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The Computer and Its Operating System Environment

1. Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment a Right click the text and select Pin to the start menu The program now appears in the top left pane of the Start menu it can be accessed more easily from this location than by going through several layers Use this feature for programs used regularly but not daily Some users like to control the All Programs menu so that it does not become too unwieldy Doing so requires thinking about how to organize the programs into appropriate categories and having administration rights on the computer Here is one suggestion Place all like programs together For example create a folder called Multimedia and place all multimedia programs in that folder Create a Utilities folder and place all utilities in that folder How to organize the All Programs menu on the Start menu 1 Right click on the All Programs option Click Open On the new window double click the Programs Folder mB WO N Click the Start menu Create a new folder and move programs into the new folder For example create a folder called browsers Now drag and drop all your browser appli cations into the Browser folder Assignments ASSIGNMENT 1 Where Do I Start with Organizing My Desktop E Directions 1 3 4 First think about how you work and what tools you want to have at your fingertips on the desktop You
2. Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION chapter The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Objectives www Describe the Windows operating system environment Perform the boot process Explain graphical user interfaces Describe operating system trends in end user design and functions Start Windows and log off from Windows Manipulate windows and manage the desktop Identify the basic concepts underlying file and disk management including file naming conventions NO oR WON Introduction Every computer and mobile device relies on an operating system to func tion Computers without a functioning operating system OS are just pieces of hardware with the exception of simple single purpose computers like those that control microwave ovens Many operating systems are available for different types of computers Here are just a few examples Microsoft Windows Mac OS for Apple computers iOS for Apple s iPads Android OS from Google running on multiple mobile devices like the Kindle Fire Nook and Nexus tablets Windows RT and 8 Pro for Microsofts Surface tablet a a m UNIX Linux for workstations and larger computers m E 115 K 2 lt 2 lt v N p 3 wm d oo x o Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 116 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment This ch
3. To create the folder Point to a blank area of the desktop or the open storage device window Click the right mouse button A shortcut menu appears Click the menu item New Another shortcut menu appears BOND Click the menu item Folder A new folder appears on the desktop or in the storage device window The folder name is highlighted 5 Type a name for the folder and press Enter The folder now has the new name NOTE When a storage device is displayed in the Computer or Documents window you can create a new folder by clicking the New Folder _ New folder button on the toolbar and typing the name of the folder When the menu option is present select File New Folder from the menu In addition some applications include the New Folder button on a toolbar in the Save As dialog box Use this same process to place folders within folders subfolders and further organize your work Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Folders and Files Naming Folders and Files All folders and files have names Generally folder names reflect the essence of the files to be stored in them For example the project name mHealth In the mHealth folder might be subfolders titled Policies Minutes References Plan and so forth Folders do not take on a delimiter or extension There are three parts to the file nomenclature the file name a delimiter and a file extension For example in My Smiley
4. Find a JPG file on the hard drive Click the Start button Type jpg in the search box and press Enter b Copy two of the files found that have a jpg extension to the Chapter 3 Assignment 2 folder 3 Create data files in the Chapter 3 Assignment 2 folder a Create a Word file named ANA Newsletter June2013 b Create an Excel file named Unit 5 Budget 2014 c Create a PowerPoint file named Health Habits for one of your courses 4 Move files to the correct folders Create any new folders that you believe are needed to complete this step 5 Rename a file Rename the Health Habits file to My Nutrition100 Presentation 6 Zip the Chapter 3 Assignment2 folder and submit to your professor according to the directions provide ASSIGNMENT 3 How Do I Organize Myself E Directions 1 Develop an appropriate structure for storing your work this semester Include folders representing the courses you are taking this semester as well as a few subfolders representing the work of each course You may also complete this exercise using your personal or work environment 2 Create your structure on your USB storage device under a folder with your last name K 9 lt v o lt ts gt N i 3 N o x o lt i a N N gt 2d i 5 D Z 178 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER 3 The Computer a
5. Press the Tab key again while still holding down the Alt key l Release the Tab and Alt keys What happened m Why might you want to switch between windows n Click the Close buttons to close all open windows EXERCISE 2 How Do I Manage Folders and Files Objectives 1 Create folders and files 2 Move copy and rename folders and files 3 Delete files and folders 4 Empty the Recycle Bin E Activity In this exercise the term USB storage device refers to the flash drive You may use any removable storage device for this activity 1 Create a folder and subfolders on a removable storage device a Open the Computer window b Double click the USB storage device icon It should be labeled Remov able Disk or USB Disk or some other label if you added a label to the drive plus a letter such as G H I and so forth depending on the config uration of your computer Alternatively use your removable hard drive pej 9 lt v o lt GJ N i 3 N oo xy o lt i a i 1 N gt m i D i Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 168 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment 1 Click New Folder Alternatively follow steps 1 3 Shore Shred Cittk New gt New E Folde i Desttop topes Storrs h Oowntoeds R Micsosclt Access Ostabae ar Dats 1
6. Right click pan blank area of this adipem window My Videos BD Srei Gares i 4 Comprened tipped Folder Figure 3 25 Creating a Folder c Click the New Folder New folder option on the toolbar Alternatively you may right click a blank area of the device window select New Folder d Type your current Semester Year for example Fall 2014 in the text box that appears and then press Enter e Double click the Semester Year folder f Repeat the process in the Semester Year folder and create the following subfolders ENGL101 COMP101 CHEM111 PSYC100 and BIOL101 You may substitute your real courses for these subfolders g If the professor wants to see your work submit the removable storage device or open the Computer Class folder displaying the subfolders click Print Screen open Word type your name and press Ctrl to paste the print screen image into the Word document Print the Word file and submit it The results should look like Figure 3 26 2 Create files empty files and files created in a document a Open the Semester Year folder b Right click a blank area of the Semester Year folder Select New Excel Worksheet c Type MyBudget2014 2015 and then press Enter Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Exercises 169 Removable Devices with Folder FALL 2013 ieee amp Computer KINGSTON E FALL 2013 gt l s Organize Share with gt Bum New folde
7. The title bar contains the file or folder name and the program name It may also include a path to a file or homepage in a browser window In Office 2010 one can also pin commands to the Quick Access Toolbar on the left of the title bar On the far right of the title bar are the window control but tons that minimize maximize and close the window Some programs may also include a search box on the far right of the title bar Use the title bar to move drag the window to another location on the desktop In some newer versions of software like browsers and MS Office 2010 Tabs are used instead of menu bars They are part of the ribbon in Office 2010 They func tion just like menu bars as they give the user access to commands Later application chapters describe Tabs more fully If the window has a menu bar it contains names of available commands see Figure 3 14 Use the menu or horizontal bar with words on it to obtain additional drop down options For example clicking File brings up such choices as New Open Create shortcut Delete Rename Properties and Close depending on the open program Any command not available at this time appears dimmed To display the menu bar if it is not showing Right click the toolbar click Menu bar box to place an X there Alternatively you can select Tools option down arrow on the toolbar click Toolbars and then click to place an X next to menu bar Jones amp Bartlett Learnin
8. Double click the Semester Year folder created earlier pej 9 lt v o tS N 3 wm e So oo x o Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 170 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment KAA gt Computer KINGSTON E gt FALL 2013 M Organize 7 Share with 7 Burn New folder E hy Favorites os Name Date modified jm Links J BIOL101 1 21 2013 10 41 4 F My Documents J CHEM111 1 21 2013 10 41 D My Music COMP101 1 21 2013 10 41 Z My Pictures J ENGL101 1 21 2013 10 40 fg My Videos J PSYC100 1 21 2013 10 41 F Saved Games L 7 MyBudget2013 2014 1 21 2013 10 51 A WordPad Joos 1 21 2013 11 06 Z ME Gomputer m Joos Assignment1 1 21 2013 11 08 pto al Disk F Joos Presentation1 1 21 2013 11 08 amp DVD RW Drive D sa eee Figure 3 27 Files in Semester Year Folder Click the YourName Presentation1 file Select Organize from the toolbar and then Copy from the menu Open the PSYC100 folder Select Organize from the toolbar and then Paste from the menu A copy of the YourName Presentation1 file is now in the Computer Class folder Canam a Alternately you can right click the file select copy from the menu open the folder to which you intend to copy it and click paste Copy a file using the drag and drop method a Open the USB storage device window if necessary
9. Network 4 Devices with Removable Storage 2 R Brian me OSCN1067 I Control P w amp Computer me DSCN1068 Rede vin Removabl DVD RW Drive D amp Local Disk C me OSCN1069 E 6th edtton Storage Rii DVD RW Drive D ime OSCN1070 uae Devices ocne o aR OA BE x parie das OSON free o n i mu Kaen 1 82 GB f 188 GB J BBQ pics drive with DSCN1072 pu Jl Chapter 4 list of mm DSCN1073 Jl Chapter 10 ISt O E DSCN1074 Jl fishing folders oscn1075 IL Other Wedding Pics d Figure 3 19 Computer Window without Folder Expanded and with Folder Expanded Root Level The root is the top level on which the folders reside This level stores files the computer needs to access at startup A general rule is that a folder or file listing of the root level should not occupy more than one screen s worth of information Folders Folders organize programs and data files Before cre ating them think about the nature of the work and the programs it requires Most software programs automatically make a directory for their program files during the installation process Be careful to ensure that these directories fit the organizational structure of the work world Customize them during installation if necessary A main folder might be the name of the project in your case the name of your school Subfolders Subfolders are contained within other folders They provide further division or structure to the organiza tion of files Staying with the abo
10. One needs many of these same skills for using the mobile operating system environment that relies more on apps and touch screens Starting the Computer The Boot Process The boot process refers to turning on the computer or using the restart button if the computer has one and initiating a series of actions A cold boot is turning on a computer that one has turned or powered off A warm boot is the process of restarting a computer that is already on in one of two ways 1 Press the Ctrl Alt Del keys together and then select the Shut down options button down arrow on the lower right side of the screen 2 Click the Start button Shut down arrow Shutdown gt f and click the Restart option on the menu See Figure 3 1 for these two examples Some computers may have other options for a warm boot depending on the edition and settings of that OS Use a warm boot when you are installing new software or when the computer stops responding Some school computers use the Ctrl Alt Del option to wake up the computer for you to login When you click the Start button you may see Log off or Shut down BEEE f depending on the configuration of the OS 117 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 118 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Log off Lock Restart lt Click restart rep third Click arrow second Click Start button first amp Windows 7 Home Premiu Click
11. Updates and Patches All software programs whether programs such as Word operating systems such as Windows or device drivers for printers monitor and other hardware such as the computer itself involve periodic upgrades or patches Updates are generally enhancements to the software that provide additional features or func tions whereas patches are generally fixes for problems discovered in the software after its original release Many of these patches focus on fixing security prob lems inherent in the software that might make the user s computer vulnerable to hackers and viruses The first thing that you should do after installing a soft ware program is to check for updates and patches Then every so often you need to check for new updates and patches Some people make these checks once a month while others check for updates and patches more frequently others con figure the program to check for such items automatically Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION In Windows 7 the Start menu contains an option Windows Update that is either on the main menu or under All Programs Clicking this option takes the user to Microsoft s Web site Follow the directions for updating the Microsoft pro grams on the computer After Microsoft scans the computer it presents a list of updates or patches These items are generally divided into Critical Updates Win dows 7 and Driver Updates and so forth Some are labeled no
12. blank area of the desktop A shortcut menu appears 2 From the shortcut menu select Personalize The screen shown in Figure 3 10 appears 3 Click the Desktop Background or Window Color options 4 Select a background or window color from the presented options 5 When satisfied with your choice click Save changes and close the Person alize window A user can also change the desktop from the Control Panel To access the Con trol Panel select the Start button on the taskbar the Control Panel option and Personalization B personalization Again Figure 3 10 shows the available choices NOTE The Control Panel is the same place to alter the appearance of the mouse pointer to add sounds and to add screen savers Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing the Desktop 131 Change the visuals and sounds on your computer Click a theme to change the desktop background window color sounds and screen saver all at once Select a Theme Get more themes online X a Me dt at a gt United States Basic and High Contrast Themes 6 Taskbar and Start Menu Desktop Background Ease of Access Center Select a Desktop Select a Color Select a Background Scheme Screen Saver Figure 3 10 Changing the Window Color and Appearance Desktop nd theme Moving Objects on the Desktop Windows provides an option to change the location of any object on the desktop The taskbar can be locate
13. iar iol iv Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 164 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment _ _ 11 Click Down Arrow option and Select 3D Text Screen saver BD Tet lt setings Preview Wait 20 minutes 7 On resume display logon screen Power managemer 2 Oet minutes to activate to 20 Conserve energy or maximize performance by adjusting display brightness and other power settings ick OK 3 ClickApply Figure 3 22 Steps to Activate or Change a 3 Add a gadget to the desktop see Figure 3 23 a Right click a blank area of the desktop b Click the Gadgets 8 Gadgets icon c Double click the Weather gadget It now appears on the desktop d Click the Gadget and then the Options button e Complete the dialog box for your city NOTE Be cautious with using gadgets there are some malicious ones out there Use only ones from a trusted source The Weather gadget is from Microsoft s Web site 4 Move and arrange objects on the desktop a Drag the Weather Gadget to the top left of the desktop b Drag the Recycle Bin icon KM to the lower left side of the desktop c Right click a blank area of the desktop Click Sort by and then select Name d What happened to the icons lt i a i 1 N gt m i CS D i Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NO
14. is the notification area It contains programs that usually run in the back ground and need only occasional user input Examples of these types of programs are antivirus programs the battery charge indicator the Safely Remove Hardware utility the Internet access signal strength and the volume control If the mouse controlled pointer pauses over one of these icons the function or name of that icon appears Periodically a small pop up window will notify you of an action you should take or consider e g Your virus pro tection software needs to be updated See Figure 3 9 The date and time along with the Show Desktop button are to the far right on the taskbar Pinned and Open Areas Taskbar x Pal Presentation ppt ON M FN Pinned Items Open Window Figure 3 8 Open and Area O Abyat Ledi Ng Notification Area of Taskbar AY A yd Ty all D A A Antivirus Internet Access Strength Safely Eject Hardware amp Media Figure 3 9 Notification Area of Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing the Desktop 129 Pointer Shapes As mentioned earlier pointer or cursor shapes may change while the user is working in the Windows environment When the pointer changes shape the computer expects to complete certain operations and responds accordingly The ready arrow means that the computer is waiting R for commands Use it to select objects double click objects
15. medium has enough space to hold the files Another solution is to use an online backup service Several companies e g myPCBackup com JustCloud com and Backup Genie now offer backup services for a small monthly fee Although this approach might sound like a great solu tion it has some drawbacks Some services discourage users from backing up certain types of files such as MP3 files music and others limit how frequently the backups can occur Some do not have easy to use interfaces This approach requires a high speed Internet connection trust in the security of the servers used for backup and trust that the company will not go out of business or not secure your data Each user must find a solution for backing up critical data that works for him or her Creating Shortcuts Shortcuts can save time when you work in the Windows environment Instead of forcing you to work with the Computer feature to try to find files folders or programs shortcuts provide access to frequently used items on the desktop Files folders application programs and storage devices can all have shortcuts Recall that a shortcut is a pointer to an object it tells the computer where to find the object but is not the actual object Double clicking the shortcut opens the object that the shortcut points to 157 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 158 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment The gener
16. must have at least one shortcut one icon like Computer two folders and two files Alternatively you can create the fol lowing objects on the desktop Refer to the appropriate chapter discussions if you cannot remember how to create these objects a Shortcuts to the Printer and to the Documents folder b A folder for information about your upcoming vacation including pic tures when you come back from vacation c A Word file named FileManagement d Computer icon on the desktop Next rearrange the desktop placing the taskbar on the right next to it the folders and next to the folders the file Place the icon on the left side of the window with the shortcuts to the right of the icons Add a desktop background of your choice Select a screen saver Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Assignments 177 5 Use the Print Screen button or the Snipping tool to capture these changes open WordPad and place them in the document 6 Save the file as Chap3 Assignl LastName and submit to the professor according to the directions provided 7 Restore the desktop and close all open windows ASSIGNMENT 2 Do I Understand Working with Files and Folders E Directions 1 Create folders a Create a folder on your USB storage device named Chapter 3 Assignment 2 b Open the folder and create a Graphics folder a Library folder a Course folder and a Newsletter folder 2 Find and copy files a
17. program in its own subfolder within the Utility folder For example Norton AntiVirus Norton Utilities and WinZip would each have a subfolder in the Utility folder 4 Create folders for storing data files Never store data files on the root as this structure means that they will get mixed up with essential computer files Instead create a Data folder off the root This will make it easy to back up your files In the Data folder create subfolders for each user on the system Let each user then create the appropriate subfolders in his or her Data folder While the hard drive contains Documents Pictures Music and Games folders under a user account most people prefer to create their own structure On a networked computer these folders are automatically created under the user s name Computer labs or public spaces may enforce a different scheme 5 Create a Graphic Library folder off the root or in the Data folder for storing graphic images The Graphic Library folder could contain subfolders rep resenting graphic file formats or categories For example you might create subfolders to hold JPG and GIF graphic files or subfolders called Pets Cities and Computers Some users also create a subfolder to hold photo graphs as many users exchange pictures of family and friends 6 Use appropriate folder names No two folders in the same level can have the same name but subfolders within different folders can have the same name Jones amp Ba
18. right click objects drag objects or choose menu or icon commands Ji Use the I beam to insert text It appears when the user pauses over a text field along with the insertion point blinking vertical bar Any text entered will be inserted at the location of the vertical bar or insertion point not the I beam location which could be over any text field Window sizing pointers appear when the cursor is NZ over a window border There are four versions left right up down left slanted and right slanted Left right arrows widen the window Up down arrows lengthen the window Slanted arrows can widen and lengthen the window simultaneously oO or gt lt The moving circle or hourglass indicates that the com puter is processing and cannot execute any further commands until it finishes processing Wait Do not type or click the mouse button until the hourglass dis appears If you click anything before the ready arrow appears the computer may freeze stop working or crash The hand means that the mouse pointer is over a h linked object or linked text Clicking the text or object will bring more information from this site or take you to another site Use the hand pointer to obtain addi tional information S When the mouse pointer looks like this the attempted action is not available This is the forbidden cursor shape Additional pointer shapes will be discussed in appropriate application sections elsewhere Jones am
19. the Library folder that talks about file naming conventions and their importance Direct the committee members to review these before the discussions and vote 6 Develop two sample naming convention schemes for the committee to vote on K 9 lt v o lt GJ gt N i 3 N o iol o lt i i pe N gt m i CS D i Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 174 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Folder Subfolder NURS100 GRNG510 for each course Getting Started Subfolder for ISTC2009 course Figure 3 29 Example Organization of Folders E Activity B 1 NO oO A As a student just starting in your nursing program you decide to organize your electronic files for easy access throughout your program of studies You also want to give some thought to naming your files so you may retrieve them easily In your senior year you will need to submit an e portfolio as part of your graduation requirements You know you will have the following types of information courses finance admissions general college information health library etc You also know you will be creating electronic files as part of your course work Develop a structure for your time in school Decide on file naming conven tion for your work Share this scheme with your class
20. the storage device Select Properties and the Tools tab Click the Check now button in the error checking part of the screen see Figure 3 21 6 Place a check in the Automatically fix file system errors and scan for and 0O amp automatically repair bad sectors squares and then click the Start button The last file management program discussed here is the Defragmentation utility This program consolidates fragmented files and folders on the storage device so that each one is stored in a contiguous space This consolidated struc ture provides for performance improvements in accessing files and folders Once again all programs must be closed before this utility is run as this program checks and moves data This tool should be run about two times per month or more often if a user loads and deletes programs frequently To access the Defragmentation utility Close all files Open Computer Right click the storage device Select Properties and then select the Tools tab Click the Defragment Now button in the Defragmentation part of the screen see Figure 3 21 A message appears stating either that your file mB OND system is fine and does not need to be defragmented now or that it is not okay and needs to be defragmented now 6 Click OK if the system doesn t need attention or click the Defragment Now button to begin the defragmentation process J Select the drives to defragment and click OK Applying
21. the taskbar lt 4 Repeat Step 3 to add icons for other frequently used Microsoft Office pro grams to the Quick Launch area How to alter the Start menu 1 Right click the Start button and click Properties 2 Click the Start menu tab in the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog box If you do not like the new look you can change it to an old look 3 Click the Customize button next to the Start menu option as Click to increase the number shown on the Start menu to 10 5 Scroll down until you see Use large icons Click to remove the check mark next to this option 6 Click OK and then Apply 7 Click OK to apply the changes Look at the changes to the Start menu You should see small icons and a list of 10 applications HINT Notice the Privacy area in the Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog box If you do not want someone to see which programs were recently accessed on the computer or which files were recently opened remove the check marks next to these options Also review the Notification area in the Taskbar tab which can be customized to change what it hides or what it shows How to pin an item to the Start Menu 1 Find MS Office OneNote in the All Programs menu If you do not have this program use another one i 9 lt v o lt ts gt N i 3 N o o lt i a N 1 N gt m i 5 D i 176
22. well the user logs into his or her account On personal computers the user may or may not need to log in depending on the configuration of the oper ating system The desktop now appears Understanding the boot process makes problem solving easier when some thing goes wrong during this process If you press the On button and nothing happens the computer may have been unplugged or the battery may be dead Without a power source to initiate the startup process the computer can do nothing Note that many tablets go to sleep but stay on thus making it quicker to start using the device However you will need to know the specific steps to wake the computer This information is provided later in this chapter Graphical User Interface GUI Windows Macintosh OS and mobile devices use GUIs as the means for the user to interact with the operating system Figure 3 2 shows a typical Windows desktop with its graphical interface Your desktop may have all or few of the items shown in Figure 3 2 as individuals and companies often customize the GUI Your mobile device may have many or a few icons visible and generally requires you to swipe to reveal more options The focus of this chapter is the Windows operating system and some features common to both the Windows and Mac operating systems This chapter does not cover mobile device operating systems Desktop The desktop is the area on the screen that displays the icons folders files and taskba
23. without a managed network Solutions to this dilemma might include use of a second hard drive installed internally or use of an external removable hard drive With this approach the user must remember to perform regular backups set the timing for automated backups through the Windows Backup Wizard or use software such as NovaBACKUP or DT Utilities PC Backup to automate the Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Disk Management Concepts backup process Automating the backup process requires that you leave the com puter on This approach however does not solve the issue unless you store the backup files in a different place from the originals Some experts suggest having a third backup that you regularly place in a safety deposit box or off site in a secured place To backup your files in Windows 7 Click the Start button Click Control Panel Click System and Maintenance option Click Backup and Restore If you have never used Windows Backup click Set up backup and follow mRPWON the Wizard steps If you used it before click Back up now and follow the directions NOTE Backed up files need to be restored should you need to access them Alternatively you can right click the hard drive in Computer window select Properties from the shortcut menu click the Tools tab click the Backup now button and follow the directions in the Backup Wizard to set up the backup Make sure the backup
24. FP W NY Switch between windows E Activity If necessary make sure to turn on the computer and log on You may also need to turn on the monitor 1 Look at your desktop and answer these questions but first press the Print Screen button to capture your desktop Open Word and press Ctrl V to paste the screen shot in the word document Place your answers to these questions after the screen shot a How many icons are on the desktop Describe what each one does b How many shortcuts are on the desktop What do they do What hap pens if I delete a shortcut c How many folders are on the desktop What is the function of these folders d How many files are on the desktop What type of file is each one f How many gadgets are on the desktop Which ones g Is the taskbar displayed by default or is it hidden and shows when you place your cursor over it h What items are on the taskbar Right click an empty space on the taskbar Is it locked 2 Apply a screen saver a Right click a blank area of the desktop Choose Personalize from the shortcut menu Click the Screen Saver option on the bottom right of the window Click the screen saver down arrow and select 3D Text o a oc Set the amount of time to wait before activating the screen saver to 20 minutes aun Click Apply and then OK Figure 3 22 shows the screen saver dialog box pej K 9 lt v o lt tS gt gt N i 3 N
25. Face jpg the file name is My Smiley Face the delimiter is a dot period and the file extension is jpg File Name In the preceding example the portion to the left of the period My Smiley Face is the file name File names may include letters numbers or certain special charac ters up to a maximum of 255 characters Legal charac ters are letters of the alphabet A Z digits 0 9 and all of the special characters except these lt gt lt and Although Windows permits the use of blank spaces between the characters of the file name to make the file name more readable and understandable use blanks with caution Some programs cannot handle file names with spaces or names longer than eight charac ters File names are not case sensitive You may type them in all lowercase a combination of uppercase and lowercase or all uppercase Use a unique file name for each file there can be no duplicate file names in the same folder Delimiter The delimiter is the period that separates the file name from the extension Its inclusion is optional users do not need to use the delimiter unless they are typing an extension to the file name Extension The portion of the file identifier found to the right of the delimiter is the extension Extensions indicate the nature of the file and its associated application For example docx is the extension attached to files cre ated with Word 2010 In most cases th
26. PTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment 2 Go to the new location and click there 3 Select Organize from toolbar Paste from the menu or Edit Paste from the menu bar To move one file using drag and drop 1 Select the file 2 Drag the file to its new location 3 Release the mouse button NOTE This method works only when the file is going from one folder on a storage device to a different one on the same storage device Both the file and the destination must be visible If the file is to be moved from one storage device to another storage device follow these directions 1 Right drag the file to its new location 2 Release the mouse button 3 Select Move here from the shortcut menu To move one file using the shortcut menu 1 Select the file 2 Right click the file 3 Select Cut 4 Go to the new location 5 Right click in the new location 6 Click Paste To move adjacent files 1 Click the first file in the group 2 Hold down the Shift key 3 Click the last file in the group 4 Release the Shift key 5 Follow any of the first three sets of directions after all files to be moved have been selected To move nonadjacent files 1 Hold down the Ctrl key 2 Click each file to be moved Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Folders and Files 3 Release the Ctrl key 4 Follow any of the first three sets of directions after all fil
27. T FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Exercises 165 x 2 Click the Gadget il Some gadgets access the Internet For more information see the privacy statement online 3 Click the Options button wert Weave Meda 1 Double click Weather Iwris aan Ius amp E NAIA AFE Re eee ee er I I et NA d lann Drag the Internet Explorer icon to the upper right side of the desktop Drag the Weather Gadget to the upper right side of the desktop Right click a blank area of the desktop Select View Align to Grid What happened Drag the taskbar to the top of the screen og ch oO pi 0 e j Rearrange the desktop so the taskbar is back on the bottom the icons are in a column on the left going from top to bottom the shortcuts to the second column on the left folders on the last column on the right and files to the left of the folders HINT If the icons snap back into place right click a blank area of the desktop select View and then select Auto Arrange This series of actions removes the check mark next to the Auto Arrange feature and permits you to move the icons If the taskbar doesn t move right click the taskbar and select Lock the Taskbar to remove the check mark 5 Change the desktop background a Right click a blank area of the desktop and click Personalize Click the Desktop background option Scroll to Landscapes and click a landscape appropriate for the season Click the Save Changes button and the
28. ag and drop method a Drag the YourName Presentation2 file on top the PSYC101 folder b What happened Why c Drag the MyBudget2015 2016 file into the COMP101 folder You now decide they don t belong in the COMP101 folder e Create a Budget folder in the Semester Year folder f Open the COMP101 and Budget folders They should look like Figure 3 28 g Select both files in the COMP101 folder and drag to the Budget folder The default Copy or Move command can be overridden by right dragging the file or folder and selecting the appropriate command You can also use the Orga nize menu and select the correct command a FALL 2013 COMP101 4 Search CO P e9 le KINGSTON E FALL 2013 Budget Print Burn New folder gz C Organize pofiit ede E OK A fg My Videos Name a P Saved Games Z1 My Budget 2013 2014 2 candice This folder is empty 4 MyBudget2014 2015 3 q amp Computer a amp Local Disk C 5 amp DVD RW Drive D I i s T lt KINGSTON E F FALL 2013 2 BIOL101 10 Budget 11 CHEM111 v 4 Ses Pa ee i D l COMP101 7 A elected Date modified 1 21 2013 10 50 AM 0 items Tags Add a tag Add a title Categories Add a category Brian Content status Add text 17 0 KB Figure 3 28 Dragging Between Two Open Windows pej 9 lt So lt EJ N 3 N e oo x o Jones a
29. ain a title bar menu bar one or more toolbars an address bar tabs and a status bar Office 2010 displays the title bar and ribbon along with a status bar If the window is too small to display all of the contents the window will also contain scroll bars Additional window con trols include those that close maximize minimize and restore windows More information on this is found in the application chapters Even though applications have their own look the GUI provides the user with a consistent feel and easy to use commands The common features and looks enable the user to adjust quickly to other applications and to move between appli cations easily Managing the Desktop NOTE You may not have permission to alter the desktop or taskbar in the clinical environ ment and school labs Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing the Desktop 125 This section discusses the layout of the desktop and explains how to manage the desktop in Windows 7 The desktop is the main window visible after logging on to the computer Most workers enjoy arranging their desks in a specific way that makes them more comfortable and productive in their work environment they also add personal items to their desks The computer desktop can mimic an individual s personal desktop by permitting each user to customize the desktop if she he desires When programs open they run on top of the desktop To display the desktop wit
30. al rule for using shortcuts is to create them for frequently used objects or as reminders to complete a task Many people create shortcuts to their data files the printer Internet Explorer and selected applications Do not create shortcuts to infrequently used items or your desktop will rapidly become overly cluttered In some cases it might make more sense to pin the application to the Taskbar or Start menu A small curved arrow in the lower left corner of an icon denotes that the icon is a shortcut See Figure 3 2 Because it is simply a pointer to an actual object deleting the shortcut deletes just the shortcut not the actual object to which it is pointing To create a shortcut on the desktop 1 Find the executable file to which the shortcut will point An executable file is one that starts the application For example Word s executable file is win word exe 2 Right click the executable file 4 Select Send to 5 Click Desktop create shortcut option In addition some items on the start menu may have the option to Send to Desktop shortcut by right clicking the object clicking Send to and then selecting Desktop Create Shortcut For example the objects Documents Pic tures Computer and Network Places from the right side of the Start button menu can be placed on the desktop using the Send to option Some people also place shortcuts to frequently used applications on the Quick Launch area of the taskbar to keep their desk
31. and folders on the storage device to another USB storage device to a CD or DVD to your network file server space to your second hard drive or external hard drive and or to the cloud Note here that this guidance applies to your personal data the rules may be different for confidential data in a hospital set ting where no removable storage devices may be allowed For using the cloud for storage follow the directions provided by that service One advantage of the cloud is that most of them have an option to synchronize the file copy function from your device s to the cloud automatically Disadvantages may be the limited space available for free file storage and the potential security privacy issues To copy a USB storage device or external portable hard drive 1 Double click the storage device in the Computer window 2 Select all files and folders on the device Ctrl A or select only those files and folders to which changes were made 3 Either right click the selection select Copy go to the backup location and right click to select Paste or drag the selection to the backup location 4 Repeat Step 3 as needed to back up the files When backing up files and folders to the same place the second time you will be prompted to replace the existing files on the backup storage device Select the Copy and replace option NOTE If you are copying files and folders to a new CD DVD insert the disc into the write able drive select the Burn
32. apter describes the operating system environment that many personal computers PCs and laptops use in the educational and healthcare arena Micro soft Windows Every three to four years Microsoft and Apple issue a new operating system or updated version thereof making modifications to that OS as per users needs changes in technologies and changes in the computer world For example the movement now is with mobile devices with increasing functionality and the next wave may be ubiquitous computing All operating systems give users the ability to manage the operating system environment and the user s own files and folders With each version of the operating system Microsoft and Apple add more func tionality but learning the basic concepts will help in adjusting to the new looks and functionality of each new version The next Microsoft operating system after XP was Vista which had a short life span Following Vista was Windows 7 This version included a redesigned taskbar that closely resembles Apple s Dock a new version of Internet Explorer a new Windows Media Center and Windows Media Player revised interfaces in Paint and WordPad improved wireless support pervasive touch screen support and the removal of the side bar Microsoft released the newer operating system ver sion Windows 8 in late 2012 and only time will tell if it is a success or goes the way of Vista Note that most operating system versions are no longer supported or updat
33. ard Disk Drives 2 Disconnect network drive is Copy iM Computer Open Sync Center Paste Local Disk C n Drives 2 i jose Undo 5 E LSet OP cal Disk C R 729 GB free of 906 GB Redo gt ia anal Local Disk F J Course Technology MM 729 GB free of 906 GB elect a 2 gt Data 2 y IL Layout rfa 410GB free of 465 GB Local Disk F Folder and search opti ii Eamview a o 4 Devices with Removab 1 No previgwiavailable L HP Universal Print Driver WY 410 GB free of 465 GB i ew Delete a o pre Renami g Intel 4 Devices with Removab 1 Remove properti eB DVD RW Dive gt J PerfLogs n Properties I Program Files vad DVD RW Drive D Close Program Files x86 Sa Program 20Files ola Searches Templ hd m mee I Temp vK m gt Local Disk C File system NTFS z Local Disk Local Disk C File system NTFS Space used B Local Disk a Space free 729 GB Space used BEEE A A _7 Total size 906 GB Space free 729 GB o N Total size 906 GB Figure 3 24 Changing Folder Options g Click Display Notice how you have multiple windows open h Move the Computer window so that the Control Panel window is visible i Click anywhere in the Control Panel window j Hold down the Alt key and press the Tab key This brings up a window for switching between open applications Use this feature to toggle between open windows k
34. arrow second Figure 3 1 Warm Reboot Power On Self Test POST When you boot the computer the power supply sends an electrical signal to the processor causing it to reset itself and find the basic input and output system BIOS instructions on the read only memory ROM chip The BIOS performs a power on self test POST which analyzes the buses clock memory drives and ports to make sure that all of the hardware is working properly The system com pares the results of this test with data stored in the complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS chip System Files and Kernel Upon completion of the POST test the software loaded in ROM activates the computer s disk drives and looks for a bootable sector of a disk the part of the Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The Operating System Environment disk containing a program that loads the system files into memory bootstrap loader Generally this activity involves checking the hard drive Once found the system files are loaded into memory This central module of the operating system called the kernel is the part of the operating system that loads first and remains in memory as long as the computer is on The operating system in memory is now in control of monitoring system resources This startup procedure runs very quickly on most computers If the computer finds problems the computer makes beeping sounds and then stops running If all goes
35. b Right drag the YourName Assignmentl Word file onto the ENGL101 folder and the MyBudget2014 2015 file into the COMP101 folder c Select Copy here from the shortcut menu Notice that the YourName Assignment now exists in both folders d Why do you need to right drag the icon when copying from a file in USB storage device to the same USB storage device There are two ways to rename files and folders and each process is the same for both files and folders The first technique uses the command from the shortcut menu the second uses the click pause click method Rename a file using the menu a Right click the YourName Presentation1file in the Semester Year folder b Click Rename c Type YourName Presentation2 and then press Enter The file now has a new name lt i a i 1 N gt m i D i Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Exercises 171 Rename a file using the click pause click method a Click on the file name MyBudget2014 2015 in the Semester Year folder once and then click again The text in the folder icon should be high lighted but not the icon b Type MyBudget2015 2016 and then press Enter For the next task the Computer window setting must be set to Show each folder in its own window click Organize Folder and Search options check Open each folder in its own window and click OK Move a file using the dr
36. boratory or restrictive work environment use the File tab followed by the Save As command to change the location of files each time you access Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Folders and Files 143 TABLE 3 1 CONTROLLING WINDOW SIZE AND PLACEMENT Function Directions Make sure you have several open windows Move a window Click a blank area in the title bar of the window to be moved Hold down the mouse button while dragging the window to a new location and then release the mouse button Resize a window Select the window to resize by clicking its title bar Point to a window border or corner When the cursor becomes a double headed arrow drag the corner or border until it is the desired size Release the mouse button Enlarge a window Select the window to enlarge by clicking its title bar Click the Maximize button in the upper right corner of the title bar This button is a toggle switch and shares space with the Restore button Reduce a window Select the window to reduce by clicking its title bar Click the Minimize button in the upper right corner of the title bar Restore a window Select the window to restore by clicking its title bar Click the Restore button in the upper right corner of the title bar This button is a toggle switch and shares space with the Maximize button Close a window Select the window to close by clicking its title bar Click the Close button in the upp
37. copied 3 Release the Ctrl key 4 Follow any of the first three sets of directions when all files to be copied have been selected NOTE An alternative method for selecting multiple folders or files is to draw a box around them To do so go to the upper left corner of the group of folders or files Hold down the left mouse button Drag the mouse to the opposite corner and release the mouse button Once the folders or files are highlighted follow any of the first three sets of directions to copy them Moving Folders and Files Moving files and folders is similar to copying files and folders The Move com mand takes a file or folder from one place and puts it in another it does not dupli cate the file in the process There are several ways to move files and folders use menu systems use drag and drop or use the shortcut menu When moving a file from one storage device to another storage device use the right drag option and select Move from the pop up menu Remember that the default for dragging and dropping a file between different storage devices is to copy the file When moving a file from one place on the same storage drive to another place on the same storage drive the default is to move the file To move one file using the toolbar or menu bar 1 Select Organize from the toolbar Cut from the menu that appears or Edit Cut from the menu bar 151 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 152 CHA
38. d as noted in the previous section Viewing Folders and Files Once the user creates and names the files and folders the user will need to access them In Windows users view files and folders through the Computer window TABLE 3 2 NAMING FILES Function Directions Name file Start an application such as Word or Excel application Create the file Click the File tab or File command from a menu bar click Save or click the Diskette icon on the Quick Access toolbar Select a location from the Navigation Pane on the top or left or from the Save in text box Type the file name in the File name text box Click Save OK or press Enter on the keyboard You can also use the Save as command to give a file another name For example EthicsinNursing draft or EthicsinNursing draft2 Name file on desktop Right click a blank area of the desktop or in a window Select New Select the Type of file e g Word Excel Type the file name Press Enter Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Folders and Files Double clicking the Computer icon opens a window that displays the storage devices and folders stored on this computer Figure 3 19 If the icon does not appear on the desktop click the Start button Computer option The screen then divides into the left pane showing the organizational structure of each storage device The default is to collapse the folders A click on an object on the left changes the v
39. d on any of the four edges of the screen The default is to place the taskbar on the bottom of the screen To change the location of the taskbar 1 Place the mouse pointer on a blank area of the taskbar 2 Drag the taskbar to the left right bottom or top of the screen 3 Release the mouse button NOTE When you drag the taskbar it initially appears not to move Keep dragging the mouse toward the edge of the screen and eventually the taskbar will move unless it is locked into place To unlock it right click a blank area of the taskbar and select Lock the taskbar from the menu to remove the check mark next to it Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 132 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment To change the location of an icon folder shortcut or file 1 Select the object 2 Drag it to the new location To arrange by name size type and date modified 1 Right click a blank area of the desktop 2 From the shortcut menu select Sort By and select one of the options There are four choices in the Arrange Icons By menu name size type and date modified See Figure 3 11 Depending on the option you choose the icons will be arranged on the left side of the desktop in the selected order The disad vantage of using this method of organizing icons is that every time you add a new object the objects will appear in different spots on the desktop Most people prefer their ob
40. ders provide a way to organize work for example by storing similar programs and files in them Subfolders are folders in Folders to create a hierarchical structure to the system See Managing Files and Folders as to the process of creating folders later in this chapter Files Files contain data that users create in applications such as Word Excel and PowerPoint Files hold or store the work we do Icons representing each file type assume the look that one associates with the application that creates them For example a Word file looks like a piece of paper with a W symbol on the icon representing the file You create files when you save work in an application or when you select the Create New File command from the shortcut menu The image to the left shows a Word document file titled Chapter 2 Figures This one is a pdf file titled USCENSUS The dots indicate that the file name is longer than what you see Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing the Desktop Taskbar The taskbar by default is at the bottom of the screen The user may move it to any screen edge It is actually three separate components although it looks like one object Figure 3 6 shows the parts of the taskbar Use the Start button to open the Start menu This will allow you to access programs documents settings Control Panel help and shutdown features The Start menu contains the user name at the top right w
41. e default option in the Windows environment is to hide the extensions Therefore the user does not need to type either the extension or the delimiter instead the application that creates the file assigns the extension by default In this 147 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 148 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment environment Windows uses the extension to identify which application created the file When the file name is double clicked the file opens inside the appropriate application Users can use the extension to determine the application used to create a specific file Before working with files think about standards that you should apply when naming files for personal work for a clinical area or for a department File names can be structured in many ways depending on the nature of the work who does it what users are sharing how they are sharing it on a network or hard drives how they access it and who retrieves it The important point here is to use an understandable convention that will enable users to readily recognize what infor mation the file holds over time say after 6 to 12 months have passed In additon be sure you know and use any naming protocols required by your professor and never expect that the naming protocols will be consistent across professors To name files follow the directions given in Table 3 2 Folders are given names when they are create
42. e to find them Menus Menus are lists of commands or tasks that become available when the user selects a command category from the menu bar See Figure 3 5 for an example of a menu and its drop down menu While many appli cations use the menu bar Office 2010 uses the ribbon concept covered in Chapter 4 font lt Tite Bar gt f LsFoats Advanced lt lt Tab ie Fat SE Character Spacing Format Text Effects Scale 100 T Spacing Normal a sens J Text Fill Postion Normal E By Text Outline No fill n te i ida sia lt Circles Kerning for fonts Points and above Gradient fill Shadow Fil Color OpenType Features Reflection Color 2 is a_i sisi a Transparency g 0 Number spacng Default List Boxes 3 0 Format Number forms Default lt Stylistic sets Default gt Use ne AQ u a re Preview q Body i This is the body theme font The current document theme defines which font will be used Commit Button Set As Defauit Text Effects C came Figure 3 3 Example of a Dialog Box Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 122 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment For more information see the privacy stateme nt onlin 1 ye Q If you want to use gadgets you will need to search online for ones of interest to you but be careful they are from a trusted source Figu
43. e to the new location and click there 4 Select Organize Paste from the toolbar or Edit Paste from the menu bar To copy one folder or file from one device to another device using drag and drop This works only when the file is being copied from one storage device to a dif ferent one 1 Both the folder or file and the destination must be visible Use what you learned about arranging windows 2 Select the folder or file 3 Drag it to its new location 4 Release the mouse button To copy one folder or file from one folder to another folder on the same device 1 Click the folder or file and then right drag it to its additional location 2 Release the mouse button 3 Select Copy here from the shortcut menu To copy one folder or file using the shortcut menu 1 Select the folder or file 2 Right click the folder or file 3 Select Copy 4 Go to the new location 5 Right click in the new location 6 Select Paste Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Folders and Files To copy adjacent files 1 Click the first file in the group 2 Hold down the Shift key 3 Click the last file in the group 4 Release the Shift key 5 Follow any of the first three sets of directions when all files to be copied have been selected NOTE List view works best for implementing this technique To copy nonadjacent files 1 Hold down the Ctrl key 2 Click each file to be
44. econd toolbar provides quick access to commands associated with that task Windows also gives the user the ability to display additional toolbars as necessary Some applications use a horizontal bar at the bottom of the window to display such things as the number of objects in the window a description of menu com mands the number of pages in a document the location of the cursor and special toggle switches such as over write num lock and cap lock Contents of the status bar depend on what is important in the application For example in Excel it displays the Cell Mode indicator the View shortcut the Zoom and the Zoom slider while in Word it indicates the current page number the total number of pages and the word count as well as the View shortcut the Zoom and the Zoom slider By right clicking the status bar the Customize Status Bar menu appears The check marks on this menu show the current features that are on and provide an opportunity to turn on other features of the status bar Located along the right and bottom of the window are the vertical and horizontal scroll bars They appear when there is more data than can be displayed in the window There are arrows at the top and bottom of the vertical scroll bar on the right and at the left and right for the horizontal scroll bar on the bottom with a box somewhere between them Clicking the arrow buttons moves the user slowly through the window The box or elevator in the scroll sha
45. ed after about 10 years The Windows 7 design provides a friendly interface between the user and the hardware The intent of this graphical user interface GUI is to take advantage of the computer s graphic and mouse capabilities and make it easier to use the commands and applications The user employs the mouse in a point and click approach to issue commands and manage the interface Critical to working in any operating system environment is the ability to manage files and folders Files contain data and information whereas folders are storage places for files This chapter includes information on managing files and folders using Computer formerly My Computer in earlier versions of Windows Computer provides quick access to Windows Explorer used to create and manage folders The Operating System Environment Operating systems are responsible for many of the computer s housekeeping tasks The operating system wakes the computer through a set of commands and routines that make the computer recognize the central processing unit memory keyboard disk drives and printers The purposes of the operating system are to supervise the operation of the computer s hardware components and to coordi nate the flow and control of data Without the operating system the user cannot run language or application software Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The Operating System Environment There are several ty
46. elect Restore all items from the toolbar NOTE This command is not visible once you empty the recycle bin Renaming Folders and Files The Rename command gives a file or folder a new name Use this command to reorganize and change the names of files to be consistent with an organizational structure or to clarify the name because you created additional files or folders You will not be able to rename a file if the file is currently open To rename a file or folder using the toolbar or menu bar 1 Select the file or folder to rename 2 Select Organize from the toolbar Rename from the menu or File Rename from the menu bar 3 Type the new name and press Enter To rename a file or folder using a shortcut menu 1 Right click the file or folder to rename 2 Click Rename on the shortcut menu 3 Type the new name and press Enter To rename a file or folder using the click pause click feature 1 Click the file or folder name Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Disk Management Concepts 2 Pause and click again 3 Type the new name and press Enter Disk Management Concepts This section covers a few disk management concepts that are critical to working with the computer and the operating system Copying a USB Storage Device Once you create and organize your files and folders on your USB device it is critical to make a copy of the disk The simplest way to do so is to copy all files
47. er right corner of the title bar Arrange a window Right click a blank area of the taskbar Select the arrange option Cascade Stacked or Side by Side Aero Peek Hip 3D Hold down the windows key and press the tab key to scroll through the open windows the program In Office 2010 in the Save As dialog box select the correct storage device or computer in the Navigation Pane Organizing Folders Most users store files on removable storage media USB storage devices or CDs and DVDs on hard drives on network file servers or on the cloud You must organize your files into folders to make it easier to locate and retrieve them Orga nizing electronic files is analogous to the organization of filing cabinets Elec tronic files are organized on the storage media in folders and subfolders Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 144 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment amp omp 4 File Edit View Tools Help b gt Computer Removable Disk E BBQ pics File Edit View Tools Help Organize Properties System properties Uninstall or change a program Organize Share with Burn New folder we Favorites 4 Hard Disk Drives 2 a ees Pee E Desktop Hard da j me OSCN1063 t f S9 Libraries Disig r 729 GB free of 906GB ra ras IE Desktop A amp osos List of files wal S9 Libraries moscnios for BBQ ps 410 GB free of 465 GB w Homegroup mm OSCN1066 PICS
48. es to be moved have been selected Deleting Folders and Files The Delete command removes folders and files from the storage device Use this command to clean storage devices and discard unneeded folders or files Several versions of this command are available as noted in this section When you delete files from a removable storage device such as a USB storage device the system does not move them temporarily to the Recycle Bin but instead deletes them immediately It only moves files temporarily to the Recycle Bin when you delete them from the hard drive Thus if a user accidentally deletes files from the hard drive you may recover those files if you did not empty the Recycle Bin Deleted folders appear as empty folders in the Recycle Bin but actually still contain the old files Thus when a user restores a folder from the Recycle Bin it restores all of the original files as well To delete using the toolbar or menu bar 1 Select the file 2 Select Organize from the toolbar Delete from the menu or File Delete from the menu 3 Click Yes in response to the message Are you sure you want to permanently delete this file or click Yes in response to the message Are you sure you want to move this file to Recycle Bin To delete using drag and drop 1 Make both the file or folder and the Recycle Bin visible 2 Drag the file or folder on top of the Recycle Bin icon 3 When the icon turns greenish blue release the left
49. files to disc option and type a title for the disc The computer will then format the disc to prepare it to receive the files You can then drag and drop the files onto the CD DVD window Use this option when you need to add delete files regularly The other option is Mastered which is more like burn once and use many times Each has their appropriate use Here is Microsoft s URL for deciding on which format to use when burning files to a CD or DVD player windows microsoft com en US windows7 Which CD or DVD format should use 155 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 156 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Backing Up a Disk Because of the size of hard drives today most people no longer back them up However that practice will eventually cause the user problems because of hard ware or software failures The key question to ask is this How important are the data Although you can reinstall applications for the most part data may be lost forever if a failure occurs and no backup exists At the very least users should back up all data files including documents images pictures and in some cases downloaded freeware Back up anything that you cannot quickly reinstall or re create Data stored on the local drive of a networked computer are not routinely backed up when the network is backed up instead only data on the file server are backed up during this process Specific infor
50. ft indicates the current location relative to the total document Dragging the elevator in the scroll bar gives more control over viewing the con tents of the window You may also click on the elevator shaft to go to an approximate location in the document At the bottom of the vertical scroll bar are up and E down chevrons and a select object button round circle By default the down chevron moves through the document one page at a time while the up chevron displays the previous page The default can be changed by selecting the round circle and choosing an option 139 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 140 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Opening a Window You can open a window or program in several different ways Double click the icon representing the window m Right click the icon representing the window to be opened and select Open from the menu Once the window is open the user can perform the appropriate tasks Because more than one window may be opened at a time the user will need to control the window display Jump Lists Jump lists are shortcuts to files and commands that one uses frequently These items change in accordance with what the user does See Figure 3 17 for some examples of jump lists An item may also be pinned to the Jump List or removed from it To view a jump list Right click an icon on the taskbar or Click the list arrow to t
51. g LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Windows 137 File Edit View Favorites Tools HelpRight Click here r Click here to place a Menu bar lt D A ot ap Pager Safety Y Toos gt Oy AM A Favorites bar check mark Command bar LAROCHE suse Bitdefender T Bing Bar Adobe PDF AOL Toolbar Google Toolbar Course Search Course List Lock the toolbars hittp myitiab pearsoned com Pegasus Modules ProgramAdmin trmProgram e Program Admini eo n OR Click View Toolbars and Menu bar square Figure 3 14 Display Menu Bar If an option on a menu has three periods after it ellipsis a dialog box appears A dialog box is a window that requests additional information from the user before it can implement the command For example in Figure 3 15 the Choose Details and Customize This Folder commands bring up a dialog box Complete the information as appropriate in the dialog box or accept the defaults Click OK to execute the command If an option has a right arrow another menu appears In Figure 3 15 the commands Toolbars Explorer Bar Sort By and so forth all open another menu This additional menu is sometimes called a nested menu or a submenu Ribbons In Office 2010 the ribbon is the control center for the application It consists of Tabs Groups and Commands Toolbars Some windows display one or more toolbars The standard toolbar provides access to commonly used Jones amp Bartlet
52. he right of a program icon on the Start menu Calculator Recent E Presentation SB seeping too Hemansgernent 0s i lt EAA 1 P Stun down gt Jump List for Word on Taskbar Jump List for PowerPoint from Start Menu igure 3 17 Examples of Jump Lists y Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Folders and Files Controlling the Window Size and Placement Several controls are available for working with windows Use these controls to move a window to another location on the desktop change the size of a window or close a window The resize features permit the user to control the actual size of the window The Maximize and Minimize Ol buttons use default stan dards to control the size of the window Clicking the Maximize button expands the window to fill the screen Clicking the Minimize button places a button for the application on the taskbar and removes the window from the desktop with this option the program remains open but runs in the background Clicking the Restore button returns the window to the size it was before it was maximized These buttons are helpful for controlling windows when the user is running multiple programs opening multiple windows or opening several files They permit the user to view or work in each window while placing the others in the background In addition the user may arrange windows on the desktop in cascade stacked or side by side s
53. hout closing any of the opened programs click the Show Desktop button Br on the far right of the taskbar Objects on the Desktop The desktop displays several objects by default unless the user changes the default Default means that the computer uses a certain setting or configuration Figure 3 2 shows some of these objects icons folders shortcuts files and the taskbar Icons Icons or small pictures represent applications folders and files By default the recycle bin is on the desktop Other icons present on the desktop depend on the unique configuration of the computer For example the school computer may have the recycle bin computer and network icon on the desktop When you install a new program the computer may ask you if you want an icon for the pro gram placed on the desktop The Recycle Bin temporarily stores deleted files until you empty it The system deletes files that you delete from external storage devices such as USB storage devices immediately This icon is present by default The top view is an empty Recycle Bin and the bottom view is one with files in it You should empty the Recycle Bin periodically depending on how frequently you send items to the recycle bin iy This icon may or may not be present on the desktop omputer This gives you access to seeing your storage devices and accessing the files To add it to the desktop click Start right click Computer and click Show on Desktop If the compute
54. iew of the main pane The top pane shows the bread crumb term used to show the path to the files and one can use it to move up and down the folder structure The main pane shows the storage device and when double clicked files and folders show Repeat the double clicking action to display the correct file or folder The display of the icons in the window depends on the selected view See Figure 3 20 There are multiple options for displaying icons in a window extra large large medium small tiles list details and content The view used is a matter of personal preference Use the list and small icons options to see more of the information on the storage device use the details view to see information about the size and type of file and use the large medium and extra large icons to see a thumbnail of the document To use Computer follow these directions 1 Double click the Computer icon on the desktop or click Start Computer 2 Double click the storage device where the file is located 3 Double click the desired file or double click the folders until the correct file appears 4 Double click the file To change how files and folders look in the window 1 Select the View down arrow l T Extra Large Icons from the toolbar bar 2 Click the desired view Large Icons Medium Icons You may also use the slider on the left Views side of the menu to change views Clicking 23 Small Icons the View button will
55. ith an icon above it that you can change On the left side are the recently accessed programs pinned items and a link to All Programs To the right are the System Folders Control Panel Help and Support and the Log off Shutdown button See Figure 3 7 This setup represents Microsofts approach to unclutter the desktop A practice exercise at the end of this chapter demonstrates how to customize the Start menu Between the Start button and notification area are the open and pinned programs windows Frequently used applications are pinned to this area to provide quick Pinned SB sripping To Items Saage Internet Explorer 32 bit p System 5 Folders amp Mozilla Firefox a Windows Media Center 5 lt Computer Recently Windows Media Player P H lt Control Panel used it Launch MylTLab programis a Microsoft Expression Web 3 5 Adobe Reader XI Help Microsoft OneNote 2010 All Programs gt All Programs Search Box Search programs and fies P W ra Log off Shut down Figure 3 7 Start Menu Parts 127 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 128 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment 10 09 AM 1 14 2013 access to them and to keep an uncluttered desktop Open windows also show in this area of the taskbar Figure 3 8 shows Excel and Internet Explorer as pinned programs and PowerPoint Presentation docu ment as an open window To the far right of the Start button
56. jects to be found in a consistent place on the desktop so that they do not need to spend time looking for them To align icons in a grid so they are evenly spaced 1 Right click a blank area of the desktop 2 From the shortcut menu select View Align to Grid option Figure 3 11 The objects icons will now be in the general area where you moved them but will appear in a straight column or row Underlying the screen is an invisible checkerboard When you issue the command Align to Grid the icons are snapped into the closest square to produce straight rows and columns If the objects icons snap back into place when they should be moveable right click a blank area of the desktop select Arrange Icons By and click Auto Arrange to remove the check mark for that selection See Figure 3 11 The check mark causes the icons to snap back into place View 1 View _ gt Large icons Sort by Sort by A Medium icons Refresh Refresh Small icons Paste Paste Auto arrange icons Paste shortcut Paste shortcut V Align icons to grid Shared Folder Synchronization Shared Folder Synchronization gt Graphics Properties Graphics Properties V Show desktop icons V Show desktop gadgets Graphics Options b New E Screen resolution Gadgets El Personalize Submenu for the Sort By option Submenu for the View option Figure 3 11 Arrangement of Icon Options Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing
57. lug and play features i e device drives compatible with my peripherals 4 Save and submit the document and your analysis calling it Chap3 Assign4 YourName as directed by your professor
58. mates to obtain feed back and suggestions Provide feedback to at least two of your classmates on their structure and names Adjust your work based on your classmates suggestions Create the structure and a few sample files Write a short description of your organization and the rationale behind it Zip the top level folder and submit it to your professor EXERCISE 5 How Do Customize My Start Menu and Taskbar HM Objectives 1 2 3 Alter the taskbar Alter the Start menu look Pin an item to the Start menu Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Exercises 175 Some of these tasks may not be available in computer laboratories or in the work environment unless you are logged on as the administrator E Directions How to change the taskbar 1 Right click on a blank area of the taskbar and select Properties The Taskbar and Start Menu Properties dialog box appear 2 Click the square to the left of use Aero Peek to preview the desktop to place a check in the square Click the Apply and OK buttons 3 Add a few Microsoft Office icons to the Quick Launch area of the taskbar Click the Start button and select All Programs MS Office Right click MS Office Word 2010 and select Pin to Taskbar The Word icon appears in the Quick Launch area ready for you to start the program NOTE If the program is open right click the program s button on the taskbar and click Pin this program to
59. mation about hardware including storage devices such as tape drives optical drives removable hard drives and the cloud that people can use for backing up data is covered in Chapter 2 The user needs to seek answers to questions such as the following What type of data do I have that I cannot replace easily How much data can I afford to lose What capacity do I need for the backup device How often do I need to back up my data How reliable is the backup medium How easy is it to use Will it backup automatically What will it cost How secure is the data Am I storing it in a different location If I use a cloud service what protections are in place and what can they do with my data Ideally system backup for large operations should be automatic and on a reg ular basis This backup does not include the data found on local hard drives on users personal computers however For this reason many organizations require users to store critical data on the network file sever itself so that they routinely back up the data as part of the full system backup Some organizations permit no critical data to reside on removable or local hard drives Those users who do store some data on the local hard drive can regularly back up the data to their personal space on the file server or copy that data to a removable hard drive CD DVD or USB removable storage device For a home computer or a small business this kind of backup is more difficult to do
60. mouse location on the screen Many application programs change the look of the pointer to reflect the process the system is expecting For example the pointer changes to a double headed arrow when you hover over a window border indicating readiness for resizing the window Use the pointer to select commands from menus and toolbars This text presents different pointer shapes as they occur in discussions about application programs The taskbar is generally the long horizontal bar at the bottom of the desktop It combines window man agement and program launching functions Use it to switch between applications and files All open win dows become items on the taskbar Windows 7 per mits you to pin an application to the taskbar for quick access Open applications have a border around the icon of the open applications In the aero view you can also see a thumbnail of the document Figure 3 6 shows the parts to the taskbar A window on the desktop displays the contents of application programs files or folders Each program 123 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 124 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Start Button Show Desktop Button Open Programs Notification Area Vv ENTE Sia w Pinned Programs Ae inane wi Ghapter3 docx Microsoft Word v Chapter 3 Figures doc Compati CALTE ONTIS gt A or file has its own window Each window may cont
61. mouse button 4 If deleting the file or folder from a removable storage device click Yes to confirm the deletion To delete using the delete key 1 Click the file or folder to highlight it 2 Press the Delete key 3 Click Yes to confirm its deletion or its move to the Recycle Bin To delete using the shortcut menu 1 Right click the file or folder to be deleted 2 Select Delete from the shortcut menu 3 Click Yes to confirm the file or folder s deletion or move to the Recycle Bin 153 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 154 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment You may select multiple files and folders as noted in the earlier discussion of the copy and move operations Use this same technique to delete multiple files or folders at once After files go to the Recycle Bin you will periodically need to empty the Recycle Bin How often you should empty it depends on how often you delete files and folders and how many files and folders you delete Remember deleted files and folders sitting in the recycle bin take up storage space To empty the Recycle Bin 1 Double click the Recycle Bin icon 2 Select Empty Recycle Bin from the toolbar 3 Click Yes to confirm the emptying of the Recycle Bin To restore a deleted file or folder 1 Double click the Recycle Bin icon 2 Select the files or folders to restore if you want to restore only selected items 3 S
62. mp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 172 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment 4 Delete files and folders a Click the WordPad Yourname file in the Semester Year folder b Press the Delete key Click Yes to confirm the deletion c Close all open windows except the Semester Year folder Make sure the view in the folder is List d Scroll on the left side of the window until you see the Recycle Bin e In the SemesterYear folder click the first folder in the row or column Hold down the Shift key and click the last item All of the objects files and folders are now selected g Drag the selected folders and files onto the Recycle Bin in the left pane h When the Recycle Bin turns greenish blue release the mouse button i Click Yes to confirm the permanent deletion of files and folders j Close all windows HINT Files that are deleted from a USB storage device do not go to the Recycle Bin which is why the question asking to confirm permanent deletion appears Files from the desktop go to the Recycle Bin when they are deleted so the question doesn t appear 5 Empty the Recycle Bin When you delete files from internal storage devices such as the C drive or desktop you should empty the Recycle Bin periodically In Windows 7 you can see trash building up in the icon a Create two blank Word documents on the desktop Call one test and the other test2 b Drag and drop the
63. n Close the window To change the setup back to the default colors repeat Steps a d and select the Windows 7 default a Eo pej 9 lt v lt tS N 3 N o o lt i N pe N gt m i D i Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 166 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment 6 Open browse and manage windows a a0 mg gt oO Open the Computer window by double clicking the Computer 2 icon If this icon is not on the desktop click the Start button and select Com puter from the menu Using the title bar drag the Computer window to the right approxi mately 3 inches and down from the top 3 inches If it is set to fill the screen use the Restore button to make it smaller Now drag the window towards the top What happened Click the Restore Por button What happened to the window Click the Minimize 3 button What happened Click the Folder al icon on the taskbar Place the pointer on the right border of the Computer window With the double headed arrow drag the window border to the right 2 inches Place the pointer on the lower right corner of the Computer window Drag the window border up and to the left making the window approx imately 3 inches square Which additional bars appeared Why might you need to know how t
64. nd Its Operating System Environment 3 Find three files created this semester and place them in the appropriate folders List the files and their related folders here 4 Create a folder called Downloads Go to www adobe com and click the Get Adobe Reader button Download the Adobe Reader file to an appropriate folder on your USB storage device 5 Write a short paragraph on why you selected this organization and store under the main folder 6 Compress the main folder right click the folder select Send To and then select Compressed folder Submit this work as directed by the professor ASSIGNMENT 4 When Do I Upgrade to the Next Version of Windows E Directions 1 Create a word document and save as Chap3 Assign 4 Your last name 2 Research the Windows 8 operating system and its new features 3 Write a short paragraph on what you do on your computer and how each of the new features in Windows 8 may or may not be of help to you Some questions to consider include a Will the next operating system run on my hardware b How easy is the interface to learn Is it intuitive or will there be a large learning curve c What features are important to me Why d Will my current programs function in the new operating system or will I have to upgrade all of them e Is the system easy to customize to my way of working f Does it support my peripheral devices like printers scanners mobile devices and so forth That means are the p
65. new files on top of the Recycle Bin O Double click the Recycle Bin icon A list of contents appears d Click the Empty the Recycle Bin button on the toolbar or select File Empty Recycle Bin from the menu bar if it is displayed Organize Layout click Menu bar e Click Yes to confirm the deletion f Close the Recycle Bin window g How often should the recycle bin be emptied EXERCISE 3 How Do I Organize Work with a Mobile OS HM Objectives 1 Use a user manual to review some new feature to your mobile device 2 Locate a quality site for step by step instructions on file management on a mobile device 3 Use those instructions to organize your mobile device A lt i N pe pe 5 N o i oD i Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Exercises 173 W Activity 1 Find out if there is a manual or help option on your mobile device For example the iPad3 had a users manual located at http ipad3manual com Select one new feature for your device that you didn t know was available or that you didnt know how to use Try out the new feature 2 Search the Internet for a quality site that provides step by step directions on how to create folders and manage files on your mobile device 3 Discuss in class or in a discussion forum Why would you trust that site What makes it a reputable one Were the directions easy to understand 4 N
66. o open and manage windows Drag to enlarge the Computer window making it approximately 6 inches square Double click the Local Hard Drive icon usually C Double click the Windows folder Notice that the default in Windows is to open each new folder in the same window Click the Back button until the Computer window is open and the storage devices are showing 7 Change the default folder option and switch between windows a O In the Computer window select Organize from the toolbar Folder and Search Options from the menu or Tools Folder options Alternatively you can use the menu bar Click Tools Folder Options See Figure 3 24 Click the Open each folder in its own window option under the Browse Folders section of the dialog box Click Apply and OK Now each folder will open in its own window At the main computer windows click the Change Folder Views 2 button Select details What information appears about the files from this view HINT If the menu bar is not visible press the Alt key to display it f To try out the new setting click Start Control Panel and Appearance and Personalization Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Exercises 167 Eile jes System properties Uninstall or change a program gt B 7 1 TET o Map network drive 5 ae e A Z rg Uninstall or change a program i i 4 H
67. operating system is proprietary such as Windows or open source such Linux one thing is certain a user will always need a system for managing the hardware and interfacing with the system That system is not static however but rather will evolve to reflect changes in technology and in user needs Reference Franklin C and Doustan D nd How Operating Systems Work Retrieved on January 1 2013 from http computer howstuffworks com operating system3 htm Reference 161 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 162 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Resources Microsofts websites http support microsoft com and http windows microsoft com en US windows7 help getting started contain many help guides and tutorials Hanson M 2011 Beginners guide to Windows 7 Windows The Official Magazine Issue 53 March 27 2011 is available online from TechRadar at www techradar com us news software operating systems beginners guide to windows 7 9378 16 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Exercises 163 Exercises www EXERCISE 1 How Do Manage a Desktop and Windows HM Objectives 1 Identify and describe the desktop Apply a screen saver Add a gadget to the desktop Arrange the desktop to work efficiently and effectively Change the colors of the desktop Open close minimize maximize size and arrange windows NO oO
68. ow apply what you learned to organizing a few apps into one folder For example you have four healthcare related apps Organize them into one folder called health apps EXERCISE 4 How Do You Organize Data on the Computer M Objectives 1 Develop an organizational scheme for data files 2 Identify appropriate file naming conventions 3 Support your work with resources E Activity A 1 You are serving on a committee to develop the standards for file names that the committee will use to work on a strategic plan for implementation of an eHealth initiative at your organization The charge to the committee also includes selecting how the committee will organize work on the file server that the committee will use Some of the work will include obtaining refer ence materials writing white or position papers keeping minutes devel oping a budget and scheduling meetings 2 Identify what other information you might collect or develop 3 Develop a scheme for how the committee should organize the work on the file server You will be presenting this to the committee for approval and accep tance See Figure 3 29 for an example of a faculty member and courses taught 4 The next task is deciding on the file naming convention Since the total committee will have access to this project folder there needs to be agree ment on how the committee members will name the files so all can easily locate the work 5 Find two resources to place in
69. p Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 130 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Changing the Appearance of the Desktop By default Windows 7 will install the Windows 7 Basic theme on the computer Each person with an account on the computer can set up the computer to dis play his or her own theme In addition users may customize or personalize the background also called wallpaper or color scheme Some users never change the theme color or background others like change and stimulation in the workday world so they change it regularly Windows provides for both types of users by letting the user choose the theme desktop background and color If the user changes the default settings the new settings are in effect until the user changes them again A variety of digital pictures are available as desktop backgrounds Some users prefer to use their own personal digital pictures as background wall paper Some computer labs and companies may restrict the ability to adjust the desktop HINT To see additional themes you must first install them from Microsoft s Web site or from the Internet To change the default theme 1 Right click a blank area of the desktop A shortcut menu appears 2 From the shortcut menu select Personalize The screen shown in Figure 3 10 appears 3 Click one of the themes and the new theme appears To change the desktop background or color scheme 1 Right click a
70. pes of operating systems Real time operating systems RTOS that control machinery scientific instruments and industrial systems There is very little user interface or interaction with the end user Single user single task OS to manage one user and one task at a time One example is the OS on Palm devices which are rarely seen today m Single user multitasking OS that permits multiple tasks and applications running at the same time This type is the focus of this chapter Multiuser multitask operating systems on large computers like one might see in a hospital or educational system An example of this type of OS is Unix Franklin C and Coustan D nd para 1 Today most operating systems platforms come preinstalled on the computer or mobile device Several versions of the Windows operating system are in use XP VISTA Windows 7 and Windows 8 For mobile devices the operating system resides on a chip General trends with these versions include the integration of Internet capabilities the ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time the ability to work in network environments and increased inclusion of security and multimedia capabilities To become proficient in using the computer the user needs a basic under standing of how the system works and how to manage the desktop environment This means learning how to customize the desktop manipulate the windows switch between applications and manage files and folders
71. r i amp Favorites Name Date modified AE amp E NGLIO1 21 2013 10 40 1 Sa 13 1 f My Documents a COMP101 Subfolders In the FALL 10 41 Z D My Music ps E owm 2013 folder 1 21 2013 10 41 Z My Pictures amp Psyc100 1 21 2013 10 41 Jb AS E 8100101 1 21 2013 10 41 DD Saved Games l pres poct a file to Searches EUW amp Computer amp Local Disk Q amp OVD RW Drive D a KINGSTON E FALL 2013 E gou E CHEM111 4 m l gt 5 items Figure 3 26 Screen Shot of Folder with Subfolders Displaying d Create two more files one Word document and one PowerPoint pre sentation Name them with an appropriate name like Joos assignmentl Joos presentation1 Note Use your name and not mine e Open WordPad Start All programs Accessories and WordPad Type Isn t this fun I never thought of organizing my work in folders f Click the WordPad icon equivalent to File Click the Save command In the Save as window locate and select your storage device double click the Semester Year folder the one you named click in the file name text box type WordPad YourLastName and click Save button g Submit a print of your work or your USB device as directed by the pro fessor See Figure 3 27 for a sample of the work 3 Copy move and rename folders and files Copy a file using the clipboard method a Close all open windows except the Computer window b Double click your removable storage device c
72. r In the Windows environment the desktop is the primary workspace that fills the screen The monitor displays the desktop when you boot the computer or log in The user may customize the desktop to suit his her work style that is the user can change the colors and the location of objects add images to the background of the desktop add gadgets and install screen savers 119 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 120 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Folder Windows 7 Desktop Figure 3 2 Windows 7 Desktop and Apple iPad Home Screen Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION The Operating System Environment 121 Dialog Box The dialog box is a special secondary window that requires the user to make selections from options to implement the commands Making a selection may require selecting from a list box a clicking a square or circle to make a selection clicking a tab for another option or clicking a commit button See Figure 3 3 for an example Gadgets Gadgets are a Windows option for the desktop Gad gets permit easy access to frequently used tools such as slideshows of pictures newsfeeds or the weather Figure 3 4 shows the gallery of gadget options that come with the operating system More gadgets are available from independent developers but you need to make sure they come from a trusted source Use a search sit
73. r computer may vary depending on how the system was configured For example in the network example in Figure 3 13 Switch User is disabled Here are some additional options that may or may not be available Hibernate or Sleep puts the computer into a low power state but will let the user quickly resume working With this option the computer looks like it is turned off but the power lights remain on To restart the computer press the power button quickly on the computer or in some laboratories press the spacebar key For some laptops pressing the power button will wake up the computer if it is hibernating or in sleep mode Lock prevents others from using the computer unless the user types the cor rect password Restart option restarts the computer Use it primarily for updating or installing new programs Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 136 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Managing Windows This section describes the layout of most application windows and the process of controlling the windows and changing the windows display options Applica tions files and folders appear in a window and each window shares similar attri butes To be able to work in the Windows world efficiently users need to be able to manage the windows Common Windows Layout Title Bar Tabs Menu Bar Present in most windows this horizontal bar is at the top of the window
74. r is connected to a network the user has access to the Network icon It may or may not be placed on the desktop Use it for viewing and accessing network resources You may add other icons to the desktop or Quick Launch area of the taskbar as well as create shortcuts on the desktop Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 126 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Shortcuts Shortcuts are pointers to an actual application folder or file They contain the path to the executable file for the application to the folder or to the file respec tively Deleting one simply deletes the shortcut not the application folder or file Shortcuts have a right curved arrow on the bottom left of the icon Use short cuts to provide quick access to commonly used applications folders or files A later section in this chapter describes the process of creating them Here are a few examples of shortcuts The icon to the left is a shortcut to the browser Firefox This is the shortcut to Google Chrome This is a shortcut to a folder called Irene Shortcut located down a path on the hard drive This last example is a shortcut to a file called Chapter2 IJ Shortcut located on the hard drive in a folder Folders Folders are holding places for files and may be on the desktop or other places on the hard drive or removable storage devices Icons that look like manila file folders represent them Fol
75. re 3 4 Add Gadgets for the Desktor nat Seal Ed http www google com Bice aC Edit View Favorites Tools Help lt Menu Bar New tab Ctrl T Duplicate tab Ctrl K New window Ctrl N Edit with Microsoft Excel i ON Save as Ctri S Menu Print Ctri P Print preview Import and export Properties Work offline Figure 3 5 Menu Bar and Menu in a Typical Windo Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Mouse Touch Pad and Touch Screen Objects Pointer Taskbar Window The Operating System Environment Devices that enable you to select objects and issue commands include the mouse touch pad and touch screen The idea behind the use of these devices is to make issuing commands faster especially for the non typist GUIs depend on these devices to select objects or commands from menus ribbons and toolbars Most of the commands that you access in this manner also have an equivalent keyboard stroke when there is a keyboard Refer to Chapter 2 for a description of mouse actions Objects on the desktop are small pictures or graphic representations of icons files folders and shortcuts To select an object place the pointer on it and click Double clicking the object opens it Right clicking an object opens a shortcut menu sometimes called a context sensitive menu See Figure 3 2 for examples of objects on the desktop A pointer is the symbol that represents the
76. re running Error Checking Scan Disk For example your anti virus program runs in the background Ifa program is run ning Error Checking Scan Disk will restart itself over and over On networked computers this tool may not be accessible unless the user is logged on as the administrator Figure 3 21 shows the Properties Tools tab and the Properties General tab Depending on the size of the storage device this program may take a while to do its job Do not use the computer during this time To access this error checking tool 1 Close all files 2 Open the Computer window L Ss Ae g B up cal Disk C Properties 2K pif Bau etnies inkihdota ink Toos Harware Shang i wil check the drive for errors Type Local Disk AB Check now i File system NTFS I Used space 189 410 353 152 bytes 176 GB ll Free space 783 765 688 320 bytes 729GB h j l Capacity 973 176 041 472 bytes 906 GB Defragment now H gt This option wil back up files on the drive Back up now _ Compress this drive to save disk space Allow files on this drive to have contents indexed in addition to fie properties OK Cancel Apply igure 3 21 Disk Management Tools 159 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 160 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Right click
77. rotate the display EE list through the view options Which view you Details choose is a personal preference although TF w H some views are better for specific tasks f Content For example the detail view is better when you are looking for details about files or folders such as date modified and size The Figure 3 20 Computer Window list view is best for seeing many files at one i time without having to scroll through them Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 150 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment Copying Folders and Files The Copy command copies one several or all of the folders or files from one place to another That means there will be two copies of each folder or file There are several ways to copy files and folders use menu systems use drag and drop or use the shortcut menu The process for copying files and folders is the same When using drag and drop from the F drive to another drive such as C the default is to copy When using drag and drop from the F drive to another folder in the F drive the default is to move You can override the default option by right drag ging the file When dropping it in its new location select Copy from the pop up menu To copy one folder or file using a toolbar or menu bar 1 Click the folder or file to be copied 2 Select Organize from the toolbar Copy from the menu or Edit Copy from the menu bar 3 Navigat
78. rtlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 146 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment It is probably better not to name any folder on the computer with the same name as another folder When folders have the same name it is very easy to forget which folder you are working in and to edit or delete the wrong file 7 Watch out for long filenames When using folders and subfolders file names can become shorter 8 Maintain the same structure on all your computers These are just a few tips your work world may require all work to be stored on a file server on the network Remember files stored on the local hard drive may not be routinely backed up by the IT department Others on the team will also not have access to files on the local hard drive Creating Folders Users can organize and manage their files by creating folders and then saving their work in those folders The best organization of folders depends on what you want to do For example one folder might contain all files related to a specific course another folder might contain personal items and yet another folder might contain articles or publications Storing files in the appropriate folders allows for easy retrieval and backup of data Associating files with projects or tasks allows for easier cleanup upon completion of projects or tasks By comparison saving all files in Documents folders makes retrieving and deleting more difficult and time consuming
79. ss told otherwise Recall that the drive letter designation for the hard drive is gener ally C and sometimes D for a USB device and DVD or CD ROMs the default 141 Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 142 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment WO ailment ert PageLayout References Mailings Review View Ave 2L napeceoe aaBbccoc AABbC AaBb AaBbC A My Ton ti mke mal 1NoSpacing Heading1 Heading 2 eng Cascade windows Show windows stacked Show windows side by side show the desktop Start Task Ma ger Figure 3 18 Arranging Windows Lock the taskbar Piedi Properties Page 16 of 29 Words 270 lt 3 Aero 3D Example Figure 3 18 Arranging Windows Cascade and Aero 3D Examples letters are D E F G and so forth Most programs use a default folder on the C drive to store newly created files For example Microsoft Office stores all Micro soft Office files in the Documents folder on the C drive under the user s account All programs provide the ability to change the default storage drive and folder To do so find the Preferences or Options command This command is accessed from the File tab Options icon and Save command in Microsoft Office 2010 in other programs this command may be located in the Tools menu or the Edit menu If you are not permitted to alter these settings e g if you are working in a computer la
80. t Working with Gadgets Gadgets are small programs that run on the Windows desktop They permit you to view information at a glance or to access frequently used tools To add a gadget 1 Right click a blank area of the desktop and select Gadget from the menu 2 Double click the gadget or right click the gadget and click Add To use a gadget This depends on the gadget For example to use the currency gadget you would select the currency you want to convert US dollars and the currency to which you want to convert it Australian dollars and accept the 1 or type in an amount To close a gadget Click the Close button X on the top right of the gadget Shutting Down the System When you finish working with the computer it is important to shut down the system before turning off the computer Shutting down the computer saves the current settings and prevents the corruption of files These directions are for net worked shared computers such as in a computer lab See Figure 3 13 for a screen shot of the shutdown options Networked Computer Example P Personal Computer Example Shut down instead of Log off Click Log off or Arrow to bring up i Click Start button the menu to Shut down or Restart igure 3 13 Shutting Down or Logging Off Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Shutting Down the System 135 To shut down the system and save your session 1 Click the Start button on
81. t Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 138 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environment File Edit View Favorites BESS Help C id M a Delete browsing history Ctrl Shift Del InPrivate Browsing Ctrl Shift P Tracking Protection ActiveX Fitering N Ellipses Diagnose connection problems View downloads CtrleJ gt gt Roe e SubMenus gt Subscribe to this feed Feed discovery Windows Update F12 developer tools OneNote Linked Notes Send to OneNote Blog This in Windows Live Writer Internet options Figure 3 15 Menu Options Maso iaF Quick Access Toolbar in Microsoft Word 2010 Brow bal O A ZA 9 Toolbar in the Snipping Tool AA ROaHASEE a 73 oi 108 H ty ai Tools Sign Comment Toolbar for Adobe Reader Figure 3 16 Toolbar Examples commands such as Save New Copy etc depending on the application see Figure 3 16 for examples of tool bars Additional or different commands may appear in some applications because of the nature of partic ular programs For example the Snipping Tool toolbar contains New Save Copy Send Pen Highlighter and Eraser on the toolbar If there is a second toolbar it generally relates to spe cialty functions like formatting ruler and draw The Status Bar Scroll Bars Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Windows s
82. t critical Select the desired updates and download them to the computer The computer must have an active Internet connection to complete this step Note the size of the files before downloading them some of them are quite large and may take substantial time to download depending on the time of day and speed of the connection In addition a message appears periodically on the right side of the taskbar reminding the user to check for updates Most users today configure updates to run automatically Windows update will also update your Office programs To run Windows update manually 1 Click the Start button 2 Click All programs unless pinned to the start menu 3 Click Windows update 4 Click check for updates Alternatively you can go to the Control Panel click System and Security click Windows Update Summary This chapter oriented you to the operating system and the Windows interface including the common objects found on the desktop Desktop management skills include setting screen savers changing desktop colors moving objects and man aging windows File and folder management concepts are also essential knowl edge for today s users They need to know the commands to create rename move copy and delete files and folders to affect appropriate file and folder management This chapter also presented some basic ideas about organizing files and folders and introduced a few utilities for managing the software Whether the
83. the Desktop 133 Choosing a Screen Saver Screen savers are moving or static pictures displayed on the desktop when no activity takes place for a specified time Screen savers were designed to protect the monitor from having burned in images Today adding decoration seems to be their primary use in the home In a healthcare setting screen savers have the added functionality of providing privacy Many screen savers come with the operating system others may be found on the Internet or in computer software stores In addition many people use a personal photo to create a screen saver Make sure you pay attention to security issues when downloading anything from the Internet To set up a screen saver 1 Right click a blank area of the desktop 2 Choose Personalize from the shortcut menu 3 Click the Screen Saver option 4 Click the Screen Saver down arrow and select a screen saver image 5 Set the amount of time to wait before activating the screen saver 6 Click Apply and OK See Figure 3 12 for the Screen Saver Settings dialog box Select One gt 4 l ay Minutes 7 On resume display logon screen m Set Time Conserve energy ot maximize performance by adjusting display brightness and other power settings anrai rga Click Apply and then OK Figure 3 12 Screen Saver Settings Dialog Box Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 134 CHAPTER 3 The Computer and Its Operating System Environmen
84. the taskbar 2 Click the arrow to the right of the Log off button f 3 Select Shut down the system To log off and prepare the computer for another user 1 Click the Start button on the taskbar 2 Select the Log off option Most of the time the appropriate option will be either Log off or Shut down In most computer laboratories the user logs off and does not turn off the com puter The computer saves all of the current user settings closes all programs and then prepares to receive another user The computer remains turned on and a login window appears with instructions press Ctrl Alt Del to log in When the next user presses Ctrl Alt Del the login screen appears The user types their user ID and password Some work environments ask you log off but do not shut down the computer They sometimes run updates during the night and if the computer is off the updates do not run on that computer At home it is probably best to shut the computer down when not in use for a long time If more than one user account exists on a computer you can switch between users using Fast User Switching Both users accounts remain open Here you would select the Start button click the arrow to the right of Shut down and select Switch User You can now switch between users by pressing Ctrl Alt Delete and selecting the correct user Save any open files because if another user shuts down the computer you will lose your work The options you see on you
85. top from too much clutter Managing Files with Disk Cleanup Error Checking Scan Disk and Defragmenter Before running any of these programs use the Disk Cleanup program to remove any unwanted files This utility is available only for cleaning a hard drive it is not applicable to removable storage devices except for external removable hard drives The unwanted files include things such as temporary Internet files and downloaded program files these files simply take up space and slow down the computer Empty the Recycle Bin to free up even more disk space Do this on a weekly basis To use the Disk Cleanup program 1 Right click the Hard drive icon in Computer 2 Click the Properties option 3 Click the General tab 4 Click Disk Cleanup button Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Disk Management Concepts Alternatively you can select Start All Programs Accessories System Tools and Disk Cleanup Select just your files or all files on the computer and then run the program Next use an error checking tool Scan Disk to check the file system for errors and bad sectors Some technicians recommend using this tool once a week others recommend using it once a month and others recommend never unless you are a computer repair person In reality many users perform an Error Checking Scan Disk diagnostic once or twice a year Close all programs including any program running in the background befo
86. tyle or use the new Aero peek When many windows are open the cascade option works well if it is necessary to see the open windows With this option open windows will cascade from the top of the screen down with the title bar of each open window visible to the user Use the stacked and side by side arrangements to partition the screen into quadrants depending on the number of open windows These options are useful when the user wants to drag and drop data from one window to another See Figure 3 18 for examples of cascade and Aero 3D styles and Table 3 1 for specific functions and directions Managing Folders and Files This section deals with the management of files and folders The file system is a key element for working efficiently and effectively with a computer Conse quently knowing how to find access and manage files is important to man aging the computer system as a whole Use Computer to access files and folder options and to see all the folders and subfolders which indicate the structure of the storage devices Figure 3 19 shows the Computer window without the folder option expanded on the left and with the folder option expanded on the right This section first introduces some basic file and folder management concepts The specifics of creating renaming moving copying and deleting files and folders then follow Designating Default Disk Drives The default drive is the drive that the program uses to find and save files unle
87. ve example you may create subfolders for each semester and subfolders in them for each course Jones amp Bartlett Learning LLC NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION Managing Folders and Files 145 Some rules tips for creating and using the folder and subfolder structure are summarized here 1 Select your organizational scheme carefully keeping in mind the nature of how you work At work you may not have a choice when working on project teams but you may provide some suggestions 2 Place each application suite in its own folder with subfolders holding each application program This structure makes installation of new ver sions deletions of old versions and maintenance of files easier and is done by default with some installations Some suites also create subfolders for shared suite files and create the necessary structure automatically during the software installation process 3 Place programs that don t belong to application suites in the Program Files folder in their own subfolder with an appropriate name representing the application For example Adobe Acrobat Reader should have its own sub folder Some users create a folder called Downloads and then create sub folders within it for each downloaded program This is not the same as the downloads folder that is part of the windows system These subfolders are then backed up and used whenever needed Other users also create a Utility folder off the root and then place each utility

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