XScopes User`s Manual - SparkFun Electronics
Contents
1. LL Sls Figure 18 Trigger menus 2 3 1 Trigger Types There are four different trigger types which determine when to display the trace on the screen e Normal Trace only when the trigger event occurs e Single Only one trace is displayed when the trigger event occurs e Auto Trace when the trigger event occurs or after a timeout e Free Trace continuously ignoring the trigger CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 15 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 2 Trigger Modes Three triggering modes are available Edge Window and Slope The Edge and Slope have selectable direction The direction of the trigger is changed in the Adjust Trigger Level menu by moving up or moving down the trigger level e Edge Trigger The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the trigger level in a certain direction The trigger level is represented on the display as a rising T falling 3 or dual arrow Ed o Rising edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the level from below to above o Falling Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the level from above to below o Dual Edge The trigger occurs when the signal crosses the trigger level in any direction To select the Dual Edge mode deselect Window Edge and Slope in the Trigger Mode Menu the trigger mark will change to a dual arrow 1 Edge Trigger The signal crosses a level Figure 19 Edge Trigger e Window Trigger The trigger occurs when th2. 1 4 Dimensions ch 50 28 9 A 2 A A A A A A A d A 1010 700 dL mg s LS Figure 7 Xprotolab Dimensions in N 14 OSZT OSST O O O O O O A E A A A A A E A A A A SS C3 69 A A a A RSS S A DO L OSZI OSSI O O O O O E A E A A A A A A A A A A A A A AAA DOT 600 2400 100 3300 Figure 9 Xminilab 2 3 Dimensions ES Y DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 10 XScopes User s Manual 1 5 Absolute Maximum Ratings Analog Inputs Digital Inputs External Trigger Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Table 3 Absolute Maximum Ratings 1 6 Factory Setup The device can enter factory options if the MENU key is pressed during power up The following options are available 1 Offset calibration The unit is calibrated before being shipped but calibration is required again if the firmware is updated During calibration two graphs are shown that represent the calibration on each channel 2 Sleep timeout Sets the time to shut down the display and put the microcontroller to sleep after the last key press Shutting down the OLED extends its life The current consumption is also reduced 3 Restore defaults Select this function to restore to the default the settings There are many settings on the device if you are not familiar with them this function is useful to set the device to a known state 1 7 Quick Start Guide Take the device out of the packaging There is a
3. Range 0 32767 Indicates how many samples to lid Ml acquire after the trigger Default is 128 Unsigned 8bit Trigger Source 0 CH1 1 CH2 2 9 CHD 10 EXT ene aaa alan E US Unsigned 32bit WG Desired Frequency pange 100 12500000 1Hz to 125kHz multiplied by 100 Table 9 Xscope s settings Jean DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 29 XScopes User s Manual 6 2 1 Bitfield variables Bit Chanelon 0000 CHictrl Se CH2ctrj Bit4 invertchannel Bit 5 Average samples Bit Chanelon o S Bit 4 Invert channel o O Bit 5 Serial Decode ft Bit 6 Parallel Decode 000000 _Bit 7 ASCII Sniffer display Bit O Normal Trigger Bit 2 Auto Trigger A Bit 3 Trigger Direction UEBPT Taa Round Sniffer COSS Bit 5 Slope Trigger Bit 6 Window Trigger Bit 0 Roll Scope ft Bit 1 Automatic Cursors Bit 2 Track Cursors l Bits VertialCursoron Bit 6 Reference waveformo9n_ Bit 7 Single Sniffer Capture 00 No Grid 01 Dots per division 10 Follow trigger 11 Graticule Bit 2 Elastic Display Dit 3 Invert Display isplay aa Flip Display LI Bit 5 Persistent Display Bit 7 Show Settings MR DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 30 XScopes User s Manual Bit 0 Hamming Window Bit 1 Hann Window Only one window must be selected or none for No Window Bit 2 Bit2 Blackman Window
4. Request EE waveform Serial interface only EE Wave data 256 bytes X Send waveform data G character which signals the PC that the device Serial interface only is ready Then the PC sends the data 256 bytes z Then the device sends a T character which signals the PC that the data was received C Request BMP 128x64 Monochrome BMP using the XModem Serial interface only protocol Table 11 XScope Command Set 6 4 Vendor ID and Product ID If you are using LibUSB to interface with the device you will need the VID and PID of the device ViD 16D0 PID 06F9 If you are using WinUSB you will need the GUID defined on the driver s inf file GUID 36FC9E60 C465 11CF 8056 444553540000 FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 32 XScopes User s Manual 7 BMP Screen Capture 7 1 To send a BMP screen capture to a PC You can send a screen capture of the XScope to your PC using HyperTerminal All the screen captures bitmaps in this manual where generated using this method The screen capture is done thru the XScope s serial port e Open HyperTerminal e Entera name for a new connection example scope e Enter the COM port where the device is connected e Select 115200 bits per second 8 data bits Parity None 1 Stop bit Flow control None See figure 48 COMI Properties Fort settings Bits per second sam Data bits Boe Parity None y Stop bits Moe Flow control None e
5. 100k 4958 0 450 2 Set the device to Meter mode 3 You should see similar voltages as z Figure 52 Meter mode shown on figure 52 Figure 51 Resistor divider Vin R1 R1 R2 Theory of operation The circuit is a voltage divider where Vin is 5V and Vout is the voltage at CH2 Vout 8 2 Measurement of an RC time constant 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 54 Se 2 Set the time base to 500us div pum 3 Setthe AWG to Square wave 500Hz AV 4 Setthe gain on both channels to 2 56V div 5 The display should look similar to figure 53 6 Now set the time base to 16us div 7 Turn off CH1 set the CH2 gain to 1 28V div 8 Adjust the horizontal and CH2 positions so that the rising wave takes most of the screen Uu RECEN 9 Turn on the vertical and CH2 horizontal cursors Figure 56 Half life measurement Figure 55 RC Equations 10 Enable the cursors TRACK option 11 Set the first vertical cursor at the corner of the wave and the second cursor where the voltage equals OV 12 The display should look like figure 55 The measured time 73 2 69us is the half life time so RC 9 95us Theory of operation Circuit theory shows that if the RC circuit is fed with a step input the output will approach a DC value exponentially figure 55 shows the equation from which we can obtain RC when the half life value is known 8 3 Half Wave Rectifier with Smoothing Capacitor 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 58 2
6. LS la 7 md mi US p Ie Du 1 w R13 3 00k PTS6355L50 LFS Ki il T PDI H s Z A MN 42 048V A T3 A P vm aiL Zon B c12 EXT INTERFACE A T Ela sr agyz gae 0 10 amp VCC 1 J11 J12 413 J14 CONI CONT CONT CONT KI XScopes User s Manual 10p 8 we EC um H AAA VCOMH USB Micro B C20 101035940001 A 18MHz 36 iu c13 E NX32256A CH LJ 2 aN 3 CR Gg C2 TA bo B CO 7 8 0 Dir Otu bo D Ps 40 Er On 11 Es J2 APT20125GC oi dl od R22 m D4 MBROS20LT1 180k CB pa 598 8110 107F AN gt SS d 42 048V Ka cn A R25 AWG 4 4 360k I TLS aaia R27 Qiu FUNCTION e 7 jon 3 CFLY GND 4 0Odu JA mu GENERATOR U4 TPS50403 E Page 43 Figure 69 Xminilab Schematic DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 XX Joan www gabotronics com
7. 8 bits are decoded If the cursors are disabled then the decoding is done from the start of the screen to the end The data can be decoded MSB first or LSB first depending on the position of the first vertical cursor 3 7 Protocol Sniffer When the XScope is in Sniffer mode a small text appears on the screen before any data is received to indicate where to hook up the signals As soon as the data B op AO Bi ats is received the data is displayed in pages There are 16 pages of data To browse Hz 08 CH thru the pages use the buttons K2 and K3 To stop and start the sniffer press the K1 button Figure 43 shows the device in sniffer mode Figure 43 Sniffer In the UART and SPI sniffers the data can be displayed in HEX or ASCII press K2 and K3 simultaneously to toggle between them If using ASCII only codes 0x20 thru Ox7A will show valid characters Figure 44 shows the 3x6 font Figure 44 Small 3x6 font 3 8 Sniffers Modes e Normal mode Continuous operation when the buffer is filled all pages are erased the index goes back to page 1 e Single mode The sniffer will stop when the buffer is filled e Circular mode New data will be placed at the end of the last page older data will be shifted towards the first page At the beginning the device will show 0x00 an all pages and the last page will be set S DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 24 XScopes User s Manual 3 9 12C Sniffer Connect SDA t
8. Bit2 Blackman Window Bit 3 Vertical Log MEET Bit 3 Vertical Log Bit 4 IQ FFT E Bit 5 Bit 5 Scope Mode Mode Bit 6 XY Bit 6 XY Mode SR 7 FFT Bit 7 FFTMode Bit O Acceleration Direction 1 Bit 1 Accelerate Sweep 1 Bit 2 Sweep Direction 1 Sweep Bit3 PingPongMode Le Bit 4 Sweep Frequency ss Bit 5 Sweep Amplitude ss Bit 6 Sweep Offset O Bit 7 Sweep Duty Cycle ss UART Sniffer Baud Rates Bit 1 Baud 1 000 1200 001 2400 010 4800 011 9600 Bit 2 Baud 2 100 19200 101 38400 110 57600 111 115200 Sniffer L I 2 CPOL Clock Polarity Bit 4 CPOH Clock Phase MStatus l S Table 10 Bitfield variable description Bit6 XY Mode Multiple modes can be selected simultaneously If no bits are Bit 7 FFT Mode It the Meter mode is displayed 6 3 Command Set When using the serial port the commands are sent to the XScope in ASCII format further data sent or received is in binary When using the USB interface the commands are sent as CONTROL READ requests where the request byte is the command and the Index and Value are additional parameters sent to the XScope If the PC is requesting data it will be returned in the endpoint O IN buffer Table 11 shows the XScope Interface Protocol Command Set FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 31 XScopes User s Manual Device Response Notes l l The device returns 4 bytes containing the version e Request firmware v
9. K1 Auto Setup possible time bases One time division consists of 16 pixels Example 8us division 8us 16 pixels gt 500ns pixel Explore wave Figure 12 Horizontal Menus Time Base Fast 8u 16u 324 64u 128u 256u 5004 im 2m 5m 10m 5 50 s div Slow 20m 50m 01 02 05 1 2 Table 4 Time divisions At 8ps div CH2 is not displayed 2 1 2 Technical Details lt There are two distinct sampling methods Fast Sampling and Slow Sampling Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster All samples are acquired to fill the buffer and then they are displayed on the screen o Pre trigger sampling ability to show samples before the trigger is available only with fast sampling o Only 128 samples are visible at a time varying the horizontal position allows exploring the full buffer Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Single samples are acquired and simultaneously displayed on the display o The ROLL mode waveform scrolls to the left during acquisition is only available with the slow sampling o All 256 samples are visible on the display each vertical line will have at least two samples 2 1 3 Horizontal Position The horizontal position can be varied on the Fast Sampling time bases There are 256 samples for each channel but only 128 are displayed on the screen When the acquisition is stopped the full sample buffer can be explored with the K2 and K3 buttons Pressing K2 and K3
10. Restore 3 The screen turns off after a certain amount of time This is the screen saver in action The screen saver time can be changed in factory options See Section 1 6 4 I built my own Xprotolab a particular button doesn t work There might be shorted pins on the microcontroller Check for debris or solder bridges Using a solder wick on the pins will help 5 When powering up the splash screen stays for a very long time more than 4 seconds The crystal is defective or the traces on the crystal are shorted 6 It still isn t working If you have a multimeter and want to try to fix yourself check the following voltages If any of the voltages are wrong there might be a defective part e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V If the unit is powered with e Voltage at 5V should be between 4 75 and 5 25V e Voltage at 3 3V should be between 3 2 and 3 4V e Voltage at pin 8 of U3 should be between 2 00 and 2 09V more than 5 5V the negative voltage generator would be the first component to get damaged If all fails and if the device is under warranty you can send it back for repairs lt S Y DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 40 XScopes User s Manual 12 XScope Design 12 1 System Architecture The XScope uses many resources and peripherals of the XMEGA microcontroller Figure 67 shows the XScope s Architecture block diagram Timer TCCO System Timer TCEO Timer
11. XScopes User s Manual 1 3 Specifications General Specifications ATXMEGA32A4 36KB Flash 4KB SRAM 1KB EEPROM Graphic OLED display 128x64 pixels o Xprotolab display size is 0 96 and with 10 000 hours minimum life time to 50 original brightness o Xminilab display size is 2 42 and with 40 000 hours minimum life time to 5096 original brightness Module size Xprotolab 1 615 x 1 01 Xminilab 3 3 x 1 75 PDI interface an optional 2x3 headers can be soldered for programming and debugging 4tactile switches Micro USB Logic Analyzer specifications 8 Digital Inputs 3 3V level Maximum sampling rate 2Msps Frequency Counter 12MHz 1Hz resolution 100ppm accuracy Protocol Sniffer UART I2C SPI nternal pull up or pull down Buffer size 256 Oscilloscope specifications 2 Analog Inputs Maximum Sampling rate 2Msps Analog Bandwidth 200kHz Resolution 8bits Input Impedance 1MO Buffer size per channel 256 Input Voltage Range 14V to 20V Vertical sensitivity 80mV div to 5 12V div Maximum Screen Refresh Rate 128Hz AWG specifications 1 Analog Output Maximum conversion rate 1Msps Analog Bandwidth 44 1kHz Resolution 8bits Output current gt 7mA Buffer size 256 Output Voltage 2V Weight Xprotolab 10 grams Xminilab 25 grams FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 9 XScopes User s Manual
12. a signal can be displayed Consider the signal on figure 22 Figure 22 Sample signal Even though the buffer sample is relatively small any section of the shown figure can be analyzed by varying the post trigger value Examples Post trigger 0 don t acquire more signals after the trigger Only the signals that occurred before the trigger event are shown i Figure 23 Post trigger value equal zero Post trigger 5096 of the sample buffer default setting Half of the buffer contains samples before the trigger gt and half contains the samples after the trigger Figure 24 Post trigger 50 of sample buffer Post trigger 100 of the sample buffer Only signals immediately after the trigger event are shown Figure 25 Post trigger 10096 of buffer The actual post trigger value can vary between 0 and 32768 samples so you can explore the signal after a very long time after the trigger event has occurred but with a high post trigger value the refresh rate of the scope will be reduced 2 3 5 Trigger Source Any analog or digital channel can be the trigger source If selecting a digital channel as trigger source the slope and window modes are not applicable the device will use edge triggering The external trigger input is an additional digital trigger source which tolerates voltages up to 5 5V CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 17 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 Device Modes There are
13. changes in the output 8 5 Component V I Curves 1 Build the circuit shown in figure 64 2 Set the time base to 500us div 3 Set the AWG to Sine wave 125Hz 4V 4 Set the gain on both channels to 0 64V div TE 5 Enter the CH2 options and select SUBTRACT cpi EE Figure 62 1N4148 curve 6 Set the device oscilloscope in XY mode Figure 64 Component tester Figure 63 100nF Capacitor curve Theory of operation The goal is to plot the component s voltage versus the component s current Using the integrated waveform generator and an external resistor we can inject current into the component The voltage is measured directly using CH1 The current thru the component is the same as the current thru the resistor the voltage on the resistor is proportional to the current The voltage on the resistor is equal to CH2 CH1 1V on the scope will represent 1mA on the component Figure 62 and figure 63 show examples of V I curves on components 8 6 Frequency Plots The AWG sweep function can be used to plot the frequency response of a circuit This method is not directly a BODE plot since the horizontal axis is not logarithmic it is linear 1 Connect the AWG to the input and CH1 to the output 2 Setthe device to FFT mode 3 Change to the desired time base The maximum frequency is shown on the top right of the display 4 Set the AWG to Sine Wave 5 Enable the Frequency Sweep 6 Set the AWG Sweep range to 1 255 7 Setthe disp
14. folder 9 2 1 FLIP application instructions 1 Start Flip 2 Select ATXMEGA32AMU in the device selection list 3 Select USB as communication medium 4 Open the USB port to connect to the target 5 Make sure the FLASH buffer is selected and check ERASE BLANK CHECK PROGRAM VERIFY N Y ATxmega32A4U Signature Bytes1E 95 41 04 Device Boot Ids 00 00 Checksum 0xFF D Ba Ya Bootloader Ver 1 0 2 Reset Before Loading O v Program HEX File n AIMEL a Select EEPROM Start Application Y Reset USB ON 6 Load the HEX file hex 7 Press RUN 8 Press SELECT EEPROM 9 Load the HEX file eep 10 Uncheck ERASE and BLANK CHECK only leave checked PROGRAM and VERIFY 11 Press RUN 12 Press START APPLICATION 13 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device See section 1 6 FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 38 XScopes User s Manual 10 Frequently Asked Questions 1 What tools do need to develop my own programs on the XScope If you don t need debugging capabilities only a regular cable is needed to program the device If you want to be able to debug your code you need an external debugger such as the AVR JTAGICE mkll or the AVR ONE Software Tools e Integrated Development Environment AVR Studio 4 or Atmel Studio 6 e f using AVR Studio 4 the C compiler is a separate package found in the WinAVR package 2 Can the waveform generator and t
15. multiple device modes that can be selected the menus shown on figure 26 allow selecting the Scope Mode the Meter Mode or the Spectrum Analyzer Mode FFT Another device mode is the Protocol Sniffer which is discussed in section 3 8 Scope Mode Meter Mode Set Scope mode DC Voltage Roll Mode ree Joes rn rre pee fr serm De meme nre lemps qu emm K3 Logarithm display DN Cosine Window Figure 26 Device mode menus In the Mode Menu press K1 and K3 simultaneously to display both the Scope and FFT 2 4 1 Oscilloscope Mode This is the default mode of the XScope The 2 analog and 8 digital channels are sampled simultaneously Any of these 10 channels can be shown on the display Figure 27 shows the oscilloscope mode and the various sections of the display are detailed Green LED Flashes after every screen refresh Trigger level mark Red LED Flashes with USB activity Scope Settings The scope can also display the traces in XY mode which is described in section 2 4 1 3 Channel Gain Time Base Figure 27 Oscilloscope Mode 2 4 1 1 Roll Mode The data on the display is scrolled to the left as new data comes in This is only available on the Slow Sampling rates The Roll mode and Elastic mode cannot be selected simultaneously The Roll mode disables the triggering 2 4 1 2 Elastic Traces This is also called Display average on other digital oscilloscope
16. programmer and port AVRISP mkll and AUTO or USB In the MAIN tab select the device ATXMEGA32A4 In the programming mode select PDI A E x To check that everything is ok press the Read Signature button You will see a message saying that the device matches the signature 9 Gotothe PROGRAM tab 10 In the Flash section look for the HEX file and click Program 11 In the EEPROM section look for the EEP file and click Program 12 Go to the FUSES tab 13 Set BODPD to BOD enabled in sampled mode 14 Set BODACT to BOD enabled in sampled mode 15 Set BODLVL to 2 9V 16 Click Program 17 After updating the firmware make sure to recalibrate the device See section 1 6 FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 37 XScopes User s Manual 9 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloader 9 2 1 Tools required e Standard USB type A to micro USB cable e Atmel s FLIP software http www atmel com tools FLIP aspx e Flip Manual with driver installation procedure http www atmel com Images doc8429 pdf e HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon 9 2 2 Activating the bootloader The K1 button needs to be pressed while connecting the device to the computer with the USB cable Once the XScope enters the bootloader the red LED will be lit and will blink with USB activity The XScope will appear as a new device on the host computer the drivers required are found in the FLIP application
17. protective film on the display which can be removed The device can be powered with either the USB or with an external power supply by applying 5V on the corresponding pin Double check your connections because the device WILL get damaged if applying power on the wrong pin Connect the AWG pin to CH1 The tactile switches are named from left to right K1 K2 K3 and K4 The K4 is the Menu button Press and hold the K1 key auto setup The screen should look like figure 10 Pressing K2 or K3 will change the sampling rate Additional examples on how to use the Xprotolab are presented in chapter 8 Figure 10 Quick start FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 11 XScopes User s Manual 1 8 User Interface The K4 button is the MENU button used to navigate thru all the menus The K1 K3 buttons action depend on the current menu The green arrows represent the flow when pressing the MENU button When the MENU button is pressed on the last menu the device settings are saved and the menu goes back to the default Figure 11 shows the main menus in blue and some secondary menus in yellow Further ramifications are shown on the respective chapters Horizontal Menu no menu shown Logic Inputs Menu T a reee roge one SC Ve DREES Center Horizontal sal Ba cilia A Stop acquisition Decrease Sampling Rate Increase Sampling Rate KA K2 K3 Long K1 CH1 Horizontal Cursors Mor
18. se 23 L DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 4 XScopes User s Manual Saa OS CTO Nm 23 CUMS MES GE 23 SAS Me ES Ce PIC EE 23 Sm Mell ale dojo 30 EE 23 Seele Ks HB o EE 24 nO TED C OIN DEE 24 e tere Ee EEN 24 Ee Ee 24 I EE 25 A RP T 25 3 11 Ee E 25 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator EE 26 4 1 Predefined Ree Sur e 27 ZO mele WV TTT 27 4 2 1 SWECO MOGO NER m T T E A A AE AAA 27 SC PIC Cll PON EE 2 5 elt E Ce LEE 28 Ge INTEMACE d e e CON ME 28 el API UCI Se e EE 28 oU a KE o AA ENA E A E A A E T 28 6 2 1 BII ANV AO nas mcdia Ren EI D MU M M MM DECEM M EL M MIR E M ES 30 ote C OMMANI Suec MINE MM LUE MEI ME 3 GA s aeo e leie Eiere SW RE 32 7 BMP Screen eeel EEN 33 7 1 To send a BMP screen capture to CHI naaa 33 7 2 TO send a BMP screen capture TO LINUX EE 34 8 XSCOPE SEX Chri eS sacs T oTt 35 S Y DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 5 XScopes User s Manual Sul RESISTOR VON GOOG te 35 9 2 Measurement oran RO TMS GOMSIOM arrancadas 35 8 3 Half Wave Rectifier wm Eng Leien tee leie e te 35 A n vien TT 36 SC ETS IGT Ee 36 AS SC EO SE T T UU M E 36 2 FImware UPA IN sc 37 9 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer ccccscessssccecssssccsecssssccscenssscsecessseeees 37 9 1 1 TOONS ell 37 Sl INSITTUCHONS TO Ale are Uer EE 37 Pleo Instructions to update the firmware ss Gene EE 37 9 2 Firmware upgrade using the bootloader sss sss 38 9 2 1 e GIG SC IS E T eR 3
19. simultaneously on the default menu will center the horizontal position 2 1 4 Auto Setup The Auto Setup feature will try to find the optimum gain and time base for the signals being applied on CH1 and CH2 CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 13 XScopes User s Manual 2 2 Vertical Settings The analog channel controls are discussed in this section Figure 13 shows the Vertical menu flow Main Channel Menu Ka lman O K2 CH2menu El Position shortcut Channel Menu kt Toggle Channel on off 7 CH1 and CH2 have identical settings aj las K3 Channel Math Average Channel pe roti moe Figure 13 Vertical menus Gain Settings 064 Table 5 Gain Settings 2 2 1 Disable Channel Any channel can be disabled this is useful to reduce clutter on the display 2 2 2 Channel Gain Table 5 shows the possible gain settings for the analog channels One gain division consists of 16 pixels The current gain settings for the analog channels are shown in the top right part of the display If the SHOW setting of the display is enabled 2 2 3 Channel Position The position of the waveform can be moved up or down in the Channel Position menu 2 2 4 Channel Invert The channel can be inverted The displayed waveform and channel calculations will be affected ney div 1 sample average 2 2 5 Channel Math Subtract The channel trace will be replaced with the dif
20. 8 MEE de leie Be eeler ee E 38 9 2 1 SBE eleien CaM IN MOCHON ME T E 38 10 Frequently Asked Questions ER 39 R Pani Te Es Le E EE 40 12 ASCOPE DESIGN cana AA 41 12 1 VIEM ACNE CIU NOTTE 4 EE TRT a E E ta s 42 S Y DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 6 XScopes User s Manual 1 General Overview eS 1 1 Xprotolab Pin Description Naa DN pp K n F oly be Pd La GND USB 76543210 1 logic 3 3V 5V CHI CH2 AWG EXT T GND 5V Figure 4 Front and Top Signals Figure 3 Back Signals Name Description Comment mg croua Jess Ground reduce voltage offset errors Digital Channel 3 UART Sniffer signal TX Digital Channel 4 SPI Sniffer signal SS Interface TX output Connect to host s RX Interface link input 3 3V level input with internal pull up Table 1 Pin description Digital Channel 5 SPI Sniffer signal MOSI Interface RX input Connect to host s TX CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 7 XScopes User s Manual 1 2 Xminilab Pin Description Figure 5 Xminilab HW 2 1 amp 2 2 Front Signals CH CH2 AWG EXT T gi 33V 5V GND E L 5V Figure 6 Xminilab EE la RX HW 2 3 Front Signals M om TX gan ESERE 01234567 CH1 CH2 AWG EXT T Logic 3 3V 5V Name Description Comment CH1 CH2 AWG 5V GND PWR LNK Table 2 Xminilab Pin Description FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 8
21. C Interface Eus J Ae The XScope can communicate to a PC with USB It can also communicate using the UART on the external port by using a UART adapter or the Bluetooth module Figure 47 shows a snapshot of the PC interface Lt Gabotronics XScopes Interface v0 18 oF x Oscilloscope Arbitrary Waveform Generator Protocol Sniffer Options ll Horizontal S 40 40 E EE E 4 4 V 4 ow EAR EE EE E CH cH2 LOGIC FFT REF Position Gain Y Trace Invert Rising Edge Average Falling Edge Math C Dual Edge SE ll Color Positive Slope Math Negative Slope C Window e Sub Multiply BP RE C Free Auto VPP C Normal C Single Freq Hold mS n Force CH1 256V div CH2 2 56Vidiv Time 256ps div Trigger amp I XY Mode auto STOP Roll Mode Figure 47 Xprotolab PC interface Lis 6 Interface Protocol m 01011011 The XScope can communicate to external devices thru the USB or the external port Each interface can access the Xscope s main settings Follow the protocols to make your own applications or to make devices that attach to the XScope 6 1 Interface settings The settings for communicating with the serial port are shown in Table 8 If using the USB interface you can use WinUSB or LibUSB libraries The USB device s endpoints have a size of 64 bytes The device uses BULK IN tra
22. Digital Analog Inputs Output Analog Analog Input CH1 Input CH2 Figure 2 XScopes Block Diagram CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 1 XScopes User s Manual About this manual This manual targets both novice and advanced users providing a full resource for everyone However for a full understanding of the operation of the XScopes the user should be familiar with the operation of a regular oscilloscope The features documented in this manual are for the Xminilab hardware version 2 1 or Xprotolab hardware version 1 7 with firmware version 2 00 Conventions XScope Xprotolab or Xminilab CH1 Analog Channel 1 CH2 Analog Channel 2 CHD Logic Inputs Fast Sampling 10ms div or faster Slow Sampling 20ms div or slower Helpful tip Technical Detail Revision History e a a d Version Date Notes 1 0 September 2011 First revision 1 1 December 2011 Firmware upgrade for HW 1 7 1 2 January 2012 Updated AWG maximum frequency to 125kHz 1 3 January 2012 Added vertical sensitivity on specifications 1 5 January 2012 Changed seconds units from S to s 1 6 February 2012 Corrected discrepancies in the interface protocol 1 7 March 2012 Added maximum screen refresh rate 1 8 June 2012 Merged Xprotolab and Xminilab manual added new features 1 9 August 2012 Documented latest features 2 0 August 2012 Added a chapter with examples 2 1 September 2012 Documented the Frequency Counter 2 2 September 2012 Upda
23. NS D Gabotronics PO BOX 110332 EN N Lakewood Rch FL 34211 XScopes User s Manual www gabotronics com Main Features e Mixed Signal Oscilloscope Simultaneous sampling of e 2 analog and 8 digital signals e Arbitrary Waveform Generator with advanced sweep options on all the wave parameters e Protocol Sniffer SPI C UART e Advanced Triggering System Normal Single Auto Free with many trigger modes adjustable trigger level e RE Xminilab ei ph ud Son o cal EXT INTERFACE x gt and ability to view signals prior to the trigger Figure 1 Xprotolab and Xminilab Top View e Meter Mode VDC VPP and Frequency readout e XY Mode For plotting Lissajous figures V I curves or Description checking the phase difference between two waveforms SCH mE e Spectrum Analyzer with different windowing options The XScopes Xminilab and Xprotolab are a combination of three electronic instruments a mixed signal and selectable vertical log and IQ visualization oscilloscope an arbitrary waveform generator and a e Channel Math add multiply invert and average protocol sniffer all housed in a small breadboard friendly module The XScopes can also be used as development boards forthe AVE XMECA microcontroller waveform measurements and waveform references e Horizontal and Vertical Cursors with automatic External si Interface 4 Tactile External Switches XMEGA Trigger Microcontroller 8
24. Setthe time base to 2mS div 3 Setthe AWG to Sine wave 125Hz AV 4 Setthe gain on both channels to 1 28V div 5 The display should look like figure 57 6 If the capacitor is removed the display should 100k 0 1u look like figure 59 Figure 58 Half wave rectifier circuit Figure 59 Removing the capacitor Theory of operation The diode will allow current to flow only during the positive half of the sine wave The output voltage is a little bit lower because of the voltage drop of the diode When the AWG voltage is negative the diode acts like an open circuit and the capacitor discharges thru the resistor at an exponential rate FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 35 XScopes User s Manual 8 4 BJT Amplifier 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 61 2 Set the time base to 2ms div 3 Move the position on both channels all the way down CHL o 220d UI 4 Set CH1 to 0 32V div Set CH2 to 1 28V div Figure GL Ampliinercircun Figure ST Measurements 5 Set the AWG to Sine wave 125Hz 0 250V amplitude 6 Increase the AWG offset until the CH2 wave is centered on the display The display should look like figure 60 GND reference grid is at the bottom of the screen Theory of operation The transistor needs to be biased in its forward active region this is what the offset in the AWG is for The output voltage will vary according to the BJT transfer curve changes in the input make large
25. TCC1 Architecture For ADC Event CHO Trigger Post Trigger amp N timeout UART sniffer I CHO Gain ADC CHO k Stage CH1 Gain DMA T L em DMA CHO pl Display Analog Input CHO Analog Input CH1 Digital R Inputs AWG DMA USB DAC CHO Weg USB amplifier Timer TCDO For DAC Event CH3 PI ee ee Tactile Switches Figure 67 XScopes Architecture Block Diagram S DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 41 L7 XScopes User s Manual Schematics 12 2 HI 30k 312kHz EW MENU dr Be E R5 3 00k l mA RE 300k d BU j C4 SCH Sus wl j O 230p E on H dE on PTS6353L50 LFS ca PDI ie H I 1 Z 33V R4 3 00k Rit 20 0k Rid 180 1 EXT INTERFACE USB Micro E 10103594 0001 1 WW 3 E 6 co 7 8 E Ca it E TP TEST r PRTRSVOUZX 215 ui R22 SS geg a CH 10p 180k Se 4 d GRN KA VCC 2 5 R23 360k po Soe 10 107F 125i B 2 0484 A E A RED AN e 8 R16 ho AW jme EST TRIG LoGic ANALYZER id Bee S 13 lik C8 C13 i Ka Ke 47u 4 Tu 2 DuA 45 H AN Bal S 2 S A UG 2864HSWEGO1 1 E R2T IN OUT mi e 180k en CFLY FUNCTION i e E em lez July 2012 GENERATOR Ee 01u ME x U4 TPS SC Figure 68 Xprotolab Schematic Page 42 DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 CH Ei CHANNEL 1 CONZ MENU L
26. e signal leaves a voltage range This mode is useful for detecting overvoltages or undervoltages Two arrow trigger marks represent the window levels CHi 1 zHl di Bleu tdi Window Trigger The signal is outside a range Figure 20 Window Trigger e Slope Trigger The trigger occurs when the difference between two consecutive samples is greater or lower than a predefined value This is useful for detecting spikes or for detecting high frequency signals The trigger mark is represented on the screen as two small lines with a size proportional to the trigger value FY Slope Trigger The difference of two points in the signal is above a value Figure 21 Slope trigger CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 16 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 3 Trigger Hold The trigger hold specifies a time to wait before detecting the next trigger It is useful when the signal can have multiple trigger events occurring close to each other but you only want to trigger on the first one 2 3 4 Post Trigger The oscilloscope is continuously acquiring samples in a circular buffer Once the trigger event occurs the oscilloscope will acquire more samples specified by the Post Trigger value The ability to show samples before or after the trigger is one of the most powerful features of a digital sampling oscilloscope The post trigger is only available on the fast sampling rates Depending on the post trigger settings different parts of
27. e trigger options DN CH2 Horizontal Cursors Trigger Source Menu If confused while navigating the menus it is easy to go back to the default Mode Menu geg lnn Set Meter mode K2 Toggle Line Pixel yo Juanas eee A green arrow gt Miscellaneous Menu AWG Menu 1 pressing the MENU button DN Enter Display Menu ca Sweep Options K Enter AWG Menu K Adjust Frequency menu by pressing the MENU button a few times Save Settings Figure 11 Main Menus 1 9 Saving the settings All the settings are stored to non volatile memory only when exiting from the last menu Miscellaneous Menu This method is used to reduce the number of write cycles to the microcontrollers EEPROM UANI DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 12 XScopes User s Manual 2 Mixed Signal Oscilloscope a The XScope is a mixed signal oscilloscope it has 2 analog channels and 8 digital channels This chapter will focus on the analog signals More information about the digital channels is presented in chapter 3 2 1 Horizontal Settings The horizontal settings are controlled Horizontal Menu no menu shown Stop acquisition M Decrease Sampling Rate on the default menu The menu is Horizontal Position shown on figure 12 Continue acquisition M Explore wave ra Increase Sampling Rate 2 1 1 Time Base The time base can be varied from 8us div to 50s div Table 4 shows all the Long
28. ectrum is plotted as frequency vs magnitude The horizontal axis represents the frequency Hertz and the vertical axis represents the magnitude Figure 30 shows the XScope in Spectrum Analyzer Mode The AAA Nyquist frequency is shown on the top right corner of the display a e biag If only interested in one channel turn off the other channel to maximize the vertical display 2 4 3 1 IQ FFT Mode When the IQ FFT is disabled the XScope calculates two independent 256 point FFTs of the analog channels the Real and Imaginary components of the FFT have the same data The output of the FFT is symmetrical but only half of the result is shown on the display When the IQ FFT is enabled only one FFT is calculated the Real component is filled with the CH1 data and the Imaginary component is filled with the CH2 data The result is a 256 point FFT you can use the horizontal controls described in section 2 1 3 to explore all the data since only 128 points can be shown on the display The IQ FFT is useful to monitor RF Spectrums with the proper hardware mixer 2 4 3 2 Logarithm display The log is useful when analyzing low level components on the signal When analyzing audio it is also very useful as it maps more directly to how humans perceive sound The actual function performed is y 16 log gt x Example A m um WWE Figure 31 Triangle Wave Figure 33 FFT without Log Figure 32 FFT with Log 2 4 3 3 FFT Windows To reduce the spect
29. ency plot set the mode to FFT and set the display to persistent See section 8 6 for an example 4 2 1 Sweep Modes In the Sweep Mode menu the sweep direction can be changed Automatic change of the direction is done by enabling the Ping Pong mode The sweep acceleration increases or decreases the sweep speed the sweep speed is reset when reaching the start or end of the sweep ANE 4 3 Technical Details e The waveform is stored in a 256 byte long buffer this buffer is fed to the XMEGA s DAC thru the DMA Once the waveform is set the waveform will be generated without any CPU intervention The maximum conversion rate of the DAC is 1Msps this limits the maximum output frequency of the AWG as a system For example if the AWG is generating a sinewave with 256 points the maximum frequency is 3906 25Hz If generating a sinewave with only 32 points the maximum frequency is 31 25KHz The AWG amplifier has a low pass filter of 44 1KHz The predefined AWG Frequency range is 1Hz thru 125 kHz The resolution of the waveform generator varies depending on the frequency range the lower the frequency the higher the resolution Note that the possible frequencies are discrete 125000 F Cycl FREIE requency ycles Period Cycles Integer number with these possible values 1 2 4 8 16 32 Period Integer number with values between 32 and 65535 Jean DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 27 XScopes User s Manual 5 P
30. ersion number in ASCII ee DEE When using the USB interface the Index contains ithe Index is below 14 the updatemso bit is ie nee and the Value contains the data When using the using the Serial interface two automatically set If the Index is above 34 the updateawg is additional bytes must be sent containing the index and data automatically set When using the USB interface the Index contains the lower 16bits the Value contains the high 16bits When using the Serial interface 4 additional bytes must be sent little endian format Sets the desired AWG Frequency 32bits qd SaveXScope s Settings in EEPROM e Save AWG wave stored in RAM to EEPROM g StartScope A J Auto Setup When using the USB interface the Value contains the 16bits When using the Serial interface 2 additional bytes must be sent little endian format Sets the desired Post Trigger Value 16bits n p Disable Auto send Serial interface only When the Auto send is active the device will continuously send data this is to maximize the refresh rate on the PC side Enable Auto send When using fast sampling rates the device will first Serial interface only fill its buffers and then send the buffers in bursts When using slow sampling rates the PC app will need to keep track of time as the samples will arrive with no time reference All the settings 43 bytes are sent to the PC w
31. ethod e Line A line is drawn from one sample to the next e Pixel A single pixel represents a sample The pixel display is useful at slow sampling rates or when used in combination with the persistent mode Figure 39 shows the pixel display Figure 39 Pixel Display 2 6 3 Show scope settings Toggles the display of the scope settings Channel gain and time base 2 6 4 Grid Type There are 4 different grid types No grid Dots for each division Vertical dots represent the scale divisions Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Vertical grid line follow trigger Vertical dots represent the position of the trigger the location of the vertical dots follow the trigger position Horizontal dots represent the time base setting and the ground level of each channel Dot graticule The screen is filled with dots that represent the vertical and horizontal divisions 2 6 5 Flip Display The display orientation is flipped This is useful when mounting the XScope on a panel and the display s orientations is backwards 2 6 6 Invert Display When enabled the display s pixels are inverted the display will have a white background CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 22 XScopes User s Manual 3 Logic Analyzer and Protocol Sniffer SS The XScope has an 8 bit logic analyzer and can do sniffing on standard protocols I2C UART and SPI The logic inputs are 3 3V leve
32. ference s div sample average us diw ms div samples averaged Multiply The channel trace will be replaced with the product Average The channel samples will be averaged to reduce aliasing See Figure 14 Channel Math Examples Hi 1 28 die y CHi CHe cHiHncHz D BHU dis Elzuil dwm Elzuil dw EE TIE M Puer APUL ve s Figure 15 CH1 CH2 Figure 17 CH1xCH2 me div ins drvi ms div ms div 8 pye divs 20 s divts 40 s div 80 s diver 200 s div 400 s div 800 s drvi 2000 sample samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples average averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged averaged Figure 14 Number of samples averaged when enabling the channel AVERAGE option The device s sampling rate is normally faster than needed to be able to average samples DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 14 XScopes User s Manual 2 3 Trigger Settings The XScope has an advance triggering system it has most of the trigger controls of a professional oscilloscope Figure 18 shows the trigger menus DESCH DES ea More Trigger Options nene sa eene a Derim uo rotar lalaa Seat 1 w vmeme Vase rre rro lennig nr anm Logic Trigger Select 1 Logic Trigger Select 2 Logic Trigger Select 3 eee aj e seno meum se sre Post Trigger Post Trigger
33. he oscilloscope run simultaneously Yes the waveform generator runs on the background The AWG uses the DMA so it doesn t need any CPU intervention 3 How do power the XScope The XScope can be powered thru the micro USB port Alternatively the XScope can be powered by connecting a 5V power supply on the 5V pin Do not connect a 5V power supply and the USB at the same time 4 Can I connect the XScope to the computer to control the oscilloscope and get the data Yes you can use the XScope PC Interface A UART to USB cable will be required for hardware revisions 1 4 and 1 5 5 Can connect the XScope to the computer using the USB for firmware updates Yes Only the old hardware revisions 1 4 and 1 5 need a PDI programmer for firmware updates 6 How much power can the XScope supply The XScope can also power external devices This is the maximum current on each voltage 5V Will be the same as the power source minus 60mA 5V Approximately 50mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5V line 3 3V Approximately 200mA but this subtracts from the available current on the 5V line 7 What is the maximum frequency that can measure with the XScope The analog bandwidth is set at 200kHz However you can still measure frequencies up to almost Nyquist 2 i e 1MHz The FFT analysis will be particularly useful when measuring high frequencies 8 Can measure voltages above 20V Yes by adding a 9Mohm resistor on the
34. ice s offset Section 1 6 2 4 2 1 Frequency Measurements The device can measure frequencies on the analog channels and on the external trigger pin Frequency measurements on the analog channels are done using the FFT of the acquired data so measured frequencies have discrete steps The frequency range is determined by the highest frequency of the analog channels If there is a high frequency on one channel and a low frequency on the other the channel with the lowest frequency will have low resolution Frequency measurements with the FFT are best suited for analog signals Frequency measurements on the external trigger are done counting the pulses on the pin over one second The resolution of the measurement is 1Hz Frequency measurements with the Freq counter are best suited for digital signals IEEE FFT Analog channels Frequency Counter Ext Trigger Maximum voltage range 14V to 20V 2 2V to 5 5V Maximum Frequency 500kHz Over 12MHz Resolution Variable depending on frequency 1Hz range From 6 25Hz to 7 812kHz with other signals above the logic threshold Table 6 FFT vs Frequency Counter Jean DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 19 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 3 Spectrum Analyzer l l l CHi 2 SBUtd The spectrum analyzer is done by calculating the Fast Fourier Transform FFT CHE z KRU of the selected analog channels or the channel math functions if enabled When dhHe HAN the FFT is enabled the sp
35. input Since the input impedance of the device is 1Mohm the voltage will is divided by 10 This is the equivalent of using a 10 1 probe 9 Are the logic inputs 5V tolerant No the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant An easy solution would be to place a 3K resistor in series with the 5V signal this will work for signals with a frequency lower than 200kHz Another solution would be to use a voltage translator chip FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 39 XScopes User s Manual 10 The source code says evaluation version can get the full version The full source code is currently not open The evaluation source code does not contain the MSO application The HEX file does contain the full version of the oscilloscope 11 What is the current consumption of the XScope Between 40mA and 60mA depending on how many pixels are lit on the OLED 12 There is a new firmware for the XScope how do update Follow the instructions on section 9 13 How does the XScope compare to other digital oscilloscopes You can check this comparison table http www gabotronics com resources hobbyists oscilloscopes htm 11 Troubleshooting Is the XScope not working Check out these tips 1 The unit does not power up If using the USB connector to power try applying 5V directly instead with another power supply 2 The unit powers up but the MSO is not working Try restoring the default settings Press K4 during power up then select
36. l Figure 48 HyperTerminal Settings e Inthe Transfer menu select Receive File e Enter a folder where to save the file and use the XMODEM protocol See figure 49 FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 33 XScopes User s Manual M Receive File Place received file in the following folder CH Browse Use receiving protocol modem y E E Figure 49 Receive File Settings e Enter a file name with a BMP extension and press OK 7 2 To send a BMP screen capture to Linux Create the following script and save as capture sh echo Please enter filename e g capture bmp By read name t h stty F Sl I15200 capturc s rx c Sname 91 gt S1 To use make the script executable with chmod x capture sh Then enter capture sh into a terminal followed by the serial device for example capture sh dev ttyUSBO Then enter a name for the bmp image including the bmp file extension 600 matthew matthew laptop File Edit View Terminal Help matthewamatthew laptop capture sh dev ttyUSBO A Please enter filename e g capture bmp scope bmp rx ready to receive scope bmp Bytes received 1152 BPS 562 Transfer complete mat thewamatthew laptop Figure 50 Screen capture in Linux S DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 34 XScopes User s Manual 8 XScope s Examples 8 1 Resistor Voltage Divider uo wm 1 Build the circuit shown on figure 51
37. l the logic inputs are not 5V tolerant If you need to connect 5V signals to the logic analyzer you could add a 3K resistor in series with the signal or use a 5V to 3 3V level converter chip Figure 40 shows the logic menus Logic Options 2 D R Den OC eps elmer Pull Resistor No pull resistor me meme ejm eme Figure 40 Logic Analyzer Menus 3 1 Input Selection A subset of the 8 digital signals can be selected Any digital signal can be enabled or disabled 3 2 Channel Position The selected digital channels can be moved up or down Only applicable if less than 8 digital signals are selected 3 3 Invert Channel All digital channels are inverted This setting also affects the protocol sniffer 3 4 Thick Logic 0 A thick line is drawn when the signal is at logic 0 This is useful to quickly differentiate a 0 from a 1 CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 23 XScopes User s Manual 3 5 Parallel Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the 8 bit digital input lines The hexadecimal number is shown below the last digital trace If all the 8 digital traces are enabled then there is no space to show the parallel decoding Figure 41 shows an example of the parallel decoding with 4 logic lines enabled 3 6 Serial Decoding Shows the hexadecimal value of the stream of bits on each channel The decoding starts at the first vertical cursor and ends at the second vertical cursor
38. lay to persistent Figure 65 shows an RLC circuit and figure 66 shows the frequency response Figure 66 Frequency plot This example shows the vertical scale with the LOG disabled FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 36 XScopes User s Manual 9 Firmware Updating a This guide will show how to upgrade the firmware on your AVR XMEGA based device There are two upgrade methods you can use either one depending on your needs 9 1 Firmware upgrade using an external programmer 9 1 1 Tools required e AVRISP mkll or similar PDI capable programmer e AVR Studio 4 or Atmel Studio 6 IDE Integrated Development Environment e HEX and EEP files for the device found on the product s page Look for the HEX icon A regular AVR programmer might not work the programmer needs to be PDI capable PDI is the new interface to program XMEGA microcontrollers 9 1 2 Instructions to install the tools e Install AVR Studio and USB driver e Connect the programmer to the computer and auto install the hardware A more detailed guide on how to install the tools is found here http www atmel com dyn resources prod_documents AVRISPmkll_UG pdf 9 1 3 Instructions to update the firmware 1 Start AVR Studio Connect the cable from the AVRISP to the PDI connector on the board Power the board pU Mem Press the Display the Connect dialog button um Alternatively you can go to this menu Tools Program AVR Connect Select your
39. nes of an SPI bus The SPI s MOSI pin decoding is done in hardware so it can decode data at high speed But the SPI s MISO pin decoding is implemented in software using bit banging so the maximum clock allowed will be limited The screen is split in two the left side is use for the MOSI line and the right side is used for the MISO line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line CV DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 25 XScopes User s Manual 4 Arbitrary Waveform Generator The XScope has an embedded arbitrary waveform generator The waveform generator output is independent from the data acquisition and is always running in the background You can adjust all the parameters of the waveform frequency amplitude offset and duty cycle You can sweep the frequency amplitude and duty cycle Figure 46 shows the AWG Menus mee o oense El mm Lila qe DES AWG Sweep Menu a mewo pe rmew leen Wave Type 2 Sweep Range Increase Speed AWG Sweep Range Sweep Frequency Select Range Sweep Amplitude Decrease range weep Duty Cycle Increase range Exponential Wave Waveform Type Adjust Amplitude Sweep Options Adjust Duty Cycle Custom Wave Adjust Frequency Adjust Offset Adjust Frequency Adjust Amplitude Adjust Duty Cycle Adjust Offset Amplitude Duty Cycle Decrease Frequency Decrease Amplitude ecrease Duty Cycle Decrea
40. nsfers on endpoint 1 for transferring data CH1 CH2 and CHD 256 bytes each BULK OUT transfers on endpoint 1 to write to the AWG RAM buffer and CONTROL READ transfers on endpoint 0 for changing and reading settings Handshaking None Table 8 Serial settings 6 2 Control data All the XScope s settings are stored in 43 bytes table 9 shows these variables section 6 2 1 describes the bitfield variables FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 28 XScopes User s Manual Name DataType Description Note 0 srate Unsigned 8bit_ Sampling Rate Range 0 21 8 us div to 5Os div 1 CHictrl BitField8bit_ Channel 1 controls 2 3 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2 Ch2ctr BR Held BR Channel 2 controls oS O it Field 8bit_ Logic Analyzer Optionst it Field 8bit Trigger control it Field 8bit Display Options it Field 8bit AWG Sweep Options it Field 8bit Sniffer Controls 3 S 3 Bi 4 CHmask Bit Field 8bit_ Logic enabled bits Selects which logic channels are displayed NN Bi E 8 Bi 7 Bi 08 oe MTS Bi 11 Status BitField8bit ScopeStatus 12 U 19 MET 15 16 EUN 18 it Field 8bit_ Cursor Options E BitField8bit FFT Options KE Bit Field 8bi E Unsigned 8bit CH2 Horizontal Cursor A Range 0 127 pixels Unsigned 8bit CH2 Horizontal Cursor B Range 0 127 pixels Unsigned 8bit Trigger Hold Range 0 255 0 to 255 milliseconds
41. o Bit O SCL to Bit 1 The XScope implements the I2C sniffing in a bit bang fashion The maximum tested clock frequency is 400kHz Standard I2C Fast Speed As the data is decoded the data in HEX will appear on the screen accompanied by a symbol When the Master initiates a read lt is an ACK and is a NACK When the Master initiates a write 2 is an ACK and is a NACK Subsequent data in the frame will be accompanied by for ACK or a for NACK There are 16 pages of data each page shows 64 bytes the total memory for the I2C sniffer is 1024 bytes Example communicating to a Sib70 Programmable oscillator 55 gt 07 Master initiates Write to slave 55 byte address 7 55 lt 054 42 Bot 04 79 9A Master initiates Read to slave 55 then reads 6 bytes 3 10 UART Sniffer Connect RX to Bit 2 TX to Bit 3 The XScope can decode both the TX and RX lines of the UART at the standard baud rates 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115200 The screen is split in two the left side is used for the RX line and the right side is used for the TX line Each side can show 40 bytes per page With 16 pages a total of 640 bytes can be stored for each decoded line nU di z os nM B Bi Hz BH A nZ OB Of 08 08 HIT EB Ci DT Os DE 08 uH Bu Bi H Hz B LH Figure 45 UART Sniffer screen 3 11 SPI Sniffer Connect the Select to Bit 4 MOSI to Bit 5 MISO to Bit 6 SCK to Bit 7 The XScope can decode both the MOSI and MISO li
42. ral leakage an FFT window function can be applied Four FFT window types are available e Rectangular No window applied e Hamming 0 53836 0 46164 COS FFTy e Hann 0 5 x COS C e Blackman 0 42 0 5 COS 0 08 CO E FFTwN m A LA LA Figure 34 Window and sine frequency response from left to right Rectangular Hamming Hann and Blackman FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 20 XScopes User s Manual 2 5 Cursors You can measure waveform data using cursors Cursors are horizontal and vertical markers that indicate X axis values usually time and Y axis values usually voltage on a selected waveform source The position of the cursors can be moved on the respective menu Figure 35 shows the cursor menus DEE DEE DN Reference Waveform DN Select cursor to move DEE s umen Figure 35 Cursor menus 2 5 1 Vertical Cursors CHL 1 28024 Time interval measurements are made with a pair of time markers The ir D ra oscilloscope automatically calculates the time difference between the two markers and displays the difference as a delta time Additionally the oscilloscope calculates the inverse of the delta time which is the frequency of the selected period 2 5 2 Horizontal Cursors Voltage measurements are made with a pair of voltage markers to determine 1 or 2 specific voltage points on a waveform The oscilloscope automatically calculates the voltage difference be
43. s It works by averaging the trace data with the new data The result is a more stable waveform displayed on the screen However using this setting only makes sense when the scope is properly triggered The Elastic trace computes this equation for every point in the trace OldTrace NewData 2 NewTrace UANI DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 18 XScopes User s Manual 2 4 1 3 XY Mode The XY mode changes the display from volts vs time display to volts vs volts You can use XY mode to compare frequency and phase relationships between two signals XY mode can also be used with transducers to display strain versus displacement flow versus pressure volts versus current or voltage versus frequency Lissajous figures can also be plotted using the XY Mode Component curves can also be plotted see section 8 5 When using the XY modes with a Slow Sampling rate activating the ROLL mode will display a continuous beam Figure 28 XY Mode 2 4 2 Meter Mode The XScope can function as a dual digital voltmeter The font used is bigger 10 midi CHi U CHE U 3 264 3 13 in meter mode to facilitate reading The available measurements in meter mode are Average Voltage DC Peak to Peak Voltage and Frequency A small trace of the analog signals is displayed below the measurements U F F FREQUENCY If there is more than 10mV of voltage in the VDC measurement Figure 29 Meter Mode with no signal recalibrate the dev
44. se Offset Increase Frequency ncrease Amplitude Increase Duty Cycle ncrease Offset Figure 46 AWG Menus When adjusting the parameters the K1 button serves as a shortcut key which sets predefined values T j When enabling the Sweep the waveform will be updated only on a screen refresh For a smooth sweep set the scope with a high speed sampling or stop the oscilloscope UANI DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 26 XScopes User s Manual 4 1 Predefined Waveforms Triangle Wave Exponential Table 7 The XScope can output the following waveforms Sine Square Triangle and Exponential There is a Periodic Noise option that fills the AWG buffer with random data it is periodic because the same data is output over and over but each time the Noise wave is selected new random data will be generated There is also a custom waveform which is initially set with an ECG wave but can be changed with the PC XScope Interface 4 2 Parameter Sweep The XScope has a SWEEP feature which increases one or more parameter values automatically on each screen refresh of the oscilloscope When the sweep is enabled three dots will appear at the bottom of the screen representing the start end and current sweep value When doing a Frequency sweep the frequency range is determined by the current time base Since the frequency sweep is synchronized with the oscilloscope displaying perfect frequency plots is easy To make a frequ
45. ted Frequency Counter FS DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 2 XScopes User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS USO o 7 Mide eje clon oo A IMP PACES SC HOMO lis m T TEUER HEN 8 eS BS eller el EE 9 kA TNS Re E 10 Re SON e lag leet le EE 1 joo PONG io NS EE 1 Era ee tele le 11 SUSE ES unitat 12 aaa en la TTT 12 2 Mixed Signal OSCIlIOSCODS EEN 13 Ao roo 9 HN m EET IU UT M 13 ZH MEE TS TSS cc 13 Zn MBegsiesBB ielc ET 13 E e a ean eT a ee m dada 13 PAM MEE S E e GE 13 GR T ne e Selle EE 14 2 2 Birele 483101991 C 14 II A A E E O 14 AA A a O O 14 Da E Ta 4279 A A 14 2v TENOR Re a A A ai 14 2 HIE 15 2 3 1 MAS EE 15 23 2 les L ee 16 VA ES MOTE ONC EE 17 E POSSI MAD 17 S Y DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 3 XScopes User s Manual ye MITE as oU OPER risa alitas 17 2 2 ee 18 2 4 1 Q CIO COPS ee Crenn a O 18 DAN lee 18 EI E degt lee e 18 Mi gt A MOOG E 19 ee 19 2 4 2 1 Frequency Meadas US EE 19 LA PECHINA e a AAA SAA A 20 ZAS AQ SG MR MEET TU UT 20 DA Os MOC OMIM aa SO uri iii 20 Pa o OR JM ge S E 20 LI co UE 21 2a a lt 1 d Tea Ee 21 LIZ MOUZO giro ee 21 29 9 AVOM CUISO EE 21 254A I Hn eie HONZOMT GN CIS OIG mr T E 21 ele e Ke EE 21 REI e e Kn lte ii is 22 2 6 POIS DIS e 22 202 NS A els T 22 LO NOW EOS p Ula L E TM 22 PE Ga EE 22 ZO O A AEE E A T SA 22 ZO INE DI OOV eaen E UT 22 3 Logic Andiyzer and Protocol Sniller
46. tween the two markers and displays the difference as a delta voltage value 2 5 3 Automatic Cursors The device will try to automatically make measurements on the waveform Figure 37 Horizontal Cursors e Vertical Cursors The device will try find a full or half cycle of the selected waveform If both CH1 and CH2 are enabled the channel with the most amplitude will be used e Horizontal Cursor The selected horizontal cursor will be set with the maximum and minimum points of the waveform 2 5 4 Track Horizontal Cursors The location of the horizontal cursor will track the signal located on the vertical cursor 2 5 5 Reference Waveform A snapshot is taken of the analog waveforms to be used as reference waveforms The reference waveforms are stored in non volatile memory UANI DS XScopes 2 2 September 2012 Page 21 XScopes User s Manual 2 6 Display Settings These menus control various characteristics of the display Figure 38 show the display menus Display Menu More Display Options wenn lassen nvert Display Figure 38 Display menus 2 6 1 Persistent Display When the persistent display is enabled the waveform traces are not erased The persistent display is useful as a simple data logger or to catch glitches in the waveform The persistent mode can also be used to make frequency plots in combination with the AWG frequency sweep 2 6 2 Line Pixel Display This menu item selects the drawing m
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