitive touch screen display 1 iOS operating system Apple iPhone 4s 5 2 Case Subsystem Description This subsystem is designed to fulfill the function of creating an ergonomic and aesthetically pleasing design The case will be comprised of three components an OtterBox case aluminum case and 3D printed case Once these three components are attached together the user will easily be able to hold the device while utilizing the functions of the device OtterBox case The silicone inner layer of the OtterBox case seen in Figure 16 will be used to create a soft membrane between the iPhone and the aluminum case described later in this section This silicone layer will help protect the iPhone and allow for a more secure interface between the aluminum case and iPhone 44 Figure 16 OtterBox silicone case Alu
121. to solve this problem Team 105 came to the conclusion that the ophthalmoscope light requires more complex wiring than introducing a potentiometer in line with the light and power source Improve the mounting system for the speculum The speculum mounting system although functional can be difficult to use A similar system to that used on modern otoscopes could be useful Figure 32 These mounts include a conical piece of metal that the speculum slips over This design could be mimicked by 3D printing instead of using metal Figure 32 Otoscope with speculum mounting Source 103 Standardize all mounting screws All mounting screws should be the same size and length to ease the assembly of the UMI The screws could be converted to size 2 56 and length 0 25 in without much modification to the design 2 56 screws are a good choice because they are a high thread count so the peripherals will be securely attached to the iPhone 4s case Increase the minimum resolution of the ThermoDock to 0 1 F To increase the resolution of the ThermoDock the raw output data will need to be analyzed An iOS programmer should be able to capture this information and display it in a new integrated application Improve the surface quality of the 3D printed cover The current 3D printed cover is rough due to the inherent resolution of the 3D printer used To improve the surface quality the cover should be sanded to eliminate some of this roughness This would
122. to the requirements of the UMI s mD gt gt B 20 mae s qm 2 sm s 8 7 Figure 3 iPhone 4s image Source 75 The iPhone 4s includes a 3 5 inch 960 x 640 resolution capacitive touch screen display and two cameras one forward facing and one backward facing The design is relatively simple in that it combines a flat back and sharp edges to result in an aesthetically pleasing phone The iPhone 4s has only five mechanical buttons while the rest of the user interface is integrated into the touch screen display 4 1 1 1 Solution 1 Subsystem Descriptions This section describes the peripherals that will be attached to the iPhone 4s platform outlined by the subsystem requirements they fulfill Figure 4 shows a hand sketch of the proposed device with the peripherals attached Listed dimensions are estimations based on known subsystem dimensions and the UMI 1 0 30 MEMS 1 Microphone kakor atel N Slelhescope R Therme Deck E Aluminum Figure 4 Solution 1 iPhone 4s preliminary layout sketch Sketch by Josh Hille Visual data collection Modified ophthalmoscope otoscope This attachment is a purchased ophthalmoscope that will be modified to fulfill the requirements of an ophthalmoscope otoscope and dermatological camera Figure 5 It will be mounted directly to the iPhone s camera which will allow pictures of the retina tympanic membrane and skin to be stor
123. tory for me to present to a specialist for consultation B ME Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today I was able to capture pictures of the skin 1 Yes 2 No Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today the quality of the pictures of the skin captured by the UMI would be Unsatisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Nearly satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for me to present to a specialist for consultation Based my experience with UMI prototype today was able to listen to sounds of the heart 1 Yes 2 No 73 Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today the quality of the sounds of the heart captured by the UMI would be Unsatisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Nearly satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for inclusion in the patient s medical records for my future reference Satisfactory for me to present to a specialist for consultation PD Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today I was able to listen to sounds of the lungs 1 Yes 2 No Based on my experience with the UMI prototype today the quality of the sounds of the lung captured by the UMI would be
124. ttps www tomtom com en au products car navigation via series via 620 tab specifications Accessed 19 October 2013 T Pryor United States of America Patent US 7084859 B1 1 August 2006 M Berner et al System method and computer program product for point to point voice enabled driving directions United States of America Patent US6789065 B2 7 September 2004 Google Inc Glass Online Available http www google com glass start what it does Accessed 19 October 2013 D Kerr Google invite a friend to the Google Glass explorer program CNET 30 July 2013 Online Available http news cnet com 8301 1023_3 57596254 93 google invite a friend to the google glass explorer prograny Accessed 19 October 2013 Graduate student s proposal for Google Glass is accepted by Google Penn State News 28 June 2013 Online Available http news psu edu story 280358 2013 06 28 academics graduate students proposal google glass accepted google Accessed 19 October 2013 E Sill Seeing the future BioE grad student applies Google Glass technology for OCT research University of Illinois Engineering Communications Office 1 August 2013 Online Available http engineering illinois edu news 2013 07 3 1 seeing future bioe grad student applies google glass technology oct research Accessed 19 October 2013 T Mayer Google Glass helps surgeons in their work Atelier 16 September 2013 Online Available http w
125. uch of the data collected by either the controller or Kinect using an in game avatar The user is able to control the motion of this avatar through full body motion 26 The UMI will need to implement a similar connection between real world data and an intuitive graphical interface that can be used by both physicians and patients The Xbox One design characteristics are not necessarily directly applicable to the UMI but do provide some real ideas and direction as to how the UMI could interact with the user 3 3 4 Existing Design 4 Apple iPhone The Apple iPhone is a smart phone that has the capability of transmitting data over a cellular and Wi Fi network as well as utilizing the built in Bluetooth connectivity The device allows users to access emails text messages and the internet 27 External peripherals can be attached to the iPhone using either the 3 5 mm jack or 30 pin dock The newer versions of the Apple iPhone have upgraded their 30 pin dock to an 8 pin lighting connector The ability for the user to interact with the device via its touch screen interface gives the user a simple way to input data Because the device can connect wirelessly in multiple ways it can output data to external devices The iPhone is intuitive as it has restricted the number of available buttons on the device Overall this design has been successful as Apple has sold over 250 million devices since 2007 28 Another strong feature of the iPhone is standard
126. ugh this is not initially apparent 3 3 1 Existing Design 1 Global Positioning System Device Global positioning system GPS devices are an example of a technology that collects data outputs data and is designed to be user friendly A GPS device uses wireless communication to transmit signals between itself and satellites in orbit 6 The use of satellite signals allows the device to function without relying on the presence of signals from cell phone towers 7 GPS receivers are also able to connect wirelessly with nearby computers and other devices 8 These aspects of the product s design are pertinent to this project because they utilize mechanisms for sending and receiving data that do not depend on cell phone reception After interpreting the data received from satellites GPS devices relay the collected information to the end user through a visual display The high resolution color displays of commercially available units today 9 along with a variety of aural cues 7 guide the user to their desired destination in a step by step manner The use of a screen to instruct and inform the user is a feature that the UMI device would benefit from Furthermore including a method to verbally communicate with the user could allow a physician to better interact with their patient There are two main methods in which typical GPS devices collect input data from the user The first manner is for the user to navigate through a touch screen interface
127. uld be used for multiple examinations without the need to change or recharge the AA batteries This change also eliminated the need for a voltage divider as two AA batteries placed in series provided the necessary three volts to power both the ophthalmoscope light and the microphone Due to the change in the battery design slight changes to the 3D printed case were made seen in Appendix E Figure E 1 particularly the removal of the battery cover seen in Figure E 1 Because of the larger size of the AA batteries and the method by which they are contained in the device the battery cover was no longer feasible on the 3D printed case 59 7 DESIGN TESTING Chapter 7 contains information from the final testing of the UMI The results of the testing procedures are provided in Section 7 1 For instances in which engineering requirements were not satisfied there is an explanation in Section 7 2 of why success was expected and why failure occurred These explanations are followed by recommendations for fulfilling these requirements in the future 7A Testing Results The results of final product testing are summarized in Table 14 This synthesis includes all engineering requirements which are introduced in Section 2 3 as well as their associated testing procedure introduced in Section 2 4 This table includes a short description of the test results and if each was passed or failed Table 14 Test results with engineering requirement and associated
128. und This did not result in the recognition of the microphone by the iPhone despite functioning properly with headphones containing in line microphones A design change to include a functioning microphone of this type was not made due to the lack of availability of microphone specifications for these products No solution to this problem has been implemented because it has not been determined what further factors influence the situation and no compatible microphone with the necessary frequency specifications listed has been found Instead the design was modified by removing the wire connecting the microphone output to the iPhone This design change is reflected in Figure 31 To remedy this problem in the future empirical testing could be conducted on iPhone compatible microphones to identify one that operates across the necessary frequency range This testing would consist of connecting the microphone to the iPhone and playing test tones of the necessary frequencies on a computer While the iPhone is recording audio 20 Hz and 5000 Hz tones would be played from a speaker near the microphone If the recorded audio file on the iPhone contains these tones audibly and clearly the microphone is suitable for use in the UMI 62 8 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter provides an analysis of the successes and failures of the unified medical instrument project Additionally recommended next steps are included that outline the team s suggestio
129. utsourced 1 3 6 Build 3D printed button mount Outsourced 1 4 Assembly 1 4 1 Assemble ophthalmoscope All 1 4 2 Assemble stethoscope All 1 4 3 Assemble battery All 1 4 4 Assemble microphone All 1 4 5 Assemble wiring All 1 4 6 Assemble aluminum case All 1 4 7 Assemble completed device All 1 5 Testing Modifying 1 5 1 Test and modify picture collection All 1 5 2 Test and modify stethoscope All 1 5 3 Test and modify thermometer All 56 6 2 Project Schedule This section breaks down the project schedule and displays the time each step took to be completed The Gantt chart on the following page shows the timeline start and finish dates for each deliverable of the project Since the device was made up of multiple smaller peripherals the design build and assembly stages all happened concurrently This concurrent engineering model was beneficial as modifications were made to future assemblies when the need arose This was especially true when designing the 3D printed case due to the proposed lens system being removed The most time limiting task of this project was the design and build of the 3D printed case It could not be designed completely until all the other pieces had been designed It also created an issue during the build time as well since the 3D printed case was created by an outside vendor which required a longer turnaround time The outside vendor was able to create n
130. ve cost and purchase information Asterisks indicate estimated costs Sources 79 82 95 84 Cost No Description Supplier US Estimated Delivery 1 Apple iPod touch 32GB Black 4th Gen Amazon 201 50 3 5 business days 2 Pro Physician Otoscope Ophthalmoscope Amazon 109 02 3 5 business days Diagnostic Set 3 Littmann Classic II Infant Stethoscope Amazon 9144 3 5businessdays 4 Bluetooth Thermometer Amazon 79 99 3 5 business days 5 3D Printed Case of 300 00 2 weeks estimate Total cost 782 85 4 1 3 5 Solution 3 Customer and Engineering Requirement Satisfaction This section describes how the most important customer and engineering requirements are fulfilled by Solution 3 The most important requirements were determined by referring to the house of quality s weighting system e CR2 The UMI shall be aesthetically pleasing This solution features the iPod touch which has a black and silver color scheme and a smooth polished finish The 3D printed case covers the connections between the peripherals and the iPod creating a more streamlined appearance e CRs 6 11 12 ERs 1 2 23 The UMI shall provide means to view and capture pictures of the retina tympanic membrane and skin These requirements are fulfilled by a system that utilizes the built in camera on the iPod touch The attachment derived from the Pro Physician Otoscope Ophthalmoscope Diagnostic Set allows these i
131. ww atelier net en trends articles google glass helps surgeons their work_423811 Accessed 19 October 2013 Microsoft Corporation Meet Xbox One Online Available http www xbox com en US xbox one meet xbox one Accessed 19 October 2013 Z Zhang Microsoft Kinect sensor and its effect JEEE MultiMedia vol 19 no 2 pp 4 10 2012 Microsoft Use Kinect voice commands Online Available http support xbox com en US xbox 360 kinect control your xbox 360 with your voice Accessed 19 October 2013 66 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Microsoft Corporation Video Kinect Online Available http www xbox com en US live videokinect Accessed 19 October 2013 B Greene Video conference on Kinect Que Publishing 3 August 2011 Online Available http www quepublishing com articles article aspx p 1741119 amp seqNum 2 Accessed 19 October 2013 L Gallo et al Controller free exploration of medical image data experiencing the Kinect in 24th International Symposium on Computer Based Medical Systems Bristol 2011 R Johnson et al Exploring the potential for touchless interaction in image guided interventional radiology in ACM Conference on Computer Human Interaction Vancouver BC 2011 S Bauer et al Multi modal surface registration for markerless initial patient setup in radiat

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