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February 1984 No. 16

1. DASM COM An easier to use version of ZZSOURCE the Z80 disassembler This full disk includes source and documentation for both routines wo KayPro Disk K18 System Diagnostics Just as we finished editing the routines on this disk we received a copy of KayPro s diagnostic disk The memory test drive exercise and drive alignment routines on this disk are more powerful than KayPro s versions Plus it s only 12 Setup for KayPro II and 4 gs KayPro Disk K19 Prowriter Graphics This is a complete Prowriter graphics package written by the same Micro C subscriber who wrote the MX 80 graphics package Plot points lines circles boxes and more Examples docu mentation and more We have something ecial for S p C I The PRO 8 package from Micro Cornucopia upgrades your KayPro 4 to a KayPro 8 with 784K bytes 96 I directory entries per Tandon 100 4 or equivalent yo U r ayp r O H quad density drive Plus you can select your own cursor character and change it at will Pro 8 ROM Package The package includes the new PRO 8 monitor ROM a disk of formatters and copiers and printed instruc ROMs from Micro Cornucopia tions We even tell you how to turn your KayPro Il into There are two ROMs in each Kaypro a monitor ROM and a character ROM The Monitor ROM a KayPro 4 All you add is one or two double sided supplies information for the Z80 processor on such things as how to get information from the il
2. Designers Available for contract hard ware software work Also selling non exclusive rights to Commodore periph erals Very reasonable prices C M P Box 123 Waterloo Ont N2J BZ9 Factory assembled Xerox 820 1 board with manual disk conn 160 working 5 drive cabinet amp cable 40 Several keyboards monitors S 100 boards full list on request Noor Singh 1562 N Hill Pasadena CA 91104 818 794 8730 dBASE II Consulting Service Los Angeles area Give us a call we may be able to help you solve your dBASE II problems Call 213 375 6391 Ralph Freshout consultant l WANTED KAYPRO USERS Join the National KAYPRO Users Group 8 per year Members get newsletters amp dis counts Checks to Peoples Computer NATKUG PO Box 28360 Queens NY 11428 Public Domain UG Software Rental CP M UG Vol 1 92 on 46 8 Flippies 45 00 SIG M UG Vol 1 150 on 75 8 Flippies 75 00 PICONET Vol 1 34 on 17 8 Flip pies 25 00 Pascal Z UG Vol 1 25 13 8 Flippies 20 00 UG Games 20 Vols of the best ones 20 00 UG Modem 20 Vols of the best 20 00 UG Business 20 Vols of the best 25 00 UG Utilities 10 Vols of the best 20 00 Rental is for 7 days after receipt with 3 more days grace for re turn Credit cards accepted preferred 5 disk formats also available Down loading disk format conversions Call User Group Software Automatic Update Service 7 50 per 2 volume set PP 619 727 1015 24 hrs 619 941
3. ber is 1871 However not once have I been advised of an update or potential problem and in fact many letters I sent to them are still unanswered They even managed to lose my bank draft for the purchase of the runtime package and on ly found it when I arrived on their door step with a receipt from the bank I feel these problems are a great shame since the program has great potential and will ultimately be one of the pro graming standards No doubt they are manifestations of the classic rapid growth syndrome and will eventually be rectified I look forward to the day when this happens as I am sure my faith in this product will eventually be rewarded ae COPY STRUCTURE TO INVREPT FIELDS CUSTNAME JOBDESCR JOBNO ESTPHLAB ESTSTLAB ESTPRLAB ESTFILAB ESTINLAB ACTPHLAB ACTSTLAB 3 ACTPRLAB ACTFILAB ACTINLAB ACTOFLAB ESTPHMAT ESTSTMAT ESTPRMAT ESTFIMAT ESTINMAT ESTOKMAT SUBCONT FREIGHT SALEREP INVNUMB INVDATE INVPRICE SALETAX PROFIT MARKUP PRINTED Had to be changed to USE B JOBCOST COPY STRUCTURE TO INVREPT And the following line USE INVREPT APPEND FROM B JOBCOST FOR INVNUMB lt gt AND INVNUMB gt amp MINVTEMP Had to be changed to USE INVREPT APPEND FROM B JOBCOST FOR INVNUMB lt gt t DELETE FOR INVNUMB lt amp MINVTEMP Figure 1 Modifying Conditionals for DBase II Runtime 40 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Figure 2 New DBase I Commands
4. New commands HELP user aid command REINDEX rebuild index file TEXT display multiple lines of text terminated by ENDTEXT Supplemented Commands APPEND INSERT EDIT CREATE can use a format file for screen control BROWSE can be given a list of fields to work with DISPLAY STATUS shows databases indexes in use and SET settings READ amp REPLACE can be directed to NOT update indexes via NOUPDATE RELEASE can release subsets of memory variables RESTORE can restore additively to existing memory variables SAVE can save subsets of memory variables SET RAW ON eliminates extra spaces in DISPLAY and commands UPDATE replace clause can have WITH phrases Figure 3 Getting Around DBase II Delete Problems USE TIMEWEEK COPY STRUCTURE TO B NEWWEEK USE B THISWEEK SORT ON JOBNO TO B WEEKSORT USE DELETE FILE B NEWWEEK WORKS OK HERE SELECT PRIMARY USE B NEWWEEK SELECT SECONDARY USE B WEEKSORT DO WHILE NOT EOF SELECT PRIMARY APPEND BLANK REPLACE P JOBNO WITH S JOBNO IF S SECTION 1 REPLACE ACTPHLAB WITH S HOURCHRG ENDIF IF S SECTION 2 REPLACE ACTSTLAB WITH S HOURCHRG ENDIF IF S SECTION 3 REPLACE ACTPRLAB WITH S HOURCHRG ENDIF IF S SECTION 4 REPLACE ACTFILAB WITH S HOURCHRG ENDIF IF S SECTIONs 5 REPLACE ACTINLAB WITH S HOURCHRG ENDIF IF S SECTION 6 REPLACE ACTOFLAB WITH S HOURCHRG ENDIF of SELECT SECONDARY SKIP IF EOF ERASE UPDATING FILES ENDIF eof ENDDO USE this
5. Serial Files Same as Sequential Files SGN R 39 118 SIN R 39 118 SIZE S 39 118 SPACE I SPC I 39 118 SQR R 39 118 Statements 37 38 128 135 STEP 28 68 STOP 39 131 Storage areas of disks 90 STRING Variable 39 41 43 118 String Fields 82 Strings 97 String Special Form 57 STRING I1 I2 STRING I1 I2 39 118 System Load Map 50 T TAB I 39 118 TAN R 39 118 TEXT 39 80 81 131 132 THEN See IF THEN ELSE Tracing 27 123 124 Translator Compiler 32 V VAL S 39 119 l VAR 14 39 45 53 130 k Variables 14 39 45 56 W WHILE DO 24 39 65 66 129 WRITE 39 94 100 134 X XLATE S1 X2 39 119 XOR 14 39 55 57 59 TAD E E EOE EEA Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 21 Main Frames Main Frames from 175 e 70 Models of Enclosures e Assembled and tested e Quasi Coax Motherboards e Power Supply Card cage and guides e Fan line cord fuse power amp reset switches 499 8 Floppy Main Frame 275 8 Disc Enclosure Phase 80 8 Flo Main Frame Slim Line 8 Floppy Main Frame Write or call for our brochure which includes our application note Making micros better than any ol box computer 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 651 1203 We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCharge CHASSIS amp SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER POWER SUPP 279 Built like a tank won t break the bank 29
6. TWO SCOT ADAMS ADVENTURES Adventureland Recover 13 lost treasures Pirate Adventure London to Treasure Island for more lost Treasure Disc 6 ORIGINAL ADVENTURE Bi Lingual English French Save Game Feature Interactive Treasures Dangers in Underground Cavern SPECIAL BUY All 6 Only 350 COMPUW 51500 Morning Drive Loveland CO 80537 201 366 8540 Cables For 5 1 4 hard disk 65 Set includes one each control data and Power cables and interfaces with xebec or Western Digital boards SASI interface cable 29 Both of the above 85 Also available Printer cables Parallel and Serial Please specify type and host VSN International PO Box 1688 West Chester PA 19380 ARE 256K RAMDISK KIT NOW ONLY 49 95 CANNED LIGHTNING IS CHEAPER THAN EVER Make your spelling checker assembler or compiler programs run 35 300 percent faster by using dynaDisk dynaDisk is a 256k ram board that uses 5V at 2A and plugs into BB1 s parallel interface J5 It comes with auto patching software that makes it look like an 8 SS SD disk drive to CP M It uses 4164 ram chips regular TTL and transfers data 8 10 times faster than a regular floppy FOR 49 95 YOU GET 81 2 by 614 bare PC board Software on 8 SS SD floppy SOURCE INCLUDED Assembly amp Operation Manual 64K RAM CHIPS 3 95 F q agd AY typo These are PRIME QUALITY 300ns 64K Dy
7. Where KEY KEY 48 ECHO 64 EMIT An un nester would then expand TEST TEST KEY 48 IF 64 EMIT THEN Here every word mentioned in TEST is a primitive containing only executable machine code By removing the nest ing the colon word run time routine is not used pointers are not stored on the return stack and TEST runs at the fastest possible FORTH speed The next step would be to have the compiler substitute the actual machine code embodied in KEY EMIT etc and make TEST a code word requiring no action from the FORTH inner interpreter to execute However the substituted machine code must be relocatable For the 8080 all conditional branches are to absolute addresses and the substitution would be very difficult indeed The Z80 has some relative branch instructions so if you took care and never used an abso lute branch instruction anywhere in the FORTH kernel you could build a native mode compiler for high level words I would be interested in hearing from anyone who has used the compiler both your experiences and any information you might be able to deduce about Labo ratory Microsystem s method for pro ducing speedy colon words Interfacing with Users You make a spelling error and FORTH spits the word back at you witha question mark You try to dump memo ry put the starting address on the stack but forget the count now hundreds of numbers are scrolling up your screen Sound fa
8. 2006 Miniscribe 6 mb drive 700 2012 Miniscribe 12 mb drive 800 4020 Miniscribe 17 mb drive l 900 RO 204 Rodime 27 mb drive 1000 S1410 Xebec controller 2 drv 330 2020 02 switching power supply 140 2014 3 quiet fan 20 2022 cabinet 2 drvs p s with switch fuse box 80 2021 Z 80 adaptor amp software for all CP M computers 300 2021 A Apple adaptor amp software specify DOS or Pascal 200 2021 B IBM adaptor amp software 200 2004 power supply harness 20 2007 8 50 pin cable interface to crt with disconnect 45 2005 34 pin cable 20 2006 0 20 pin cable l 20 2015 fan protector cover 3 2017 5 drive opening cover 8 2001 2 3 brackets drive ps ctrl amp hardware 20 Substantial Quantity discounts available e 4mHz Z80At CPU 64K RAM Two RS232 serial ports e Mini floppy controller e Parallel printer port e On board 12V converter e Only 5 75 x 7 75 inches e Power Requirement 5VDC 75A 12VDC 05A e Screws directly onto a mini floppy drive SALE All this KayPro II 1350 and CP M 2 2 also Morrow MD 2 w terminal 1350 t Z80A e trademark of Zilog Inc QUME Sprint 11 40 cps 1295 COMPUTERS INCORPORATED tt CP M is a registered trademark of Digital Research 5 MHz upgrade package 30 67 East Evelyn Ave Mountain View CA94041 415 962 0230 Plug in replacements for U66 and U86 to make your KayPro run 5 MHz Depending on your KayPro you may also need Z80B and PRO monitor ROM Does not include switch for 2 5 MH
9. Eric is now keeping track of articles and deadlines That should be a real help Anyway there is always a lot more to be done than I can possibly get done and it doesn t seem to get better Don t get me wrong Micro C is a real kick and a real education I ve enjoyed learning about business and I like to try things and see how you respond And I really enjoy the SOG because it gives me a chance to see you and share some very special time The synergy generated at the SOG is absolutely in credible so it s the high point of my year When you consider the amount of energy that 100 like minded people can bring to one place try to imagine what it must be like to be in the center of a net work of over 4000 The point I m trying to make is that when you go out on your own you are starting on a journey that could take you a long way It could force you to travel long hours over arduous routes with no visible destination The payoffs can be great and they can come in a multitude of ways but the emotional and physical costs can be substantial Be aware of them before you leap in If you would rather not learn business and advertising and writing and cus tomer relations and promotion and all the things that go into making a business work if you would rather have a 40 hour week and a real vacation and if you val 38 ue security then you d better think seri ously before jumping out on your own But then it mi
10. FEATURES Custom Designed for the original Big Board Heavy Duty all aluminum construction Mounts Two SA800 801R or equlv drives Vertically Has extra space for Switching or Linear Power Supplies x Attractive painted cream finish with natural aluminum pre punched back plate Pre punched cut outs for cooling fan 3 DB25 conn video conn keyboard conn on off switch AC power filter plug fuse reset switch and cooling slots x Built in stand offs for mounting Big Board x Can also be used for a dual drive enclosure for other systems besides the Big Board x 20x 12 x 10 25 inches in size Canadlan Orders add 8 shipping NEW LOWER PRICE 69 95 add 4 UPS Buy 2 or more at 65 ea Units shipped unassembled Limited Qty of mating PAMOTOR 8500D muffin fans avail at 12 Limited Qty of CDE APF600CEE 6 amp AC 3 wire receptical and line filter that fits our enclosure are avail at 3 50 each Limited Qty of 50 conductor dual disk drive ribbon cable and connector assemblies for your Big Board These feature GOLD Winchester Electronics connectors 15 each Add extra 1 UPS on above 3 items We accept VISA MC money orders or cash Personal checks OK but cause an extra 2 week delay for clearing Texas residents add 5 sales tax We ship to USA and Canada only 15 min order No phone orders yet ODD BALL ELECTRONICS P O BOX 879 DUNCANVILLE TEXAS 75116 4 4 a a a a a ae a a a yyy y CABINET FO
11. 00 1 yr other foreign 26 00 Make all orders payable in U S funds ona U S bank please ADVERTISING RATES Available on request CHANGE OF ADDRESS Please send your old label and new ad dress SOFTWARE HARDWARE AND BOOK VENDORS We would very much like to review your CP M amp MSDOS compatible products Send materials to the Review Depart ment Micro Cornucopia 16 00 20 00 CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc Copyright 1983 by Micro Cornucopia All rights reserved MICRO CORNUCOPIA February 1984 The Single Board Systems Journal No 16 Home Sweet Home Change S uig i Change has been no stranger to Micro C these last three years That s right we were madly putting together a promo tional piece on Micro Cornucopia for the Computer Faire exactly three years ago We didn t know what the magazine would look like but that didn t keep us from promoting it Anyway we have seen a lot of change over those three years First came the magazines we were hoping to be able to fill 16 pages then the users disks ap peared followed shortly by my decision to leave Tektronix and the first SOG cel ebrating the first anniversary of issue 1 Immediately after the first SOG we took 10 days vacation We chose to vaca tion in Central Oregon and it was during that vacation that we decided to move Micro C from Portland Oregon to the Bend area So
12. 0925 info P J s National Public Domain Software Cen ter 1062 Taylor Street Vista CA 92083 TURBO PASCAL 49 New 18Mhz monitors in original cartons 50 300 1200 baud auto dial auto answer modem 259 WYSE WY 50 519 Shipping 2 B W Systems Box 9791 Austin TX 78766 512 255 8350 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 REMEMBER FREE Users Disks in exchange for submitted software or articles Especially for the Big Board From Micro Cornucopia P O Box 223 Bend OR 97709 503 382 8048 l Ce TENERE BB I BB II and XEROX 820 USERS DISKS The following are full 8 disks of software Each program has a DOC documentation file and many come with source USERS DISK 1 1 Two fast disk copiers 4 Two disk formatters 2 The manual for Small C 5 Modem 7 3 Crowe Z80 Assembler 6 Othello 7 Serial print routine Port B USERS DISK 2 1 Two single disk drive copy programs both with source 2 Crowe Z80 Assembler source 3 New Crowe COM file debugged version 4 New CBIOS with parallel print driver amp other extensions for CP M 1 4 amp 2 2 5 Disk mapper with source USERS DISK 3 1 EPROM burning software for BB 1 2 Reset bit 7 unWordStar a file 3 Disk file CRC checker 4 New fast copy program amp source 5 DU77 disk inspector editor 6 FINDBAD isolates bad disk sectors 7 Print fancy page headings USERS DISK 4 1 CBIOS custom bios for Tandon drives 2 ZCPR dynamite CCP
13. 16 bit versions The final portion of the manual is a quick reference summary of all the fea tures There are few typos in the manual Some errors and omissions are detailed in an update file included on the distri bution disk Overall EVERYTHING necessary for use of the package is ex plained with reasonable clarity and de tail There are even instructions on how to translate the error message file into other languages Gut level details such as memory utilization data format in memory stack structure for parameter passing and the like are all explained They even go into detail on going beyond the normal uses of standard Pascal Performance Although my timing methods weren t precise I used a sweep second hand I did run some benchmarks It s obvious that Turbo code executes faster than ei ther Pascal MT or JRT Pascal See the Figures for my results Limitations The most significant limitations to Tur bo are related to the 64K address space of the Z80 Source code files which are larg er than available RAM can NOT be edit ed or compiled with Turbo nor can sin gle programs larger than RAM be executed However there are ways around this Large source files can be split into frag ments small enough to edit then In cluded in the compile The include fa cility coupled with the free form decla ration part of Turbo programs makes the generation and use of a library of source modules convenient a
14. 4 XEBEC to Hard Disk Data Cable Drive Power Connector W Pins _ AMP Mini Jumpers for easy configuration strapping XEBEC to Hard Disk Mounting Brackets amp Hardware Hard to get BIGBOARD amp Il Parts NEW NEVER USED 3M HCD75 67 MB TAPE CARTRIDGE TRANSPORT AND CONTROLLER FULL DOCUMENTATION AND SCHEMATICS QUANTITY 1500 00 if you are a user of the BIGBOARD or Il the XEROX 820 or of the KAYPRO and you wish to be included in my mailing list please send a post card with your name and address Jim B Ferguson FERGUSON ENGINEERING 817 640 0207 a QO BOX 300085 _ ARLINGTON TEXAS 76010 UNINTERRUPTABLE POWER SUPPLY UPS 5 200 4 95 5V 8 5 AMPS 12 V 7 2 AMPS 12V S AMP 24V 2 AMPS 4A Pk This supply is designed to power entire computer systems with Winchester and floppy disk subsystems as well as providing emergency battery backup capability Designed to meet the needs of single board Winchester systems 24V 4 5 AH battery pack BP 1 FEATURES High Reliability High Efficiency 75 TYP High Power 200 Watts 25 Khz Switching Frequency inaudible Soft Start Built In Quick Response 0 V P Cycle By Cycle Fold Back Current Limiting Drop Out Immunity for up to 250 Ms without battery Uninterruptable with addition of BP 1 battery pack 5 Output Voltages _ GENERAL PURPOSE INDUSTRIAL CONTROLLER Bare Board amp Doc ACCOMMODATES e Z80 ZB80A OR Z80B Series Parts Dual
15. A Lets BB I recognize a double sided drive as one drive with 494K of usable space 4 FIX super disk utility does everything much easier to use than DU77 5 Compare files routine 6 UNERA retrieve erased files 7 FIND check all drives on system for a file 8 MENU menu program for CP M 9 NEWCAT enhanced disk catalog program 10 Single drive copy program that does track by track copies rather than file by file USERS DISK 11 Printer Utilities 1 Microline 92 printer routine 2 Graphics display package for MX 80 with Graftrax very fancy 3 Epson MX80 setup for BB 1 with 59 5K CP M 4 Epson MX8 setup for any CP M lets you set print modes 5 Micro Tek print driver Ports A amp B USERS DISK 12 Games for BB I 1 ALIENS a fast exciting arcade game 2 ZCHESS chess with a 1 6 level look ahead 3 MASTERMIND match wits with the computer 4 BIO Biorhythm charts complete with graphics on the BBI 5 LIFE so fast it s real animation 6 CRAPS see how much you d lose in Vegas 7 WUMPUS a caver s delight kill the Wumpus or be killed 8 PRESSUP similar to Othello 9 Games 7 games in one program includes blackjack maze and animal USERS DISK 13 General Utilities BB 1 1 ZZSOURCE disassembles to real Zilog mnemonics 2 EX14 superset of submit or supersub 3 MOVPATCH lets you use MOVECPM on other copies of CP M 4 XMON 3K expanded BB I monitor use in ROM or as overlay 5 CURSOR prompts you for cursor char you want 6 UMPIRE ve
16. Above PFM Y PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 3 12 81 4 MHz Mods Configuring Modem 7 Safer Formatter Reverse Video Cursor FORTHwords begins 16 pages ISSUE NO 4 2 82 Keyboard Translation More 4 MHz Mods Modems Lync and SIOs Undoing CP M ERASE Keyboard Encoder 20 pages ISSUE NO 5 4 82 Word Processing Two Great Spells Two Text Editors Double Density Review Scribble A Formatter 20 pages ISSUE NO 6 6 82 BB I EPROM Programmer Customize Your Chars Double Density Update Self Loading ROM Terminal in FORTH 24 pages ISSUE NO 7 8 82 6 Reviews of C Adding 6K of RAM Viewing 50 Hz On Your Own begins 24 pages ISSUE NO 8 10 82 Drive Maintenance Interfacing Drives Installing a New BIOS Flippy Floppies C ing Clearly begins Xerox 820 begins 28 pages ISSUE NO 9 12 82 BB II EPROM Program Relocating Your CP M Serial Print Driver Big Board I Fixes Bringing Up WordStar Cheap RAM Disk 32 pages ISSUE NO 10 2 83 Saving a Flaky Disk Hooking Wini to BB II The Disk Inspector JRT Fix Serial Keyboard Interface Pascal Procedures begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 11 4 83 BB I Expansions BB II Details Dyna RAM Disk Review Easier Reverse Video Cursor PlannerCalc Review KayPro Column begins 36 pages ISSUE NO 12 6 83 256K for BB I Bringing Up BB II dBase II Look at WordStar Double Sided Drives for BB I Packet Radio 5MHz Mod for KayPro 40 pages ISSUE NO 13 8 8
17. FORTH the language that gives you total control over your computer UNIFORTH is the only version of FORTH available either captured under an operating system such as CP M or standalone acting as its own operating system Our standalone versions are customized to your single board computer providing serial and parallel port support a real time clock formatting fast disk copy and disk access up to twice as fast as CP M All systems are FORTH 79 and include a video editor macro assembler debugger decompiler top notch documentation and much more Write for our free brochure or order direct from the special Micro C reader prices listed below UNIFORTH Version System Integer Floating Multi Multi Point Tasking User Big Board 60 100 125 150 Big Board Ii 80 125 150 200 Slicer 100 150 200 250 Any CPM 80 60 100 Unified Software Systems P O Box 2644 New Carrollton MD 20784 301 552 9590 DEC VAX POP RT 11 RSX 11 TM Digital Equipment Corp CP M TM Digital Research MSDOS TM Microsoft VIC 20 TM Commodore TC PROMPT DELIVERY SAME DAY SHIPPING USUALLY DYNAMIC RAM 256K 200 ns 69 00 64K 200 ns 5 87 64K 150 ns 5 99 64K 120 ns 7 50 16K 200 ns 1 56 EPROM 27128 300 ns 22 50 2764 250 ns 8 75 2732 450 ns 5 30 2716 450 ns 3 60 2532 450 ns 4 75 STATIC RAM 6264P 15 150 ns 39 00 6264LP 15 150 ns 41 00 6116P 3 150 ns 5 75 MasterCard VIS
18. Procedures continued on page 32 30 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Extended Pascal for your IBM PC APPLE CP M MS DOS CP M 86 CCP M 86 or CP M 80 computer features e Full screen interactive editor providing _a complete menu driven program development environment e 11 significant digits in floating point arithmetic _ Built in transcendental functions Dynamic strings with full set of string handling features Program chaining with common variables Introductory offer 49 95 THIS IS THE PASCAL COMPILER EVERYBODY S BEEN WAITING FOR EVERYBODY EXCEPT THE COMPETITION IBM Pascal 300K editor 225K editor Not Available 168K editor Locates Run Time errors directly in source code LEARN TO WRITE A SPREADSHEET Our introductory offer includes MICROCALC a spreadsheet written in Turbo Pascal It will be on your disk and ready to run And we ve included the source code to show you exactly how a spreadsheet is written Turbo Pascal includes a 250 page bound manual with extensive explana tions and many illustrative examples ee Benchmark data based on EightQueens in Algorithms Data Structures Programs by N Wirth run on an IBM PC Turbo Pascal is a trademark of Borland International MT is a trademark of MT MicroSystems IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Random access data files e Full support of opera
19. Saturday Evening western cookout followed by awards 10 00 Not So Anonymous Daniel Haney called to say that he is the person who turned me on to using tri flow and tri flon to lubricate disk drives He also mentioned that he is now running an RBBS It is 300 and 1200 baud 8 bits per character no parity one stop bit the standard configuration and the number is 703 759 6627 After all this he said he d be sending more drive information this time on pa per Thanks Dan David J Thompson Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Spal Are you signing your name with an X because spelling doesn t come easily Then you need SpellSys With this full feature package you can write prose with the pros SpellSys fea tures a 42 000 word dictionary and all the bells and whistles of those expensive checkers including rhyming crossword search letter unscrambling etc SpellSys is made up of a group of indiv idual programs which you can use toge ther or separately With SpellSys you can setup and maintain your own custom dictionary in addition to the main dic tionary These are real dictionaries not hash tables so you edit or remove words from your own dictionary at will MNIETAgCaNp LOW COST DISK CONTROLLER NOW FOR BB amp BBII LESS THAN 10 COMPLETE SAVE WEAR AND TEAR ON YOUR DISK DRIVES AND FLOPPIES WITH THE MODEL 38901 ALL SOLID STATE RELAY SMALL ENOUGH TO FIT EASILY INSIDE
20. Upload and Download Intel Hex Files Edit the data in the 16k byte memory buffer Define your own addresses for the memory buffer Complete screen error messages Software source included Menu driven Interfaces with most Z80 CP M systems options available later EPROM emulator Adapters for single chip processors alt prices shown are in US funds iIderfluke amp CO 420 Midway Drive Space 013 Anaheim Calif 92805 744 776 2207 WADE I Universal Interface Expander Use the WADE I U L E for Intelligent Communications Printer Buffer Parallel driven RAM disk System multiplexer P S to S P converter AND as a BIG BOARD I or XEROX 820 PORT EXPANDER Power requirements 5 volts 3A 12 volts 1A 1 Bareboard 85 95 2 Printer buffer EPROM 14 00 3 Printer buffer source on 8 SSSD diskette 25 00 4 4 MHz Kit 64k with printer buffer EPROM 359 00 5 4 MHz A T 64k with printer buffer EPROM 459 00 6 64k byte bank of RAM 8 4164s 200nsec 79 00 S H within N A 10 00 S H foreign orders 15 00 BIG BOARD XEROX 820 PORT EXPANDER interfaces through the Z80 CPU socket and 1 jumper to con nect the IEO IEI daisy chain adds 2 PIOs SIO CTC and a DMA controller FULL MODE 2 INTERRUPT OPERATION Works with 2 5MHz and 4MHz systems Complete documentation STAND ALONE U I E 256k bytes of RAM with DMA capability 4 fully buffered 8 bit parallel ports 4 Mhz use Z80A parts and 200 nsec dynamic RAM 2 5 MH
21. YOUR DISK DRIVE THE 3861 CAN BE INSTALLED IN MINUTES YOUR BIG BOARD WILL THEN TURN YOUR DRIVES ON AND OFF AUTOMATICALLY AS THEY ARE NEEDED FEATURES SMALL SIZE 1 75 X 1 49 X 0 35 FAST INSTALLATION DIAGRAM INCLUDED ZERO CROSSING ELIMINATES ALL SWITCHING NOISE TRIAC OUTPUT NO MECHANICAL PARTS DVDT FILTER INCLUDED LOW COST ONLY 8 88 EACH 1 YEAR WARRANTY 3 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA 1619 SOUTH MINNIE STREET SANTA ANA CALIFORNIA 92707 714 547 4316 CALIF RES ADD 6 SALES TAX ADD 1 88 POSTAGE amp HANDLING PLEASE SPECIFY BB OR BB II IT S EASY TO USE Just enter SPELLSYS select which disks you ll use and file you re checking Then SpellSys takes over Everything is self prompting so sit back and relax Word Review Operations show Context in file Lookup word in dictionary Misspelled correct file to put in user Dictionary Ignore Next word Previous word Exit review or any other key displays menu muZznmosron ORDER AT NO RISK Check out the manual and if you don t agree that SpellSys is a super bargain just return the package with the disk un opened within 30 days and we ll refund your money SPELLSYS 29 95 ppd in US amp Can Other Foreign add 5 00 Requires 32K CP M Formats 8 SS SD or 5 SS DD for KayPro Xerox Osborne Morrow Superbrain CP M is a trademark
22. because you provide the RAM Also check with them on the price for the unpopu lated color graphics board About Uniform This program takes infor mation from CPIM when it interfaces with drive A so drive A can be any type of drive II 4 or 8 Drive B however must be cor rect for your version of Uniform So if you have Uniform for the II then drive B has to be a single sided 40 track model Dear Editor Thad a real problem soldering parts onto the Xerox 820 board I got from BG Micro After I wrote to Billy about the problem I got a telephone call from him He apologized most profusely and thanked me for bringing the problem to his attention It turns out that about half of his boards are nickel plated and he is now including a warning notice with the board They can be soldered with a very hot iron but you have to avoid heating the joint too long or the solder will wick up into the socket This happened on to me on 4 pins He impressed me as a responsible businessman who wanted to keep me as a customer Victor R Frank 12450 Skyline Blvd Woodside CA 94062 Editor s note High quality circuit boards are sometimes plated with nickel before they are tinned My guess is that someone simply forgot the tin ning when they were manufacturing the boards Dear Editor _I tried the Gilderfluke Z19 graphics converter in my Kaypro and pulled it out It was not compatible with P P S software Al Paarmann 368 El
23. but it would be nice if it were silk screened and solder masked The docu mentation is clear but there is no parts list John says a parts list is coming Wiring U104 3 See Modifications to the BB step 2 216 Oswego Huntington Beach CA 92648 Figure 1 Wiring List for the 17717 Socket 1771 socket 2795 socket Pin Pin 1 5V 1 to 2795 pin 29 2 WE TO 2 3 CS TO 3 4 RE TO 4 5 A0 TO 5 6 Al TO 6 7 DALO TO 7 8 DAL 1 TO 8 9 DAL 2 TO 9 10 DAL 3 TO 10 11 DAL 4 TO 11 12 DAL 5 TO 12 13 DAL 6 TO 13 14 DAL 7 TO 14 15 STEP PH1 TO 15 16 DIRC PH2 TO 16 17 PH3 17 5 8 SELECT 18 3PM 18 RPW 19 MR TO 19 20 GND TO 20 21 45V TO 21 22 TEST TO 22 23 HLT TO 40 HLT NOTE PIN DIFFERENCE 24 CLK TO 24 25 XTDS 25 SSO 26 FDCLK 26 VCO 27 FDDATA TO 27 28 HLD TO 28 29 TG43 TO 29 30 WG TO 30 31 WD TO 31 32 READY TO 32 33 WF 33 WPW 34 TROO TO 34 35 IP TO 35 36 WPRT TO 36 37 DINT TO 37 DDSEL 38 DRQ TO 38 39 INTRQ TO 39 WO 12V 23 CHARGE PUMP Connect together the pin from the 1771 socket with the pin from the 2795 socket wherever there is a TO in the above table If there is no TO then the pins are not connected Parts List 1 WD 2795 controller 1 40 pin DIP socket 1 10K trim pot 1 50K trim pot 1 1K 1 4 watt resistor 1 1N914 diode 1 5 60 pf variable cap 1 15 uf capacitor 1 1 uf 25V bypass cap Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Wiring the 2795
24. cell usually 16 bits A double precision integer is 32 bits If a single precision value is under neath a double precision value on the stack you must use the word ROT to bring the 16 bit value to the stack top in stead of the usual SWAP The problem is further compounded if the floating point data type is added You can have single 32 bit or double 64 bit IEEE floating point numbers Software floating point may follow these formats or may be 48 bit as in some of Microsoft s languages or even 80 bit such as the 8087 temporary real One option is to divide data types into separate stacks Then you wouldn t be aware of the internal size of the floating point number or worry about having to rotate DO LOOP limits ahead of double precision integers before entering a loop Therefore FORTH systems tend to be divided into two camps those who use a single common stack for all data types Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 FORTH releases Think carefully and mail your choice to me indicating if possible which factors influenced your decision Next Month I will continue the User series with a discussion about menus and form gener ation Your replies to the survey will be evaluated We will also cover FORTH on the Slicer and on the SBS Z8000 The DELPHI SYSTEM 15 Megabyte HARD DISKS for KAYPRO XEROX 820 Big Board Televideo and S 100 computers 1 995 complete 15 megabyte hard disk
25. checks drive A for missing COM files improved commands 3 ZCPRBLOC identifies CCP location USERS DISK 5 1 CAT disk cataloging routines 2 Modem 7 for Port A 3 Modem 7 for Port B 4 PACMAN the arcade game 5 FAST buffers the disk to speed up assemblies 6 NOLOCK removes BB 1 shift lock 7 VERIFY cleanup amp verify a flaky disk 8 DUMPX enhanced for BB 1 9 UNLOAD create HEX file from COM file USERS DISK 6 1 REZ 8080 Z80 disassembler TDL mnemonics 2 PRINTPRN prints Crowe listings 3 RUNPAC run time utility package for 8080 assem bly language programs Has 51 functions Includes source which assembles under ASM USERS DISK 7 1 CHNGPFM PFM monitor mods 2 TERM terminal routines let you set up BB as simple terminal asa file receiver or as a file sender 3 Checkbook balancing package 4 Disk Utilities copy to memory from memory and dump USERS DISK 8 PESCO custom BDSC I O for BB 1 both h and c 2 YAM Yet Another Modem program in source amp COM form Turns BB into paging intelligent terminal complete with printer interface baud rates to 9600 3 ROFF text formatter 4 SIGNS prints large block letters USERS DISK 9 1 ADVENTURE expanded 550 pt version 2 Keyboard translation program 3 CBIOS serial amp parallel printer interface EN programming package for BB II for 2732s only USERS DISK 10 Lots of Disk Utilities 1 REBOOT sets up the CP M auto load 2 SWEEP directory file transer routine 3
26. code compiled 288 Bytes of data 8208 Bytes of stack heap 62176 18 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 lt a ee ay 2s ay at want Rat ayt ae a SBASIC Column By Staff Since we announced that Micro C was going to support SBASIC we ve been deluged by calls cards and let ters each writer feeling he is the lone SBASIC programmer And when he comments on the manual he sounds like the lone harranger We haven t seen such interest since the Banks raised their loan rates Well climb off your white horse masked programmer you re not alone The following is an index a better guide to SBASIC s trails than an Indian scout Ohnystly Of course finding the information in the manual might not help much so we ll be taking the manual on in pieces After using the manual one reader noted There is no doubt in my mind that a be ginner who could read the documenta tion and begin writing useful programs could get a PhD in Computer Science from MIT or Cal Tech without taking any course work The following index was constructed from the combined efforts of John Gruver and Rick Yount Bill Boulton supplied the note on the CALL proce dure Heeding the Call In the older editions of the manual the CALL statement is described on page 36 of Chapter 4 Control Structures par agraph 4 11 and in the appendix in the Ap Note dated June 1 1980 Merging and Using Assembly La
27. communications 5 Includes complete printed instructions for simple plug in installation takes 5 minutes Pro Monitor 4 for Kaypro 4 Watch Micro Cornucopia for more KayPro compatibles This ROM does everything the Pro Monitor II does only it s for a Kaypro 4 Though the ROM Call or write for information on the other KayPro Il that comes in your Kaypro 4 will run 4 or 5 MHz unlike the ROM that comes in the II this d 4 ROMS fi Mi C ROM also gives you an rom icro Cornucopia 1 Non blinking block cursor 2 Faster disk accesses 3 Throws away null characters 4 Complete printed instructions for simple plug in installation takes 5 minutes Pro Monitor 8 package for Kaypro 4 This ROM package does everything the Pro Monitor II and 4 do it will run at 5 MHz ignores KayPro II Schematic Package nulls has the fast disk accesses In fact even if you will be using your original 191K or 390K drives for now you can use this ROM package The Pro Monitor 8 features include 1 You get 784K per disk with quad density 96 tpi double sided Tandon 100 4 or equivalent Thisisa complete schematic of the KayPro drives 2 You can use any combination of Tandon 100 1 Kaypro II 100 2 Kaypro 4 or 100 4 logically laid outona single 24 x 36 sheet drives as drives A and B 3 You can boot from any disk with normal system tracks Kaypro Il Kaypro 4 or Kaypro 8 The disk needs no modification 4 You can choose
28. contribute spare change to the food pot Saturday evening we ll have an infor mal western cookout catered by an infor mal western cook who else During the dinner we ll also present some very spe cial awards to some very special people That got some chuckles around the of fice We re open to any contributions to the awards chest serious and otherwise I think you ll find the awards quite in teresting With your help we ll present an award in absentia we hope for the worst new software package of the year and for the most inscrutable documenta tion this award should make interest ing though painful reading I will also be giving out awards to some notable in dividuals for their past mis deeds should lead to some interesting accept ance speeches White Water Rafting Thursday Of course we ll have white water raft ing again this year In fact you ll have your choice of a full day of rafting or the 2 2 hour trip The full day includes transportation a box lunch and dinner afterward every one will be together for the dinner This is 14 miles of class 4 white water Every one gets to paddle and each boat has a professional guide safe but exciting The 21 2 hour trip is the same event that made such a splash at the last SOG see Issue 13 It includes the dinner and transportation Of course you may also opt for dinner only We have rented the fish hatchery a large log structure in Bend s
29. drive with plated media switching power supply and enclosure controller cables and CP M software DELPHI DEVELOPMENT 6273 19th Ave NE Seattle WA 98115 206 524 5369 C ing Clearly Column by Tony Ozrelic Oh No Not Again Yes it seems that your intrepid columnist has once again screwed up but first a little back ground I maintain a mailing list for my chiro practor in exchange for treatments That is Ihave my wife type the names in ona good day she can do 90 wpm and I process them that is I tell the computer to process them Having typed in about two hours worth of names my wife was ready to have the files saved and I was anxious to get back to work i I saved the file and when I called up the directory to see how bigit was XDIR told me it was right around zero kbytes long After I stopped screaming I looked at the amount of space left over on the disk 4 Kbytes No wonder it couldn t save a 20 Kbyte file There wasn t room forit Ugh Now how does one go about saving 2 hours of typing After I calmed down I began to think The first thing I did was save all of memory by typing save 255 beverly This saved all 64k of ram into a file named BEVERLY I used another disk which had room on it this time Next I loaded my ramdisk with my trusty Q C C compiler and associated program de velopment tools and started typing in a program that would eventually skim all the ASCII
30. expansion E DMA The new Ferguson computer has a Z80 A DMA chip that will allow byte wise data transfers at 500 K Bytes per Second and bit serial transfers via the Z80 A SIO at 880 Kbits per second with minimal processer overhead When a hard disc subsystem is added the DMA chip makes impressive disk performance possible CAL TEX COMPUTERS INC fm 780 E TRIMBLE ROAD 504 e SAN JOSE CA 95131 e 408 942 1424 545 UNKIT SIZE 8 75 x 15 5 POWER 5V 3A 12V 0 1A E SASI Interface for Winchester Disks Our Big Board II implements the Host portion of the Shugart Associates Systems Interface Adding a Winchester disk drive is no harder than attaching a floppy disk drive A user simply 1 runs a fifty conductor ribbon cable from a header on the board to a Xebec controller that costs only 295 and impiements the controller portion of the SASI interface 2 cables the controller to a Seagate Technology ST 506 hard disk or one compatible with it and 3 provides power for the controller card and drive Since our CBIOS contains code for communicating with hard disks that s alla user has to do to add a Winchester to a system Two Synchronous Asynchronous Serial Ports With a Z80 A SIO O and a Z80 A CTC as a baud rate generator the new Ferguson computer has two full RS232 C ports It autobauds on both A Parallel Keyboard Port Four Other Parallel Ports for User I O The new Cal Tex single board compute
31. into the 1771 Socket WD 2795 WD 1771 SOCKET 18 lt lt MR 19 GND 20 t5V 2I TEST 22 Hur 23 CLK 24 XTDS 25 lt FDCLK 26 lt FDDATA 27 HLD 28 TG43 29 WG 30 WD 3i Reavy 32 WE 323 lt TRoo 34 IP 35 WPRT 36 DDEN 37 DRR 38 INTR 39 40 lt SSS SSS aE a Re a Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 RP M By the author of Hayden s CP M Revealed New resident console processor RCP and new resident disk operating system RDOS replace CCP and BDOS without TPA size change User 0 files common to all users user number Visible in system prompt file size and user assignment displayedby DIR cross drive command file search paged TYPE display with selectable page size SUBMIT runs on any drive with multiple command files conditionally invoked by CALL An automatic disk flaw processing mechanism isolates unuseable sectors For high capacity disk systems RDOS can provide instantaneous directory access and delete redundant nondismountable disk logins RPMGEN andGETRPMautomatically self install RP M on any computer currently running CP M 2 2 Source program assembly listings of RCP and RDOS appear in the RP M user s manual Manual alone 55 manual with RPMGEN COM and GETRPM COM with utilities on 8 SSSD 75 Shipping 5 10 nonUS MC VISA microMethods P O Box G Warrenton OR 97146 118 SW First St 503 861 1765 ABLE II VT INTELLIGENT STAND ALONE VIDEO TE
32. is five shapes wide eleven shapes high and requires a printer capable of printing at least 132 columns wide Printers capable of 80 columns can print flowcharts three shapes wide A full sized flowchart printed at ten characters per inch and eight lines per inch is thirteen inches wide and twenty inches high reducing such a flowchart by 50 yields a standard page sized chart The example chart shown here was a full sized chart that was reduced Special printer programs are available for printers such as the MX80 MX100 and u92 which allow flowcharts to be produced on standard 8 5 x 11 paper directly EasyFlow comes equipped with twenty standard flowcharting shapes User defined shapes can be easily added to cover just about any application it is as simple as editing the EasyFlow configuration file which defines the shapes x DRAFTSMEN x OFFICE MANAGERS x BANKERS x SERVICE PEOPLE TECHNICAL WRITERS CONSULTANTS x PROGRAMMERS x YOU 2822848282222328 START 282382382222333 v ps 2 8822228888222233 amp 8 t 8 THE SIO 8 amp JUMPER t gt 28 SIO PIN 6 TO 8 2 PIN 7 8 z t 3 OPTIO 2 INSTALLED 8 gs 8 2 8 8 3882383833222333 lt m un N cennete 8 c t A THE CTC amp JUMPER GPPIO 8 OPTION 3 gt 8 IN 22 TO 8 amp INSTALLED amp PIN 24 s g 3 3 NO 8 8 Ssersssesesssszers v 8882383833382232 3 STOP 8883222224282 In addition to user defina
33. m in Perfect writer because if I accidentally enter cntl C I get dumped back to the system and lose my text If you would like to pass on my thanks to the authors here is my list of favorite Micro C Kaypro Disk Software 1 Adventure I can t deny it first place 2 D COM 3 FMAP UCAT CAT I love good doc umentation CP M 2 2 License and disk for Scull Tek Big Board Reconfiguration of above for Ferguson Big Board or Xerox 820 00 CP M manuals 2ccecpitactawowesdeneeeeek ee C DIFF file compare utility for CP M With an assortment of public domain utilities to fill the disk Wabash 8 inch SSSD diskettes deed e sek neve egies 10 for 30 00 plus 2 shipping per box of 10 CP M Public Domain Software Collections i Add 2 00 each to copy CPMUG RCPM or SIGM disks onto new disks Specify which disk numbers you want There are over 200 disks full of public domain software available in these three collections The best way to find out what is available is to order a box of 10 disks plus 20 for copying and specify that you want the catalogs and abstracts which wil fill all ten then after you read the abstracts order the disks you have picked Out Quantity discounts and custom CP M configurations available Send 1 for catalog which describes the above and other items in more detail RILCOX ENTERPRISES P O BOX 395 e NAUVOO ILLINOIS 62354 e 217 453 2345 Illinois residents a
34. money order today to HavenTree Software Limited R R 1 Seeley s Bay Ontario Canada KOH 2NO 613 542 7270 SLICER COLUMN continued it is very fast I have one here but have not written any drivers for it yet Maybe itis time I got going Meanwhile if speed is super important get one of the new memory boards On a 512K Slicer you can set up a 400K memory disk Speeding Up CPM86 Here is an interesting experiment which reveals something about CP M First reset the Slicer while CP M is run ning This will put you in the monitor with CP M still intact in memory Then try this G80 2500 2518 80 2500 is the CP M cold start location It is a good way to return to CP M from the monitor without booting a disk 2518 is the jump table location for the BIOS home disk function So control will re turn to the monitor when CP M tries to home the drive After the sign on mes sage in place of the familiar disk prompt you ll see a Now type T G 2518 amp Don t type return yet let me explain this command T is for trace it displays the registers like the X command and executes one instruction G 2518 says to start executing code at the present loca tion but set a breakpoint at 2518 The amp says repeat the command Putting all this together CP M will run normally except that each time it calls the BIOS home disk function the CPU registers are displayed The point of doing this is to see how
35. moved is tied to the common pin by a switch closure l On my particular stick diagonal posi tions are coded by closing two switches For example moving the stick to the po sition between up and right closes the up and right pins on the plug If we decide to let the signals be active low the inter face design becomes obvious Using the programmable PIO to our best advantage the hardware design is trivial Fach of the signal pins can be pulled up by 10K resistors and the com mon pin tied to ground Now only the direction pins closed by the stick will be pulled low Decoding the joy stick becomes a matter of deter mining which of the pins is low and translating it to a direction The only hardware needed to com plete the interface is a connector 5 10K resistors and a bypass capacitor The connector is usually called a 9 position subminiature D male connector I found one at Radio Shack for 1 99 RS part 276 1537 It had solder type connec tions on the back side The color graphics board has provi sions for a 14 pin socket for the joy stick connections but it is just as easy to sol der jumpers between the D connector and the solder pads where the socket would go Using this method would also save the price of two 14 pin sockets anda 14 pin dip jumper If you re careful you can build up the terminating network on the color board itself Selecting the VDP or the PIO The VDP chip uses the same address as the B si
36. of Digital Research P O Box 65 Bend OR 97709 mc 503 382 8048 Visa 12 GREEN ball brothers TV 12 monitor in en closure 19x16 5x14 Room for mounting BB1 BB2 amp X820 type SBC s 8 drive s amp power supply see below Needs 15 Vdc 1 2 Amp Non composite separate sync in put Used amp 100 Tested MONITOR amp ENCLOSURE 30 65 00 Matching keyboard amp enclosure 19x4x5 77 keys Non functional lighted pushbuttons on far right missing sold only with monitor KEYBOARD amp ENCLOSURE 6 45 00 Unregulated power supply outputs 9 v 10 A 30 vct 2 A 18v 1 5A 14 v 0 5 A Includes transformer capacitors rectifiers amp heatsinks Add 3 terminal regulators for cheap power Removed from used equipment UN REG POWER SUPPLY 25 15 00 Regulated power supplyu 6 outputs 5v 4A 12v 0 2 A 24v 1 2A 24v 0 2A 15v 2 6 A 14x4x3 10 lbs New REGULATED POWER SUPPLY 35 00 ARKON ENGINEERING PO BOX 60 Rome NY 13440 315 336 4381 anytime or 339 2232 evenings TERMS Prepaid or UPS COD CASH OR CERTIFIED CHECKS ONLY The Little Board Quantity One 349 The world s simplest and least expensive single board computer HELIX Winchester Disk Drives H 5 5 mb sub system A amp T 1840 H 10 10 mb sub sysem A amp T 2120 H 17 17 mb sub system A amp T 2280 H 23 23 mb sub system A amp T 2400 Parts
37. of these controls can be defined with user patches I use cntl PR for 12 cpi cntl PQ for 17 cpi and cntl PW for double width The control for 10 cpi will be explained below The following is a summary of user patches entl PQ 1Dh 17 cepi entl PW 1Fh double width Width doubled entl PE 1Bh ESC lead in Escape sequence entl PR 1Ch 12 cpi Reduced printing The normal pitch 10 cpi can be set with the pitch controls cntl PA and cntl PN Both commands must be used for this function WordStar will only issue the command sequence for cntl PN if the last pitch control was a cntl PA l The alternate pitch mode entered with cntl PA should not be used to print anything In this mode WordStar will is sue the command sequence for cntl PA at the start of every line and issue the command sequence for cntl PN at the end of every line These control sequences can be de fined in the pitch control section of WIN STALL The alternate pitch command sequence cntl PA should be empty The normal pitch command sequence cntl PN should be 1Eh for 10 cpi When editing a document in WordStar the normal pitch is invoked with cntl PA cntl PN It is used to return from 12 cpi 17 cpi or double width modes Superscript and Subscript Some of the printer functions may have alternate definitions Superscript and subscript may be defined with their escape sequence or with the standard WordStar controls cntl PT for super script and cntl PV
38. plastic case and built in RS232 cable NEW PRODUCTS FOR BBI AND KAYPRO All those who have lusted after several add ons for the Big Board I but been discouraged by the shortage of parallel ports take notice Now you can run all the add ons at once with the Parallel Port Expander 119 assembled 60 board instructions eight I O ports compatible with Big Board I and Kaypro II amp IV operate 2 parallel printers rom burner hard disk and Dynadisk And if you are a real hog parallel four expanders for 32 ports THE ULTIMATE 255 CONTINUOUS CHARACTER AND REVERSE VIDEO CURSOR BIG BOARD I AND KAYPRO II MOD Now you can have a significant increase in the writing power of your system with the ability to key in display edit and print 212 characters including continuous line graphics Other features are blinking or constant reverse video cursor character sets to match NEC 8023 and C Itoh Prowriter printers key labels integration with Perfect Writer and improvements in BBI and Kaypro monitor roms NEC Extended character set C Itoh has same set just re arranged PRS OPP EDEO KEY IE CS PEW OS k Rey BEE NO LAUTAT P TEUN EM MSK OS AH mm mem ERR 4474 POH ira ts ee VJ F F 4 4AF tvoto a y D a et The Ultimate Video Mod sessesesesoosseoooosooosooooosoeoo 149 00 Assembled includes monitor and character roms and key labels Perfect Writer configur
39. should normally close all files DELETE FILE B NEWWEEK THIS GIVES FILE CURRENTLY OPEN MESSAGE I spoke with Ashton Tate while in Los Angeles they suggested the following fix which does work SAVE TO TEMPMEMO CLEAR USE DELETE FILE B NEWWEEK RESTORE FROM TEMPMEMO Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 E Z PROMMER EPROM PROGRAMMER FOR THE BIG BOARD AND XEROX 820 FEATURES e Supports 2716 2732 2732A 2764 e Easily installed with only two connections e No external supply needed all power derived from 5 Volts e All power controlled by software e Extensive MENU driven soft ware to Read Program Save Load Verify CRC check Dump Erase check complete with source code Over one year of troublefree use EZPROMMER A amp T w Harness Disk 125 Kit with Disk APL CHARACTER GENERATOR FOR XEROX 820 1 Upgrade kit allows the 820 II to display all the standard charac ters and attributes while permit ting the display of all APL char acters Kit includes ROM and software APL UPGRADE KIT 49 95 NY RES ADD LOCAL TAX POSTAGE AND HANDLING 2 00 VISA MC CHECK or COD 716 377 0369 OPTRONICS OF ECUNOL OGY P O BOX 81 PITTSFORD NY 14534 Integrated BIOS for BB II This BIOS adds special features for floppy and winchester users Floppies Read and write almost any 8 and or 5 disk format 20 formats included KayPro Osborne IBM Use any type of
40. there you could remove this check from the BIOS On the latest EPROMS I have replaced the recalibrate command with a test drive ready This gives you the same information but is much faster SASI Port We were running the SASI port with three wait states On a 6 MHz Slicer this is too long Some experimentation showed that two wait states worked for both 6 MHz and 8 MHz You can change the wait states by changing a register in the 80186 s peri pheral control block To change to two wait states change the least significant bit of FFA2H and FFA6H in the I O space to 0 The 80186 data sheet has the details Also in some of the early 1 3 EPROMS the timer s time constant was not set This can be fixed by outputting 9C40H 4000 decimal to I O location FF62H Use 3000 decimal for a 6 MHz Slicer Winchester Controllers I am now convinced that the Xebec controller is very slow I have tried sev eral different things to speed up the hard disk operation with very little luck A number of folks who have used the Xebec on other systems tell me it is slow on theirs In fact I have been able to opti mize floppy operations enough that the hard disk does not seem any faster than my 8 floppy I know that one Slicer owner is run ning an Adaptec controller and she says Slicer Column continued on page 18 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 FLOWCHARTER ENGINEERS TEACHERS x EXECUTIVES SYSTEMS ANALYS
41. to eliminate potential noise and glitches Z 80 CPU Running at 2 5 MHZ Handles all 4116 RAM refresh and supports Mode 2 INTERUPTS Fully buffered and runs 8080 software SERIAL I O OPTIONAL Full 2 channels using the Z80 SIO andthe SMC 8116 Baud Rate Generator FULL RS232 For synchronous or asynchronous communication tn synchronous mode the clocks can be transmitted or received by amodem Both channels can be set up for either data communication or data terminals Supports mode 2 Int Price for all parts and connectors 39 95 BASIC I O Consists of separate parallel port 280 PIO for use with an ASCII encoded keyboard for input Output would be on the 80 x 24 Video Display BLANK PC BOARD 99 95 The blank Big Board PC Board comes complete with full documentation including schematics the character ROM the PFM 3 3 MONITOR ROM and a diskette with the source of our BIOS BOOT and PFM 3 3 MONITOR i FEATURES Remember all this on one board eee RE ares ba Pe ee ai SES s ARA Se Px ots Sy eta tan K3 DO EEES A ENIA AO CRE Poses amp OS VR OEE RO WANT MORE INFO Full Documentation and Schematics 5 Se ee Te Te PEKEE ER DOES EES es ee SRE Ree ERS St Nr EEE ets ERE te tet x ESS EEE SE ROE EE Se A E satan e Big Q 64k Kit BASIC 1 0 SIZE 8 x 13 IN SAME AS AN 8 IN DRIVE REQUIRES 5V 3 AMPS 12V 5 AMPS 24 x 80 CHARACTER VIDEO With a cr
42. to recommend the package to anyone either currently using Pascal or interested in learning the lan guage 32 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Turbo Pascal is available from Borland International 4807 Scotts Valley Dr Scotts Valley CA 95066 408 438 8400 Office 800 227 2400 X 968 Orders only PASCAL ILLUSTRATIONS TABLE 1 Turbo MT JRT Accuracy lt 11 lt 6 lt 14 digits Range 1E 38 1E 18 1E 63 TABLE 2 Program Turbo MT JRT Sieve 23s 2383 375s Fptest lt 1s 3s 23 Tstlog 23 6s 18s Tstsin 1 53 6s 5s All tests run on 4MHz Kaypro timing from bell to bell For Turbo compile times memory to memory were lt 1 sec for all four test programs for MT compile amp link times were less than 2 min and for JRT compiles were in the 40 sec range Default compiler options were used in all cases Listing 1 program sieve const size 8190 var flags array 0 size of boolean i1 prime k count iter integer begin writeln 10 Iterations chr 7 for iter 1 to 10 do begin count 0 i for i 0 to size do flags i true for i 0 to size do if flags i then begin prime i i 3 writeln prime k i prime while k lt size do begin flags k false k k prime end count count 1 end end writeln count primes chr 7 end The Sieve of Eratosthenes from Byte Jan 1983 This program tests general execution speed o
43. to the repeat command so you could have it repeat for say 10 itera tions or until something happened Floppy Drive Fix When I changed the floppies step rate from 6 ms to 3 ms they would do every thing but boot The problem was that during a restore the head would move out to track 0 and immediately step back in a track or two Unfortunately at 3 ms the first step in was read as a step out by the drive so I added a short delay to the restore and the problem went away The problem didn t show up in regular oper ation since a seek was followed by a read or write so there was no quick change in direction Upgrade Policy A major upgrade from I 2 to I 3 costs 25 We send a new set of EPROMS and a disk with the monitor source the latest BIOS and other utilities We ask recipi We do not make any money on the up grades but we want all Slicer owners to have the latest software happy custom ers are our best advertising So it is fine with us if a group of Slicer owners want to go in together and buy an upgrade and then make copies for themselves Bug Killing When we released monitor I 3 and BI OS 3 0 I was sure I had finally written prefect software Editor s note That s how Earl spelled perfect which goes to show you that even perfect isn t al ways prefect Or whatever Well we are now shipping monitor I 3E and BIOS 3 2 The differences are small and I ve mentioned most of
44. we spent the last half of the vacation on a guided tour of vacant houses Take my word for it real estate agents are not cut out to be travel guides Finding the right house was a night mare because we needed space for living and space for Micro C After searching for three months we finally signed the papers on our house and started mov ing In early November 1982 we were actually here Micro C was running a bit late but we were settled in and we had lots of space the whole daylight base ment for Micro C Well in one year we went from two of us Sandy and me to five Dana Dorcas and Alice But five weren t enough and our basement was quickly becoming a compression chamber as attendees to SOG 2 can attest So we purchased a small house in a commercial district for Micro C It s a neat feeling little place right on the edge of downtown And we purchased it so we d have space for two more people Eric Text Co processor Our latest addition is Eric Belden Eric has a bachelor s in math and a masters in journalism and he has been teaching computer literacy and math at our local community college Eric is trying to fill the One good person spot So far he feels he is in way over his head which means he feels like the rest of us Eric will be receiving the article sub missions and columns so I will have more time to handle the serious business of publishing such as making sure the garbage
45. weeks My initial version was 2 02 I then up dated to 2 3 and now have a 2 4 for eval uation I suspect that this evaluation copy may have some bugs as it does not perform programs previously written using version 2 02 as fast nor with the same degree of reliability as previous versions Unfortunately programs must run under 2 4 particularly memory files in order to compile them using the db code package Also I did find that some conditionals that work effectively using dBasell give syntax error messages un der Runtime See Figure 1 These may seem like small changes however they increase the number of USE B JOBCOST 81 Parriwi Road Mosman Australia NSW 2088 disk accesses and slow program execu tion In addition there is the time to lo cate the problems A major improvement for Australian and European users has been the option toinput dates in the DD MM YY format or MM DD YY as is standard in most American software This can be specified at the time of installation in version 2 4 See Figure 2 for the new commands Without doubt the most major fault I have found has been the inability to de lete temporary files which are created by combining data from a primary and sec ondary file See Figure 3 for listing However now you have to remove TEMPMEMO when exiting the program with the instruction l QUIT TO ERA TEMPMEMO MEM Ihave been a registered user of dbasell since the early days and my serial num
46. your editor needs If so you ll need to find out which characters it needs and then add them to the istext function For those using other C compilers please note that the input file ramfile is opened as a binary file not a text file The reason is that CP M text files con tain a control Z to flag the end of the file Since we are trying to skim a file that may be loaded with control Z s we have to open the file so that we can read each and every character up to the end of the file without fainting at the sight of a control Z Potential Problems Other compilers may not let you open a binary file so you may have to use the lower level functions open and read to read the file properly Also my homebrew editor does not like lines of text longer than 80 charac ters so I included a bit of code to cut off lines to this length This was not too suc cessful but at least it worked well enough to allow me to edit my file Coming Up I have just gotten my 512 by 480 bit mapped graphics board up and running Iam busily trying to write some software for it so I can play games and do some CAD Computer Aided Design work More information about that project in the next issue Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 CP M GAME DISCS 8 9 95 EACK From BASIC COMPUTER GAMES Disc 1 50 Games Disc 2 50 Games From MORE BASIC COMPUTER GAMES Disc 3 50 Games Disc 4 38 Games Disc 5
47. 01 SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER CHASSIS AND REGULATED POWER SUPPLIES COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED AND TESTED Cabinet size 20 w x 22 4 d x 7 5 h Cabinet painted dove grey front back and side accents black Mounts 2 SHUGART SA851R EIGHT INCH FLOPPY DISK DRIVES or MECHANICAL EQUIVALENT Lighted reset switch on front panel Lamp supplied but not connected 4 DB25 1 Delta 50 4 Centronics connector cutouts two switched ac receptacles 6 three wire line cord EMI filter 7OCFM fan with washable dust filter line fuse power switch on rear panel P2904 removable module power supply 5 3A 12 5A 12 5A for computer 5 2 5A 24 2 5A 4A peak 5 25A for disk drives Includes power cable from power supply to computer unter minated wires at computer end and power cable to 2 disk drives specify single or double sided drives when ordering POWER SUPPLY amp ENCLOSURE AVAILABLE SEPARATELY INIECN4ND 8620 Roosevelt Ave Visalia CA 93294 209 651 1203 We accept BankAmericard Visa and MasterCard FOR THE II AND 4s GRAPHICS ADAPTER FOR KAYPRO COMPUTERS This simple board adds most of the features of the popular Heath Zenith H 19 terminal to your Kaypro These include Reverse Video Character Mode Graphics and other advanced features And because it emulates an existing terminal there is a wealth of Graphics Game and Business Software packages already available for it On all but those machines in which the ICs
48. 1 552 1295 more quickly than seeing his 200 pro gram crashing the first time he mis counts the number of arguments If pos sible much of this extensive error processing should be switchable a sin gle flag that can turn it on or off Types of Errors For the purposes of this column I will divide errors into three categories hard ware compilation and execution System programmers like the 8088 and the 68000 because they can detect hardware errors Just like mainframes if you try to divide by zero address nonex istent memory or execute an illegal op code the CPU recognizes your error and traps to an interrupt table Hopefully either you or your operat ing system has placed an error handling routine in the table that informs the user of the error before aborting Think I m kidding Divide 23 by 0 and see what happens The Z80 could care less so you have to catch the error before it occurs To me hardware errors should be fa tal In this case the interpreter compiler should output an error message and exe cute an ABORT sequence before asking for more input There are classes of fa tal though Where possible use FORTH not the underlying operating system to trap the error For example a word fetch from an odd address with the 68000 results in a trap CP M 68K will service this error by aborting the current task A FORTH user would then have to restart his session Compilation Errors Compilat
49. 1200 each Kaypro Disk K2 Utilities The following are full disks of software assembled specifically for the KayPro Each program has a DOC documentation file and many come with source KayPro Disk K8 Small C Version 2 Source This disk contains the source written in Small C of the Small C version 2 compiler Get K8 if you want to try extending the compiler You must have K7 KayPro Disk K9 ZCPR ZCPR The big news on this disk is the self installing version ZCPR available only from Micro C Once you have ZCPR in your CP M you ll never go back to straight CP M For instance ZCPR searches drive A for any program not found on drive B so even an empty disk in drive B appears to contain every program on A It s great for text editors compilers etc Plus many more new features to make CP M easier to live with In fact Digital Research incorporated many features of ZCPR into CP M 3 0 Works on KayPro II and 4 PASWORD Lets you encrypt and decrypt your precious files Includes source EX14 a super replacement for SUBMIT Plus many more TREK FIX FIND SNOOPY ALIENS and DIF2 KayPro Disk K10 Assemblers We ve received a lot of requests for a Z80 assembler So Dana put in some long hours getting the Crowe Z80 assembler to run on the KayPro and every other Z80 machine CROWECPM This is a first class Z80 assem bler We use this assembler daily and we included its source Takes standard Zilog mnemonics LASM
50. 3 Extending MicroSphere s Color Graphics System By Dana Cotant We don t often promote add on boards for the computers we support but there is a local group that is producing a really nice color graphics board for the Kaypro II and 4 as well as the Big Board I The board is designed around the Tex as Instruments 9918 video display proc essor VDP The 9918 has all the block graphics capabilities of most standard graphics systems plus it is capable of sprite graphics A sprite is an opaque image that can easily be manipulated by software con trol To move the sprite only requires writing the x and y coordinates to the VDP Moving images on a standard block graphics system requires remov ing the image from its present location and replotting it at its new location This can be very cumbersome The sprite graphics system is much faster and easi er to program One thing very nice about this system is that you use an external color monitor for the graphics This means you will have your original screen for such things as menus Anyone who has worked with a graphics that swaps back and forth be tween two screen images one for text and one for the graphics image knows how time consuming and irritating it can be Programming the Color Graphics Board The board comes with an impressive amount of software One of the disks contains graphics editors which give you complete control over shapes patterns and colors on
51. 3 CP M Disk Directory More 256K for BB I Mini Front Panel Cheap Fast Modem Nevada Cobol Review BB I Printer Interface KayPro Reverse Video Mod 44 pages ISSUE NO 14 10 83 BB II Installation The Perfect Terminal Interface to Electronic Typewriter BB I Video Size Video Jitter Fix Slicer Column starts KayPro Color Graphics Review 48 pages ISSUE NO 15 12 83 Screen Dump Listing Fixing Serial Ports Playing Adventure SBASIC Column Begins Upgrading KayPro II to 4 Upgrading KayPro 4 to 8 48 pages ISSUE NO 16 2 84 Xerox 820 Column Restarts BB I Double Density BB II 5 8 Interface Fix KayPro ZCPR Patch Adding Joystick to Color Graphics Recovering Text from Memory 52 pages CP M 86 DISKS DISK 86 1 Disk Utilities D CMD A86 SD CMD A86 XDIR CMD A86 Three extended directory pro ame Each does it differently so we included all three FILE EXT CMD AS86 Disk status program with good display format PAGE CMD A8 A text paging program Dis plays 24 lines at a time PRINT CMD A86 File printing routine Puts a header at the top of each page along with page number and file name MUCHTEXT CMD A86 Counts words and lines in a text file s ERQ CMD A86 Selective file erase program Displays all selected files and then asks you one at a time for a Y N INUSE CMD A86 Prints In Use on your terminal and asks for a password It will not release the console until you enter the passwo
52. 45 501 8842 Telex 3822320 SPACIF J MOUNTAIN SIDE COMPUTER INC will be incorporated in U S Assembled amp Tested CP M PLUS 8 compatible Disk Drive 1 2mb double track quad density 999 RAM DISK BOARD NEC7220 Graphic Board with GSX 68000 CP M 68K Board will be available soon CP M PLUS GSX RMAC MAC ED and SID are trademarks of Digital Research Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 25 FORTHwords Column by Arne A Henden This month s column starts a multi part series entitled Interfacing with Us ers It is geared towards the individual or company wishing to market a FORTH based product but virtually all of the concepts discussed are also impor tant for the home FORTH enthusiast But first a word from the vendors Native Mode Compilation Laboratory Microsystems has intro duced their native mode compiler for their FORTH systems As I understand it you first develop your application in your normal manner You can then opti mize specific high level words by defin ing them with COMPILE instead of and then recompiling They quote a six times increase in speed over standard FORTH Is this true I don t know because I haven t used the new compiler Howev er there are several ways of making any high level word faster at the expense of memory space The easiest is to un nest high level words For example if you define TEST KEY IF ECHO THEN
53. 5 and or 8 drive SS DS 40 tracks 77 tracks 80 tracks Boot from any format of disk Winchester Winchester formatter with check for bad sectors automatically assigns alternate track s for track s with bad sectors Winchester sysgen can make the winchester drive A Also includes codes for New BB II monitor with all known bugs fixed Note You must already be running the Bakker s 8 and 5 interface available from Micro C before installing the integrated BIOS Price 129 95 SASI Interface for BB I and Xerox 820 I Includes Card BIOS Formatter and Sysgen Price 99 95 ANDY BAKKERS De Gervelink 12 7591 DT Denekamp The Netherlands GET IN THE FAST LANE WITHOUT BURNING YOUR WALLET with a U S ROBOTICS 1200 BAUD MODEM Product Features Price List 1 4 5 mix Auto Dial 212A 1200 300 baud auto answer dial 599 425 405 Password Coat pocketable Auto Dial 212A 449 339 319 S 100 Auto Dial 212A on an S 100 card 449 350 325 Telpac Modem Software from USR 2 200000 0 79e 0 69 02 59 Lamp Modem Software from Widener Consulting 20 20 Latest Technology Fewer Parts Two Year Warranty All units are direct connect full or half duplex 212A software compatible with the Hayes Smartmodems The Auto Dial has two RJ11C jacks analog selftest status LEDs and a metal case Password has a smaller
54. 9 101 131 140 ASCII S ASC S 39 114 ASCII 34 37 39 43 45 77 88 89 102 105 114 117 118 136 138 ASCII files amp channel s 102 105 Assembly language routines 140 148 ATN R 39 114 Attaching and detaching files from a file channel 93 B BAD CHANNEL NUMBER Error 64 BASE Storage 39 47 50 64 100 130 137 145 BASED Storage 39 47 50 64 100 130 137 145 Base located area See BASE Based variables see BASED BASIC 32 BAS File Extension 3 4 36 BEGIN END 20 21 24 25 34 37 39 51 52 65 67 70 128 145 Binary file 136 Binary disk format 96 105 Block structure 20 21 24 26 33 34 51 53 65 67 68 C CALL Machine Lang 39 128 140 148 CASE 26 34 39 66 67 135 CCP 136 138 140 CHAIN 39 71 73 128 140 CHANNEL BASIC I 0 74 102 103 CHANNEL DISK FILE 90 105 CHAR Variable type 14 16 22 30 34 41 44 46 48 49 69 76 77 100 107 140 145 147 CHR I CHR I 30 39 110 114 CLOSE 39 95 97 134 Comma 75 76 78 80 84 104 109 131 Commands compilation 122 127 COMMENT 10 35 39 40 132 145 COM COMMON Storage area 39 47 48 50 53 130 a E AA Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 20 Console 39 74 79 103 121 131 CNTL C TRAP 39 77 129 Control Statements 61 lt CONTROL gt statements MR 77 nsr 27 nT 27 nyn TT COS R 115 CREATE Disk File 39 92 135 D D Dummy device character 102 103 DATA 39 88 89 128 Data types 34 41 44 Data Storage Area 45
55. A Order 1 800 241 8003 ext 2537 Check or Money Order payable to EProm Eraser Co 1753 Tully Circle Atlanta Ga 30329 Big Board and Xerox 820 EPROM programmer kit aoe Backed by our Money Back Customer Satisfaction Policy One of the BEST values in EPROM programmers Plugs into parallel port Kit includes all parts including ribbon cable and ZIF socket User friendly menu driven software written in BDS C Includes all 1800 lines of source code Verifies erased EPROMs Programs Displays contents in Hex and ASCII Saves EPROM to disk Loads EPROM from disk Verifies programming Calculates EPROMs checksum Programs 2516 2716 5V and 2532 EPROMs Send for a complete documentation package or send your check or money order in the amount of 80 in U S funds includes 5 shipping and handling for immediate delivery N Y State residents add 7 sales tax Kenmore Computer Technologies P O Box 635 Kemmore NY 14217 716 877 0617 795 ASSEMBLED amp TESTED NEW LOWER PRICES NOW IN UNKIT FORM TOO BIG BOARD II 4 MHz Z80 A SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER WITH SASI HARD DISK INTERFACE Jim Ferguson the designer of the Big Board distributed by Digital Research Computers has produced a stunning new computer that Cal Tex Computers has been shipping for a year Called Big Board II it has the following features 4 MHz Z80 A CPU and Peripheral Chips The new Fergus
56. A or UPS CASH COD Factory New Prime Parts uPoo MICROPROCESSORS UNLIMITED 24 000 South Peoria Ave BEGGS OK 74421 918 267 4961 Prices shown above are for Feb 16 1984 Please call for current amp volume prices Prices subject to change Please expect higher prices on some parts due to world wide shortages Shipping and Insurance extra Cash discount prices shown Small orders received by 6 PM can usually be delivered to you by the next morning via Federal Express Standard Air 5 99 z MICRO CORNUCOPIA The Single Board Systems Journal P O BOX 223 BEND OREGON 97709 bry S z 2 Q azi oO 4 gt Q ico a j ti te mo divd aADVLSOd Sn keo o 3 aod ILVA WINA T Z 9 A tN J
57. Computer Systems Digita saves chasing connectors 2 00 8 00 Research Zilog Inc and Bell Laboratories respectively Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 EPIC SALES Outstanding Buys in Disc Drives SIEMENS FD 200 8P THE QUALITY EQUIVALENT TO THE SHUGART 850 851 These Drives are compatible without modifications They are burned in amp quality checked prior to shipment Manuals are included without cost 229 00 gt gt 514 WINCHESTER 10 Megabyte Vapaony 4 599 00 oe Model ST 412 Factory Fresh Hacker s Kit Host interfaces controller cards software interconnect cables and power supplies are available for the following computers IBM XEROX 820 1 S 100 APPLE XEROX 820 2 MULTIBUS ALL SOFTWARE 20 00 WD 1001 Controller 195 00 Aztec Switching Power EEP 95 00 IBM Host interface 95 00 Apple Host Interface 95 00 Xerox Host Interface Plugs into Z80 65 00 includes sottware Xebec 1410 Controller 325 00 gt v All Drives are backed with our 90 Day No Questions Asked Money Back Guarantee TERMS Master Charge Visa American Express Money Orders Allow 10 days for personal checks Add 6 Sales Tax if Texas Resident Add 4 00 per Drive UPS Charges 1 50 for COD OPEN Mon Thurs till 8 00 PM lt _ Fri amp Sat till 5 00 PM Quality you can trust e Outstanding Prices 132 Walnut Plano Center e Garland TX e 214 272 5724 Micro Cornucopia KayPro Disk
58. Defining logical functions 58 Determining expression type 54 Designating an I O source 74 DELETE 92 134 Devices I 0 74 DIM 47 49 51 100 130 Disk Files 90 105 E ECHO ON OFF 77 131 ELSE IF THEN ELSE 34 39 67 68 EOF End of file Not Implemented END 20 21 24 26 29 300 34 37 39 40 52 65 68 70 77 106 107 109 111 113 131 132 133 135 144 146 Equal Sign 14 57 EQV 14 55 57 59 ERROR Messages Table Run Time 64 ERROR Statement 63 EXCAPE 74 85 EXECUTE 39 71 73 128 136 137 Exponential Notation 85 EXP R 115 EXPRESSIONS 54 60 Extent file 3 Required for Disk I O but not alluded to in manual F FCB S FCB S 39 115 Features 31 FFIX F 115 FILES Command 90 105 134 FINT F 115 FIX R 115 FIXED 15 34 41 42 55 Finding data struct at run time 49 Filenames 3 FLOAT See REAL FLOAT DOUBLE Same as REAL DOUBLE FRE I 39 115 FOR NEXT STEP 27 28 39 68 97 135 FUNCTION 29 39 44 106 108 133 145 Function User Def See FUNCTION Functions Intrinsic 114 119 G Global Variables 21 44 52 GO Appears in ASCII dump but not described 39 GOTO 22 39 61 63 132 GOSUB 22 39 61 62 132 H Hy HEX I 116 IF THEN ELSE 19 20 67 68 130 IMP Logical funct 14 39 55 57 59 INITIALIZE Disk 93 134 INPUT 7 8 11 17 18 19 23 29 30 39 78 77 79 88 102 105 107 131 INPUT OUTPUT 74 89 INP I 39 116 INSTR I lt S1 S2K 39 116 INT R 39 116 INTEG
59. Do it Yourself Character Set Dear Editor As a BB II user I hope to see more arti cles and programs for its use It seems the BB II does not share the popularity of the BB I and both will soon be replaced with 16 bit 32 bit machines Keep doing the good job Hap Patterson 1714 Heritage Circle Lynchburg VA 24502 Dear Editor I have a Big Board I called a Big Bore by my friends who have DMA chips I plan to go Slicer and I was wondering if they will be coming up with PC DOS MS DOS so we can develop systems for WANG PC and IBM PC on the Slicer Stefan Gunnarsson Spangavagen 53 161 48 Bromma Sweden Editor s Note Yes Stephen the Slicer should make a very good development system for PC DOS soft ware as soon as the PC compatible board is finished As for the Big Bore I think your friends would be hard pressed to tell much difference between a BB I with a winchester and a BB II on the same drive We have two systems here one with DMA and one with out Their benchmark times are very close Very close Dear Editor Once again I have to say how pleased I have been with the Kaypro disks I have received The Crowe assembler works great especially with my PRN file print er Incidentally I found a bug in the Crowe Assembler It apparently has problems with decimal literals larger than 1000 To get around the problem just enter these large values in hex By the way I don t dare use ZCPR when I
60. ER Variables Type 14 17 19 20 21 24 27 29 30 34 39 41 43 45 47 49 50 52 55 56 69 76 78 96 100 107 113 116 133 145 147 L LEFT S I 39 116 LEN S 39 116 Line Numbers 37 LET Statement 6 13 LOCATE 39 48 49 100 130 LOCATION 39 49 100 131 145 LOG R Natural Log Function 39 116 LOG10 R Appears in ASCII dump under DDT but not in manual Logical Functions 14 57 60 LPRINTER 39 79 80 132 M Machine Language 31 140 148 MID S 11 12 39 57 116 Multiplication 8 14 57 N NEXT See FOR NEXT NOT 14 39 55 57 59 NUMERIC FIELDS 83 88 NUM R STR R 39 117 O OPEN DISK FILES 39 91 93 97 134 OR Logical OR 14 39 55 57 59 OUT 39 129 OUTPUT PRINTING 78 88 OUTPUT CONSOLE 79 OUTPUT DISK FILES 90 105 OUTPUT PORTS See OUT P PEEK I 39 117 POKE 11 12 39 129 POS I 39 117 Precedence Table of 14 57 PRINT 4 10 78 131 PRINT USING 81 88 131 PROCEDURE 30 44 109 113 133 R Random Files 34 90 105 134 135 READ 39 89 93 94 98 100 129 134 Reading Data 88 REAL Variable type 14 41 REAL DOUBLE 15 41 RECORD SEQUENTIAL 39 129 Recursion 111 113 Relational Symbols 60 REM REMARK 10 39 40 132 RENAME 39 92 134 REPEAT UNTIL 24 39 65 129 RESTORE 39 89 129 RETURN 24 25 39 74 123 124 132 RIGHT S I 39 43 117 RIGHT S I 39 43 117 RND RS 39 117 S Save CP M 140 148 S BASIC Files 36 S BASIC Statements 128 135 Sequential Files 90 105
61. Gaucho Rd Santa Barbara CA 93111 Editor s note I assume you are talking Al about Perfect software Doug Mobley of Gilderfluke says that out of over 100 boards in use no one has had trouble with Perfect at least not when running in the ADM 3A mode Perfect would have to be reconfigured for the H 19 terminal to ran H 19 mode A few people have asked how to get graphics once they have installed the system All they have to do is give the command to enter Heath mode Doug has added installation instructions for Wordstar 3 0 and 3 3 distributed by Kay pro so you can take advantage of Gilderfluke s reverse video and the fast re verse scroll The board was designed in the first place to run WordStar The board is available for the Kaypro II and 4 and is 175 The only bug they ve found is that the new board will barf if it sees an esc X or esc Y followed by a control character It is howev er very unlikely that you d need to enter such a sequence Kaypro II H19 Graphics Adapter 175 GilderFluke amp Co 120 Midway Dr Space 013 Anaheim CA 92805 714 776 2207 Dear Editor How do I get new schematics from Cal Tex Wayne R Olson 5342 Frost Point Circle SE Prior Lake MN 55372 Editor s Note If you ve already tried Bill Siegmund at Cal Tex without success try contacting Jim Ferguson at Ferguson engineering See his ad in this issue for the address Dear Editor Could I have more information about your K
62. K1 Modem software This disk is absolutely priceless if you will be using a modem to communicate with bulletin boards other micros or mainframes MODEMPAT COM Menu selection of baud rate bits character stop bits amp parity for serial port MODEM7 COM Very popular MODEM 7 configured for KayPro MODEM7 COM This is MODEM7 amp MODEMPAT combined you can communicate with anything KMDM795 COM Super version of MODEM7 set up for KayPro TERM MAC Commented disassembly of the TERM program you get with your KayPro so you can configure it for any interface SQ USQ COM Programs to squeeze and unsqueeze files for faster transfer KayPro Disk K2 Utilities Really oodles of spiffy little and big programs to help you get full use of your KayPro ZESOURCE COM A true Zilog format disassembler for 8080 and Z80 object COM files Now you can turn COM files into MAC iles UNERA COM Simply enter UNERA followed by the name of the file you just erased and presto the erased file is back A lifesaver FINDBD54 COM Checks an entire disk reports bad sectors and then creates a special file containing those sectors You save a bundle on disks CAT2 This a group of programs which create and maintain a single directory of all the programs you have on all your disks Even keeps track of which programs are backed up and which aren t UNSPOOL COM Use your KayPro II and print files at the same time Doesn t slow down system
63. MHZ Z80 CPU DOUBLE DENSITY 5 1 4 IN FLOPPY CONTROLLER 64K DYNAMIC RAM CENTRONICS STYLE PARALLEL PRINTER PORT USES 5VDC 75 A AND 12VDC 50MA TWO RS232 SERIAL PORTS SAME SIZE AS A MINI FLOPPY 2732 BOOT EPROM TERMS Shipments will be made approximately 3 to 5 weeks after we Digital Research Computers receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s with a 3 OF TEXAS 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping Sa P O BOX 461565 GARLAND TEXAS 75046 214 271 3538 USA AND CANADA ONLY j wig os LITTLE BOARD AMPRO Z80 ZILOG CP M DIGITAL RESEARCH CA 16 PROGRAMMER 4 C A LOW COST ALTERNATIVE TO EPROM PROGRAMMING Reads and programs 2716 2732 2764 and 27128 EPROMS Reads 2 16K ROMS Direct connect to any RS232C terminal or computer Plug selectable as either a data set or data terminal All voltages made on board no power supplies needed User supplies power Xformer 25 2 to 30 VAC C T 1 Amp Power electronically switched can t damage EPROMS Zero insertion force socket for EPROM Programs verifies and dumps in both ASCII and hex Edit buffer like DDT Saves hex and or image files to and from disk Saves or loads all or partial buffer Completely menu driven for ease of operation Commands of Test Read Display Save Load Program and more Check sum calculation All software on disk including well commented source code Detai
64. R THE W I D E DISK DRIVES SA800 2 Heavy CAST ALUMINUM Cabinet 50 00 Cabinet Pwr Supply and Wiring for 2 drives 150 00 Quantities Limited First Come First Served Cabinets are USED and sold AS IS Pwr supplies have been tested ADD 5 Shipp Hand Charge Cards ADD 5 CASCADE ELECTRONICS ROUTE 1 BOX 8 RANDOLPH MN 507 645 7997 55065 MN add 6 sales tax SHUGART SA800 2 Standard Mount Guaranteed 60 Days CABINETS For Above Drives Includes Fans Cord And Switch 55 ALL INCLUDE S amp H CASCADE ELECTRONICS Route 1 Box8 Randolph MN 55065 507 645 7997 MN Res Add 6 Tax Credit Card Add 5 SEIT SERS DEE 24 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 BB II Modifying Andy Bakker s Interface By Frank Ten Thy I just completed the modification on Andy Bakkers BB II drive interface fora mixed variety of 8 and 5 floppies I en countered a few problems getting the system up and running which I would like to share with everyone making this attempt Once these problems were cor rected the system worked beautifully The following jumpers are to be left out JB4 JB8 and JB35 These are no long er required for the default to 8 drives This is not mentioned in the procedure and with the great anticipation of getting the system working this may be over looked Offsets The CP M that I received with my BB II has the 200H offset s
65. RMINAL WITH MANY HIGH END FEATURES e Easy Emulation A Very Powerful Low Cost Terminal Board e 6502 CPU amp 6845 Video Controller e 4K Control in 2732 EPROM Emulate or Customize with powerful download feature e Custom programs and escape tables retained during power down e Defaults to control ROM tables H19 Compatible when not modified e Month to MSEC Real Time Clock Display to Sec Transmit to MSEC Reliable battery interface for clock and 2K user RAM Menu driven set up Powers up as previously configured History for communications analysis displays last 256 video escape and control char received 2 Program Menu selectable RS 232 compatible ports with Daisy Chain 16 Program Menu selectable baud rates 50 to 19 200 e TTL and RS 232 level baud clock outputs 6 Program Menu selectable bell tones 9 Menu cursor selections Box underline overline solid blink fast or slow e Menu selectable auto LF on CR and or Auto CR on LF or neither Local full duplex simplex operation 80x50 video with 80x24 screen window e Up Down scroll with non destruct mode e Transmit screen from top to cursor e cursor home forward backward up down e Horz tab e full X Y cursor control including save restore and report cursor cursor on off clear screen clear line erase to end of screen to beginning of screen to end of line to beginning of line e Char selectable normal inverse blink and low intensity e 96 Upper and Lowe
66. RS232 Serial I O W Current Loop Option on A Channel both strappable as terminal or modem in RS232 Mode e 16 Programmable Baud Rates on each serial channel e 32 Bits Buffered Parallel I O Assignable on 4 Bit Boundaries W Strappable Handshake Polarity 2xZ80 PIO e 4 Channels of Counter Timer 4 Inputs 3 Outputs e Accommodates 16K Mix of Ram or Rom or EEPROM on 2K Boundaries in 2716 or 2016 or XICOR EEPROM e 2 3 x 10 Sea of Holes Prototyping Area All VO Fully Mode Interrupt Compatible Watchdog Timer for Long Term Unattended Operation Rom monitor and source listing TERMS MasterCard VISA add 3 money order certified check UPS cash COD Allow 2 weeks for personal or company checks to clear Ship ingihandling extra Taxas order add 5 tax l LEAP INTO A NEW DIMENSION WITH AZTEC CII NJ Full implementation of C with standard floating point library and I O subroutines UNIX VER 7 compatible Produces relocatable 8080 optional 0Z80 assembler code Relocating assembler and linker supplied with package or use Microsoft M80 and L80 SID ZSID debugger interface FAST COMPILATION AND EXECUTION AZTEC CII FOR CP M 199 Special price for Micro C subscribers 149 MANX software systems Box 55 Shrewsbury N J 07701 201 780 4004 Also available for Apple DOS HDOS CP M 86 PC DOS Tired of the slowness of BASIC Find that the bugs in FORTRAN are bugging you Step up to
67. Read and Write I O Ports Disc Read Drive Track Sector and Search PFM occupies one of the four 2716 EPROM locations provided Z 80 is a Trademark of Zilog Digital Research Computers OF TEXAS P O BOX 461565 e GARLAND TEXAS 75046 e 214 271 3538 TERMS Shipments will be made approximately 3 to 6 weeks after we receive your order VISA MC cash accepted We will accept COD s for the Big Board only with a 75 deposit Balance UPS COD Add 4 00 shipping USA AND CANADA ONLY TRADEMARK OF DIGITAL RESEARCH NOT ASSOCIATED WITH DIGITAL RESEARCH OF CALIFORNIA THE ORIGINATORS OF CPM SOFTWARE 1 TO 4 PIECE DOMESTIC USA PRICE MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 8048 Editor amp Publisher David J Thompson Assistant Editor Eric Belden Graphic Design Sandra Thompson Technical Department Dana Cotant Advertising Director Alice Holbrow Staff Assistants Dorcas Dsenis Tracey Braas Typography Patti Morris amp Martin White Irish Setter MICRO CORNUCOPIA is the single board systems journal sup porting systems programming lan guages and single board systems including the Big Board Big Board II Xerox 820 Kaypro and Slicer MICRO CORNUCOPIA is pub lished six times a year by Micro Cor nucopia of Oregon P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 SUBSCRIPTION RATES 1 yr 6 issues 1 yr first class 1 yr Canada amp Mexico 20
68. S 2 5 MHz 8 DS 2 5 MHz izing and DDSYSGEN for DD sysgening e Instructions tell how to run 5 drives se ee oe tts oboe MNS e Special features have been added in A 50 34 pin disk drive adapter board is s i cluding a deluxe pause screen print included with 5 disk orders e Printer drivers are built in selectable in and clock the lOBYTE e Source code is available for 25 after Price 149 95 e Easy to change port parameters you sign a disclosure agreement For orders We accept MasterCard Visa money orders or checks Ship ping charges and applicable taxes will be added Call or write for delivery time Trademarks CO POWER 88 ATR8000 SWP Inc Z80 Zilog CP M CP M 86 Digital Research Inc IBM PC IBM MSDOS Microsoft Prices and specifications subject to change without notice 2500 E Randol Mill Rd 125 Arlington Texas 76011 817 469 1181 We used to be Software Publishers Inc inc MICROCOMPUTER PRODUCTS Dear Editor I speeded up my Kaypro a few weeks ago and I am much happier with it I in stalled an SGS brand Z80 B and monitor ROM and have been able to get the sys tem to run dependably at 4 MHz but I get garbage on the screen at 5 The 4 MHz is great in fact I haven t found a single program that won t work with it but I d like to try 5 what should I do Also does the speed up work on a Kaypro 4 Matthew Kesner 6345 Lochmoor Drive San Diego CA 92120 E
69. Shevlin Park for all four days Thursday through Sunday and that is where the trips will begin and end So if you have family members who won t be rafting there ll be a very pleasant place for them with supervision for the young ones In fact they might not even miss you Note that both raft trips are through protected scenic areas so the number of people who can raft these waters on any one day is strictly controlled Those of you who have your heart set ona raft trip particularly the full day trip should get your reservations in as soon as possible Thursday is also setup day for people who have brought goodies to demon strate We ll have tables and plenty of power especially if Ron Anderson makes it again on the main floor for demonstrations There ll be room up stairs for two meetings at a time Friday and Saturday This is the official part of the SOG These are the two days of equipment demonstrations swap meet talks and meetings There will be meetings for Big Board I Big Board II Slicer Xerox Kay pro and amateur radio enthusiasts so you will havea chance to share problems and solutions no matter what you re in terested in Rex Buddenberg mentioned that we ought to have the Slicer folks bring a bunch of boards and tools You ll be able to build your own Slicer right at the SOG The boards are so compact that people could finish one in an hour or two and then the Slicer folks could fire it up ri
70. TS 8 Flowchart showing which Big Board I pins to jusper depending on the installed I O options amp START IS SIO OPTION INSTALLED 7 NO GOTO C ELSE YES IS CTC OPTION INSTALLED YES 60TO D ELSE NO STOP 1C JUMPER SIO PIN 4 TO PIN 7 A XB ET IS 6 P PID OPTION INSTALLED NO GOTO E YES GOTO B XB ET 2C3 JUMPER GPPIO PIN 22 TO PIN 24 B XB ET Two years in the making Doing what they thought couldn t be done ona micro EasyFlow is a high level language for producing neat accurate flowcharts You describe the flowchart using a simple command language EasyFlow then produces a complete flowchart Not just for programmers EasyFlow is for everyone needing flow type charts engineers executives systems analysts draftsmen office managers bankers service people technical writers you name it anyone who needs to be able to explain things in clear and understandable manner People have been using flow charts for a long time for both programming and other uses The problem is producing them if you do them quickly by hand they look awful if you take your time they look better but they take forever and are impossible to update or revise without starting over Really good looking flowcharts require a typesetter a draftsman and a lot of patience With EasyFlow you can produce excellent flowcharts quickly and then modify correct and update them with very little effort EasyFlow is a lot like a high lev
71. This is a more powerful version of the ASM assembler you received with the KayPro This will link multiple programs together at assembly time PRINTPRN This program makes it easy to print the listing files generated by the Crowe assembler KayPro Disk K11 Library amp Checkbook Programs CHECKS This has been a very popular group of programs Categorizes checks so you can keep track which are tax deductible and which get charged to which projects Includes source and excellent example check files Very powerful LIBR This is acomplete set of library routines which let you group files into a single file called a library Then CP M sees them asa single program but with the library routines you can list them out separately run them separately or divide them up again Almost like a unix environment DISPLAY VLIST PGLST Additional screen and print utilities KayPro Disk K12 FORTH Yep this is FORTH one of the most unique most extendable languages known and for a paltry 12 00 This disk contains not just one FORTH but two along with an editor decom piler and 8080 assembler The editor even uses the cursor control keys FORTH This is true fig FORTH KFORTH A very nicely extended version of fig FORTH PLUS all the rest of the FORTH goodies Forth Heaven KayPro Disk K13 Source of fig FORTH All this disk contains is the 40K ASM source of fig FFORTH with the hooks in place for the KayPro This disk is for FORTH
72. a Number 16 February 1984 33 Xerox Column By Jay Jaeckel It seems like everytime you see a Z80 you find someone trying to patch an 8088 board onto it Well it turns out that the new Xerox 16 8 is an add on board mod ification to their 820 II and it comes with 128K of RAM another 128K is optional along with CP M 80 CP M 86 and MS DOS In fact from the outside it looks like Xerox just stuck in an SWP board and called the whole thing an IBM Actually they didn t Friends at Xerox have told me that the company seriously considered using the SWP 8088 co processor with its internal 16 bit and external 8 bit I O but decided instead to use a real 16 bit 8086 Xerox does offer an 8088 board in Europe but not here Anyway it looks like Xerox may be planning to incorporate one of the stand ard busses into their system and though no one is really saying which buss it will be they aren t denying that it might be the S 100 it ain t no school bus that s for sure They are also looking at high res color graphics Fli let you know when I get more information Cheap Parts One of the best sources for Xerox parts believe it or not is Xerox Many manufacturers have discount outlets and the outlet for Xerox is Xerox Manufacturing Outlet 1341 W Mockingbird MS 503 Dallas TX 75247 214 960 3367 The people are friendly and shipping is excellent on phone orders witha VISA or MasterCharge c
73. a review of a new na tive code PASCAL compiler Turbo Pas cal from Borland International The product is available for CP M 80 and 86 and MS DOS I have used both JRT Pascal JRT Sys tems and Pascal MT Digital Re search regularly and have evaluated Pascal M Sorcim in detail All of these Pascal implementations are complete and useful for any application for which Pascal is appropriate The Turbo pack age however is such a significant im provement that this column may sound like advertising copy I first saw an ad for this package in the November 1983 issue of Microsystems The gentleman I spoke to at Borland s main office was very knowledgeable about the product Based on his an swers I placed an order Four weeks lat er the Pascal arrived The turnaround was slow because they were waiting to get manuals back from the printer This review will be limited to the CP M 80 version but most of the informa tion will apply to the 16 bit versions as well Turbo System Overview Borland has produced a fast efficient complete and convenient Pascal system which is a joy to use The package in cludes 1 The integrated editor compiler 2 Terminal installation utility 3 Program listing utility 4 Demo spreadsheet package source 5 Reference manual 254 pages Turbo is a Pascal SYSTEM which oper ates within the CP M environment Those familiar with UCSD Pascal will find many similarities with Turbo Whe
74. abytes of storage Easy to install Includes complete software and documentation 95 00 single unit quantity 3 CP M 3 0 BIOS UPGRADE Allows installation of CP M 3 0 giving you a faster more powerful system 50 00 single unit quantity PRONET local network for Kaypro computers Call to order or for information OEM DEALER INQUIRIES WELCOME Quantity Discount Available PS HUNTINGTON DATA SYSTEMS Solutions that work for you 307 SIXTH STREET HUNTINGTON BEACH CA 92648 714 960 7498 See lint some on the best EProm Eraser on the market The unique Orbital EProm Eraser multiple exposure multi plies productivity Here s how to improve your productivity by 140 Without multiplying your overhead by the same factor Its easy with the Orbital EProm Eraser which erases up to 14 units at a time All in just twenty minutes Totally unique but conforms to all data sheet specifications erasing manuals There s no other product like it on the market yet the Orbital EProm Eraser performs like a proven winner With even ultra violet exposure that conforms to Federal Standards for UV radiation at 2537 angstroms Design features include e Automatic safety switch e Custom designed long life lamp replacements available e LED indicator e U L Approval another unique feature The most unique feature of all the price 4995 7 including shipping Shipped UPS Master Charge or VIS
75. allation BIOS LST used GET BOTH TOGETHER 2995 Get both BB SPOOL and SCREEN PRINTER with BB TYPEWRITER in one integrated package Lets you spool the screen print function USINESS OMPUTERS 26 James St Ssoclates Binghamton NY 13903 For BBI only 8 SSSD Check or COD NY residents add 7 COD 2 more 607 723 0279 5 10 PM EST 47 EDITORIAL continued from page 1 don t want us to publish your phone number _ 6 Wanted articles and reviews on D A and A D interfaces new single board systems inexpensive new assem blers and compilers music synthesizer interfaces speech recognition multi processing multiprocessors multitask ing new operating systems and system ideas and new processors to name a few 7 And that s about it unless I think of something else The SOG We are less than 6 months away from the annual SOG July 26 29 so it is not too early to start throwing things into a suitcase Just the bare essentials like disk drives Z80 boards waterwings and the spare 5V supply This year s SOG Semi Official Get together should be as laid back as last year s even though there will no doubt be more attendees meaning you Like last year there will be food tables set up for your potluck contributions that way we will be able to eat our way through two solid days of computer ma nia If possible bring regional special ties If bringing food is particularly in convenient you can
76. andon half wide drives Rumors are coming in that Tan don was sending its best drives to IBM and everyone else is getting the dregs so Kaypro is looking for a source of de pendable units The Kaypro II will have the original Kaypro 4 board and ROM In fact the present Kaypro II and 4 systems have a simple monitor sign on that says Kay pro rather than Kaypro II or Kaypro 4 That way they can use the exact same board and ROM The only thing you have to do to this version of the Kaypro II to turn it into a 4 is change the drives to double sided 48 tpi units The new Kaypro 4 will actually have some features that the 10 won t have at least for a while It will have anew CTC timer and a modem built in However they aren t quite ready to ship the new 4 They are still cleaning up the software and the FCC has not yet certified that they pass the radiation restrictions Disk Alignment I ve been getting calls from dealers who have aligned Tandon drives down to a gnat s eyelash only to have them get strange again after they are re installed in a Kaypro As I mentioned ina previous issue the Tandon drives don t have much metal mettle so any stress you put on them when screwing them back into place will put them out of alignment Ideally you would align them in place but that would be more difficult than do ing dental work on an ant So you have to take them out align them and then replace them as carefully as poss
77. ansion article in Issue 11 USERS DISK 20 Assemblers CROWEASM This is the Crowe assembler modi fied so that it runs on any CP M system including the BB I BB II Xerox Includes COM Z80 and DOC files LASM This assembler is similar to the ASM that comes with CP M except that it can link files at assembly time ith Print routine for CROWEASM PRN iles LIBRARY Utilities which let you combine many files into one then you can run type or extrace any file within the larger system USERS DISK 21 Winchester Utilities BACKUP Helps you back up the winchester onto multiple floppies Creates a catalog of the files on each disk and includes the date of the latest backup Will not back up an unchanged file more than once Plus many more super features FLOPCOPY Lets you make floppy copies with only one floppy drive by using the winchester as a buffer BIGBURST Backs up a very large winchester file onto multiple floppies Joins the copies to recreate the original file MULTCOPY Use this like PIP but it prompts you to change disks Accepts ambiguous file names MDIR Displays files in all user areas on selected drive Many features MAKE MOVE PIP like utilities that make it easy to move files between user areas SWEEP The famous disk cleanup and transfer routine that does just about everything you can do with TYPE ERA DIR and PIP UNSQ This is the latest greatest file unsqueezer Enter UNSQ and it wil
78. any character including space as a cursor and you can choose to make the character blink or not blink Plus you can change the cursor at will 5 You get a disk which contains a new copy routine for copying and formatting 784K disks anda drive diagnostic routine for checking out the quad density drives no more searching to see where a signal goes or comes from Even the unused gates are shown It s drawn in positive logic lines are labeled and we ve tossed in hours and hours of careful 6 You get complete printed insturctions for installation of ROM and drives takes 10 to 15 checking for accuracy Then we added a minutes including drives 7 The installation requires no cuts or jumpers everything simply plugs into a Kaypro 4 If you Theory of Operation that s keyed to the have a Kaypro II see the modification article in Micro C issue 15 to turn your Il into a 4 Pro Character ROM for Kaypro II and 4 The character ROM gives you a nicer looking character set Kaypros have come with two 00 different character ROMs the early character ROMs had a rotten g y q f and t as well as 20 commas and semi colons that were hard to tell from periods and colons On the newer systems manufactured since Sept 83 half of the characters notably the g have been improved but they haven t gone all the way i schematic Also many of the older character ROMs were poor quality parts so they generated snow as information scrol
79. ard However if you must mail an order in use a certified check No COD s Be sure to put the MS 503 in the ad dress it s very important Minimum or der is around 10 See Figure 1 for some 418 Kings Way Mundelein IL 60060 of the fantastic deals I have seen there Many may still be available From time to time I have seen Shugart 800 801 850 and 851 at excellent prices here also but you have to move fast If you are just starting out be sure to ask about their complete component sets drives monitor board cables etc Al so ask about CP M I have heard that they have a lot of 2 2 versions lying around with beautiful binders and lots of utilities along with CBIOS source More Cheap Parts EPIC Sales POB 401471 132 Walnut Plano Center Garland TX 75040 214 272 5724 EPIC seems to have a lot of the same stuff that the Xerox Outlet has They also have disk controller chips RAM 200ns 4164 s 5 00 each ROM and other goodies I know that Bob at EPIC is working on a less than 1000 package to give 820 people a hard disk interface and BIOS How much less I don t know but Ihave seen 5Mbyte drives as low as 380 00 I ll keep you posted on the special deals that I see from time to time Figure 1 Example Prices at the Xerox Outlet 820 Mother Boards Assembled and Working 300 00 820 II Mother Boards that s right 820 II they tell me most are working but untested For only 95 Q C is a
80. aypro ROM I m particularly in terested in using it if it qualifies as the fast monitor ROM needed to do the 5 MHz modification I bought your C diskettes a few months back and recently read the Kernighan Ritchie text Now I m ready to give it a try only I don t want to create 60K object files that print Hello World nor do I want to wait until I grow with C to make them smaller Could you give a few hints Do I have to manually dissect the assembly rou tines to pull out the ones I need Or do I need a macro assembler Or what David Hillman 2006 NE Davis Portland OR 97232 Editor s Note Yes the monitor ROM we offer is a very fast part You can use it to run 5 MHz Also the version of the Small C II compiler that generates ASM files does make them a bit large We also have a version of this com piler that generates output for Microsoft s M80 and L80 assembler and linker It gener ates smaller code If you have that assembler _ package about 200 I think send back your copy of K7 and ask for the M80 version However if you really want to get into C you might check out the C compilers from Software Toolworks or Aztec C Both adver tise in Micro C 2 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Dear Editor My system BB LI is still not stable even after a year and me a designer of so phisticated micro equipment I don t have much time to debug it It crashes reliably at room
81. batteries Any sugges tions Gary Stookey 215 Josselyn Ln Woodside CA 94062 Editor s note Your drives are DC In fact all you need for any Kaypro II 4 or 10 is 12V 5V and 12V The supply in the Kaypro II and 4 can supply about 6 amps of 5V although the system uses only about 3 amps and about 3 amps of 12V for the drives You only need about 0 1 amp of 12V The Kaypro 10 needs a couple more amps of 12V during winches ter start up The 5V should be regulated to within 0 25V of 5V the 12V should be within 0 6V of 12V and the 12V should be within a volt If you keep your batteries charged to 13 4V or higher you should be able to put a large 3 terminal regulator in series and get it to regulate use a TO 3 case and a good heat sink You can use another series pass regula tor circuit to get 5V but you ll be losing quite a bit of efficiency doing it this way You ll need an extra battery for the 12V or you can add a small switcher to generate it A complete switching dc to dc supply would be the most efficient but also the most expensive Perhaps someone in the group would like to design an inexpensive version and sell any special parts You don t say how much of your time you spend in Gold Hill or what you do there but I d really appreciate it if you could fill us in Dear Editor I m working on a SASI interface and I O expansion port for the BBI The in terface will drive a Xebec controlle
82. ble shapes EasyFlow allows user selected line drawing characters The characters for horizontal line vertical line upper left corner and so on are user selectable You can make you own choice and even take advantage of printers that have special line drawing characters available EasyFlow is written in Z80 assembly language and is fast and efficient A rather large flowchart typically takes about ten seconds of computing time the example chart shown here is very small and took less than three seconds Execution time will vary depending on CPU speed and the type of disk drive but in any case it is quite fast Since the source programs tend to be small one hundred lines of source gets you a very full flowchart and since EasyFlow needs only a single pass disk I O time tends to be modest EasyFlow was developed on a 2 5MHz system with floppies and it produces charts at a very respectable speed In addition to producing great flowcharts from perfect instructions EasyFlow also produces meaningful error messages from imperfect instructions A typical EasyFlow error message is 046 INVALID EXIT DIRECTION FOUND WHILE PROCESSING CELL B2 IF NO GOTO BAFFY XV ET The first line is an english language error report that outlines as clearly as is possible in one line what the problem is and where we were in the flowchart when the problem was detected The second line is the source text that EasyFlow was processing at the tim
83. can only put out 300 or 600 baud 450 baud takes a few tricks The 8116 outputs a clock thatis 16X the actual clock rate the Z80 SIO is then programmed with a divide by 16 regis ter 4 is set up with 044H If we instead program the 8116 for 1800 baud and then set up the Z80 SIO for divide by 64 the outcome is 1800 4 or you guessed it 450 baud To do this modify the ini tialization routine in MODEM7 to send an OC4H to register 4 and a 08H to the baud rate generator see MODEM 45 COM for a port B version Note this _ same port A information also applies di rectly to the Kaypro The advantage is 50 faster transfers over the phone Many of the standard dial ups will recognize 450 baud espe cially those based on S 100 PMMI mo dems See the RCPMLIST 27 on BB disk B16 for the dialups that are so equipped More on 5 MHz I m also running 5 MHz now The im provement is really noticeable especial ly when compared to 2 5 MHz During the conversion I noticed that 1 2716 1 s are barely making it at 5 MHz They will often not restart the computer once they are warm I have had good luck with hand selected Intel parts I m going to switch to using 1 2 of a 2732A 2 200 ns as soon as it arrives 2 Patches to PFM In the CTC initiali zation change F119H from 93 decimal to 186 decimal This will return the CTC interrupts to the normal 1 second In the AUTO BAUD routine FOCBH shift the table d
84. cursor to ABORT It guards against forgetting an argument but can be fooled if the stack has leftover values already on it You can define ARGS very simply with the word DEPTH An example of the use of these two er ror handling words is shown below and those who use a separate stack for each data type at least dividing integers and floating point numbers Note that there are pros and cons for either method For example a single stack is conceptually easier and requires fewer pointers so you can use processor registers for these pointers On the other hand a separate floating point stack would allow a FORTH system to use the stack built into the 8087 numeric proc essor or to use 48 bit internal floating point converting to 32 bit only for stor age and retrieval My question to you is Which camp do you feel should be the standard in future COPY blk1 blk2 copy one block to another 2 ARGS ABORT Insufficient arguments SWAP BLOCK SWAP BUFFER B BUF CMOVE UPDATE SAVE BUFFERS Reader Survey Floating Point Just to get you involved in this col umn I thought I would mention one of FORTH s problem areas and ask for your opinion In integer FORTH all numbers are placed on one stack the data or param eter stack Easy argument passing is fa cilitated and stack operators like ROT and SWAP give you the power to change argument order Problems arise when numbers are larger than a single stack
85. d 10 7368 crystal 2995 RF MODULATOR 1995 ELECTRONIC RAM DISC for KayPro COMPOSITE VIDEO BOARD for KayPro 10 Call for details Dealer Inquiries Invited a Microsphere Inc P O Box 1221 Bend OR 97709 503 388 1194 FLOPPIES Used CDC 8 Double Sided Double Density 8 Single Sided Double Density WESTERN AUTOMATION LABORATORIES INC Call toll free 800 227 4637 Inside Colorado 303 449 6400 5595 Arapahoe Road Suite C Boulder Colorado 80303 Kaypro Column continued the buggy drives and now the little Tan dons look great However just lately someone called him offering him a bunch of Panasonic drives about 2000 of them Of course they turned out to be the buggy ones So be careful about special offers on Panasonic and Shugart drives If they are the buggy ones they will work just fine on systems that ignore the track 0 line but they ll do strange things on a Kaypro Bill noted that the quality of mini flop py drives has been improving substan tially and that the highest quality drives have been Japanese imports sounds fa miliar doesn t it Kaypro Publications The original Kaypro users group mag azine is 12 per year from Kaypro Users Group Box 100 Malverne NY 11565 People s Computer has started its own national Kaypro users group and if you send them 8 00 they ll send you their newsletter for a year You can reach them a
86. dd 5 sales tax CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc 4 FINDBD54 Works like a champ on those Elephant and Maxell disks For your information I have yet to have a failure ona 3M disk By the way if you re ever asked to recommend bulk disks I got 100 from ALF Copy Service in Den ver 5 CRC COM It makes me comfort able I sure look forward to each issue s ar rival You are really doing a great job Robert O Berry Canyon State Systems and Software P O Box 86 Sedona AZ 86336 Editor s note Thanks for the note about the Crowe as sembler See the Kaypro column in this issue for the ZCPR fix Dear Editor Will the Co Power 8088 board be avail able for the BB II soon Also which as semblers will assemble Russell Smith s CBIOS for the BB II I would like to add an AM9511 math chip so I can run Pascal MT faster Inge Sanden Nedre Blekkan N 7062 Bjorkmyr Norway Editor s note I doubt that SWP will be working on the BB II in the near future they are scrambling to get versions out for the Morrow system and some others I understand It looks like Rus sell Smith has his hands full at SWP Russell used Microsoft s M80 assembler and L80 linker to generate the code for the BB II I suggest that you use this package it is very powerful and has become the standard of the industry Letters continued on page 47 Eee eee aS SS aaQQaQaQQVSSS ee Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984
87. de More impor tantly correspondence mode cannot be used with the 17 cpi pitch or its double width form l This problem may be solved by using the double strike or the boldface controls in WordStar Because the Microline 92 does not allow micro spacing there is no difference between the default double strike and the default boldface With WINSTALL you can define boldface to be four overstrikes This gives a sharp image which is almost as good as correspondence quality Page Offset The WordStar default for text indenta tion is 8 characters This means that it outputs 8 spaces at the start of every line This can cause problems with the Okida ta printer in an alternate pitch or in the 8 Micro Cornucopia N umber 16 February 1984 continuous underlining mode The solu tion is to set WordStar s page offset to 0 and then use an escape sequence to tell the printer what indent you want The page offset can be defined with the PO dot command but it is better to use WINSTALL to default the page off set to 0 in the Menu of WordStar Fea tures section The left margin is defined with ESC C N1 N2 N3 where the N s represent three decimal digits which define the print column The first column is 001 and there are 12 columns to the standard character position Hence cntl PE C097 will define the left margin at column 97 which is equivalent to 8 char acter positions An easier way to set the left margin is wi
88. de of the PIO it is plugged into If we want to add a joy stick it will need to use the B side of the PIO as well The VDP does not really use the PIO it is a port itself so all we need do is pro vide a method of selecting between the PIO when we want to read the stick and the VDP when we want to read and write to the graphics screen The board has the necessary decoding circuits to se lect either the PIO or the VDP depending on the state of a single input As shipped this line is tied high so that the VDP is always selected To free this input re move R1 One end of R1 was tied to 5V and the other end ran to an open solder pad marked J2 pad 3 on the schematic Attach a jumper wire to this pad The destination of the free end of this jumper depends on the system you have Big board owners would probably use the user definable bit of the system port Kaypro folks should use the un used B side of the general purpose PIO The A side on the Kaypro is used for the printer port but the B side is simply brought out to solder pads E7 E14 The user definable bit on the Big Board is bit 4 so let s use that bit on the Kaypro port as well Add the free end of the jumper to E10 on the Kaypro or terminal 8 of the power connector TB1 on the big board Now when bit 4 on the port is high the graphics chip is selected and when it is low the joy stick port is select ed Software Drivers There are several constants to be de
89. ditor s note I d check out the monitor ROM We were getting very good AMD 2716 1s for a long time but lately the quality of even these parts has not been up to 5 MHz at least not all the parts make it So we ve modified the code and are burning it into 2732As which are faster and considerably more expensive and harder to find These 2732s for the Kaypro II plug right into the 2716 socket with no wir ing changes required Yes you can do the speed up modification to the Kaypro 4 In fact the monitor ROM in the Kaypro 4 is already capable of 5 MHz so you only need to change the Z80 to a Z80B and do the wiring changes Dear Editor I would like to know how IOBYTE is incorporated into BIOS Dennis W Juve 2935 6th St Marion IA 52302 Editor s note It isn t on the Big Board In fact IOBYTE is one of those little features of CP M that few folks know about Perhaps someone could write up a short thing on this mysterious ob ject Dear Editor I have to run my Kaypro on 12V dc when I m home in Gold Hill Oregon I don t have store bought power so I have to make do with a water wheel and bat teries I m not sure about the disk drives are they ac or dc Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 I wrote to Kaypro about using a 110V inverter that generates square waves They said NO So now I m trying to build up a sine wave inverter One problem is that running the inverter for hours will really drain my
90. e while c getc ramfile EOF if istext c good char col if ele n yes keep it pute c textfile putchar c the following code trims lines to lt 80 chars so my editor doesn t blow up if col gt 78 ii es n col 0 pute n textfile putchar n felose ramfile felose textfile istext is it regular ascii text istext c char c is it a tab linefeed or carriage return if e t il esz n ii cs r return c is it a printable ascii character else if e gt amp amp ec lt return c none of the above so return with a zero else return 0 28 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 which returns the character if it likes it or a zero if the character isn t up to spec The good character is then put in the text fileand echoed to the screen and we fetch another character until we get to the end of the file We then close both files and go back to CP M More Details Note that this type of program works well with editors that maintain text in an orderly fashion in memory If your edi tor spreads text all over memory or inter sperses text with weird characters this technique may not work too well but it s better than typing it all over again so why not give it a try What comes out is a standard CP M text file Your editor still may throw up if istext removed some special characters that
91. e The third line the question mark points to the exact word that was being processed Every EasyFlow error message has a number 046 in this case so that you can quickly look up a detailed explanation of an error in the Error Description Appendix of the manual This explains in detail what the error is why it might have occurred and how to go about correcting it The EasyFlow manual is complete and is designed for both novices and experienced users For the novice it explains in the correct order starting from the beginning of the manual how to install EasyFlow on your system how to back up the distribution diskette and how to produce your first flowchart using one of the included demo charts This is followed by a tutorial that explains the use of EasyFlow through the use of examples The source text of all the examples in the manual is included on the EasyFlow distribution diskette giving you a starting point for experimentation For more experienced users there is a detailed syntax and operation description of all the EasyFlow commands a chapter on configuring EasyFlow to produce the best charts with your particular printer the error appendix and a chapter on defining your own shapes EasyFlow runs on Z80 CP M machines that have a TPA of 38K or more EasyFlow is available on SSSD 8 diskettes and KayPro format 5 diskettes Other five inch formats call 49 95 59 95 in Canada Ontario residents add 7 PST Send check or
92. e integrated pac 30 age for only K FIX 25 Permanently alters KayPro II CP M actually the BIOS to Automatically shut off drive motors when they are not in use a must for Perfect Write Extinguish drive LEDs except during disk Tead or write Find out what s really going on in the Change the default cold boot reset serial baud rate to he 16 KayPro values No more BAUD COM o See September Byte page 598 for more details o New BIOS remains reproducible with SYSGEN COPYNEW etc TERMS Prices include airmail and handling Source code and U Print manual included on disk Personal checks accepted for immediate shipment Please add 15 Guaranteed satisfaction or complete refund if remitting in Canadian funds does justice to the system However they ve had trouble with their mailing list If you aren t getting it write to them at PO Box N Del Mar CA 92014 Don t call writing seems to work better Drives for the PRO 8 I just found out that you can get the TEAC model 55F quad density half height drives for only 215 each from National Diskon Corp Their phone number is 415 490 7150 The TEACs draw about half the power of the Tan dons and like the CDC drives they are supposed to be much better than Tan dons I haven t ordered anything from Dis kon yet so I can t endorse them but at this price they might be worth a try Plus we are already working ona 4 drive version of the PRO 8 monitor Compu
93. e able to select between the VDP chip and the PIO with the fol lowing procedure The flag should be true to select the VDP chip or false to se lect the PIO constants PIO 0000h and VDP offffh can be used by the calling program as flags e g portselect PIO would select the PIO procedure port_select flag integer var status integer status inp BITPORT IF flag THEN out BITPORT status OR on_mask ELSE out BITPORT status AND off_mask end of port_select With this complete we may now ini tialize the joy stick port This need only be done once at the beginning of the pro gram Notice that we use the portselect procedure to select the PIO before at tempting to set it up for the joy stick When we exit we will first turn the VDP back on procedure set_up_stick port_select PIO out Joy_Control mode_3 out Joy_Control stick_bits out Joy_Port OEOh REM this sets the unused bits REM to ones for ease of decoding port_select VDP end of set_up_stick Now read joy stick with the following procedure read_stick port_select PIO direction inp Joy_Port port_select VDP end of read_stick All that is left to do is decode the direc tion The following hex values will be re turned for each of directions listed UP OFEh If the fire button is pressed the high nibble will become E hex The directions can be decoded with a CASE statement or bit wise depending on the application New Disk Kayp
94. e for a year without any trouble out side of operator error To wire in the new socket follow the wiring list in Figure 1 Modifications to the Big Board 1 Remove and store U98 2 Remove U104 and bend out pins 4 5 6 8 9 and 10 and reinstall it 3 Jumper U102 pin 27 to U101 pin 6 4 Cut trace running to U102 pin 37 5 Jumper U102 pin 37 to TB1 pin 8 PA4 DDSEL Alignment 1 Connect 2 MHz clock to pin 24 2 Connect 5V to pin 21 return to pin 20 3 Jumper pin 37 to ground and turn on supply 4 Momentarily ground pin 19 reset Then jumper pin 22 to ground 5 Attach scope to pin 31 and adjust 10K pot until the pulse width is 200 ns 6 Attach scope to pin 29 and adjust 50K pot until the pulse width is 250 ns 7 Connect frequency counter or scope to pin 16 and adjust variable capa citor to set frequency to 500 KHz 8 Remove jumper from pin 37 and verify that the frequency on pin 16 be comes 250 KHz Pin 37 is the SD DD switch 9 Disconnect power clock and pin 22 jumper 10 Remove and store the 1771 and plug your new 40 pin header into the 1771 s socket Make sure pin 1 is right 11 Now reconnect as in steps 1 through 4 12 Note pin 22 must be high whenev er the system is reset AstroTronics Board If you prefer to save a little time and effort you can purchase the AstroTronics 2795 board available for 19 bare board or 79 for the kit The board is well laid out
95. e of these drives reading and writing for 4 days straight without a single disk error He also mentioned that Panasonicis making these drives for Shugart When we first tried the Shugart we found that it wasn t practical You d find out that it was on track 17 but the track 0 line was being driven true so the com puter thought that the head was on track 0 and all kinds of strange things hap pened The problem turned out to be a programming error in the drive s micro processor Bill said He noted that Shugart threw out all Kaypro Column continued next page Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 coMINGSOO COLOR GRAPHICS BOARD KayPro II amp 4 and Big Board I Assembled and tested color board has 16 colors 32 sprites and 16K of RAM TMS 9918A color processor 2 disks of software includes screen dump to disk and printer Developed by Don Brittain 29995 COMPOSITE VIDEO BOARD for KayPro II amp 4 generates standard composite video for an external monitor 5995 PRO CHARACTER ROM a fast EPROM with standard g s q s and colons clears the snow on some KayPro II s 2995 PASSWORD SECURITY LOCK for KayPro II amp 4 Accepts up to 12 character password Please tell us which model KayPro you have Monitor ROM also gives solid block cursor and better modem operatios ZENITH ZVM121 green 12 monitor 40 80 column 9900 TMS 9918A COLOR PROCESSOR an
96. e that the programmer didn t want anyone figuring out what he was doing The programs didn t do anything memorable either The price is high 95 per year You can contact them at 1195S 10th Duncan OK 73533 And of course there is Profiles the corporate rag from Kaypro You are sup posed to get a free year s subscription when you return your warranty card This is a very nice looking magazine that Maple Read to run MapleSoft Box 13356 Kanata PO Ottawa Ont Canada K2K IX5 ON LINE TYPER 25 o Converts your KayPro system into an electric typewriter o Relocates to protected high PEPOT Y where it s safe from warm boots and application progra Just type Control J even in the middle of a command or y etc OLT saves everything returning to the exact point where you left off and returns move the cae at once so you always know just where you re typin es printed forms hasty ne notas You can even Change printer set up codes on the fly tc Epson compatible nra including for Gemini and IBM PC Easily installed for most others SNAPSHOT 25 o Print a copy of your KayPro screen anytime o Relocates to protected high menory where it s safe from warm boots and application programs o Does not affect screen contents or program operation o Capture intermediate game and program results on paper Ready to run for all printers 32 SPECIAL 422 SST Both On Line Typer and Snapahot in on
97. eally ex cellent My Shugarts sounded like ma 40 Rugg Road Allston MA 02134 chine guns while loading Wordstar text file before I installed this routine Plus the parallel print driver works fine ZCPR is another winner The only problem with it is that the paging goes too far if any of the lines are longer than 80 characters FORMAT crashes into PFM when fin ished and FORMATS works like a charm on blank disks but is very slow on previ ously formatted disks XMON is really strange It translates all keyboard inputs to upper case in cluding punctuation Does anyone know what is happening BIG BOARD I I O EXPANDER 19 95 BARE BOARD AND DOCUMENTATION 3 x 5 Quality PC board with complete assembly and operating manual Adds one fully buffered PIO with handshaking Piggybacks right onto big board Plugs into socket U89 Requires 1 jumper PIO U89 addressing remains unchanged Added parallel output connector has same pin outs as big board J5 connector Makes interfacing of present products easy All orders shipped 1st class mail Send check or money order to LOGIC PLUS 10 Esquire Road Norwalk CT 06851 Please include 2 00 for postage and handling CT residents add 71 Allow 4 weeks for delivery Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 39 Using dBase II Down Under By Jim Reid In 1981 I was attending a machinery exhibition in Los Angeles I wanted to locate a da
98. ed for the CRT Mod sesssoeeses e e 209 00 Perfect Speller Mated to PW ccccaccvcccccevcvccceeses eSlL19 00 PWG PS woe coscvai ind Sa yeoren sie Sowa a0 Ohee sea ors uae asiaS200 00 Cash price with U S shipping Visa MC Net30 add 3 COD 6 Please specify RS232C connector sex on Password Widener Consulting 2835 NE Brogden Hillsboro OR 97123 503 648 0363 2995 PRINTER NOW 795 JOHNSON amp JOHNSON 817 589 2000 COMPUTER COR PO RATION 2229 E LOOP 820 FORT WORTH TEXAS 76118 Pushing Your Modem The price of 1200 baud modems is still a bit steep but there is another way you can cut down on your phone bill Most 300 baud modems are capable of more than 300 baud particularly if the dis tance is not too great or if the quality of the connection is good Some modems for example the S 100 PMMI modem can be pushed as fast as 710 baud with good results External modems usually will not support this speed but we can still do better than 300 baud I m using the new Novation J cat The cost was about 125 and I m really satis fied with it The modem has been abso lutely reliable for 2 months now and I ve yet to havea single reception error using MODEM7 Definitely an improvement over the accoustic coupled modem it is replacing Now for the trick The Novation will also work perfectly at 450 baud You re probably wondering How do I get 450 baud The 8116 Baud rate generator
99. el language it accepts source statements processes them and outputs an object file but the object file is a flowchart instead of a program To produce a flowchart you create a source file using ED or whatever that describes the flowchart EasyFlow reads the source file builds the flowchart in memory and then outputs it The flowchart is normally output to disk but it can be redirected to the console punch or printer The EasyFlow command language has facilities for describing what shapes are to go where what text is to go inside the shapes centered in the shape automatically by EasyFlow and the lines that are to connect the shapes Input to EasyFlow is free format in much the same manner as C programs and each statement is terminated with a semicolon Comments are indicated by and comments can be nested allowing you to comment out an entire section of source even if it contains other comments The example above shows both the source text describing a simple flowchart and the actual flowchart produced This particular flowchart explains how to setup the interrupt daisy chain jumpers on a Big Board l for all possible combination of installed options This IS explained in the BB I documentation but the flowchart makes it a lot more clear EasyFlow works with just about any printer some are better than others for producing flowcharts but even a teletype can produce useful flowcharts A full sized flowchart
100. er LST CON The ASCII code of anything typed on the keyboard will be sent to the printer ex cept cntl Z which is used to terminate the transmission Fortunately you don t usually need to send cntl Z code 1Ah to the printer The printer will not print until its line buffer is full or it receives a carriage re turn or line feed If it is not obvious how to send the first 32 codes the following table will help 00h entl1 6 Olh entl A 02h entl B 03h entl C 19h entl lt Y 1Ah entl Z 1Bh entl or ESC 1Ch entl 1Dh entl 1Eh entl i e control 1Fh entl i e control not used alone entl PAcntl PN starts 10 cpi starts continuous underlining stops continuous underlining defines superscripts defines subscripts A NEW TWIST FAT JACK READING RACK SEE COPY SCREEN KEYBOARD AT THE SAME TIME x EASILY ATTACHED TO ANY KAYPRO 16 WIDE AND STRONG FULLY SUPPORTS BOOKS MAGAZINES e REPORTS WITH UNIQUE PAGECLIP Dealer and group inquiries invited ONLY 17 95 1 50 Shipping Continental U S A Washington Residents Add 1 45 Sales Tax Cashier Checks amp Money Orders Shipped Promptly Personal Checks Must Clear 2 Weeks Price amp Configuration subject to change without notice The Best Accessory You ll Ever Buy For Your Kaypro ORDER FROM TWIST INC P O Box 1406 Renton WA 98057 EXPAND YOUR PROTENTIAL HARD DISK ADAPTOR Allows you to add meg
101. etty pretty printing page s USERS DISK 16 BB I Modem Software 1 RCPM27 list of U S bulletin boards 2 SMODEM interfaces BB I with Hayes Smartmodem 3 PLINK66 easy to use with non CP M host for port A 4 BBPAT menu selection of BAUD rate bits char parity amp stop bits 5 MODEM 7 Modem 7 plus BBPAT lets you talk to anything from port A MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 BB II DRIVE INTERFACE For 514 and 8 Drives Andy Bakkers is making this special software package available through Micro C Complete source HEX amp documentation files on an 8 SS SD disk Also outlines on disk the hardware changes needed 29 95 USERS DISK 17 Small C version 2 SMALLC2 this substantially expanded version of Small C now includes for goto label switch case external declarations new preprocessor commands expanded I O includes redirection initializers plus 2 new expressions The I O and runtime libraries have been greatly expanded including printf Source amp documentation on one full disk USERS DISK 18 FORTH IFORTH this is Idaho FORTH which can be burned into ROM or loaded from disk It replaces the PFM monitor amp handles all the monitor functions See issue 11 FORTH column for more info about IFORTH and this disk USERS DISK 19 BB I Double Density New BB I Monitor BIOS character ROM Winches ter Interface ZCPR and formatter from Trevor Marshall See BB I exp
102. f disk drives and which character to use as a cursor The character ROM works entirely in the doub e density 390K or double sided quad density video circuit and it determines what the characters look like on the screen for instance does the i 2 f have a high small cross bar or a lower longer one of the Micro C character ROM When 784K drives You get over 1 5 Megabytes on a two you speed up your Kaypro you are speeding up the processor clock so you have to use a monitor drive quad density system ROM that will also run at the higher speed You are not changing the video clock when you speed up the Kaypro so you don t need to change the character ROM unless you want the nicer looking character set Since the monitor ROM tells the processor how to do disk accesses you are going to have to change that ROM in order to upgrade to larger drives Th 1s new system can read write and format KayPro II Pro Monitor II for Kaypro I and KayPro 4 disks as well as KayPro 8 disks And it 1 This ROM is a fast part so you can run 4 or 5 MHz with your Kaypro II recognizes each disk type automatically 2 It gives you a non blinking block cursor much less irritating though you can specify a standard blinking underline if prefer it 3 It does faster disk accesses even if you don t speed up your system All this for onl 4995 T 4 It throws away null characters those little asterisks that sometimes garbage the screen during y data
103. f a language without using any arithmetic beyond integer addition Listing 2 PROGRAM FPTEST VAR I INTEGER X REAL BEGIN WRITELN chr 7 X 1 0E 04 3 0 FOR I 1 TO 30 DO BEGIN WRITE x X 0 1 X WRITELN x X X 0 1 X _ END WRITELN chr 7 END This program from Pascal Programs for Scientists and Engineers by Alan R Miller Sybex 1981 tests the speed range and accuracy of floating point calculations Listing 3 program test_log var i integer X y real JRT only add these statements function ln x real real extern function exp x real real extern begin To insure that loading of external procedures is not included in the timing add these statements for JRT x t 1n 1 0 x exp 1 0 x 1 0E 4 0 3 WRITELN chr 7 for i 1 to 20 do begin y ln x writeln x x ln y exp ln exp y x t 0 5 x end WRITELN chr 7 end i Tests the accuracy of floating point calculations exp ln x should x From Miller Listing 4 program tstsin var i integer x real For JRT add the following statement function sin x real extern begin for timing accuracy add this statement for JRT x sin 1 0 WRITELN chr 7 x ss 1 0E 4 0 3 for i 1 to 40 do begin writeln x x t 0 1 end WRITELN chr 7 end x sin sin x X Tests the sin function From Miller Micro Cornucopi
104. fined in order to write the port initializa tion software I will use SBASIC for the examples here because it allows the use of long identifiers and can be easily translated to another structured lan guage for those writing in C or Pascal The constants are shown in Figure 1 PIO Programming If you are not familiar with PIO pro gramming some of the constants will 4 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 need some explanation We will be using both of the ports in the control mode mode 3 In this mode the PIO is a bidirectional bit port To set this mode first you need to send O0CFh mode3 to the control port of the PIO The PIO will expect a second byte in this mode which will select which bits are to be inputs and which will be outputs A zero in a bit position will set that bit of the PIO as an output and a one will set it as an input For the Big Board BIT PORT bit 3 is the only bit that is an in put It is used as a keyboard data avail able signal So 4isoutput has a one in bit position 3 On the Kaypro it really doesn t matter which bits we set to input since none of them are used on this port The only important thing is to make sure there is a zero in bit position 4 The first order of business is setting up the BITPORT so that we can use it to se lect between the VDP and the PIO procedure set_bit_port out BITCNTL mode_3 gt out BITCNTL 4_is_ output end of set_bit_port Now we will b
105. for subscript These may be defined in the carriage roll sec tion of WINSTALL sQueezed printing 10528 C1 Cross Fox Lane Columbia MD 21044 The roll up carriage sequence should be defined as ESC J The roll down car riage sequence should be defined as ESC L These controls act as toggles The first occurrence of cntl PT will roll up the car riage the second occurrence will roll down the carriage The first occurrence of cntl PV will roll down the carriage the second occurrence will roll up the car riage Continuous Underlining Since the Microline 92 does not use a two color ribbon the WordStar ribbon control cntl PY can be used for continu ous underlining WordStar uses cntl PY as a toggle to start and stop this function In WINSTALL the cntl PY function is defined in the ribbon selection section The alternate selection control should be set as ESC C to start the underlining The standard selection control should be set as ESC D to stop the underlining The ribbon selection control has one advantage over its equivalent escape se quence When in the alternate selection WordStar will automatically revert back momentarily to the standard section to print out headers and footers Double Strike and Boldface One of the nicer features of the Micro line 92 is the correspondence quality printout There are however some anomalies Enhanced or emphasized printing has no effect when you are in the correspondence mo
106. g amp Handling AstroTronics os 714 734 6006 1137 TOPAZ ST MICROSYSTEMS CORONA CA 91720 ORDER FORM Micro C works because it is a central information exchange for What information would you like to see in Micro C the doers in this crazy industry So we encourage you to share your trials and tribulations That way we can invent new wheels rather than redoing the old ones over and over What kind of exciting adventure misadventure are you working on ee EEN oe SUBSCRIPTION 1 year 6 issues O 16 Bulk O 20 DF 26 ONew O Renewal O 20 1st Class Air Mail Air Mail s CP M 86 DISKS 8 SSSD s aa KAYPRO DISKS for the Il 4 amp 10 5 SSDD 12 AK ISSUES s OTHER ITEMS Prices include media package 1st Class postage Air Mail for Other Foreign O Check or money order enclosed Make checks payableto TOTAL US funds only payable on a US bank _ MICRO CORNUCOPIA ENCLOSED Card No O Visa O MasterCard Signature NAME Ci i iUUUvUvUvU UPMONE ADDRESS CITY CU STATE CUP MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 503 382 8048 EE EE a EEE BACK ISSUES 3 00 each US CAN MEX 5 00 each Other Foreign ISSUE NO 1 8 81 Power Supply RAM Protection Video Wiggle Y 4 PFM PRN 16 pages ISSUE NO 2 10 81 Parallel Print Driver Drive Motor Control Shugart Jumpers Program Storage
107. g was little more than teaching me the dimensions of their straightjacket If you have ever seen a Tektronix man ual you ll know immediately that it was written by an inhuman object a commit tee for an inhuman object an engineer As manuals go they aren t bad but you wouldn t take one to bed with you On the other hand you probably wouldn t take a scope to bed with you either Anyway I started Micro C because I loved computers and because I wanted to write without the straightjacket Well now I spend about five percent of my time writing and another five percent working on computers The rest of the time I m answering questions on the phone ordering sup plies filing cleaning off my desk and I still don t do it often enough writing ads writing replies to subscribers mak ing sure we have the right unemploy ment insurance fire insurance work man s comp insurance and generally doing all the other little and big things that have to be done to keep the business going I ve always had the feeling that in about six months things would ease up the long days would turn into something resembling eight hours and the six and _ seven day weeks would eventually be come five day weeks Well in three years it hasn t gotten much easier What I m doing is different now that Alice and Dorcas are taking and shipping orders and Dana is doing most of the hardware and software work sigh Plus
108. gestions on how to use WINSTALL to interface WordStar to an Okidata Mi croline 92 printer Escape Sequence Even though there are only four user patches it is possible to define all of the important printer options The trick is to define one of the user patches as just 1Bh which is the hex code for ESC Cntl PE seems an obvious choice The charac ter which follows becomes the printer control character The following is a brief list there is a complete list in the print er s manual Printer Options ESC 0 Data quality ESC 1 Correspondence quality ESC 2 User programmed ESC 6 Use 6 1 ineh ESC 8 Use 8 1 inch ESC C Start cont underlining ESC D Stop cont underlining ESC H Enter enhanced print ESC T Enter emphasized print ESC I Enter normal print ESC J Start superscript ESC K Stop superscript ESC L Start subscript _ ESC M Stop subscript Note You must use capital letters where shown Lower case letters have a different ASCII code and besides they don t look as nice Character Pitch Unfortunately not all printer func tions can be defined as an escape se quence There are four control characters which define character pitch The hex codes for these controls are 1C Hex For 12 epi 1D Hex For 17 cpi 1E Hex For 10 epi 1F Hex Double present width Note There is no command to undou ble at the current pitch The printer will automatically exit the double width mode when a new pitch is specified Three
109. gets picked up and someone cuts the grass See On Your Own in this issue for more information about my plans Anyway Eric will be handling sched uling of articles and he will be doing the initial editing New submissions should be sent to his attention Don t forget to indicate which disk etc you would like in return Submissions As long as we re on the subject here are a few guidelines for submissions 1 Over explain everything Show it step by step It s a lot easier for us to cut than add And safer 2 Include illustrations if appropriate They don t have to be pretty Sandy re draws practically everything just make them clear 3 We d appreciate it if you d send your submission on disk if it s longer than a page Please include a printout just in case the disk gets zapped in the mail 4 Fancy formatting justification makes the typesetter throw up not a pretty sight We can unformat WordStar files pretty easily but don t add any hy phens soft or otherwise We have to re move all hyphens by hand so please don t add them 5 Please put your name address and phone number on the disk in the disk and on the printout Let us know if you continued on page 48 Dear Editor I would like to thank you all for creat ing such a fine periodical and offering such useful information on hardware and software some with considerable price savings over the 7 11 type comput er s
110. ght all be worth it It s even possible that you too might need to write without a straightjacket Turn in a Friend Now that Eric Belden has joined Micro C assistant editor and kitchen help I m going to get a chance to do something I ve been wanting to do for a long time You see I d like to spend some time with the people who are moving and shaking in our end of the computer world people who are surviving with a computer hardware and software de signers and writers I d like to get to know the famous early computer people like Ward Christianson Leor Zolman and Don Lancaster If you know people who are doing great things with single board systems or who are just really in teresting philosophers designers etc whose ideas are way beyond mere mor tals then let me know I plan to take a camera and a pad I know I know but no one has come up with a notebook sized portable that meets my needs yet sol can put themin Micro C generally in this column I m very excited about this I think it will be a chance for all of us to get a real feel for the people who are working at the edges of this great technology So if you know the whereabouts of any of these people please call or drop me a line Include as much information as you can as well your name and phone number 1984 West Coast Computer Faire The Computer Faire people have tenta tively scheduled a Micro C meeting for Saturday afternoon March 24
111. ght there I called Otto and he was very excited about the idea Stay tuned for further de velopments We ll no doubt get to play with some of the very exciting new boards from Slicer at the same time Be sure to call Slicer for more details if you are interested We re going to put up a bulletin board a wooden one where you can post buy and sell messages as well as information requests In fact if you can t attend the SOG but want something posted just send it in on a postcard size piece of pa per and we ll take care of it Plus lasked Trevor Marshall to bring along his port able bulletin board Hopefully I ll be able to coerce the local phone company into installing a line for the event Then those of you who can t be here in body can be here in baud And think of all the happy sysops you could talk to More on this as it develops Sunday Sightseeing We ll collect again at the hatchery fora last look at the equipment and then we ll break up into groups for guided hiking and sightseeing All the details aren t worked out but there are more interesting things to do here than any one person could do ina lifetime For instance Bend is in the center of one of the most varied geological areas in the U S There has been very dramatic and recent volcanic activity here as well as older pre 8080 formations You can explore great lava flows or try your hand at professional caliber rock climbing several of la
112. hackers who just can t leave anything alone Look you probably have faults too The source of FORTH is here because there isn t room on K12 This is the only disk that isn t stuffed KayPro Disk K14 Smartmodem Programs This is the disk for you if you have a Smartmodem compatible modem With this disk you can communicate with anything but a recalcitrant spouse Handles goodies like autodial along with multiple directories SMODEMK Smartmodem program set up for the KayPro and source XMODEM Lets you remotely control your KayPro from a distant computer KAYTERM This is the information you need to run or write modem software on the KayPro KayPro Disk K15 Hard Disk Utilities This disk is for the KayPro 10 or any KayPro with a Winchester drive With these routines you can not only backup files with printed directories of the backup disks you can also break up large files The backed up files are not encoded as they are with KayPro s backup routine so you can access them on any system KayPro Disk K16 Pascal Compiler This is a real Pascal compiler It supports only a subset of the language no records pointers booleans reals or complex but it generates a real COM file Everything is on this disk the com piler its source example programs and docu mentation KayPro Disk K17 Z80 Tools This is for those of you who are into Z80 assembly language XLATE COM A very good 8080 to Z80 transla tion routine
113. have been soldered in installation is a simple matter requiring only about 15 minutes The Gilderfluke amp Co Graphics Adapter retails for 175 00 California residents must add 6 2 sales tax Please include your Kaypro s serial number with order If you have a Kaypro II which says KAYPRO on the boot prompt rather than KAYPRO II please indicate this when you order Dealer inquiries are invited AVAILABLE SOON FOR THE AND 10 s The features it will add to your Kaypro include 32 GRAPHICS CHARME lower case DESCEMDERS PROTECTED 26th STATUS LINE I FUNCTION KEYS THRO KEYPAG BLOCK HORNAL CURSOR CURSOR ON OFF KEYCLICK ON OFF MAERO WRAP AL END OF EINE CURSOR POSITION REP SAUE and SETURH TI TE SAVER POSITION YS QUERY RES ae t EPROM PROGRAMMER interfaces to the BBI XEROX 820 parallel port Requires 5v 3A 25v 1A interface cable Software and schematic Bareboard and schematic Software and bareboard Software and kit less ZIFs Software and full kit Programmer A T S H within N A S H foreign orders Big Board Il software and source uses BB II sockets for programming Software is delivered on a 8 inch SS SD floppy disk Program Verify Load and check for Erased Intel Eproms 2716 2732 A 2764 27128 T I Eproms 2516 2532 2564 Xicor EEprom 2816A Uses 16k bytes of system memory as a buffer allowing you to work with up to 8 2716 EPROMs at the same time
114. he error The numerous extensions aside Tur bo has only six deviations from the Pas cal standard Lack of GET and PUT are the most significant READ and WRITE have been extended procedures may not be used as parameters to procedures and NEW MARK and RELEASE rather than NEW and DISPOSE are used to control dynamic variables There are nine compiler directives These give you control over parameters like run time index checking user inter rupts and recursive code generation Their actions and consequences are fully explained in the manual As an example if user interrupts are enabled the user will be able to stop the program with a cntl C at any time How ever in this mode execution will be sig nificantly slower Extensions Turbo has all the extensions the other compilers have plus 1 Up to 127 significant characters in identifiers 2 Hex input with the prefix 3 Variable type BYTEunsigned 8 bit integer subrange 4 Dynamic strings Though you must specify maximum length full range of string handling procedures functions strings can be concatenated with plus you get STR which con verts a number to a character string and VAL which converts a string to a nu meric value 5 The declaration part of a program is free form Although standard Pascal specifies that the LABEL CONST TYPE VAR and PROCEDURE FUNC TION declaration parts of a program may occur zero or one time and only in Pascal
115. hese problems make up a disk with ZCPR in the system tracks follow the instructions with disk K9 if you don t already have ZCPR in your system then add DDT COM and SYSGEN COM from your original Kay pro system disk Put this disk in drive A See Figure 1 for the procedure Now hit the reset button on the back of your Kaypro and after the reboot you should have your keypad back Null Program An empty file can be a lifesaver if you accidentally exited a program before sav ing the data What you really want to do is be back in the program without writ ing over your work With some pro grams re entering simply resets the da ta pointers so you don t save your data but itis worth a try See C ing Clearly in this issue for another possible solution if this doesn t work Anyway if you find yourself back in the operating system when you d rather be in the program try this assuming you are on drive A A gt SAVE 0 REPEAT COMcr gt A gt REPEATcr gt What you are doing is creating an empty file and then telling CP M to run that file Of course when CPM loads RE PEAT it loads nothing then it jumps to memory location 100H where it assumes the code for REPEAT begins Well of course the code for your previous pro gram should still begin at 100H so you are off and running Shugart Floppy Drives One of the types of drives that Kaypro particularly likes is the Shugart SA 455 Bill MacDonald has had som
116. his col umn and so I m taking this opportunity to set the record straight I have suggested numerous times that you do your own thing start your own business as a consultant or whatev er and then reap the rewards of your ef fort Well that s just fine except for two things First if you don t make it you ll have put in a lot of time and effort for little more than an education which isn t necessarily all bad but wasn t exactly what you were hoping for Second if you do succeed you may well find that your success takes you away from what you really enjoy doing Micro C Let s take Micro C as an example It s been more successful than I had hoped it might be We have over 4 000 subscrib ers and who knows how many people read each copy Subscriptions and ad vertising are paying for the printing typesetting and postage Disks and ROMs are paying for the building insur ance heat help and our time I started Micro C because I enjoyed building the Big Board and because I really enjoyed writing At least I enjoyed writing when I felt like I was talking di rectly with my reader I always felt that was the purpose of writing You see after spending a couple of years on the city desk for a daily paper and a couple more years writing techni cal manuals for Tektronix before mov ing over into engineering I found that I felt stifled writing to their specifications What they called trainin
117. hops I purchased FlowCharter from Haven Tree Software Limited It is a great pack age and a much needed tool for main taining documentation on a software project We all know how important flow charts are and how much of a pain in the backsides they are to produce and main tain The Bloodthirsty License Agreement and Honest Disclaimer for the package are worth a million Howy Kyrk 18100 SW Augusta Aloha OR 97006 Dear Editor Wow The gang at Micro Cornucopia is making the humble little Kaypro into one hot machine First 5 MHz and now 800K per drive Those PC clones better watch out There is one mod that many of us would love to see on the Kaypro and it s a 256K RAM disk It ought to make PW swap files and TW work likea dream I m sure you d have a lot of interest espe cially from those of use who can t afford and see little use for a full blown co processor One question will the PRO Monitor ROMs II 4 and 8 work with the Uni form software and still enable the Kay pro to read and write disks formatted for other machines Mike Perry 6035 40 th Ave NE Seattle WA 98115 Editor s note Check with MicroSphere 503 388 1194 on the schedule for the RAM disk Tony did _ the design and it s fancier than the one he did for the BB I It will do self diagnostics and print buffering as well as acting as a RAM disk They are working on making it support 512K as well as 256K and it will be pretty cheap
118. ible If you don t have a real alignment disk find a factory distribution disk and then adjust the small concentric screw on the back of the drive until you have maximum output from the heads Do this on track 13 hex the middle track After aligning on track 13 check tracks 0 and 27 If either 0 or 27 alignment is quite different than track 13 then you probably have a warped frame and you might as well junk the drive You can use one of the disk utilities like DU COM or our Kaypro diagnostic disk to get the the drive to step out to the proper track Morrow MD 11 I took a byte out of the Morrow MD 11 in Issue 14 page 21 and immediately got a nibble out of David Block product manager for the 11 I mentioned in 14 that their release didn t make sense because it inferred that they were not using a winchester controller Well it turns out that the Z80 is the winchester controller and it s the floppy controller yep no 1793 In fact he mentioned that there were only 3 LSI chips in the system the Z80 an SIO and a DART asynchronous version of the SIO Well after he told me that I was too stunned to speak hardly so I spoke soft ly Everyone else is plugging in a West ern Digital floppy controller chip and winchester controller card and calling it good Not Morrow Speed It turns out that they are using a few TTL chips a small CRC generator chip to check for bad disk sectors and the Z80 to tra
119. in any or der and any number of times so it s con venient to use a library of source mod ules 6 Pi 11 digits is a pre defined con stant 7 Arithmetic as well as logical boolean AND OR NOT and XOR and the bit manipulation operators SHR and SHL shift right and shift left 8 Else clause in the CASE statement 9 Typed constants This is unique to Turbo and extremely handy Though de clared in the CONST portion of the pro gram typed constants are really initial ized variables and can be used as such No more long sequences of assignment statements to give variables their default or initial values 10 Random access file I O is imple mented with SEEK to position to a spe cific record The FILEPOS function re turns the current position of the file pointer ERASE RENAME and FILE SIZE are builtin TEXT files are fully sup ported as are untyped files with BLOCK READ and BLOCKWRITE 11 There are no less than 8 pre de fined TEXT files including the default INPUT and OUTPUT To output to the printer just write to the pre defined file LST 12 Turbo includes nine terminal re lated procedure functions Their actions are defined by the terminal installation program and thus are customized to your system 13 FRAC returns the fractional part of a real number HI and LO return the high and low order bytes of an integer and SWAP exchanges the high and low order bytes of an integer 14 RANDOM retu
120. ion errors come in two varie ties fatal and nonfatal An example of fatality would be unbalanced condition als during a word compilation forget ting a THEN or using too many BEGINs Obviously the word isn t going to work so why continue A nonfatal error might be the redefini tion of a word FORTH should tell you but keep on executing You could be smarter than the compiler and want to redefine words A good article on com piler security was written by George Shaw and is found in FORTH Dimen sions volume III n1 page 15 It dis cusses the pros and cons of this topicand should be required reading 26 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Execution Errors Execution errors occur when the user makes an incorrect entry too few pa rameters incorrect order etc Here FORTH might abort the program or ig nore the problem Be reasonable though because 1 you can t catch all the errors 2 you might catch too many and reject a correct entry 3 your program will get large and slow Hardware and compiler errors should be handled by the FORTH vendor An execution error should be trapped by the application programmer Trapping Errors The FIG error handling word set con tains 4 definitions WARNING MES SAGE ERROR and ERROR defined below n MESSAGE n is a message number FORTH divides the message number by 16 to yield a block number and line number within the block with the 64 character
121. ir idiosyncracies not just how they are supposed to function If you are doing CP M systems programming this book will help you avoid many many pitfalls Beginners Too But this book is not just for experi enced programmer It starts out with a tutorial for beginners and the informa tion is very thorough without talking down to the reader Plus it is organized such that you don t have to refer ahead to something that hasn t yet been cov ered The transition from user material to systems material is done via several short assembly language listings These listings also introduce you to other as pects of CP M such as assemblers and they introduce you to methods for gen erating screen displays Writing Style Cortesi s style is a model of clarity This is the first computer book I find my self picking up just because I enjoy the prose It has the same urbane witty gentle style as Micro C Plus Comments On Other Topics I ve got a request for those of you who have done multiple modifications to your systems Which mods work togeth er What happens if you doa commercial double density upgrade and one of the 256K mods Which 256K mod works with what software Do keyboard trans lations routines interfere with use of oth er programs Which programs Please let Micro C know so we can come up with a table of compatibles in compatibles Also I d like to mention that the CBIOS on user disk 2 and 9 is r
122. is needed then the routine should set up its own stack and when done restore BASIC s stack Upon return from the subroutine the values of the registers are saved back into the inte ger variables given by name x The sub routine is CALLed and should return control with a RET instruction a o NAE E Ee oee Ra e aes a J ten SPO M BI V Ho Awe we oo Reserved Character 83 Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Reserved Where Prohibited 48 Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character Character 15 37 84 85 37 83 37 84 14 84 85 14 84 37 84 14 84 37 37 Reserved Character 14 Reserved Character 14 Reserved Character 14 Exponent Hexadecimal Entry 15 16 14 41 Reserved Character 37 Reserved Character 14 84 Reserved Character 37 Reserved Character 37 CONSTANT 124 END MODULE 125 INCLUDE 125 LINES 122 LIST 126 INDEX FOR THE SBASIC MANUAL LOADPT 127 MODULE 125 PAGE 124 STACK 126 TRACE 122 A ABS RS 39 114 Access to Data Files 90 Address Array data 49 50 140 Error Code 64 File Address 100 130 131 File control block feb 137 141 AND Logical function 14 39 55 56 57 59 Application notes 136 139 Arrays 47 4
123. isp flicker free display that looks extremely sharp even on small monitors Hardware scroll and full cursor control Composite video or split video and sync Character set is supplied on a 2716 style ROM making customized fonts easy Sync pulses can be any desired length or polarity Video may be inverted or true 5 x 7 Matrix Upper amp Lower Case FLOPPY DISC CONTROLLER Uses WD1771 controller chip with a TTL Data Separator for enhanced reliability IBM 3740 compatible Supports up to four 8 inch disc drives Directly compatible with standard Shugart drives such as the SA800 or SA801 Drives can be configured for remote AC off on Runs CP M 2 2 TWO PORT PARALLEL I O OPTIONAL Uses Z 80 PIO Full 16 bits fully buffered bi directional Uses selectable hand shake polarity Set of all parts and connectors for parallel 1 O 19 95 REAL TIME CLOCK OPTIONAL Uses Z 80 CTC Can be configured as a Counter on Real Time Clock Set of all parts 9 95 CP M 2 2 FOR BIG BOARD The popular CP M D O S to run on Big Board is available for 139 00 DOUBLE DENSITY ADAPTER BOARD 149 95 A amp T Requires no cuts or MODS to an existing Big Board Gives up to 670K storage on a single sided 8 in diskette With software to patch your CP M 2 2 PFM 3 3 2K SYSTEM MONITOR The real power of the Big Board lies in its PFM 3 3 on board monitor PFM commands include Dump Memory Boot CP M Copy Examine Fill Memory Test Memory Go To
124. l check every file on the disk All squeezed files will be unsqueezed 8 Users Disks 15 00 each OTHER GOODIES Screen Editor in Small C 39 00 A simple but full function screen text editor plus a text formatter all written in Small C by Edward Ream This package includes the editor and formatter COM files setup for the Big Board Small C itself and source code for all With the documentation this is over 400K on a flippy disk Edward is selling this package for 50 you can buy it from us for 39 and Ed gets a royalty Where else can you get an editor a ae aCcompiler and source for all for under 40 More ROMS Fast monitor ROMs for speed freaks and our famous better than Texas character ROM V2 3 for screen freaks Fast Monitor ROM BB1 29 95 Deluxe Character ROM BB1 or KayP eo cncsiseesie ges cicedd cus tebes SWP s CO POWER 88 makes Z80 CP M microcomputers IBM PC compatible CO POWER 88 is a 16 bit 8088 coprocessor for Z80 CP M computers Both versions of CO POWER 88 128k and 256k RAM include both CP M 86 and MSDOS complete with IBM PC compatibility A facility for transferring data files between CP M and MSDOS is included IES ALLE gt sO RabSat LERTE PSS ESTE ST Be Simple commands move system control between the Z80 and 8088 processors CO POWER 88 s RAM can be used in CP M as a RAM drive Cur rently available for Ka
125. led owners manual including schematic All chips socketed Not a kit Completely built and tested 48 hour dynamic burn in and test before shipment 90 day limited warranty on parts and workmanship 24 hour return policy on repairs Delivery from stock NOTICE TO PREVIOUS CUSTOMERS Send us your old disk anda suitable S A S E for your free copy of our new software ver 1 6 PROGRAMMER 4 WITH OWNERS MANUAL AND DISK 199 95 ton OPErIPACO Q gt e 1659 Scott Blvd Suite 1 P Santa Clara CA 95050 C 408 244 5214 VISA and MASTERCARD telephone orders welcome Please specify Disk format CP M 8 IBM format KAYPRO II XEROX 820 OSBORNE I others Please specify method of shipment UPS or Postal Service California residents add 6 Sales Tax Dealer Inquiries invited ony serene Slicer Column By Earl Hinrichs 245 Marshall St NE Minneapolis MN 55418 Just a note on some things happening here I have spent the last few days tracking down some undocumented fea tures in the software Some people might call them bugs but those of us who write software know better right BDOS Errors The first time you select a hard disk after a boot the system does a disk recal ibration If the disk operation is not com pleted in time then the system times out with a BDOS select error We do this to keep the system from hanging if there is no drive Since you can assume that your hard disk is always
126. led up the screen This white flecky snow disappears when you install a Pro Character ROM The character ROM comes in two flavors 1 The standard Greek Pro Character has the nicer character set plus the standard Kaypro Greek characters 2 a 2 The Clean Pro Character has the nicer character set but no Greek characters This is the ROM r r n l a for people who get strange Greek characters on the screen when interfacing with Mainframe systems 3 Complete printed instructions for simple plug in installation takes 5 minutes Note These ROMs will not work in the KayPro 10 or the latest KayPro 4 with graphics it P A O Box 2 2 3 contains the KayPro 10 board We are working on new ROMs for these systems Prices Bend OR 97709 Pro Monitor IE mes diotenetan enna a ew aaa ER a aa del a a EE ES a a a 29 95 Pio Monitor 4eios ce diid s ce upenes aaea DE EEE PAE NAE se 29 95 Pro Monitor 8 package onesossusousosesesssesesscsssesorereerereeee 49 95 503 382 8048 Pro Character either Greek or Clean ccc ccc cccccccce eects ceeeeesecees 29 95 Fes acs Sel Pro Set I Pro Monitor I amp Pro Character cc ceeee ee ee eee ee cnet eens 55 00 ifi im Pro Set 4 Pro Monitor 4 amp Pro Character cceeceee cere cece cece en eees 55 00 VI SA 2 5 Pacific Time Pro Set 8 Pro Monitor 8 package amp Pro Character 70 00 ps Monday F r iday pn On Your Own By David Thompson Ivebeen very guilty of bias in t
127. line printed on the console n ERROR Calls MESSAGE and then aborts ce n ERROR A truth flag ce is tested If true ERROR is called else the message number is dropped and execution continued WARNING n A user variable flag that if true allows the disk access to fetch the error message if false only the message number itself is printed I don t like 7ERROR for system error messages A cryptic 257 7ERROR hid den ina word tells me nothing The max imum size is a 64 character message and all messages must be duplicated in every disk standalone or file captured However for those of you who prefer this method we ve left 7ERROR in UNI FORTH If we don t use 7ERROR then what er ror handling method does UNIFORTH provide Two new words are defined ce ABORT ssss Test the truth flag on the stack top If true issue the error message ssss and abort execution If false bypass the error message and continue n ARGS t Test the size of the stack to be sure at least n arguments are present If sufficient arguments exist leave a true flag otherwise leave a false flag ABORT is now part of the FORTH 83 standard A public domain version of the word can be found in the article by David Boulton FORML Proceedings 1981 page 161 Use it often during the devel opment of an application An extra kilo byte of error messages often makes a real difference to the user ARGS can be used as a pre
128. mediately starts from the left edge of the screen to take its place The speed at which the ships move across the screen should be adjustable The letters that are being typed should show up on the screen reduces the temptation to look at the keyboard The backspace key should delete characters and the user must hit the spacebar to end a word There are a number of differing views about the order in which people should learn the characters One study indicates that people should learn all the letters under the index fingers first Another in dicates that they should learn words as soon as possible So combining the two you would begin with frtgbv with the left hand and juyhnm with the right hand That doesn t give you too many words but once you add the third fin gers edc and ik you have many words to work with including word endings like ing and ed Software Technical Support If you have questions about any of the Kaypro software particularly SBASIC try calling their software technical sup port group The direct dial number is 619 481 3920 No guarantees but they try ZCPR Fix We ve received some calls from people who have ZCPR disk K9 and have found two problems First they can t use the numeric keypad and second when they hit cntl C when inside a text editor they warm boot out of the edi tor We ve fixed the problem on the cur rent disks If you want to fix t
129. miliar If you ve used FORTH at all you ve run across many more ex amples of good and bad error handling Error Handling One of the biggest arguments in the FORTH community is over error han dling Should FORTH be smart and warn or trap you every time it thinks you ve made an error Or should error handling be the responsibility of the us er so the FORTH can be compact and fast and so that youcan play tricks when you want to My feeling is this The basic FORTH system needs some error handling but it should be minimal It should guard the programmer against common mistakes like unpaired conditionals or dividing by zero but not prevent the user from fully using his computer For example a com mon error with memory dump words like CDUMP is to interchange the argu ments The correct order is adr ent CDUMP But often you will enter cnt adr CDUMP For large addresses this second form will print for a long time You might pro tect against this problem within CDUMP by making sure the top stack argument count is smaller than the next lower ar gument address However this pre vents you from performing long dumps or dumps at low addresses In other words be selective in your error han dling in your basic system However for an application program which will be sold or used heavily you should add extensive error handling Nothing turns the first time user off 7415 Leahy Road New Carrollton MD 20784 30
130. n bringing up the system you specify a work file normally a Pascal source file which becomes the default for the single character commands Edit Com pile Run or Save If the work file is an include module the Main command is used to specify the parent source pro gram Turbo is set up for efficient program development The file type of PAS is as sumed unless specified If the current work file had not been compiled before the Run command is given the compiler will be automatically invoked The eXecute command allows other programs to be run from within the Tur bo system For instance if you find thata needed source module is not on a cur rent disk PIP can be run with the eXe cute command to transfer the file after which the Turbo system and the current work file will be reloaded The Dir command accepts the stand ard wild card ambiguous file refer ences and also lists available disk space The Option command lets you specify compiler parameters Through appropriate selection of Work file Main file and Options pro grams can be compiled memory to mem ory memory to disk COM file output disk to memory or disk to disk For ad vanced applications you can specify low level parameters such as the abso lute location of code and data within memory The Editor The built in editor is a WordStar com patible full screen editor Default com mands for cursor movement delete and insert and bl
131. namic ram chips gradeouts from a 200ns production line perfect for use in dynaDisk We have a limited quanti ty of these rams available to us at this RIDICULOUSLY LOW PRICE WHY WAIT ORDER NOW DO IT YOURSELF CROSS ASSEMBLERS LANGUAGE TRANSLATORS STRUCTURED LANGUAGES ALL IN ONE 39 95 PROGRAM e Use the XLT Macro Processor as a pre processor to your favorite assembler and do the job right To translate a file of definitions is read by XLT and com pared to the input text A match causes the input text to be replaced with the definition s contents e XLT allows up to ten arguments in a definition arguments containing spaces or tabs incremen ting decrementing strings a stack and conditional text replacement Includes definitions to translate Z80 to 8080 mnemonics and vice versa and definitions to imple ment CSAL a C structured assy language allowing code like add u hi to be written a hl e XLT users can pool their definitions via the XLT Users Group NLT costs 39 95 For CP M 2 2 8 single density disk 780 systems Please add 5 00 for postage and handling All orders shipped first class Satisfaction guaranteed Please no COD s or PO s Send check or money order to 6708 Melrose Los Angeles L A Software ia os CA residents add sales tax CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Prices and specifications subject to change without notice Pascal Procedures John P Jones This column is
132. nd very practical If the object code is too large to com pile to memory a simple command sends the output to an executable COM file Large programs can be compiled asa number of smaller programs which can then be CHAINed for execution Chain modules contain only program code no runtime library and thus use less disk space Since chained programs can share variables the lack of an overlay mecha nism is not a serious problem Criticisms I found it difficult to find anything sig nificant to criticize in the package There are however a few nitpicking details that can be mentioned 1 I would have preferred a 3 ring binder for the documentation This is ob viously a personal preference 2 The listing utility TLIST COM does not use form feeds for pagination and at least two printers lost track and got out of synchronization with page boundaries 3 There is no default length for dy namic strings the maximum length must be declared 4 There is no way to override return ing to the editor when compile time er rors are encountered At times it would be convenient to scan the entire source for errors before invoking the editor Conclusions Asa standard Pascal Turbo is without question one of the most cost effective purchases you can make There are enough extensions and built in facilities to make the package as useful as C for even low level work while much more convenient to use I would not hesitate
133. nguage Rou tines The discussion of the CALL statement has all but vanished from the most recent manual but the Ap Note is still there now on page 140 Study it For the enlightenment of those who don t have one of the old manuals I here repeat the text of the explanation this detailed explanation was replaced by three lines on page 128 of the new manu al Wonders will never cease The following information and state ment is for the experienced programmer used to working with assembly language routines Sometimes a given task can best be accomplished using assembly language routines Structured BASIC provides a method by which such rou tines can be invoked The form of the statement is CALL exp name1 na me2 name3 name4 where exp is an integer expression that determines what memory address is to be called i e where in memory the routine is The name x are integer variables whose val ues will be stored in the CPU registers according to the following format name1 HL register pair name2 DE register pair name3 BC register pair name4 Register A PSW The second form of the statement is CALL exp This form is used to execute a routine without passing any argu ments exp is an integer expression that determines what memory address is to be called This expression should not start with a left bracket Both forms should use not more than 4 levels of stack space If more
134. nsfer data from disk to memo Figure 1 ZCPR Patch for Kaypro Note lt cr gt stands for carriage return Now enter A gt dentl C WARM BOOT ry They force the Z80 to execute a NOP instruction a NOP means No OPera tion which it does very quickly The Z80 then increments the address lines to point to the next instruction The Mor row folks force feed it another NOP and on and on for the number of bytes being read off the disk Meanwhile the little TTL chips have taken over the data bus and are transfer ring data into memory at the addresses selected by the Z80 Using this process it takes 1 6 us per byte 5 Megabits per sec ond to transfer data into memory The average disk access time is 80 ms Since they are running 128 K and CP M 3 0 they are also buffering the directory in RAM and doing track reads any time they go to the disk When you think about the speed they are getting and the bucks they are saving by removing most of the big chips have you tried to buy a winchester controller card lately the system looks mighty in teresting i Wanted Typing Tutor I ve been getting a number of calls from Kaypro folks about a typing train ing program Look they have really great ones for Apples Commodores Ataris and Timex s How about the Kay pro After all this would be a perfect project for SBASIC hit the C key while holding down the cntl key A gt sysgen lt er gt it will ask you for source d
135. o it originates at E400 Bakker s AUTOBIOS expects it to be the standard CP M which originates at E600 for a 59K system Take your edi tor or word processor and change the base equation to look like this MSIZE 20 1024 200H in AUTOBIOS MAC if you are one of the unfortunate people to have this CP M Next assemble the AUTOBIOS as shown in Figure 1 You are probably wondering why I didn t patch my CP M to be a standard CP M I tried the patch in Micro C 9 and it would not work for me so for now this will have to do Also I made a little change in the file MEMORY MAC How ever every time you boot up you would have to run the CONFIG program to set up your drives because the boot auto matically resets all drives to 8 Drive Defaults In this file I changed the binary num ber so it would default to A 8 inch B 8 inch C 5 inch and D 8 inch Look for the label typeflag You will find a bi nary number 00001111b Change to 00001011b i is Drive A 1 8 inch is drive B 0 5 inch is drive C is drive D Phenix Company of California 1619 S Minnie St Santa Ana CA 92707 714 547 4316 This will set up your drives automati cally so you don t have to run the CON FIG program after each boot Once everything was working I re configured the 514 drive to read and write Eagle Ile disks At the company where I work we have several Eagles on which I need to download our existing 8 CP M software And
136. ock and control commands are identical to those for Wordstar Also commands can be fully customized with the terminal installation program The actions of a few commands have been optimized for writing Pascal source For instance a tab cntl I moves the cursor to the position below the be ginning of the next word on the line above This makes indentation and col umn alignment convenient The Compiler The compiler is a standard Pascal compiler with few exceptions and many extensions When Turbo locates syntax errors it invokes the editor and posi tions the cursor at the error If you had the compiler include the optional error messages you will get a description of the error as well as the error number If you need more information you can go to the manual Speed Compilation is fast The demo pro gram provided with the system a mini spreadsheet 1262 source lines compiles disk to disk in 74 seconds on a 4MHz 6245 Columbia Ave St Louis MO 63139 314 645 1596 Kaypro 4 Editor s note The demo program compiles in 12 seconds on the Slicer see the Slicer Column for more details Small pro grams which can be compiled memory to memory will compile in seconds Run time errors can be located in the SOURCE Run time error messages in clude the value of the program counter this value is then used as a parameter in the Find option Once the error is locat ed the editor is called and the cursor points to t
137. offer So I bit the bullet and ordered my pack age We take a big chance when we order programs by post There is no guarantee that we will receive what we order and the lines of communication from Down Under are long with no legal redress Further our customs is very aggressive and insists that we pay 35 import duty on the invoice cost of discs plus a further 20 sales tax which amounts to 67 At the same time I ordered my origi nal Big Board froma nameless hopeless Australian agent and waited with bated breath for it all to arrive I eventually re _ ceived the Big Board together with CP M and soon found that I needed a great deal of help getting started with CP M This may seem a little off the track in an article dealing with Database sys tems but I feel it is essential to inform you fully of my limited ability so that you may gauge the ease with which I can use dBasell My main occupation is microcomputer consultant Since learning to use dBase I have written many specific use programs for use in analysing clients problems I have used it mainly in writing front end programs to prepare data to be proc essed later by the traditional accounting programs I have also however com pleted a sales management and auto matic quote system and a complete job estimate and cost analysis program for the printing industry This printing package will be put into service using the Runtime package in the next few
138. often CP M is homing the drive You d expect it to home the drive once on a cold boot perhaps but that s about all since CP M86 does not use the disk on a warm boot and the system is kept ina file rather than on track 0 There is noth ing at all on track 0 that would interest CP M86 but you ll find it homing the drive all the time In fact it ll home as many as ten times during one PIP OK since our screen is getting filled with our register dumps let s reset the system again and enter 80 2518 2518 CC C3 2519 E5 G80 2500 This puts a return in the home disk en try in the jump table then reboots CP M Now the BIOS will ignore the disk home requests I have been running my CP M just fine this way and it s of course a bit faster Unless I find a situa tion where home is really needed I am going to remove it from everything we ship Editor s note I ve heard you can t be too sentimental when you re an engi neer but a guy s home is his home By the way amp repeat is a most un derrated command Itis particularly use ful when you are using an oscilloscope Otto has some examples of this in the check out procedures in the manual Another interesting experiment is to watch how many times CP M calls the BIOS read command and how often the BIOS actually reads You will be sur prised how many reads are eliminated by the track buffering One of these days I will add condition al branching
139. omments from those who have received it This two volume set is perfect for those times when you need a break from monitor watching A ad on 27 95 US Can Mex Sate Oe rere eee 37 95 Other foreign This is one of the best books on CP M It covers the whole spectrum of users from novice to guru There are a few books that include more programming examples but none work better for the whole range of users and this book is perfect for reference use Micro C s copy of Inside CP M is showing definite signs of overuse MICRO CORNUCOPIA P O Box 223 Bend Oregon 97709 FERGUSON ENGINEERING 817 640 0207 XEROX 820 COMPUTER BOARDS CLOSEOUT S4 65 UNTESTED These boards are in like new condition Two out of three will run right out of the box 820 is VERY similar to BIGEBOARD Limited supply have 12 known defective 820 bds Very legible C size 820 schematics set of six drawings STD BUS connector for BBII CRYDOM 8312 OV switching SSR Linear power supply new SV BA 12V 2A ALPHA 6 3 wire AC power cord w mating SWITCHCRAFT EAC 301 connector NEC UPD416 16K dyn RAM Complete 820 Documentation Package 820 Video Cable 10 Pin Header to CRT edge card 1 820 CBIOS amp Rom monitor source 8 Dual Drive Cable 17 10 Pin Header to CRT Edge Card 12 DB25S to 26 Pin Header 18 Long AMP 8 Drive AC Power Connector W Pins AMP 8 Drive DC Power Connector W Pins AMP 5 1
140. on computer runs at 4 MHz Its Monitor code is lean uses Mode 2 interrupts and makes good use of the Z80 A DMA chip E 64K Dynamic RAM 4K Static CRT RAM 24K E E PROM or Static RAM Big Board II has three memory banks The first memory bank has eight 4164 DRAMs that provide 60K of user space and 4K of monitor space The second memory bank has two 2Kx8 SRAMs for the memory mapped CRT display and space for six 2732As 2Kx8 static RAMs or pin compatible EEPROMS The third memory bank is for RAM or ROM added to the board via the STD bus Whether bought as a bare board an unkit or assembled and tested it comes with a 2732 EPROM containing Russell Smith s superb Monitor Multiple Density Controller for SS DS Floppy Disks The new Cal Tex single board computer has a multiple density disk controller It can use 1793 or 8877 controller chips since it generates the side signa with TTL parts The board has two connectors for disk signals one with 34 pins for 5 25 drives the other with 50 pins for 8 drives E Vastly Improved CRT Display The new Ferguson SBC uses a 6845 CRT controller and SMC 8002 video attributes controller to produce a display rivaling the display of quality terminals There are three display modes Character block graphics and line graphics The board emulates an ADM 3t with 24 lines of 80 characters formed by a 7x9 dot matrix STD Bus The new Ferguson computer has an STD Bus port for easy system
141. own one byte This will correct the doubled clock rate 3 Use a Z80 B A parts for the SIO PIO CTC seem to work fine 4 If you re using the EZ Prommer re member to adjust the pulse timing or you ll underburn all of your proms 5 Forget PACMAN It s just too quick Gary Kaufman 2001 Hamilton St Box 87 Philadelphia PA 19130 215 496 0687 Modem Warning We ve gotten some feedback on the Anchor Signalman modems Their sig nal output appears to be significantly lower than other direct connect mo dems Therefore if you are having trou ble communicating with bulletin boards and you have a Signalman you might just try anew modem Dave Thompson Winchester Disk Closeout 299 95 Seagate ST 506 6 megabytes unformated Like new with only a few hours power on time comes with a manuals sales tax Wash State only not included Contact Tracy LIBERTY BAY COMPUTING INC P O Box 459 Poulsbo WA 98370 206 779 5656 44 Each drive has been fully tested 30 day warranty and cabling data includes Shipping and WANT ADS The following folks are reaching you for only 20 cents per word If you would like to reach the same audience send your words and 20 cents for each to Mi cro Cornucopia Protect your schematics Heavy duty vi nyl sheet protector 11X17 3 hole punched perfect for BB schematics Six for 6 00 postpaid Tony Ozrelic LA Software 6708 Melrose Los Angeles CA 90038
142. r and IMI 15 MB drive It will also drive the Xebec 1401 controller for multi format 8 and 5 floppies This means of course a new monitor and BIOS I hope to get an article in about this project David Bell 609 Craig Ave Campbell CA 95008 Editor s Note Wow BUSINESS COMPUTERS ASSOCIATES BB SOFTWARE BB SPOOL 199 Do you wait for your printer then your computer and then your printer BB SPOOL is a one page 3K spooler that lets you overlap waiting time cutting job time nearly in half BB SPOOL resides in upper memory and lets you use your application program normally If output is longer than 3K BB SPOOL will wait Easy to install for serial ports you select the null characters sent after LF OBYTE not required Intefaces with BIOS LST SCREEN PRINTER with BB TYPEWRITER 1995 Now you can print the contents of your display screen without disrupting it Print split screen displays generated by your spread sheet program or any of your application program displays SCREEN PRINTER resides in upper memory allowing normal use of application programs Any display you want to save SCREEN PRINTER will send it to your printer Easy to install you select the control character which invokes it As part of SCREEN PRINTER you get BB TYPE WRITER which lets you type directly to your display Auto LF with CR scrolling is locked out so no information is lost You select the control characters for ON and OFF during inst
143. r case with descenders 32 inter connecting tine block graphic set type ahead buffer 8 x11 silk screened double sided glass epoxy PC board only uses easy to get parts requires parallel ASCII keyboard and standard composite video monitor made in U S A e Bare Board Programmed Contro CALL OR WRITE amp Char Gen EPROMS Complete Detailed Documentation Including LING ER Schematic and Source Listing ENTERPRISES INC NOW ONLY 79 95 PO Box 5783 Complete Documentation 10 Newport News VA 23605 Refundable with purchase 804 244 3874 Add 2 shipping amp handling VA residents add 4 tax 7 Will Accept MC amp VISA Interfacing the Microline to WordStar 3 30 By Mike Hirasuna WordStar and the Okidata Microline 92 aren t bad together even when they are not properly interfaced However with a little help they can do great things This combination was my first word processing system and I was quite pleased until I discovered everything I couldn t do superscripts subscripts continuous underlining enhanced printing emphasized printing corre spondence quality character width se lection and line spacing selection How ever all these were possible if my WordStar could just speak properly to my Microline The solution Use WINSTALL which comes with WordStar to define the user patches WINSTALL is self explanatory and easy to use What follows are some sug
144. r has one parallel port for an ASCII keyboard and four others for user defined I O E Two Z80 A CTCs Eight Programmable Counters Timers The new Ferguson computer has two Z80 A CTCs One is used to clock data into and out of the Z80 A SIO O while the other is for systems and applications use E PROM Programming Circuitry The new Cal Tex SBC has circuitry for programming 2716s 2732 A s or pin combatible EEPROMs CP M 2 2 CP M with Russell Smith s CBIOS for the new Cal Tex computer is available for 150 The CBIOS is available separately for 25 The unkit is a fully socketed wave soldered Big Board II It requires NO soldering All an unkit purchaser must do is carefully insert the prime ICs we supply in the proper sockets and systematically proceed to bring up and test the board CP Mis a registered trademark of Digital Research Terms Orders paid for with a cashier s check or bank card will be shipped within three working days Orders paid for with a personal check will be shipped within three weeks Add 5 for packing amp shipping in North America 245 PC BOARD WITH 16 PARTS The Kaypro Column By David Thompson Ir you re wondering whether your Kaypro II is really 4 just wait Kaypro Corp is changing things all around again Only this time the Kaypro 4 and 10 will share the same processor board and the II will have a 4 board OK The new Kaypro 4 uses the Kaypro 10 board and two non T
145. rd FINDBAD CMD A867 Finds and collects bad sectors on a disk If there are no bad sectors information on the disk is unaltered Disk 86 2 DU and Modem Programs DU V75 CMD A86 DOC This is the popular disk utility from CP M 80 It lets you read write and modify disk sectors MODEM4 CMD A8 This is a modem program set up for the Slicer This program includes a built in help file MODEM7SL CMD A86 DOC No modem disk would be complete without this standard This is modem set up for the Slicer It displays a menu when it is called Disk 86 3 Small C86 CMD This is the original Sraall C compiler which appeared in Dr Dobbs Journal in 1980 It runs under CPM 86 and generates 8086 source for the ASM686 assembler C86 COM This is the C86 compiler which runs under CPM 80 This 8080 program produces 8086 assembly language C86LIB A86 This is the C86 I O library SMALLC86 DOC Documentation on Small C CMM C Source of the C86 compiler Plus there are a number of demonstration files and ENTAB insert tabs in place of spaces and DETAB eos tabs with speces programs all written in mall C 8 CP M 86 Disk 15 00 each Your Fortune in the Microcomputer Business 06 26 45 US Can Mex slo eine dy raid sk yaaibin age eiah E 36 45 Other foreign This is the best most complete collection of working for yourself information I ve found and I ve heard nothing but good c
146. ready to use C compiler for CP M You get good luck but for the money 350 00 complete source code for the compiler and over 75 library functions asoiae Pepkeeuere Pover Suobi Q C is upward compatible with UNIX Version 7 C but doesn t sup a fare ene PP Y i a gh for 2 5 1 4 drives and monitor port long integers float parameterized defines and bit fields XEROX powers 5 1 4 s through cable 75 00 e Full source code for compiler and library e No license fees for object code DS DD 5 1 4 Shugarts W Case amp Cable 400 00 e Z80 version takes advantage of Z80 instructions 5 1 4 Disk Drive Case only 10 00 e Excellent support for assembly language and ROMs e Q C is standard Good portability to UNIX 5 1 4 Disk Drive Cable assembly Version 3 2 of Q C has many new features structure initialization For 8 use a tiny screwdriver to remove faster runtime routines faster compilation and improved ROM sup m from AMP 36 ee card end port Yes Q C has casts typedef sizeof and function typing The aE CAP ER PAAA a A Sii Q C User s Manual is available for 20 applies toward purchase i 8 VISA and MasterCard welcome Motorola Monitors a I suspect these are out of the 860 5266 Hollister line as it includes power chassis TtHECODE Suite 224 amp documentation 50 00 Santa Barbara CA 93111 805 683 1585 820 MAXISWITCH keyboards 25 00 _ _ SEEow Ss 820 cable assemblies Q C CP M Z80 and UNIX are trademarks of Quality
147. response DUMPX DU 77 COMPARE SUPERSUB FORMFEED DIR DUMP and all have documentation on disk KayPro Disk K3 Games PACMAN COM Despite the KayPro s lack of graphics this one looks and plays amazingly like the real thing Keep it hidden ZCHESS COM Chess with a 1 6 level look ahead OTHELLO COM You learn it in minutes master it in years BIO COM Generates custom graphic biorhythm MM COM Master Mind i WUMPUS COM Classic wumpus hunting KayPro Disk K4 Adventure This disk contains one 191K game Adventure ADV COM This is the latest greatest most cussed adventure ever devised by half mortals This is the 550 point version so the cave is greatly expanded and the creatures are much smarter KayPro Disk K5 MX 80 Graphics A complete MX 80 graphics package including example files KayPro Disk K6 Word Processing Utilities A powerful line oriented text editor that looks like Unix s EX plus a scad of text utilities written in C which handles pretty printing shortening a file multiple space output add tabs remove trailing whitespace and more Also includes ROFF COM a very neat text formatter KayPro Disk K7 Small C Version 2 Compiler This is a greatly extended version of Ron Cain s Small C compiler Version 2 has more expressions and larger library true subset of Unix C Disk contains compiler documentation and library everything you need KAYPRO USERS DISKS for KayPro II 4 and 10
148. rive answer A lt cr gt it will ask for destination or return answer lt cr gt you have just put a copy of your system tracks into memory A gt save 34 zcpm com now you have put the memory copy into xcpm com on disk A gt ddt zcpm com now we load it back in under ddt so we can modify it DDT VERS 2 2 NEXT PC 2300 0100 s0c7a lt cr gt the s lets you directly set the contents of memory OCTA 21 O0 lt er gt the contents were 21 we ll change them to 00 0C7B 38 lt er gt s0c83 lt er gt enter a period to tell ddt we re through setting bytes here now we re going to set bytes beginning at 0c83 0C83 18 00 lt cr gt replace the 18 with 00 OC84 F3 00 lt er gt replace the F3 with 00 oc85 CD lt cer gt cent1 C end the set get out of ddt A gt sysgen lt cr gt it will ask for you source drive answer lt cr gt only it will ask for destination drive answer A lt cr gt then answer lt cr gt alone to exit system 12 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Probably the best way to start would be to try out a few of the programs on those other systems I happen to like the Apple program that has ships approach ing the star base Each ship has a word on it and the length of the word and the difficulty of its letters are determined by your level of expertise If a ship reaches your starbase you lose A ship disap pears if you enter its word correctly but another ship im
149. rns a random real number between 0 and 1 and RAN DOM returns a random integer be tween 0 and I 15 Variables can be declared as AB SOLUTE i e located at a defined mem ory location This is useful for shared variables when CHAINing programs 16 The MEM and PORT arrays type BYTE allow direct access to RAM and gt I O devices 17 Pointers can be assigned to inte gers with ORD and be assigned with PTR 18 EXTERNAL procedure functions are supported with full parameter pass _ ing 19 Other programs can be CHAINed with common variables shared globals and absolute or EXECUTED 20 Machine language subroutines can be entered in the Pascal source with the INLINE statement 21 Direct BIOS and BDOS calls are supported with parameters passed in and returned from the registers 22 The heap pointer dynamic varia ble management recursion stack point er and even the hardware stack pointer are accessible from Pascal Documentation The Turbo documentation is as com plete and well organized as I have seen for any software product The bound softcover manual has both a detailed table of contents and a complete index The installation and use of Turbo and its editor are detailed in the first section This is followed by information on the portions of the package common to all three implementations and operating system dependent portions There are separate sections for CP M 80 and the
150. ro disk K20 has the following graphics programs SKETCH COM lets you move a pen around the screen under keyboard or joystick control Lets you plot and un plot points at will and select any of 16 colors at the pen location Includes source in SBASIC PACMAN COM which is Don Brit tain s very realistic version of the arcade game with keyboard and joystick ver sions Now it also works with the Kay pro keypad Includes source in C for Az tec C from Manx Plus this disk contains four new SBA SIC procedures for the color graphics Stee ORR board Procedures include unplot im DOWN OFDh RIGHT DOWN OF 5h proved screen control and joystick con trol LEFT OFBh LEFT UP OF Ah RIGHT OF7h LEFT DOWN OF9h See Figure 1 Constants for SBASIC Identifier Meaning Kaypro Big Board VDPDATA Data port for VDP chip 30 10 VDPCNTL Control port for VDP 31 11 Joy_Port Joy stick data port 30 10 Joy_Control Joy stick control port 31 11 on mask Byte mask for selecting VDP 010h 010h off_mask Byte mask for selecting PIO OEFh OEFh BITPORT Port that controls select bit O0Ah 01Ch BITCNTL Control of BITDATA 00Bh 01Dh mode_3 Byte that sets port as bitport OCFh OCFh 4_is output Byte that sets bit 4 as output 008h 008h stick_bits PIO bits used by joy stick O1Fh 01Fh Figure 2 Joystick Connections Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Double Density on the BB I By Robert Carroll This article is part design article and pa
151. rt review Either way it covers how you can get double density going on your BB I without paying double density prices Do It Yourself This double density add on can be built in one evening and you can run it single density with your present BB I CP M until you get software for double den sity Even to run single density however you will need to make one change to your monitor or patch it in RAM if your drives will not handle a 3 ms step rate You need to change RAM location FF6A step rate from 00H to 01H to go back to a 6 ms step rate And once you go double density your processor will need to be running at least 4 MHz You can even use Trevor Marshall s 5 MHz modification see Issue 11 page 14 The 2795 disk controller is really three chips in one After you put together the controller circuit you can align it in about 10 minutes All you need is a 2 MHz clock avail able on the BB and 5V plus an oscillo scope and frequency counter The scope which can substitute for the counter needs to be able to measure 200 ns I am using Jim Monesmith s software and PROM set If you send Jim a disk with CP M on it and two 2716 1s he will incorporate his double density BIOS into your CP M and he will burn his deluxe monitor into your ROMs All this in cluding ZCPR and the source listings for 50 Jim Monesmith 438 Patterson Rd Dayton OH 45419 513 298 6926 home I ve had his software package running her
152. ry fancy RAM test 7 ZSIDFIX display improvement for ZSID 8 PIPPAT modify PIP so you can reset system from within PIP 9 Lets you use the BB as a calculator including HEX 10 SORT sort package written in C80 USERS DISK 14 BB II Software 1 PRO32 latest 2732 reader amp programmer 2 SMODEM 2 lets BB II talk to Hayes Smartmodem 3 GRAFDEMO demonstrates BB II graphics in BASIC SEIN ESE demonstrates BB II graphics in JRT Pascal 5 INITSIO initializes port B for 300 or 1200 baud 6 MENU displays menu of COM files enter number to run file 7 SETCLK sets realtime clock built into BB II 8 PRINT2 modified print which accesses BB II clock 9 BOX draws a thin line box on screen determined by HL and BC 10 ALIENS space invaders arcade game 11 LISTSET printer interface auto enables RTS ignores DCD USERS DISK 15 Word Processing 1 EDIIT very fancy line editor similar to EX Unix Includes help menu programmable key and full manual on disk 2 TED simple minded line editor easy to learn amp use Very fast 3 TTYPE typing training program written in BASIC 4 TINYPLAN very simple minded spreadsheet Whets your appetite for a fancy one 5 C80 Text Utilities 6 CHOP cuts off file after N bytes 7 ENTAB replace spaces with tabs where possible 8 MS double or triple spaces a file to output 9 RTW removes trailing spaces from file 10 TRUNC truncates each line to specified length 11 WRAP wraps at column 80 plus pr
153. s yes yes Bring the whole tribe The SOG is not just for those of us who are terminally freaked on computers or just freaked at our terminals This is a chance for the other halves and the smaller halves to get together and plot major campaigns aimed at waylaying your attention during the coming year Plus if you equip your other half with a tape recorder you ll get a chance to hear presentations that you would have otherwise missed Taxes Let there be no mistake however this is a technical conference in the highest sense This is a chance for you to rub shoulders an ancient engineering cus tom with some of the top designers in the single board systems world You ll get a chance to hear some of these folks discuss their new projects and you ll get a chance to see some of these projects in action You ll even get a chance to present your own ideas and projects get in touch right away the feedback not to mention appreciation should be invalu able Plus we ll love you There is no question that your em ployer should be sending your whole family to this great event But barring that you certainly should be able to write off the expenses Check with your tax advisor I m sure you ll be delightful ly surprised Prices please preregister Thursday All day white water raft trip plus lunch and dinner 65 00 2 2 hour white water raft trip plus dinner 25 00 Evening dinner only with the rafters 10 00
154. sA H ste A n a Th ara S R mS SINGLE a A OUN D a ie 4 KA vole a February 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Extending MicroSphere s Color Graphics System Double Density on the BB I Interfacing the Microline to WordStar 3 30 KayPro Column Slicer Column SBasic BB II Modifying Andy Bakkers Interface FORTHwords C ing Clearly Pascal Procedures Using DBase II Down Under Technical Tips ALL SALES MADE SUBJECT TO THE TERMS OF OUR 90 DAY LIMITED WARRANTY FREE COPY ON REQUEST THE ORIGINAL BIG BOARD OEM INDUSTRIAL BUSINESS SCIENTIFIC SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT Z 80 CPU 64K RAM DO NOT CONFUSE WITH ANY OF OUR FLATTERING IMITATORS PARTIALLY ASSEMBLED KITS For All Sockets Installed And Soldered Add 50 Not For Blank PCB Board may just be one of the most reliable single board computers available today This is the same design that was licensed by Xerox Corp as the basis for their 820 computer The Big Board gives you the right mix of most needed computing features all on one board The Big Board was designed from scratch to run the latest version of CP M Just imagine all the off the shelf software that can be run on the Big Board without any modifications needed FULLY SOCKETED 64K RAM Uses Industry standard 4116 RAM s All 64K is available to the user our VIDEO and EPROM sections do not make holes in system RAM Also very special care was taken in the RAM array PC layout
155. st year s attendees went climbing during their stay You can see the Metolius River appear full blown from a large hole in the ground and you can watch a large waterfall plunge forev er into a small crystal pool that never fills and has no obvious outlet The water is as icy cold as the ghostly white fog which enfolds the great evergreens You see Bend is located right on the dividing line between the Cascades and the high desert On the eastern edge of town the ground cover is mostly sage brush and juniper The western edge is dominated by tall puzzle bark pines Going west means going up and since the lowest spot in Bend is already at 3500 feet you don t have to go up much to be really up Bend is less than 30 minutes drive from some very beautiful day hikes in the rugged high cascades wilderness You can hike trails that wind through al pine meadows kept moist and green by great glaciers Or if hiking is not your cup of tea you can assuming it is open take a drive over the MacKenzie pass Some years it is blocked by snow wellinto July Even at the end of July there ll be spring flowers just beginning to peep out from beneath the melting snow Bring your camera Actually I m planning these Sunday tours so I ll get a chance to get out into the mountains myself I love it here but Micro C and the SOG keep me pretty much chained to my Big Board Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 48 Families Ye
156. t Peoples Computer PO Box 28360 Queens NY 11428 NWkug Northwest Kaypro Users DISK DRIVES 5 Full Height 20 Megabyte unformated 9406 a aa aa 285 00 SHUGART 801R 2068 150 00 WARRANTY ON ALL DRIVES QUANTITY DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE VISA amp MASTER CHARGE ACCEPTED Add 3 for Credit Card Charges Shipping amp Handling Additional Charge Soft WINCHESTERS MiniScribe 1006 295 00 5 Full Height 6 Megabyte unformated MiniScribe 2012 0 00 755 00 5 Full Height 12 Megabyte unformated text entr MiniScribe 3012 Mo ah saat tee At i ee 755 00 Spaces tape 5 Half Height 12 Megabyte unformated MiniScribe 4020 905 00 econ Glance Brin any of Group has really done a good job put ting together a newsletter for beginning users And they ve been publishing as long as the Malverne based newsletter Send 10 for a year s subscription to NWKUG PO Box 11 Portland Or 97201 The Spokane MicroComputers Users Group SMUG is aimed at CP M users in general but they have a very active Kaypro contingent It s an interesting newsletter for 12 per year Contact them at PO Box 1753 Spokane WA 99210 BASIC K Magazine is just a disk with a few Microsoft BASIC programs on it They say you can use the programs as examples when you are doing your own MBASIC programming However after one look at the software it was ob vious to m
157. tabase package and had been given a brief specification and a couple of names in California Most of my time had been spent doing battle with telephones that answer back swallow coins as well as the best slot ma chines or spit coins at me when I was crazy enough to insert the wrong amount Then of course there was the horror of horrors when I was able to sup ply the operator with the name of the corporation I wished to contact but did not know the area code If I had known the area code I wouldn t have needed to bother her in the first place My search eventually led me to Soft ware Distributors The lass I met there must have realized I was a harmless Australian who wasn t trying to steal the software secrets of the United States and had not even taken the prescribed uni versity course in reading a phone book Anyway she took pity on me and sug gested I should explore this new package they had just received I was familiar with the hardware of mi cros but my programming experience was limited to small subroutines in as sembly language dBasell I was first introduced to dBasell by George Tate in 1981 in an apartment house garage on Robinson Street I purchased the manual and returned home No one in Australia had even heard of it and the general thought was that Condor was the way to go I had previously purchased the Condor man ual and after thoroughly examining both felt that dBaselI had more to
158. temperature 70 degrees F until it warms up I believed my prob lem was in the RAM chips and I replaced them with 64K chips That didn t fix it Then I found I could make it run when I used freeze spray on a few chips so I replaced them Now it s still as bad and the freeze spray no longer helps So I beat the shit out of it to see if it was a bad connection It wasn t I removed a few sockets and soldered parts in that didn t help I m using a linear power supply with line filters and a parallel keyboard Has anyone else had a similar experi ence I ve learned to live with it Great magazine hope you keep it going Byte is so big it takes a week to find all the articles David Shaw RR3 Elgin Ontario Canada Editor s note This is an example of how much computers can teach us You for instance are learning an invaluable skill and it s one that you should be able to market at top dollar You could teach seminars on Learning to cope with an Incalcitrant Computer I know dealers here in the Bend area who would pur chase tickets for all their customers As for me I don t have a clue All three of our BB Is have been great We ve had trouble keeping more than one of our three BB IIs in service at any one time however Dear Editor I would like to know how to program the character set EPROM for the Kaypro II John Whittaker 2151 McNab Long Beach CA 90815 Editor s note See Issue 6
159. ter Components Unlimited has CDC quad density drives for 219 each at least they had about 100 left the last time I talked to them I ordered a couple from them and they plugged right in Short the drive number you want and the M on the shunt head load relays so the heads aren t constantly rid ing on the disk You can contact them at 1 800 847 1718 He 14 Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Attention HP 3000 Users PRI NT on parallel printer emulates HP thermal MOVE ASCII files between HP disk and Kaypro disk Upload requires one time access to SPL U N PROTE CTE D floppy disk Terminal Emulator nae aes Termtype 10 Compatible Scroll 255 Characters wide 200 700 lines vertical Kaypro is a trademark of Kaypro Corporation Order MuNet Kaypro from Computer Service Department Southern College Collegedale TN 37315 615 238 2080 THE LITTLE BOARD OEM INDUSTRIAL SCIENTIFIC SECOND GENERATION SINGLE BOARD COMPUTER KIT 4 MHZ Z80 CPU 64K RAM DOUBLE DENSITY FREE CP M 2 2 ears Lex L A 139 VALUE A FREE 5 1 4 IN CP M 2 2 pth 9 00 DISKETTE IS INCLUDED a 5 WITH EACH KIT COMPLETE KIT MINI SIZE _ A amp T UNITS 2 gt ONLY 349 5 3 4 x 7 3 4 INCHES sexe FULLY SOCKETED PERFECT MATE TO OUR ZRT 80 TERMINAL BOARD THROUGH SPECIAL ARRANGEMENT WITH AMPRO COMPUTERS WE ARE PLEASED TO OFFER THEIR LITTLE BOARD IN KIT FORM FEATURES 4
160. text from BEVERLY and put it ina text file which I could edit to recover the original text The program SKIM C is the result of my labors To use SKIM I just said skim beverly beverly txt SKIM read all the text and dumped it into the text file called beverly txt Twen ty minutes later after editing I had my wife s original file Here s how SKIM works first the two filenames are picked up from the CP M command line and used to open the files If one of the files does not open properly we complain about it and exit to CP M If all is well we then examine the file char acter by character looking for regular ASCII text and the standard formatting characters such as tabs carriage returns and line feeds This is done by istext c 6708 Melrose Los Angeles CA 90038 Figure 1 SKIM C skim skim ascii characters from file include qstdio h syntax is skim ramfile textfile where ramfile is the name of the file the machines memory is saved in and textfile is the name of the file you want the skimmed text saved in main arge argv int arge char argv char c int col FILE ramfile textfile open input and output files ramfilezfopen argv 1 rb textfile fopen argv 2 w complain and exit to CP M if we can t open the files if ramfiles NULL cantopen argv 1 if textfiles NULL cantopen argv 2 read file character by character and send good ones to a regular fil
161. th See the Faire schedule for confirmation of the meeting and for the exact time and place i We are not having a booth at the Faire this year I will however be in and out of the MicroSphere booth No 18 on Saturday David Thompson Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 Inside CP M Review by John S Allen Inside CP M By David E Cortesi Holt Rinehart and Winston 572 pages Micro Cornucopia has already re viewed three other books on CP M see issue 1 page 5 and most readers probably already have one of these So why buy a new book which costs 26 00 I bought Inside CP M the first time I saw it in my local bookstore You see the day before I d tried to automate my disk initialization using a SUBMIT file All I got was a brief disk access and a return to CP M None of my other books were any help Nuts and Bolts Information When I opened Inside CP M the first page I turned to dquite by accident explained exactly why SUBMIT and XSUB would not work in my applica tion XSUB sets up the monitor to answer line input requests with a line from the submitted file It does nothing for byte input requests for which the monitor continues to come to the terminal It is somewhat of an adventure to discover which commands use line input This book is chock full of such valuable inside information Cortesi has evident ly exhaustively tested all CP M functions and commands and describes the
162. th the initialization sequence defined in WINSTALL The initialization se quence is sent at the start of every docu ment printed by WordStar It can be pro grammed to contain the escape sequence for setting the left margin at column 97 The left margin should be set back to col umn 1 with the reset sequence which is sent at the end of every document Clearing the Printer The printer can be cleared with an 18h The printer will return to the data mode go to 10 cpi and 6 lpi and stop any spe cial printing feature However it will not affect the left margin or the down line character set The clear command should also be included in the initialization and reset sequences Command Summary A summary of command sequences for standard WordStar controls is given below Note that the initialization se quence has an additional command ODh which will return the carriage entl PA empty entl PN 1Eh entl PY alternate 1Bh 43h entl PY standard 1Bh 44h entl PT 1Bh 4Ah entl PV 1Bh 4Ch Boldface 4 Page Offset 0 Initialization reset a EE RE TT AO TO TES TC E EE N A EER Micro Cornucopia Number 16 February 1984 18h ODh 1Bh 25h 43h 30h 39h 37h 18h 1Bh 25h 43h 30h 30h 31h Using PIP Before installing these options you may want to experiment with them The Okidata manual suggests you write small BASIC programs to send the con trols There is an easier way Using PIP you can redirect the key board to the print
163. the graphics screen The other disk contains programming exam ples Ihave written some SBASIC programs for the board The graphics procedures provided on this disk made tHe task a simple matter of writing the main loop The procedures included with the board take most of the burden out of graphics programming by providing the math routines necessary to do the basic graphics manipulation By stringing the procedures together in different ways sophisticated graphics programs are quite easy Here at Micro Cornucopia we have agreed to be the software exchange cen ter for programs that run on the MicroS phere board I am just finishing a disk that contains some very interesting pro grams A Joy Stick Interface There is a joystick connection on the color board soI went to the local K Mart and picked up a cheap generic version designed for the ATARI and VIC 20 so any sticks for these machines should work with my software The stick uses switch closures to tell the computer of the stick position In fact this interface will not work with the older potentiome ter based joy sticks unless you add a comparator to convert the stick s outputs to TTL levels The stick I purchased has 6 connec tions on the 9 position plug One of these is common one is the fire button switch and the other 4 are the direction switches As the joy stick is moved the direction pin on the plug that corre sponds with the direction the stick is
164. them here but the bugs can be annoying So if you will send in your EPROMs and 10 we will burn them and send you a list of the changes I wish we did not have to charge for this upgrade but we can t afford to give it away Editor s note again The following letter was addressed to Byte magazine but it got forwarded to Micro C which is only right since we re the largest computer magazine in Cen tral Oregon as well as the only one Anyway to paraphrase the letter it appears that Turbo Pascal running on the Slicer is almost too fast to be any fun See Figure 1 for proof The letter also mentioned that the Tur bo test demo program contains 1200 lines of code and it compiles into a CMD file in 12 seconds You can check these times against the benchmark figures for the Sieve of Era tosthenes program in the January 1983 Byte page 283 The information was actually passed on to Micro C by Otto Baade and came from a letter to Byte written by ents to return their old disk and Edward Dayhoff EPROMs We then reuse them so we can 1618 Tilton Dr keep the cost of upgrades toa minimum Silver Spring MD 20902 There are many nice additions in the up T n grade which make it one of the best bar gains you ll see Figure 1 Sieve Times for Slicer Time to load Turbo from SSSD 8 floppy 12 sec Time to load SIEVE into TURBO 1 sec Time to compile into CMD file 1 sec Time to execute 10 iterations 6 2 sec Bytes of
165. ting system facilities And much more ORDER YOUR COPY OF TURBO PASCAL TODAY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE _ OF OUR INTRODUCTORY SPECIAL For Visa and MasterCard orders call toll free 1 800 227 2400 X 968 IN CA 1 800 772 2666 X 968 lines open 24 hrs a day 7 days a week Dealer amp Distributor Inquiries welcome a omg omt amo ONE oma GUE ama amo amm ama ED SEE TE SONY GO NCS GD NE OR SD SO HD HO GENE NE SOD TN t Turbo Pascal 49 95 5 00 shipping per copy z Check___ _ Money Order VISA__ MasterCard Card Exp date Shipped UPS BD BORLAND B INTERNATIONAL Borland international Bees 4807 Scotts Valley Drive i Scotts Valtey California 95066 Telex 172373 Lees j cm ce emmy Qe Gay ene Gee am ED sane aun Gunn GEN GLAND BOER tow Gee GE AED GEN SANE pae dee mo Se SUD GUND NED GED GH GD Sand GED Oey Que GHD SEND amam aaan MAD om Gump amma mmen paee eH SHAH GAD peon See ved PD peed Done ON omae Omme GaP Se UND QUE Gmie GNU HNN Govt GE UNH SUUS GONO GHEE HD HD SED OE Be My system is 8 bit____16 bit Operating system CP M 80_ CP M 86___ _MS DOS PC DOS Computer Disk Format Please be sure model number and format are correct NAME _ ADDRESS CITY STATE ZIP TELEPHONE California residents add 62 sales tax Outside North America add 15 00 Checks must be on a U S Bank and in U S dollars Sorry no C O D irge T ee PASCAL PROCEDURES continued that order Turbo allows them
166. y s mod makes it much easier to do this downloading Figure 1 Patch for Andy Bakkers Interface A gt 80 AUTOBIOS A gt L80 ry P E300 59K MSIZE with 200H 4 AUTOBIOS CP M AUTOBIOS X N E DDT CPM59 COM M980 1F7F 4000 F100 3FFF 0 IAUTOBIOS HEX R2600 New offset for 59K and M4000 55FF 1600 200 G0 A gt SYSGEN8 RETURN A RETURN ICO IS THE BIGGEST BOARD The ICO was designed for a variety of fields like personal computers cash registers intelligent industrial controllers CP M PLUS license is included All CP M PLUS features are supported OEMs and DEALERS inquire Assembled amp Tested CP M PLUS RMAC MAC ED SID with manuals CPU Z80 4MHz RAM 128K Byte CRT CONTROLLER On board 80 columns x 24 rows cycle steal access non blinking and fast separate or composite SERIAL PORT Two RS232C 110 Baud to 19200 Baud programmable PARALLELL PORT One Centronics standard 16 bit user s option CALENDAR Battery back up ea KEYBOARD 7 bit or 8 bit ASCII positive lt 4 strobe POWER 5V 1 5A 12V 0 1A PCB SIZE 10 x 5 5 FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER Auto density check 8 DDDS 8 SDSS 5 KayPro format 8 compatible 5 drive 1 2 MB double track quad density FLOPPY DISK DRIVE KEYBOARD CRT POWER SUPPLY ARE NOT INCLUDED For more information write or call SOUTHERN PACIFIC LIMITED 1 3 18 Tsurumi chuo Tsurumi Yokohama Japan 230 Phone 0
167. ypro Bigboard Zorba Xerox Access Matrix Televideo and ATR8000 computers FSERRSAKRE ott fe BURP HEL ze T BARREG Cer nnrds AA eto 8 2s o O x ae to e ye 4 t senna DE KNA 128k CO POWER 88 and MSDOS 0 05 400 00 256k CO POWER 88 and MSDOS 0 e eee 500 00 ATR8000 SWP s 499 95 CP M Computer SWP s ATR8000 is a 64k RAM Z80A 4 MHz computer that includes double density CP M 2 2 The ATR 8000 runs up to four disk drives that are any mixture of size 5 and 8 type single sided and double sided and density single double and quad The ATR8000 has an RS 232 port for a modem or serial printer and includes software for both There s also a parallel port with a parallel printer driver The ATR8000 inferfaces to an RS 232 terminal or to an ATARI home computer Software includes a program that allows the ATR8000 to use CP M disks from other comptuers The ATR8000 can be upgraded to also run CP M 86 and MSDOS by adding CO POWER 88 We ve just released a new version Bigboard Dual Density Hardware Software V 061983 e 8 SSDD disk storage is 674k DS is e A daughter board that plugs into the e One 8 version includes the code to twice as much 5 4 is 183k 1771 socket With this board the system make a 60k double density CP M for e Includes DDINIT for SD and DD initial employs automatic density select 8 S
168. z use Z80 parts and 250 nsec dynamic RAM configurable EPROM socket 2716 thru 27256 4 fully buffered 8 bit parallel ports 2 configurable RS232C serial ports Complete documentation orders shipped within 10 days A R O Biegun amp Associates P O Box 4071 Stn B CP M is a trademark of Digital Research Inc Winnipeg Manitoba Canada R2W 5K8 ee 4 NE ee COLOR GRAPHICS 2995 icra TMS 9918A Based Graphics System 256H 192V x 16 Colors 32 Simultaneous Fast Moving Sprites Composite Video Output x Highest Quality PC Construction Software Includes Character amp Sprite Editor Demo Program In Pascal amp Basic Drivers Are Above The Monitor For Use With High Level Languages Requires 1 trace cut and 1 jumper see adding 6K of Ram MicroC 7 Plugs Into U7 U7 Still Available for Prom with Jumper TMS9918A Graphics Chip 34 Check x Money Order x COD Ws GRAPHTECH P O Box 1185 McPherson KS 67460 316 241 6330 l Call for Availability amp Price of Parts Kit Kansas Residents Add 4 Tax Include 3 For Postage amp Handling Allow Four to Six Weeks for Delivery y ee MR He He He MH RM KY y BIG BOARD I DUAL DRIVE ENCLOSURE Because of the unprecedented popularity of the original Big Board we felt there would be a good market for an attractive yet low cost custom enclosure We have had designed THE perfect enclosure for your Big Board and two eight inch gt drives eee
169. z won t run COPY POLYGON INDUSTRIES INC 8600 Ponchartrain Blvd New Orleans LA 70124 504 282 5372 POWER SUPPLY DOUBLE DENSITY AMP For the BIG BOARD and other SBC s Assembled tested and burned in 48 hours cK 4 9 HAR DWARE 79 Ea i hrtana meamea NSO aowa gauguren aosan Fon He uen DISK DRIVE P Y A SE R cent ol 7 0 5 DRAWINGS WD2795 DSDD CONTROLLER 9 NSS _KIT OF 2 EACH WITH PINS e 4 5 H 3 8 D 11 L 5 lb PLUS 5 SHIPPING amp HANDLING oT w o WD2795 3 Oo Pius 1 Shipping amp Handling brother HR 15 BIG BOARD s LOW COST The LA CAJA Enclosure w Power Supply DAISY WHEEL PRINTER 279 299 ORIVE DRIVE B l G R OAR D STANDARD FEATURES INCLUDE e Power Supply COMPATIBLE 5V 4A OVP 24V 2 5A 12V 2A All voltages are current protected CASSETTE TYPE PRINT WHEELS AND RIBBONS Bar e Reset Switch e Fan BLDIRECTIONAL PLATEN AND HEAD ee e Key lock Power Solid State AC Relay e PROPORTIONAL MICRO ADJUSTMENT ae ee n e Bell Circuit and Piezo Speaker BOLD PRINTING an a e 2 AC Outlets One Switched e 2K BUFFER a e Color Beige and Chocolate INSTALLS LIKE DIABLO 620 630 f n r i CABLES AVAIIREI l 6 Hx 12 Wx 16 D 24 W for 2 Drive Unit Pana T Z o 4 La Caja can be supplied fully wired for the Big Board o m 4 9 Q isn with all ports disk DC and timed AC for 150 00 CALIF RES ADD 6 TAX f CALIF RES ADD 6 TAX 5 Pius 1 Shippin

February 1984 No. 16

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