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E1412A User`s Manual and SCPI Programming Guide

1. shi ld at source Twisted shielded pair Figure 1 4 Frequency or Period Measurement Connections Chapter 1 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 19 y ae EE Twisted shielded pair ignal sitaqe Isurec ER ee a aa 1 Refe se Hage prevent ground Not connect Banana Plug j r NC A o 3 A Le ee ignal Voltage fs gt j Sa T N 4 Twisted shielded pair J ual 3anana Figure 1 6 Voltage Ratio Vdc Measurement Connections 20 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup Chapter 1 Null the Test Cable Resistance Method A Manually characterize the cable resistance then input the following commands CONF RES 100 CALC FUNC NULL CALC NULL OFFS lt cable_resistance gt CALC STAT ON Short test c t cable end at Dl T Current Fl to 4 ae Twisted shieldec Method B aur then automatically store the cable resistance offset with the following commands CONF RES 100 CALC FUNC NULL CALC STAT ON READ stores the null offset value Enter reading will be O because the null offset is subtracted from itself Short the test cable end under program c
2. Temperature Coefficient 24 Hour 2 90 Day 1 Year 0 C 18 C Function Range 3 Frequency 23 C 1 C 23 C 5 C 23 C 5 C 28 C 55 C 100 0000 mV 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 00 0 03 1 00 0 04 1 00 0 04 0 100 0 004 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 03 0 35 0 04 0 35 0 04 0 035 0 004 10 Hz 20 kHz 0 04 0 03 0 05 0 04 0 06 0 04 0 005 0 004 20 kHz 50 kHz 0 10 0 05 0 11 0 05 0 12 0 05 0 011 0 005 50 kHz 100 kHz 0 55 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 060 0 008 True RMS AC 100 kHz 300 kHz 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 0 200 0 020 Voltage 4 7000000 V 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 00 0 02 1 00 0 03 1 00 0 03 0 100 0 003 to 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 02 0 35 0 03 0 35 0 03 0 035 0 003 100 000V 10 Hz 20 kHz 0 04 0 02 0 05 0 03 0 06 0 03 0 005 0 003 12 20 kHz 50 kHz 0 10 0 04 0 11 0 05 0 12 0 05 0 011 0 005 50 kHz 100 kHz 0 55 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 60 0 08 0 060 0 008 100 kHz 300 kHz 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 5 00 0 50 0 200 0 020 300 000V 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 00 0 06 1 00 0 09 1 00 0 09 0 100 0 009 12 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 06 0 35 0 09 0 35 0 09 0 035 0 009 10 Hz 20 kHz 0 04 0 06 0 05 0 09 0 06 0 09 0 005 0 009 20 kHz 50 kHz 0 10 0 12 0 11 0 15 0 12 0 15 0 011 0 015 50 kHz 100 kHz 5 0 55 0 24 0 60 0 24 0 60 0 24 0 060 0 024 100 kHz 300 kHz 5 5 00 1 50 5 00 1 50 5 00 1 50 0 200 0 060 1 000000 A 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 05 0 04 1 05 0 04 1 05 0 04 0 100
3. Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt source gt discrete BUS EXT IMMediate none TTLTrgO through TTLTrg7 Comments The TRIGger SOURce command only selects the trigger source You must use the INITiate command to place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state The MEASure command automatically executes an INITiate command TRIGger SOURce EXT uses the multimeter s front panel Trig BNC connector as the trigger source The multimeter triggers on the falling negative going edge of a 5V TTL input signal maximum input is 5V to the front panel BNC connector TRIGger IMMediate causes a trigger to occur immediately provided the multimeter is placed in the wait for trigger state using INITiate READ or MEAS When a Group Execute Trigger GET bus command or TRG common command is executed and the multimeter is not in the wait for trigger state the Trigger ignored error is generated The CONFigure and MEASure command subsystems automatically set the trigger source to TRIG SOUR IMM The READ command cannot be used if the trigger source is TRIG SOUR BUS Related Commands INITiate READ MEAS e RST Condition TRIG SOUR IMM Example Set the Sample Source CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 external triggers READ Place multimeter in wai
4. Default Trigger Delays for AC Voltage and AC Current all ranges AC Filter Trigger Delay 3Hz 300kHz filter 7 0sec 20Hz 300kHz filter 1 0sec 200Hz 300k filter 600ms Default Trigger Delay for Frequency and Period 1 0s 50 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Querying the Delay Time The Sample Count Example Setting the Sample Count Checking the Sample Count The TRIGger DELay MINimum MAXimum command returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger delay 1 us through 3600 seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum trigger delay available 1 us if MIN is specified The maximum trigger delay available 3600 seconds if MAX is specified The SAMPle COUNt lt number gt command designates the number of readings per trigger The number parameter sets the number of readings to a value between 1 and 50 000 Substituting MIN for the number parameter sets the number of readings per trigger to 1 Substituting MAX for the number parameter sets the number of readings per trigger to 50 000 In the following example 10 DC voltage measurements are made when the multimeter s external trigger BNC connector is pulsed low After the 10 readings are taken the multimeter returns to the idle state dimension array Dimension computer array CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is
5. WARNINGS The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation service and repair of this product Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the product Agilent Technologies Inc assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements Ground the equipment For Safety Class 1 equipment equipment having a protective earth terminal an uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the mains power source to the product input wiring terminals or supplied power cable DO NOT operate the product in an explosive atmosphere or in the presence of flammable gases or fumes For continued protection against fire replace the line fuse s only with fuse s of the same voltage and current rating and type DO NOT use repaired fuses or short circuited fuse holders Keep away from live circuits Operating personnel must not remove equipment covers or shields Procedures involving the removal of covers or shields are for use by service trained personnel only Under certain conditions dangerous voltages may exist even with the equipment switched off To avoid dangerous electrical shock DO NOT perform procedures involving cover or shield removal unless you are qualified to do so DO NOT operate damaged equipment Whenever it is possible that the safety protection fea
6. Number of Power Line Cycles NPLC Resolution 0 02 0 0001 X Full Scale 0 2 0 00001 X Full Scale 1 0 000003 X Full Scale 10 0 000001 X Full Scale 100 0 0000003 X Full Scale Resolution is stored in volatile memory The multimeter sets itself to 10 PLCs at power on or after a module reset DC voltage ratio measurements use both the HI LO input terminals input signal and the HI LO Q 4W Sense terminals the reference signal The resolution specified applies to the input signal applied to the HI LO input terminals for ratio measurements and not the reference signal applied to the Sense terminals Set the resolution using the following commands CONFigure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX lt resolution gt MIN MAX MEASure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX lt resolution gt MIN MAX SENSe lt function gt lt resolution gt MIN MAX 38 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Integ ration Time Integration time is the period during which the multimeter s analog to digital A D converter samples the input signal for a measurement Integration time affects the measurement resolution for better resolution use a longer integration time and measurement speed for faster measurement use a shorter integration time Integration time applies to de voltage de current resistance and four wire resistance functions only The integration time for the math operations is t
7. The voltmeter complete signal is always routed to the multimeter s front panel VM Complete BNC connector When enabled ON the OUTPut command also routes voltmeter complete to the specified trigger line on connector P2 When disabled OFF voltmeter complete is routed only to the multimeter s front panel connector The multimeter generates the voltmeter complete signal after it has sampled the input for each reading The length of time this low going TTL signal is true low depends on the aperture time and on the autozero mode as shown below Aperture Time Voltmeter Complete Low Autozero ON Autozero OFF 320ms 50Hz 350ms 350us 267 ms 60 Hz 370s 370s 20ms 50Hz 20 5ms 370us 16 7ms 60Hz 17 2ms 390 us 2 5ms 400Hz 3 1ms 430 us 100 us 520 us 250 s 10us 70us The VXIbus trigger lines are open collector TTL lines that remain in a non asserted high state until the voltmeter complete signal is sent More than one TTL output trigger line can be enabled at one time e RST Condition OUTP TTLTn OFF Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 111 Example Route Voltmeter Complete to Trigger Line OUTP TTLT7 ON Route signal to trigger line 7 TTLTrg STATe OUTPut TTLTrg lt n gt STATe returns a number to show whether VXIbus trigger line routing of the voltmeter complete signal is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer
8. CALibration VALue lt cal_value gt specifies the value of the known calibration signal used by the calibration procedure See the El412A Service Manual Chapter 5 Adjustments for a more detailed description of the multimeter s calibration adjustment procedures Parameter Name lt cal_value gt Parameter Type numeric Range of Values See the service manual Default Units none e RST does not affect the calibration value Enter the Known Value for the Calibration Source Signal CAL VAL 10 0 Enter calibration value CALibration VALue queries the present calibration value Query the Calibration Value CAL VAL enter statement 82 Multimeter Command Reference Query the calibration value Enter value into computer Chapter 3 ZERO AUTO Parameters Comments ZERO AUTO Chapter 3 CALibrate ZERO AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autozero mode Autozero applies to de voltage de current and 2 wire ohms measurements only 4 wire ohms and dc voltage ratio measurements automatically enable the autozero mode Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 ONCE none You can use 0 for OFF and 1 for ON in the mode parameter The ON parameter enables autozero This is the default parameter which causes the multimeter to internally disconnect the input signal fol
9. Any value greater than 300kHz will cause a Data out of range error The maximum range for all three filters is 300kHz Specify the lowest frequency expected in the input signal The multimeter selects the appropriate filter based on the table below Comments The following table lists the filter frequency range and the settling time for making measurements AC Voltage or Current AC Filter Max Reading Rate for Input Frequency Selected Adequate Seitling 3Hz to 300kHz Slow filter 1 reading 7 seconds 20Hz to 300kHz Medium filter 1 reading second default 200 Hz to 300kHz Fast filter 10 readings second The ac filter selection is stored in volatile memory and returns to the 20Hz filter medium when power is removed or after a module reset The upper limit on all three filters is 300kHz The slow filter is 3 Hz the medium filter is 20Hz and the fast filter is 200 Hz The CONFigure and MEASure commands select the 20 Hz filter RST Condition DET BAND 20 medium filter Example Set the ac Signal Filter for Fast Measurements From 200 Hz to 300kHz DET BAND 200 Selects the fast filter Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 127 DETector BANDwidth SENSe DETector BANDwidth returns which ac filter has been selected The value returned is 3 20 or 200 The value is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Detector Bandwidth DET BAND 200 Select 200 Hz bandwidth fast filter DE
10. FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer Retrieve the AVERage math operation response from the multimeter CALC AVER AVER Retrieve the average measurement value CALC AVER MAX Retrieve the maximum measurement value CALC AVER MIN Retrieve the minimum measurement value Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 61 SYNCHMAV This program has the multimeter take 10 measurements just like SY NCHOPC Source Code File Readings are transferred to the output buffer by a FETC command The Message Available bit MAV in the status byte see Figure 2 5 on page 60 is monitored to detect when the measurements are complete and the Multimeter has readings in the output buffer Readings are retrieved by the computer when the MAV bit in the status byte indicates the measurements are complete and readings are available The Multimeter then calculates the average minimum and maximum reading xk Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers CONF VOLT 15 Configure for dc volts expected input of 15V VOLT DC NPLC 10 Set number of power line cycles to 10 TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 triggers TRIG DEL 01 Use a 10ms delay before each measurement CALC FUNC AVER Select a math function CALC ST
11. Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments MINimum selects 0 02 PLCs MAXimum selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in power line cycles PLCs also sets the aperture time and the resolution For example 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167 ms 60 Hz line frequency or 200ms 50Hz The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The FRES NPLC command overrides the results of previously executed FRESistance APERture and FRESistance RESolution commands the last command executed has priority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise The 0 02 and 0 2 fractional PLC settings do not provide normal mode rejection of power line related noise e RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the Integration Time in PLCs FRES NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs FRESistance NPLC SENSe FRESistance NPLC MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the Integration Time FRES N
12. SENSe RES RANG 1E5 SENSe FRES RANG 1E5 R5 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 300 CURR DC DOES NOT APPLY SENSe RES RANG 1E6 SENSe FRES RANG 1E6 R6 VOLT DC DOES NOT APPLY CURR DC DOES NOT APPLY SENSe RES RANG 10E6 SENSe FRES RANG 10E6 R7 VOLT DC DOES NOT APPLY CURR DC DOES NOT APPLY SENSe RES RANG 100E6 SENSe FRES RANG 100E6 194 Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs Appendix C E1412A Resolution Using Special Functions and Ranges Resolution remains a function of the NPLC parameter set at the time a special function or range is used The NPLC setting is fixed throughout use of the special functions and ranges unless you change the setting with the SENSe lt function gt NPLC command or configure the multimeter with the CONFigure command using a resolution that changes the NPLC setting The resolution will track the NPLC setting as shown in Tables 3 1 3 2 and 3 3 beginning on page 70 The following table shows range and NPLC settings for power on and after a module reset Changing a range within one function does not place other functions at that range setting Each function operates independently E1412 E1412 Special Function Power on State RST State F1 10V R3 NPLC 10 300V R5 NPLC 10 F2 1A R3 NPLC 10 1A R3 NPLC 10 F3 1kQ R2 NPLC 10 1KQ R2 NPLC 10 F4 1kQ R2 NPLC 10 1KQ R2 NPLC 10 Note
13. 0 No error indicates Complete the error queue is empty See Appendix B E1312A and E1412A Multimeter Error Messages for a list of all errors Sample turns on while the multimeter is sampling the input for a measurement The Sample indicator typically will blink HI Input Terminals MEN The multimeter s front panel contains terminals for connecting LEY input signals receiving external trigger signals and accessing the voltmeter complete pulse I be Y NOTE The outer shells of the Trig and VM Complete es i BNC connectors are connected to chassis as is the knurled BANU knob above the HI terminal ense HI JC Max UN Le l E 7 2 NOTE The E1412A front panel layout is shown in this figure E1312A front panel indicators and input terminal layout is dimensionally the same as this figure Figure 1 2 Multimeter Measurement Terminals 18 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup Chapter 1 Multimeter Functional Connections RELAY MUX WARNING Shock Hazard Do not use unshrouded bare banana plugs as shown for voltages over 30 Vrms or 60 VDC For higher voltages use probe assemblies rated for the appropriate voltage and equipped with shrouded banana plugs Use Banana Plugs to connect field wiring to the input terminals of the Multimeter
14. 109 ratio range resolution 95 110 resolution 151 specifications 171 173 frequency measurements range 129 130 induced 28 maximum 15 measurement ac 32 36 Index 211 ac below full scale 34 connections 20 de 25 28 offset 28 measuring removing 34 period measurement range 137 138 ratio Vdc measurement connections 20 thermoelectric 25 26 VXIbus Trigger Lines TTLTrg0 TTLTrg7 46 160 VXIplug amp play See online help W WAI 166 Wait for Trigger State 45 48 Wait for Trigger State 99 Warnings 10 Z ZERO autozero CALibration ZERO AUTO 83 CALibration ZERO AUTO 83 SENSe ZERO AUTO 152 SENSe ZERO AUTO 152 212 Index
15. Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition none Power On Condition register is cleared IDN returns identification information for the E1412A C size multimeter The response consists of four fields HEWLETT PACKARD E1412A 0 A 0x 0x A 0x 0x The first two fields identify this instrument as model number E1412A manufactured by Agilent Technologies but listed as Hewlett Packard The third field is 0 since the serial number of the multimeter is unknown to the firmware The last field indicates the revision level of the inguard outguard firmware The firmware revision field will change whenever the firmware is revised A 01 00 A 01 00 is the initial revision The first two digits indicate the major revision number and increment when functional changes are made The last two digits indicate the functional improvement level Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No e RST Condition none Power On Condition register is cleared OPC causes the E1412A to wait for all pending operations to complete after which the Operation Complete bit bit 0 in the Standard Event Status Register is set The OPC suspends any other activity on the bus until the multimeter completes all commands sent to it prior to the OPC command Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands OPC WAI e RST Condition none 164 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 OPC OP
16. Figure 2 2 illustrates the C size set up The switch module multiplexer and multimeter use the VXI backplane to communicate the trigger and VM Complete signals to each other to synchronize the scan Command Modul E14 E147 poe lultimet fodul iltiplexer M j l EIAS Sip TEA a Le o Terminal Module a jl sl Trig NS i a i D w compl AL K e Si E E i 0 0 e e E E a i O E1476A Multiplexer Modules Figure 2 2 E1412A Multimeter and Switch Module Synchronization Figure 2 3 shows the E1312A set up using external triggering Note the E1312A is obsolete and no longer supported Figure 2 3 is for information only B size command modules do not support VXIbus TTL triggers Command Module Event Ir Trig Out x 4 ze a55 E EEE c log Sus to Multimeter Input Figure 2 3 E1312A Multimeter obsolete and unsupported and Switch Modul
17. MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and after a module reset RST PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3 33E 01 3 33E 07 MAX 3 33E 01 3 33E 05 DEF AUTO and module 3 33E 01 3 33E 06 reset RST 106 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 RESistance MEASure RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 2 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100Q 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 10MQ 100MQ MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100Q MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parame
18. MEASURE1 Use the MEAS Command to Make a Single Measurement Source Code File RST Reset the multimeter MEAS VOLT DC Configure dc volts default settings and measure retrieve the reading from the multimeter enter statement Enter reading into computer Comments The MEASure command configures the multimeter for the function specified and initiates the measurement The reading is stored in the output buffer and you must provide the I O construct to retrieve the reading and enter it into the computer MEASURE2 Making Externally Triggered Measurements multiple triggers samples Source Code File RST Reset the multimeter CONF VOLT DC 18 Configure for dc volts expected input 18V TRIG SOUR EXT Set trigger source to external TRIG COUN 3 Set trigger count to 3 SAMP COUN 10 Set sample count to 10 per trigger INIT Puts multimeter in wait for trigger state EXTernal triggers occur here to initiate measurements Measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer enter statement Enter reading into computer Comments You must provide a TTL external trigger signal to the E1412A front panel Trig input BNC Measurements are triggered by low pulses of this signal Each trigger results in 10 readings The CONFigure command configures the multimeter for the function specified This CONFigure comman
19. Manual You then enter a new code and remove the jumper Example Enter a New Calibration Security Code CAL SEC STAT OFF HP_E1412 Unsecure with the old code CAL SEC CODE the_new_code Enter a new calibration code a maximum of 12 characters 80 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 SECure STATe Parameters Comments Example SECure STATe Example STRing Parameters Comments Chapter 3 CALibration SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt unsecures or secures the multimeter for calibration The calibration code must be the code set by the CAL SEC CODE command The state is stored in non volatile memory Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units OFF ON boolean OFF 0 ON 1 none lt code gt discrete up to 12 characters none set by CAL SEC CODE You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters The multimeter calibration is secured when shipped from the factory The security code is set to HP_E1412 RST does not change the state Set the Calibration State to Unsecured CAL SEC STAT OFF HP_E1412 Unsecure multimeter calibration CALibration SECure STATe returns a 1 or 0 to show whether the calibration security state is enabled 1 or disabled 0 The number is sent to the output buffer Query the Calibration Security State CAL SEC STAT Query multimeter calibration security state enter
20. Maximum 5 1 at full scale 3 Hz 300kHz Slow filter 20Hz 300kHz Medium filter 200 Hz 300kHz Fast filter 1MQ 2 in parallel with 100 pF 300 Vrms all ranges Direct coupled to the fuse and shunt AC coupled True RMS measurement measures the ac component only 0 1Q for 1A and 3A ranges 1A range lt 1 Vrms 3A range lt 2 Vrms Externally accessible 3 15A 250V Class H fuse Class H fuses are fuses with a high interrupt rating which defines a fuse s ability to safely interrupt and clear short circuits Replace the fuse with part number 2110 0957 3 15A 250V 5 0 mm diameter 20 0 mm long or use Cooper Industries Inc fuse part number GDA 3 15 E1412A Multimeter Specifications 175 AC Characteristics continued Operating Characteristics Function Digits Readings sec AC Filter 6 1 2 1 Slow 3Hz per 7 seconds 8 7 sec settling time ACV and ACI 61 2 1 8 Medium 20 Hz 6 1 2 1 6 8 9 Fast 200Hz 6 1 2 50 10 Fast 200 Hz System Speeds 10 11 Function or Range Change 5 sec Autorange Time lt 0 8 sec ASCII readings to GPIB 50 sec Max Internal Trigger Rate 50 sec Max External Trigger Rate to Memory 50 sec 1 2 3 4 Specifications are for 1 hour warm up at 100 PLC integration time 3 Hz Slow ac filter sinewave input Relative to calibration standards 20 overrange on all AC ranges except 300V and 3A ranges which have 1 overrange
21. Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurement send readings to the output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer VOLTage AC RANGe SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present voltage range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 10V range 10V is the range returned The minimum voltage range available with the VOLTage AC RANGe command 100mV if MIN is specified The maximum voltage range available with the VOLTage AC RANGe command 300V if MAX is specified 144 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 Example Query the Measurement Range VOLT AC RANG 10 Select 10V range VOLT AC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for AC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using VOLTage AC RANGe auto
22. SPUINC HOD in ada a eT ec OE AEE ar tii 76 FUNCIONE miii tacita eaa aaa erais 76 LIMETO We EA AS T11 TELMO WEY a e r e e a a e a a es T11 LIMtUPPer co lata Td BOB A FT est OO ds Re la datada ic ize 71 NUEE ODEES A AE E T E EEE E E A A E E E 78 NUEE OEES tas A EE 78 A A A 78 O TALES E EE E AEE EE A a o EE EE E 78 CALIDO ANE E A EEE A AT ITEE eho Rass 79 LO DINI a ata 79 LEFReGUEDOY eeo dd de R OE to sda Ea 79 SLERe quency static 80 SSE Cure CODE iaa dla 80 PSE Cure SEA TG a ca asia 81 SECU SPA Ge cece A A A A Uae eae ee 81 SERINE verie A it ii At abd ohh 81 SPRING ii 82 WATE UG ica vnc ae dovastos R T EAEE E A tea A E E T 82 VALUE O EEE 82 LERO AUTO tt EAE N I ESE E Ride 83 ZLERDAUTTO S A E hc BORE ES 83 CALIDA ON hata lit lia iia led 84 CONFI SUG i e oaae S eea e iep tad 85 SCORRE A iis de da AA A Ai 87 CURRADO tries 88 EREQUEDC Yui tail rd lt alii 89 FRESIStINCS E E ERR 90 PERO a lo iia 91 RESISTADCS ratita oie des E E Eo vico ida 92 VOL Tage A A A UA 93 EVOE Tas SIC inc a eccles cobs c3 Sancs oh capes sass face cesta ce ae eean enia oraa eo a eae 94 EVOL Tage DE ERA TO coi tad 95 CONEIgUTE Penri o aa Chest aa ile Pas a 96 DATA url tao idos dla sabes ected Hab ida aia 97 PONS airada TENER EEEE ista 97 Contents 3 4 Contents Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference continued FETCO Ratas iio a ip ia 98 INET ate caida et tds is 99 ElMMMediate isa tactica eas 99 INP a en dde ads 100 I
23. This section describes the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI for the E1412A 6 Digit Multimeter Commands are listed alphabetically by subsystem and also within each subsystem Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 71 ABORt The ABORt command subsystem removes the multimeter from the wait for trigger state and places it in the idle state ABORt is only effective when the trigger source is TRIGger SOURce BUS Subsystem Syntax ABORt Example Aborting a Measurement CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR BUS Trigger source is BUS trigger INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state ABOR Abort waiting for a trigger and place multimeter in idle state Comments ABORT does not affect any other settings of the trigger system When the INITiate command is sent the trigger system will respond as it did before ABORt was executed ABORt returns the multimeter to the idle state for TRIGger SOURce BUS The Trigger ignored error is generated when a Group Execute Trigger GET bus command or TRG common command is executed after an ABORt command which puts the multimeter into the idle state Related Commands INITiate TRIGger e RST Condition After a a RST the multimeter acts as though an ABORt has occurred 72 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CALCulate There are five math operations available AVERage DB DBM LIMit and NULL only one can be enabled at a time Each per
24. and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using VOLTage DC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF In order to specify an aperture time of 10 us you must select a fixed range e g VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage RANGe e RST Condition VOLT DC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The value is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLT DC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 150 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC RESolution SENSe VOLTage DC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for DC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX volts Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using VOLTage DC RANGe before
25. input leads for 2 wire ohms measurements that will follow READ Measures and stores the offset value dB Measurements Each dB measurementis the difference between the input signal and a stored relative value with both values converted to dBm dB reading in dBm relative value in dBm Applies to de voltage and ac voltage measurements only The relative value is adjustable and you can set it to any value between OdBm and 200 00dBm well beyond the multimeter s measurement capabilities Clearing the relative value The relative value is stored in volatile memory the value is cleared when power is removed after the module 1s reset or after a function change Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Storing the dB Do not confuse this operation with the dBm reference DBM function See Reference Value the next section dBm Measurements and take note of the multimeter s reference resistance setting dB uses a reference level dBm uses a reference resistance The dB reference value is stored in the multimeter s dB Relative Register You can enter a specific number into the register using the CALCulate DB REFerence lt value gt command Any previously stored value is replaced with the new value Use the following commands to activate the dBm function and input a reference value The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the dB Relative Register CALCulate FUNCtion DB S
26. 151 setting 15 38 197 using special non SCPI commands 195 versus integration time 70 71 RST 165 S Sample Count 51 114 115 querying 51 115 setting 51 114 SAMPle Subsystem 114 115 SAMPle COUNt 51 114 SAMPle COUNt 51 115 SCPI Commands abbreviated 68 ABORt subsystem 72 CALCulate subsystem 73 78 CALibration subsystem 79 83 CALibration command 84 command format 67 command quick reference 167 170 command reference 71 161 CONFigure subsystem 85 95 CONFigure command 96 DATA subsystem 97 FETCh command 98 198 implied 68 INITiate subsystem 99 INPut subsystem 100 linking 69 MEASure subsystem 101 110 OUTPut subsystem 111 112 parameters 69 quick reference 167 170 READ command 113 198 SAMPle subsystem 114 115 SENSe subsystem 116 152 separator 68 specifying 22 STATus subsystem 153 154 SYSTem subsystem 155 TRIGger subsystem 156 161 Security Code 80 81 Self Test 22 23 Self Test Errors 189 SENSe Subsystem 116 152 SENS CURRent AC RANGe 119 SENS CURRent AC RANGe 119 SENS CURRent AC HRANGe AUTO 120 SENS CURRent AC RANGe AUTO 12 0 SENS CURRent AC RESolution 121 SENS CURRent AC RESolution 121 SENS CURRent DC APERture 122 SENS CURRent DC APERture 122 SENS CURRent DC NPLCycles 123 SENS CURRent DC NPLCycles 123 SENS CURRent DC RANGe 124 SENS CURRent DC RANGe 124 SENS CURRent DC RANGe AUTO 125 SENS CURRent DC RANGe AUTO 12 5 SENS CURRent DC RESolution 126
27. 164 OPC 164 OPC 165 RST 165 SRE 165 SRE 165 STB 166 TRG 46 48 160 TST 166 WAL 166 abbreviated 68 common 162 167 common command format 67 implied 68 linking 69 low level 101 non SCPI function 193 198 non SCPI range 193 198 parameters 69 SCPI command format 67 separator 68 types of 67 upper case vs lower case 68 Common Commands CLS 155 163 ESE 163 ESE 163 ESR 164 IDN 164 OPC 164 OPC 165 RST 165 SRE 165 SRE 165 STB 166 TRG 46 48 160 TST 166 WAI 166 format 67 quick reference 162 167 Common Mode errors 35 rejection CMR 27 CONFigure Subsystem 85 95 CONF CURRent AC 87 202 Index CONF CURRent DC 88 CONF FREQuency 89 CONF FRESistance 90 CONF PERiod 91 CONF RESistance 92 CONF VOLTage AC 93 CONF VOLTage DC 94 CONF VOLTage DC RATio 95 CONFigure Command 96 Configuring for Highest Accuracy Measurements 184 Connections 2 wire ohms measurement 21 30 4 wire ohms measurement 21 29 analog bus 19 best type 25 current measurement 22 frequency measurement 19 functional multimeter 19 22 period measurement 19 twisted pair 28 voltage measurement 20 voltage ratio Vdc measurement 20 Count point calibrations 79 readings 74 114 115 samples 51 114 115 trigger 48 49 156 157 Crest Factor error 33 180 Current ac high speed measurements 36
28. 3A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1A MAX 3A For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 5 on page 71 for resolution choices To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters see next bullet comment In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify the MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEF parameter for range and specify MIN or MAX e g CONF CURR AC DEF MIN or CONF CURR AC DEF MAX or CONF CURR AC AUTO MIN or CONF CURR AC AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter DEF or AUTO This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Example Making AC Current Measurements CONF CURR AC 3 MAX Function dc current range selected 3A MAX resolution 0 3 mA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3
29. Application Information 55 MEASURE4 Maximizing Accuracy most accurate resolution longer integration time Source Code File RST Reset the multimeter CONF VOLT DC AUTO MIN Configure for de volts autorange minimum resolution longest integration time TRIG SOUR EXT Set trigger source to external TRIG COUN 2 Set trigger count to 2 SAMP COUN 10 Set sample count to 10 READ Initiate measurements putting them directly into output buffer retrieve them with the computer enter statement Enter reading into computer Comments The CONFigure command configures the multimeter for the function specified This CONFigure command specifies autorange and minimum resolution the smallest resolution value which is the best resolution It does not initiate the measurement Specifying a small value for resolution provides the most accurate measurements This will increase the integration time NPLCs and therefore require more time for the measurements Trigger source TRIG SOUR is set for an external trigger trigger count TRIG COUN of 2 is set the multimeter will accept two external triggers The sample count SAMP COUN is set for 10 samples per external trigger The READ command puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state When the first external trigger is received the measurement process begins This will cause the multimeter to make 10 measurements for the first external trigger go to the wait for trigger
30. Comments The CALibration command subsystem allows you to enter a security code to prevent accidental or unauthorized calibrations of the multimeter When you first receive your multimeter it is secured You must unsecure it by entering the correct security code before you can calibrate the multimeter see CALibration SECure STATe command CALibration COUNt LFRequency 50 60 400 LFRequency MIN MAX SECure CODE lt new code gt SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt SECure STATe STRing lt quoted string gt STRing VALue lt cal_value gt VALue ZERO AUTO ON OFF ZERO AUTO CALibration COUNt queries the multimeter to determine the number of times a point calibration has occurred A complete calibration of the multimeter increases the count by the number of points calibrated It is not a record of complete calibrations The count is stored in non volatile memory e RST does not change the calibration count stored in non volatile memory Query the Number of Occurrences of Point Calibrations CAL COUN Query the calibration count CALibration LFRequency 50 60 400 sets the line frequency to either 50 Hz or 60 Hz The wrong line frequency setting will cause reading errors to occur You must execute the CAL LFR command with a parameter of 50 or 400 to change the line frequency setting to 50Hz Specifying 400 Hz sets line frequency to 50Hz since 400 is an even multiple of 50 Default Setting 60 Hz RST does n
31. Conformity ocooocccoccnocnnocnnoncnanononana nono nonncconanancnnn con ncons 11 Chapter 1 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup cssscsssscssssscsssscsssscssscssssssssescssssseess 15 Using This Chapters tdt At E e a 15 General Information acaricio dcir 15 Setting the Module Address Switch eee eeeessesseceseceeeesseeesecaeceaeeeeeeeeeeaaecsaeeaeenes 16 A A RO 17 Setting the Line Frequency Reference oooconocnnoconocnnoncnoncnonononcnnnonnncnnn ran nono conan cn nacnncnnos 17 Checking the Line Frequency Reference ooooonnccnocinoconocononcnnonnncnnnonacrononnnannannnos 17 Multimeter Functional Connections c oooccocccnoccninnnnononanonccnnncconnncnnnn cono no nnn concen ncnnnno 19 Initlal O peral escore ekee iria dnd de 22 Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information oooomommsmss 25 Using his Chapter seins iia bci diario 25 Measurement Tutorial iia aia 25 DC Voltage Measurements rata dia 25 Thermal EME Errors asiaticos isa 25 Loading Errors d Volts second rera eaa e anat 26 Leakage Current EITS eiii ii 26 Rejecting Power Line Noise Voltages ooonnconncnnnnnnoconocnnoncnnnnnnnnonncnnnornncnnccnnccnnnos 27 Common Mode Rejection CMR coccoccconoccnonncnnonoconcccnnnononononnncnnnncnnn nc cnnn conan ccnnnass 27 Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops c ccocococcnocncocononononananananonn conan con ccno nono nrnnc nn ncnnccnnnos 28 Noise Caused by Ground Loops coccococccoccnocononnnonoconanananancnn n
32. Example Query Voltmeter Complete Destination OUTP TTLT7 ON Route signal to trigger line 7 OUTP TTLT7 Query multimeter to return trigger line mode enter statement Enter value into computer 112 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 READ Subsystem Syntax Comments The READ command is most commonly used with CONFigure to Place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state executes the INITiate command Transfer the readings directly to the output buffer when the trigger is received same action as FETCh but the readings are not stored in internal memory as with the FETCh command READ The READ command is slower than the INITiate command since readings are formatted and sent to the output buffer as they are taken However the sample count and trigger count are not limited with READ since memory is not used This command causes the multimeter to start taking readings as soon as its trigger requirements are met same as the INIT command Each reading sent to the output buffer is terminated with a Line Feed LF The GPIB End or Identify EOD signal is sent with the last byte transferred If multiple readings are returned the readings are separated by commas and EOI is sent only with the last byte The output buffer capacity is 128 bytes The multimeter remains busy with a full buffer until you begin removing readings from it Readings are placed directly in the output buffer and are not stored in int
33. However many applications require high speed measurements This appendix discusses two topics 1 special non SCPI function F1 F2 F3 and F4 and range R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 and R7 commands used to speed up measurement setup and 2 how to increase measurement speed where reduced reading accuracy 1s acceptable E1412A Special Function and Range Commands Non SCPI The E1412A Multimeter has special function and range commands for DCV DCI 2 wire resistance RES and four wire resistance FRES shown in the following table ACV ACI frequency or period functions are not supported with these special commands Special Function and Range Commands RANGE FUNCTION R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 F1 DCV 1V 10V F2 DCI 0 01A 0 1A 1A 3A F3 RES 1000 1KQ 10KQ 100KQ 10MQ 100MQ F4 FRES 1000 1KQ 10KQ 100KQ 1MQ 10MQ 100MQ Appendix C These special commands act like a SENSe command to change a function or range The range command acts only on the current function For example if the current function is DCV and its range is 10V sending the range command R2 changes the DCV range to 1V but does not affect the DCI RES or FRES ranges To also change the 2 wire resistance range to the R2 setting you must send the commands F3 and R2 First F3 changes the current function from DCV to RES then R2 sets the range to 1KQ Sending F1 returns the function to D
34. INITiate READ e RST Condition Executing FETCh after a RST generates error Data corrupt or stale RST places the multimeter in the idle state Example Transferring Stored Readings to Output Buffer dimension array Dimension computer array to store 100 readings CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage SAMP COUN 100 100 readings per trigger INIT Store readings in internal memory trigger source is IMMediate by default FETC Place readings in output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 98 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 INITiate Subsystem Syntax IMMediate Comments The INITiate command subsystem places the multimeter in the wait for trigger state This command is most commonly used with CONFigure See the section titled Triggering the Multimeter beginning on page 45 for a complete description of the E1412 trigger system which discusses the wait for trigger state INITiate IMMediate INITiate IMMediate places the multimeter in the wait for trigger state When a trigger is received readings are placed in multimeter internal memory e After the trigger system is initiated using INITiate use the TRIGger command subsystem to control the behavior of the trigger system If TRIGger SOURce is IMMediate the measurement starts and readings are stored in internal memory as soon as INITiate is executed Readings stored in memory from previous commands are replaced by the new r
35. Information Chapter 2 Power Dissipation Effects Settling Time Effects Errors in High Resistance Measurements Making High Speed DC and Resistance Measurements Chapter 2 When measuring resistors designed for temperature measurements or other resistive devices with large temperature coefficients be aware that the multimeter will dissipate some power in the device under test If power dissipation is a problem you should select the multimeter s next higher measurement range to reduce the errors to acceptable levels Table 2 3 shows several examples Table 2 3 DUT Power Dissipation DUT Range Test Current Power at Full Scale 1000 1mA 100uW 1kQ 1mA 1mW 10kQ 100 nA 100uW 100kQ 10A 10W 1MQ 5uA 25uW 10MQ 500nA 2 5uW Both the E1412A has the ability to insert automatic measurement settling delays with the TRIG DEL command These delays are adequate for resistance measurements with less than 200pF of combined cable and device capacitance This is particularly important if you are measuring resistances above 100kQ Settling due to RC time constant effects can be quite long Some precision resistors and multi function calibrators use large parallel capacitors 1000pF to 0 1 uE with high resistor values to filter out noise currents injected by their internal circuitry Non ideal capacitances in cables and other devices may have much longer settling times than expected just by RC time co
36. MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum value for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 1 on page 70 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify DEFault for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEFault for range CONF VOLT DC DEF MIN or CONF VOLT DC DEF MAX or CONF
37. Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 333 ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60 Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7 ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1 PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The CURR DC APER command overrides the results of previously executed CURR DC NPLC and CURR DC RES commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency e RST Condition CURR DC APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or CURR DC APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7ms CURR APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7 ms CURRent DC APERture SENSe CURRent DC APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 333 ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 1 67 s 60 Hz 2 s 50Hz if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time CURR APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms CURR APER Query multimeter to
38. RESOlutiOn ccconcncnnnncnnnononononnonanannncnnonononononnnnnnnnonononanononicicininininos 135 PEROT APERTE surma dagatevdeensecsensdectnerteaveoavenessacenseaceonsecsdeesabesaeeetiy 136 PEROT APERTE kaaa aa a ee eS OE BORA 136 PERiod VOL Tage RANGE vota nda 137 PERiod VOL Tage RANGE 3 038 cite id 137 PERiod VOL Tage RANGe AUTO cococconoccncnnonncononannonncnononononnncnnncnn non ncconannncnnnos 138 PERiod VOL Tage RANGe AUTO coconnncnncononnnonnnannnnnnonncnonannnannncnn ccoo ncnnccnnccnnos 138 RESistance APERtUTE iii asas 139 RESistance APER ture iia isa 139 RESistance PLC iria alii iia 140 RES1staice NPECI ia i 140 RES stance RANGE iia a A A EEN 141 RESistance RANGE sic ccssccccsohess ti ira speseinvecstes 141 RESistance RANGe AUTO no ranea aae TE 142 RESistanc RANGE AUTO medeea aeeai aeie a aneri 142 RESistanc RES Oltra 143 Nr do IS A N 143 VOLTage ACIRANGE cnciriicasici dai 144 VOE Tage AG RANGE rotire eseri aae hae eer t aderir iosia 144 VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO riese aaee oeroet ar r a aana id 145 VOL Tage ACRANGE AUTO peeti ieee lt 145 VOLTage AC RES olution ine a E e aest 146 VOLTage AC RESOUN Pic n a Ee eeen e Eee eer eeraa K aa esei 146 VOLTageliDC A PER ture aonapo oe Saes eer Eeri Ran a PETEN E k 147 VOL Tage DGI APERTE ani A 147 WOE Tages DCLNPEG iia ii E EN datasets 148 VOLTagel D NPEC eiee E E ah aE EEEE E Taak 148 VOL T gel DCI RANGS rnei ein ennenen aneio ease e eriei E 149 VO Tage DCI RANGE d
39. Shielding inputs from external noise pickup is critical for minimizing measurement errors Appendix A E1412A Multimeter Specifications 177 Frequency and Period Characteristics continued Operating Characteristics 5 Function Frequency Period Integration Time Readings second 100 1 1 9 8 0 02 80 System Speeds 5 Configuration Rates Autorange Time Max Internal Trigger Rate Max External Trigger Rate to Memory 14 sec lt 0 6 sec 80 sec 80 sec 1 Specifications are for 1 hour warm up at 100 PLC integration time 2 Relative to calibration standards 4 Input gt 100mV For 10 mV input multiply of reading error x10 3 20 overrange on all ranges except 300 Vac range which has 1 overrange 5 Speeds are for 0 02 PLC integration time Delay 0 and 200Hz Fast ac filter 178 E1412A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A General Specifications Overvoltage Category 1 1500 V peak max impulse E1412A Available Power Amps SV Ipm maximum peak current 0 20A Idm maximum dynamic current 0 10A 12V Ipm maximum peak current 0 70A Idm maximum dynamic current 0 06A Cooling Slot Average Watts Slot 9 40 deltaP mm H20 0 05 Air Flow liters s 0 80 Operating Environment 0 C to 55 C 65 Relative Humidity to 40 C NOTE Recalibration may be required after exposure to humidity levels gt 65 Pollution deg
40. VOLT DC AUTO MIN or CONF VOLT DC AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Voltage Measurements CONF VOLT 0 825 MAX Function DC voltage range selected 1A MAX resolution 100 yA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state store readings in internal memory trigger source is IMMediate by default FETC Place readings in output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 94 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC RATio Note Parameters Comments Chapter 3 CONFigure VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF configures the multimeter for dc dc ratio measurements with the specified range and resolution dc signal voltage _ Hi and LO input iS dc reference voltage Sense HI and LO input The ratio is calculated from the voltage applied to the HI and LO input terminals divided by the reference voltage applied to the Sense HI and LO terminals Autoranging is automatically selected for the reference voltage measurement on the Sense HI and LO terminals The specified range in the command applies to the signal connected to the HI and LO input terminals Autorange on the Sense terminals is from 100mV to 10V range only Maximum voltage you can apply to th
41. Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 1 through 50 000 none MIN MAX INF Comments MIN selects 1 trigger MAX selects 50 000 triggers If MAX or 50 000 is specified for the number parameter the command will be accepted If you initiate measurements with an INITiate command an Insufficient memory error occurs to show that this generates too many readings to store in memory However you can use the READ command to return the readings to the output buffer and retrieve them with your controller The READ command is a combined INITiate and FETCh command CONFigure and MEASure set the trigger count to 1 RST Condition TRIG COUN 1 Example Set the Trigger Count CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is Trig BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 external triggers one measurement is taken with each trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurement when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 156 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 COUNt TRIGger COUNt MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger count 1 through 50 000 if MIN or MAX are not specified The minimum trigger count available 1 if MIN is specified The maximum trigger count available 50 000 if MAX is specifie
42. all of the Update information for the previous Edition Each new Edition or Update also includes a revised copy of this documentation history page Edition I potes inin EE n ae August 1995 Edition5Rev2 February 2006 Edition 2 zarie aE odo ad January 1996 Edition5Rev3B o o oocooo oooo o May 2012 Edition 3 piace aes ata dnd June 1996 Edition5Rev4 September 2012 Edition 4 mia A E October 1997 EditionS5RevS o ocoooccooccoooo o May 2015 Editi n S dit Mea A A A February 1998 Trademarks Microsoft is a U S registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Windows NT is a U S registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Safety Symbols Instruction manual symbol affixed to A product Indicates that the user must refer to Ay Alternating current AC the manual for specific WARNING or CAUTION information to avoid personal E injury or damage to the product e Indicates hazardous voltages Indicates the field wiring terminal that must lis be connected to earth ground before operating the equipment protects against electrical shock in case of fault Direct current DC Calls attention to a procedure practice or condition that could cause bodily injury or death WARNING Calls attention to a procedure practice or Frame or chassis ground terminal typically CAUTION ition that coul ibl t rig S l connects to the equipment s metal frame EA a Pe e cra
43. apply an additional low frequency error or crest factor error Understanding the of reading Error The reading error compensates for inaccuracies that result from the function and range you select as well as the input signal level The reading error varies according to the input level on the selected range This error is expressed in percent of reading The following table shows the reading error applied to the multimeter s 24 hour dc voltage specification Range Error Range Error Range Input Level of range Voltage 10Vdc 10Vdc 0 0015 lt 150uV 10Vdc 1Vdc 0 0015 lt 15uV 10Vdc 0 1Vdc 0 0015 lt 1 5uV Understanding the of range Error The range error compensates for inaccuracies that result from the function and range you select The range error contributes a constant error expressed as a percent of range independent of the input signal level The following table shows the range error applied to the multimeter s 24 hour de voltage specification Range Error Range Error Range Input Level of range Voltage 10Vdc 10Vdc 0 0004 lt 40uV 10Vdc 1Vdc 0 0004 lt 40uV 10Vdc 0 1 Vdc 0 0004 lt 40uV 180 E1412A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Total Measurement Error To compute the total measurement error add the reading error and range error You can then convert the total measurement error to a percent of input error o
44. be either new or like new 2 Agilent warrants that Agilent software will not fail to execute its programming instructions for the period specified above due to defects in material and workmanship when properly installed and used If Agilent receives notice of such defects during the warranty period Agilent will replace software media which does not execute its programming instructions due to such defects 3 Agilent does not warrant that the operation of Agilent products will be interrupted or error free If Agilent is unable within a reasonable time to repair or replace any product to a condition as warranted customer will be entitled to a refund of the purchase price upon prompt return of the product 4 Agilent products may contain remanufactured parts equivalent to new in performance or may have been subject to incidental use 5 The warranty period begins on the date of delivery or on the date of installation if installed by Agilent If customer schedules or delays Agilent installation more than 30 days after delivery warranty begins on the 31st day from delivery 6 Warranty does not apply to defects resulting from a improper or inadequate maintenance or calibration b software interfacing parts or supplies not supplied by Agilent Technologies c unauthorized modification or misuse d operation outside of the published environmental specifications for the product or e improper site preparation or maintenance 7 TO THE EXTE
45. below shows this error source 1 RS AS q s ideal DUT voltag pl I VV HI a A l DUT sour sistar L i ia No I SRY l ee l Ri multir 1et r input resi tar 1 gt we E i MO or ee l T I 7 LOO eck i Error I E A e es A Rs R To reduce the effects of loading errors and to minimize noise pickup you can set the multimeter s input resistance to greater than 10GQ for the 100mVdc 1 Vdc and 10 Vdc ranges The input resistance is maintained at 10MQ for the 100 Vde and 300 Vdc ranges Leakage Current The multimeter s input capacitance will charge up due to input bias Errors currents when the terminals are open circuited if the input resistance is 10GQ The multimeter s measuring circuitry exhibits approximately 30pA of input bias current for ambient temperatures from 0 C to 30 C Bias current will double x2 for every 8 C change in ambient temperature above 30 C This current generates small voltage offsets dependent upon the source resistance of the device under test This effect becomes evident for a source resistance of greater than 100kQ or when the multimeter s operating temperature is significantly greater than 30 C ip multimeter bias current s DUT source resistance multimeter input capacitance 26 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Rejecting Power Line Noise Voltages Common Mode Rejection cmr Chapter 2 A desirable characteristic of
46. between the trigger and each reading Figure 2 1 illustrates the multimeter s trigger system and the programming commands that control the trigger system The multimeter operates in one of two trigger states When you are configuring the multimeter for measurements the multimeter must be in the idle state After configuring the multimeter the multimeter must be placed in the wait for trigger state N POWER ON STATE or ARST ABORt COMMANDS Y IDLE STATE Until a MEASure EAD or INiTiat ommand is Recieved WM YE MEA ie command ZN A ous i pes R AS TRIGGER PS TRIGger NO f aa NO SECEIVED SS SOURce IMM NS TRIGger COUNt_ 7 S Pa DS WAIT FOR TRIGGER STATE d i EXTernal or TILTO TTLT7 TRIGger BUS OS SOURce i 2 a gt n vit for ar Loa a ER gt IMMediate HP 18 GET or N MTRO COMMAND Ss YES ae a A Y AL da SS vo MEASUREMENTS _ d TAKEN gt t Su AMPle COUNt PA Ao SA a TRIGger DElay ba G y lh 1 MEASUREMENT ACTION Figure 2 1 Multimeter Triggering Flow Chart Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 45 Triggering the multimeter is a multi step process that offers triggering flexibility 1 You must configure the multimeter for the measurement by selecting the function range resolution etc 2 You must specify the source from which the multimeter will accept the trigger The multim
47. both values converted to dBm DBM operations calculate the power delivered to a resistance referenced to 1 milliwatt The LIMit parameter enables pass fail testing on the upper and lower limits you specify using the LIMit UPPer and LIMit LOWer commands NULL measurements also called relative measurements provide a reading which is the difference between a stored null value and the input signal See the section titled Math Operations beginning on page 41 for more detail on the CAL Culate operations Example Set the Calculate Math Function to Make Upper and Lower Limit Tests on Each Measurement CALC FUNC LIM Set calculate function to limit CALC LIM LOWer Set the lower limit to test against CALC LIM UPPer Set the upper limit to test against CALC STATe ON Enable the limit math operation FUNCtion CALCulate FUNCtion queries the multimeter to determine the present math function Returns AVER DB DBM LIM or NULL Example Query the Calculate Math Function CALC FUNC Query the calculate function 76 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 LIMit LOWer Example LIMit LOWer Example LIMit UPPer Example LIMit UPPer Example Chapter 3 CALCulate LIMit LOWer lt value gt MIN MAX sets the lower limit for limit testing You can set the value to any number between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function MIN 120 of the highest range MAX 120 of the highest range Yo
48. calls VISA allows you to execute on VXIplug amp play system frameworks that have the VISA I O layer installed visa h include file Example Perform a Self Test of the Multimeter and Read the Result Programming the multimeter using Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI requires that you select the controller language e g C C Basic etc interface address and SCPI commands to be used See the 75000 Series C Installation and Getting Started Guide or equivalent for interfacing addressing and controller information The following C program verifies communication between the controller mainframe and multimeter It resets the module RST queries the identity of the module IDN and initiates a self test of the multimeter Chapter 1 include lt stdio h gt include lt visa h gt FUNCTION PROTOTYPE void err_handler ViSession vi ViStatus x void main void char buf 512 0 if defined _BORLANDC_ amp amp defined _WIN32_ _InitEasyWin endif ViStatus err ViSession defaultRM ViSession dmm Open resource manager and multimeter sessions viOpenDefaultRM amp defaultRM viOpen defaultRM GPIB VXI0 9 24 VI_NULL VI_NULL amp dmm Set the timeout value to 10 seconds viSetAttribute dmm VI_ATTR_TMO_VALUE 10000 Reset the module err viPrintf dmm RST n if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err Query the module iden
49. gt 1 For NPLC lt 1 10090 1 5ms 1 0ms 1kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 10kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 100kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 1MQ 1 5ms 10ms 10MQ 100ms 100ms 100MQ 100ms 100ms Default Trigger Delays for AC Voltage and AC Current all ranges AC Filter Trigger Delay 3Hz 300kHz filter Slow 7 0sec 20Hz 300kHz filter Medium 1 0sec 200Hz 300kHz filter Fast 600ms Default Trigger Delay for Frequency and Period 1 0s TRIGger DELay AUTO returns a number to show whether the automatic trigger delay mode is on or off 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Query the Trigger Delay Mode TRIG DEL AUTO OFF Disable automatic trigger delay TRIG DEL AUTO Query multimeter to return trigger delay mode enter statement Enter value into computer Multimeter Command Reference 159 SOURce TRIGger SOURce lt source gt configures the trigger system to respond to the specified source The following sources are available BUS Group Execute Trigger GET bus command or TRG common command e EXT The multimeter s External Trigger BNC connector triggers on the negative or falling edge of the 5 V TTL input signal IMMediate The trigger system is always true TTLTrgO TTLTrg7 Trigger source is VXIbus trigger line O through 7 NOTE B size controllers do not support VXIbus TTL triggers e g E1306A Command Module E1300 E1301A B Size Mainframes
50. nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 333 ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7 ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1 PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The RES APER command overrides the results of previously executed RES NPLC and RESistance RESolution commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency e RST Condition RES APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or RES APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7 ms RES APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7ms RESistance APERture SENSe RESistance APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 333 ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 1 67s 60Hz 2s 50Hz if MAX is specified Examp
51. of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the DC Current Integration Time CURR DC NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs CURR DC NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 123 CURRent DC RANGe SENSe CURRent DC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for DC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 0 01A 0 1A 1A 3A MIN MAX amps Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the CURRent DC RANGe command 10mA MAX selects the maximum range available 3A You must select a range using CURRent DC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the CURR DC RANG AUTO command The CURR DC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function e RST Condition CURR DC RANG 1 Example Set the DC Current Range to 3A CURR DC RANG 3 DC Curre
52. readings trigger source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 87 CURRent DC Parameters Comments CONFigure CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 10mA 100mA 1 A 3 A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept that input The AUTO option for the range parameter enables autorange and will not accept a resolution parameter but will default the integration time to 10 PLC The DEFault option for the range parameter will also enable autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 10 mA MAX 3A For resolution See Table 3 1 on page 70 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for
53. resolution 135 A Abbreviated Commands 68 ABORt Subsystem 72 AC Current high speed measurements 36 measurement errors 36 range 87 119 120 range resolution 87 102 resolution 121 range vs resolution 71 signal filters 36 37 127 128 specifications 174 176 true RMS measurements 32 35 AC Voltage high speed measurements 36 loading errors 34 measurements below full scale 34 loading errors ac volts 34 range 144 145 range resolution 93 108 resolution 146 range vs resolution 71 signal filters 36 37 127 128 specifications 174 176 true RMS measurements 32 35 turnover errors 35 Accuracy 183 and speed tradeoffs 193 198 high accuracy configuration 184 specifications 183 200 Index temperature coefficients 183 transfer accuracy 183 Accuracy Specifications ac characteristics 174 176 dc characteristics 171 frequency characteristics 177 period characteristics 177 Address dynamic addressing 16 switch setting 16 Analog Bus Connections 19 Aperture 147 increasing measurement speed 196 Aperture Time 2 wire resistance 139 4 wire resistance 131 changing 196 decreasing 197 frequency measurements 128 querying 122 128 131 136 139 147 setting 122 131 136 139 147 197 vs de current resolution 70 vs de voltage resolution 70 Application Examples 52 Automatic Input Impedance 100 Autorange 40 enabling disabling 2 wire ohms function 92 107 4 wire ohms function 105 134
54. specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters or select a specific integration time using VOLTage DC NPLC If necessary to achieve the specified resolution the multimeter will increase the integration time as needed This command overrides the results of previously executed VOLTage DC NPLC commands the last command executed has priority The VOLT DC RES command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure VOLT DC RES command Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage AC NPLC e RST Condition Based on the RST values for the VOLTage NPLC command Example Change the Resolution CONF VOLT DC 6 25 MAX Function DC volts range selected 10V MAX resolution VOLT DC RANG 0 95 Range selected 1V MAX resolution VOLT DC RES 3E 07 Set resolution to 0 3 uV READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer VOLTage DC RESolution SENSe VOLTage DC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RANGe command are returned The resolut
55. state and take 10 measurements for the second external trigger when received The readings are stored in the output buffer and you must provide the VO construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer This example uses the READ command Measurements are initiated with the READ command which puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state Measurement occurs when the trigger arrives and readings are subsequently stored directly in the output buffer and must be retrieved by the computer with an I O construct you supply An alternative way of initiating measurements is to use the INITiate command as done in the previous example Measurements are made and stored in the multimeter s internal memory and must be retrieved using the FETCh command which transfers the readings to the output buffer You must be careful when using the INITiate and FETCh commands Internal memory stores a maximum of 512 readings the oldest readings exceeding 512 are lost 56 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Sync h ronizing the This program example demonstrates how to synchronize the multimeter with a switch module For the E1412A it uses the TTL triggers from the VXI Mu Itimeter With a backplane to trigger the multimeter and advance the channel scan list The Switch Module example uses the El476A 64 Channel Multiplexer Module but will also work with any switch module as long as the channel list is specified properly
56. statement Enter value into computer CALibration STRing lt quoted string gt allows you to record calibration information about your multimeter while CAL SEC STAT is OFF For example you can store information such as the last calibration date and or the next calibration due date The calibration message can contain up to 40 characters Characters in excess of 40 are truncated and no error is generated The string is stored in non volatile memory Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt quoted string gt discrete alphanumeric none The calibration message can contain up to 40 characters Calibration security state must be OFF to store a string The calibration message is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Multimeter Command Reference 81 Example STRing Example VALue Parameters Comment Example VALue Example Enter Calibration Information to Record the Next Calibration Date CAL STR Cal 4 4 YY Due 10 4 YY Enter a calibration message to record the cal date of April 4 and next cal due date as October 4 YY year of due date CALibration STRing queries the calibration message and returns a quoted string or a null string if nothing is present Query the Calibration Message CAL STR enter statement Query the calibration message Enter value into computer
57. subsequent input signal measurements prior to a change in function range or integration time A new zero measurement is made following a change in function range or integration time This mode increases measurement speed because a zero measurement is not made for each input signal measurement e Autozero ONCE issues an immediate zero measurement and can be used to get an update on the zero measurement for a specific input signal measurement This helps to increase measurement time since you update the zero reading without making zero measurements for every measurement e RST Condition ZERO AUTO ON enables autozero mode Disable Autozero ZERO AUTO OFF Autozero disabled SENSe ZERO AUTO queries the autozero mode Returns one of the following responses to the output buffer e 0 OFF or ONCE if autozero is disabled or set for one time e 1 ON if autozero is enabled Query the Autozero Mode ZERO AUTO Queries the autozero mode enter statement Enter response into computer Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 STATus Subsystem Syntax Comments PRESet The STATus subsystem reports the bit values of the Questionable Data Signal Register It also allows you to unmask the bits you want reported from the Standard Event Register and to read the summary bits from the Status Byte Register The Questionable Data Signal Register group consists of a condition register and event register and an enable register
58. the readings of the eight channels The Strip Chart has an Auto Scale button to automatically scale the horizontal and vertical axis to best display the measured data Upper and lower boundary traces could be added to the strip chart s display WRITE TEXT WRITE TEXT WRITE TEXT WRITE TEXT WRITE TEXT WRITE TEXT WRITE TEXT OUTP TTLT1 STAT WRITE TEXT OPC EOL READ TEXT x REAL WRITE TEXT INIT EOL RST EOL CLS EOL TRIG COUN 8 EOL CONF VOLT 12 MIN EOL TRIG SOUR TTLT2 TRIG DEL 0 01 EOL E1412A Measurements E 0 5 7 1 4 998 2 5 882 EOL E1412 70903 READ TEXT x REAL ARRAY 8 x it 1 EOL ine E1476 70914 WRITE TEXT RST EOL WRITE TEXT CLS EOL Strip Chart a WRITE TEXT ABOR EOL zA WRITE TEXT STAT OPER ENAB 256 EOL WRITE TEXT OUTP TTLT2 STAT 1 EOL z DC volts WRITE TEXT TRIG SOUR TTLT1 EOL x WRITE TEXT SCAN 100 107 EOL WRITE TEXT OPC EOL READ TEXT x REAL WRITE TEXT INIT EOL El MN Tracet Spoll E1476 70914 12 EE Device HPE1476 70914 Step B Event Spoll fi lo n 7 status annel Number Action ANY SET Auto Scale Mask H80 Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 65 See your VEE documentation and on line help for more detail on test and measurement I O control If you are not using VEE and a
59. trigger immediately occurs here and measurements are stored in the multimeter s internal memory FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter s internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer enter statement Enter reading into computer The CONFigure command configures the multimeter for the function specified This CONFigure command specifies a range parameter of 18 expected input is 18 V the multimeter sets a range to accommodate that input which will be 100 V It does not initiate the measurement The autozero function is disabled to speed up the measurement process See the CALibrate ZERO AUTO command in the Command Reference for more information Trigger source TRIG SOUR is set for immediate internal triggers A trigger count TRIG COUN of 3 is set the multimeter will accept three triggers The sample count SAMP COUN is set for 10 samples per trigger The INITiate command puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state The trigger source is IMMediate which specifies the internal trigger source This trigger occurs immediately and causes the measurement process to begin This will cause the multimeter to make 30 measurements 10 samples for each of three internal triggers The FETCh command causes the readings to be transferred to the output buffer and you must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer Agilent E1412A Multimeter
60. type Example CALC STAT ON 186 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B Appendix B 160 to 168 170 to 178 211 213 214 221 222 223 224 230 Block data errors The multimeter does not accept block data Expression errors The multimeter does not accept mathematical expressions Trigger ignored A Group Execute Trigger GET or TRG was received but the trigger was ignored Make sure the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state before issuing a trigger and make sure the correct trigger source is selected Init ignored An INITiate command was received but could not be executed because a measurement was already in progress Send a device clear to halt a measurement in progress and place the multimeter in the idle state Trigger deadlock A trigger deadlock occurs when the trigger source is BUS and a READ command is received Settings conflict This error can be generated in one of the following situations You sent a CONFigure or MEASure command with autorange enabled and with a fixed resolution Example CONF VOLT DC DEF 0 1 You turned math on CALC STAT ON and then changed to a math operation that was not valid with the present measurement function For example dB measurements are not allowed with 2 wire ohms The math state is turned off as a result of this condition Data out of range A numeric parameter value is outside the valid range for the command Exa
61. way to eliminate ground loops is to maintain the multimeter s input isolation from earth do not connect the input terminals to ground If the multimeter must be earth referenced be sure to connect it and the device under test to the same common ground point This will reduce or eliminate any voltage difference between the devices Also make sure the multimeter and device under test are connected to the same electrical outlet whenever possible gt HILO lead resistanc multimeter isolation resistance bus I I I I I I I I I l Voround voltag irop on ground I I I I I I I I I I 28 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Resistance Measurements 4 Wire Ohms Measurements Chapter 2 The E1412A offers two methods for measuring resistance 2 wire and 4 wire ohms For both methods the test current flows from the input HI terminal and then through the resistor being measured For 2 wire ohms the voltage drop across the resistor being measured is sensed internal to the multimeter Therefore input cable resistance is also measured For 4 wire ohms separate sense connections are required Since no current flows in the HI LO Sense terminal cables the resistances in these cables do not give a measurement error The errors discussed previously for de voltage measurements also apply to resistance measurements Additional error sources unique to resistance measuremen
62. wiring resistance 30 frequency measurement 36 high resistance measurements 31 leakage current 26 loading ac volts 34 loading dc volts 26 low level measurement 35 messages 185 191 noise 28 offset voltage 28 overload 34 period measurement 36 queue 155 range error 180 reading error 180 self test errors 189 temperature coefficient 34 180 thermal EMF 25 ESE 163 ESE 163 ESR 164 Example Programs C programming language 52 hardware used 53 HP VEE programming example 64 making a single measurement 54 making external trigger measurements 54 maximizing accuracy 56 maximizing measurement speed 55 monitoring for limit test failure 63 monitoring for message available MAV bit 62 monitoring for operation complete OPC bit 61 multimeter self test 22 23 setting sample count 51 setting trigger count 49 setting trigger delay 49 status system example 60 63 synchronizing with switch module 57 59 using math operations 59 Visual Basic programming language 52 visual engineering environment VEE 64 VXIplug amp play See online help Execution Errors 185 188 External Trigger measurements 54 source 46 47 160 trig input requirement 47 VM Complete output signal 47 204 Index F FETCh Command 98 198 Field Wiring Resistance 30 Filters ac signal 36 37 127 128 Frequency aperture time 128 characteristics 177 178 function 89 104 gate time 128 measurement connections 19 measure
63. 0 006 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 35 0 04 0 35 0 04 0 35 0 04 0 035 0 006 True RMS AC 10 Hz 1 kHz 0 15 0 04 0 15 0 04 0 15 0 04 0 015 0 006 Current 4 1 kHz 5 kHz 0 40 0 04 0 40 0 04 0 40 0 04 0 015 0 006 3 00000 A 3 Hz 5 Hz 1 70 0 06 1 70 0 06 1 70 0 06 0 100 0 006 5 Hz 10 Hz 0 95 0 06 0 95 0 06 0 95 0 06 0 035 0 006 10 Hz 1 kHz 0 75 0 06 0 75 0 06 0 75 0 06 0 015 0 006 1 kHz 5kHz 1 00 0 06 1 00 0 06 1 00 0 06 0 015 0 006 Additional Low Frequency Errors Additional Crest Factor Errors non sinewave of reading 6 Frequency AC Filter Crest Factor Error or reading 3Hz 20Hz 200 Hz 1 2 0 05 10Hz 20Hz 0 0 74 2 3 0 15 20Hz 40Hz 0 0 22 3 4 0 30 40Hz 100Hz 0 0 06 0 73 4 5 0 40 100Hz 200 Hz 0 0 01 0 22 200 Hz 1kHz 0 0 0 18 NOTE Crest Factor is not specified for gt 1kHz 0 0 0 non sinewave inputs lt 100Hz using the slow 3Hz AC filter See note 6 174 E1412A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A AC Characteristics continued Measuring Characteristics Measurement Noise Rejection 7 AC CMRR True RMS AC Voltage Measurement Method Crest Factor AC Filter Bandwidths Input Impedance Input Protection True RMS AC Current Measurement Method Shunt Resistor Burden Voltage Input Protection Appendix A 70 dB AC coupled True RMS measures the ac component of the input with up to 300 Vdc of bias on any range max AC DC 300 Vrms
64. 0 0500 0 0050 0 0700 0 0050 0 0060 0 0005 1 000000A lt 1V 0 1000 0 0060 0 1300 0 0100 0 1500 0 0100 0 0060 0 0010 3 000000A lt 2V 0 7000 0 0200 0 7200 0 0200 0 7200 0 0200 0 0060 0 0020 DC DC Ratio 100mV to 300V Input Accuracy Reference Accuracy Input Accuracy accuracy specification for the HI LO input signal Reference Accuracy accuracy specification for HI LO reference input signal Sense HI LO input terminals NOTE Autorange is used for the reference signal regardless of the range set for the HI LO input signal The 10V range is the highest range available for the reference signal and the highest range the multimeter will autorange to for measuring the reference signal Appendix A E1412A Multimeter Specifications 171 DC Characteristics continued Measuring Characteristics DC Voltage Measurement Method A D Linearity Input Resistance Input Bias Current Input Terminals Input Protection Resistance Measurement Method Max Lead Resistance 4 wire ohms Input Protection DC Current Shunt Resistor Input Protection DC DC Ratio Measurement Method Input HI LO Reference HI LO Input to Reference Continuously integrating multi slope III A D converter 0 0002 of reading 0 0001 of range 0 1V 1V 10V ranges Selectable 1OMQ or gt 10GO 100V 300V ranges 10MQ 1 lt 30pA at 25 C Copper alloy 300V on all ranges Se
65. 0 200 MIN MAX BANDwidth MIN MAX FREQuency APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON VOLTage RANGe AUTO 116 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 SENSe FRESistance APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX NPLCycles MIN MAX RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX RANGe MIN MAX RANGe AUTO OFF ON RANGe AUTO RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX RESolution MIN MAX PERiod APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX VOL Tage RANGe AUTO OFF ON VOLTage RANGe AUTO RESistance APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX APERture MIN MAX NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX NPLCycles MIN MAX RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX RANGe MIN MAX RANGe AUTO OFF ON RANGe AUTO RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX RESolution MIN MAX VOLTage AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX AC RANGe MIN MAX AC RANGe AUTO OFFION AC RANGe AUTO AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX AC RESolution MIN MAX DC APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX DC APERture MIN MAX DC NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX DC NPLCycles MIN MAX DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX DC RANGe MIN MAX DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON DC RANGe AUTO D
66. 00E 00 1 000000E 05 CURR 1 000000E 00 1 000000E 05 VOLT AC 2 000000E 02 1 000000E 06 VOLT 3 000000E 02 1 000000E 06 FRES 100 0000E 03 1 000000E 05 RES 1 000000E 03 1 000000E 03 FREQ 3 000000 00 3 000000E 05 PER 3 333330E 01 3 333330E 06 If you specify DEF MIN or MAX for the range or resolution parameters in CONFigure or MEASure the CONFigure command returns the selected value Related Commands CONFigure MEASure Example Querying the Multimeter Configuration dimension string array Dimension computer array to store string CONF FRES 900 MAX Function 4 wire ohms range selected 1kQ MAX resolution 100mQ CONF Query configuration enter statement Enter string into computer String Returned FRES 1 000000E 003 9 999999E 02 96 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 DATA The multimeter can store up to 512 readings in internal memory The DATA command allows you to determine how many readings are currently stored Subsystem Syntax DATA POINts POINts The INITiate command uses internal memory to store readings prior to a FETCh command e g when a measurement is initiated by the INITiate command You can query the number of stored readings in memory by sending the DATA POINts command Comments e INITiate command uses internal memory to store readings prior to using a FETCh command You use the DATA POINts command to query
67. 0907 Directo Address eg 714 70903 newDevice NOT LIVE a newDevice2 hpe1328a NOT LIVE Device Type newDevice3 hpet 466a 70915 a etn Gs Pa newDevices hpe1466a 70915 Ada mstrument relay npe1 40x NOT LIVE Byte Ordering MSB scope hp54504a NOT LIVE Delete Instrument selftest NOT LIVE Live Mode ON serial 9 Edit Instrument thing hp3325b NOT LIVE SSS 7 Get Instr Save Con a Cancel Help Instrument Driver Config ok Cancel Help Chapter 2 Program Description Strip Chart Object Start E1412 70903 The instruments are programmed using Direct I O objects connected as required by the sequence of SCPI commands Reading of the E1476A status byte is performed using the I O Advanced I O Device Event object SPOLL whose action is set to ANY SET and its mask set to H80 This mask allows reading only the OPR bit of the status byte bit 7 which gets set by bit 8 Scan Complete from the Operation Status Register when the switch module completes the scan list Following the detection of scan complete the readings are retrieved with the Multimeter s FETCh command and sent in an array format to a VEE AlphaNumeric Display object titled E1412A Measurements The readings are also sent to a Strip Chart Display object which gives a plot of the measurements In parallel with the E1412A Measurements AlphaNumeric Display object 1s a Strip Chart Display object that displays
68. 49 156 157 querying 49 157 selecting 48 49 156 Trigger Delay 49 51 157 159 defaults 50 159 querying 51 158 159 selecting 49 50 157 159 Trigger Lines TTLTrg0 TTLTrg7 46 111 112 160 Trigger Source 46 48 160 161 BUS 46 48 160 EXTernal 46 47 160 IMMediate 46 47 160 querying 47 161 selecting 46 48 160 TTL VXIbus triggers TTLTrg0 TTLTrg7 46 160 TRIGger Subsystem 156 161 TRIGger COUNt 48 49 156 TRIGger COUNt 49 157 TRIGger DELay 49 50 157 TRIGger DELay 51 158 TRIGger DELay AUTO 158 TRIGger DELay AUTO 159 TRIGger SOURCce 46 48 160 TRIGger SOURce 47 161 Trigger System diagram 45 idle state 45 readings per trigger 51 114 115 trig input requirement 47 VM Complete output signal 47 wait for trigger state 45 48 99 Triggering the Multimeter 45 51 156 161 True RMS AC Measurements 32 35 below full scale 34 TST 166 TTLTrg 46 160 Twisted Pair Connections 28 V VEE Visual Engineering Environment 64 Virtual Instrument Software Architecture 15 VISA 15 VISA software 52 Visual Basic Programming Language 52 VM Complete Output Signal 47 Voltage ac high speed measurements 36 measurements below full scale 34 range 144 145 range resolution 93 108 resolution 146 specifications 174 176 true RMS measurements 32 35 turnover errors 35 burden voltage 32 dc aperture time 147 input impedance 100 integration time 147 range 149 150 range resolution 94
69. 8 resolution 15 38 197 2 wire ohms 92 107 143 4 wire ohms 90 105 135 ac current 87 102 121 Index de characteristics 171 173 frequency characteristics 177 178 general 179 high accuracy measurements 184 interpreting 182 183 period characteristics 177 178 Speed and Accuracy Tradeoffs 193 198 SRE 165 SRE 165 SRQ Service Request Bit 60 Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments 67 Standard Event bit ESB 61 register 60 Standard Instrument Control Language 15 Status Byte message available bit MAV 60 62 operation status bit OPR 58 questionable data register bit QUE 63 register 60 STATus Subsystem 153 154 STATus PRESet 153 STATus QUEStionable CONDition 153 STATus QUEStionable ENABle 153 STATus QUEStionable ENABle 154 STATus QUEStionable EVENt 154 Status System examples 60 63 multimeter 60 63 switch module 58 STB 166 Storing dB reference value 43 dBm reference resistance value 43 NULL offset value 42 Summary Bit 60 Switch Module status system 58 synchronizing multimeter with 57 59 64 Synchronizing with Switch Module 57 59 64 SYSTem Subsystem 155 SYSTem ERRor 155 SYSTem VERSion 155 T Temperature Coefficient accuracy 183 errors 34 180 power dissipation effects 31 Terminals input 18 Thermal EMF Frrors 25 Thermoelectric Voltages 25 26 Transfer accuracy 183 readings to output buffer 98 113 TRG 46 48 160 Trigger Count 48
70. 98 temperature measurement resistors 31 true RMS ac 32 35 tutorial 25 voltage connections 20 voltage ratio Vdc connections 20 Memory query readings stored 97 retrieving measurements stored 98 Message Available Bit MAV 60 62 monitoring 62 Minimum Average Operation Value 74 Modules description 15 logical address switch 16 Multimeter application examples 52 error messages 185 191 error queue 155 functional connections 19 22 general information 15 measurements externally triggered measurements 54 making 53 56 maximizing accuracy 56 maximizing speed 55 measurement format 54 single measurements 54 using FETCh command 53 98 198 using INITiate commands 53 using MEASure commands 53 using READ command 53 programming the 15 22 23 range and resolution tables 70 71 setup 15 23 specifications 171 184 status system 60 63 synchronizing with switch module 57 59 64 triggering 45 51 156 161 N Noise errors 28 ground loops 28 magnetic loops 28 pickup minimizing 26 power line voltage 27 high resistance measurement errors 31 206 Index rejection 27 Normal Mode Rejection NMR 27 39 NPLC increasing measurement speed 197 integration time 123 132 140 148 querying 123 132 140 148 resolution 15 38 setting 197 NULL Offset Value 78 Number of digits 15 38 182 specifying 38 versus PLC 15 of power line cycles versus resolution 38 power line cycles NPLC 15 38 N
71. A For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEFault parameter for range as MEAS CURR DC AUTO or MEAS CURR DC DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS CURR DC DEF MIN or MEAS CURR DC DEF MAX or use AUTO in place of DEF Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Current Measurements MEAS CURR DC 1 MAX Function DC current range selected 1A MAX resolution 1 0E 05A Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 103 FREQuency MEASure FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the frequency function and uses one range for all inputs between 3 Hz and 300kHz Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 3E 00 Hz lt resolution gt numeric 3E 04 3E 05 3E 06 Hz Comments The frequency function uses one range for all inpu
72. ASI AS HE Agilent 75000 Series C Agilent E1412A 6 2 Digit Multimeter A aUl User s Manual and SCPI Programming Guide Where to Find it Online and Printed Information System installation hardware software VXIbus Configuration Guide Module configuration and wiring This Manual SCPI programming This Manual SCPI example programs This Manual VXIplug4play Driver CD SCPI command reference This Manual VXIplug amp play programming VXIplug amp play Online Help VXIplug amp play example programs VXI plug amp play Online Help VXIplug amp play function reference VXI plug amp play Online Help Soft Front Panel information VXIplug amp play Online Help VISA language information Agilent VISA User s Guide Agilent VEE programming information Agilent VEE User s Manual Supplied with Agilent Command Modules Embedded Controllers and VXLink Agilent Technologies Manual Part Number E1412 90005 Printed May 2015 Printed in Malaysia E0912 NOTICE In August 2014 Agilent Technologies former Test and Measurement business became Keysight Technologies This document is provided as a courtesy but is no longer kept current and thus will contain historical references to Agilent For more information goto www keysight com KEYSIGHT TECHNOLOGIES Contents Agilent E1412A User s Manual and SCPI Programming Guide Edition 5 Agilent Warranty ii o taa ia 9 A ON 10 WARNINGS nc don 10 Agilent E1412A Declaration of
73. AT ON Enable the math operations INIT Puts multimeter in wait for trigger state trigger source is IMM internal trigger occurs immediately and measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer Loop SPOLL read the multimeter s status byte until bit 4 MAV goes high to indicate there is a message available in the output buffer End Loop NOTE If TRIG COUN is too big FETC can timeout before measurements complete FETC expects a response before the timeout interval specified in the program code Using the previous program detecting the OPC bit is recommended Retrieve the AVERage math operation response from the multimeter CALC AVER AVER Retrieve the average measurement value CALC AVER MAX Retrieve the maximum measurement value CALC AVER MIN Retrieve the minimum measurement value Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter 62 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Chapter 2 LIMITTST Source Code File This program has the multimeter making measurements continuously until an upper or lower limit is exceeded The lower test limit is set to 2V the upper test limit is set to 8V Questionable Data Register bits 11 and 12 are unmasked to allow the LO and HI Limit Test Failures to set the QUE bit in the statu
74. C RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX DC RESolution MIN MAX ZERO AUTO OFF ONCE ON AUTO Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 117 FUNCtion SENSe FUNCtion lt function gt selects the measurement function You can select the functions shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt function gt discrete CURRent AC none CURRent DC FREQuency FRESistance PERiod RESistance VOLTage AC VOLTage DC VOLTage DC RATio Comments RST Condition SENS VOLT DC Example Change Measurement Function CONF VOLT Function DC voltage FUNC FRES Set function to 4 wire resistance READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurement send reading to output buffer enter statement Enter reading into computer FUNCtion SENSe FUNCtion returns one of the following quoted strings to the output buffer CURR AC CURR FREQ FRES PER RES VOLT AC VOLT VOLT RAT Example Query the Measurement Function FUNC FRES Function 4 wire ohms FUNC Query multimeter to return selected function enter statement Enter quoted string into computer 118 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent AC RANGe SENSe CURRent AC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for AC current mea
75. C causes the E1412A to wait for all pending operations to complete A single ASCII 1 is then placed in the output queue Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands OPC WAI RST Condition none RST RST resets the E1412A as follows Sets all commands to their RST state Aborts all pending operations RST does not affect The output queue The Service Request and Standard Event Status Enable Registers The enable unmasks for the Questionable Signal Registers Calibration data Comments e Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition none SRE and SRE SRE lt unmask gt specifies which bits of the Status Byte Register are enabled unmasked to generate a IEEE 488 1 service request Event and summary bits are always set and cleared in the Status Byte Register regardless of the unmask value lt unmask gt is the sum of the decimal weights of the bits to be enabled allowing these bits to pass through to the summary bit RQS bit 6 in the status byte SRE returns the current enable unmask value Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt unmask gt numeric 0 through 255 none A 1 ina bit position enables service request generation when the corresponding Status Byte Register bit is set a 0 disables it Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 165 Comment
76. C RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for AC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using CURRent AC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure DC RANGe RESistance RANGe e RST Condition CURR AC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable AC Current Autoranging CURR AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURRent AC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent AC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the AC current autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the AC Current Autorange Mode CURR AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURR AC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 120 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent AC RESolution SENSe CURRent AC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for AC current measurements See Table 3 5 on page 71 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt n
77. CONFigure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX DEF lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF MEASure lt function gt lt range gt MIN MAX DEF lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF SENSe lt function gt RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX SENSe lt function gt RANGe AUTO OFF ON 40 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Math Operations CALCulate Subsystem This sections provides more information about using the math functions in the CALCulate command The math operations and registers used to store mathematical data are controlled using the CALCulate command subsystem See Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference There are two steps to initiating a math operation 1 Select the desired math function CALCulate FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL 2 Enable the selected math function by turning the calculate state on CALCulate STATe ON AVERage Function The AVERage function allows you to store the minimum and the maximum reading from a group of measurements then calculate the average value of all the readings It also records the number of readings taken since the average function was activated The first reading that the multimeter takes is stored as both the minimum and maximum value following activation of the average function The minimum value is replaced with any subsequent value that is less The maximum value is replaced with any subsequent value that is greater The minimum maximum average and count are stored in
78. CV and to the range and state it was last set prior to the F3 command The table on the following page shows equivalent SENSe commands for the special commands Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs 193 Speed Advantage Using the Special Non SCPI Commands F1 F4 and R1 R7 You can save approximately three 3 milliseconds by using an F1 F4 special function command instead of changing function with the equivalent SCPI SENSe function command You can save approximately five 5 milliseconds by using an R1 R7 special range command instead of changing the range with the equivalent SCPI SENSe range command Special Commands and Their Equivalent SENSe Command Speed Special Advantage Command Equivalent SENSe SCPI command F1 SENSe FUNC VOLT DC approximate E u POT 3 mS advan F2 SENSe FUNC CURR DC tage with spe F3 SENSe FUNC RES cial commana F4 SENSe FUNC FRES The special range command affects the currently configured function approximate 5 mS advan tage with spe cial command R1 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 0 1 SENSe CURR DC RANG 0 01 SENSe RES RANG 100 SENSe FRES RANG 100 R2 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 1 SENSe CURR DC RANG 0 1 SENSe RES RANG 1000 SENSe FRES RANG 1000 R3 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 10 SENSe CURR DC RANG 1 SENSe RES RANG 10000 SENSe FRES RANG 10000 R4 SENSe VOLT DC RANG 100 SENSe CURR DC RANG 3
79. Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 43 LIMit Function The limit test operation enables you to perform pass fail testing against limits you specify using the CALCulate LIMit UPPer and LOWer commands Applies to all measurement functions You can set the upper and lower limits to any value between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function The upper limit selected should always be a more positive number than the lower limit The default upper and lower limits are both 0 The upper and lower limits are stored in volatile memory the multimeter sets both limits to O when power is removed from the multimeter after the multimeter is reset or after a function change You can configure the multimeter to generate a request for service SRQ on the first occurrence of a failed reading See the Status System Register Diagram in Figure 3 1 on page 154 Bits 11 and 12 of the Questionable Data Register provide the high and low limit error signals that can be enabled in the status byte to generate the request for service Use the following commands to activate the LIMit function and input upper and lower limit values The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the Upper Limit and Lower Limit Registers CALCulate FUNCtion LIMit CALCulate STATe ON CALCulate LIMit UPPer lt value gt CALCulate LIMit LOWer lt value gt The STATus QUEStionable CONDition register will in
80. DC voltage lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for DC voltage ratio lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CONFigure Query multimeter configuration DATA POINts Query number of readings stored in the multimeter s memory FETCh Place stored readings in output buffer INITiate IMMediate Place multimeter in wait for trigger state INPut IMPedance AUTO 1 0 ON OFF Enable disable auto impedance mode IMPedance AUTO Query impedance mode MEASure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make an AC current measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a DC current measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a frequency measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a 4 wire ohms measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a period measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a 2 wire ohms measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make an AC voltage measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Make a DC voltage measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Mak
81. Delays settling time 31 trigger defaults 50 159 querying 51 158 159 setting 49 50 157 159 Description of Modules 15 Dielectric Absorption 31 Digits number of 15 38 182 Disabling automatic input impedance 100 autorange 2 wire ohms function 92 107 4 wire ohms function 105 134 ac current function 87 102 120 ac voltage measurements 145 ac coupled RMS voltage 93 108 de current function 88 103 125 dc ratio measurements 95 110 dc voltage function 94 109 dc voltage measurements 150 frequency measurements 130 period measurements 138 resistance measurements 142 autozero 83 152 196 math function 78 Discrete Parameters 69 Documentation History 10 DUT Power Dissipation 31 Dynamic Addressing 16 E Enabling automatic input impedance 100 autorange 2 wire ohms function 92 107 4 wire ohms function 105 134 ac current function 87 102 120 ac voltage measurements 145 ac coupled RMS voltage 93 108 de current function 88 103 125 dc ratio measurements 95 110 dc voltage function 94 109 dc voltage measurements 150 frequency measurements 130 period measurements 138 resistance measurements 142 autozero 83 152 196 math function 78 Errors ac current measurement 36 ac turnover 35 burden voltage 36 calculate total measurement 180 181 calibration errors 190 191 common mode 35 crest factor 33 180 dc measurement 32 Index 203 execution errors 185 188 field
82. EF AUTOL lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF The CONFigure command RANGe and RESolution parameters are optional You will get the default range and resolution settings if you do not specify a range or resolution in the command You will get these default settings even if you set a range Multimeter Command Reference 8 5 or resolution different from the default value prior to executing the CONFigure command The following table lists the default settings you can expect from the CONFigure command for each function Default Settings for CONFigure Command by Function FUNCTION RANGE RESOLUTION CURR DC 1A 1uA CURR AC 1A 10pA FREQ FREQ RANG 3Hz 30uHz VOLT RANG 10V FRES 1kQ 1mQ PER PER RANG 0 333sec 3 33 pseconds VOLT RANG 10V RES 1kQ 1mQ VOLT DC 10V 10uV VOLT DC RAT 10V 10uV VOLT AC 10V 100uV 86 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent AC CONFigure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution See the range versus resolution table at the beginning of this chapter for valid resolution choices for each ac current range Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1A
83. EN Enable register Query Error A SRQ evice Fr juest Request Control Dh Set by OPC Operation Complete 3 4 y Related Cc ands q e gt Ba e E EN J Status Byte Register f STB SPOLL SRE inmask ae Output Buffer ur na 1z 2 4 O UE 3 8 gt Y IA 4 E E 5 2 m XQ FA DS RQ ROUTING Status EN handled b our Byte ipplicatior A prograr EN Operation status Register passed to tl Request Service _ ontroller via GPIB STATus OPERation CONDition fag ey gt TATus OPERation EVENt STATus OPERation ENABIe inrnask impl unmask E jister jecimal Suramar bit weight lt 16 Bit OR A 64 Operation Complete 8 lt 256 gt H 128 OR Scar 256 ESE AL unmasks standard event register bits Complete 512 2 3 4 and 5 ESE nly unmasks bit 1 pe SRE 128 unmasks the OPR bit in the statu 20 byte register This is ffective only if tt 9 TAT ENAB lt unmask gt command is xecuted 319 Seoba Dog STAT OPER ENA 2 unmask bit Ir omplete Ean hich car t tl I bit in tl itu t E EN Figure 2 4 E1476A Switch Module Status System 58 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 E1412A SCAN SCPI command sequences for the program are as follows Source Code File Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers CONF VOLT 12 MIN Configure for dc volts 12V input min res TRIG SOUR TTLT2 Let switch closure tr
84. ESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present current resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the resolutions available with the RESolution command are returned For example if CONFigure selects 10mA resolution 10mA is the resolution returned The minimum current resolution available 1 WA if MIN is specified The maximum current resolution available 100A if MAX is specified Example Query the DC Current Measurement Range CURR DC RES 3 CURR DC RES Select 3A resolution Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer 126 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 DETector BANDwidth SENSe DETector BANDwidth lt bw gt selects the slow medium or fast filter based on the bandwidth you specify The multimeter uses these three different filters which enable you to either optimize low frequency accuracy or achieve faster ac settling times on ac voltage or ac current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt bw gt numeric 3 20 200 MIN MAX none Specifying a parameter less than 200 but greater than 20 selects the 20Hz filter Specifying a parameter less than 20 but greater than 3 selects the 3 Hz filter Specifying a parameter greater than 200 but not greater than 300E 03 300kHz selects the 200 Hz filter
85. F if resolution setting results in NPLC lt 1 SENSe ZERO AUTO ON if resolution setting results in NPLC gt 1 Input resistance Applies to dc voltage and is disabled for all other SENSe INP IMP AUTO functions 10MQ for all dc voltage ranges Samples per trigger 1 sample SAMP COUN Trigger count 1 trigger TRIG COUN Trigger delay AUTO Automatic delay TRIG DEL Trigger source IMM trigger signal is always true TRIG SOUR VM Complete routing OFF all trigger lines n 0 7 OUTP TTLT lt n gt STAT Math function OFF CALCulate STATe After configuring the multimeter use the INITiate command to place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state and store readings in the multimeter s internal memory Or use the READ command to make the measurement and send the readings to the output buffer when the trigger is received CONFigure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTOL lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTOL lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX D
86. Integration time is 100 PLCs RESistance NPLC SENSe RESistance NPLC MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the Integration Time RES NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs RES NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer 140 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 RESistance RANGe SENSe RESistance RANGe lt range gt selects the range for 2 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1000 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MO ohms 10MQ 100MQ MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the RESistance RANGe command 1000 MAX selects the maximum range available 100MO You must select a range using RESistance RANGe before specifying resolution Also in order to specify an aperture time of 10ms you must select a fixed range Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the RES RANG AUTO command The RES RANG command o
87. LC 10 Integration time is 10 PLCs VOLTage DC NPLC SENSe VOLTage DC NPLC MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present integration time in PLCs if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum integration time available 0 02 if MIN is specified The maximum integration time available 100 if MAX is specified Example Query the Integration Time VOLT DC NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs VOLT DC NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer 148 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC RANGe SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for DC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the VOLTage DC RANGe command 100mV MAX selects the maximum DC voltage range available 300V You must select a range using VOLTage DC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode by setting VOLT DC RANG AUTO OFF The VOLT DC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same functi
88. MAX resolution 100uV Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 109 VOLTage DC RATio Parameters Comments MEASure VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF configures the multimeter for dc dc ratio measurements with the specified range and resolution For ratio measurements the specified range applies to the signal connected to the HI and LO input terminals Autoranging is automatically selected for reference voltage measurements on the Sense HI and LO terminals with a maximum voltage of 10V Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEFault fo
89. MEAS VOLTage AC 108 MEAS VOLTage DC 109 MEAS VOLTage DC RATIio 110 Measurements 2 wire ohms connections 21 30 4 wire ohms connections 21 29 Index 205 ac below full scale 34 ac current characteristics 175 high speed 36 ac voltage characteristics 175 high speed 36 loading errors ac volts 34 configuration 37 40 ac signal filter 37 127 128 autozero 40 integration time 39 ranging 40 resolution 38 current connections 22 dB 42 43 75 dBm 43 75 de current characteristics 172 de current errors 32 dc voltage 25 28 characteristics 172 common mode rejection CMR 27 ground loops noise 28 high speed 31 leakage current errors 26 loading errors de volts 26 magnetic loops noise 28 ratio 95 110 rejecting power line noise voltages 27 thermal EMF errors 25 error 180 181 frequency characteristics 177 frequency connections 19 functional connections 19 22 high accuracy 184 making 53 56 externally triggered measurements 54 maximizing accuracy 56 193 198 maximizing speed 55 193 198 measurement format 54 single measurements 54 using FETCh command 53 98 198 using INITiate commands 53 using MEASure commands 53 using READ command 53 period characteristics 177 period connections 19 resistance 29 31 2 wire ohms 30 4 wire ohms 29 high speed measurements 31 power dissipation effects 31 settling time effects 31 retrieving from memory 98 speed and accuracy tradeoffs 193 1
90. MPEdanc AUTO ta e detec a ante ait eta roses ova en dna o O aaa 100 IMPedainc AUTO Pa oa 100 MEASUT aaa oooO iaa a e toes wna rA E oa diria 101 CURREOCGAC Eros ALB 102 CCURRen DO id a id a id 103 SPRE QUENCY Viote oip e seidstiieds airis ici 104 SPRESIStamGe ita dada 105 PERIANA Oe 106 RESISTANCE ita lla aa aa IE A ta 107 VOL Tas ACG iia ion lito digo istics biotins doth epic E a eet 108 EVOLTage DEM a aiii 109 EVOETaselDCIERATIO E oiee oent enr ee aeree e e e EA CE ARDE aN 110 A e n te hee eee Mies a ES 111 SPP Tre ESTA Ti aeie a E aida 111 TTETEESTAT a A A nani 112 READ 0d AE rca tooo ita io dadas ia da 113 SAMP E A AA AAA 114 COUN ti SAA A tases A EI A 114 COUNT E A A E A dicas 115 SENSE Tui rd its 116 FUNCION ida 118 FUNCION A A ON 118 CURREnt AC NA TN 119 CURRENEACIRANGE ui di dica 119 CURRent AC RANGe AUTO coocccnccncncncnncnanananananannnnonononcnnnnnnnnnonononononenononananonos 120 CURRent AC RANGe AUTO voran e nono ncnnnnnnnnnnncnnnccocononononos 120 CURRent AC RESOLU ION 4 s 005 tscsccsssascsscaseesoedovnsensesndncesenettececoddaceccdeeasvessovseos 121 CURREnt AC RESOIUtION noria di cas 121 CURRent DE A PERU sci cc cscideces iacadebbssedessinsiesveradecseseibarsnasacracbacgeeetaceeesgese 122 CURRent DC APERture rreren ostaneet eita eked aE Eaa ES 122 GURRent sDE INPLC iia ia 123 EURRent DELENPECI ana a ass 123 CURRent DCLRANOS nitritos its 124 CURRent DC RANG ooccccccccccncccncnononincnnncncanan
91. Measurement rTOTS oooooccnncccocononoconanononononnnonnnonnncnnn cnn cnnnccnnanns 36 Measurement Configuration eee eeeesceeeeeeeseeeeseceseeeeceseeeseeesaecaeceseceeeeeeeaaeaeeaeees 37 AC Stenal Filter iii n is 37 DC Input Resistance iii hen oe eh lo eS 37 Resolution dae whe ene an eal teat a 38 Integration Time ip 39 VNI KOYA KOPPE NE E EEE E dd ia 40 Ransing sensns inp dnn in ohn a a a NOL tek le a Ra ee 40 Math Operations CALCulate Subsystem ooocccnncnnonnnoccnocconaconanancnan con coro no cnncnnncnnccnnnos 41 AN ERage Bunctioni osiot talca Machine ici pita 41 NULL Relative FUNCHOD ivi aii 41 dB Measurements a orar aae area E Ea E E Reba AEE POA aa aaia 42 dBm Measureitients titi aid feces te 43 EIMit Function ciis eiee Loeedgs sath ists la practicidad 44 Triggering the Multimeter messes ct is 45 A i pasveriascbtee maths e Ala tseetacthansdet yet 46 Extemal Triggering A A a eas 47 Jnternal Tri eS rin 8 ra loa 47 Bus Tris ering csv aes ie deen ies ei E eqedea dest ERE eed Se aT 48 The Watt for Trig ger State assieme otario isete T aie NSt 48 The Trigger Count mr 48 Checking the Trigger Counti secies ira e a EE e nono ae aiir 49 Inserting a Lrigger Delay sidra 49 Default Delay Sicuani slacest EE 50 Querying the Delay Time eriein esinin io errare ieee eins 51 Phe Sample Count canada rl a Wiest Sorted at A 51 Checking the Sample Count umm tati 51 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Examples coonco
92. Module Setup Using This Chapter General Information Y J 2 DIGIT AULTIMETE Foiled _ Access Chapter 1 This chapter provides one page of general module information followed by the tasks you must perform to set up your module and verify your installation was successful Chapter contents are Setting the Module Address Switch Interrupt Priority Setting and Checking the Line Frequency Reference Input Terminals and Front Panel Indicators Multimeter Functional Connections Initial Operation The E1412A VXI C size Multimeter is a VXIbus message based slave device Programming the multimeter can either be through a command module using an GPIB interface or an embedded controller You use the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI see Chapter 3 with the Standard Instrument Control Language SICL or VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture Maximum voltage is 300 Vin or 300 Vac Maximum current is 3A AC ps or DC Resolution is from 4Y digits for fast measurements to 62 digits for more accuracy Resolution is set by specifying the integration time in number of power line cycles NPLCs or corresponding aperture time Table 1 1 shows the correlation between NPLCs and resolution Table 1 1 Resolution of Power Line Cycles Power Line Cycles Resolution 0 02 0 0001 x Full Scale 0 2 0 00001 x Full Scale 1 0 000003 x Full Scal
93. N MAX LIMit LOWer MIN MAX LIMit UPPer lt value gt MIN MAX LIMit UPPer MIN MAX NULL OFFSet lt value gt MIN MAX NULL OFFSet MIN MAX STATe OFF ON STATe Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 73 AVERage AVERage Example CALCulate AVERage AVERage reads the average of all readings taken since AVERage was enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands The average value is cleared when AVERage is enabled when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset The average value is stored in volatile memory Query the Average of All Readings Taken Since the AVERage Math Operation was Enabled CALC AVER AVER Query the average of all readings AVERage COUNt Example CALCulate AVERage COUNt reads the number of readings taken since AVERage was enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands The count value is cleared when AVERage is enabled by the CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The number of readings taken is stored in volatile memory Query the Number of Readings Since the AVERage Math Operation was Enabled CALC COUN Query number of readings AVERage MAXimum CALCulate AVERage MAXimum reads the maximum value found from an AVERage operation The max value is cleared when AVERage is enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset The maximum value is stored i
94. N MAX DEF VOLTage DC RATio lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF Multimeter Command Reference 101 CURRent AC Parameters Comments MEASure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution see range versus resolution table at start of chapter Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1A 3A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1A MAX 3A For resolution see Table 3 5 on page 71 for resolution choices To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the parameter In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEFault parameter for the range parameter as MEAS CURR AC DEF you cannot omit the range paramete
95. NT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW THE ABOVE WARRANTIES ARE EXCLUSIVE AND NO OTHER WARRANTY OR CONDITION WHETHER WRITTEN OR ORAL IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND AGILENT SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY SATISFACTORY QUALITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 8 Agilent will be liable for damage to tangible property per incident up to the greater of 300 000 or the actual amount paid for the product that is the subject of the claim and for damages for bodily injury or death to the extent that all such damages are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction to have been directly caused by a defective Agilent product 9 TO THE EXTENT ALLOWED BY LOCAL LAW THE REMEDIES IN THIS WARRANTY STATEMENT ARE CUSTOMER S SOLE AND EXLUSIVE REMEDIES EXCEPT AS INDICATED ABOVE IN NO EVENT WILL AGILENT OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA OR FOR DIRECT SPECIAL INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL INCLUDING LOST PROFIT OR DATA OR OTHER DAMAGE WHETHER BASED IN CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE FOR CONSUMER TRANSACTIONS IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND THE WARRANTY TERMS CONTAINED IN THIS STATEMENT EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT LAWFULLY PERMITTED DO NOT EXCLUDE RESTRICT OR MODIFY AND ARE IN ADDITION TO THE MANDATORY STATUTORY RIGHTS APPLICABLE TO THE SALE OF THIS PRODUCT TO YOU U S Government Restricted Rights The Software and Documentation have been developed entirely at private expense They are delivered and licensed as commercia
96. NULL value CONF RES Set to 2 wire ohms function Short the lead resistance at the DUT location READ Measure the 2 wire ohms lead resistance Enter lead resistance value into computer CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math operation to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Turn math operation ON CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt Store the NULL offset value Subsequent 2 wire ohms measurements will subtract the null offset value from the measurement thereby removing the lead resistance from the measurement The second way to store the 2 wire lead resistance as the NULL offset value is to let the multimeter automatically do this with the first measurement The first measurement made after CALCulate function is set to NULL and the STATe is set to ON stores the measured value as the null offset CONF RES Set to 2 wire ohms function Short the lead resistance at the DUT location CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math operation to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Turn math operation ON READ Measure the 2 wire ohms lead resistance Enter lead resistance value into computer The value is automatically stored in the multimeter s null offset register Remove the short from the lead resistance at the DUT location and connect leads to your DUT READ Make a 2 wire ohms resistance measurement Enter lead resistance value into computer The NULL value is subtracted from the measurement to more accurately provide the DUT resistance 30 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application
97. O OFF Disable autorange CURRent DC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent DC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the DC current autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the DC Current Autorange Mode CURR DC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange CURR DC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 125 CURRent DC RESolution SENSe CURRent DC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for DC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX amps Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using CURRent DC RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters Changing the resolution also changes the NPLC and APERture setting to the values that correspond with the resolution specified CURRent DC RESolution SENSe CURRent DC R
98. PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The FRES APER command overrides the results of previously executed FRES NPLC and FRES RES commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition FRES APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or FRES APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7ms FRES APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7ms FRESistance APERture SENSe FRESistance APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 333 ms if MIN is specified The maximum aperture time available 1 67s 60Hz 2s 50Hz if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time FRES APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms FRES APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 131 FRESistance NPLC SENSe FRESistance NPLCycles lt number gt sets the integration time in number of power line cycles NPLCs The NPLC is set to a value from the range of values that can accommodate the lt number gt you specify For example specifying 9 sets the NPLC to 10 specifying 11 sets the NPLC to 100 Parameters Parameter Name
99. PLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs FRES NPLC Query multimeter to return integration time enter statement Enter value into computer 132 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance RANGe SENSe FRESistance RANGe lt range gt selects the range for 4 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1000 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MO ohms 10MQ 100MQ MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the FRESistance RANGe command 1000 MAX selects the maximum range available 100MO You must select a range using FRESistance RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the FRES RANG AUTO command The FRES RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function The multimeter uses the same aperture time to set the resolution on the new range as was selected by CONFigure RST Condition FRES RANG 1kQ 1E 03 Example Set Four Wire Resistance Range to 10MQ FRES RANG 1E 07 4 wire resistance range is 1OMQ FRESistance RANGe SENSe FRESistance RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resistance range se
100. REQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO FRESistance APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX FRESistance APERture MIN MAX FRESistance NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX FRESistance NPLCycles MIN MAX FRESistance RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX FRESistance RANGe MIN MAX FRESistance RANGe AUTO OFF ON FRESistance RANGe AUTO FRESistance RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX FRESistance RESolution MIN MAX PERiod APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX PERiod APERture MIN MAX PERiod VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX PERiod VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO RESistance APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX RESistance APERture MIN MAX RESistance NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX RESistance NPLCycles MIN MAX RESistance RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX RESistance RANGe MIN MAX RESistance RANGe AUTO OFF ON RESistance RANGe AUTO RESistance RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX RESistance RESolution MIN MAX Select measurement function Query measurement function Set range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set resolution Query resolution Set the integration time in seconds Query integration time seconds Set integration time in PLCs Query integration time PLCs Set range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set resolution Query resolution Set the AC filter Query AC filter S
101. Refer to Tables 3 1 3 2 and 3 3 in Chapter 3 to determine what resolution will result following a special function or special range change The NPLC setting remains fixed for each function during execution of the special function and range commands e g may differ from function to function Resolution Example Assume the power on state where the multimeter function is DC Voltage 10V range with an NPLC setting of 10 PLCs providing 10 uV resolution see Table 3 1 on page 70 Use the special range command R5 to change the DC Voltage range to 300V The NPLC setting remains at 10 PLCs providing a resolution of 1 mV see Table 3 1 on page 70 Use the special function command F3 to change the function to 2 Wire Resistance The range goes to the resistance power on state 1kQ for 2 Wire Resistance NPLC 10 it does not change with the previous DCV R5 command NPLC remains at 10 PLCs providing resolution of 1mQ The special range commands do not affect other functions except in the F3 RES and F4 FRES function changes Range changes on F3 cause the same range change on F4 and vice versa Appendix C Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs 195 General Guidelines for Increasing Measurement Speed Note Avoid Function Changes Avoid Aperture Changes Minimize the Number of Command Response Sessions Set Autozero to ONCE or OFF The following guidelines show how to increase measurement speed which in some cases will red
102. SCPI Command Quick Reference The following tables summarize SCPI commands for the E1412A C size 6 Digit Multimeter Command Description ABORt Place multimeter in idle state CALCulate AVERage AVERage Query average value of the average AVERage COUNt Query average count AVERage MAXimum Query average maximum AVERage MINimum Query average minimum DB REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX Set dB reference value DB REFerence MIN MAX Query dB reference value DBM REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX Set dBm reference value DBM REFerence MIN MAX Query dBm reference value FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL Set math function to calculate FUNCtion Query math function set LIMit LOWer lt value gt MIN MAX Set lower limit value LIMit LOWer MIN MAX Query lower limit value LIMit UPPer lt value gt MIN MAX Set upper limit value LIMit UPPer MIN MAX Query upper limit value NULL OFFSet lt value gt MIN MAX Set null offset value NULL OFFSet MIN MAX Query null offset value STATe OFF ON Enable disable math function state STATe Query math function state CALibration COUNt Query number of cal operations LFRequency 50 60 400 Sets line reference frequency LFRequency MIN MAX Query line reference frequency SECure CODE lt new code gt Enters a new security code SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt Enables disables the security code SECure STATe Queries the security state STR
103. SENS CURRent DC RESolution 126 SENS DETector BANDwidth 127 SENS DETector BANDwidth 128 SENS FREQuency APERture 128 SENS FREQuency APERture 128 SENS FREQuency VOLTage RANGe 129 SENS FREQuency VOLTage RANGe 12 9 SENS FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AU TO 130 SENS FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AU TO 130 SENS FRESistance APERture 131 SENS EFRESistance APERture 131 SENS EFRESistance NPLC 132 SENS EFRESistance NPLC 132 SENS FRESistance RANGe 133 SENS FRESistance RANGe 133 SENS FRESistance RANGe AUTO 134 SENS FRESistance RANGe AUTO 134 SENS FRESistance RESolution 135 SENS FRESistance RESolution 135 SENS FUNCtion 118 SENS FUNCtion 118 SENS PERiod APERture 136 SENS PERiod VOLTage RANGe 136 SENS RESistance APERture 139 SENS RESistance APERture 139 SENS RESistance NPLC 140 SENS RESistance NPLC 140 SENS RESistance RANGe 141 SENS RESistance RANGe 141 SENS RESistance HRANGe AUTO 142 SENS RESistance RANGe AUTO 142 SENS RESistance RESolution 143 SENS RESistance RESolution 143 SENS VOLTage AC RANGe 144 SENS VOLTage AC RANGe 144 Index 209 SENS VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO 145 SENS VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO 14 5 SENS VOLTage AC RESolution 146 SENS VOLTage AC RESolution 146 SENS VOLTage DC APERture 147 SENS VOLTage DC APERture 147 SENS VOLTage DC NPLC 148 SENS VOLTage DC NPLC 148 SENS VOLTage DC RANGe 149 SENS VOLTage DC RANGe 149 SENS VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO 150 SENS VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO 15 0
104. SENS VOLTage DC RESolution 151 SENS VOLTage DC RESolution 151 SENS VOLTage RANGe 137 SENS VOLTage RANGe 137 SENS VOLTage RANGe AUTO 138 SENS VOLTage RANGe AUTO 138 SENS ZERO AUTO 152 SENS ZERO AUTO 152 ac voltage 93 108 146 de current 88 103 126 dc voltage 94 109 151 dc voltage ratio 95 110 frequency 89 104 period function 91 106 sample count 51 114 trigger count 49 156 delays 49 50 157 159 upper lower limits 44 77 Settling Time ac signal filters 37 127 128 automatic insertion 31 de blocking circuitry 36 delays 31 effects 31 SICL 15 Signal Filters 36 37 127 128 querying 128 setting 127 Soft Front Panel VXIplug amp play See online help Sensitivity 182 Service Request Bit SRQ 60 Setting Specifications 171 184 ac characteristics 174 176 calculate total measurement error 180 181 aperture time 122 131 136 139 147 197 autorange 120 125 134 138 142 145 150 197 calibration security code 80 integration time 122 123 131 132 136 139 140 147 148 interrupt priority 17 line frequency 79 line frequency reference 17 logical address switch 16 NPLCs 197 null offset value 78 range 2 wire ohms 92 107 141 4 wire ohms 90 105 133 134 ac current 87 102 ac voltage 93 108 144 145 de current 88 103 124 125 dc voltage 94 109 149 150 dc voltage ratio 95 110 frequency 89 104 frequency measurements 129 130 period function 91 106 137 13
105. T BAND Query multimeter to return the detector bandwidth setting FREQuency APERture SENSe FREQuency APERture lt time gt selects the aperture time or gate time for frequency measurements Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units Dees numeric 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX seconds Comments Specify 0 01 10ms for 4Y digits 0 1 default 100ms for 5 digits or 1 second for 6Y digits e MIN 0 01 MAX 1 e RST Condition 0 1 seconds Example Seta Frequency Aperture Time of 1 Second FREQ APER 1 Sets aperture time to 1 second FREQuency APERture SENSe FREQuency APERture MIN MAX queries the aperture time for frequency measurements The MIN parameter returns the minimum aperture value 0 01 the MAX parameter returns the maximum aperture value 1 128 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe lt range gt selects the voltage range for the signal level of frequency measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the VOLTage RANGe command 100mV MAX selects the maximum range ava
106. T RANG 300V VOLT RES 1 mV RANGE AUTO ON NPLC 10 ZERO AUTO ON INP IMP AUTO OFF TRIG COUN 1 TRIG DELAY AUTO ON TRIG SOUR IMM SAMP COUN 1 OUTP TTLT lt n gt STAT OFF Internal TST Self Test Returns 0 if self test passes Returns 1 if self test Operations fails Use SYST ERR to retrieve the error from the multimeter See Self Test Errors beginning on page 189 for a complete list of error numbers and their description Return multimeter to Hewlett Packard for repair if repair is required Synchronization OPC Operation Complete Operation Complete Command OPC Operation Complete Query Operation Complete Query WAI Wait to Complete Wait to Continue Command Status and Event CLS Clear Status Clear Status Command ESE lt unmask gt Event Status Enable Standard Event Status Enable Command ESE Event Status Enable Query Standard Event Status Enable Query ESR Event Status Register Query Standard Event Status Register Query SRE lt unmask gt Service Request Enable Service Request Enable Command SRE Service Request Enable Query Service Request Enable Query STB Read Status Byte Query Read Status Byte Query Bus Operation TRG Bus Trigger When the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state and the trigger source is TRIGger SOURce BUS use TRG to trigger the multimeter 162 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CLS CLS clears the Standard Event Status Register the Operation St
107. The commands in the STATus QUEStionable subsystem control and monitor these registers STATus PRESet QUEStionable CONDition ENABle lt unmask gt ENABle EVENt The STATus system contains seven registers four of which are under IEEE 488 2 control the Standard Event Status Register ESR the Standard Event Enable Register ESE and ESE the Status Byte Register STB and the Status Byte Enable Register SRE and SRE The Operational Status bit OPR Request Service bit RQS Standard Event summary bit ESB Message Available bit MAV and Questionable Data bit QUE in the Status Byte Register bits 7 6 5 4 and 3 respectively can be queried with the STB command Use the ESE command to query the unmask value for the Standard Event Status Register the bits you want logically OR d into the summary bit Query using decimal weighted bit values STATus PRESet command affects only the enable register by setting all enable register bits to 0 It does not affect either the status byte or the standard event status PRESet does not clear any of the event registers QUEStionable CONDition STATus QUEStionable CONDition returns a decimal weighted number representing the bits set in the Questionable Data condition register QUEStionable ENABle Chapter 3 STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt unmask gt enables unmasks bits in the Questionable Data Signal Register s enable register to be report
108. UN 3 Invalid character in number An invalid character was found in the number specified for a parameter value Example STAT QUES ENAB B01010102 Numeric overflow A numeric parameter was found whose exponent was larger than 32 000 Example TRIG COUN 1E34000 Too many digits A numeric parameter was found whose mantissa contained more than 255 digits excluding leading zeros Numeric data not allowed A numeric parameter was found but a character string was expected Check the list of parameters to verify you have used a correct parameter type Example TRIG SOUR 1 Invalid suffix A suffix was incorrectly specified for a numeric parameter You may have misspelled the suffix Example TRIG DEL 0 5 SECS Suffix not allowed A suffix was received following a numeric parameter which does not accept a suffix Example SAMP COUN 1 SEC SEC is not a valid suffix Character data not allowed A character string was received but a numeric parameter was expected Check the list of parameters to verify that you have used a valid parameter type Example CAL LFR XYZ Invalid string data An invalid character string was received Check to see if you have enclosed the character string in single or double quotes Example CAL STR NEXT CAL DUE 10 4 1996 the ending quote is missing String data not allowed A character string was received but is not allowed for the command Check the list of parameters to verify that you have used a valid parameter
109. Use the external trigger mode when measuring signals routed to the multimeter from a switch module The EXTernal TRIGger input can be used to start a scan from an external signal The E1406 Command Module Clk out is a convenient source for an external signal A potential problem exists whereby an external trigger arrives before the multimeter is ready to start a new scan causing the trigger to be missed and no error message generated Send a OPC command to the multimeter after setting up the multimeter and prior to initiating the switch module to eliminate this problem Autozero causes the A D to alternately measure its internal zero and the external signal Autozero improves reading accuracy however it reduces reading speed by Y 196 Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs Appendix C Turn Autorange OFF Decrease Aperture Time or NPLCs Setting the Resolution CAL ZERO AUTO ON The zero will be measured before each measurement CAL ZERO AUTO OFF No new zero readings will be made CAL ZERO AUTO ONCE Does one Autozero operation when the command is received and also sets the mode to autozero OFF The zero may vary over time especially as the room temperature varies Noticeable changes can be expected over many minutes or hours However over a few seconds the changes should be very small Turning autorange OFF makes the E1412A take all measurements on a fixed range which results in fast and predictable measure
110. VOLTage DC NPLCycles MIN MAX Query integration time PLCs VOLTage DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX Set range VOLTage DC RANGe MIN MAX Query range VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON Enable disable autoranging VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO Query autorange mode VOLTage DC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX Specify resolution VOLTage DC RESolution MIN MAX Query resolution ZERO AUTO OFF ONCE ON Enable disable autozero mode ZERO AUTO Query autozero mode STATus PRESet Sets all bits of enable register to 0 QUEStionable CONDition Query the questionable condition register QUEStionable ENABle lt unmask gt Sets conditions in enable register QUEStionable ENABle Query the questionable enable register QUEStionable EVENt Query the questionable event register SYSTem ERRor Return error number message from error queue VERSion Return the multimeter s SCPI version TRIGger COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX INFinite Set number of triggers or scans COUNt MIN MAX DELay lt seconds gt MIN MAX DELay MIN MAX DELay AUTO OFF ON DELay AUTO SOURce BUS IMMediate EXTernal TTLTrg0 7 SOURce Query trigger count Set delay between trigger and start of measurement Query trigger delay Enable disable automatic trigger delay Query automatic trigger delay mode Specify trigger source Query trigger source 170 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 Appendix A E1412A Multim
111. Values in the AC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications table are for sinewave inputs gt 5 of range gt 15 of range for 300 VAC For smaller inputs add an additional error to the value in the table as follows a e Dal Additional Error Specifications to Range Table Value for Sinewave Inputs 1 to 5 of range 3 to 15 of range Function Range lt 50kHz gt 50kHz lt 50kHz gt 50kHz 100mV to 100V add 0 1 to add 0 13 to of range of range True RMS AC Voltage 300V add 0 4 to of range add 0 3 to of range 5 300Vac range limited to 50kHz For frequencies gt 50 kHz signals must be lt 1 5 x 10 Volt Hz 6 For frequencies below 100Hz 3 Hz Slow AC filter specified for sinewave input only 7 For 1kQ unbalance in LO lead 8 Maximum reading rates for 0 01 of ac step additional error Additional settling delay required when input dc level varies 9 For External Trigger or remote operation using default settling delay Delay Auto 10 Maximum useful limit with default settling delays defeated 11 Speeds are for 0 02 PLC integration time Delay 0 and 200Hz Fast ac filter 12 100 Vac and 300Vac ranges may latch up the module or system mainframe if you drive the LO terminal with a high voltage high frequency input Only drive the HI terminal when measuring ac voltages True RMS 1A and 3A add 0 1 to AC Current of range 176 E1412A Mu
112. Wer 77 CALC LIMit UPPer 77 CALC LIMit UPPer 77 CALC NULL OFFSet 78 CALC NULL OFFSet 78 CALC STATe 78 CALC STATe 78 dB measurements 42 43 75 76 dBm measurements 43 75 76 LIMit function 44 76 77 math operations 41 44 NULL relative function 41 42 76 78 Calculate Total Measurement Error 180 181 Calibration errors 190 191 security code 81 changing 80 enabling disabling 81 querying 81 setting 80 value of signal 82 CALibration Subsystem 79 83 CALFCOUNt 79 CAL LFRequency 79 CAL LFRequency 80 CAL SECure CODE 80 CAL SECure STATe 81 CAL SECure STATe 81 CAL STRing 81 CAL STRing 82 CAL VALue 82 CAL VALue 82 CAL ZERO AUTO 83 CAL ZERO AUTO 83 CALibration command 84 Checking error queue 155 line frequency reference 17 sample count 115 trigger count 49 157 CLS 155 163 Command Reference ABORt subsystem 72 CALCulate subsystem 73 78 CALibration subsystem 79 83 CALibration command 84 common commands 162 167 CONFigure subsystem 85 95 CONFigure command 96 DATA subsystem 97 FETCh command 98 INITiate subsystem 99 INPut subsystem 100 MEASure subsystem 101 110 OUTPut subsystem 111 112 READ command 113 SAMPle subsystem 114 115 SCPI commands 71 161 quick reference 167 170 SENSe subsystem 116 152 STATus subsystem 153 154 Index 201 SYSTem subsystem 155 TRIGger subsystem 156 161 Commands CLS 155 163 ESE 163 ESE 163 ESR 164 IDN
113. X DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 1 on page 70 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify DEFault for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS VOLT DC DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS VOLT DC DEF MIN or MEAS VOLT DC DEF MAX Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Voltage Measurements MEAS VOLT DC 0 825 MAX Function DC voltage range selected 1V
114. a 149 VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO rrene irnn onnee renere et rei E ieii ia 150 VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO ninisi tnasa esanei a aiei 150 AE AMAS vieii itore estas oee E 151 Contents 5 6 Contents Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference continued SENSe continued VOL FagelsDC RESOMUtHOM ereiaro oeren e a ea i 151 ZERO AUTO IEEE EEEE EEE E A E AE E ATE 152 Z ROAU O a a N 152 SA TE AA EAEE ET OE T 153 PRESEI e a A ee 153 QUES tionable CONDItION eiar aae ee Erie EE 153 QUEStionable ENABlE ii A A nn es 153 QUES tionable EN ABI arta did 154 QUES tionable EVENt cunas 154 SAS TOM r OEE T EEO A E E A A E S AE siena iento cantas 155 A ed RLO E A E NEE E N A 155 WER SIOM it e ea aAA be E cette AAA eae ek 155 TRIG BER esinaise e a e e a a E a a a Seet 156 KOOI DI A E E E E A E BEE ERE 156 A aaee a Seach r a oooh co EN N Rost ee eae eats ate 157 DELAY a i ide A edge A AA aE 157 DELAY Pitt dt 158 DELAY AUTO o id idad 158 SDE Lays AUTO Pica titi reina 159 OUR lil 160 SOURCE torta st a e ened oe E 161 IEEE 488 2 Common Command Quick Reference oocoococnnoncccnooooccnnnoncnnnonnnnnnonnnos 162 A RN NO 163 ESE and FESE Ta roads 163 FESR A A O NS 164 DON EEEE vo dad ds LIE Pos data song aid AS IGEN Rs 164 A E EE AE A A EE AE 164 OPC career tee e a ee ner te vere A e er EAA 165 RA es Ale 165 AS A E da 165 A A CAR Ge esa es aha Pee aot tee 166 ESL ios OE 166 WA 41 iia a 166 SCPI Command Quick Reference oooooono
115. ac current function 87 102 120 ac voltage measurements 145 ac coupled RMS voltage 93 108 de current function 88 103 125 dc ratio measurements 95 110 dc voltage function 94 109 dc voltage measurements 150 frequency measurements 130 period measurements 138 resistance measurements 142 increasing measurement speed 197 querying 4 wire resistance 134 4 wire resistance measurements 134 ac current measurements 120 ac voltage measurements 145 dc current measurements 125 dc voltage measurements 150 frequency measurements 130 period measurements 138 resistance measurements 142 setting 197 Autozero 31 40 83 152 disabling 196 enabling 196 increasing measurement speed 196 querying 83 152 Backplane Trigger Lines 46 Bandwidth ac signal filters 37 127 128 setting 127 128 Bits message available bit MAV 60 62 operation status bit OPR 58 questionable data register bit QUE 63 service request bit SRQ 60 standard event bit ESB 61 summary bit 60 Boolean Parameters 69 Burden Voltage 32 errors 36 BUS Trigger Source 46 48 160 C C Programming Language 52 CAL Culate Subsystem 73 78 AVERage function 41 74 76 CALC AVERage AVERage 74 CALC A VERage COUNt 74 CALCFAVERagefMA Ximum 74 CALCFA VERage MINimum 74 CALC DB REFerence 75 CALC DB REFerence 75 CALC DBM REFerence 75 CALC DBM REFerence 75 CALC FUNCtion 76 CALC FUNCtion 76 CALC LIMit LOWer 77 CALC LIMit LO
116. amming language require the following settings to work properly Project Files lt source code file name gt F RM drive NVXIPNPAWINUNCLUDEWISA BAS Note fusing Windows 3 1 change spc to cps in the Memory I O Operations section of VISA BAS 52 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Hardware Used Making Multimeter Measurements MEASure Command READ Command Chapter 2 INIT and FETC Commands 486 IBM compatible computer running Windows 3 1 The computer has an 82341 GPIB interface and SICL Windows 3 1 and Windows NT for GPIB software The VXI modules were loaded in a VXI C size mainframe using an E1406A or B size mainframe with E1306A Command Module as resource manager connected to the computer via the 82341 GPIB card This section provides four programs that demonstrate different ways of making measurements and retrieving the readings SCPI command sequences for each program are contained in the boxes The four programs 1 Use the MEASure command to make a single measurement 2 Make several externally triggered measurements 3 Maximize measurement speed on multiple measurements 4 Maximize measurement accuracy on multiple measurements NOTE Review the section titled Triggering the Multimeter beginning on page 45 to fully understand the triggering system The simplest measurement method is using the MEASure command which configures the function to be measured initiates
117. ananananana no non e Oaa no nono ano no nononanos 124 CURREnt DC RANGEG AUTO ui ia 125 CURRent DC RANGe AUTO rore inerse nesie eE EE EEE EE 125 CURRent DCOTRES luto Aerin E aa E A A ER eis 126 CURR nt DECIRESOl UtON I aoreet a Ra iE T eaS 126 DETector BAND width na a a aa 127 DETector BANDwWIdth a a a a E E Taahe 128 EREQuency APERTE insna re aa e eae E aare aea 128 FREQ ency APERTUT I ooet saninten ie e oE nea E EO EEEE niaaa 128 Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference continued SENSe continued FREQuency VOLTage RANGE eisien roeien oeiee tene E e aE aita 129 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe rient etenee reani ernie Ee i 129 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO nesssssserisrrerierrsrrsresrssresrerrsressesees 130 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO ionccnncccocnnocnnonnnnncnonocnanancna nono nonnccnnccnnos 130 FRES1istance APERtUTE 5503 oiivisasciSiesovessneetadececdetesverrtagacceteancedsns ici 131 ERESist nce APERTE denon ves aes avec cvezdacavannadessvasdonnonsoocseaeteteeasdesesessalevedeare 131 FRESistance NPLC ctas doi dh Lede deeded eiii AES 132 FRESistance NPEC 1 lA hat 132 FRESist nce RANGe sepen er sip dia ii Dos 133 FRESIistance RANGeZ utilices ostia 133 FRESistance RANGe AUTO oodcooccncncnnonononnnonononoannnnnocononanonnnonononnanonanocononannnononos 134 FRESistance RANGe AUTO tnie eier iea e EE A EE E E a 134 FRESistance RESOLUtiON coconoooconnnnnononnonnnnnnnononononononononnanonoconononnnnnnnonnonananonononos 135 FRESistance
118. and For example if the command syntax shows MEASure then MEAS and MEASURE are both acceptable forms Other forms of MEASure such as MEASU or MEASUR will generate an error Additionally SCPI commands are case insensitive Therefore you may use upper or lower case letters and commands of the form MEASURE measure and MeAsUrE are all acceptable Implied Implied commands are those which appear in square brackets in the command Commands syntax Note that the brackets are not part of the command do not send them to the instrument Suppose you send a second level command but do not send the preceding implied command In this case the instrument assumes you intend to use the implied command and it responds as if you had sent it Examine the partial SENSe subsystem shown below SENSe FUNCtion lt function gt e g lt function gt VOLT AC FUNCtion RESistance RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX RANGe MIN MAX The root command SENSE is an implied command For example to set the multimeter s function to AC volts you can send either of the following command statements SENS FUNG VOLT AC or FUNC VOLT AC 68 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 Parameters Parameter Types The following table contains explanations and examples of parameter types you might see later in this chapter Parameter Type Explanations and Examples Numeric Accepts all commonly used decimal representations of number in
119. arameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 1 through 50 000 MIN MAX none Comments MINimum sets 1 reading per trigger MAXimum sets 50 000 readings per trigger e If MAX or 50 000 is specified for number the command executes without error When an INIT is executed requiring readings to be stored in internal memory an Insufficient memory error is generated to show that the number of readings exceeds the memory available However you can execute READ which returns the readings to the output buffer and does not use internal memory A number gt 50 000 returns Error 222 Data out of range CONFigure and MEASure set the sample count to 1 e RST Condition SAMP COUN 1 Example Set the Sample Count CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel SAMP COUN 10 Specify 10 readings per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurement when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 114 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 COUNt SAMPle COUNt MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present sample count 1 through 50 000 if MINimum or MAXimum is not specified The minimum sample count 1 if MIN is specified The maximum sample count 50 000 if MAX is specified Example Query
120. are Architecture is an I O library that can be used to create instrument drivers and 1 O applications Application programs written with VTL function calls can use VXIplug play drivers or SCPI commands in systems that have the VTL I O layer VTL allows you to use software from different vendors together on the same platform VTL can be used for I O application development on Microsoft Windows 3 1 and is supported on the VXI GPIB VXI and GPIB interfaces VISA 1 0 provides more VISA functionality and is fully operational on Windows 95 and Windows NT Exam ple Prog ramS Example programs are provided on the VXIplug amp play media These programs have been compiled and tested using Microsoft Visual C Version 1 51 for the C programs and Microsoft Visual Basic 3 0 C Programs All projects written in C programming language require the following settings to work properly Project Type QuickWin application EXE Project Files lt source code file name gt C drive VXIPNP WIN LIB MSC VISA LIB Microsoft compiler drive VXIPNP WIN LIB BC VISA LIB Borland compiler Memory Model Options Project Compiler Memory Model Large Directory Paths Options Directories Include File Paths drive VXIPNP WIN INCLUDE Library File Paths drive VXIPNP WIN LIB MSC Microsoft drive VXIPNP WIN LIB BC Borland Example Programs drive DSCPl e1412 on driver CD Visual Basic Programs All projects written in the Visual Basic progr
121. atus Register the Questionable Signal Register and the error queue This clears the corresponding summary bits 3 5 and 7 in the Status Byte Register CLS does not affect the enable unmasks of any of the Status Registers Comments e Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands STATus PRESet RST Condition none ESE and ESE ESE lt unmask gt enables unmasks one or more event bits of the Standard Event Status Register to be reported in bit 5 the Standard Event Status Summary Bit of the Status Byte Register lt unmask gt is the sum of the decimal weights of the bits to be enabled allowing these bits to pass through to the summary bit ESB bit 5 in the status byte ESE returns the current enable unmask value Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt unmask gt numeric 0 through 255 none A 1 ina bit position enables the corresponding event a O disables it Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands ESR SRE STB RST Condition unaffected Power On Condition no events are enabled Example Enable All Error Events ESE 60 Enable error events Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 163 ESR Comments IDN Note Comments OPC Comments ESR returns the value of the Standard Event Status Register The register is then cleared all bits 0
122. aximum aperture time available 100 ms if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time PER APER MIN Aperture time is 10ms PER APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer 136 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 PERiod VOLTage RANGe SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe lt range gt selects the voltage range for the signal level of period measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the PERiod VOLTage RANGe command 100mV MAX selects the maximum range available 300 V Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the PER VOLT RANG AUTO command e RST Condition PER VOLT RANG 10 Example Set the Voltage Range for Period Measurements to 100 V PER VOLT RANG 100 Voltage range is 100 V PERiod VOLTage RANGe SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer e 0 1 1 10 100 or 300 corresponding to the range set e MIN returns 0 1 e MAX returns 300 Example Query the Period Voltage Range PER VOLT RANG Query the voltage range for period measurements enter statemen
123. ccccnooocccnononccnnnnnnononnononon lenik nono cnn kt EEE 167 Appendix A Agilent E1412A Multimeter Specifications ccomocmossmoss 171 DG Characteristics a R ie a a as 171 AC Characteristics AA AA ta Ai aia 174 Frequency and Period CharacteristiCS ooooonncnnocnnocononononcnnncona cnn nono nonn crono cono conannnnnnnos 177 General Specifications crei atte 179 To Calculate Total Measurement Error oooooccnnoocccnooooccoonnncnnonononnnonnnonnnnnn co nonnnnnnnnnnss 180 Interpreting Multimeter Specifications oooonncnnoninocnnononancnnnconacnn nono nonnc rn noc nc conannccnnnos 182 Configuring for High Accuracy MeasurementS ocooncccocnnonnnoncconannnanancnanonnncnnccnccnnos 184 Appendix B Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages o 185 Execution PITO E Saa e a a dcir E E e e aa Sea 185 Self Test Errors eohi oreert orne a iia ieiet euse 189 Calibration Errors ecu irte 190 Appendix C Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs ccssccsssscsssssssscssscsssscsssescsesees 193 Agilent E1412A Special Function and Range Commands Non SCPI 193 Speed Advantage Using the Special Non SCPI Commands El FA andi RER T ir eee n e tati E E E 194 Agilent E1412A Resolution Using Special Functions and Ranges eee 195 Resolution Example usura lidia 195 General Guidelines for Increasing Measurement Speed eee eeeeseeseceteceteeees 196 Avoid Function Changes ocoocococcconnnonnnocconncnnncnnnonnncnnnonn nono ncnnec
124. ce DC Input Resistance 100mV 1V 10V Ranges 100V and 300V Ranges INP IMP AUTO OFF 10MQ 10MQ DEFAULT INP IMP AUTO ON gt 10GQ 10MW The input resistance setting is stored in volatile memory INPut IMPedance AUTO OFF is set at power on and after a module reset The CONFigure command and the MEASure lt function gt command automatically turn AUTO OFF Use INPut IMPedance AUTO ON after a CONFigure command to set it ON Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 37 Resolution Resolution is expressed in terms of number of digits the multimeter can measure You can set the resolution to 44 5 or 6 2 digits by specifying the integration time PLCs or aperture time which is the period the multimeter s analog to digital A D converter samples the input signal for a measurement To increase measurement accuracy and improve noise rejection specify more PLCs longer integration time To increase measurement speed specify fewer PLCs shorter integration time This applies to all measurement functions The resolution for math operations is the same resolution for the measurement function being measured Table 2 6 illustrates the correlation between Number of Power Line Cycles and Resolution See the tables beginning on page 70 for detailed cross reference of function ranges to resolution as a function of NPLCs or Aperture Time Table 2 6 Resolution of Power Line Cycles
125. cluding optional signs decimal points and scientific notation 123 123E2 123 1 23E2 123 1 23E 2 1 23000E 01 Special cases include MINimum MAXimum and DEFault Boolean Represents a single binary condition that is either true or false ON OFF 1 0 Discrete Selects from a finite number of values These parameters use mnemonics to represent each valid setting An example is the TRIGger SOURce lt source gt command where source can be BUS EXT or IMM Optional Parameters Parameters shown within square brackets are optional parameters Note that the brackets are not part of the command do not send them to the instrument If you do not specify a value for an optional parameter the instrument chooses a default value For example consider the TRIGger COUNt MIN MAX command If you send the command without specifying a MINimum or MAXimum parameter the present TRIGger COUNt value is returned If you send the MIN parameter the command returns the minimum trigger count allowable If you send the MAX parameter the command returns the maximum trigger count allowable Be sure to place a space between the command and the parameter Li nking Linking IEEE 488 2 Common Commands with SCPI Commands Use only a Comm and S semicolon between the commands For example RST RES NPLC 100 or SAMP COUNt 25 WAI Linking Multiple SCPI Commands From the Same Subsystem Use only a semicolon between commands with
126. d Example Query the Trigger Count TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 triggers TRIG COUN Query multimeter to return trigger count enter statement Enter value into computer DELay TRIGger DELay lt seconds gt sets the delay time between receipt of the trigger and the start of the measurement NOTE This delay also occurs between each sample when SAMP COUN gt 1 See page 45 for a triggering process diagram Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units Comments MIN selects the minimum delay of 0 seconds for all functions MAX selects the maximum delay of 3600 seconds for all functions The trigger delay is inserted between the trigger and each measurement If a trigger delay is specified using the TRIG DEL lt period gt TRIGger DELay AUTO is turned OFF The multimeter selects an automatic delay if you do not specify a trigger delay see the TRIGger DELay AUTO command on page 158 e RST Condition TRIGger DELay AUTO ON Example Set the Trigger Delay TRIG DEL 002 Wait 2ms between trigger and start of measurement Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 157 DELay Example DELay AUTO Parameters Comments Example TRIGger DELay MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger delay 0 through 3600 seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum trigger delay available 0 seconds if MIN is speci
127. d specifies a range parameter of 18 expected input is 18 V the multimeter sets a range to accommodate that input which will be 100V It does not initiate the measurement 54 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Chapter 2 Trigger source TRIG SOUR is set for an external trigger trigger count TRIG COUN of 3 is set the multimeter will accept three external triggers The sample count SAMP COUN is set for 10 samples per trigger The INITiate command puts the multimeter in the wait for trigger state The trigger source is an EXTernal hardware trigger You provide this trigger and input it on the Ext Trig BNC connector which initiates the measurement process This will cause the multimeter to make 30 measurements 10 samples for each of three triggers The FETCh command causes the readings to be transferred to the output buffer and you must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer MEASURE3 Maximizing Measurement Speed no trigger delay short integration time Source Code File Comments RST Reset the multimeter CONF VOLT DC 18 Configure for dc volts expected input 18V CAL ZERO AUTO OFF Turn off autozero makes faster measurements TRIG SOUR IMM Set the trigger source to immediate TRIG COUN 3 Set trigger count to 3 SAMP COUN 10 Set sample count to 10 INIT INITiate command puts multimeter in wait for trigger state internal
128. dance AUTO 100 Integration Time 27 39 2 wire resistance 139 4 wire resistance 131 NPLC 123 132 140 148 querying 122 123 131 132 136 139 140 147 148 setting 122 123 131 132 136 139 140 147 148 versus resolution 70 71 vs de current resolution 70 vs de voltage resolution 70 Internal memory 97 98 triggering 46 47 160 Interpreting Multimeter Specifications 182 183 Interrupt Priority 17 L Leakage Current Errors 26 LIMit function 77 Line Frequency 79 80 Line Frequency Reference checking 17 setting 17 Linking Commands 69 Loading Errors ac voltage 34 dc voltage 26 Logical Address Switch 16 Low Level commands 101 measurement errors 35 Magnetic Loops Noise 28 Making Multimeter Measurements 53 56 externally triggered measurements 54 maximizing accuracy 56 maximizing speed 55 measurement format 54 single measurements 54 using FETCh command 53 using INITiate commands 53 using MEASure commands 53 using READ command 53 Math Operations 41 44 AVERage function 41 74 76 dB measurements 42 43 75 76 dBm measurements 43 75 76 LIMit function 44 76 77 NULL relative function 41 42 76 78 query function 76 Maximum accuracy 56 average operation value 74 current 15 measurement speed 55 voltage 15 MEASure Subsystem 101 110 MEAS CURRent AC 102 MEAS CURRent DC 103 MEAS FREQuency 104 MEAS FRESistance 105 MEAS PERiod 106 MEAS RESistance 107
129. defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range For range MIN 0 1V MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range See Table 3 4 on page 71 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS VOLT AC DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS VOLT AC DEF MIN or MEAS VOLT AC DEF MAX Example Making AC Voltage Measurements MEAS VOLT AC 0 54 MAX Function AC volts range selected 1V MAX resolution 100uV 108 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC MEASure VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MA
130. dicate when an upper or lower limit has been exceeded failing either a HI or LO limit test Use the STAT QUES EVEN command to query the status questionable register and determine what failure occurred Sending this command also clears the questionable data register or send a Clear Status CLS command to clear the register before testing begins 44 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Triggering the Multimeter Chapter 2 This section discusses the multimeter s trigger system and outlines the different triggering configurations and programming methods used to control the trigger system Keep in mind that you do not have to program the trigger system to make measurements You can avoid having to learn the information in this section by using the default trigger configuration set by MEASure and CONFigure commands However you will need the information in this section to take advantage of the flexibility of the E1412A trigger system when using the CONFigure command The multimeter s trigger system synchronizes measurements with specified internal or external events These events include software trigger commands negative going edges on the VXIbus trigger lines TTLTO TTLT7 and negative going pulses on the multimeter s external trigger Trig BNC connector The trigger system also allows you to specify the number of triggers that will be accepted the number of readings per trigger sample count and the delay
131. e Sense terminals is 10V Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts HI LO input MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100mV MAX 300V For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range Multimeter Command Reference 95 CONFigure The CONFigure command queries the multimeter to return the configuration set by the most recent CONFigure or MEASure command It returns a quoted string to the output buffer in the following format lt function gt lt parameter gt lt parameter gt Subsystem Syntax CONFigure Comments When the multimeter is configured for current voltage or resistance measurements CONFigure returns the function followed by the selected range and resolution For example CURR AC 1 0000
132. e 10 0 000001 x Full Scale 100 0 0000003 x Full Scale Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 15 Setting the Module Address Switch Note 16 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup The logical address switch factory setting is 24 Valid addresses are from 1 to 254 for static configuration the address you set on the switch and address 255 for dynamic configuration The E1412A supports dynamic configuration of the address This means the address is set programmatically by the resource manager when it encounters a module with address 255 that supports dynamic configuration If you install more than one multimeter each module must have a different logical address If you use a VXIbus command module the logical address must be a multiple of eight e g 32 40 48 etc Each instrument must have a unique secondary address which is the logical address divided by eight When using an E1405A B or E1406A as the VXIbus resource manager with SCPI commands the multimeter s address switch value must be a multiple of 8 NY gical Address crew DURO DOd Kay Figure 1 1 Setting the Logical Address Chapter 1 Interrupt Priority The E1412A Multimeter is a VXIbus interrupter However there is no interrupt priority level setting to be made on the module Interrupt priority level setup and activation are configured on the resource manager which is the interface to the VXIb
133. e QUE bit in the Statu te Figure 2 5 E1412A Multimeter Status System 60 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Chapter 2 SYNCHOPC Source Code File This program has the multimeter take 10 measurements The Standard Event bit ESB in the status byte see Figure 2 5 on page 60 is monitored to detect when the operation is complete Readings are transferred to the output buffer by a FETC command and retrieved by the computer following the indication that the operation has completed The Multimeter then calculates the average minimum and maximum reading xk Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers ESE 1 Enables bit 0 of the multimeter s standard event register CONF VOLT 15 Configure for dc volts expected input of 15V VOLT DC NPLC 10 Set number of power line cycles to 10 TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 triggers TRIG DEL 01 Use a 10ms delay before each measurement CALC FUNC AVER Select the math function AVERage CALC STAT ON Enable math operations INIT Puts multimeter in wait for trigger state trig source is IMM internal trigger occurs immediately and measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory OPC Waits for all measurements to complete then sets bit 0 in the standard event register the operation complete bit Loop SPOLL read the multimeter s status byte until bit 5 ESB goes high End Loop
134. e Synchronization Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 57 This example monitors the switch module s status system The switch module s status system E1476A is shown in Figure 2 4 This example program enables the switch s Scan Complete bit to allow it to set the OPR bit in the switch s status byte when the scan is finished The program repeatedly reads the switch module s status byte until the OPR bit gets set which returns a status byte value of 128 This indicates the switch module has completed all closures in the scan list The multimeter s FETC command causes the multimeter to transfer readings to the output buffer after completing the last measurement Readings are entered into the computer using an I O construct you provide NOTE This is the E1476A Switch Module s status system See Figure 2 5 for the E1412A Multimeter status system Standard Event Register NOTE ESP JUE Questionable Data ESE lt unmasi MAV Message Available S gt c c Automatically Set at ESE ESB Standard Event Power On Conditions M wet I RQ Request Service User Request O OER Oper ION tatu Command Error SN Condition Register ua D Execution Error a Event Register Par a Device Dependent Error
135. e a DC voltage ratio measurement lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF OUTPut TTLTrgO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 STATe 1 0 ON OFF Send voltmeter complete to VXlbus trigger lines TTLTrgO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 STATe Query voltmeter complete destination READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state place readings in output buffer SAMPle COUNt 1 50000 MIN MAX Set number of readings per trigger COUNt MIN MAX Query number of readings per trigger 168 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 Command Description SENSe FUNCtion function FUNCtion CURRent AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX CURRent AC RANGe MIN MAX CURRent AC RANGe AUTO OFF ON CURRent AC RANGe AUTO CURRent AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX CURRent AC RESolution MIN MAX CURRent DC APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX CURRent DC APERture MIN MAX CURRent DC NPLCycles 02 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX CURRent DC NPLCycles MIN MAX CURRent DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX CURRent DC RANGe MIN MAX CURRent DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON CURRent DC RANGe AUTO CURRent DC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX CURRent DC RESolution MIN MAX DETector BANDwidth 3 20 200 MIN MAX DETector BANDwidth MIN MAX FREQuency APERture 0 01 0 1 1 MIN MAX FREQuency APERture MIN MAX FREQuency VOLTage RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX FREQuency VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO OFF ON F
136. e grouped into command subsystem structures A command subsystem structure is a hierarchical structure Format that usually consists of a top level or root command one or more low level commands and their parameters The following example shows the root command CALibration and its lower level subsystem commands CALibration COUNt LFRequency 50 60 MIN MAX LFRequency MIN MAX SECure CODE lt new code gt SECure STATe OFF ON lt code gt SECure STATe STRing lt quoted string gt STRing VALue lt value gt VALue ZERO AUTO ON OFF ZERO AUTO CALibration is the root command COUNt LFRequency LFRequency SECure STRing STRing VALue and VALue are second level commands and CODE STATe and STATe are third level commands Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 67 Command A colon always separates one command from the next lower level command as Separator shown below CALibration SECure STATe Colons separate the root command from the second level command CALibration SECure and the second level from the third level SECure STATe Abbreviated The command syntax shows most commands as a mixture of upper and lower case Commands letters The upper case letters indicate the abbreviated spelling for the command For shorter program lines send the abbreviated form For better program readability you may send the entire command The instrument will accept either the abbreviated form or the entire comm
137. e multimeter s measurement uncertainty can be determined relative to the calibration reference used Absolute accuracy includes the multimeter s relative accuracy specification plus the known error of the calibration reference relative to national standards such as the U S National Institute of Standards and Technology To be meaningful the accuracy specifications must be accompanied with the conditions under which they are valid These conditions should include temperature humidity and time There is no standard convention among multimeter manufacturers for the confidence limits at which specifications are set The table below shows the probability of non conformance for each specification with the given assumptions Specification Criteria Probability of Failure Mean 2 sigma 4 5 Mean 3 sigma 0 3 Mean 4 sigma 0 006 Variations in performance from reading to reading and instrument to instrument decrease for increasing number of sigma for a given specification This means that you can achieve greater actual measurement precision for a specific accuracy specification number The E1412A is designed and tested to meet performance better than mean 4 sigma of the published accuracy specifications Transfer Accuracy Transfer accuracy refers to the error introduced by the multimeter due to noise and short term drift This error becomes apparent when comparing two nearly equal signals for the purpose o
138. eadings To transfer readings from memory to the output buffer use the FETCh command If TRIGger SOURce is not IMMediate the measurement starts as soon as a trigger is received either from the external BNC connector the V XIbus backplane TTLT lt n gt trigger lines or a BUS trigger The READ command executes INITiate implicitly The MEASure command executes READ implicitly Executing READ outputs data directly to the output buffer bypassing the multimeter s internal memory Related Commands CONFigure FETCh READ RST Condition RST places the multimeter in the idle state Example Placing Multimeter in Wait For Trigger State Chapier 3 CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is the external BNC on the multimeter INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state store readings in internal memory when ext trigger is received FETC Place readings in output buffer INIT You must re initiate the wait for trigger state after each trigger cycle Multimeter Command Reference 99 INPut The INPut command enables or disables the automatic input impedance mode for DC voltage measurements Subsystem Syntax INPut IMPedance AUTO OFF ON IMPedance AUTO IMPedance AUTO INPut IMPedance AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the automatic input impedance mode for DC voltage measurements When disabled AUTO OFF the multimeter maintains its input impedance of 10MA for all DC v
139. ects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using FREQuency VOLT RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure PERiod VOLT RANGe e RST Condition FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 130 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance APERture SENSe FRESistance APERture lt number gt sets the integration time in seconds for 4 wire resistance measurements Values are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 333 ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7 ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1
140. ed to the summary bit setting Status Byte Register bit 3 true The event register bits are not reported in the Status Bytes Register unless specifically enabled Multimeter Command Reference 153 QUEStionable ENABle STATus QUEStionable ENABle returns a decimal weighted number representing the bits enabled in the Questionable Data Signal Register s enable register signifying which bits will set QUE in the Status Byte QUEStionable EVENt STATus QUEStionable EVENt returns a decimal weighted number representing the bits set in the Questionable Data Signal Register s event register This command clears all bits in the event register when executed Questionable Data Register OTE STATus QUEStionable CONDition QUE Questionable Data gt TATus QUEStionable EVENt MAV Message Availabl 2 ESB Standard Event gt TATus QUEStionable ENABI inmask Regies rvice TATus QUEStionable ENABLE TS ces gt Condition Register EV Event Register ltage erload EN Enable Register current Overload RO Interfac us gt Service Request Status Byte Register Ohr rload 2 STB Limit Test Fail LO 4 inmash Limit Test Fail HI 9E E E SY OR cp Output Buffer SRQ ROUTING handled by r ipplicatior program or passed to the controller via GPIB Standard Event Register KES E lt unmask SE peration Complete ummar Bit unmask examples Qu
141. elects the dBm reference value Choose from 50 75 93 110 124 125 135 150 250 300 500 600 default 800 900 1000 1200 or 8000 ohms MIN 50Q MAX 80000 You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register The dBm reference is stored in non volatile memory Example Set the DBM Reference Value CALC STAT ON Turn on the math operation CALC DBM REF 135 Sets DBM reference value to 135 CALC FUNC DBM Select the DBM math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state DBM REFerence CALCulate DBM REFerence MIN MAX queries the dBm reference Example Query the DBM Reference Value Set for the DBM Math Operation CALC DBM REF Query the DBM reference value Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 75 FUNCtion CALCulate FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL selects the math function to be used One function is enabled at a time with NULL the default The selected function MUST be enabled with CALC STATe ON Parameter AVERage measurements store the minimum and maximum readings from a Summary number of measurements The multimeter records the number of readings taken since the average function was enabled then calculates the average of all the readings You read these values with CALC AVER MIN MAX AVERage and COUNt DB measurements are the difference between the input signal and a stored relative value with
142. ent If the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state INITiate TRIGger SOURce IMMediate sends the trigger The MEASure and CONFigure commands automatically set the trigger source to IMMediate TTLTrgO through TTLTrg7 Trigger source is the VXIbus TTL trigger lines The multimeter is triggered on the falling negative going edge of a TTL input signal NOTE B size controllers do not support VXIbus TTL triggers e g E1306A Command Module E1300 E1301B B Size Mainframes For example the following program statement selects the external trigger BNC connector as the trigger source TRIGger SOURce EXTernal You can change the trigger source only when the multimeter is in the idle state Attempting to change the trigger source while the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state will generate the Settings conflict error 46 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Checking the The TRIGger SOURce command returns BUS EXT IMM or Trigger Source 9 TTLTn to show the present trigger source The string is sent to the output buffer Note Note that a CONFigure or MEASure command automatically sets the trigger source to IMMediate You must follow the CONFigure command with the TRIG SOUR command to set the trigger source to BUS EXTernal or to TTLTrg lt n gt The MEAS command always uses TRIG SOUR IMM External Triggering Use TRIGger SOURce EXTernal to set the trigger source to exter
143. er in series with a test circuit to measure current a measurement error is introduced The error is caused by the multimeter s series burden voltage A voltage is developed across the wiring resistance and current shunt resistance of the multimeter as shown below ra Ret IAS a Urce itage DUT source resistar b multimeter burden voltage R multimeter current shunt 22 True RMS AC Measurements True RMS responding multimeters like the E1412A measure the heating potential of an applied signal Unlike an average responding measurement a true RMS measurement can be used to determine the power dissipated in a resistance even by non sinusoidal signals The power is proportional to the square of the measured true RMS voltage independent of waveshape An average responding ac multimeter is calibrated to read the same as a true RMS meter for sinewave inputs only For other waveform shapes an average responding meter will exhibit substantial errors as shown below Naveform Average Shape AC RMS AC DC RMS Responding Error Se eae Calibrated for O error N gt gt 3 x V3 52 V3 ne pt 12 em E V TO PV F 46 f CF S 4 The multimeter s ac voltage and ac current functions measure the ac coupled true RMS value This is in contrast to the ac dc true RMS value shown above Only the heating value of the ac components of the input waveform are measured dc is rejected For non offs
144. ernal memory as with an INIT command With INIT a FETCh command is required to transfer readings from internal memory to the output buffer You may want to use the READ mode of operation when readings need to be taken at a continuous rate The rate the controller removes the readings from the multimeter needs to match the rate the multimeter puts them into the output buffer to keep from filling the output buffer The multimeter will quit making measurements until you remove readings from the output buffer and make room in the output buffer for more readings Related Commands CONFigure FETCh INITiate Example Transfer Readings Directly to Output Buffer dimension array Dimension computer array to store 100 readings CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage SAMP COUN 100 Specify 100 readings per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer trigger source is IMMediate by default enter statement Enter readings into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 113 SAMPle The SAMPle command subsystem operates with the TRIGger command subsystem The SAMPle subsystem designates the number of readings count made for each trigger signal received Subsystem Syntax SAMPle COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX COUNt MIN MAX COUNt SAMPle COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX designates the number of readings per trigger Parameters P
145. ero OFF does not perform a new zero measurement Autozero ONCE performs an immediate zero measurement SENSe ZERO AUTO OFF ONCE ON Rang INQ You can let the multimeter automatically select the range using autoranging or you can specify a range If you specify an expected value for the signal you are measuring the multimeter selects the range to accommodate the expected input signal and turns autoranging off Specify a range for faster measurements to eliminate the autoranging time The multimeter has autorange mode enabled at power on and after a module reset Autorange thresholds Down range at lt 10 of range Up range at gt 120 of range The multimeter will provide an overload indication by returning 9 90000000E 37 if the input signal is greater than the present range can measure and autoranging is disabled or at the maximum range setting The multimeter uses one range for all inputs between 3 Hz and 300kHz for the frequency and period functions The multimeter determines an internal resolution based on a 3 Hz signal If you query the range the multimeter will respond with 3Hz Frequency and period measurements return 0 with no input signal applied The specified range applies to the signal connected to the Input terminals for ratio measurements Autoranging is automatically selected for reference voltage measurements on the Sense terminals You can set the range using any of the following commands
146. erwritten The output buffer is cleared when power has been off or after a RST reset command has been executed Query UNTERMINATED The multimeter was addressed to talk i e to send data over the interface but a command has not been received which sends data to the output buffer For example you may have executed a CONFigure command which does not generate data and then attempted an ENTER statement to read data from the remote interface Query DEADLOCKED A command was received which generates too much data to fit in the output buffer and the input buffer is also full Command execution continues but all data is lost Query UNTERMINATED after indefinite response The IDN command must be the last query command within a command string Example IDN SYST VERS Isolator UART framing error Isolator UART overrun error Unexpected reset occurred The outguard circuit recognized the inguard circuit reset probably due to an abnormal input condition This error causes the instrument to go to the power on setting and the previous setting is lost Input buffer overflow Output buffer overflow Insufficient memory There is not enough memory to store the requested number of readings in internal memory using the INITiate command The product of the sample count SAMPle COUNt and the trigger count TRIGger COUNt must not exceed 512 readings 188 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B 532 540 Self Test Error
147. ery Error N I 4 Weel unmask Devic Error DR register decimal Execution Error Sp bit eight ommand Error peration Complete l gt Esp E En ESE 61 unmasks standard event register bits O 2 4 and 5 ESE 1 only unmasks bit 0 SRE inmasks the QUE bit questionable data in the status byte register This is effecti only if the STAT QUES ENA inmask command is ited See be STAT QUES ENAB 6659 unmasks all bits bits and 12 that car et the QUE bit in tr tatus Byte Figure 3 1 E1412A Status System Register Diagram 154 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 SYSTem The SYSTem command subsystem returns error numbers and their associated messages from the error queue You can also query the SCPI version to which this instrument complies Subsystem Syntax SYSTem ERRor VERSion ERRor SYSTem ERRor returns the error numbers and corresponding error messages in the error queue See Appendix B in this manual for a listing of the error numbers messages and descriptions Comments When an error is generated by the multimeter 1t stores an error number and corresponding message in the error queue One error is removed from the error queue each time the SYSTem ERRor command is executed The errors are cleared in a first in first out order This means that 1f several errors are waiting in the queue each SYSTem ERRor query returns the oldest not the most recent error That error is then removed from t
148. et integration time in seconds Query aperture integration time Select range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set integration time in seconds Query integration time Seconds Set integration time in PLCs Query integration time PLCs Select range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Specify resolution Query resolution Set integration time in seconds Query integration time seconds Select range Query range Enable disable autoranging Query autorange mode Set integration time in seconds Query integration time seconds Set integration time in PLCs Query integration time PLCs Set range Query range Set autorange mode Query autorange mode Specify resolution Query resolution Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 169 Command Description SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX Set range VOLTage AC RANGe MIN MAX Query range VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO OFF ON Enable disable autoranging VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO Query autorange mode VOLTage AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX Specify resolution VOLTage AC RESolution MIN MAX Query resolution VOLTage DC APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms Set integration time in seconds 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX VOLTage DC APERture MIN MAX Query integration time seconds VOLTage DC NPLCycles 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 Set integration time in PLCs MIN MAX
149. et math function to DB CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operation CALCulate DB REFerence lt value gt Store a dB reference value dBm Measurements The dBm operation calculates the power delivered to a resistance referenced to 1 milliwatt aD reading dBm 10 x logo 118E i reference resistance x 1 mW Applies to de voltage and ac voltage measurements only e You can choose from 17 different reference resistance values The factory setting for the reference resistance is 6000 Set your desired value with the CALC DBM REF lt value gt command The choices for lt value gt are 50 75 93 110 124 125 135 150 250 300 500 600 800 900 1000 1200 or 8000 ohms The reference resistance is stored in nonvolatile memory and does not change when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset Storing the dBm Do not confuse this operation with the dB reference DB function See the Reference Resistance previous section dB Measurements and take note of the multimeter s dB Value reference setting dB uses a reference level dBm uses a reference resistance Use the following commands to activate the dBm function and input a reference resistance value The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the Reference Resistance Register CALCulate FUNCtion DBm Set math function to DBm CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operation CALCulate DBM REFerence lt value gt Store a dBm reference
150. et sinewaves triangle waves and square waves the ac and ac dc values are equal since these waveforms do not contain a de offset Non symmetrical waveforms such as pulse trains contain de voltages which are rejected by ac coupled true RMS measurements An ac coupled true RMS measurement is desirable in situations where you are measuring small ac signals in the presence of large dc offsets such as when measuring ac ripple present on de power supplies There are situations however where you might want to know the ac dc true RMS value You can 32 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 determine this value by combining results from de and ac measurements as shown below You should perform the de measurement using at least 10 power line cycles of integration 6 digit mode for best ac rejection RMS ac dc Jac de Crest Factor Errors A common misconception is if an ac multimeter is a true RMS instrument non si nusoidal the multimeter s sinewave accuracy specifications apply to all waveforms z Actually the shape of the input signal can dramatically affect measurement inputs accuracy A common way to describe signal waveshapes is crest factor Crest factor of a waveform is the ratio of its peak value to its RMS value Common Crest Factors The crest factor for a sine wave is 2 1 414 For a triangular wave the crest factor is 3 1 732 For a square wave with pulse width t and duty cycle T see the graphic i
151. et the line frequency reference to 400Hz The line frequency reference setting is also useful when the device being measured operates at a different frequency than the multimeter For example if the multimeter has a power line frequency reference of 60Hz and the device being measured has a power line frequency of 50Hz maximum NMR is achieved by setting the multimeter s reference frequency to 50 Hz by executing CAL LFR 50 The CALibration LFRequency command returns the present setting of the power line frequency reference The command returns 50 or 60 For a setting of 400 Hz 50 is returned since 50 Hz is a sub harmonic of 400 Hz Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 17 Front Panel Indicator E Failed turns on momentarily during the multimeter s power on AULTIVETER self test If the multimeter successfully establishes internal Failed _ Acces communication the indicator turns off If the multimeter fails to establish internal communication the indicator remains on Access turns on only when the resource manager is communicating with the multimeter Errors turns on only when an error is present in the multimeter s J j error queue The error can result from improperly executing a E command or the multimeter being unable to pass self test or FER calibration Use the SYST ERR command repeatedly to read att and clear the error queue or use CLS to clear the error queue NY without reading the errors A response of
152. eter Specifications DC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications of reading of range 1 Temperature Test Current or Coefficient Burden 24 Hour 2 90 Day 1 Year 0 C 18 C Function Range 3 Voltage 23 C 1 C 23 C 5 C 23 C 5 C 28 C 55 C DC Voltage 100 0000mV 0 0030 0 0030 0 0040 0 0035 0 0050 0 0035 0 0005 0 0005 1 000000V 0 0020 0 0006 0 0030 0 0007 0 0040 0 0007 0 0005 0 0001 10 00000V 0 0015 0 0004 0 0020 0 0005 0 0035 0 0005 0 0005 0 0001 100 0000V 0 0020 0 0006 0 0035 0 0006 0 0045 0 0006 0 0005 0 0001 300 0000V 0 0020 0 0018 0 0035 0 0030 0 0045 0 0030 0 0005 0 0003 Resistance 4 100 0000Q 1mA 0 0030 0 0030 0 0080 0 0040 0 0100 0 0040 0 0006 0 0005 1 000000kQ 1mA 0 0020 0 0005 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0006 0 0001 10 00000kQ 100nA 0 0020 0 0005 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0006 0 0001 100 0000kQ 10uA 0 0020 0 0005 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0006 0 0001 1 000000 MQ 5uA 0 0020 0 0010 0 0080 0 0010 0 0100 0 0010 0 0010 0 0002 10 00000 MQ 500nA 0 0150 0 0010 0 0350 0 0010 0 0540 0 0010 0 0030 0 0004 100 0000MQ 500nA 10MQ 0 3000 0 0100 0 8000 0 0100 0 8000 0 0100 0 1500 0 0002 DC Current 10 00000mA lt 0 1V 0 0050 0 0100 0 0500 0 0200 0 0700 0 0200 0 0050 0 0020 100 0000mA lt 0 7V 0 0100 0 0040
153. eter will accept a BUS trigger from the VXIbus an external trigger from the front panel Trig BNC connector or an immediate trigger from the multimeter s internal trigger system 3 You must make sure that the multimeter is ready to accept a trigger from the specified trigger source this is called the wait for trigger state by issuing a READ or INIT command A MEASure command always uses an immediate trigger see the flow chart in Figure 2 1 on page 45 The Trigger Source The TRIGger SOURce lt source gt command configures the multimeter s trigger system to respond to the specified source The following trigger sources are available BUS Trigger source is the GPIB Group Execute Trigger GET or the TRG common command Within the 75000 Series C mainframes the instrument whose trigger source is BUS and was the last instrument addressed to listen will respond to the GPIB Group Execute Trigger The TRG command differs from GET because it is sent to a specific instrument not a group of instruments NOTE B size controllers do not support the BUS trigger e g E1306A command module E1300 E1301A B size mainframes EXTernal Trigger source is the multimeter s external trigger BNC connector labeled Trig on the front panel A falling negative going edge of the input signal triggers the multimeter The external pulse signal must be gt 1 us 5 V maximum to OV TTL levels IMMediate Internal trigger is always pres
154. external BNC on multimeter front panel SAMP COUN 10 Specify 10 readings per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurements when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer timeout may occur May require INIT monitor the status byte for completion standard event bit 0 FETC to transfer readings to the output buffer vs READ enter statement Enter readings into computer The SAMPle COUNt MINimum MAXimum command returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present sample count 1 through 50 000 if neither MIN nor MAX is specified The minimum sample count available 1 if MIN is specified The maximum sample count available 50 000 if MAX is specified Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 51 E1412A Multimeter Application Examples This section contains example programs that demonstrate several applications using the E1412A Multimeter The examples described in this section list only the SCPI commands see Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference required to perform the application The programming language is not included in print but C and Visual Basic programs are included on the VXIplug amp play driver media under the subdirectory examples VTL Software Application example programs provided with the E1412A Multimeter are VIS A written using VTL 3 0 VISA Transition Language VISA Virtual Instrument Softw
155. f transferring the known accuracy of one device to the other 24 Hour Accuracy The 24 hour accuracy specification indicates the multimeter s relative accuracy over its full measurement range for short time intervals and within a stable environment Short term accuracy is usually specified for a 24 hour period and for a 1 C temperature range 90 Day and 1 Year Accuracy These long term accuracy specifications are valid for a 23 C 5 C temperature range These specifications include the initial calibration errors plus the multimeter s long term drift errors Temperature Coefficients Accuracy is usually specified for a 23 C 5 C temperature range This is a common temperature range for many operating environments You must add additional temperature coefficient errors to the accuracy specification if you are operating the multimeter outside a 23 C 5 C temperature range Appendix A E1412A Multimeter Specifications 183 Configuring for High Accuracy Measurements The measurement configurations shown below assume that the multimeter is in its power on or reset state It is also assumed that manual ranging is enabled to ensure proper full scale range selection DC Voltage DC Current and Resistance Measurements Set the resolution to 6 digits Fast integration time of 10 PLC You can use the 6 digits slow mode integration time of 100 PLC for further noise reduction Set the input resistance to greater than 10GQ for
156. fied The maximum trigger delay available 3600 seconds if MAX is specified Query the Trigger Delay TRIG DEL 002 Wait 2ms between trigger and start of measurement TRIG DEL Query multimeter to return trigger delay enter statement Enter value into computer TRIGger DELay AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables a trigger delay automatically determined by the present function range NPLC setting AC filter setting and integration time see the table on the next page The trigger delay specifies the period between the trigger signal and the start of the measurement and between each sample when SAMPle COUNt gt 1 Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units e You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters The trigger delay is inserted between the trigger and each measurement If a trigger delay is specified using the TRIGger DELay lt period gt command TRIG DEL AUTO is turned OFF e RST Condition TRIG DEL AUTO ON Disable Automatic Trigger Delay TRIG DEL AUTO OFF Disable automatic trigger delay 158 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 DELay AUTO Example Chapter 3 Default Trigger Delays for DC Voltage and DC Current all ranges Integration Time Trigger Delay NPLC gt 1 1 5ms NPLC lt 1 1 0ms Default Trigger Delays for 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Range Trigger Delay Trigger Delay For NPLC
157. forms a mathematical operation on every reading or stores data on a series of readings The selected math operation remains in effect until you disable it change functions turn off the power or perform a remote interface reset The math operations use one or more internal registers You can preset the values in some of the registers while others hold the results of the math operation The following table shows the math measurement function combinations allowed Each x indicates an allowable combination If you choose a math operation that is not allowed with the present measurement function math is turned off If you select a valid math operation and then change to one that is invalid a Settings conflict error is generated over the remote interface For null and dB measurements you must turn on the math operation before writing to their math registers Valid Math Measurement Function Combinations J Measurements DCV ACV DCI ACI Q2W O4W Freq Per Ratio AVERage X X X X X X X X X DB X X DBM X Xx LiMit X X X X X X X X X NULL X Xx Subsystem Syntax CALCulate AVERage AVERage AVERage COUNt AVERage MAXimum AVERage MINimum DB REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX DB REFerence MIN MAX DBM REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX DBM REFerence MIN MAX FUNCtion AVERage DB DBM LIMit NULL FUNCtion LIMit LOWer lt value gt MI
158. fying the lt resolution gt parameter in the MEASure or CONFigure command or by directly setting it with the SENSe FREQuency APERture or SENSe PERiod APERture command or SENSe function NPLC commands Appendix C Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs 197 Store the Readings in Multimeter RAM Instead of Sending them Directly to the Computer INIT FETCH READ There is a major difference between INIT FETCh and READ after a CONFigure command When the INITiate command is sent to the E1412A the multimeter will store up to 512 readings in Multimeter RAM For example CONF VOLT DC SAMP COUN 200 INIT Stores 200 readings in RAM FETC Transfers readings to output buffer The E1412A then takes the readings as soon as its trigger conditions have been satisfied and stores them in internal memory RAM For example if the trigger source is IMMediate the readings are started once INITiate is executed If the trigger source is EXT then the readings are started when an external trigger is received The FETCh command causes the readings that have been stored in the multimeter RAM to be placed in the multimeter s output buffer so they can be retrieved and sent over the GPIB bus or other I O interface such as V XLink No readings are output until all readings have been taken and stored in internal memory RAM This results in a burst then transfer mode of operation The multimeter can store a maximum of 512 readings in
159. g MEASure is equivalent to configuring the multimeter with the low level commands shown in the following table Command Setting RANGe As specified or AUTO RESolution As specified or as a function of range integration time or NPLCs AC filter 20 Hz 300 kHz medium filter SENSe DET BAND Autozero OFF if resolution setting results in NPLC lt 1 SENSe ZERO AUTO ON if resolution setting results in NPLC gt 1 Input resistance Applies to dc voltage and is disabled for all other SENSe INP IMP AUTO functions 10MQ for all dc voltage ranges Samples per trigger 1 sample SAMP COUN Trigger count 1 trigger TRIG COUN Trigger delay AUTO Automatic delay TRIG DEL Trigger source IMM trigger signal is always true TRIG SOUR Math function OFF CALCulate STATe MEASure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTOL lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTOL lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MI
160. ge and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and the settings after a module reset RST PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3 33E 01 3 33E 07 MAX 3 33E 01 3 33E 05 DEF AUTO and module 3 33E 01 3 33E 06 reset RST Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 91 RESistance CONFigure RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 2 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100Q 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ ohms 10MQ 100MQ MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 100Q MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for ran
161. ge or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEFault for range CONF RES DEF MIN or CONF RES DEF MAX or CONF RES AUTO MIN or CONF RES AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 2 Wire Ohms Measurements CONF RES 850 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected 1kQ MAX resolution 0 1Q SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings INIT Place multimeter in wait for trigger state store readings in internal memory trigger source is IMMediate by default FETC Place readings in output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 92 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage AC CONFigure VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC coupled RMS voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 0 1V 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input s
162. gration time 122 123 131 132 136 139 140 147 148 line frequency 80 lower limit 77 math function 76 math function state 78 measurement function 118 NPLC 123 132 140 148 null offset value 78 point calibrations 79 range 2 wire resistance 141 4 wire resistance 133 ac current 119 ac voltage measurements 144 de current 124 Index 207 de voltage measurements 149 frequency measurements 129 period measurements 137 readings stored in memory 97 resolution 2 wire resistance 143 4 wire resistance 135 ac current 121 ac voltage measurements 146 de current 126 de voltage measurements 151 sample count 51 115 SCPI version number 155 trigger count 49 157 delay time 51 158 159 source 47 161 upper limit 77 voltmeter complete destination 112 Questionable Data Register 60 bits QUE 63 Quick Reference common commands 162 167 SCPI commands 167 170 R Range 40 2 wire ohms 92 107 141 2 wire resistance 141 4 wire ohms 90 105 133 134 4 wire resistance 133 134 ac current 87 102 120 ac current vs resolution 71 ac voltage 93 108 144 145 ac voltage vs resolution 71 and resolution tables 70 71 commands non SCPI 193 198 de current 88 103 124 125 dc ratio voltage 95 110 dc voltage 94 109 149 150 error 180 frequency function 89 104 129 130 increasing measurement speed 193 198 period function 91 106 137 138 querying 2 wire resistance 141 4 wire resi
163. he fast filter settles in 0 1 seconds and is useful for frequencies above 200 Hz The medium filter settles in 1 second and is useful for measurements above 20 Hz The slow filter settles in 7 seconds and is useful for frequencies above 3 Hz With a few precautions you can perform ac measurements at speeds up to 50 readings per second Use manual ranging to eliminate autoranging delays By setting the preprogrammed settling trigger delays to 0 each filter will allow up to 50 readings per second However the measurement might not be very accurate since the filter is not fully settled In applications where sample to sample levels vary widely the medium filter 20Hz will settle adequately at almost 1 reading per second and the fast filter 200 Hz will settle adequately at almost 10 readings per second If the sample to sample levels are similar little settling time is required for each new reading Under this specialized condition the medium filter will provide reduced accuracy results at 5 readings per second and the fast filter will provide reduced accuracy results at 50 readings per second Additional settling time may be required when the dc level varies from sample to sample DC Blocking Circuitry The multimeter s de blocking circuitry has a settling time constant of 0 2 seconds This time constant only affects measurement accuracy when de offset levels vary from sample to sample If maximum measurement speed is desired in a scann
164. he following errors indicate failures that may occur during a calibration The most common errors have descriptions here Refer to the E 412A Service Manual for more information on the other errors Cal security disabled by jumper The calibration security feature has been disabled with a jumper inside the multimeter When applicable this error will occur at power on to warn you that the multimeter is unsecured Cal secured The multimeter is secured against calibration Invalid secure code An invalid calibration security code was received when attempting to unsecure or secure the multimeter You must use the same security code to unsecure the multimeter as was used to secure it and vice versa The security code may contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters The first character must be a letter Secure code too long A security code was received which contained more than 12 characters Cal aborted A calibration in progress is aborted when you send a device clear to the multimeter Cal value out of range The specified calibration value CAL VALue is invalid for the present function and range Cal signal measurement out of range The specified calibration value CAL VALue does not match the signal applied to the multimeter Cal signal frequency out of range The input signal frequency for an ac calibration does not match the required input frequency for calibration 190 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B Appendi
165. he queue When the error queue is empty subsequent SYSTem ERRor queries return 0 No error To clear all errors from the queue execute the CLS command The error queue has a maximum capacity of 20 errors If the queue overflows the last error is replaced with 350 Too many errors No additional errors are accepted by the queue until space becomes available Example Reading the Error Queue SYST ERR Query the error queue enter statement Enter readings into computer VERSion SYSTem VERSion returns the SCPI version number this instrument complies Comments The information returned is in the format YYYY R where Yyyy is the year and R is the revision number within that year Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 155 TRIGger The TRIGger command subsystem controls the behavior of the trigger system The subsystem can control The number of triggers to occur before the multimeter returns to the idle state TRIGger COUNt The delay between trigger and measurement TRIGger DELay The source of the trigger TRIGger SOURce Subsystem Syntax TRIGger COUNt lt number gt MIN MAX INFinite COUNt MIN MAX DELay lt seconds gt MIN MAX DELay MIN MAX DELay AUTO OFF ON DELay AUTO SOURce BUS IMMediate EXTernal TTLTrg0 7 SOURce COUNt TRIGger COUNt lt number gt sets the number of triggers to be issued Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of
166. he same as the integration time for the measurement function in use Except for FREQuency and PERiod functions integration time is usually specified in number of power line cycles NPLC The default NPLC is 10 You can also specify an integration time in seconds for de voltage de current resistance four wire resistance frequency and period using the aperture time command for each function Aperture time has a direct correlation to NPLC except for the FREQuency and PERiod functions which do not use NPLC and is shown in the tables beginning on page 70 See the SENSe FREQ APER and SENSe PER APER commands for setting frequency and period aperture time The integration time is stored in volatile memory The multimeter selects 10 PLCs at power on or after a module reset See following information for FREQuency and PERiod aperture time Only integral numbers of power line cycles 1 10 or 100 PLCs provide normal mode line frequency noise rejection You cannot control the reading rate for ac measurements with integration time because integration time is fixed at 10 PLCs for all ac measurements You must use a trigger delay to pace ac voltage and ac current measurements NPLCs are not applicable to the FREQuency and PERiod functions Frequency and period measurements set resolution by specifying aperture time The aperture time for the FREQuency and PERiod functions default to 100mS Specify an aperture time of 10mS for 4 d
167. hen readings are available by monitoring the status byte and can retrieve readings when they are available Figure 2 5 illustrates the E1412A status system A Questionable Data Register an Output Buffer and a Standard Event Register each have a respective status bit in the Status Byte Register The Output Buffer sets the MAV bit when there is data available such as measurement readings or a response to a SCPI query command The Questionable Data Register and Standard Event Register require you to unmask the bits you want to be OR d into a summary bit which sets the respective bit in the Status Byte You must also unmask the status bits you want OR d into a summary bit to set the Service Request bit SRQ if you want to generate an interrupt The example programs illustrate this requirement Status Byte Register STB SPOLL RE lt unmask SRE Sp OF i IX SRQ ROUTING handled by your applicatior program or passed to th controller via GPIB inmask examples unmask sgister lecimal bit ight R Operation Complete L 0 gt ESB ESE 61 unmasks standard nt register bit 4 and 5 ESE 1 only unmasks bit 0 SRE 8 unmasks th JUE bit questionable data in the status byte register This is effecti only if th TAT QUES ENA Inmask command is executed gt bel STAT QUES ENAB 6659 unmasks all bits bits O 1 9 and that can set th
168. if MIN is specified The resolution with the largest value i e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 143 Example Query the Resolution RES RES 10E 03 Set resolution to 10 mQ RES RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer VOLTage AC RANGe SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe lt range gt selects the range for AC coupled RMS voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the VOLTage AC RANGe command 100mV MAX selects the maximum range available 300 V You must select a range using VOLTage AC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode setting VOLT AC RANG AUTO OFF The VOLT AC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command specifying the same function With the new range a new resolution is also selected e RST Condition VOLT AC RANG 10V Example Change the Range CONF VOLT AC 01 05 MAX Function AC volts range selected 10V VOLT AC RANG 1 Range selected 1V READ
169. igger multimeter TRIG COUN 8 Multimeter will accept 8 triggers TRIG DEL 0 01 Use a 10 ms delay before each measurement OUTP TTLT1 STAT ON Output VM Complete to switch via TTLT1 CALC FUNC AVER Select the math function AVERage CALC STAT ON Enable math operations OPC Wait until above commands are processed Read the response to the OPC command from multimeter INIT Puts multimeter in the wait for trigger state trigger source is TTLTrig2 line OUTPut by the switch k Now set up the switch module RST Reset the switch module CLS Clear the switch module s status registers ABOR Abort any switch operation in progress STAT OPER ENAB 256 Enable bit 8 of operation status register OUTP TTLT2 STAT ON Enable switch closure to trigger multimeter TRIG SOUR TTLT1 Allow VM Complete to advance the scan SCAN 100 107 Specify a switch module scan list OPC Wait until above commands are processed Read the response to the OPC command from switch INIT Starts scanning by closure of the first channel in the scan list sends output signal to multimeter via TTLTrig2 to trigger a measurement multimeter sends TTLT1 VM Complete back to switch module to advance scan to the next channel measurements are stored in multimeter internal memory EHC EC 2 2A 2 HA A AC IE 2 aE 2 2A EEEE EE 21 2A 2A AI 2 EE 2 2A A A oA 2 le le Read switch s status byte until all channels are scanned and scan complete bit 8 in the operation
170. igits 100mS for 5 digits or 1 second for 6Y digits of resolution Set integration time using the following commands SENSe lt function gt NPLC lt number gt NPLCs are not applicable for the FREQ and PER functions SENSe lt function gt APER lt seconds gt Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 39 Autozero Autozero applies to de voltage de current and 2 wire resistance measurements The multimeter internally disconnects the input signal following each measurement and takes a zero reading when autozero is enabled Autozero enabled is the default setting It then subtracts the zero reading from the preceding reading This prevents offset voltages present on the multimeter s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy When autozero is disabled OFF the multimeter takes one zero reading and subtracts it from all subsequent measurements It takes a new zero reading each time you change function range or integration time You can disable autozero on de voltage de current and 2 wire ohms measurements only it is always disabled for ACV and ACI functions Autozero is always enabled when you select 4 wire ohms or ratio measurements The autozero mode is stored in volatile memory The multimeter automatically enables autozero at power on and after a module reset Use the following command to disable autozero or select the ONCE parameter The OFF and ONCE parameters have a similar effect Autoz
171. ignal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range For range MIN 0 1V MAX 300V For resolution See Table 3 4 on page 71 for valid resolution choices for each range To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEFault for range CONF VOLT AC DEF MIN or CONF VOLT AC DEF MAX or CONF VOLT AC AUTO MIN or CONF VOLT AC AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Example Making AC Voltage Measurements CONF VOLT AC 0 54 MAX Function AC volts range selected 1A MAX resolution 100 yA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 93 VOLTage DC CONFigure VOLTage DC lt range gt
172. ilable 300 V Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the FREQ VOLT RANG AUTO command The FREQ VOLT RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure FREQuency command e RST Condition FREQ VOLT RANG 10 Example Set the Voltage Range for Frequency Measurements to 100 V FREQ VOLT RANG 100 Voltage range for frequency measurements is 1 00V FREQuency VOLTage RANGe SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer 0 1 1 10 100 or 300 The present voltage range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum voltage range available 100mV 1f MIN is specified The maximum voltage range available 300V if MAX is specified Example Query the Measurement Range FREQ VOLT RANG 10 Select 10 V range FREQ VOLT RANG Query the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 129 FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for the signal level of frequency measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and sel
173. in Power Line Cycles PLCs Aperture Time for 60Hz Line Frequency seconds Maximum 100 PLCs 10 PLCs 1 PLC 0 2 PLC 0 02 PLC Range Reading 1 67s 167ms 16 7ms 3 33ms 0 333ms 10mA 12mA 3nA 10nA 30nA 100nA uA 100mA 120mA 30nA 100nA 300nA 11 A 104 A 1A 1 2A 3nA 1A 3uA 10A 1004A 3A 3A 900nA 3uA 9uA 30 A 300 uA 70 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 Table 3 3 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time A Integration Time in Power Line Cycles PLCs Aperture Time for 60 Hz Line Frequency seconds Maximum 100 PLCs 10 PLCs 1 PLC 0 2 PLC 0 02 PLC Range Reading 1 67s 167ms 16 7ms 3 33ms 0 333ms 1000 1200 3010 10040 30010 1ma 10mQ 1kQ 1 2kQ 300mQ 1mQ 3ma 10mQ 100mQ 10kQ 12kQ 3ma 10mQ 30mQ 100mQ 10 100kQ 120kQ 30mQ 100mQ 300mQ 10 100 1MQ 1 2MQ 300mQ 10 30 100 1000 10MQ 12MQ 30 100 300 1000 1kQ 100MQ 100MQ 300 1000 3000 1kQ 10kQ Table 3 4 AC Voltage Range versus Resolution Resolution Choices versus Range RANGE 100mV 1V 10V 100V 300V MIN 100nV 1uV 10nV 100u4V 1mV power on and 1uV 10uV 100uV 1mV 10mV RST setting MAX 10uV 100uV 1mV 10mV 100 mV Table 3 5 AC Current Range versus Resolution Resolution Choices versus Range RANGE 1A 3A MIN 1 A 3uA power on and 10A 30A RST setting MAX 1004 A 300 uA SCPI Command Reference
174. in the same subsystem For example to set trigger count trigger delay and the trigger source which are all set using the TRIGger subsystem send the following SCPI string TRIG COUNt 10 DELay 05 SOURce TTLT4 Linking Multiple SCPI Commands of Different Subsystems Use both a semicolon and a colon between commands of different subsystems For example a SAMPle and OUTPut command can be sent in the same SCPI string linked with a semicolon and colon as follows SAMP COUNt 10 OUTP TTLT4 ON Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 69 Multimeter Range and Resolution Tables The following tables list the voltage and resistance ranges available for the multimeter Also shown are the associated resolution values versus aperture time in seconds or integration time in power line cycles PLCs for each range Table 3 1 DC Voltage Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time fF Integration Time in Power Line Cycles PLCs Aperture Time for 60Hz Line Frequency seconds Maximum 100 PLCs 10 PLCs 1 PLC 0 2 PLC 0 02 PLC Range Reading 1 67s 167ms 16 7ms 3 33ms 0 333ms 100mV 120mV 30nV 100nV 300nV 1uV 10uV 1V 1 2V 300nV 1uV 31 V 10uV 1004 V 10V 12V 3uV 10uV 30uV 100uV 1mV 100V 120V 30uV 100uV 300uV 1mV 10mV 300V 300V 300 uV 1mV 3mV 10mV 100mV Table 3 2 DC Current Resolution versus Integration Time or Aperture Time fF Integration Time
175. ing lt quoted string gt Lets you store info about your calibration STRing Queries the cal string VALue lt cal_value gt Sets the calibration value VALue Queries the calibration value ZERO AUTO ON OFF Enable disable autozero mode ZERO AUTO Query autozero mode CALibration Initiates the calibration process using the cal value set by CAL VALue The command returns a value to indicate the calibration was successful Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 167 Command Description CONFigure CURRent AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for AC current lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for DC current lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for frequency lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for 4 wire ohms lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for period lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF RESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for 2 wire ohms lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for AC voltage lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF VOLTage DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO Configure multimeter for
176. ing system you may want to add an external de blocking circuit to those channels with significant dc voltages present This circuit can be as simple as a resistor and a capacitor Frequency and Period Measurement Errors The multimeter uses a reciprocal counting technique to measure frequency and period This method generates constant measurement resolution for any input frequency The multimeter s ac voltage measurement section performs input signal conditioning All frequency counters are susceptible to errors when measuring low voltage low frequency signals The effects of both internal noise and external noise pickup are critical when measuring slow signals The error is inversely proportional to frequency Measurement errors will also occur if you attempt to measure the frequency or period of an input following a dc offset voltage change You must allow the multimeter s input de blocking capacitor to fully settle before making frequency measurements 36 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Measurement Configuration This section contains information to help you configure the multimeter for making measurements The parameters discussed in this section give you measurement flexibility when using the CONFigure command AC Signal Filter The 1412A Multimeter has three different ac filters which enable you to either optimize low frequency accuracy or achieve faster ac settling times for ac voltage or ac curre
177. integrating analog to digital A D converters is their ability to reject spurious signals The integrating techniques reject power line related noise present with a de signal on the input This is called normal mode rejection or NMR Normal mode noise rejection is achieved when the multimeter measures the average of the input by integrating it over a fixed period If you set the integration time to a whole number of power line cycles PLCs these errors and their harmonics will average out to approximately zero The E1412A provides three A D integration times 1 10 and 100PLCs to reject power line frequency noise and power line frequency harmonics Power line frequency defaults to 60 Hz unless you specifically set it to 50Hz with the CAL LFR command The multimeter determines the proper integration time based on which power line frequency is set Table 2 2 shows the noise rejection achieved with various configurations Select a longer integration time for better resolution and increased noise rejection Table 2 2 Noise Rejection Integration Time Power Line Cycles PLCs 60Hz 50Hz NMR 0 02 400us 400 us NONE 0 2 3ms 3ms NONE 1 16 7 ms 20ms 60dB 10 167ms 200 ms 60dB 100 1 67sec 2sec 60dB Ideally a multimeter is completely isolated from earth referenced circuits However there is finite resistance between the multimeter s input LO terminal and earth ground as shown belo
178. ion with the smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range if MIN is specified The resolution with the largest value i e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 151 Example ZERO AUTO Parameters Comments Example ZERO AUTO 152 Example Query the Resolution VOLT DC RES 1E 03 Set resolution to 1 mV VOLT DC RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer SENSe ZERO AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autozero mode Autozero applies to de voltage de current and 2 wire ohms measurements only 4 wire ohms and dc voltage ratio measurements automatically enable the autozero mode Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 ONCE none You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters The ON parameter enables autozero This is the default parameter which causes the multimeter to internally disconnect the input signal following each measurement and make a zero measurement The zero reading is subtracted from the input signal reading to prevent offset voltages present on the multimeter s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy The OFF parameter disables autozero In this mode the multimeter takes one zero measurement and subtracts it from all
179. is specified The resolution with the largest value i e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Example Query the Resolution FRES RES 0 3E 03 Set resolution to 0 3mQ FRES RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 135 PERiod APERture SENSe PERiod APERture lt time gt MIN MAX sets the integration time in seconds Values for time are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt time gt numeric 10ms 100ms MIN MAX seconds Comments MINimum sets the aperture time to 10ms MAXimum sets the aperture time to 1 second The fastest aperture time available when autoranging is 100 ms In order to specify an aperture time of 10ms you must select a fixed range Setting the aperture time also sets the resolution Aperture time of 0 01 sets resolution at 4Y2 digits 0 1 sets 5Y2 digits and 1 sets 6 digits e RST Condition 0 1 100ms Example Set the Aperture Time PER APER 1E 2 Aperture time is 10 ms PERiod APERture SENSe PERiod APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 10 ms if MIN is specified The m
180. its internal memory The READ command does not store readings in internal memory RAM like the INITiate command does For example CONF VOLT DC SAMP COUN 200 READ Takes 200 readings and puts them in the output buffer The READ command causes the E1412A Multimeter to start taking readings as soon as the trigger requirements have been met For example if the trigger source is IMMediate the readings are started immediately If the trigger source is EXT then the readings are started when an external trigger is received The multimeter immediately places those readings in the multimeter s output buffer so they can be retrieved via the GPIB bus or other I O interface such as VXLink by the controller If the controller cannot take the readings from the output buffer fast enough the multimeter will suspend taking measurements until there is room to place the readings in the output buffer You can have a variable reading rate if your controller is busy doing other tasks instead of emptying the output buffer to make room for more readings 198 Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs Appendix C Index Agilent E1412A User s Manual and SCPI Programming Guide Index 199 Notes Numerics 2 Wire Ohms Measurement aperture time 139 connections 21 30 integration time 139 range 141 range resolution 92 107 resolution 143 4 Wire Ohms Measurement connections 21 29 integration time 131 range 133 134 range resolution 90 105
181. l computer software as defined in DFARS 252 227 7013 Oct 1988 DFARS 252 211 7015 May 1991 or DFARS 252 227 7014 Jun 1995 as a commercial item as defined in FAR 2 101 a or as Restricted computer software as defined in FAR 52 227 19 Jun 1987 or any equivalent agency regulation or contract clause whichever is applicable You have only those rights provided for such Software and Documentation by the applicable FAR or DFARS clause or the Agilent standard software agreement for the product involved IEC Measurement Category Il Overvoltage Protection This is a measurement Category II product designed for measurements at voltages up to 300V from earth including measurements of voltages at typical mains socket outlets The product should not be used to make voltage measurements on a fixed electrical installation including building wiring circuit breakers or service panels E1412A 64 Digit Multimeter User s Manual te Agilent Technologies Edition 5 Copyright 1998 2015 Agilent Technologies Inc All Rights Reserved Documentation History All Editions and Updates of this manual and their creation date are listed below The first Edition of the manual is Edition 1 The Edition number increments by 1 whenever the manual is revised Updates which are issued between Editions contain replacement pages to correct or add additional information to the current Edition of the manual Whenever a new Edition is created it will contain
182. le Query the Aperture Time RES APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms RES APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 139 RESistance NPLC SENSe RESistance NPLCycles lt number gt sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs The NPLC is set to a value from the range of values that can accommodate the lt number gt you specify For example specifying 11 sets the NPLC to 100 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments MINimum selects 0 02 PLCs MAXimum selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in power line cycles PLCs also sets the integration time and the resolution For example 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167 ms 60Hz line frequency or 200ms 50Hz The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The RES NPLC command overrides the results of a previously executed RESistance RESolution or RESistance APERture command the last command executed has priority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise e RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the Integration Time in PLCs RES NPLC 100
183. lectable 4 wire or 2 wire ohms Current source referenced to LO input 10 of range per lead for 100Q and 1kQ ranges 1kQ per lead on all other ranges 300V on all ranges 0 10 for 1A and 3A 5Q for 10mA and 100mA Externally accessible 3 15A 250V Class H fuse see note at the bottom of the AC Measuring Characteristics page describing class H fuses Input HI LO Reference HI LO Reference 04W Sense terminals 100mV to 300V ranges 100mV to 10V ranges autoranged Reference LO to Input LO voltage lt 2 V Reference HI to Input LO voltage lt 12 V Measurement Noise Rejection DC CMRR 140 dB 5 Integration Time 60 Hz 50 Hz 100 PLC 1 67s 2s 10 PLC 167ms 200ms 1 PLC 16 7ms 20ms lt 1 PLC 1 2 3 4 Ga a e e Normal Mode Rejection 6 60dB 7 60dB 7 60dB 7 OdB Specifications are for 1 hour warm up at an integration time of 100 PLCs Relative to calibration standards 20 overrange on all ranges except 300 Vdc and 3A range which have 1 overrange Specifications are for 4 wire ohms function or 2 wire ohms using Math Null Without Math Null add 0 22 additional error in 2 wire ohms function 172 E1412A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A DC Characteristics continued Operating Characteristics 8 Additional Noise Function PLCs Digits Readings sec Error 100 6 5 0 6 0 5 8 0 of range DCV DCI and 10 6 5 6 5 8 0 of range Re
184. lected if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum resistance range available 100Q if MIN is specified The maximum resistance range available 100 MQ if MAX is specified Example Query the Measurement Range FRES RANG 100 Select 100Q range FRES RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 133 FRESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe FRESistance RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for 4 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using FRESistance RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Example Put 4 wire Resistance Measurements in the Autorange Mode FRES RANG AUTO ON Autorange is turned on for 4 wire ohms measurements FRESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe FRESistance RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode FRES RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange FRES RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return au
185. listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and the settings after a module reset RST PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3E 00 3E 06 MAX 3E 00 3E 04 DEF AUTO and module 3E 00 3E 05 reset RST Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 89 FRESistance CONFigure FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 4 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100Q 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MOQ ohms 110MQ 100M0 MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEFault option for resolution defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1000 MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify DEF for range or do not specify a value for
186. lowing each measurement and make a zero measurement The zero reading is subtracted from the input signal reading to prevent offset voltages present on the multimeter s input circuitry from affecting measurement accuracy The OFF parameter disables autozero In this mode the multimeter takes one zero measurement and subtracts it from all subsequent input signal measurements prior to a change in function range or integration time A new zero measurement is made following a change in function range or integration time This mode increases measurement speed because a zero measurement is not made for each input signal measurement Autozero ONCE issues an immediate zero measurement and can be used to get an update on the zero measurement for a specific input signal measurement This helps to increase measurement speed since you update the zero reading without making zero measurements for every measurement RST Condition CALibrate ZERO AUTO ON autozero enabled CALibrate ZERO AUTO queries the autozero mode Returns 0 OFF or ONCE or 1 ON Multimeter Command Reference 83 CALibration CALibration performs a calibration using the specified calibration value set by the CALibration VALue command and queries the calibration response to verify a successful calibration Comments Execution of this command begins the electronic adjustment for the function and range the multimeter is set to The adjustment is performed based o
187. ltimeter Specifications Appendix A Frequency and Period Characteristics Accuracy Specifications of reading 1 4 Temperature Coefficient 24 Hour 2 90 Day 1 Year 0 C 18 C Function Range 3 Frequency 23 C 1 C 23 C 5 C 23 C 5 C 28 C 55 C 3Hz 5Hz 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 005 Frequency 100mV 5Hz 10Hz 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 005 Period to 10Hz 40Hz 0 03 0 03 0 03 0 001 300V 40Hz 300kHz 0 006 0 01 0 01 0 001 Additional Low Frequency Errors of reading 4 Integration Time number PLCs Frequency 3 Hz 5 Hz 5Hz 10Hz 10Hz 40Hz 40 Hz 100Hz 100Hz 300Hz 300 Hz 1 kHz gt l kHz 100 amp 10 1 amp 0 2 0 02 0 0 12 0 12 0 0 17 0 17 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 06 0 21 0 0 03 0 21 0 0 01 0 07 0 0 0 02 Measuring Characteristics Frequency and Period Measurement Method Voltage Ranges Gate Time Reciprocal counting technique AC coupled input using the ac voltage measurement function 100 mV rms full scale to 300V rms Auto or manual ranges 10 ms 100 ms or 1 second Settling Considerations Errors will occur when attempting to measure the frequency or period of an input following a dc offset voltage change The input blocking RC time constant must be allowed to adequately settle up to 1 second before the most accurate measurements are possible Measurement Considerations All frequency counters are susceptible to error when measuring low voltage low frequency signals
188. lue for the selected range MAX selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range To select autorange specify AUTO or DEF for range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS FRES DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS FRES DEF MIN or MEAS FRES DEF MAX Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 4 Wire Ohms Measurements MEAS FRES 1500 MAX Function 4 wire ohms range selected 10kW MAX resolution 10 Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 105 PERiod MEASure PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the period function and allows you to specify range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 3 33E 01 Sec lt resolution gt numeric 3 33E 05 3 33E 06 3 33E 07 Sec Comments The period function uses one range for all inputs between 0 33 seconds and 3 3 uSec A period measurement will return 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN
189. mand inserts a delay between the trigger and each measurement This includes a delay between the trigger and the first measurement and again before each subsequent measurement when sample count is greater than one The lt seconds gt time parameter sets the delay to a value between 0 and 3600 seconds with 1 us resolution Substituting MIN for the lt seconds gt time parameter sets the trigger delay to 0 Substituting MAX for the lt seconds gt time parameter sets the trigger delay to 3600 seconds In the following example the multimeter will accept 5 triggers from the external trigger BNC connector Four measurements are taken per trigger sample count is set to 4 and the trigger delay is 2 seconds dimension array Dimension computer array CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltag e TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG COUN 5 Multimeter will accept 5 external triggers one measurement is taken per trigger SAMP COUN 4 Take 4 measurements for each trigger TRIG DEL 2 Wait 2 seconds between trigger and start of first measurement and each subsequent measurement till sample count reached READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurements when external triggers are received send readings to output buffer timeout may occur May require INIT monitor the status byte for completion standard event bit 0 FETC to transfer readings to the output buffer vs READ enter statement E
190. measurement errors 36 range 87 119 120 range vs resolution 71 range resolution 87 102 resolution 121 specifications 174 176 true RMS measurements 32 35 de aperture time 122 integration time 122 123 measurement errors 32 range 124 125 range resolution 88 103 resolution 126 resolution vs integration time 70 specifications 171 173 leakage errors 26 maximum 15 measurement connections 22 D Data Points 97 DATA Subsystem 97 DATA POINts 97 dB Measurements 42 43 dBm Measurements 43 DC Current aperture time 122 integration time 122 123 measurement errors 32 measurement range 124 125 measurement range resolution 88 103 measurement resolution 126 resolution vs integration time 70 specifications 171 173 DC Voltage aperture time 147 blocking circuitry 36 common mode rejection CMR 27 ground loops noise 28 high speed measurements 31 input impedance 100 input resistance 37 integration time 147 leakage current errors 26 loading errors 26 magnetic loops noise 28 measurements 25 28 common mode rejection CMR 27 ground loops noise 28 high speed 31 leakage current errors 26 loading errors de volts 26 magnetic loops noise 28 range 149 150 range resolution 94 109 ratio range resolution 95 110 rejecting power line noise voltages 27 resolution 151 thermal EMF errors 25 rejecting power line noise voltages 27 resolution vs integration time 70 specifications 171 173
191. memory This memory will hold a maximum of 512 readings You use the FETC command to transfer the readings from memory to the output buffer You then must provide the VO construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer One INIT command will initiate multiple measurements if the trigger count or the sample count is greater than 1 If more than 512 measurements are made only the last 512 readings are stored Use the READ command for more than 512 readings since readings are immediately put into the output buffer and retrieved with an I O construct you supply The measurement process stops when the output buffer fills if readings are not retrieved fast enough The measurement process restarts when there is again room to store readings Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 53 in the output buffer Measurement Format Readings in the output buffer have the following characteristics Readings sent to the output buffer can consist of two different lengths bytes or characters in Real ASCII format 1 23456E 12 LF or 1 234567E 12 LF Each measurement is terminated with a Line Feed LF The GPIB End or Identify EOI signal is sent with the last byte transferred If multiple measurements are returned the measurements are separated by commas and EOI is sent only with the last byte For example 1 23456E 12 LF 1 234567E 12 LF 1 23456E 12 LF EOI The multimeter s internal memory stores 512 readings maximum
192. ment errors 36 voltage range 129 130 Front Panel Indicators 18 Function Changes increasing measurement speed 193 198 Function Commands special 193 198 Function Reference VXIplug amp play See online help Functional Connections 2 wire ohms measurement 21 30 4 wire ohms measurement 21 29 analog bus 19 current measurement 22 frequency measurement 19 measurement 19 22 period measurement 19 voltage measurement 20 voltage ratio Vdc measurement 20 G Gate Time 128 General Information 15 General Specifications 179 Ground Loops Noise 28 Group Execute Trigger 46 48 160 H High Speed ac current measurements 36 ac voltage measurements 36 resistance measurements 31 HP VEE Programming Example 64 HP IB end or identify EOD signal 98 group execute trigger 46 48 160 Idle State trigger system 45 IDN 164 IEEE 488 2 Common Commands CLS 163 ESE 163 ESE 163 ESR 164 IDN 164 OPC 164 OPC 165 RST 165 SRE 165 SRE 165 STB 166 TST 166 WAI 166 command reference 162 167 IMMediate Trigger Source 46 47 160 Impedance Input 100 Implied Commands 68 Increasing Measurement Speed 193 198 Indicators front panel 18 Induced Voltages 28 Initial Operation 22 INITiate Subsystem 99 INITiate IMMediate 99 Input bias current 26 dc input resistance 37 impedance 100 terminals 18 INPut Subsystem 100 INPut IMPedance AUTO 100 INPut IMPe
193. ment times Autorange is turned OFF when a numeric value or MINIMAX is specified for the lt range gt parameter of the CONFigure MEASure SENSe RESistance RANGe SENSe VOLTage RANGe or SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe command Autorange is directly controlled by the SENSe VOLTage RANGe AUTO ON OFF SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO ON OFF or SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO ON OFF command You can query the E1412A autorange status for a particular function by the following commands SENSe CURRent DC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent AC RANGe AUTO SENSe FREQuency VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe FRESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO The aperture time or NPLCs number of power line cycles is the amount of time that the input signal is integrated The smaller the aperture time or NPLCs the faster the readings are taken A disadvantage to faster aperture times or smaller NPLC settings is increased noise will be present in the measured values The most common source of noise is from AC power sources The magnitude of noise from AC power sources in most cases is many millivolts If the signal being measured is large enough then the noise may not be significant However noise becomes a factor if the signal being measured is in the microvolt range The aperture time or NPLC is set as a result of speci
194. mple TRIG COUN 3 Too much data A character string was received but could not be executed because the string length was more than 12 characters This error can be generated by the CALibration STRing and DISPlay TEXT commands Illegal parameter value A discrete parameter was received which was not a valid choice for the command You may have used an invalid parameter choice Examples CALC FUNC SCALE SCALE is not a valid choice or SAMP COUN ON ON is not a valid choice Data stale A FETCh command was received but internal reading memory was empty The reading retrieved may be invalid or settings have changed since the data was taken Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages 187 330 350 410 420 430 440 501 502 511 521 522 531 Self test failed The multimeter s complete self test failed from the remote interface TST command In addition to this error more specific self test errors are also reported See also Self Test Errors following this section Too many errors The error queue is full because more than 20 errors have occurred No additional errors are stored until you remove errors from the queue The error queue is cleared when power has been off or after a CLS clear status command has been executed Query INTERRUPTED A command was received which sends data to the output buffer but the output buffer contained data from a previous command the previous data is not ov
195. mum aperture time available 1 67s 60Hz 2 s 50Hz if MAX is specified Example Query the Aperture Time VOLT APER 167E 03 Aperture time is 167ms VOLT APER Query multimeter to return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 147 VOLTage DC NPLC SENSe VOLTage DC NPLC lt number gt sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs The NPLC is set to a value from the range of values that can accommodate the lt number gt specified 11 sets NPLC to 100 Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments MIN selects 0 02 PLCs MAX selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in PLCs also sets the aperture time and the resolution For example 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167 ms 60Hz line frequency or 200ms 50Hz The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The VOLT DC NPLC command overrides the results of previously executed VOLTage DC RESolution commands the last command executed has priority The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50Hz or 60Hz power line related noise e RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the Integration Time in PLCs VOLT DC NP
196. n semicolon or blank space or you may have used a blank space instead of a comma Example TRIG COUN 1 or CONF FREQ 1000 0 1 Data type error The wrong parameter type was found in the command string You may have specified a number where a string was expected or vice versa Example TRIG COUN 150 or TRIG COUN A GET not allowed A Group Execute Trigger GET is not allowed within a command string Parameter not allowed More parameters were received than expected for the command You may have entered an extra parameter or you added a parameter to a command that does not accept a parameter Example READ 10 Missing parameter Fewer parameters were received than expected for the command You omitted one or more parameters that are required for this command Example SAMP COUN Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages 185 112 113 121 123 124 128 131 138 148 151 158 Program mnemonic too long A command header was received which contained more than the maximum 12 characters allowed Example CONFIGURATION VOLT DC A lt code gt string contains more than the maximum 12 characters allowed in the CALibration SECure CODE command Undefined header A command was received that is not valid for this multimeter You may have misspelled the command or it may not be a valid command If you are using the short form of the command remember that it may contain up to four letters Example TRIGG CO
197. n the value stated in the CAL VAL command and the multimeter expects that value at the input terminals The command returns 0 to indicate there are no calibration errors and the calibration was performed A 1 is returned if a calibration error occurs and a calibration is unable to be performed The error message is reported to the output buffer You must set CALibration SECure STATe OFF lt code gt to allow a calibration to be performed This requires that you know the calibration secure code The secure state enabled prevents unauthorized calibration of the multimeter Example Calibrate the Active Function and Range Using the CAL VALue CAL Perform the calibration monitor the status byte to detect calibration operation complete enter statement Enter cal response into computer to verify the calibration was successful 84 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CONFigure Subsystem Syntax Chapter 3 The CONFigure command subsystem configures the multimeter to perform the specified measurement with the given range and resolution CONFigure does not make the measurement after setting the configuration Executing CONFigure is equivalent to setting the multimeter configuration as follows Command Setting RANGe As specified or AUTO RESolution As specified or as a function of range integration time or NPLCs AC filter 20 Hz 300 kHz medium filter SENSe DET BAND Autozero OF
198. n the previous section the crest factor 1s E t For a pulse train the crest factor is approximately equal to the square root of the inverse of the duty cycle In general the greater the crest factor the greater the energy contained in higher frequency harmonics All multimeters exhibit measurement errors that are crest factor dependent E1412A crest factor errors are shown in the AC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications listed in Appendix A with the exception that crest factor errors are not specified for non sine wave input signals below 100 Hz when using the slow ac filter 3 Hz filter You can estimate the measurement error for a non sinusoidal input signal shown below Total Error Error sine Error crest factor Error bandwidth Error sine error for sinewave as shown in Appendix A Specifications Error crest factor crest factor additional error as shown in Appendix A Error bandwidth estimated bandwidth error as shown below 2 C F xf ERROR x 100 bandwidth An x BW C F signal s crest factor f signal s fundamental frequency BW multimeter s 3dB bandwidth 1 MHz for the E1412A Example Calculate the approximate measurement error for a pulse train input with a crest factor of 3 and a fundamental frequency of 20kHz For this example assume the multimeter s 90 day accuracy specifications 0 05 0 03 Total Error 0 08 0 15 1 4 1 6 Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Mul
199. n volatile memory Example Query the Maximum Value Found During an AVERage Math Operation CALC AVER MAX Query the max value AVERage MINimum CALCulate AVERage MINimum reads the minimum value found from an AVERage function operation The min value is cleared when AVERage is enabled CALC FUNC AVER and CALC STAT ON commands when power is removed or after the multimeter is reset The minimum value is stored in volatile memory Example Query the Minimum Value Found During an AVERage Math Operation CALC AVER MIN Query the min value 74 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 DB REFerence CALCulate DB REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX stores a relative value in the dB Relative Register You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register You can set the relative value to any number between 200dBm the MIN and MAX values The dB reference is stored in volatile memory Example Set the DB Reference Value CALC STAT ON Turn on the math operation CALC DB REF 60 Sets DB reference to 60 dBm CALC FUNC DB Select the DB math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state DB REFerence CALCulate DB REFerence MIN MAX queries dB reference value Example Query the DB Reference Value Set for the DB Math Operation CALC DB REF Query the DB reference value DBM REFerence CALCulate DBM REFerence lt value gt MIN MAX s
200. nal The trigger signal must be a low true pulse with a pulse width greater than 1 ps The trigger signal level accepted is TTL 5 V maximum negative going to OV See the following diagram for the Trig input requirement The diagram also shows the VM Complete output you can use to synchronize with a switch module ly T DIGIT MULTIMETE Failed Trig Input 5 Requirement VM Complete 5 Jutput Signal 77 Approximatel 2 us The multimeter takes one reading or the number specified by SAMPle COUNt for each external trigger received on the front panel Trig BNC connector Internal Triggering The trigger signal is always present in the internal triggering mode This mode is selected with the TRIGger SOURce IMMediate command The multimeter takes one reading or the number specified by SAMPle COUNt immediately after a READ or INITiate command The multimeter takes only one reading immediately following a MEAS command See the triggering process diagram in Figure 2 1 on page 45 Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 47 Bus Triggeri Ng The multimeter is triggered from the VXIbus This mode is selected with the TRIGger SOURce BUS command Use the TRG command from the GPIB to trigger the multimeter when TRIG SOUR BUS is used The TRG command will not be accepted unless the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state Yo
201. nnccnocnnoccnononononancnnnconacananannos 52 Agilent VTL Software VISA 00 ccecceesscesssecesseceeeceseneeceseeesueceeaecseaaeneaeeneaeesaees 52 Example Programs nen ln ae ee eae 52 Making Multimeter Measurements 0000 esc eeceeeeeseeeseceeeeeeeeeeesaecaeceeeeseeeeesenaes 53 Synchronizing the Multimeter With a Switch Module 57 Multimeter Status System Examples cooconnccnnncnoconoccnonannncnnnccononnccnnn cnn nrnn con nccn renace 60 Agilent VEE Programming Example c ooconconncnnnccnocnnocononononcnononnncno nono nonnccn nac nannnos 64 Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference sccscssssssssssecssssssssssscssssssecsscessessessesescessessesees 67 Using This Chapter adria 67 Command Types AA 67 Common Command Format soss siari ee e nono non nn cnn nana nrnn nr nn nS 67 SCPI Command Form t enc 67 Linking Commands esere eeen e darcy A Ea Car Na tr Dae eaea ARS 69 Multimeter Range and Resolution Tables oonoonnccnncunicinoconocconnnacnnannnnno nono nnncnnncnnccnnno 70 SCPI Command Reference ista a e E aaeeei asi iee 71 ABORT ROT 72 Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference continued CAL Culate cuco eters ini Sates Ss oe a 73 AVERILE AVERI IEI acetil isis besser AE ieas 74 AVERage EQUNC inicia inde 74 AVERage MAXIMUS cae ea 74 AVER age MINIMUM arcilla aereas 74 DB REFETENCE cun tl aaa 75 SOB A Ea EEE TA TATE AE EAS TAAT 75 DBM REFerence isa e e n e Sel Ls RERS 75 w DBM REFerence serimi teto ene e r E dit 75
202. nnnannnonnnrnn E eSa 196 Avoid Aperture Changes suicidios liliana aitor toe sti 196 Minimize the Number of Command Response SESSIONS ains nitrato 196 Set Autozero to ONCE or OFF eee cescceseseceeeeesseceseceeeeseeeeeseaeseaecneeeneeeaes 197 Turn Autoranes ORE via al oia eas elon 197 Decrease Aperture Time or NPLCS cocooconoconocononcnonanonononcnnncnnncnnonan nono nonnccnnaconecns 197 Store the Readings in Multimeter RAM Instead of Sending them Directly to the Compute ceiien lala ise 198 INdeX E E E E E S 199 Contents 7 Notes 8 Contents Certification Agilent Technologies Inc certifies that this product met its published specifications at the time of shipment from the factory Agilent Technologies further certifies that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology formerly National Bureau of Standards to the extent allowed by that organization s calibration facility and to the calibration facilities of other International Standards Organization members AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES WARRANTY STATEMENT PRODUCT El412A DURATION OF WARRANTY 1 year 1 Agilent warrants Agilent hardware accessories and supplies against defects in materials and workmanship for the period specified above If Aglent receives notice of such defects during the warranty period Agilent will at its option either repair or replace products which prove to be defective Replacement products may
203. nstants due to dielectric absorption soak effects Errors will be measured when settling after the initial connection and after a range change When you are measuring large resistances significant errors can occur due to insulation resistance and surface cleanliness You should take the necessary precautions to maintain a clean high resistance system Test cables and fixtures are susceptible to leakage due to moisture absorption in insulating materials and dirty surface films Nylon and PVC are relatively poor insulators 107 ohms when compared to PTFE insulators 10 ohms Leakage from nylon or PVC insulators can easily contribute a 0 1 error when measuring a 1 MQ resistance in humid conditions The multimeter incorporates an automatic zero measurement procedure autozero to eliminate internal thermal EMF and bias current errors Each measurement actually consists of a measurement of the input terminals followed by a measurement of the internal offset voltage The internal offset voltage error is subtracted from the measurement for improved accuracy This compensates for offset voltage changes due to temperature For maximum reading speed turn autozero off This will more than double your reading speeds for dc voltage resistance and de current functions Autozero does not apply to other measurement functions Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 31 DC Current Measurement Errors When you connect the multimet
204. nt measurements Only these functions use the ac filter Table 2 4 AC Signal Filters AC Voltage or Current ACFilter Max Reading Rate tor Input Frequency Selected Adequate Settling 3 Hz to 300 kHz Slow filter 1 reading 7 seconds 20 Hz to 300 kHz Medium filter 1 reading second 200 Hz to 300 kHz Fast filter 10 readings second NOTE These reading rates account for only the AC filters behavior See Page 36 for the effect of DC blocking circuitry The ac filter selection is stored in volatile memory Default is the medium filter 20 Hz 300kHz at power on or after a module reset The CONFigure and MEASure lt function gt commands automatically select the medium 20 Hz filter Use the SENSe DETector BANDwidth 3 20 200 MIN MAX command to change the ac filter selection following a CONFigure command The MIN parameter will select the 3 Hz filter and the MAX parameter will select the 200 Hz filter DC Input The E1412 Multimeter s input resistance is normally fixed at 10MA for all H dc voltage ranges to minimize noise pickup You can set the input resistance Resistance to greater than 10GQ for the 100mVdc 1 Vdc and 10 Vdc ranges to reduce the effects of measurement loading errors You select increased input resistance using the INPut IMPedance AUTO ON command and this applies to the dc voltage function only Table 2 5 DC Voltage Input Resistance DC Input Resistan
205. nt range is 3A CURRent DC RANGe SENSe CURRent DC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present current range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 100mA range 100 mA is the range returned The minimum current range available 10mA if MIN is specified The maximum current range available 3 A if MAX is specified Example Query the DC Current Measurement Range CURR DC RANG 3 Select 3A range CURR DC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer 124 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent DC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent DC RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for DC current measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using CURRent DC RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure AC RANGe RESistance RANGe RST Condition CURR DC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable DC Current Autoranging CURR DC RANG AUT
206. nter readings into computer Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 49 Default Delays If you do not specify a trigger delay the multimeter automatically determines a delay time default delay based on the present measurement function range resolution integration time and AC filter bandwidth setting The delay time is actually the settling time required before measurements to ensure measurement accuracy The default delay time is automatically updated whenever you change the function or range Once you specify a delay time value however the value does not change until you specify another value reset the multimeter or do a CONF or MEAS command The table below shows the default trigger delay times for all functions This delay will occur before each measurement see the trigger system diagram in Figure 2 1 on page 45 NOTE You can specify a shorter delay time than the default values shown However the shorter settling time may not produce accurate measurements Table 2 7 Default Trigger Delays Default Trigger Delays for DC Voltage and DC Current all ranges Integration Time Trigger Delay NPLC gt 1 1 5ms NPLC lt 1 1 0ms Default Trigger Delays for 2 Wire and 4 Wire Resistance Range Trigger Delay Trigger Delay For NPLC gt 1 For NPLC lt 1 1000 1 5ms 1 0ms 1kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 10kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 100kQ 1 5ms 1 0ms 1MQ 1 5ms 10ms 10MQ 100ms 100ms 100MQ 100ms 100ms
207. oltage ranges This is useful to prevent a change in input impedance caused by changing ranges from affecting the measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 None mode Impedance AUTO OFF AUTO ON gt 10GQ 10MQ Range for all ranges 100mV 1V and 10V Impedance other ranges are at 10MQ Example Enable Automatic Input Impedance use gt 10GQ for 100mV 1 V and 10V ranges INP IMP AUTO ON Enable automatic input impedance Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters e RST Conditions INP IMP AUTO OFF IMPedance AUTO INPut IMPedance AUTO returns a number to show whether the automatic input impedance mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Input Impedance Mode INP IMP AUTO ON Enable automatic input impedance INP IMP AUTO Query multimeter to return input impedance mode 1 enter statement Enter value into computer 100 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 MEASure Subsystem Syntax Chapter 3 The MEASure command subsystem configures the multimeter to perform the specified measurement with the given range and resolution When the multimeter is triggered MEASure makes the measurement and sends the readings to the output buffer Executin
208. olution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging The VOLT AC RES command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure VOLT AC RES command Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage DC RESolution e RST Condition 1E 04 Example Change the Resolution CONF VOLT AC 6 25 MAX Function DC volts range selected 10V MAX resolution VOLT AC RANG 0 95 Range selected 1 0V MAX resolution 100 uV VOLT AC RES 10E 06 Set resolution to 10uV READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer VOLTage AC RESolution SENSe VOLTage AC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RESolution command are returned The resolution with the smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range if MIN is specified The resolution with the largest value i e the worst resolution for the selected range if MAX is specified Example Query the Resolution VOLT AC RANG 100E 03 Set range to 0 1 volts VOLT AC RES 1 0E 07 Set resolution to 0 1 uV VOLT AC RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer 146 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 VOLTage DC APERture SENSe VOLTage DC APERture lt number gt sets the in
209. on e RST Condition VOLT DC RANG 300V Example Change the Range CONF VOLT DC 0 85 MAX Function DC volts range selected 1V MAX resolution VOLT DC RANG 9 Range selected 10V MAX resolution READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer VOLTage DC RANGe SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present voltage range selected if MIN or MAX are not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 1 V range 1 0V is the range returned The minimum voltage range available with the VOLTage DC RANGe command 100mV if MIN is specified The maximum voltage range available with the VOLTage DC RANGe command 300V if MAX is specified Example Query the Measurement Range VOLT DC RANG 1 0 Select 1V range VOLT DC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 149 VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for DC voltage measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0
210. ono nonnncnnncnononnccn nana nennnos 28 Resistance Measurements iia AEE Nra Eae Epa rE ieii 29 4 Wire Ohms Measurements essesseeeeeseeseerrsrestesesrssesstsstssesrtstessestesresresessrent 29 Removing Field Wiring Resistance Errors in 2 Wire Ohms Measurements 30 Power Dissipation Effects vico ciencias dan iisi araoe aenea e Ees 31 Settling Time Effects icici cts iaa 31 Errors in High Resistance Measurements cococococcnoccnoncnonononcnnncnnncnanonaconnonnncnnncnnnos 31 Making High Speed DC and Resistance Measurements oococoncccncncnononncnnccnnnnnnos 31 DC Current Measurement ETOS po neresini ioiii iti E AEE AE 32 True RMS AC M as rementS mesiismo rierien eenia eenia aatasi 32 Crest Factor Errors non sinusoidal inputs oooccccncccnoncccnnnnonannnnnnononccnoncccnncninnoss 33 Loading Errors fa Volts oeererereen ienes E E ES 34 AC Measurements Below Full Scale o oooonccnnnconinccinncccnonaconnnononacnnonnnnccnnc conan 34 Function and Range Change Internal Offset Correction oooconconccinnnnincnncnnnnnnnnos 34 Low Level Measurement Errors coooococcnnccnocnnonononononononanancnn nono ncnnncnnncnnnrnaccnnccnnccnnes 35 AC TUMOVET EITOLS tt iii 35 AC Current Measurement Errors isses sesei einser pae iae dol s 36 Making High Speed AC Voltage or Current Measurements ocoooconccconnnoonononcnnnconccnnos 36 Contents 1 2 Contents Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information continued Frequency and Period
211. ontrol Measure the Unknown Resistance Subsequent measurements will automatically subtract the cable resistance null offset from the measured value Not ourc connect current Flo to 4 Twisted shielded pair Figure 1 7 2 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections DIO MULTIVETER Failed _ Acces Figure 1 8 4 Wire Ohms Measurement Connections Chapter 1 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 21 Current Fuse Check for blown current fuse if you are unable to make current measurements Replace fuse with P N 2110 0957 3 15A 250V Cooper Industries Inc P N GDA 3 15 onnect shield r to ISSIS ground s Banana Plug hi E 7 Ia i a A TU j Twisted shielded pair Figure 1 9 Current Measurement Connections Initial Operation Note Programming the Multimeter 22 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup To program the Multimeter using SCPI you must select the interface address and SCPI commands to be used General information about using SCPI commands is presented at the beginning of Chapter 3 See the 75000 Series C Installation and Getting Started Guide for interface addressing This discussion applies only to SCPI Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments programming The program is written using VISA Virtual Instrument Software Architecture function
212. ore specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters If necessary to achieve the specified resolution the multimeter will increase the integration time as needed This command overrides the results of previously executed RESistance NPLC or RESistance APERture command the last command executed has priority The RES RESolution command overrides the resolution setting from a previous CONFigure RESistance command Related Commands CONFigure RESistance NPLC e RST Condition Based on the RST values for the RESistance NPLC command Example Change the Resolution CONF RES 1560 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected 10kQ MAX resolution 1Q RES RES 10E 03 Set resolution to 10mQ READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer RESistance RESolution SENSe RESistance RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX are not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RANGe command are returned The resolution with the smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range
213. ot change the line frequency setting Example Set the Line Frequency to 50 Hz Chapter 3 CAL LFR 50 Change the line frequency Multimeter Command Reference 79 LFRequency CALibration LFRequency queries the line frequency setting Comments This command returns 50 for line frequency set to 400 because 400 is an even multiple of 50 Example Query the Line Frequency Setting CAL LFR Query the line frequency SECure CODE CALibration SECure CODE lt new code gt enters a new calibration security code To change the security code first unsecure the multimeter using the old security code with CAL SEC STAT OFF lt old code gt Then enter the new code The calibration security code may contain up to 12 characters The security code is stored in non volatile memory Comments The security code is set to HP_E1412 for C size when the multimeter is shipped from the factory The security code is stored in non volatile memory and does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset The security code lt new code gt can contain up to 12 alphanumeric characters The first character must be a letter The remaining characters can be letters or numbers or an underscore You do not have to use all 12 characters but the first character must be a letter If you forget or lose the active security code you can disable the security feature by adding a jumper inside the multimeter see Chapter 5 in the Service
214. pe Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using RESistance RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure RESistance RANGe e RST Condition RES RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging RES RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange RESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode RES RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange RES RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 142 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 RESistance RESolution SENSe RESistance RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for 2 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX ohms Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using RESistance RANGe bef
215. provided here synchronizes a measurement scan with a switch module This is the same example previously discussed in this chapter with programs provided in the C and Visual Basic programming languages You must configure your E1412A Multimeter and the switch module before you can communicate with them 1 Select 1 O gt Instrument from the menu bar The Instrument Select or Configure dialog box pops up 2 Select the Direct I O button from the Instrument Type choices Then select Add Instrument from the Instrument Configure choices This selection pops up the Device Configuration dialog box 3 Fill in the Device Configuration Name Interface Address and Timeout Set Byte Ordering to MSB and Live Mode to ON Then select Direct I O Config The Direct I O Configuration dialog box pops up 4 Verify Conformance is set to IEEE 488 use default settings for all others 5 Select OK to close both the Direct I O and Device Configuration boxes 6 Select the name you put in the name field of the device configuration dialog box now appearing in the instrument list and press the Get Instr button Instrument Select or Configure Unsupported 70914 Device Configuration commander NOT LIVE erre dym hp3478a NOT LIVE instrument Panel EN fuen hp3325b NOT LIVE lt EDGES HPE1412 hpe1300a hpe1300a 70900 lt Component Driver Interface HF IB hpe1326 70903 f hpe1332 hpe1332a 7
216. r This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS CURR AC DEF MIN or MEAS CURR AC DEF MAX or use AUTO in place of DEF Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making AC Current Measurements MEAS CURR AC 1 MAX Function AC Current range selected 1A MAX resolution 1 0E 04 A 102 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent DC MEASure CURRent DC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the DC current function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 10mA 100mA 1 A 3 A A MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution A MIN MAX DEF Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The DEFault option for the range parameter will also enable autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 10mA MAX 3
217. r a ppm part per million of input error as shown below Total Measurement Error j 1 EG PU ETRO Input Signal Level go E T E Total Measurement Error 1 000 000 Input Signal Level Error Example Assume that a 5 Vdc signal is input to the multimeter on the 10 Vdc range Compute the total measurement error using the 90 day accuracy specifications 0 0020 of reading 0 0005 of range Reading error 0 0020 x 5Vdc 100pV Range error 0 0005 x 10Vdc 50nV Total error 100uV 50uV 150uV 0 0030 of 5Vdc 30 ppm of 5Vdc Appendix A E1412A Multimeter Specifications 181 Interpreting Multimeter Specifications This section is provided to give you a better understanding of the terminology used and will help you interpret the multimeter s specifications Number of Digits and Overrange The number of digits specification is the most fundamental and sometimes the most confusing characteristic of a multimeter The number of digits is equal to the maximum number of 9 s the multimeter can measure or display This indicates the number of full digits Most multimeters have the ability to overrange and add a partial or Y2 digit For example the E1412A can measure 9 99999 Vdc on the 10V range This represents six full digits of resolution The multimeter can also overrange on the 10 V range and measure up to a maximum of 12 00000 Vdc This corresponds to a 6Y digit measurement with 20 overrange capabili
218. r range or do not specify a value for the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify MEAS VOLT DC RAT DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS VOLT DC RAT DEF MIN or MEAS VOLT DC RAT DEF MAX Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making DC Voltage Ratio Measurements MEAS VOLT DC RAT 0 825 MAX Function DC voltage range selected 1V MAX resolution 100uV 110 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 OUTPut The OUTPut command subsystem enables you to route the multimeter s voltmeter complete signal to the VXIbus TTL trigger lines Subsystem Syntax OUTPut TTLTrg lt n gt STATe lt mode gt TTLTrg lt n gt STATe TTLTrg STATe OUTPut TTLTrg lt n gt STATe lt mode gt enables or disables routing of the voltmeter complete signal to the specified VXIbus trigger line TTLTrg0 through TTLTrg7 on the backplane P2 connector Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt n gt discrete 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 none lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters
219. ranging is turned OFF In order to specify an aperture time of 10 us you must select a fixed range e g VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Related Commands CONFigure VOLTage RANGe e RST Condition VOLT AC RANG AUTO ON Example Disable AC Voltage Autoranging VOLT AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO SENSe VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the AC voltage autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The value is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode VOLT AC RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange VOLT AC RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 145 VOLTage AC RESolution SENSe VOLTage AC RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for AC voltage measurements See Table 3 4 on page 71 to avoid a settings conflict error when specifying resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX volts Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using VOLTage AC RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the res
220. re curious about the graphical programming language call your local Agilent sales office for more information You can get a free VEE Evaluation Kit containing detailed technical information and a demo disk that walks you through many of VEE s features and functions The following brochures provide additional information about VEE e VEE Visual Engineering Environment e VEE The Most Productive Language for Test and Measurement e VEE Visual Engineering Environment Technical Data 66 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference Using This Chapter This chapter describes the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI and IEEE 488 2 Common Commands applicable to the E1412A 6 Digit Multimeter Command Types Commands are separated into two types IEEE 488 2 Common Commands and SCPI Commands Common The IEEE 488 2 standard defines the Common commands that perform functions like Command reset self test status byte query etc Common commands are four or five characters in length always begin with the asterisk character and may include one or more Format parameters The command keyword is separated from the first parameter by a space character Some examples of common commands are shown below RST ESR 32 STB SCPI The SCPI commands perform functions such as making measurements querying Command instrument states or retrieving data The SCPI commands ar
221. ree 2 Altitude 3000m Indoor use statement Storage Environment 40 C to 70 C State Storage Memory Power off state automatically saved Warm up Time 1 hour Programming Language SCPI 1993 IEEE 488 2 Appendix A E1412A Multimeter Specifications 179 To Calculate Total Measurement Error Each specification includes correction factors which account for errors present due to operational limitations of the multimeter This section explains these errors and shows how to apply them to your measurements Refer to the section titled Interpreting Multimeter Specifications beginning on page 182 to get a better understanding of the terminology used and to help you interpret the multimeter s specifications The multimeter s accuracy specifications are expressed in the form of reading of range In addition to the reading error and range error you may need to add additional errors for certain operating conditions Check the list below to make sure you include all measurement errors for a given function Also make sure you apply the conditions as described in the footnotes on the specification pages If you are operating the multimeter outside the 23 C 5 C temperature range specified apply an additional temperature coefficient error For de voltage de current and resistance measurements you may need to apply an additional reading speed error or autozero OFF error For ac voltage and ac current measurements you may need to
222. return aperture time enter statement Enter value into computer 122 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CURRent DC NPLC SENSe CURRent DC NPLCycles lt number gt sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs Values are rounded up to the nearest number of PLCs shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 02 0 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX PLCs Comments MINimum selects 0 02 PLCs MAXimum selects 100 PLCs Setting the integration time in power line cycles PLCs also sets the aperture time and the resolution For example 10 PLCs sets an aperture time of 167ms 60 Hz line frequency or 200ms 50Hz The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The CURR DC NPLC command overrides the results of previously executed CURRent APERture or CURRent RESolution command The greater the number of PLCs the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Only the 1 PLC 10 PLC and 100 PLC settings provide normal mode rejection of 50 Hz or 60 Hz power line related noise Fractional PLC settings of 0 02 and 0 2 do not provide normal mode rejection of power line noise e RST Condition 10 PLC Example Set the DC Current Integration Time in PLCs CURR DC NPLC 100 Integration time is 100 PLCs CURRent DC NPLC SENSe CURRent DC NPLCycles MIN MAX returns one
223. roximately 200 pF for the E1412A the source will experience different loading depending on how the input is applied The magnitude of the error is dependent upon the source s response to this loading The multimeter s measurement circuitry while extensively shielded responds differently in the backward input case due to slight differences in stray capacitance to earth Because of this the 100Vac and 300Vac ranges may latch up for high voltage high frequency backward inputs Therefore only drive the high terminal when measuring ac voltages You can use the grounding techniques described for dc common mode problems to minimize ac common mode voltages see Common Mode Rejection CMR on page 27 Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 35 AC Current Measurement Errors Burden voltage errors which apply to de current also apply to ac current measurements However the burden voltage for ac current is larger due to the multimeter s series inductance and your measurement connections The burden voltage increases as the input frequency increases Some circuits may oscillate when performing current measurements due to the multimeter s series inductance and your measurement connections Making High Speed AC Voltage or Current Measurements The multimeter s ac voltage and ac current functions implement three different low frequency filters These filters allow you to trade low frequency accuracy for faster reading speed T
224. rs can be generated and how the multimeter deals with them If you leave the multimeter in the same range for an extended period of time and the ambient temperature changes significantly or if the multimeter is not fully warmed up the internal offsets may change This temperature coefficient is typically 0 002 of range per C and is automatically removed when you change functions or ranges When you specify a new range in an overload condition the internal offset measurement may be degraded for the selected range Typically an additional 0 01 of range error may be introduced This additional error is automatically removed when you remove the overload condition and change function or range the error remains if the function or range is not changed 34 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Low Level when measuring ac voltages less than 100mV be aware that these measurements are especially susceptible to errors introduced by extraneous Measurement noise sources Exposed unshielded cabling will act as an antenna and a Errors properly functioning multimeter will measure the signals received The entire measurement path including the power line acts as a loop antenna Circulating currents in the loop will create error voltages across any impedances in series with the multimeter s input For this reason you should apply low level ac voltages to the multimeter through shielded cables You should connect the shield to
225. s Appendix B 602 603 604 605 606 607 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 Cannot achieve requested resolution The multimeter cannot achieve the requested measurement resolution You may have specified an invalid resolution in the CONFigure or MEASure command Cannot use overload as math reference The multimeter cannot store an overload reading 9 90000000E 37 as the math reference for null or dB measurements The math state is turned off as a result of this condition The following errors indicate failures that may occur during a self test The error message provides a description of the failure Refer to the E 412A Service Manual for more information RAM read write failed A D sync stuck A D slope convergence failed Cannot calibrate rundown gain Rundown gain out of range Rundown too noisy DC gain x1 failed DC gain x10 failed DC gain x100 failed Ohms 500nA source failed Ohms 5A source failed DC 300V zero failed Ohms 10uA source failed DC current sense failed Ohms 100pA source failed DC high voltage attenuator failed Ohms 1mA source failed AC rms zero failed Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages 189 621 622 623 625 626 Calibration Errors 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 AC rms full scale failed Frequency counter failed Cannot calibrate precharge VO processor does not respond VO processor failed self test T
226. s Example STB Comments TST Comments WAI Comments Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No RST Condition unaffected Power On Condition no bits are enabled Enable Service Request on Message Available Bit SRE 16 Enable request on MAV STB returns the value of the Status Byte Register The RQS bit bit 6 in the status byte having decimal weight 64 is set if a service request is pending Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands SRE RST Condition none TST causes the E1412A to execute its internal self test and returns a value indicating the results of the test A zero response indicates that the self test passed Any non zero response indicates that the test failed Use the SYST ERR command to read the error and description from the error queue Note the error number and description returned in the error message See Appendix B Error Messages for information on interpreting the error number and description response s The settings for all SCPI commands are unchanged by this command Executable when Initiated No Coupled Command No RST Condition none WAI causes the E1412A to wait for all pending operations to complete before executing any further commands Executable when Initiated Yes Coupled Command No Related Commands OPC OPC RST Condition none 166 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3
227. s byte An input less the 2 V or greater than 8 V will report a test failure and halt the program Set up the Multimeter RST Reset the multimeter CLS Clear the multimeter s status registers CONF VOLT 10 Configure for dc volts 10V range CALC STAT ON Enable the math function CALC LIM LOW 2 Set lower limit to 2 CALC LIM UPP 8 Set upper limit to 8 CALC FUNC LIM Select a math function set to LIMit STAT QUES ENAB 6144 Unmask the limit error bits Loop READ Trigger measurement and place response into the output buffer Enter response into the computer SPOLL read the multimeter s status byte until bit 3 QUE goes high to indicate there is a Limit Test Failure HI or LO Wait 1 second End Loop Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 63 VEE Programming Example Device Configuration 64 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information VEE is Agilent s Visual Engineering Environment a graphical programming language for creating test systems and solving engineering problems This section provides an instrument control example using the Direct I O feature of VEE Direct I O allows you to directly specify messages to be sent to an instrument and to directly read the information sent back by an instrument Direct I O also offers the most efficient I O performance in VEE The example
228. sistance 1 5 5 60 50 8 0 001 of range 9 0 2 5 5 300 0 001 of range 9 0 02 45 1000 0 01 of range 9 System Speeds 10 Function Change 30 sec Range Change 65 sec Autorange Time lt 30 ms Max Internal Trigger Rate 1000 sec Max External Trigger Rate to Memory 1000 sec Additional Error with Autozero OFF Following instrument warm up at calibration temperature 1 C and lt 10 minutes 100mV 100V ranges add 0 0002 range additional error 5uV 300V range add 0 0006 range Settling Considerations Reading settling times are affected by source impedance cable dielectric characteristics and input signal changes Measurement Considerations Agilent recommends the use of PTFE or other high impedance low dielectric absorption wire insulation for these measurements For 1kQ unbalance in LO lead For power line frequency 0 1 7 For power line frequency 1 subtract 20dB for 3 subtract 30dB Readings speeds for 60 Hz and 50 Hz operation Autozero OFF For 300V and 3A ranges use 0 003 range for 5 5 digits and 0 030 range for 4 5 digits For all ranges add 20 uV for DC volts 4uA for DC current or 20mQ for resistance 10 Speeds are for 0 02 PLC integration time Delay O and Autozero OFF Includes measurement and data transfer over the VXI backplane Appendix A E1412A Multimeter Specifications 173 AC Characteristics Accuracy Specifications of reading of range 1
229. stance 133 ac current 119 ac voltage measurements 144 de current 124 dc voltage measurements 149 208 Index frequency measurements 129 period measurements 137 Ranging 40 READ Command 113 198 Readings average 74 error 180 error queue 155 per trigger 51 114 115 stored in memory 97 98 198 transfer to output buffer 98 113 Reciprocal Counting Technique 36 Registers questionable data register 60 bits QUE 63 standard event register 60 status byte register 60 Rejecting Power Line Noise Voltages 27 Removing Field Wiring Resistance Errors 30 Resistance dc input 37 measurements 29 31 2 wire ohms 30 139 141 143 4 wire ohms 29 90 131 133 135 high resistance measurement errors 31 high speed measurements 31 power dissipation effects 31 settling time effects 31 Resolution 182 2 wire ohms 92 107 143 2 wire resistance 143 4 wire ohms 90 105 135 4 wire resistance 135 ac current 87 102 121 ac current range vs 71 ac voltage 93 108 146 ac voltage range vs 71 and range tables 70 71 de current 88 103 126 de current vs integration time 70 dc ratio voltage 95 110 dc voltage 94 109 151 dc voltage vs integration time 70 frequency function 89 104 NPLC 15 38 number of digits 38 period function 91 106 power line cycles 15 38 querying 2 wire resistance 143 4 wire resistance 135 ac current 121 ac voltage measurements 146 de current 126 de voltage measurements
230. status register sets the OPR bit in the status byte 2k 2k K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K os K K K K K K K K of K K of K K ok K Retrieve the readings from the multimeter FETC Transfer measurements from the multimeter internal memory to the output buffer and retrieve them with the computer Retrieve the AVERage math operation response from the multimeter CALC AVER AVER Retrieve the average measurement value CALC AVER MAX Retrieve the maximum measurement value CALC AVER MIN Retrieve the minimum measurement value Check the multimeter for system errors SYST ERR Retrieve the system error response from the multimeter Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 59 Multimeter Status System Examples oltage Overload urrent Overload Ohms Overload Limit Test Fail LO Limit Test Fail HI Questionable Data Register NOTE gu retonable CONRitigg UE Questionable Data STATus QUEStionable EVENt MAV Message Available ESB Standard Event STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt unmask gt ROS se Geek Ser 3 TATus QUEStionable ENABLE Cater a Recliner EV Event Register EN Enable Register RQ Interfa JUS ervic Request There are two program examples that demonstrate how the E1412A Multimeter status system works In both programs the status byte is repeatedly read to identify when actions by the Multimeter set the appropriate bit in the status byte The computer can identify w
231. surements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 1A 3A MIN MAX amps Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected current The multimeter then selects the correct range MIN selects the minimum range available with the CURRent AC RANGe command 1A MAX selects the maximum range available 3A You must select a range using CURRent AC RANGe before specifying resolution Specifying a fixed range disables the autorange mode set by the CURR AC RANG AUTO command The CURR AC RANG command overrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function RST Condition CURR AC RANG 1 CURRent AC RANGe SENSe CURRent AC RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present current range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure sets the 3A range 3A is the range returned The minimum current range available 1 A if MIN is specified The maximum current range available 3 A if MAX is specified Example Query the AC Current Measurement Range CURR AC RANG 3 Select 3A range CURR AC RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 119 CURRent AC RANGe AUTO SENSe CURRent A
232. t Enter response into computer Chapter 3 Multimeter Command Reference 137 PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for the signal level of period measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt mode gt boolean OFF O ON 1 none Comments You can substitute decimal values for the OFF 0 and ON 1 parameters When autoranging is ON the multimeter samples the input before each measurement and selects the appropriate range If you explicitly select a range using PERiod VOLT RANGe autoranging is turned OFF Related Commands CONFigure FREQuency VOLT RANGe e RST Condition PER VOLT RANG AUTO ON Example Disable Autoranging PER VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO SENSe PERiod VOLTage RANGe AUTO returns a number to show whether the autorange mode is enabled or disabled 1 ON 0 OFF The number is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Autorange Mode PER VOLT RANG AUTO OFF Disable autorange PER VOLT RANG AUTO Query multimeter to return autorange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 138 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 RESistance APERture SENSe RESistance APERture lt number gt sets the integration time in seconds for 2 wire resistance measurements Values are rounded up to the
233. t for trigger state make measurements when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 160 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 SOURce TRIGger SOURce returns BUS EXT IMM or TTLTrg0 7 to show the present trigger source The quoted string is sent to the output buffer Example Query the Trigger Source TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG SOUR Query multimeter to return trigger source setting enter statement Enter quoted string into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 161 IEEE 488 2 Common Command Quick Reference The table below lists by functional group the IEEE 488 2 Common Commands that can be executed by the E1412A C size 6 Digit Multimeter However commands are listed alphabetically in the following reference Examples are shown in the reference when the command has parameters or returns a non trivial response otherwise the command string is as shown in the table For additional information refer to IEEE Standard 488 2 1987 Category Command Title Description System Data IDN Identification Returns the identification string of the B or C size multimeter which includes the latest inguard and outguard firmware versions AGILENT E1412A 0 A 0x 0x A 0x 0x Internal RST Reset Resets the multimeter to Operations FUNC VOLT DC VOL
234. tegration time in seconds for dc voltage measurements Values are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt number gt numeric 0 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms seconds 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX Comments MIN sets the aperture time to 0 333 ms MAX sets the aperture time to 1 66667 seconds 60Hz or 2 seconds 50Hz Setting the aperture time also sets the integration time in power line cycles PLCs and the resolution For example an aperture time of 16 7 ms 60Hz line frequency sets an integration time of 1 PLC The corresponding resolution depends on the function and range you select The VOLT APER command overrides the results of previously executed VOLT NPLC and VOLT RES commands The last command executed has priority The greater the aperture time the greater the normal mode rejection and the lower the reading rate Related Commands CALibration LFRrequency RST Condition VOLT APER 0 166667 seconds 60Hz or VOLT APER 0 20000 50Hz Example Set an Aperture Time of 16 7 ms VOLT APER 16 7E 03 Aperture time is 16 7ms VOLTage DC APERture SENSe VOLTage DC APERture MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present aperture time in seconds if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum aperture time available 333 ms if MIN is specified The maxi
235. ters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify AUTO or DEF for the range parameter as in MEAS RES DEF you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting and the resulting command becomes MEAS RES DEF MIN or MEAS RES DEF MAX Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 2 Wire Ohms Measurements MEAS RES 1320 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected 10kQ MAX resolution 1 0Q Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 107 VOLTage AC Parameters Comments MEASure VOLTage AC lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the AC coupled RMS voltage function and allows you to specify the range and resolution see range versus resolution table at start of chapter Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 0 1V 1V 10V 100V 300V volts MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF volts To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected voltage The multimeter then selects the correct range to accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter
236. the number of readings stored in internal memory to determine the amount of data space to allocate on your computer to receive the data Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 97 FETCh The FETCh command retrieves measurements stored in the module s internal memory by the most recent INITiate command and places them in the output buffer This command is most commonly used with CONFigure Subsystem Syntax FETCh Comments Execute INITiate before sending the FETCh command to place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state If the multimeter has not taken any data i e if INITiate has not been executed or if settings have been altered since the last FETCh i e changing function or range the Data corrupt or stale error will be generated Note Ifyou do not alter settings you could FETCh the same data over and over again without error Readings sent to the output buffer can consist of two different lengths bytes or characters in Real ASCII format 1 23456E 12 LF or 1 234567E 12 LF Each measurement is terminated with a Line Feed LF The GPIB End or Identify EOI signal is sent with the last byte transferred If multiple measurements are returned the measurements are separated by commas and EOL is sent only with the last byte For example 1 23456E 12 LF 1 234567E 12 LF 1 23456E 12 LF EOI The Multimeter s internal memory stores 512 readings maximum Related Commands CONFigure
237. the range and resolution parameters In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify a MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEFault parameter CONF FRES DEF MIN or CONF FRES DEF MAX or CONF FRES AUTO MIN or CONF FRES AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Related Commands FETCh INITiate READ Example Making 4 Wire Ohms Measurements CONF FRES 1500 MAX Function 4 wire ohms range selected 10kQ MAX resolution 1Q SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings trigger source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 90 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 PERiod CONFigure PERiod lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the period function and allows you to specify range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 3 33E 01 Sec lt resolution gt numeric 3 33E 05 3 33E 06 3 33E 07 Sec Comments The period function uses one range for all inputs between 0 33 seconds and 3 3 uSec A period measurement will return 0 if no input is applied Ran
238. the 100mV 1 V and 10V ranges for the best de voltage accuracy Use 4 wire ohms for the best resistance accuracy Use Math Null to null the test cable resistance for 2 wire ohms and to remove interconnection offset for dc voltage measurements AC Voltage and AC Current Measurements Set the resolution to 6 digits integration time of 100 PLC Select the slow ac filter 3 Hz to 300kHz Frequency and Period Measurements Set the resolution to 6 digits aperture time of 1 second 184 E1412A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Appendix B Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages Execution Errors Appendix B 101 102 103 104 105 108 109 The following sections describe the types of errors the E1412A reports Execution Errors Self Test Errors and Calibration Errors The error code is given e g 101 followed by the associated error message and a description of what the error message means Invalid character An invalid character was found in the command string You may have inserted a character such as or in the command header or within a parameter Example CONF VOLT DC Syntax error Invalid syntax was found in the command string You may have inserted a blank space before or after a colon in the command header or before a comma Example SAMP COUN 1 Invalid separator An invalid separator was found in the command string You may have used a comma instead of a colo
239. the Sample Count SAMP COUN 10 Specify 10 readings per trigger SAMP COUN Query multimeter to return sample count enter statement Enter value into computer Enter readings into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 115 SENSe Subsystem Syntax The SENSe command subsystem is most commonly used with CONFigure to change specific low level measurement parameters SENSe enables you to change the following measurement parameters predefined by the CONFigure command without completely reconfiguring the multimeter Function Range and Resolution Aperture Time and Number of Power Line Cycles Bandwidth Autozero SENSe FUNCtion CURRent AC FUNCtion CURReni DC FUNCtion FREQuency FUNCtion FRESistance FUNCtion PERiod FUNCtion RESistance FUNCtion VOLTage AC FUNCtion VOLTage DC FUNCtion VOLTage DC RATio FUNCtion CURRent AC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX AC RANGe MIN MAX AC RANGe AUTO OFF ON AC RANGe AUTO AC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX AC RESolution MIN MAX DC APERture 333ms 3 33ms 16 7ms 167ms 1 67s MIN MAX DC APERture MIN MAX DC NPLCycles 02 2 1 10 100 MIN MAX DC NPLCycles MIN MAX DC RANGe lt range gt MIN MAX DC RANGe MIN MAX DC RANGe AUTO OFF ON DC RANGe AUTO DC RESolution lt resolution gt MIN MAX DC RESolution MIN MAX DETector BANDwidth 3 2
240. the input LO terminal Make sure the multimeter and the ac source are connected to the same electrical outlet whenever possible You should also minimize the area of any ground loops that cannot be avoided Measurements of high impedance sources are more susceptible to noise pickup than measurements of low impedance sources You can reduce the noise pick up by placing a capacitor in parallel with the multimeter s input terminals You may have to experiment to determine the correct capacitor value for your application since this capacitance will contribute some loading error Most extraneous noise is not correlated with the input signal You can determine the error as shown below Voltage Measured y Vin Noise Correlated noise while rare is especially detrimental because it will always add directly to the input signal Measuring a low level signal with the same frequency as the local power line is a common situation prone to this error AC Turnover Errors Errors are generated when the multimeter s input LO terminal is driven with an ac voltage relative to earth The most common situation where unnecessary turnover errors are created is when the output of an ac calibrator is connected to the multimeter backwards Ideally a multimeter reads the same regardless of how the source is connected Both source and multimeter effects can degrade this ideal situation Because of the capacitance between the input LO terminal and earth app
241. the measurement s and places the reading s directly into the output buffer You then must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer One MEASure command will initiate multiple measurements if the trigger count or the sample count is greater than 1 The measurement process stops when the output buffer fills if readings are not retrieved fast enough The measurement process restarts when there is again room to store readings in the output buffer The READ command requires that you configure the multimeter for the function you want to measure prior to issuing the command The command initiates the measurement s and places the reading s directly into the output buffer like the MEASure command You then must provide the I O construct to retrieve the readings and enter them into the computer One READ command will initiate multiple measurements if the trigger count or the sample count is greater than 1 The measurement process stops when the output buffer fills ifreadings are not retrieved fast enough The measurement process restarts when there is room to store readings in the output buffer The READ command is broken down into two operations with the INIT and FETC commands The INIT and FETC commands require that you configure the multimeter for the function you want to measure prior to issuing the commands The INIT command initiates the measurement s and places the reading s into the multimeter s RAM
242. the range and resolution parameters see next bullet comment In the autorange mode the multimeter samples the input signal before each measurement and selects the appropriate range To specify the MIN or MAX resolution while autoranging you must specify the AUTO or DEF parameter for range and specify MIN or MAX e g CONF CURR DC DEF MIN or CONF CURR DC DEF MAX or CONF CURR AUTO MIN or CONF CURR AUTO MAX you cannot omit the range parameter DEF or AUTO This prevents the MIN or MAX resolution from being interpreted as a range setting Example Making DC Current Measurements CONF CURR 3 MAX Function dc current range selected 3A MAX resolution 0 3mA SAMP COUN 3 Take 3 readings trigger source is IMMediate by default READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer 88 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 FREQuency CONFigure FREQuency lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the frequency function Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 3E 00 Hz lt resolution gt numeric 3E 04 3E 05 3E 06 Hz Comments The frequency function uses one range for all inputs between 3 Hz and 300kHz A frequency measurement returns 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are
243. tification err viPrintf dmm IDN n if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err err viScanf dmm t buf if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err printf Module ID s n n buf Perform a module self test err viPrintf dmm TST n if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err err viScanf dmm t buf if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err printf Self test response s n n buf Check for system errors err viPrintf dmm SYST ERR n if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err err viScanf dmm t buf if err lt VI_SUCCESS err_handler dmm err printf System error response s n n buf end of main Error handling function void err_handler ViSession dmm ViStatus err char buf 1024 0 viStatusDesc dmm err buf printf ERROR s n buf return Chapter 1 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup 23 Notes 24 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Module Setup Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Using This Chapter This chapter provides multimeter application information in five parts e Measurement Tutorial Measurement Configuration Math Operations Triggering the Multimeter e El412A Multimeter Application Examples Measurement Tutorial The E1412A is capable of making highly accurate measurements In order to achieve the greatest accuracy you m
244. timeter Application Information 33 Loading Errors ac volts AC Measurements Below Full Scale Function and Range Change Internal Offset Correction Temperature Coefficient Errors Overload Errors In the ac voltage function the input of the E1412A appears as a 1 MQ resistance in parallel with 100pF of capacitance The cabling that you use to connect signals to the multimeter will also add additional capacitance and loading For low frequencies where fx RIS15 0 e Hz 100 x Ry Error _ A 1MQ For any frequency 1 1MQ TEA AS 1 IMO R gt IMO R 1 On Cn IMOR S Rs source resistance f input frequency Cin Input capacitance 100pF plus cable capacitance Error 100 x You can make the most accurate ac measurements when the multimeter is at full scale of the selected range Autoranging occurs at lt 10 and 2120 of full scale This enables you to measure some inputs at full scale on one range and 10 of full scale on the next higher range e g 10V on the 10V range or 10V on the 100V range The accuracy will be significantly different for these two cases For highest accuracy you should specify the range to assure the lowest range possible for the measurement this turns autorange off The E1412A uses an ac measurement technique that measures and removes internal offset voltages when you select a different function or range The next two sections discuss two ways these offset erro
245. tituting MAX for the number parameter sets the trigger count to 50 000 48 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information Chapter 2 Example Setting the Trigger Count Checking the Trigger Count Inserting a Trigger Delay Example Inserting a Chapter 2 Trigger Delay In the following example one DC voltage measurement is made each time the multimeter s external trigger BNC connector is pulsed low After 10 external triggers are received the multimeter returns to the idle state dimension array Dimension computer array CONF VOLT DC Function DC voltage TRIG SOUR EXT Trigger source is external BNC on multimeter front panel TRIG COUN 10 Multimeter will accept 10 external triggers one measurement is taken per trigger READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state make measurements when external trigger is received send readings to output buffer timeout may occur May require INIT monitor the status byte for completion standard event bit 0 FETC to transfer readings to the output buffer vs READ enter statement Enter readings into computer The TRIGger COUNt MINimum MAXimum command returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present trigger count 1 through 50 000 if neither MIN nor MAX is specified The minimum trigger count available 1 if MIN is specified The maximum trigger count available 50 000 if MAX is specified The TRIGger DELay lt seconds gt com
246. torange mode enter statement Enter value into computer 134 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance RESolution SENSe FRESistance RESolution lt resolution gt selects the resolution for 4 wire resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX ohms Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using FRESistance RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging Specify resolution in the same units as the measurement function If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameters or select a specific integration time using FRESistance NPLCycles e RST Condition FRES RES 1mQ 1E 03 FRESistance RESolution SENSe FRESistance RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resolution selected if MIN or MAX are not specified Only the resolution values available on ranges set by the RANGe command are returned The resolution with the smallest value i e the best resolution for the selected range if MIN
247. ts are discussed in the following sections The 4 wire ohms method provides the most accurate way to measure small resistances Errors due to test cable resistances and contact resistances are reduced using this method Four wire ohms is often used in automated test applications where long cable lengths numerous connections or switches exist between the multimeter and the device under test The recommended connections for 4 wire ohms measurements are shown below gt HIO Hl Sense 1a a Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 29 Removing Field Field wiring can cause an offset error in 2 wire resistance measurements ei A You can use the following procedure to minimize offset errors associated Wiring Resistance with field wiring resistance in 2 wire ohms measurements You short the Errors field wiring at the DUT location and measure the 2 wire lead resistance i Wi This value is subtracted from subsequent DUT 2 wire ohms measurements in 2 Wire Ohms There are two ways to effectively null out the lead resistance The first way Measurements isto characterize your field lead resistance by shorting the leads at the DUT location and measure and record the lead resistance Then enable the math operation and store the 2 wire lead measurement value using the CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt command CALC STATe must be ON to do this The following program shows SCPI examples used to store a
248. ts between 3 Hz and 300kHz Querying the range will always return 3E 00 A frequency measurement returns 0 if no input is applied Range and resolution settings are listed below for the MIN MAX DEF and AUTO parameters and after a module reset RST PARAMETER RANGE RESOLUTION MIN 3E 00 3E 06 MAX 3E 00 3E 04 DEF AUTO and module 3E 00 3E 05 reset RST 104 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 FRESistance MEASure FRESistance lt range gt MIN MAX DEF AUTO L lt resolution gt MIN MAX DEF selects the 4 wire ohms function and allows you to specify the measurement range and resolution Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Type Range of Values Default Units lt range gt numeric 100Q 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MOQ ohms 110MQ 100M0 MIN MAX DEF AUTO lt resolution gt numeric resolution MIN MAX DEF ohms Comments To select a standard measurement range specify range as the input signal s maximum expected resistance The multimeter then selects the correct range that will accept the input The AUTO or DEFault option for the range parameter enables autorange The DEF option for the resolution parameter defaults the integration time to 10 PLC The MIN and MAX parameters select the minimum or maximum values for range and resolution For range MIN 1000 MAX 100MQ For resolution MIN selects the best resolution the smallest va
249. tures built into this product have been impaired either through physical damage excessive moisture or any other reason REMOVE POWER and do not use the product until safe operation can be verified by service trained personnel If necessary return the product to an Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained DO NOT service or adjust alone Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present DO NOT substitute parts or modify equipment Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the product Return the product to an Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained 10 Declaration of Conformity Declarations of Conformity for this product may be downloaded from the Internet There are two methods to obtain the Declaration of Conformity e Go to http regulations about keysight com DoC search htm You can then search by product number to find the latest Declaration of Conformity e Alternately you can go to the product web page www keysight com find E1412A click on the Document Library tab then scroll down until you find the Declaration of Conformity link 11 Notes Notes Notes Chapter 1 Agilent E1412A Multimeter
250. ty Sensitivity Sensitivity is the minimum level that the multimeter can detect for a given measurement Sensitivity defines the ability of the multimeter to respond to small changes in the input level For example suppose you are monitoring a 1mVdc signal and you want to adjust the level to within 1mV To be able to respond to an adjustment this small this measurement would require a multimeter with a sensitivity of at least 1 uV You could use a 6 digit multimeter if it has a 1 Vdc or smaller range You could also use a 4Y digit multimeter with a 10mVdc range Note that the smallest value that can be measured is different from the sensitivity for ac voltage and ac current measurements For the E1412A these functions are specified to measure down to 1 of the selected range For example the multimeter can measure down to 1 mVac on the 100 mVac range Resolution Resolution is the numeric ratio of the maximum measurable value divided by the minimum measurable value on a selected range Resolution is often expressed in percent parts per million ppm counts or bits For example a 6Y digit multimeter with 20 overrange capability can make a measurement with up to 1 200 000 counts of resolution This corresponds to about 0 0001 1 ppm of full scale or 21 bits including the sign bit All four specifications are equivalent 182 E1412A Multimeter Specifications Appendix A Accuracy Accuracy is a measure of the exactness to which th
251. u can also trigger the multimeter from the GPIB interface by sending the IEEE 488 Group Execute Trigger GET message The multimeter must be in the wait for trigger state Send a GET from a Hewlett Packard controller with the following command TRIGGER 70903 Note TRIG SOUR BUS is not implemented on B size resource managers such as the El306A Command Module or the E1300A E1301A B size Mainframes The Wait for Trigger You must place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state after you have State configured it and selected a trigger source A trigger will not be accepted until the multimeter is in this state The measurement sequence begins when the multimeter is in the wait for trigger state and it receives a trigger You can place the multimeter in the wait for trigger state by executing one of the following commands READ INITiate Note The multimeter requires approximately 20ms of set up time after you send a command to change to the wait for trigger state Any triggers that occur during this set up time are ignored The Trigger Count The TRIGger COUNt lt number gt command sets the number of triggers the multimeter will accept in the wait for trigger state before returning to the idle state Use the number parameter to set the trigger count to a value between 1 and 50 000 The MEASure and CONFigure commands set trigger count to 1 Substituting MIN for the number parameter sets the trigger count to 1 Subs
252. u must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register The lower limit is stored in volatile memory Set the Lower Limit CALC STAT ON Turn on the math operation CALC LIM LOW 1000 Set the lower limit CALC FUNC LIM Select the LIMit math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state CALCulate LIMit LOWer MIN MAX queries the lower limit Query the Lower Limit Set for the LIMit Math Operation CALC LIM LOW Query the lower limit CALCulate LIMit UPPer lt value gt MIN MAX sets the upper limit for limit testing You can set the value to any number between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function MIN 120 of the highest range MAX 120 of the highest range You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register The upper limit is stored in volatile memory Set the Upper Limit CALC STAT ON Turn on the math operation CALC LIM UPP 3000 Set the upper limit CALC FUNC LIM Select the LIMit math operation You can select the calculate function at any time before or after enabling the calculate state CALCulate LIMit UPPer MIN MAX queries the upper limit Query the Upper Limit Set for the LIMit Math Operation CALC LIM UPP Queries the upper limit Multimeter Command Reference 77 NULL OFFSet Example NULL OFFSet Example STATe Example STATe E
253. uce the accuracy of the measurement Some of the guidelines will not affect accuracy but simply make taking measurements more efficient Be aware that these guidelines also increase the complexity of the program 1 Avoid function changes 2 Avoid aperture changes when making frequency or period measurements Minimize the number of command response sessions Set autozero to ONCE or OFF Turn autorange OFF Decrease the NPLC setting for DCV DCI 2 wire and 4 wire resistance measurements 7 Store the readings in the E1412A internal memory instead of sending them directly to the computer Nn HE WwW Only items 4 5 and 6 may reduce the accuracy of a measurement The rest of the guidelines involve additional work by the system programmers The E1412A Multimeter takes time to switch between the various functions because the hardware must be re configured for the new function Organize your program so all measurements on a function are done at the same time Changing aperture times for frequency or period measurements takes a significant amount of time The easiest way to avoid aperture changes is to directly specify the aperture time This requires that you not use the MEASure command and that you not specify the optional lt resolution gt parameter in a CONFigure command Minimizing the number of command response sessions involves programming the multimeter to pace itself rather than the computer pacing the multimeter
254. ue enter a specific number into the null register using the CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt command Any previously stored value is replaced with the new value Use the following commands to activate the NULL function and input a null value The calculate state must be enabled before you can store a value in the Null Register CONF lt function gt Clears the null offset value CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math function to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operation CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt Store a null offset value Another way to enter the null value is to let the multimeter store the first reading in the register After you enable the NULL function with the CALC STATe ON command the first measurement you obtain will be zero if you have not stored a value as described in the previous bullet The measured value is stored as the NULL offset value and subtracted from itself to result in the zero reading All subsequent measurements will have the offset value subtracted from them If you previously stored a NULL offset value using CALC NULL OFFS lt value gt as in the commands in the above bullet the first reading does not overwrite the stored offset value but returns with the previous offset value subtracted CONF lt function gt Clears the null offset value CALCulate FUNCtion NULL Set math function to NULL CALCulate STATe ON Enable math operation Set up the system to generate the offset of concern e g short
255. umeric Parameters 69 O Offset Voltage 28 measuring removing 34 OPC 164 OPC 165 Operating Characteristics ac current 176 ac voltage 176 dc current 173 dc voltage 173 frequency characteristics 178 period characteristics 178 Operation Status Bit OPR 58 Optional Parameters 69 Output Buffer 60 transfer readings to 98 113 OUTPut Subsystem 111 112 OUTPut TTLTrg STATe 111 OUTPut TTLTrg STATe 112 Overload errors 34 indication 40 Overrange 182 P Parameters 69 Parts Per Million PPM 182 Period characteristics 177 178 measurements aperture time 136 autorange 138 connections 19 errors 36 integration time 136 range 137 range resolution 91 106 Plug amp Play See online help Power Dissipation Effects 31 Power Line cycles 27 38 123 132 140 148 noise rejecting voltages 27 Programming the Multimeter 15 22 23 Q Querying ac filter selection 128 aperture time 122 128 131 136 139 147 automatic input impedance 100 autorange 4 wire ohms function 134 4 wire resistance measurements 134 ac current measurements 120 ac voltage measurements 145 dc current measurements 125 dc voltage measurements 150 frequency measurements 130 period measurements 138 resistance measurements 142 autozero 83 152 calibration message 82 calibration security code 81 calibration value 82 configuration 96 dB reference value 75 dBm reference value 75 error queue 155 inte
256. umeric resolution MIN MAX amps Comments MINimum selects the best resolution the smallest value for the selected range MAXimum selects the worst resolution the largest value for the selected range You must select a range using CURRent AC RANGe before specifying resolution Also only specify a resolution when making measurements on a fixed range Otherwise the resolution will change to correspond with the range selected during autoranging Specify resolution in the same units as the measurement function If autoranging is required set the resolution using the MIN or MAX parameter CURRent AC RESolution SENSe CURRent AC RESolution MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present current resolution selected if MIN or MAX is not specified The minimum current resolution available if MIN is specified The maximum current resolution available if MAX is specified Example Query the AC Current Measurement Range CURR AC RES 1E 4 Select 100 uA resolution CURR AC RES Query multimeter to return the present resolution enter statement Enter value into computer Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 121 CURRent DC APERture SENSe CURRent DC APERture lt number gt sets the integration time in seconds for de current measurements Values are rounded up to the nearest aperture time shown in the following table Parameters Parameter Name
257. us and contains any instrument drivers required to communicate with a VXI module Your resource manager could be a VXI command module embedded PC controller the PC based VXLink Interface ISA to VXD the Series 700 workstation VXI MXTIbus interface or another VXI controller To configure the interrupt priority on the E1405B and E1406A Command Modules you would use the DIAGnostic INTerrupt command subsystem Refer to your resource manager s documentation for information on setting the system s interrupt priority Setting the Line Frequency Reference Checking the Line Chapter 1 Frequency Reference You must set the line frequency reference to the line frequency of the power source to your mainframe for maximum normal mode rejection NMR NMR is the multimeter s ability to reject power line frequency noise in a DC voltage or ohms measurement You should set the multimeter s line frequency reference to the exact power line frequency 50 60 or 400Hz Failure to set the line frequency reference to that of your source will cause reading errors You use the CALibration LFRequency command to set the line frequency reference The default setting at power on is 60Hz If you use 50Hz or 400Hz you need to set the line frequency reference for maximum NMR Specifying 400 Hz actually sets the line frequency reference to 50Hz since 50 Hz is a sub harmonic of 400 Hz Executing a CALibration LFRequency will return 50 after executing CAL LFR 400 to s
258. ust take the necessary steps to eliminate potential measurement errors This section describes common errors found in measurements and gives suggestions to help you avoid these errors DC Voltage Measurements Thermal EMF Thermoelectric voltages are the most common source of error in low level Errors de voltage measurements Thermoelectric voltages are generated when you make circuit connections using dissimilar metals at different temperatures Each metal to metal junction forms a thermocouple which generates a voltage proportional to the junction temperature You should take the necessary precautions to minimize thermocouple voltages and temperature variations in low level voltage measurements The best connections are formed using copper to copper crimped connections Table 2 1 shows common thermoelectric voltages for connections between dissimilar metals Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 25 Table 2 1 Thermoelectric Voltages Copper to Approx uV C Copper lt 0 3 Gold 0 5 Silver 0 5 The E1412A input Brass 3 terminals are Beryllium Copper 5 iS Aluminum 5 Kovar or Alloy 42 40 Silicon 500 Copper Oxide 1000 Cadmium Tin Solder 0 2 Tin Lead Solder 5 Loading Errors Measurement loading errors occur when the resistance of the device 8 dc v olts under test DUT is an appreciable percentage of the multimeter s own input resistance The diagram
259. verrides the range setting from a previous CONFigure command on the same function The multimeter uses the same aperture time to set the resolution on the new range as was selected by CONFigure e RST Condition RES RANG 1kQ Example Change the Range CONF RES 1320 MAX Function 2 wire ohms range selected IOKO MAX resolution 1 Q RES RANG 220 Range selected IkO MAX resolution 0 1 Q READ Place multimeter in wait for trigger state and make measurements send readings to output buffer enter statement Enter readings into computer RESistance RANGe SENSe RESistance RANGe MIN MAX returns one of the following numbers to the output buffer The present resistance range selected if MIN or MAX is not specified Only the ranges available with the RANGe command are returned For example if CONFigure selects the 900Q range 1 kQ is the range returned The minimum resistance range available 10002 if MIN is specified The maximum resistance range available 100 MQ if MAX is specified Chapier 3 Multimeter Command Reference 141 Example Query the Measurement Range RES RANG 100 Select 1000 range RES RANG Query multimeter to return the present range enter statement Enter value into computer RESistance RANGe AUTO SENSe RESistance RANGe AUTO lt mode gt enables or disables the autorange function for resistance measurements Parameters Parameter Name Parameter Ty
260. volatile memory The multimeter clears the values when the average function is turned on when power is turned off or after the module is reset You use the following commands to activate the average function and query the results from the group of measurements made following activation CALCulate FUNCtion AVERage Selects the average function CALCulate STATe OFF ON Activates the average function Take measurements here CALCulate AVERage MINimum Read the minimum value CALCulate AVERage MAXimum Read the maximum value CALCulate AVERage AVERage Read the average value CALCulate AVERage COUNt Read the number of measurements NULL Relative A null measurement also called relative provides the difference between a Function stored null value and the input signal One possible application is in making more accurate two wire ohms measurements by nulling the test lead resistance Result reading null value Does not apply to the DC to DC Ratio measurements The null value is adjustable and you can set it to any value between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function Clearing the NULL value The null value is stored in volatile memory the value is cleared when power is removed after resetting the multimeter or after a function change Chapter 2 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 41 Two Ways to Store the The null value is stored in the multimeter s Null Register You can NULL Offset Val
261. w This can cause errors when measuring small voltages which are floating relative to earth ground gt HI Ve float voltag ls DUT source resistance imbalance R multimeter isolation resistar a Agilent E1412A Multimeter Application Information 27 Noise Caused by Magnetic Loops Noise Caused by Ground Loops If you are making measurements near magnetic fields you should take the necessary precautions to avoid inducing voltages in the measurement conductors You should be especially careful when working near conductors carrying large currents Use twisted pair connections to the multimeter to reduce the noise pickup loop area or dress the input cables as close together as possible Also loose or vibrating input cables will induce error voltages Make sure your input cables are tied down securely when operating near magnetic fields Whenever possible use magnetic shielding materials or physical separation to reduce problem magnetic field sources When measuring voltages in circuits where the multimeter and the device under test are both referenced to a common earth ground but at different points a ground loop is formed As shown below any voltage difference between the two ground reference points Veround causes a current to flow through the measurement leads This causes errors such as noise and offset voltage usually power line related which are added to the measured voltage The best
262. x B 709 710 720 721 722 723 724 725 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 No cal for this function or range You cannot perform calibrations for ac current period continuity diode ratio or on the 10OMQ range Full scale correction out of range Cal DCV offset out of range Cal DCI offset out of range Cal RES offset out of range Cal FRES offset out of range Extended resistance self cal failed 500V DC correction out of range Precharge DAC convergence failed A D turnover correction out of range AC flatness DAC convergence failed AC low frequency convergence failed AC low frequency correction out of range AC rms converter noise correction out of range AC rms 100th scale linearity correction out of range Cal checksum failed secure state Cal checksum failed string data Cal checksum failed DCV corrections Cal checksum failed DCI corrections Cal checksum failed RES corrections Cal checksum failed FRES corrections Cal checksum failed AC corrections Cal checksum failed GPIB address Cal checksum failed internal data Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages 191 Notes 192 Agilent E1412A Multimeter Error Messages Appendix B Appendix C Measurement Speed and Accuracy Trade offs The E1412A Multimeter is designed so the default mode of operation will deliver high accuracy readings with a minimum of programming effort
263. xample CALCulate NULL OFFSet lt value gt MIN MAX stores a null value in the multimeter s Null Register You must turn on the math operation e g execute CALC STAT ON before writing to the math register You can set the null value to any number between 0 and 120 of the highest range for the present function MIN 120 of the highest range MAX 120 of the highest range The null value 1s stored in volatile memory See the section titled Math Operations NULL Function beginning on page 41 for another way to store the offset value Set the Null Offset Value CALC FUNC NULL Set math function to NULL You may choose to set the math function after setting STATe ON CALC STAT ON Turn on math operation CALC NULL OFFS 500 Set null offset to 500 CALCulate NULL OFFSet MIN MAX queries the null value Query the Null Offset Value Set for the NULL Math Operation CALC NULL OFFS Query the null offset value CALCulate STATe OFF ON disables or enables the selected math function The state is stored in volatile memory Enable the Currently Selected Calculate Math Function CALC STAT ON The selected or default math function is enabled CALCulate STATe queries the state of the math function Returns 0 OFF or aq ON Query Whether a Math Function State is On or Off CALC STAT Query the state 78 Multimeter Command Reference Chapter 3 CALibration Subsystem Syntax COUNt Comments Example LFRequency

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