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SMARTEKVision Giganetix User Manual

1. oJzBGDnB m Camera Frontend Bias Generation Clock amp Timing Generation Clock Drivers Oscillator FPGA ADC VGC Pixel to be transferred EN Sensitive Active pixel Transfer cell Figure 81 Giganetix Frontend with Single Tap Interline Transfer CCD After the period of exposure all collected charges are transferred at the same time from the active pixels into vertical shift registers located beside each column of active or photosensitive cells As the transfer cells are not photosensitive no mechanical shutter is needed As all pixels are read out at the same time Interline Transfer CCD sensors have a Global Shutter as well The charges from top of the vertical shift registers are moved line by line down to the horizontal shift register shown in the bottom of the active array From the horizontal shift register charges are converted to voltages and moved out of the image sensor from right to left On the camera frontend containing the sensor the image signal is amplified VGC and digitized ADC and provided to the FPGA for further processing 95 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 1 2 Multi Tap CCD Sensor Readout In contrary to classic Single Tap CCD sensors the pixel array of Multi Tap CCDs is read out from several sides The big advantage of this approach of parallel readout is
2. External trigger signal amplitude Exposure Figure 97 Exposure with a rising edge of the trigger 1 1 8 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition External trigger signal period lt External trigger signal amplitude Exposure Figure 98 Exposure with a falling edge of the trigger 4 5 2 5 Trigger Delay The TriggerDelay property defines a period of time for which an incoming trigger signal is delayed until it is internally used to trigger the image sensor The trigger delay is expressed in us and can be set manually by software For external signals entering a physical input line a general latency of 2us is added by the input line circuitry of the camera Together with the TriggerDelay it represents the signal latency in the camera until the image sensor is triggered A further description of the complete trigger process can be found in 4 6 1 Input Lines 1 1 9 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 6 Digital Input Output Control The digital inputs and outputs of the Giganetix series can be used to synchronize the camera with other devices and cameras The camera can be triggered on a rising or falling edge of the input trigger signal or trigger other devices on configurable events The physical interface is provided via the General Purpose Input and Output GPIO connector described in 2 3
3. M row Figure 112 Image layout and transmission sequence The subsequent sections will describe all the supported formats for each pixel P in an image for monochrome cameras as well as color cameras 1 40 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 4 2 Supported Pixel Formats for Monochrome Cameras 5 4 2 1 Mono8 In an image with the pixel format Mono8 each pixel value P is represented by one byte or 8 bits The Mono8 pixel format in SMARTEK Vision digital cameras is specified as shown below PixelFormat Mono8 Description 8 bit monochrome unsigned Pixel size 1 byte Value range 0 255 Table 67 Specification PixelFormat Mono8 The memory layout of the image with Mono pixel format is shown in Figure 113 Starting from the upper left of the image byte 0 represents the value of pixel P 1 1 byte 1 represents the value of pixel P 1 2 and so on In each byte the bitorder is by default little endian the least significant bit is assigned to bit 0 and the most significant bit to bit 7 P 1 1 P 1 2 ofe 7 Figure 113 Image layout with pixel format Mono8 5 4 2 2 Mono16 In an image with pixel format Mono16 each pixel value P is represented by two bytes or 16 bits The Mono16 pixel format in SMARTEK Vision digital cameras is specified as shown below PixelFormat Mono16 Description
4. i CounterSelector Counter 1 CounterEventSource gt CounterEventSource FrameStart CounterValue Counter value 0 Figure 77 Chunk Data Values e CounterAndTimerControl Group for counter and timer controls CounterSelector Select which counter will be active CounterEventSource Select source for counter e CounterValue Set read counter value 90 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 5 Log Dialog The Log dialog contains logging information from SDK and cameras shown in Figure 78 Log eX Timestamp Type Priority Message text Fri Dec 20 1 192168 0 5 INFO NORMAL GigEVisionAPL Connected to device Fri Dec 20 1 192 168 0 5 INFO NORMAL GigEVisionAPL Disconnected from device Fri Dec 20 1 192 168 0 5 INFO NORMAL GigEVisionAPL Connected to device Figure 78 Log dialog with API logging 3 6 6 Firmware Update The GigEVisionClient contains a module to update the firmware of a Giganetix camera To update the firmware of a SMARTEK Vision camera choose and connect the target camera in the GigEVisionClient and start the Firmware Update dialog via the Control category in the menu bar In the Firmware Update Dialog shown in Figure 79 follow the following steps 1 Browse for Firmware Updates Find and open a firmware to be uploaded to the camera by pressing the Browse button The la
5. 1 20 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Amplitude Unfiltered E f arriving signals Time Debo ncer esie ao Time Debouncer value Internal trigger signal SEN Time Bspeimcsne value Trigger latency fixed value vat Time Latency Trigger delay can be set to EE zero Delay Time Exposure lt _____ Time Exposure Figure 99 Partial process of image acquisition 121 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Line Debouncer The LineDebouncer property defines the minimum time interval that an input signal must remain active in order to be recognized as valid trigger The line debouncer is used to prevent possible unwanted trigger events as it eliminates short noises that could easily be interpreted as trigger signal The function of the trigger debouncer is shown in Figure 100 two glitches are ignored by the debouncer because the width of these signals is shorter than the debouncer time value The third signal is accepted as a valid trigger signal as its width is longer than the debouncer time limit The LineDebouncerTime feature is used to set the line debouncer time expressed in us The line debouncer time effectively increases delay time between external trigger signal and internal trigger signal used to start the exposure so it should be set large enough to filter unwanted gl
6. 2 2 a a lel lass 114 4 5 Acquisition Control oaoa se sss aros 115 4 5 1 Free Run Operation 1 0 ln 116 4 5 2 Triggered Operation 2 ns 117 4 6 Digital Input Output Control n noaoo res 120 4 6 1 Input Lines naaa aa dedu dt d bed n o n ded dure 120 4 6 Output Lines leere essen 123 4 6 3 List of Supported Features 2 2 llle 124 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 126 5 1 Smartek GigE Vision Filter Driver 2 2 a 126 5 1 1 UDP Packet Resend Mechanism eee eee ee ee 126 5 1 2 Inter Packet Delay 0 0 02 ce ee 132 5 2 LAN IP Configuration 2 sans 134 5 3 Network Interface Optimization 2 sers 135 5 3 1 Choosing the right Network Interface Card lll 135 5 3 2 Using Jumbo Frames Packets 000 ce 135 5 3 3 Raising Receive Buffers 2222s 137 5 3 4 Disable the Interrupt Moderation Rate lll 138 5 3 5 Disable the Flow Control nn 139 I SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision Table of Contents 5 4 Digital Image and Pixel Formats 0 0 ee 140 5 4 1 Image Layout cavaa eee aFSGe SSS ee S SESS VETETE EEE EEE VEE 140 5 4 2 Supported Pixel Formats for Monochrome Cameras 141 5 4 3 Supported Pixel Formats for Color Cameras 0 00000 ee eee 142 5 4 4 Pixel Formats Supported by the SMARTEK Vision Giganetix came
7. After the appropriate gain has been selected via the GainSelector its value can be get set from the Gain property Table 45 shows the most important C functions 1 09 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Function Description bool GetFloatNodeValue Get value of IFloat node Gain Gain double amp nodeValue const bool SetFloatNodeValue Gain double nodeValue bool GetFloatNodeMin Gain double amp nodeMinValue const bool GetFloatNodeMax Gain double amp nodeMaxValue const Set value of IFloat node Gain Get minimum value of IFloat node Gain Get maximum value of IFloat node Gain Table 45 Gain Access through API Black Level As shown in Figure 92 as well the analog to digital conversion circuit includes beside the ADC an additional component with the target to remove dark current noise from the signal of each pixel Dark current is a charge of each pixel which is generated continuously by thermal energy within the silicon lattice even when no light enters the sensor As its charge in the photosensitive pixels is not connected to the amount of light entering it is no useful signal and needs to be removed before digitizing the signal as it negatively effects the signal to noise ratio To help to remove the dark current noise image sensors usually provide an array of optically shielded pixels lines and columns covered by a non transmissive met
8. 5 2 LAN IP Configuration To successfully establish the connection to a camera the Network configuration needs to be done according to the requirements of the application The connection of the physical Network Interface Card NIC needs to be enabled and set up properly Table 66 shows a good configuration for a first start with a single NIC but does not represent a set definition for all application and network environments NIC Cameras NIC others Camera 1 Camera 2 Camera 3 IP 169 254 0 1 not 169 254 x x 169 254 1 1 169 254 1 2 169 254 1 x Subnetmask 255 255 0 0 If 255 255 0 0 255 255 0 0 255 255 0 0 255 255 0 0 Table 66 Basic IP configuration of the PC To using several cameras on multiple Network Interface Cards NIC in one PC make i Note absolutely sure that each NIC is configured for a different network Otherwise it will not be possible to operate all cameras correctly IP Setup in Microsoft Windows On Microsoft Windows operating systems the IP can be set up by the following steps 1 Execute ncpa cpl e g via the command box of the Windows Startmenu or after pressing 7 4Ron your keyboard 2 Right click the target network interface card and choose Properties 3 Choose the Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP IPv4 entry in the list of protocols 4 By default the interface is configured to obtain an IP address automatically by a DHCP server shown in Figure 106 usually provided by routers or dedicated servers A fixed
9. ChunkName Enable or disable ChunkMode Select chunk to enable or disable device gt SetBooleanNodeValue Enable or disable selected chunk ChunkEnable double value imagelnfo IsReadable ChunkName Returns true if user can access selected chunk and read data from it imagelnfo gt GetChunkNode gt Used to read data from chunk User should first ChunkNAME GetTYPENodeValue value check if he can access selected chunk Table 75 Chunk mode Access through API 1 48 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet Table 76 contains functions showing how to retrieve data from each chunk Chunk name Type Function ChunkPixelFormat enumeration Amagelnfo GiethunkNode ChunkPixelFormat gt GetEnumNodeValue value ChunkLinePitch integer imagelnfo gt GetChunkNode gt ChunkLinePitch gt GetIntegerNodeValue value ChunkWidth integer imagelnfo GetChunkNode ChunkWidth 2GetlntegerNodeValue value ChunkWidth integer imagelnfo GetChunkNode ChunkWidth 2GetlntegerNodeValue value ChunkHeight integer imagelnfo gt GetChunkNode gt ChunkHeight gt GetIntegerNodeValue value ChunkOffsetX integer imagelnfo gt GetChunkNode gt ChunkOffsetX GetlntegerNodeValue value ChunkOffsetY integer imagelnfo gt GetChunkNode gt ChunkOffsetY gt GetIntegerNodeValue value ChunkGain float imagelnfo gt GetChun
10. For detailed information about this convention visit www emva org 4 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 1 Description of Product Family 1 2 3 C Mount A C Mount is a type of lens mount commonly found on 16mm movie cameras closed circuit television cameras CCTV trinocular microscope photo tubes and CCD CMOS digital cameras C Mount lenses provide a male thread which mates with a female thread on the camera The thread is nominally 25 4mm 1 in diameter with 32 threads per inch designated as 1 32 UN 2A in the ANSI B1 1 standard for unified screw threads The flange focal distance is 17 526mm 0 69 and thread length 3 8mm 0 15 1 8 EMI and ESD Consideration Excessive EMI and ESD can cause problems with your camera such as false triggering or can cause the camera to suddenly stop capturing images EMI and ESD can also have a negative impact on the quality of the image data transmitted by the camera To avoid problems with EMI and ESD you should follow these general guidelines e Use high quality shielded cables The use of high quality cables is one of the best defenses against EMI and ESD e Try to use camera cables with correct length and try to run the camera cables and power cables parallel to each other Avoid coiling camera cables e Avoid placing camera cables parallel to wires carrying high current switching voltages such as wires supplying stepper motors or electrical device
11. If none of the connected cameras was found check the status of the network adapters and their configuration as well as the status LEDs on the Ethernet connector of i Note the camera described in chapter 2 3 1 Ethernet Interface Make sure everything is plugged properly and that the firewall settings are not blocking the connection to camera or GigEVisionClient After discovering one or multiple cameras there is one of three available flags in front of each camera name displayed in the Devices list x Device available and waiting for connection Q Connection to device established A Warning In case the A Warning sign is shown in front of a camera name there could be two reasons 1 The IP address and subnet mask of network interface card or camera are invalid 2 The link speed of the used network interface is providing less than 1000 Mbit s For a quick start it is recommended to only use Gigabit Ethernet NICs configured according to Table 66 shown in chapter 5 2 LAN IP Configuration In all cases it must be ensured that further NIC s within the PC are not configured for an IP address within the same logical network as the NIC for the camera connection 82 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 2 2 Device IP Setup To change the IP address of a camera select the target device in the list of devices and press the Set Ip to Device icon shown in Figure 66 X
12. SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 10 GC1291M GC1291C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX445 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1296x966 1288x964 1296x966 Optical size 1 3 Pixel size in um 3 5 x 3 75 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 30 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 5W 2 5W 2 5W Power consumption PoE 3 2W Not supported 3 2W Table 17 Model specific specification of GC 1291 36 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 27 Relative response of GC 1291 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 28 Relative response of GC 1291 Color from sensor datasheet 3 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmart
13. vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Flip Rotate transformations in the GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient the Flip Rotate options can be activated in the Image Processing Properties panel under Color shown in Figure 155 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties T Gigi Vi E hs dm G ET 194 ic Poe Me d S Like a D tem a E Ne a ESI eee ERR TO File View Con tro T Displays Help Fux Find Devices DDE B Set Ip To Device Device Properties Device Property Info API Settings LJ om amp S IKE nas nat EMOCE a t DeviceManufa Giganetix GigE Vision c Neve a ercicr n PW c Image Processing Properties 8x n Wai Ep ceres Reset X Enable Image Fip Rotate e tents saett nad Reset Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 1208 1715 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 0 0 0 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 155 Flip Rotate transformations in GigEVisionClient 1 91 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 3 Color Image Processing Pipeline In the previous chapters the image processing algorithms provided by the ImageProcAPI in of the GigEVisionSDK have been introduced Within user applications all image processing algorithms can be combined together in a n
14. 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 22 Relative response of GC653 Color from sensor datasheet 31 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 8 GC781M GC781C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX415 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 782x582 776x580 782x582 Optical size 1 2 Pixel size in um 8 3 x 8 3 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 68 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 6W 2 6W 2 5W Power consumption PoE 3 2W Not supported 3 2W Table 15 Model specific specification of GC781 32 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 23 Relative response of GC781 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 24
15. 57 56 52 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 132 Digital Gain in GigEVisionClient i The Digital Gain is used to apply the White Balancing values to the image While the Note Auto White Balance option is enabled a manual configuration of digital gain is not possible 167 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 3 Auto Exposure and Auto Gain Cameras are often used in different environments and applications with changing conditions what also includes the illumination situation which may vary and change constantly The exposure time determines how bright or dark an image will appear the longer the exposure the brighter the image and vice versa The automatic exposure feature of the ImageProcAPI will automatically adjust the exposure time of SMARTEK Vision cameras within defined limits until the specified target brightness is reached Increasing the exposure time means decreasing the maximum possible frame rate therefore in various applications where a specific minimum frame rate is required the exposure time may not be arbitrarily high In this situation the brightness can be further increased applying a digital gain The Auto Exposure feature in the ImageProcAPI provides therefore a property to limit the maximum allowed exposure time from which the gain will be increased instead Auto Exposure in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the Image
16. C 5 BI DC Bi directional pair C 6 BI DB Bi directional pair B 7 BI DD Bi directional pair D 8 BI DD Bi directional pair D Table 30 Ethernet connector type and assignment 62 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Status LEDs The Ethernet connector provides a yellow and a green LED The green LED indicates the status of the Ethernet link and its activity while the yellow LED indicates the status of the camera The description of the different statuses of these LEDs can be found in Table 31 and Table 32 below Green LED Status Description Off No link Solid on Link on Ethernet link exists Blinking Indicates ongoing Ethernet activity Table 31 Ethernet Green LED status Yellow LED Status Description Off Not powered Solid on Power on Status OK One blink then Off No user firmware Factory firmware active Two blinks then Off Watchdog timer timeout error Three blinks then Off User firmware data CRC error Four blinks then Off Internal FPGA configuration error Table 32 Ethernet Yellow LED status Cabling Requirements To connect the camera to a network at least a straight UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair CAT5e cable needs to be used in environments with low or no EMI In environments with higher EMI a STP Shielded Twisted Pair CAT6 cable is recommended The scheme for Straight through patch cable is shown on Figure 54 RJ45 RJ45 1 OR
17. Chunk serinvsue Not available Chunk seritsue Not availa Figure 74 Chunk Data Control e ChunkModeActive enable or disable chunk data if chunk data is disabled then normal image is sent e ChunkSelector select chunk that will become active e ChunkEnable enable or disable active chunk mandatory chunks cannot be disabled When chunk mode is enabled and acquisition is started enabled chunks will be displayed in new tab that appeared under Image Processing Properties Figure 75 shows chunk data values tab Mono AE LUT Other Bx Chunk Promry wis ChunkPixelFormat _ p gt ChunkWidth ChunkHeight be ChunkOffsetX ChunkOffsetY i7 ChunkLinePitch H Chunk Gain ChunkExposureTime H ChunkCounterValue oe ee ee ee ee Se i ChunkUserlntValue Monos 1936 1216 1936 0 00 rur mum 20000 00 02073463 83634 155 Figure 75 Chunk Data Values 89 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 4 1 Setting Chunk Data values UserlntValue can be set up through properties window shown in Figure 76 The value is included in Data Payload if UserlntValue chunk is enabled 1 UservalueControl UserIntYalue T Figure 76 Chunk Data Values Figure 77 shows CounterAndTimerControl CounterAndTimerControl E CounterAndTimerControl oe CounterSelector
18. Optical size 1 2 Pixel size in um 5 5X 5 5 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 61 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerGR8 BayerGR16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 3 4W 3 4W 3 4W Power consumption PoE Not supported Not supported 4 1W Table 22 Model specific specification of GC 1021 46 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 37 Relative response of GC1021 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 38 Relative response of GC1021 Color from sensor datasheet 47 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 16 GC1601M GC1601C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Truesense Imaging KAI 02050 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type 2 Tap CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1600 x 1200 Optical size 2 3 Pixel size in um
19. Relative response of GC 781 Color from sensor datasheet 33 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 9 GC1031M GC1031C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX204 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1034x779 1032x778 1034x779 Optical size 1 3 Pixel size in um 4 65 x 4 65 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 30 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 2W 2 2W 2 2W Power consumption PoE 3 0W Not supported 3 0W Table 16 Model specific specification of GC 1031 34 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 25 Relative response of GC 1031 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 26 Relative response of GC1031 Color from sensor datasheet 35
20. available to control the image acquisition in the cameras Image Acquisition Features Short description AcquisitionMode AcquisitionStart AcquisitionStop AcquisitionAbort AcquisitionFrameCount AcquisitionBurstFrameCount AcquisitionFrameRate Trigger Features TriggerMode TriggerSoftware TriggerSource TriggerActivation TriggerDelay Defines the number of frames to be captured Three options are available e Continuous e SingleFrame e MultiFrame Start acquisition Stop acquisition Abort acquisition Number of frames to acquire in MultiFrame acquisition mode Number of frames to acquire for each FrameBurstStart trigger Controls the acquisition rate in Hz at which the frames are captured Short description Enable Disable the trigger mode Two options are available e On e Off Generate a software trigger Select the source that fires a trigger signal e Line1 Physical Input Line 1 e Line2 Physical Input Line 2 e Software Define the clock edge of the input signal for activate triggering e Rising Edge e Falling Edge Specify the delay in microseconds us to incoming trigger signals Table 51 Camera features for image acquisition control In the following chapter the image acquisition is divided into two general types the Free Run operation where the camera streams images as fast as possible and the Triggered operation where the camera waits for a further signal by an external source to start th
21. l Find Devices aS Set Ip To Device We Connect Device KO Disconnect Device Firmware Update DeviceC ontrol vicevenaor image Processing Properties Color AE Matrix GIMP LUT Other Demosaic Colorized HQLinear Bilinearborder White Balance Cale Reset Auto Average Gamma Gain Offset Red z3 1 00 BB 1 50 I ooo gl Green ss NE H Bue s5 100 MI eog 0 00 Inverse Gamma Load Values 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 53 1749 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 0 0 0 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 120 Histogram feature in GigEVisionClient e Skip Images default 5 Number of frames to skip before a new histogram is calculated and the GUI is updated e Enable Disable Active deactivate histogram calculation 1 56 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 1 2 Average Luminance Calculation The Average Luminance algorithm sums up all pixel values on each channel of an image and calculates the average value by dividing the sum of pixel values by number of pixels on this channel Pixelvaluecnannei Averagevaluecnannel Totalpixelscnannei For single channel images only one average value is calculated while for raw color images each channel has its own value Calculating average values of an image is a fundam
22. resulting in a brighter overall image However the image noise will also be increase with digital gain Figure 130 demonstrates four different gain settings applied to the image While digital gain equals 1 0 represents the image at its original with increasing digital gain value the image becomes brighter and the noise rises as well Also at higher gain settings some pixels are over saturated what leads to information loss in the image Digital Gain 1 0 Digital Gain 2 0 Digital Gain 3 0 Digital Gain 4 0 Figure 130 Digital Gain to brighten an image in Figure 131 As the multiplication takes place on the digitized image with the same In contrast to the analog gain the digital gain produces holes in the histogram shown bit depth as the output image some luminance levels cannot be reached anymore 1 65 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK J 40 80 120 160 200 240 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 Intensity level Intensity level Figure 131 Digital Gain Histogram original image left and after applying digital gain of 4 0 right With a digital gain of 2 0 it is for example not possible to receive any uneven values 1 3 5 like sketched in Table 81 The analog gain is therefore always to be preferred where possible Pixel Pixeloy Pixel x 2 0 Table 81 Digital Gain Output values Digital Gain in GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the Im
23. they transform light into electric charge and convert it into electronic signals In a CMOS sensor each pixel has its own charge to voltage conversion and the sensor often also includes amplifiers noise correction and digitization circuits so that chip outputs are digital bits In a CCD sensor each pixel s charge is transferred through a very limited number of output nodes to be converted to voltage buffered and sent off chip as an analog signal This difference in readout techniques has major impact on sensor limitations and capabilities Eight properties describe sensor performance 1 Speed an attribute that favors CMOS over CCDs because most of the camera functions can be placed on the image sensor 2 Quantum Efficiency the ratio between output signal and unit of input light energy Rolling Shutter CMOS sensors caught up massively within the past years and offer a similar performance 3 Uniformity is the consistency of response for different pixels under identical illumination conditions CMOS were traditionally much worse than CCDs however new amplifiers have made the illuminated uniformity of some CMOS close to that of CCDs 4 Dynamic range the ratio of a pixel s saturation level to its signal threshold CCDs have the advantage here 5 Windowing CMOS technology has the ability to read out a portion of the image sensor allowing elevated frame rates for small regions of interest CCDs generally have limited abilitie
24. vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 12 Flip Rotate Transformation The rotation performs a geometric transform which maps the position x1 y of a picture element in an input image onto a position x yo in an output image by rotating it through a user specified angle 0 about an origin O When acquiring images from camera the orientation might not be correct Rotation flipping algorithm provides user with possibility to rotate or flip image Figure 153 demonstrates all flipping cases and Figure 154 demonstrates all rotation cases Original Image Vertically Flipped Image Horizontally Flipped Image Figure 153 Example of image flipping Original Image Image rotated by 180 Image rotated by 90 Image rotated by 270 Figure 154 Example of image rotation Flipping Rotating in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for executing the flipping rotating transformations The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 93 For a detailed description on how to use this feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome 4 V Raw Bayer v V Color RGB V J Table 93 Flip Rotate supported bit depths and image types 1 90 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek
25. 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 15 Relative response of GC3851 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 16 Relative response of GC3851 Color from sensor datasheet 25 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 5 GC651M GC651C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX618 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 659x494 656x492 659x494 Optical size 1 4 Pixel size in um 5 6 x 5 6 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 120 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 3W 2 3W 2 3W Power consumption PoE 3 0W Not supported 3 0W Table 12 Model specific specification of GC651MC 26 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450
26. 23 5 Shutter Rolling Exposure time o3us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 12 ADC bit depth 8 bit Pixel data formats Mono8 BayerGR8 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 2W 2 2W 2 2W Power consumption PoE 2 8W Not supported 2 8W Table 9 Model specific specification of GC2041C Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 12 Relative response of GC2041 Color from sensor datasheet 21 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 3 GC2591M GC2591C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Aptina MT9P031 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CMOS Sensor resolution H x W 2592 x 1944 Optical size US Pixel size in um 2 2 X 2 2 Analog gain in dB 0 to 23 5 Shutter Rolling Exposure time 36us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 14 ADC bit depth 8 bit Pixel data formats Mono8 BayerGR8 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 2W 2 2W 2 2W Power consumption PoE 3 0W Not supported 3 0W Table 10 Model specific specification of GC2591 22 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYs
27. 4 Table 87 Matrix Multiplication supported bit depth and image type 1 80 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Matrix Multiplication 3x3 in the GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient the demosaicing options can be accessed in the Image Processing Properties panel under Matrix shown in Figure 146 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties AW GigEVisionClient GCP1941C 6C D1 46 00 01 60 192 168 0 134 File View Control Displays Help a Set Ip To Device w Connect Device l Disconnect Device Device Properties Device Property Info 1 amp eT f v M _ API Settings Parameters E g Visiblity Gur DeviceManufa Giganetix GigE Vision c Image Procesong Poosernes Coer AE Matix Give LUT Other 3 Enable Matrix Multiplication ZE Leis 0 00 E Bi R 0 00 1 00 eem CIE E Bi Be toad values save Values _ Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 11 FPS 11FPS Position Cursor X Y 233 869 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 21 48 15 Data Transfer Rate 31 01 MBps Figure 146 Matrix Multiplication RGB in the GigEVisionClient Enable Activate deactivate the matrix multiplication feature Reset Sets matrix coefficients to default values Load Values Load a file w
28. 46 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 5 1 Getting Started with Chunk Data Before using any of the chunk data features chunk mode should be checked to be supported by the camera The following C code shows how to check if ChunkMode is available device IsAvailable ChunkModeActive If chunk data is available it can be enabled by the ChunkMode property device SetBooleanNodeValue ChunkModeActive true ChunkMode can be disabled by setting the ChunkModeActive feature to false By enabling ChunkMode Imagelnfo chunk is automatically enabled and included into the image payload data this chunk cannot be disabled as long as ChunkMode is active Also all additional chunks are made available for inclusion The appended magelnfo chunk contains basic informations about the image and is required to correctly display acquired images The attributes included in the magelnfo chunk are shown in Table 73 Chunk Feature Description ChunkPixelFormat Pixel format of the current image ChunkLinePitch Line size in bytes ChunkWiath Width of the image ChunkHeight Height of the image ChunkOffsetX Offset x of the image ChunkOffsetY Offset y of the image Table 73 Basic chunks Further additional chunks can optionally be included into the image by following the steps below First desired chunk needs to be selected device Set TYPE NodeValue ChunkSelector
29. 5 0 X55 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 61 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8g Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerGR8 BayerGR16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 3 5W 3 5W 3 5W Power consumption PoE Not supported Not supported 4 2W Table 23 Model specific specification of GC1601 48 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 39 Relative response of GC 1601 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 40 Relative response of GC1601 Color from sensor datasheet 49 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 17 GC1921M GC1921C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Truesense Imaging KAI 02150 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type 2 Tap CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1920 x 1080 Optical size 2 3 Pixel size in um 5 0 X55 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41
30. 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 17 Relative response of GC651 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 18 Relative response of GC651 Color from sensor datasheet 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 6 GC652M GC652C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX424 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 659x494 656x492 659x494 Optical size 1 3 Pixel size in um 7 4 x 7 4 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 97 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 6W 2 6W 2 5W Power consumption PoE 3 2W Not supported 3 2W Table 13 Model specific specification of GC652 28 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 19 Relative response of G
31. 58 shows their electrical scheme Description Limits Recommended operating voltage 0 to 24 VDC Voltage level representing logical 0 0 to 1 4 VDC Region where the transition threshold Occurs the logical state 241410 42 2 VDC is not defined in this region Voltage level representing logical 1 gt 42 2 VDC Absolute maximum the camera may be damaged when the 30 0 VDC absolute maximum is exceeded Table 36 Electrical specification for trigger input operational limits Camera Receptacle Trigger Gnd line 1 Optional Trigger 1 BF545C 4 Trigger line 2 Input Voltage MAX Gnd 30V DC Figure 58 Trigger input scheme 68 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 3 2 4 Output Lines Electrical Specifications All cameras are equipped with two physical output lines designated as output line 1 and output line 2 The output lines are accessed via the power and l O interface receptacle Table 37 shows the operational limits of the trigger input lines Figure 59 shows their electrical scheme Each output line is opto isolated Description Limits The I O output may operate erratically lt 3 3 VDC Recommended operating voltage 3 3 to 24 VDC Absolute maximum th mera m m if th bsolute maximum t e ca era ay be damaged if the 430 0 VDC absolute maximum is exceeded The maximum current surge for outputs 25 mA Table
32. 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 33 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8g Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerGR8 BayerGR16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 3 6W 3 6W 3 6W Power consumption PoE Not supported Not supported 4 3W Table 24 Model specific specification of GC1921 50 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 41 Relative response of GC 1921 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 42 Relative response of GC1921 Color from sensor datasheet 51 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 18 GCP1931M GCP1931C GCP Image Sensor Sony IMX174 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CMOS Sensor resolution H x W 1936 x 1216 Optical size 1 1 2 Pixel size in um 5 86 x 5 86 Analog gain in dB 0 to 24 Shutter Global Exposure time 26us to 10s Max frame rate 8 1
33. ChunkName Afterward it needs to be enabled device SetBooleanNodeValue ChunkEnable true 147 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet A list of chunk features is shown in Table 74 Chunk Feature Description ChunkGain Gain applied to the image ChunkExposureTime Exposure time of the image ChunkCounterValue Selected counter value ChunkUserlntValue User defined integer value Table 74 Additional chunks i Note The PayloadType of the camera changes from Payloadlmage to PayloadChunkData On receiving images containing chunk data the chunk information can be read using the following code if imageInfo IsReadable ChunkNAME TYPE value imageInfo gt GetChunkNode ChunkNAME gt GetTYPENodeValue value By reading chunks this way it can be made sure that it is included into the image before it us tried to be accessed and what makes sure that application will not crash if chunk is accidently not sent Table 75 shows important C functions related to chunk data a full description of interface and further supported languages can be found in the API documentation located in the GigEVisionSDK installation folder Function Description device gt lsAvailable ChunkModeActive Returns true if ChunkMode is available or false if not device SetBooleanNodeValue ChunkModeActive value device Set TYPE NodeValue ChunkSelector
34. Data 8Bit Figure 95 Digital Bit Shifting at Analog to Digital Converter The DigitalShift property of the camera allows to shift the selected bits into the direction of the LSBs As e g by default bits 6 to 13 are used a DigitalShift value of 1 outputs bits 5 to 12 from the ADC Table 49 shows the ADC bits outputted at each DigitalShift value DigitalShift Value Bits at ADC 0 default 6 to 13 1 9 to 12 2 4 to 11 3 3 to 10 4 2 to 9 5 1to8 6 0 to 7 Table 49 DigitalShift values and used ADC bits Shifting the significant pixels to lowers has two main effects similar to doubling the analog amplification of the signal the brightness in the image will double with each step It thus enhances the maximum signal raise possible by the analog gain Further it makes the lower bits of the ADC accessible to detect very low signals while transferring 8 bit pixels without a further amplification of the signal 1 1 3 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 4 Area of Interest Control AOI Usually the complete pixel array of the sensor is transmitted and displayed As some applications and situations do not need the full resolution of the sensor it is on nearly all models of the Giganetix series possible to read out just a so called Region or Area of Interest ROI AOI It defines a sub part within the pixel array of the sensor which is transmitted only and makes it thus possible to
35. ICX274 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1628x1236 1624x1234 1628x1236 Optical size 1 1 8 Pixel size in um 4 4 x 4 4 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 25 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 W 2 W 2 W Power consumption PoE 3 4W Not supported 3 4W Table 20 Model specific specification of GC 1621 42 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 33 Relative response of GC 1621 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 34 Relative response of GC1621 Color from sensor datasheet 43 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 14 GC2441M GC2441C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX625 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Senso
36. IP address and Subnet mask can be entered like shown in Figure 106 right after choosing Use the following IP address Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP IPv4 Properties 9 ese Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP IPv4 Properties Eam General Alternate Configuration General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address amp Use the following IP address P address Subnet mask Default gateway g Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses a Use the following ONS server addresses Preferred DNS server Alternate DNS server Validate settings upon exit Figure 106 Internet Protocol Version 4 TCP IPv4 properties 134 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 3 Network Interface Optimization To reach the optimal performance with the Giganetix cameras the right choice of hardware is crucial as well as its configuration All following descriptions of driver settings are based on the Intel network driver
37. Interface Card NIC For NICs it is usually necessary to enable the Jumbo Frame Packet feature manually within the device driver On Microsoft Windows operating systems this can be accessed on the following way 1 Execute ncpa cpl e g via the command box of the Windows Startmenu or after pressing 7 Ron your keyboard 2 Right click the target network interface card and choose Properties 3 Press the Configure button below the name of the physical network interface shown in Figure 107 Networking Connect using amp Intel R 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection Genius Figure 107 Access to network interface card driver settings 1 35 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 4 The settings of the driver can be accessed by choosing the Advanced tab of the opened window As shown in Figure 108 raise the value of the Jumbo Packet property to its maximum value Intel R 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection Properties Power Management The following properties are available for this network adapter Click the property you want to change on the left and then select its value on the right erty Value Enable PME Energy Efficient Ethemet How Control Gigabit Master Slave Made Interupt Moderation Interupt Moderation Rate Pv4 Checksum Offload Jumba Packet Large Send Offload IPv4 Large Send Offload IPv amp Link Speed amp
38. Position Cursor X Y C42 1166 _Pheel Value RGB Cursor 0 0 0 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 129 Look up table feature in GigE VisionClient Enable LUT Enable application of look up table Reset Reset look up table to default values Load Values Load an user defined XML file with look up table parameters into the client Save Values Save the user defined look up table to a file Inverse Generate a predefined look up table which inverts the image 1 64 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 2 Digital Gain The pixel signal received from an image sensor is amplified and digitized before transmitted to the host application For devices which do not provide an individual analog gain separately for each color channel or in applications where the available maximum analog gain does not suffice a software based gain can be applied by the ImageProcAPI The digital gain is a factor which is multiplied with each pixel value of an image channel generating the new value of the pixel Pixel x Y out Pixel x y r x DigitalGain Each channel has its own gain value which makes it for example to a tool for white balancing if not already supported by the camera Further digital gain is a useful feature to enhance the image brightness especially under low light condition Increasing a digital gain value means increasing the intensity of each pixel
39. SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 2 1 Technical Drawings Figure 4 Technical measures of angled 90 camera housing all dimensions are in mm inch 1 1 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 3 Giganetix Board Level GC BL Series The board level version of the Giganetix camera series aims on the OEM integration of the camera into closed customer devices It provides the complete electrical design of the GC mainboard on a single board having a separated sensor head supporting cable lengths of up to 150 mm Figure 5 Giganetix Board Level Camera External dimensions 35 x 35 x 26 2 mm Sensor board 1 38 x 1 38 x 1 03 in ea 65 x 43 x 19 mm Head board 2 56 x 1 69 x 0 75 in Housing No housing sensor head and mainboard only connected via FPC cable Weight Approx 60g approx 2 10Z Storage temperature 30 C to 60 C 22 F to 140 F Operating temperature 0 C to 45 C 32 F to 113 F Operating humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Storage humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Power requirement 10V to 24V DC via Power and l O interface Power over Ethernet PoE Lens mount C Mount Connectors ocrew mount Ethernet RJ45 Communication and Data Circular Hirose 12 pin Power and l O Interface Digital input 2 input channels opto isolated Digital output 2 output channels opto isolated Conformity RoHS GigE Vision G
40. SMARTEK Vision Giganetix camera family offers an affordable easy to use set of digital cameras designed to meet demanding high quality image machine vision applications conforming to the industrial GigE Vision standard The compact housings fit almost every space critical application A wide selection of Sony Aptina and Truesense Imaging CCD and CMOS sensors delivers images with high sensitivity and low noise Excellent price to performance ratio makes this portfolio the perfect choice for every demanding user SMARTEK Vision Giganetix cameras combine standard Gigabit Ethernet technology with the GigEVisionSDK image acquisition software to reliably capture and transfer images from the camera to the PC All Giganetix cameras are supported by one Software Development Kit as well as a large number of 3rd party libraries compliant to the GigE Vision Standard To use these devices with other software than provided by SMARTEK Vision please check their user guides Ultra small compact form Precise image sensor alignment Sony Aptina and Truesense Imaging CCD and Built in IR cut off filter in color models optional CMOS sensors for monochrome models Long cable length up to 100m Use of low cost Catbe or Cat6 Ethernet cables Low power consumption low thermal dissipation Pixel depth of up to 14bit Very small trigger latency 2us jitter lt 0 5us Partial scan and region of interest functions High frame rates or high sensitivity option Black
41. SetIntegerNodeValue CounterValue value To enable CounterChunk e use ChunkSelector to select the appropriate counter chunk e set ChunkEnable to true 1 50 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 5 2 4 ChunkUserlntValue The ChunkUserlntValue is an integer value defined by the user When ChunkUserlntValue is enabled a chunk is added to each frame containg the value of the UserlntValue property The ChunkUserlntValue is a 4 byte value The following code shows how to set UserlntValue device SetIntegerNodeValue UserintValue value To enable UserlntValue chunk e use ChunkSelector to select UserlntValue chunk e set ChunkEnable to true 1 51 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK The ImageProcAPI provided by the GigE VisionSDK extends the camera functionality and provides a compre hensive set of fundamental image operations and image processing algorithms including White Balancing Gamma Correction Demosaicing Color Correction and many more All programming languages supported by the GigEVisionSDK API are supported by the ImageProcAPI as well namely C C Delphi C and VB NET Table 77 lists all image processing algorithms implemented in the mageProcAPI including the supported input image type Supported image input type Image
42. WHT OR WHT 1 pe 2 OR OR 2 3 GRN WHT GRN WHT 3 CCELLIIILEILIILLLLILLILEILLLILEILILELLELEIELELET eee DB e0oa BLU BLU 4 RD 5 BLU WHT BLU WHT 5 pe 6 GRN GRN 6 RD 7 BRN WHT BRN WHT 7 8 BRN BRN 8 Figure 54 Straight through cable scheme 63 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 3 2 Power and l O Interface Beside the Ethernet interface for communication and data transmission all cameras are equipped with a Power and l O Interface Via this interface the cameras provide access to two digital input and two digital output lines as well as their main power supply input Depending on the type of camera there are two different kind of connector types used shown in Table 33 Model Connector Type Receptable GC standard housing 12 pin Circular Hirose HR10A 10P 12S GC S90 angled 90 housing 12 pin Circular Hirose HR10A 10P 125 GCP standard housing 12 pin Circular Hirose HR10A 10P 12S GC BL board level 10 pin Molex Picoblade 53398 1071 10 pins Table 33 Power and l O interface connector type per model 2 3 2 1 12 pin Circular Hirose Connector The housed Giganetix standard and 90 angled cameras are equipped with a 12 pin circular Hirose receptacle to provide access to the power interface as well as the input and output lines Figure 55 shows the pin and connector orientation on the back of the camera housing Table 34 shows the corresponding
43. an intensity Bayer RGB color image by setting the missing color values to zero The intensity value of the current pixel remains unchanged Restrictions at the Image Borders Nearly all interpolation methods have problems at the borders of the image Depending on the size of the filter used 3x3 5x5 one or more neighbors in each direction are needed for interpolation at the borders at least one direction is not available like illustrated in Figure 142 and Figure 143 for Bilinear and HQ Linear Figure 142 Bilinear algorithm border Figure 143 HQ Linear algorithm border The ImageProcAPI therefore provides four approaches e leave border pixels as original RAW e cut off border pixels e fill border pixels with a solid color e interpolate border pixels with a specific demosaicing algorithm 1 78 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Demosaicing in GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for configuring and executing the demosaicing operations within user applications The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 86 For a detailed description on how to use the demosaicing feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome Raw Bayer
44. balancing is needed to accurately balance color The white balancing feature implemented in the ImageProcAPI adjusts the weighting for each color channel using digital gains in order to remove the unwanted color casts 1 70 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Figure 136 demonstrates the White Balancing feature implemented in the GigEVisionSDK The green color cast is corrected the output image appears as it should Figure 136 ColorChecker chart without left and with White Balancing right White Balance in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for executing the White Balance algorithm The bit depth and image types supported are shown in Table 84 Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome V V Raw Bayer 4 V Color RGB J v Table 84 White Balance supported bit depth and supported image type For a detailed description on how to use the auto white balance feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory White Balance in the GigEVisionClient In GigEVisionClient the user can apply the White Balance algorithm once or repeatedly for every incoming frame All options can be can be accessed in the Image Processing Properties panel under Color shown in Figure 137 If not visible the panel ca
45. can be found in the API documentation located in the GigEVisionSDK installation folder The duration of the exposure time can affect also the maximum frame rate per second Note FPS of the camera The exposure time in us for each frame must not exceed Wis to be able to reach the target frame rate TargetFPS The automatic modification of the camera s exposure time within user applications can be realized by using the ImageProcAPI provided by the GigEVisionSDK For detailed description of the automatic exposure feature please refer to chapter 6 2 3 Auto Exposure and Auto Gain 107 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 3 2 Analog Gain and Black Level After the charge was read out from the active pixel array it needs to be amplified according to the input levels of the analog to digital converter or even higher to lighten up dark scenes without raising the exposure time or adding light Analog Gain Figure 92 illustrates a typical image acquisition signal chain in SMARTEK Vision digital cameras The analog voltage generated by the sensor will be passed through the Variable Gain Control where it is amplified by a factor configurable by the camera s Gain value BlackLevel FPGA Figure 92 Typical signal chain in a CCD CMOS image sensor In SMARTEK Vision digital cameras gain values are expressed in decibels dB the analog gain defines the ratio between the output and
46. device It also defines the way for the device to notify an application about specific events e GigE Vision Stream Protocol GVSP covers the definition of data types and the ways images and other data are transferred from device to application e GigE Device Discovery Mechanism provides mechanisms for a device to obtain valid IP address and for an application to enumerate devices on the network e XML description file based on the GenlCam standard which provides the mapping between a device feature and the device register implementing the feature 3 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 1 Description of Product Family 1 2 2 GenlCam GenlCam Generic Interface for Cameras is a generic AG programming interface for machine vision cameras The m goal of the standard is to decouple industrial camera GEN lt I gt CAM rs Clad interface technology such as GigE Vision Camera Link USB or FireWire from the user application programming interface API GenlCam is administered by the European Machine Vision Association EMVA GenlCam consists of three modules to help solve the main tasks in machine vision field in a generic way These modules are e GenApi configures the camera and details how to access and control cameras by using an XML description file e Standard Feature Naming Convention SFNC are the recommended names and types for common features in cameras to promote interoperabili
47. difference of the two images is clearly visible Due to the nearly linear behavior of the used sensors doubling the exposure time results in an approximately doubled pixel intensity Figure 91 Different exposure time settings The exposure time for SMARTEK Vision digital cameras is configurable by the GenlCam Float property ExposureTime and expressed in microseconds us Each camera has a predefined range of values depending on the sensor and its technology The minimum and maximum exposure time for each camera model is shown in 2 2 Sensor Information and Technical Specification All Models Separate and can be determined programmatically via the Devicelnterface of the gige API 1 06 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Function Description bool GetFloatNodeValue Get value of IFloat node ExposureTime ExposureTime double amp nodeValue const bool SetFloatNodeValue ExposureTime double nodeValue bool GetFloatNodeMin ExposureTime double amp nodeMinValue const bool GetFloatNodeMax ExposureTime double amp nodeMaxValue const Set value of IFloat node ExposureTime Get minimum value of IFloat node ExposureTime Get maximum value of IFloat node ExposureTime Table 42 ExposureTime Access through API Table 42 shows important C API functions in context of the exposure time a full description of the interface and further supported languages
48. image data flow from the camera to the software e GigEVisionClient The GigEVisionClient is an as binary and source available sample application which contains and utilizes the whole function set available by the GigEVisionSDK API in an intuitive graphical user interface Besides displaying images grabbed from the cameras it provides graphical access to e g multiple cameras their configuration and available post processing functions e GigEVisionSDK API The GigEVisionSDK offers an application programming interface API for for Gigabit Ethernet Vision GigE Vision cameras It supports the programming languages C C Delphi C and VB NET and allows an easy integration of a SMARTEK Vision camera in own software applications e ImageProc API The ImageProc API extends the basic camera functionality provided by the GigEVisionSDK API by color and post processing functions like e g debayering gamma look up table LUT and color correction algorithms All programming languages supported by the GigEVisionSDK API are supported by the ImageProc API as well 3 1 Supported Operating Systems The SMARTEK Vision GigEVisionSDK has been created to support Microsoft Windows as well as Linux operating systems For Microsoft Windows one software installer supports all versions and system architectures 32 or 64 Bit The GigEVisionSDK for Linux is available in versions for Debian and RPM based packet managers separately for 32 and 64 Bit Table 3
49. in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of the following EC directives Reference No Title 89 336 EEC 92 31 EECElectromagnetic Compatibility EMC directive Following standards or normative documents EN 55022 1994 Class A A1 1995 A2 1997 EN 61326 1997 Class A A1 1998 A2 2001 A3 2003 EN 55024 1998 A1 2001 A2 2003 The equipment specified above was tested conforming to the applicable Rules under the most accurate measurement standards possible and that all the necessary steps have been taken and are in force to assure that production units of the same product will continue comply with the requirements Damir Dolar Dipl Ing Hardware Engineer Smartek d o o 13 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 4 2 FCC Manufacturer omartek d o o Bana Josipa Jelacica 22c HR 40000 Cakovec Croatia Product Digital Gigabit Ethernet Camera Type Family Giganetix Standard Giganetix S90 Version Giganetix Plus Type of Equipment GC1281M GC2041C GC2591M GC2591C GC3851M GC3851C GC651M GC651C GC652M GC652C GC653M GC653C GC781M GC781C GC1031M GC1031C GC1391M GC1391C GC1392M GC1392C GC1621M GC1621C GC2441M GC2441C GC1021M GC1021C GC1291M GC1291C GC1601M GC1601C GC1921M GC1921C GCP1931M GCP1931C GCP1941M GCP1941C GCP2751M GCP2751C GCP3381M GCP3381C GCP4241M GCP4241C Dir
50. input voltage value in a base 10 logarithmic scale Uamp Uin Gaingp 20x logio For calculating the linear amplification factor from the gain value in dB the reverse function can be applied Tue 10 2 2 The Giganetix cameras provide the real value of the analog to digital converter to the user As the sensor signal at saturation is usually a fraction of the level needed to generate a maximum digital value at the analog to digital converter it is per default higher than 0 dB or factor 1 in linear scale Usual default values are between 12 dB and 15 dB where the useful signal is fitted only to the input of the analog to digital converter but not enhanced to improve e g the image brightness Gain modification is also useful for enhancing the image brightness especially in low light condition Increasing a gain value means increasing the intensity of each pixel resulting in a brighter image However the image noise will also increase when gains are increasing Figure 93 shows two images with different gain settings The image on the right is captured with a gain value of 14 dB while the image on the left is captured with a gain value of 19 dB Like expected the left image appears brighter than the right one 1 08 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Figure 93 Captures under different gain settings The analog gain on SMARTEK Vision digital cameras is configurable by t
51. luminance a the darkest percentage brightness value ideally 0 b the digital gain and c the gamma y a bx Further x can be determined based on the bit depth n by the following formula _ pixelvalue x o The appropriate gamma curve can be determined by capturing an image of a calibrated gray scale showing a linear progression over a brightness of 0 to 100 Gamma Correction in GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for setting and executing the gamma correction algorithm The bit depth and image types supported are shown in Table 85 For a detailed description on how to use the digital offset gain and gamma correction feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome d 4 Raw Bayer 4 V Color RGB 4 4 Table 85 Gamma Correction supported bit depth and image type 174 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision Gamma Correction in GigEVisionClient 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionClient Gamma Gain and Offset can be accessed in the Image Processing Properties panel under Color Mono shown in Figure 139 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties aT File View Contrel Displays
52. n Packet 3 Packet 2 Packet Packet 4 Gamera 2 Packet n Packet 3 Packet 2 Collision Figure 103 Packet flow while not using inter packet delay If the Inter Packed Delay is not used excessive collisions between packets may occur which cause in data loss like illustrated in Figure 103 A number n of packets are sent over the same network connection by two cameras Without any Inter Packet Delay between the packets collisions within the packet transmission flow can happen mainly caused by missing bandwidth Figure 104 illustrates a well configured Inter Packet Delay to prevent collisions Packets sending flow Packets receiving flow Camera 1 Packet n Delay Packet 2 Each camera has dedicated time slot Packet 1 Packet 1 camera Delay Packet 2 Delay Figure 104 Packet flow while using inter packet delay 132 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet Setting Inter Packet Delay The cameras provide the features GevSCPSPacketSize and GevSCPD GevSCPD represents the Inter Packet Delay and is expressed in microseconds Its value can range from 0 to 1000us and should be set according to number of cameras connected to a certain network interface card and GevSCPSPacketSize The GevSCPSPacketSize feature represents the size of packets and is expressed in bytes the default camera packet size is at 1500 bytes but can be larger
53. or ote equivalent A Caution An incorrect pin alignment or connector can damage the camera 66 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 3 2 2 10 pin Molex Picoblade Connector The board level Giganetix cameras GC BL are equipped with a 10 pin Molex Picoblade receptacle to provide access to the power interface as well as the input and output lines Figure 52 shows the pin and connector orientation on the back of the camera housing Table 35 shows the corresponding pin assignment Figure 57 10 pin Molex Picoblade receptacle Pin and connector orientation Pin no Signal DC power supply Power GND Output 2 Output 2 Output 1 Output 1 Input 1 Input 1 c O N O Oo A C N Input 2 Input 2 O Table 35 12 pin circular Hirose receptacle Pin assignment The 10 pin connector on the camera mainboard is a Molex Picoblade 53398 1071 with Note 10 pins 67 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 3 2 3 Input Lines Electrical Specifications All cameras are equipped with two physical input lines designated as input line 1 and input line 2 The input lines are accessed via the power and I O interface receptacle on the back of the camera Each input line is opto isolated Table 36 shows the operational limits of the trigger input lines while Figure
54. order which means the Least Significant Byte comes first the most significant byte comes second The memory layout of the image with the Bayer16 pixel format is shown in Figure 116 Starting from the upper left of the image byte 0 and byte 1 represent the value of pixel P 1 1 byte 2 and byte 3 represent the value of pixel P 1 2 and so on The least significant bit is assigned to bit O of the first byte the most significant bit to bit 7 of the second byte P 1 1 P 1 2 Byte O Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 LSB MSB LSB MSB Qs Plesl e 5 Figure 116 Image layout with pixel format GR16 RG16 GB16 BG16 1 43 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 4 4 Pixel Formats Supported by the SMARTEK Vision Giganetix camera family Monochrome Cameras CMOS Mono8 Mono16 GC1281M e O GC2591M e O GC3851M e CCD Mono8 Mono16 GC651M e o GC652M GC653M e e GC781M e e GC1031M e e GC1291M e e GC1391M e e GC1392M e e GC1621M e e GC2441M e e GC1021M e e GC1601M e e GC1921M e e GCP1931M e e GCP1941M e e GCP2751M e e GCP3381M e e GCP4241M o o Table 71 Pixel formats supported by SMARTEK Vision monochrome cameras 144 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Vsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet Color Cameras CMOS BayerGR8 BayerGRH16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 GC2041C e O e GC2591C e O O GC3851C O O O CCD Ba
55. pin assignment Figure 55 12 pin circular Hirose receptacle Pin and connector orientation 64 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Pin no Signal Power GND DC power supply Output 1 Output 1 Input 2 Input 2 Input 1 Input 1 c fo N Oo Ci A C N Output 2 O Output 2 Input 1 NO Input 1 Table 34 12 pin circular Hirose receptacle Pin assignment N The 12 pin connector on the camera is a Hirose receptacle and can be used with a ote HR10A 10P 125 or equivalent C Only cameras with PoE provide a polarity protection on the power input circuit aution voltage reversal on models without PoE will damage the camera 65 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Cabling Requirements A single 12 pin Hirose receptacle is used to power the camera and provide access to its input and output lines When assembling the 12 pin Hirose connector on one side of the cable care must be taken to follow the pin arrangement shown in Table 34 determining pin 1 from the supplied drawing is critical It is recommended to use a shielded twisted pair cable to avoid EMI the maximum length should not exceed 10m Figure 56 Hirose 12 pin plug connector N The 12 pin connector for the cable is a Hirose plug HR10A 10P 125 73
56. pixels are equipped with filters which are only transmissive for green the other two only for red and blue Since green carries most of the luminance information for the human eye its sampling rate is twice as that of R and B Figure 140 shows the GR filter alignment which means that the pattern starts with green G followed by red R GR Figure 140 Bayer Filter Pattern GR The illustration in Figure 140 is for demonstration purposes only In effect each pixel is described by an intensity value which appears gray to the human eye shown in Figure 141 1 76 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Figure 141 Raw image overlaid with a Bayer pattern Figure 141 shows a raw image from a color camera If it is zoomed into the image the Bayer pattern gets more and more visible Each pixel represents an intensity value to reconstruct a full color image from the incomplete color samples the missing color information at each pixel has to be interpolated The interpolation process has several different names like Color Filter Array Interpolation Demosaicing or Debayering The reconstructed image is typically accurate in uniform colored areas but has a loss of resolution especially at structures and edges There are different interpolation methods where each of them has its own strengths and weaknesses In the ImageProcAPI three algorithms are implemented namely Bil
57. statistics Monochrome Raw Bayer RGB Histogram V V V Average luminance V V V Image processing algorithms Look up Table LUT V V V Digital Gain V V V Auto Exposure V 4 V White Balance V V Gamma Correction V V V Debayering Demosaicing Bilinear V High Quality Linear V Pixel Grouping V Colorized V Matrix Multiplication V Gimp HSL V Sharpening V V RGB to Gray conversion V Bit Depth conversion V V V Image Processing pipeline Color pipeline V V Table 77 Implemented image processing algorithms in ImageProcAPI The installed ImageProcAPI includes several code examples for reference available in all supported progra mming languages All examples are located in the corresponding folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory For a more detailed description on the parameters of each algorithm or on how to apply them please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API help located at the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory 152 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 1 Image Statistics 6 1 1 Histogram A histogram is a graphical representation of the distribution of all intensity values that can be found in an image The histogram graph is plotted using the Cartesian coordinate system The x coordinates are in a range from 0 to 2 1 where n is the bit depth of a pixel value Each x coordinate can correspond to an intensity value that exists in th
58. the image lightens up line by line from top to bottom Frame Start lExposure tErameReadout Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line N 1 Line N iFrame Exposure Readout Figure 90 Global Reset Release GRR Frame Readout Similar to the Electronic Rolling Shutter the progression of brightness in the image can be reduced or even removed by a controlled illumination situation The illumination of the sensor can in this case already be started with the sensor exposure but must end with the exposure of Line 1 what corresponds to the overall exposure time configured in the camera 1 05 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 3 Brightness and Sensor Signal Control 4 3 1 Exposure Integration Time The brightness of an image is influenced by the amount of light that falls on the image sensor concerning both intensity and duration The duration of time in which the photosensitive cells of the image sensor are exposed to the incoming light is called the exposure time or the integration time While the intensity of light depends on the light source and the lens aperture the exposure time can be controlled by modifying parameters of the camera Figure 91 demonstrates two settings of camera s exposure time The left picture is captured with an exposure time of 10000 us For the right picture the exposure time is set to 22000 us The brightness
59. up to fully customer specific implementations Figure 9 Giganetix Plus Camera with standard housing External dimensions 1 97 x 1 97 x 1 89 in Housing Black anodized aluminum case Weight Approx 150g 9 30Z Storage temperature 30 C to 60 C 22 F to 140 F Operating temperature 0 C to 50 C 32 F to 122 F Operating humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Storage humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Power requirement 10V to 24V DC via Power and l O interface Power over Ethernet PoE Lens mount C Mount Connectors screw mount Ethernet RJ45 Communication Data and Power Circular Hirose 12 pin Power and l O Interface Digital input 2 input channels opto isolated Digital output 2 output channels opto isolated Conformity CE FCC RoHS GigE Vision GenlCam PoE IEEE802 3af measured at camera housing Table 7 Mechanical and electrical specifications 1 7 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 4 1 Technical Drawings 2 51 M3x0 5 6H Y 5 00 0 20 Figure 10 Technical measures of GCP camera with standard housing all dimensions are in mm inch 1 8 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 Sensor Information and Technical Specification All Models Separate The following chapter contains sensor specific specifications for al
60. with at least one complete side of the housing to a massive heat conductive material e g aluminum make sure that the whole surface is constantly in touch e Active cooling of the camera by a fan will significantly decrease the temperature e Keep the ambience temperature as low as possible Board level cameras e f mounted into another closed device make sure to offer a constant heat exchange by e g an air flow e Additional active passive heat sinking of the critical components Sensor Head Flash FPGA DDR Ethernet Physical PoE driver etc allows for higher ambient temperatures at own risk Example Figure 60 gives an example of the thermal behavior of a Giganetix camera mounted to different heat conductors described in Table 38 The used camera is a GC1921M with a 2 Tap Truesense Imaging sensor which was chosen as one with the highest power consumption 3 6 Watts in the Giganetix lineup Color Label Description Not mounted Camera is placed on a material with a very low heat conductivity plastic the main heat dissipation occurs over the surrounding air Aluminum loose Camera is placed loose on a construction profile 150x70x30 mm of a material with a very good heat conductivity aluminum Aluminum well mounted Camera is well mounted on a construction profile 150x70x30 mm of a material with a very good heat conductivity aluminum Table 38 Description of the curves in Figure 60 70 SMARTEK Vi
61. workflow of the Packet Resent mechanism would be enhanced by the following definitions 1 Interval defined by MaxMissingPacketWaiting parameter 2 As the MaxMissingPacketWaiting time has expired missing packet is considered as lost 1 29 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 5 1 1 1 API Statistics 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet The Packet Resent statistics in the API can be accessed by the parameters described in Table 64 Parameter ResetAll MissingPackets PacketResendsAmount LostPackets Lostlmages IgnoredPackets Incompletelmages AllPackets UnknownDevice LeaderPackets PayloadPackets TrailerPackets UnknownPackets Type CMD Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Integer Description Hesets all current statistics Count of missing packets Count of resend requests Count of packets that were declared as lost Count of images that were declared as lost Count of packets that are ignored usually packets that are already analyzed or packets that do not belong to this stream Count of processed incomplete images Count of all received packets Count of all unknown devices Count of all leader packets that are processed Count of all payload packets that are processed Count of all trailer packets that are processed Count off all packets that have wrong packet format and were discarded Table 64 Pa
62. 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Histogram of Histogram of Histogram of Optimal exposed Image red channel green channel blue channel Figure 119 Example of using histogram to determine optimal image exposure Other applications for histograms are e Calculation of optimal exposure time e Calculation of correction values for white balancing e Contrast enhancement using histogram equalization e Global thresholding often used in the area of image segmentation Histogram in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface to generate histogram data from images The bit depth and image types supported by the histogram feature are shown in Table 78 For a detailed description on how to instantiate this feature in user applications please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome J V Raw Bayer 4 v Color RGB 4 v Table 78 Histogram supported bit depth and image types 1 95 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Histogram in the GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient application the histogram feature can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Histogram shown in Figure 120 File View Control Displays Help
63. 12 GC1392M GC1392C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX285 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1392x1040 1384x1038 1392x1040 Optical size 2 3 Pixel size in um 6 45 x 6 45 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 32 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 8W 2 8W 2 8W Power consumption PoE 3 5W Not supported 3 5W Table 19 Model specific specification of GC 1392 40 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 31 Relative response of GC 1392 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 32 Relative response of GC1392 Color from sensor datasheet 41 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 13 GC1621M GC1621C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony
64. 16 bit monochrome unsigned Pixel size 2 byte Value range 0 65535 Table 68 Specification PixelFormat Mono16 The two bytes are arranged in little endian order which means that the Least Significant Byte LSB is arranged first the most significant byte second The memory layout of the image with the Mono16 pixel format is shown in Figure 114 Starting with the upper left of the image byte 0 and byte 1 represent the value of pixel P 1 1 byte 2 and byte 3 represent the value of pixel P 1 2 and so on The least significant bit is assigned to bit O of the first byte the most significant bit to bit 7 of the second byte 141 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet P 1 1 P 1 2 Byte 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 LSB MSB LSB MSB oel e Plesl 5 Figure 114 Image layout with pixel format Mono16 5 4 3 Supported Pixel Formats for Color Cameras 5 4 3 1 BayerGR8 BayerRG8 BayerGB8 BayerBG8 In an image with one of the Bayer8 pixel formats each pixel value P is represented by one byte or 8 bits The GR RG GB or BG notation describes the layout of the Bayer pattern on the image sensor used in the camera For detailed description about color imaging and the Bayer filter please refer to chapter 4 1 5 Color Imaging with Bayer Pattern The Bayer8 pixel formats in SMARTEK Vision digital cameras are specified like shown below PixelFo
65. 2 Power and l O Interface Each physical line is configured separately and can be selected by the LineSelector property The property LineMode contains if the currently selected line is an Input or Output Table 57 describes all available configuration properties Property Type Description LineSelector Enumeration Select the line for configuration all further properties contain the values based on the selected line Values are e Linel e Line2 ETE RA LineMode Enumeration Contains if the currently selected line is an Input or Output LineStatus Boolean Current status of the selected line LineSource Enumeration Source event driving the output line LineFormat Enumeration Internal electrical circuit of the line LineDebouncer Time Float Define the debouncer time of input lines in us Table 57 Trigger Sources 4 6 1 Input Lines The camera s input lines can be used to trigger an acquisition of the camera on external events The assignment of the physical input lines as a frame or acquisition trigger is described in Chapter 4 5 2 Triggered Operation Figure 99 shows the partial process of a complete image acquisition The incoming electrical signal of the external source is filtered by the LineDebouncer and raises the internal trigger signal if valid The internal circuit adds a fixed trigger latency stated in the camera s specification usually 2us to which the user defined TriggerDelay is added until the exposure is started
66. 37 Electrical specification for digital output ney 220 Q MOCD207 M BC847BS Recepiade Ine m 3 3 to 24 VDC OUTPUT 1 Gnd Ext Gnd y 270 Q Voltage Output Signal Output mea 2200 MOCD207 M ree m 3 3 to 24 Po s n Ext Gnd g 2700 a Voltage Gnd Ed Camera MR Figure 59 Digital output scheme 69 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 3 3 Temperature Specification and Heat Dissipation The temperature specification given for storing and operation of all devices are measured at any location of the camera s housing If the camera is delivered without a housing the specified range refers to the direct ambient temperature of the board set at any location In operation it must be ensured that the internal heat generation of the camera is dissipated sufficiently to make the device or its environment not exceed the specified borders The camera will steadily heat up in the first hour of operation and should be monitored Beside the risk of damage a too high camera temperature also decreases the image quality of the sensor significantly The thermal noise generated in silicon based sensors raises exponentially with the temperature hereby the useful signal falls rapidly As every application and environment has its own characteristics SMARTEK Vision can only suggest general strategies to keep the camera s temperature low e Mount housed cameras
67. 6Bit in Hz 51 25 ADC bit depth 8 bit 12 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 3 1W Power consumption PoE 3 8W Table 25 Model specific specification of GCP1931 52 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 1 0 o 09 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 900 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm ve respo Relati Figure 43 Relative response of GCP1931 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 1 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 900 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm Relative response Figure 44 Relative response of GCP1931 Color from sensor datasheet 53 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 19 GCP1941M GCP1941C GCP Image Sensor Sony ICX674 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type 4 Tap CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1936 x 1456 Optical size 2 3 Pixel size in um 4 54 x 4 54 Analog gain in dB 12 to 24 Shutter Global Shutter Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8 16Bit in Hz 36 17 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono
68. 8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 4 1W Power consumption PoE 5 2W Table 26 Model specific specification of GCP1941 54 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 1 0 o 0 9 pons o 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 lative re R Wavelength nm Figure 45 Relative response of GCP1941 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 1 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 500 600 700 Relative response Wavelength nm Figure 46 Relative response of GCP1941 Color from sensor datasheet 59 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 20 GCP2751M GCP2751C GCP Image Sensor Sony ICX694 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type 4 Tap CCD Sensor resolution H x W 2752 x 2208 Optical size ili Pixel size in um 4 54 x 4 54 Analog gain in dB 12 to 24 Shutter Global Shutter Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8 16Bit in Hz 18 8 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerGR8 BayerGR16 Synchron
69. 9 contains a list of the supported operating systems and the appropriate installation package Operating System 32 Bit 64 Bit SDK Package Windows XP Windows Vista Windows Executable Microsoft Windows 7 Windows 8 Windows 8 1 DEB based Debian Ubuntu Knoppix 32Bit deb 64Bit deb Linux nn Hn EN e nn HN Hw RPM based Fedora Red Hat SUSE 32Bit rpm 64Bit rpm Table 39 Supported operating systems and installation packages 76 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 2 Un Installing the GigEVisionSDK on Microsoft Windows and Linux QuickStart and Installation guides for Microsoft Windows and Linux operating systems can be downloaded separately from the SMARTEK Vision webpage www SMARTEKvision com downloads php The uninstallation on Microsoft Windows can be started by removing the software in Programs and Features in the Microsoft Windows Control Panel 3 3 Unattended Installation on Microsoft Windows Operating Systems In cases where the GigEVisionSDK needs to be included into user s own installer it is possible to install the package in silent mode This way it is possible to install the package without any graphical output and user interactions To run the installation silently execute the binary from the command prompt as Administrator with the following flags in one line SMARTEK Vision GigEVisionSDK Vxxxx exe VERYSILENT SUPPRE
70. C1921M C 192 PC anc knee 4 9 3 9 4 3 4 9 8 9 3 3 4 9 4 4 9 8 49 3 4 8 4 43 4 3 8 4 4 3 50 29 GCP II SIM GG PTSSTO x aet ok Eolo oot olio Eas ku ks ERR d 52 2 2 19 GCP1941M GCP1941C 2l ee 54 2 2 20 GCP2751M GCP2751C 2 22 lll llle 56 2 2 21 GCP3381M GCP3381C 22e lel 58 2 2 22 QCPA241M GCPA241G uuu SA XSMmEESSAmEHGSAMdo TSYsseeuy33 60 2 3 Physical Interfaces 2l ers 62 2 3 1 Ethernet Interface 2 2s 62 2 3 2 Powerandl O Interface len 64 2 3 3 Temperature Specification and Heat Dissipation 70 2 3 4 IR Cut Filteri 2464544464484 44445 4686846 eee eee ew eee ee ed 72 2 3 5 Ingress Protection Class 0 0 0 ce ln 72 2 4 Declarations of Conformity seres 73 CAM Ce ge eee ee OEE OEE eee E 73 242 FCC 1222242229242 99 92222994922949 9495924944 992929929999292 292 74 CS TOMS ux 3 9 9 9 9 3 9 8 3 3 9 9 3 3 289 393 8 9 93 2 9 3 39 9 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 5 75 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision Table of Contents 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 76 3 1 Supported Operating Systems 2 2 a 76 3 2 Un Installing the GigEVisionSDK on Microsoft Windows and Linux 77 3 3 Unattended Installation on Microsoft Windows Operating Systems 77 3 4 Manual Filter Driver Installation Uninstallation a ee ee
71. C652 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 20 Relative response of GC652 Color from sensor datasheet 29 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 7 GC653M GC653C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX414 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 659x494 656x492 659x494 Optical size 1 2 Pixel size in um 9 9 x 9 9 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 97 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 6W 2 6W 2 5W Power consumption PoE 3 2W Not supported 3 2W Table 14 Model specific specification of GC653 30 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 21 Relative response of GC653 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2
72. Compatibility check Programming file is compatible with selected device Programming is enabled PASSED passed Update mode set OK Update header checked OK Update header processed OK Firmware written to device memory OK Firmware CRC OK ash wrtten OK xcu successful Figure 79 Firmware update dialog after the update is successfully executed Not In case of any major errors during the update process please repeat the firmware upload Do not restart a camera before the process was finished successfully 92 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 Image Acquisition The following chapter gives a brief overview about the general principles of digital image acquisition based on the Giganetix series starting at the point where the image was projected to the image sensor plane It further includes a description of the camera s main functionality as well as the main configuration options of the image acquisition 4 1 General Camera Architecture The Giganetix camera series consist of multiple electronic components to convert incoming light to a digital signal process it and send it to the host device or network Figure 80 shows the simplified architecture of each camera containing the image data path orange from the sensor to the Ethernet Network as well as multiple control paths red LEOL Sensor Ethernet Network Controller gt Control Data Im
73. Duplex Link Speed Battery Saver Locally Administered Address Figure 108 Network interface card advanced driver settings Jumbo Packets Gigabit Ethernet Switches otandard or simple network switches unmanaged which support Jumbo Frames Packets usually have this feature enabled per default as they offer no way of configuration Professional or so called managed switches which provide a configuration interface in most cases with a web based GUI have it in many cases disabled as it is configurable for each port separately For validation please refer to the documentation of your individual device 1 36 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 3 3 Raising Receive Buffers The receive buffer size of the network interface card represents a reserved memory in the system memory which is used to buffer incoming data Especially at the high bandwidth of Gigabit Ethernet cameras it is recommended to raise the buffer size for at least the incoming packets receive buffers to the supported maximum As it is a feature of the network interface card it usually can be accessed via its driver settings On Microsoft Windows operating systems it can be accessed on the following way 1 Execute ncpa cpl e g via the command box of the Windows Startmenu or after pressing 7 Ron your keyboard 2 Right click the target network interface card and choose Propertie
74. GigEVisionSDK 6 2 11 Bit Depth Conversion The bit depth of a pixel describes the resolution with which the luminance information is handled As usual display devices only support 8 bit per channel the Bit Depth Conversion algorithm there allows the conversion from 16 bit down to 8 bit and vice versa Converting images from a higher bit depth to a lower one will lead to reduction of the image size Please keep in mind that this conversion causes information loss which cannot be recovered by the back conversion to a higher bit depth Bit Depth Conversion in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for converting the bit depth of an image The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 92 Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome d 4 Raw Bayer ve V Color RGB d 4 Table 92 Bit depth conversion supported bit depth and image type For a detailed description on how to use this feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Bit Depth Conversion in the GigEVisionClient The Bit Depth Conversion function is automatically applied to 16 bit per channel images to display them on the screen The inverse conversion from 8 bit to 16 bit is therefore not relevant in the GigEVisionClient 1 89 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek
75. Help Set Ip To Device E Connect Device Wi Disconnect Device Casi Firmware Update Preview Devices Device Properties Device Property Info API Settings x Image Processing Properties S Histogram xm Giles DeviceControl DeviceVendor DeviceModellW hulan cf HG Linear T Cak Reset Average Gamma Gain Offset Red 74 oM uM Green 65 1 00 8 0 00 Eg we s A Load Values Save Values Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 155 125 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 71 67 60 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps 175 Figure 139 Gamma Correction dialog SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 6 Color Filter Array Interpolation Demosaicing Debayering Each pixel on a digital camera sensor contains a light sensitive photo diode which measures the amount of incoming light As photodiodes are monochromatic devices they are unable to determine the distribution of the incoming light to different wavelengths A common way to distinguish between different light wavelengths or colors is to place an array of color filters Color Filter Array CFA on top of the sensor to filter out for example the red green and blue components of light falling onto it Among many CFA patterns the most commonly used is the Bayer pattern For each 2x2 set of pixels two diagonally opposed
76. Lightness Saturation GIMP algorithm M BO Image Size 1936 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 18 FPS 4FPS Position Cursor X Y 1208 1715 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 0 0 0 Data Transfer Rate 50 74 MBps Figure 148 Color GIMP dialog Enable activate deactivate the GIMP Hue Saturation Lightness processing Reset Sets all settings to default values Load Values Load an file with user defined Hue Saturation and Lightness values Save Values Save the current Hue Saturation and Lightness values to a file 1 84 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 9 Sharpening In some situations captured images are blurred where the reasons may vary imperfect produced lenses or digital image sensors themselves can blur an image to some degree as well as motion in the scene and image operations which may reduce the sharpness Especially on Bayer color image sensors where the missing color information is interpolated a loss of sharpness is unavoidable Sharpening emphasizes edges and fine details in the image enhancing its visual quality The image seems sharper but no new details are actually created Figure 149 demonstrates the sharpening algorithm of the ImageProcAPI On the left the original image is displayed on the right the sharpened image with an applied sharpen factor of 1 0 As result the output image appears sharper in co
77. Pixel Value RGB Cursor 0 0 0 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 150 Sharpening in the GigEVisionClient e Enable Activate deactivate the image sharpening feature e Reset Sets the sharpen factor to the default value 1 86 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 10 RGB to Grayscale Conversion Color images often have to be converted to grayscale providing input data for subsequent digital image processing like edge detection filters OCR etc The RGB to grayscale conversion performs a reduction of the RGB color data into a single channel luminance image Figure 151 shows an example of RGB to gray conversion The image on the left represents the original RGB color image The output grayscale image on the right is the result of the conversion process Input color image Output grayscale image Figure 151 Example of RGB to gray conversion RGB to Gray Conversion in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigE VisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for executing the RGB to gray conversion The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 91 For a detailed description on how to use this feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigE VisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome Raw Bayer Color RGB
78. ProcAPI provides the programming interface to set parameters and execute the auto exposure algorithm to determine the new exposure time and gain adjustment values The bit depth and image type supported are shown in Table 83 For a detailed description on how to use the auto exposure feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome V V Raw Bayer d V Color RGB V V Table 83 Auto exposure supported bit depth and image type 1 68 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Auto Exposure in the GigEVisionClient In the GigE VisionClient the Auto Exposure AE can be enabled disabled in the Image Processing Properties panel under AE see Figure 133 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties Four parameters can be adjusted 1 Target Brightness 96 default 50 This parameter determines the average brightness of the image which should be reached For an 8 bit image this value is 127 5 for a 16 bit image 32767 5 2 Min Exposure Time us default 100 minimum exposure time to be calculated This value must not match the minimum exposure time of the image sensor but should not undercut 3 Max Exposure Time us default 300000 maximum exposu
79. Qsmartek vision User Manual Giganetix Camera Family SMARTEK Vision Business Class Products at Economy Prices BEEN Vision GEN lt I gt CAM GIG www S MA RT E Kvi S i on com SMARTEK d o o 2014 information is subject to change without prior notice Version 2 1 1 from 2014 09 15 Wsmartek vision For customers in the U S A The equipment provided in an enclosure housing has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Mod
80. SESESEESEN 5 1 4 Supported Third Party Software oaaae lle 6 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 7 2 1 Mechanical and Electrical Specifications lll 8 2 1 1 Giganetix with Standard Housing GC Series 02 204 8 2 1 2 Giganetix with 90 Angled Housing GC S90 Series 00 10 2 1 3 Giganetix Board Level GC BL Series eee 12 2 1 4 Giganetix Plus Camera with Standard Housing GCP Series 17 2 2 Sensor Information and Technical Specification All Models Separate 19 2 2 1 QGC1281M aaa lll ee 19 Cee E ODIO uus sex xXEEEXEEGXEXAEEEXEGEXG XE XX E X NW X WE WX 21 2 2 3 GC2591M GC2591C 2222 ll ln 22 2 2 4 GC3851M GC3851C 222222 lll lll anl 24 C2 GOI GOOG 4 4 6 664666666665466684668466644666546466654 26 2 2 6 GC652M GC652C 24 lll salsas san 28 2 2 7 GC653M GC653C ls sss sns 30 2 2 8 GC781M GC781C llla ssa n 32 2 2 9 GC1031M GC1031 0 a lll ee 34 2 2 10 GC1291M GC12910 a lle 36 2 2 11 GC1391M GC13910 22222 lel 38 2 2 12 GC1392M GC13920 ee 40 Ce No GC 5M GCI IO sss 9 c 2 32999999 99 99594594959549951345 42 2 2 14 GC2441M GC2441C 22 ellas 44 22 19 GG1021M7 GICTO2 TG gt s aea aote d oai i cde i e ae al fae de dia ade doa odo e odes 46 ec lO OGISOIM QU IDIO 2 99 919599 9599 9999999999 9993 9953 55 48 2 2 17 G
81. SSMSGBOXES NORESTART P LYPESUminima l There are three types of installations that can be performed 1 TYPE minimal minimal installation binaries only 2 TYPE compact compact installation binaries headers docs and samples 3 TYPE full full installation binaries headers docs samples and sources T SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 4 Manual Filter Driver installation Uninstallation If the SMARTEK Vision GigEVision Filter Driver needs to be installed manually it can be installed independently of the GigEVisionSDK by executing a batch script bat located in the SDK s installation directory after successfully installing the GigEVisionSDK This is for example the case if the first instance of the GigEVisionClient starts without the filter driver Showing the message in Figure 62 Additionally a warning message in the top bar of GigEVisionClient is displayed Warning Smartek Filter Driver not loaded i GigEVisionClient warning i Smartek Filter Driver not loaded OK Figure 62 Warning Smartek Filter Driver not loaded The batch scripts can be found in a subfolder of the installation directory By default the GigEVisionSDK is installed into the following folder C Program Files SMARTEKvision GigEVisionSDK The driver specific files are located in the following subfolder drivers FilterDriver The driver is
82. Speed Battery Saver Locally Administered Address Figure 111 Network interface card advanced driver settings Flow Control 139 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 4 Digital Image and Pixel Formats This section describes pixel and image layouts supported by SMARTEK Vision digital cameras While a pixel format describes how a single pixel data is constructed the image layout represents how the data are ordered in the memory of the captured device It is identical for all cameras 5 4 1 Image Layout Figure 112 shows the image layout valid for all SMARTEK Vision digital cameras An image transmitted out of a camera is considered to be a two dimensional array of pixels The pixels are stored in subsequent addresses in the memory of the capture device usually a PC Each pixel depending on its format is either 8 bits or 16 bits wide It is described by two indices the first index indicates the row while the second index indicates the column where the pixel is located e P x y means the pixel located at row x and at column y e P 1 1 means the pixel located at row 1 and at column 1 e P 1 2 means the pixel located at row 1 and at column 2 An image with a width of w and a height of h starts at the upper left corner and ends at the bottom right corner P 1 1 is the first pixel of the image P h w is the last pixel of the image column MA
83. Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 1 0 o 0 9 2 0 8 9 07 0 6 9 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm Figure 51 Relative response of GCP4241 Monochrome from sensor datasheet Relative response 400 500 600 700 Wavelength nm Figure 52 Relative response of GCP4241 Color from sensor datasheet 61 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 3 Physical Interfaces All cameras are equipped with two physical interfaces a circular Hirose jack providing the camera s power and digital IO lines and a RJ45 jack for 100 1000Mbit s Ethernet communication Figure 53 shows the general connecting scheme Giganetix camera Ethernet cable GigE NIC 12V DC POWER Power and I O receptacle TRIGGER INPUT 2x DIGITAL OUTPUT 2x Figure 53 Connecting scheme 2 3 1 Ethernet Interface The Ethernet Interface provides configuration access to the camera and is also used for image data transmission The connector is a standardize RJ45 jack assigned like shown in Table 30 below Ethernet Connector Type RJ45 Ethernet 1000BaseT 802 3 compliant Pin no Signal 9 Description 1 BI DA Bi directional pair A 2 BI DA Bi directional pair A 3 BI DB Bi directional pair B 4 BI DC Bi directional pair
84. XML Control Figure 73 API Settings Additionally the Device tab of the API Settings dialog provides access to the packet statistics on device side 88 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 6 4 Chunk Data Control To access chunk data control in GigEVisionClient visibility must be set to Expert Controls are located at 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library bottom of Device Properties window Figure 74 shows chunk data control ChunkDataContral ChunkModeActive ChunkSelector ChunkEnable Not available Mot available E chunkCounterSeleckor ChunkCountervalue BA Pe ChunkPixelFormat Mot available ChunkDatacantral ChunkMadeActive ChunkSelector ChunkEnable Ee ChunkCounterSelector ChunkCounteryalie i EhunkPixelFormat LinePitch Ain ExposureTime Countervalue Mot available Not available Mot ayailable Chunkwidth Not available Chunkwidth H ChunkHeiaht Not available ChunkHeiaht ChunkOfFseEx Mot available ChunkOfFseEx j ChunkOfFset Mot available ChunkoffFsetY H ChunkLinePitch Nat available H ChunkLinePitch d hunkiain ot available d hunkiain 7 ChunkExposureTime Not available i7 ChunkExposureTime
85. about tReadrow to the prior line as well Beside some internal timing parameters and the read out frequency treadrow IS mainly affected by the image width The total time for frame read out tprameReadout Can be calculated by multiplying tReadRow with the total count of lines in the frame lExpasure tErameReadout tread Row Le o tread Row Frame LJ Exposure Readout Figure 88 Electronic Rolling Shutter Frame Readout The duration of readout per frame can be calculated with the following formula by multiplying the time needed to read out each row with the total number of rows lErameReadout lReadRow X ImageHeight 1 03 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Table 41 shows the read out time treadrow for the default image width of each CMOS model Model tReadRow GC1281 31 75us GC2041 53 31us GC2591 36 38us GC3851 23 09us Table 41 Read out time treadRow per line for CMOS Sensors ERS Due to the fact that the exposure duration of each line is shifted each of them catches a different moment of the scene what leads to unwanted effects especially in moving scenes This effects can be reduced or completely removed in many cases by creating a controlled illumination situation Eliminating Rolling Shutter Effects In many cases a strobe illumination or mechanical shutter can help to remove the rolling shutter effect in moving scenes by putting light onto the se
86. ackets from a block of the image to be accepted Table 63 Packet Resend Parameters 2 2 In healthy networks it is not necessary to recover more than a small number of packets per hundreds of transmitted images Should the amount of packet resends rise to i Note a unnatural height check the correctness of the physical network setup cabling switches and the network optimization settings located in chapter 5 5 Network Interface Optimization 1 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet Example 1 Figure 101 illustrates the packet resend mechanism with the following assumptions e Packet 1007 is missing within the stream of packets and has not been recovered e MaxResendPacketRetry parameter is set to 2 1 2 4 6 8 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 pa pa gt Eug 3 5 7 Figure 101 Packet Resend example when MaxResendPacketRetry value has exceeded Corresponding to Figure 101 the workflow of the Packet Resent mechanism would look like described below 1 Stream of packets Gray indicates packets that have been checked by the driver white packets have not yet been checked 2 As packet 1008 is received packet 1007 is detected as missing 3 Interval defined by the PacketResendTimeout parameter 4 The PacketResendTimeout is expi
87. age Data Figure 80 Camera Architecture Scheme Like shown in Figure 80 the image data chain orange starts with the Image Sensor converting incoming light to electrical load On usual area image sensors over a million pixels are arranged in a two dimensional array on which the light of a scene is projected through a lens Each pixel captures the photons of the light at a different point of the scene making it possible to detect the whole scene within a defined grid Hitting the sensor s active pixel array photons generate electrons which in turn create an electrical load in each pixel defining the intensity of each The amount of electrical load depends on the strength of the light and the time frame for which the pixels are exposed to light the so called Exposure or Integration Time 93 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Before the load of each pixel can be digitized it needs to be amplified by a Variable Gain Control VGC circuit according to the input characteristics of the Analog to Digital Converter ADC The amplification factor of this component can be controlled via the Analog Gain through the camera control interface By default the signal is amplified as strong as just needed to completely drive the ADC when the pixels reach their full well capacity Higher gain values will result in a cut off signal at high signal levels lower gain values will not amplify the signal enou
88. age type supported are shown in Table 80 For a detailed description on how to use the look up table feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome J V Raw Bayer vd V Color RGB V V Table 80 Look up table supported bit depth and image types 1 62 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision Look up table in GigEVisionClient 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK The GigEVisionClient provides the user the ability to load a pre defined look up table in form of an XML file into the application XML examples for look up tables are located in the GigE VisionSDK installation folder GIGE_VISION_SDK_PATH GenlCam_v2_4 xml custom lt xml versionz 1 0 encod ng UTF 8 2 gt values color channel Red gt LUT index 0 value 230 gt LUT index 1 value 57 gt lt LUT index 2 value 28 gt LUT index 254 value 72 gt LUT index 255 value 67 lt color gt color channel Green gt lt LUT index 0 value 208 gt lt LUT index 1 value 96 gt lt LUT index 2 value 253 gt lt LUT index 254 value 231 gt lt LUT indexz 255 value 42 gt lt color gt color channel Blue gt lt LUT index 0 value 206 gt lt LUT index 1 value 74 gt lt LUT indexz 2 valuez 146 LUT
89. ageProcAPI provides the programming interface to apply digital gain to images The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 82 For a detailed description on how to use the digital gain feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigE VisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome i V Raw Bayer d V Color RGB vA V Table 82 Digital Gain supported bit depth and image type 166 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Digital Gain in the GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient the Digital Gain can be accessed in the Image Processing Properties panel under Color Mono shown in Figure 132 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control Image Processing Properties amp GigEVisionClient GCP1941C 6C D1 46 00 01 6D 192 168 0134 File View Control Displays Help AW Find Devices 8 amp Set Ip To Device WP Connect Device e Jr en Start j Parameters BEBO Visib ty Property Average Gamma Gain Offset Red 73 1 00 BN o0 Bl Green 66 1 00 Bi 0 00 MJ Bue s 108 0 00 BB Inverse Gamma Load Values Save Values Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 149 53 Pixel Value RGB Cursor
90. al coating Due to the coating they are at no time exposed to light and are taken as reference value for the dark current The Optical Black Clamping OBC circuit shown in Figure 92 ascertains the average digital value of the dark pixels and subtracts it from an offset named as clamp level The overall value usually negative is then added to the amplified signal i o U dark Uobe Uamp ur ClampLevel ed The clamp level can be accessed by the BlackLevel property of the camera It provides percentage access to the value range of the clamp level register of the analog frontend CCD or the sensor CMOS and is by default set to 0 It can be used to reduce the amount of Dark Noise subtracted from the signal or to add a user defined offset to the signal The available clamp level ranges are shown in Table 46 Camera Type Clamp Level in DN BlackLevel in of Clamp Level All Models CCD Sensors 0 to 1023 0 to 100 All Models CMOS Sensors 255 to 256 O to 100 Table 46 Range Overview of Clamp Level for CCD and CMOS Cameras SMARTEK Vision digital cameras based on CCD technology can only apply Analog Gain and BlackLevel values to all channels per tap at one time Individual Note gain settings digital can be achieved by software using the ImageProcAPI in the GigEVisionSDK 1 1 0 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 3 3 Automatic Tap Balancing Various models of the Gig
91. al output line manually The value of this property can be accessed after selecting the appropriate value by the UserOutputSelector according to Table 59 Value Type Description UserOutputSelector Enumeration Select between UserOutput1 and UserOutput2 UserOutputValue Boolean Value of the selected UserOutput Table 59 User Outputs 1 23 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 4 6 3 List of Supported Features Series Interface On Camera Features Continuous Streaming free run Triggered Operation single multi frame Exposure Control Frame Rate Control Partial Scan ROI AOI WOI Binning Reverse X Horizontal Mirroring Reverse Y Vertical Mirroring Analog Gain Control Analog Black Level Control Online Tap Balancing Factory Tap Calibration Digital Shift Chunk Data Software Trigger External Trigger Line Line Debouncer Trigger Line Input Delay Trigger Acquisition Exposure Frame Active Output Acquisition Frame Trigger Wait Output User Defined Outputs Configuration Storing User Sets IP Configuration LLA DHCP Persistent Jumbo Frame Size in Bytes Inter Packet Delay Time Stamps 4 Image Acquisition Giganetix GGZ VISION GC GC S90 GC BL e e e e e E e e e e e e e e e e e e O e O O e O e e o 9 e e e e e O O O O O O O O e e e e e e e e e e e o e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e 4000 4000 4000 e e e e e e Supported only i
92. amma value can be applied using the ImageProcAPI The term Gamma Correction will be used throughout this document and depends on the context it can be understood as either Gamma Correction or Gamma Adjustment Gamma Correction Workflow The workflow of correcting gamma is illustrated in Figure 138 First an image of a known and calibrated object like a Color Checker chart will be captured Based on this the gamma of the sensor can be determined a sample of a sensor gamma curve is shown in the first block of Figure 138 from left to right After applying the Gamma Correction value the brightness levels should match the values known from the calibration chart and represent a Gamma of 1 0 If it is intended to display the image to the human eye the gamma of the display device should be known Based on the device s gamma the Gamma Adjustment process could be started encoding linear luminance to match the non linear characteristics of the display device a common display gamma value is 2 2 After gamma adjustment the displayed image appears luminance correct on the display device Gamma Gamma Adjustment Correction Sensor Gamma Gamma 1 0 Adjusted Gamma Display Gamma Gamma 1 0 Figure 138 Gamma correction workflow 1 13 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Gamma curves are defined by the following formula where x is the percentage input luminance y the percentage output
93. amp GigEVisionClient GCP2751M 6C D1 46 00 01 47 169 Ele View Control Displays Help w I PBD AA Devices eX x GCP2751M _6C D 1 46 169 254 187 190 Figure 66 Set lp To Device icon A new window will open showing an access mask to the IP address subnet mask and gateway configuration of the chosen camera Make sure that the target IP address is not applied to another device in the network HB Set Devicelp Address 0 Ip Configuration Xx LLA X DHCP Permanent Ip Address Ip Address 192 168 1__ 21_ Subnet Mask 255 255 255 255 Gateway 192 168 1 2 ox cancel Figure 67 Set Ip To Device dialog After fixing a valid IP address configuration to the camera the warning symbol next to the camera model name will change like shown in Figure 68 the Connect Device icon can now be used to connect to the selected camera X amp GigEVisionClient GCP2751M 6C D1 46 00 01 47 169 Ele View Control Displays Help 0 emm Lh Jc e ew PB ae Devices gt lt IP Address e j i ONSE 6C D1 46 169 254 187 190 lt Figure 68 Connect Device icon 83 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 2 3 Device Properties The Device Properties dialog contains all information and settings of the chosen camera provided by the camera s GenlCam file General informations about the camera selected f
94. anetix Camera Models Smartek d o o Bana Josipa Jelacica 22c HR 40000 akovec Croatia Digital Gigabit Ethernet Camera Giganetix Standard Giganetix S90 Version Giganetix Plus GC1281M GC2041C GC2591M GC2591C GC3851M GC3851C GC651M GC651C GC652M GC652C GC653M GC653C GC781M GC781C GC1031M GC1031C GC1391M GC1391C GC1392M GC1392C GC1621M GC1621C GC2441M GC2441C GC1021M GC1021C GC1291M GC1291C GC1601M GC1601C GC1921M GC1921C GCP1931M GCP1931C GCP1941M GCP1941C GCP2751M GCP2751C GCP3381M GCP3381C GCP4241M GCP4241C This equipment is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of the following RoHS Directive 2002 95 CE Dene Ur Damir Dolar Dipl Ing Hardware Engineer Smartek d o o 15 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library The SMARTEK Vision GigEVisionSDK provides a set of tools guides and samples useful for the configuration and image acquisition from GigE Vision cameras as well as the integration into own software applications The GigEVisionSDK library consists of 4 basic parts e Smartek Filter Driver SMARTEK Vision provides its own filter driver to ensure optimal performance of the digital camera This driver is compliant to the GigE Vision standard It separates incoming packets containing image data from other traffic on the network optimizing the
95. anetix series are equipped with dual tap CCD sensors Like described in 4 1 2 Multi Tap CCD Sensor Readout it is necessary to match the signal levels of all taps to receive a uniform overall image Cameras of the Giganetix series GC GC S90 GC BL therefore provide an Automatic Tap Balancing mechanism which by default continuously adjusts the gain and black level of each tap The Automatic Tap Balance algorithm calculates the mean value of every n th pixel residing along both sides of each tap border Figure 94 shows this exemplarily on the basis of a 2 tap image where relevant pixels at a TbpVerticalStep of 5 are tagged in green Tap Border Ex Es en EET RN EXER ER E T EE EI ER ELTE RET RE CELER DRE PE RR EE EE DRE D RR ERG ER ERE ES ORE REOS PEE EEE EEE EEEEEREREREEE N HeBeRcbSEBEERAEE EHEHEHJEREE ght Tap JQ Hu HE H B EB EST ff m a FH EE r H H FE S ERE RR B ES BE RE E REN f Dee Ie ee T B m B NM r l Adjacent Pixels Figure 94 2 Tap Sensor Unbalanced Image left and Schematic of Adjacent Pixels The algorithm takes into account only pixels where the difference between adjacent pixels on different taps is less than TbpPixelDiff Treshold The resulting values on both taps are averaged over a count of frames defined in TbpFramesToAvg and compared if the difference between the taps is larger than Tb
96. anodized aluminum housing Internal image buffer for retransmission and reliability packet resend mechanism Standard C Mount lens adapter 90 angled and board level versions Excellent thermal linkage between sensor and housing Horizontal and vertical binning Opto isolated inputs and outputs Very competitive price to performance ratio Firmware update via SDK over Ethernet Rubber sealed image sensor space Industrial connectors EIAJ Hirose 12 pin and screw mount RJ45 model specific feature Table 1 Key Benefits and Features SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qomanrtek vision 1 Description of Product Family 1 1 Precautions Due to the ultra small compact housing of the camera it has a tendency to develop a high temperature To maintain an optimal working temperature mount the camera on a metal surface Do not attempt to disassemble this camera there are sensitive optical parts inside Tampering with it could lead to permanent damage Do not expose this camera to rain or moisture This device is not intended to work under wet conditions Do not face this camera towards the sun extremely bright light or light reflecting objects Even when the camera is not in use put the supplied lens cap on the lens mount to prevent damage to the sensor Handle this camera with the maximum care Do not throw the device there are fragile glass parts inside Operate this cameras only with the type
97. arameters Device Info Registers Visibility Guru M Refresh a DeviceControl E ImageFormatControl AcquisitionControl Aco uisitionMode AcquisitionStart gt Use Start Stop AcquisitionStop gt Use Start Stop AcquisitionFrame 1 AcquisitionFrame 0 00 AcquisitionFrame 0 00 AcquisitionStatus AcquisitionActive Acquisitionst False TriggerSselector AcquisitionStart TriggerMode Off a TriggerSoftware Not available T Figure 70 Device Properties Starting a continuous stream A running acquisition can be quit by pressing the Stop button Multiple acquisitions can be started in parallel by choosing further cameras the output of the currently selected device is shown in the Image Display window 85 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 2 4 Multiple Devices Multiple Views The GigEVisionClient supports the operation of multiple devices that are detected and connected to the network in parallel The video stream of each device can be displayed in separated floating windows or grouped together in a Preview dialog Figure 71 demonstrates these possibilities with two connected cameras On the right the Preview dialog contains the video streams of the two cameras This dialog can be enabled through Control gt Preview in the menu bar The floating displays are accessible through the menu Displays in the me
98. art _ API Settings Parameters BSR e ah a rs Histo Visib ity Gun Histogram J Li Log Finsaen Update checke Tiu na Property DeviceControl DeviceVendor ellodelM hulan cf Reset gd m oa LE oM Green 66 L00 J 1 00 J oo a E GoM Om Com Load Values Save Values Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15 FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 47 764 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 83 83 78 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 121 Average value calculation in GigEVisionClient for White Balancing algorithm 1 58 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 Image Processing Algorithms 6 2 1 Luminance Look Up Table LUT In image processing a Look Up Table or LUT is used to transform input pixel values into desired output pixel values by using mapping operations Essentially a luminance look up table is a list with 2 entries where n is the bit depth of the input image Each entry in the table has an index and represents an output luminance value The indices are unique and numbered continuously from 0 to 2 Figure 122 shows an example of an 8 bit look up table Lookup table index value Figure 122 8 bit look up table The index represents the luminance of a pixel in the image which is exchanged by the value e When an input pixel value has a value of 1 this value will be used as the index
99. ave smaller impact on the final result when tap difference is compared to the threshold On the other hand increasing the number of frames used for averaging increases the delay or reaction time between detecting the difference between taps and adjusting it The operation of the automatic tab balancing algorithm can be controlled via the property GainAutoBalance adjusting the gain and BlackLevelAutoBalance adjusting the Black Level of the camera Both have three operation modes listed it Table 48 Value Description Off Tap balancing is disabled taps can be balanced manually via the gain and black level properties after choosing the target tap Once Balancing of taps is done once until both taps are matched the algorithm is then set to Off Continuous Tap balancing algorithm is running continuously default Table 48 Parameters for GainAutoBalance and BlackLevelAutoBalance 112 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qomantek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 3 4 Digital Shift The DigitalShift property is part of the camera s analog controls and allows a data selection from the full bit depth of the sensor 14 Bit to 8 Bit As shown in Figure 95 all cameras by default use the 8 Most Significant Bits MSB of the 14 Bit Analog to Digital Converter ADC to create 8 Bit pixels the Least Significant Bits LSB are cut off Analog to Digital Converter Output Bits 0 13 END S Output
100. being installed by executing GigEVDrvinstall bat uninstalled by executing GigEVDrvUninstall bat 18 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 5 User Buffer By default memory for camera raw images is allocated by driver in kernel space User application can provide own allocated memory to be used instead User buffer example can be found in the API documentation located in the GigEVisionSDK installation folder 79 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 GigEVisionClient The GigEVisionClient is a Qt based open source application installed along with the GigEVisionSDK It utilizes and demonstrates the major function set available by the API in an intuitive graphical user interface and is capable of acquiring and controlling single or multiple GigE Vision compliant cameras After the installation of the GigEVisionSDK the GigEVisionClient can be started by the appropriate shortcut in the Microsoft Windows Start menu All Programs SMARTEK Vision The binaries can be found within the installation directory usually located at C Program Files SMARTEKvision GigEVisionSDK bin The source code is located at C Program FilesNSMARTEKvisionNGigEVisionSDKNsrcNGigEVisionClient 3 6 1 Graphical User Interface GUI Figure 63 shows the default GUI elements of the GigEVisionClient e Menu bar always on top o
101. cket Resent statistic parameters 130 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 1 1 2 Device Packet Statistics 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet The Packet Resent statistics of the device camera can be accessed by the parameters described in Table 65 Parameter Type Description ResetAll CMD MissingPackets Integer PacketResendsAmount Integer LostPackets Integer Lostlmages Integer IgnoredPackets Integer Incompletelmages Integer Hesets all current statistics Count of missing packets Count of resend requests Count of packets that were declared as lost Count of images that were declared as lost Count of packets that are ignored usually packets that are already analyzed or packets that do not belong to this stream Count of processed incomplete images Table 65 Packet Resent statistic parameters 131 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 1 2 Inter Packet Delay The Inter Packet Delay is usually applied when multiple cameras are connected to one PC over one and the same Network Interface Card NIC It enables the user to create a pause between each pair of packets which reduces the amount of effective load and creates timeslots for packets from other devices on the connection Packets sending flow Packets receiving flow Camera 1 Packet
102. clusion However there may be unintentional and occasional errors for which we apologize SMARTEK d o o makes no representations warranties or assurances of any kind as to the accuracy currency or completeness of the information provided SMARTEK d o o shall not be liable of any damages or injury resulting from your reliance on any information provided in this document Copyright All texts pictures and graphics and intellectual property in this document are protected by copyright Reproduction of part or all of the content for trade or transfer purposes is prohibited None of the content of this document may be copied or otherwise incorporated into or stored in any other website electronic retrieval system publication or other work in any form whether hard copy electronic or other For the avoidance of doubt framing of this document or any part of it is not permitted without express permission WWW S MA RT E Kvis i on com SMARTEK d o o 2014 information is subject to change without prior notice Version 2 1 1 from 2014 09 15 Qsmartek vision Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Description of Product Family 1 Jel Precautions zx R34 m9 m9R RLRRRRRERRELRES LYLESEREEEEEEE 2 1 2 Supported Industry Standards 2 22r 3 1 21 SIGE VISIO 3 2 paaa eee ded 3 22 GenlGomM RALAR RANEREN EEA ANNARRA 4 1 2 3 C Mount aaa aaa a llle lese sss sas s a sos a nns 5 1 33 EMI and ESD Consideration lt sess 0 0 0 00 essa ESs
103. dard The following section describes features of the data interface of the Giganetix series as well as the SMARTEK Vision GigEVision Filter Driver Further several optimization settings of the network driver are introduced and the pixel structure of the image data is elaborated 5 1 Smartek GigE Vision Filter Driver Ethernet packets can come from various sources and do not have to be in order This makes it necessary that each data segment is usually routed through the whole network stack of the operating system until it is delivered to the target application The CPU load can especially at high data rates be significantly affected by this process as well as the latency of the image stream The UDP protocol used for the transmission with low latencies is furthermore not able by default to handle packet loss packet collisions lead inevitably to a loss of image data To optimize the data transmission and add features like an optimized packet resend mechanism SMARTEK Vision provides its own GigE Vision filter driver The filter driver separates streaming video packets from the rest of network data already before the network stack of the operating system gets access to them and forwards them directly to the application It is designed to be compatible with the most network adapter cards and significantly lowers the CPU load needed to service the network traffic between the PC and the camera s 5 1 1 UDP Packet Resend Mechanism The Packet Resend
104. de de 2 of i ol ode 2om 4 index value value o a T T T T T T T T 0 l l o 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 index Figure 125 Inverting a monochrome image using look up table The last example demonstrates two implementations of contrast enhancement using a look up table applied to an 8 bit per channel color image In Figure 126 the first 45 pixel values have been set to 0 and pixel values in range from 173 to 255 have been set to 255 255 T T value Input Image 0 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 index Figure 126 Enhancing contrast of an image using look up table 1 61 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Figure 127 shows the same purpose by a complex function and illustrates that the implemented algorithms can be arbitrarily complex However the calculation for generating look up tables will be executed only once index value Input Image index 255 255 Output Image Figure 127 Example 2 of enhancing contrast of an image using look up table Look up table in GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for generating and modifying look up tables The bit depth and im
105. default an automatic online matching which is described with its i Note configuration parameters in chapter 4 3 3 Automatic Tap Balancing All cameras of the Giganetix Plus series GCP are factory calibrated in their specified temperature range configuration by the user is not necessary 97 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 1 3 CMOS Sensor Readout A CMOS sensor reads the accumulated charge of each cell in the image individually where it was already converted to a voltage There are several transistors at each pixel which do the conversion and make each pixel be addressable by the horizontal and vertical circuit using more traditional wires Because of the high demand for space by additional transistors on each pixel the light sensitivity of a CMOS chip tends to be lower as the photosensitive area shrinks with the amount of transistors Each pixel is read out and reset separately after each other On Global Shutter CMOS sensors the charge of each pixel is additionally buffered in a non photosensitive area of the pixel before while on Rolling Shutter sensors the charge is read out directly from the exposed pixel This postpones the moment of readout and thus shifts Electronic Rolling Shutter or extends Global Reset Release the duration of exposure from pixel to pixel and line to line Both architectures have their advantages and disadvantages while a Rolling Shutter has probl
106. ds and protect them against environmental influences like particles humidity liquids and radiation by an appropriate protective housing Avoid any mechanical forces like torsion tension and compression e g by mounting the boards or the cabling Make sure that no forces are induced to the connectors by using sufficient cable pull reliefs 14 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 3 2 Technical Drawings Sensor Head Dimensions C Mount LII P P pe b 0 45 0 14 1 38 Figure 7 Technical measures of board level sensor head all dimensions are in mm inch 1 5 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Mainboard Dimensions Ww Ampheno Figure 8 Technical measures of board level mainboard all dimensions are in mm inch 1 6 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 4 Giganetix Plus Camera with Standard Housing GCP Series The Giganetix Plus camera series is the enhanced version of the GC camera and allows with its extended hardware the integration of larger high end sensors with higher data rates Thanks to its well spaced hardware it supports features like the factory based tap calibration and allows the integration of further image processing features right
107. e 78 o9 USSIPBUNOT Ga 399 13 3 3 2 3 3 9 43 9 3129 299 1 3 52 39 23 299 2 82 G5 2 959328 5 79 3 6 GigEVisionClient sees sss ss 80 3 6 1 Graphical User Interface GUI lll 80 3 6 2 Acquire Images from Camera s 22e 82 25 3 JAPTISSNEUSJS IIO ws x 999 99999994 99499999 59 99 9 959 9 599 88 3 6 4 Chunk Data Control ellen 89 Soo HOO WAG Ss 9919 9 9999919 9919951291919 919149919141 99 9919191919999 91 3 6 6 Firmware Update 0 0 a 91 4 Image Acquisition 93 4 1 General Camera Architecture onoo oaa a a e a 2l ll n 93 4 1 1 CCD Sensor Readout 22e 95 4 1 2 Multi Tap CCD Sensor Readout lll 96 4 1 3 CMOS Sensor Readout a a len 98 4 1 4 CCD vs CMOS Sensor Performance lll 99 4 1 5 Color Imaging with Bayer Pattern ee 100 4 2 Shutter types and Frame Readout noaoae 102 4 2 1 Global Shutter Readout a 002 102 4 2 2 Electronic Rolling Shutter ERS Readout 2 2 22005 103 4 2 3 Global Reset Release GRR Readout lcs 105 4 3 Brightness and Sensor Signal Control 2 2 lll 106 4 3 1 Exposure Integration Time 2s 106 4 3 2 Analog Gain and Black Level 0 0 00000 ee a 108 4 3 3 Automatic Tap Balancing 0 0 0 2er 111 AoA DIESE 4444644466848 666848 6566548656548 656548 6565 oe 113 4 4 Area of Interest Control AOI
108. e acquisition of a count of images 1 1 5 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 5 1 Free Run Operation In Free Run mode the camera starts the acquisition of images as soon as the AcquisitionStart command was received by the device Images are streamed with a by parameters fixed frequency which by default corresponds to the maximum of the camera By the Acquisition Modes it is furthermore possible to define how many images are acquired and streamed after receiving the AcquisitionStart command until the acquisition is stopped again 4 5 1 1 Acquisition Modes The AcquisitionMode property controls the acquisition mode of the device It defines the number of frames captured during the acquisition and the way the acquisition stops It can take any of the values shown in Table 52 Value Description Continuous Frames are captured continuously until stopped by the AcquisitionStop command SingleFrame The camera captures only one frame and stops the acquisition MultiFrame The camera captures a specific number of frames set by the AcquisitionFrameCount property and stops the acquisition Table 52 AcquisitionMode values In order for the camera to run in free run in which the camera acquires and transfers images at maximum configured frame rate the TriggerMode properties for all TriggerSelector need to be set to Off 4 5 1 2 Acquisition Frame Rate The AcquisitionFrameRate property
109. e advanced driver settings of the NIC shown in Figure 110 On Microsoft Windows operating systems it can be accessed on the following way 1 Execute ncpa cpl e g via the command box of the Windows Startmenu or after pressing 7 Ron your keyboard 2 Right click the target network interface card and choose Properties 3 Press the Configure button below the name of the physical network interface shown in Figure 107 4 The settings of the driver can be accessed by choosing the Advanced tab of the opened window As shown in Figure 110 set the value of the Interrupt Moderation Rate property to Off or Disabled Intel R 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection Properties ed Driver Details Pawer Management The following properties are available for this network adapter Click the property you want to change on the left and then select its value on the right Property Value Adaptive Inter Frame Spacing og 1 v E Interrupt Moderation Rate IPv4 Checksum Offload Jumbo Packet Large Send Offload IPv4 Large Send Offload IPv amp Link Speed amp Duplex Link Speed Battery Saver Locally Administered Address Figure 110 Network interface card advanced driver settings Interrupt Moderation Rate 1 38 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 3 5 Disable the Flow Control To further optimize the latency of the data transmission shown
110. e image The y coordinates are in a range from O to image width x image height describing the total numbers of pixels for each pixel value found in the image Figure 118 illustrates a histogram of an 8 bit monochrome image 1 e The horizontal x axis of the graph 2 contains the intensity values with a range from 0 to 2 1 or 0 to 255 The vertical y axis shows the count of pixels with the corresponding intensity There are 5774 pixels that have the value 80 in the image 1 for example e While the graph 2 allows a quick visual interpretation of the distribution of pixels in the image the histogram table 3 gives more exact information about the count of specific intensities For the pixel value 80 there are exact 5774 pixels located in the image while other intensity levels are not even present like 1 and 2 DNE ee 0 1 53 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 HH 8000 7000 6000 Heas eaa 5000 4000 ENA SEE A SE n 3000 2000 1000 1 Pixel Count EN 0 AEN NEC NEC NN NN GNE 0 NEC Histogram table Pixel value 80 7000 6000 Number of pixels with value 80 5774 aiii 4000 3000 O O O fl 2000 1000 50 100 Figure 118 Source image with histogram graph and table Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Histogram calculation can be applied to monochromatic or RGB ima
111. ective FCC Part 15 Class A This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help Modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user s authority to operate the equipment under FCC rules Damir Dolar Dipl Ing Hardware Engineer Smartek d o o 74 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek 2 4 3 RoHS Manufacturer Product Type Family Type of Equipment vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Gig
112. ek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 2 Giganetix with 90 Angled Housing GC S90 Series The 90 angled version of the Giganetix camera series is identical to the standard GC camera fitted into a different form factor to enhance its flexibility It aims on very build up applications and all such with limited Space in sensor axis Due to its non symmetrical housing the GC S90 series supports image mirroring to reverse the image about its X and Y Axis to allow a most possible flexibility in positioning Figure 3 Giganetix Camera with 90 angled housing External dimensions 1 38 x 1 38 x 2 95 in Housing Black anodized aluminum case with 90 angled sensor and lens mount Weight Approx 120g approx 4 20Z Storage temperature 30 C to 60 C 22 F to 140 F Operating temperature 0 C to 50 C 32 F to 122 F Operating humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Storage humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Power requirement 10V to 24V DC via Power and l O interface Lens mount C Mount Connectors ocrew mount Ethernet RJ45 Communication and Data Circular Hirose 12 pin Power and l O Interface Digital input 2 input channels opto isolated Digital output 2 output channels opto isolated Conformity CE FCC RoHS GigE Vision GenlCam measured at camera housing Table 5 Mechanical and electrical specifications 1 0 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2
113. ek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 11 GC1391M GC1391C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Sony ICX267 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1392x1040 1384x1038 1392x1040 Optical size 1 2 Pixel size in um 4 65 x 4 65 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 20 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 5W 2 5W 2 5W Power consumption PoE 3 2W Not supported 3 2W Table 18 Model specific specification of GC 1391 38 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 29 Relative response of GC 1391 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 30 Relative response of GC1391 Color from sensor datasheet 39 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2
114. ems in motion scenes due to the fact that the lower lines of the images are later exposed than the top ones Global Shutter sensors show up additional noise and lower sensitivity due to their higher amount of transistors per pixel In case of a Rolling Shutter the mentioned effect can be removed by using strong synchronized strobe illuminations or a mechanical shutter Camera Frontend Clock amp Timing Generation Oscillator o0 fe D e 5 d O 3 i9 pem QD ep m O Y Y pie aa aa Column Amps FPGA Horizontal Scan Circuit LI Light sensitive pixel LL Pixel to be transferred Figure 84 Giganetix Frontend with CMOS Active Pixel Sensor with integrated Gain and ADC As shown in Figure 84 on CMOS image sensors the image data is already amplified in the sensors Column Amps and digitized by the ADC before leaving the image sensor Depending on the sensor type also additional processing can already take place within the sensor The output of the CMOS image sensors used is a digital signal which can directly be forwarded to the camera s FPGA The electronics in the camera s frontend are mainly dedicated to provide clean and separated supply powers for the sensor and its periphery and route the sensor control bus I C 98 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 1 4 CCD vs CMOS Sensor Performance Both CCD and CMOS technologies use the same principle
115. enlCam PoE IEEE802 3af measured at the direct board environment Table 6 Mechanical and electrical specifications 1 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Equal to the GCP series the board level version is equipped with the latest version of the camera s power supply and supports Power over Ethernet Due to the large dimensioned components also sensors with an increased power consumption like multi tap CCDs are supported z gt z e Ex Figure 6 GC BL Sensor head FPC cable and mainboard from left to right on www SMARTEKvision com downloads php after reading the following safety For assembling instructions please refer to the GC BL Assemble Guide available instructions carefully 2 1 3 1 Further Precautions for Board Level Cameras Before the first operation of a Giganetix Board Level camera please read the following safety instructions and cautions carefully Abuse and misapplication may lead to limited or canceled warranty ESD Cautions All boards of the camera are sensitive to electrostatic discharge Handle all components of the camera only in static save areas and make sure that no electrostatic loads from your body are discharged to any of the boards e Discharge yourself on a grounded body before touching e Work in a static safe work area on an antistatic mat e Wear an antistatic wrist strap the w
116. ental operation in image processing and serves as a basis calculation for algorithms like auto exposure and auto white balancing Average Luminance Calculation in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface to generate average luminance data of an image The bit depth and image type supported are shown in Table 79 For a detailed description on how to use the average value calculation feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome J V Raw Bayer d V Color RGB J v Table 79 Average luminance calculation supported bit depth and image types 157 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Average Luminance in the GigEVisionClient Calculated average value s of the image channel s can be found in the Image Processing Properties under Color Mono shown in Figure 121 If not visible it can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties aT 1A GigfvsionClent GCPISILC 6CDI4600016D 1921680134 File View Cemtrol Displays Help a B Set Ip To Device i d Connect Device Mode Qi Disconnect Device ccr CPI ccs Preview lal Devices 3 Device Properties ia C Device Property Info st
117. er consumption PoE 5 6W Table 28 Model specific specification of GCP3381 58 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 1 0 0 9 0 8 o 0 7 0 6 0 5 9 0 4 ponse lative re R 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm Figure 49 Relative response of GCP3381 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 1 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 500 600 700 Relative response Wavelength nm Figure 50 Relative response of GCP3381 Color from sensor datasheet 59 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 22 GCP4244M GCP4241C GCP Image Sensor Sony ICX834 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type 4 Tap CCD Sensor resolution H x W 4240 x 2824 Optical size ili Pixel size in um 3 1 x 3 1 Analog gain in dB 12 to 24 Shutter Global Shutter Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8 16Bit in Hz 9 4 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 4 7W Power consumption PoE 5 8W Table 29 Model specific specification of GCP4241 60 SMARTEK
118. f CCD and CMOS sensors fitted into several different camera designs The following chapter contains the hardware specification of the single camera series and their different models including technical drawings Table 3 gives a brief overview about the unique characteristics of each series Type Short Description GC standard housing Standard Giganetix Camera GC S90 angled 90 housing Standard Giganetix Camera with 90 angled housing For applications with very limited space in optical axis and other mechanical restrictions making the standard housing unsuitable GC BL board level 90 Board level version of the standard Giganetix Camera with a single mainboard and detached sensor head Suitable for OEM and special solutions where a camera needs to be integrated into a closed device and or a housed camera does not fit into the design GCP standard housing Enhanced version of the Giganetix Camera in an adapted mechanical design providing a set of high end sensors and increased hardware capabilities as well as Power over Ethernet by default Table 3 Giganetix Family Camera Lines T SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 Mechanical and Electrical Specifications 2 1 1 Giganetix with Standard Housing GC Series The Giganetix camera series with standard housing represents the regular camera design for the GC series with the main focus on a small fo
119. f interest configuration pixel format state of O pins and user defined data Each chunk can be individually enabled or disabled For example if frame counter chunk is enabled after each captured image the camera checks the frame counter register and sends its value together with the image as frame counter chunk Chunks are together with captured image fitted into tagged blocks of data Each data block consists of a Data Leader Payload and Trailer The Data Leader is one packet that determines the beginning of a new data block The Data Payload are one or more packets containing the actual information to be streamed for the current data block The Data Trailer is one packet used to signal the end of the data block Chunk data is also included in the Data Payload Each chunk contains chunk data and the trailing tag The trailing tag contains a unique chunk identifier and the length of the chunk data The unique chunk identifier defines the structure of the chunk data and the chunk feature associated with this chunk Figure 117 shows the chunk data content length bytes chunk ID Figure 117 Chunk data content e data The data that the chunk is transporting This section must be a multiple of 4 bytes empty digits have to be padded with zeros This ensures the chunk ID and length fields are 32 bit aligned with chunk e chunk ID The chunk identifier 4 bytes e length The length of the data in bytes must be a multiple of 4 1
120. f the application It provides access to all functionalities available on the toolbar Also main dialogs within the GigEVisionClient can be switched on or off under the entry Control Several dialogs are disabled by default and can be activated manually Preview separate displays for each connected camera Device Property Info GenlCam attributes of the selected device property API Settings access to configuration settings of API and driver Histogram display a histogram for the currently selected device Log display the API log e Toolbar enables quick access to basic functions of the camera find connect disconnect IP setup image handling open save zoom etc GUI handling save GUI arrangement open reset GUI to default etc e Device list dialog lists all GigE Vision compliant devices found on the network and its connection status It further acts as the camera selector e Device properties dialog gives access to all features GenlCam supported by the device e Image Processing properties dialog gives access to the parameterizations settings of the image processing algorithms e Info bar displays information like image size frame rate data transfer rate cursor position and pixel value at cursor position e Image display window main window for displaying a single image or video stream 80 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Libra
121. gEVisionClient are dockable the user can set his own user interface as default or save it to a file so that his own GUI arrangement can be loaded to the GigEVisionClient installed on other machines The GUI save and reset features are accessed through the menu bar or the toolbar as shown in Figure 64 Note The Floating Display feature allows the user to arrange different image displaying windows for each camera s video stream on the screen 81 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 2 Acquire Images from Camera s In this section a step by step guide will be introduced showing how the user can start the image acquisition from a camera using the SMARTEK Vision GigEVisionClient 3 6 2 1 Device Enumeration After the GigEVisionClient is started it automatically searches for GigE Vision compliant devices connected to the network All found devices are listed in the device list dialog If the required camera is attached or powered up subsequent and is not shown in the list the user can manually update the list and search for devices To search for devices within the network s the computer is connected to click the Find Devices icon in the Toolbar shown in Figure 65 X amp GigEVisionClient File View Control Image Display Help OE p pg Bx Model MAC IP Address GC1621C S90 00 50 C2 70 8F 44 192 168 0 98 4 4 Figure 65 Find Devices icon
122. ge data The number of resulting histograms corresponds to the number of channels In the previous example there is only a single histogram for the monochrome image However on RGB color images are three histograms generated each represents a single color channel red green and blue illustrated in Figure 119 The application of histograms is varying on the basis of a histogram and depending on the scene the user can for example quickly determine whether the captured image is over under or normal exposed Figure 119 shows three color images with the corresponding histograms for each channel Without looking to the images the following information can be determined by the histogram e In the first row the population of the pixel values in each histogram is shifted to the right of the center brighter region it indicates an overexposed image e In the second row the three histograms are shifted to the left darker region it indicates an underexposed image e In the third and last row the three histograms show a centered uniform distribution of pixel intensities it indicates an optimal exposed image o LL LLUN 0 100 180 20 20 Histogram of Histogram of Histogram of Overexposed Image red channel green channel blue channel Histogram of Histogram of Histogram of Underexposed Image red channel green channel blue channel 1 54 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2
123. gh to ever reach a saturated digital image even if the sensor reached its saturation To improve the signal quality and remove a possible dark noise from the image which is e g created by thermal influence a so called BlackLevel value is globally subtracted from each pixel as well After the preparation the signal of each pixel is digitized by the analog to digital converter The bit depth of each digital pixel value is defined by the resolution of the ADC used typically in range from 8 to 16 bits All further image processing is done based on the digital signals and takes place in the camera s FPGA The external memory RAM connected to the FPGA is used to buffer the image data decoupling the data processing domain from the data transmission domain Ethernet In the last step of the image processing chain the final image data is passed to the Ethernet Controller Here the data is segmented into GigE Vision compliant Ethernet packets which are sent over the Ethernet physical interface to the network or capture devices 94 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 1 1 CCD Sensor Readout The Giganetix camera family is equipped with a selection of CCD sensors from Sony and Truesense Imaging Figure 81 broaches the Interline Transfer technology used in all of the equipped CCD sensors as well as the individual camera front end LLL JlJ J 1 L
124. he GenlCam Float property Gain in combination with the Enumeration property GainSelector The minimum and maximum gain values for each camera model is shown in 2 2 Sensor Information and Technical Specification All Models Separate and can be determined programmatically via the Devicelnterface of the gige API The following tables show important C API functions in context of the gain As several cameras provide multiple gain registers giving access to the gain of individual color channels or various taps the type of gain needs to be chosen first by the GainSelector property shown in Table 43 Function Description bool GetEnumNodeValue GainSelector double amp nodeValue const Get value of Enumeration node GainSelector bool SetEnumNodeValue Set value of Enumeration node GainSelector GainSelector double nodeValue bool GetEnumNodeValuesList n Get list of values for Enumeration node GainSelector StringList amp nodeValuesList const GainSelector Table 43 GainSelector Access through API The values for the Enumeration data type GainSelector can be found in Table 44 their availability depends on the camera architecture and can be requested from the camera as shown in Table 43 GainSelector Values Description All Tap1 Tap2 Tap3 Tap4 Global Gain All color channels individual per tap multi tap sensors Red Green Blue Individual Gain per Color Channel Table 44 GainSelector Values
125. hole time handling the camera boards e Do not hold any of the camera s components to you clothing 1 3 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models General Cautions The board level cameras are delivered without a housing and partly disassembled Handle all parts with care and do not touch the components or contacts on the boards hold all boards only by their edges The cable used to connect sensor head and mainboard is a Flat Printed Circuit FPC cable Due to the construction of cable and jack it is not build for re plugging or multiple bending cycles physical stress to cable or connector can lead to permanent damage Do not attempt to disassemble the lens mount or sensor head there are sensitive optical parts inside tampering can lead to permanent damage Building a case around the camera causes in a heat accumulation of the internal ambient temperature Make sure that the environmental temperature of the camera electronics does not exceed the specified maximum Environmental and Mechanical Cautions Due to the missing housing the camera is not certified to any EMC directives The customer needs to take care of fulfilling EMC regulations for his individual target application and for sufficiently shielding the camera against environmental radiation Avoid the contact of the of the camera s boards with any liquid or any impurities do only operate clean boar
126. if the network hardware supports Jumbo Frames Assuming that the GevSCPSPacketSize is 1500 bytes effective Ethernet packet size including inter frame gap preamble header and CRC on the wire is 1538 bytes maximum of 81274 packets are sent every second via the Ethernet interface The time required to transfer one packet is 12 3us The GevSCPD should be a bit longer than the time required to transfer one packet in order to ensure that packets from second camera will fit in the vacant time slot On the other hand if the camera is producing 60000 packets per second 50 frames per second 1200 packets per frame total transfer time must not exceed 16 67us if frame rate is to be preserved Example Three cameras are connected to one PC and are sending 1500 byte packets each GevSCPD should be such that packets from all three cameras are serialized to the PC s Network Interface Card Setting inter packet delay to 25us 12 3us 12 3us 25us will ensure that packets from other two cameras will fit in the gap between two consecutive packets Camera 1 Packet 3 Delay Packet 2 Arriving packet flow Camera 2 Delay Packet 2 Delay Packet Packet 1 Packet 1 Camera 3 Delay Macea Delay Figure 105 Packet flow example with three cameras and inter packet delay 1 33 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet
127. ifications not expressly approved in this manual could void the user s authority to operate the equipment under FCC rules For customers in Canada This apparatus complies with the Class A limits for radio noise emissions set out in the Radio Interference Regulations Pour utilisateurs au Canada Cet appareil est conforme aux normes classe A pour bruits radio lectriques sp cifi es dans le R glement sur le brouillage radio lectrique Life support applications These products are not designed for use in life support systems appliances or devices where mal function of the products can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury Customers Integrators and End Users using or selling these products for use in such applications do so at their own risk and agree to fully indemnify SMARTEK d o o for any damages resulting from any improper use or sale WWW S MA RT E Kvis i on com SMARTEK d o o 2014 information is subject to change without prior notice Version 2 1 1 from 2014 09 15 Qsmartek vision Trademarks All trademarks trade names and products represented in this document unless stated otherwise are brands protected internationally by law No use of these may be made without prior written authorization of SMARTEK d o o except to identify the products or services of the company Warranty SMARTEK d o o has made reasonable efforts to ensure that the information provided in this document is accurate at the time of in
128. in 5 3 4 Disable the Interrupt Moderation Rate it is possible to disable the so called Flow Control The Flow Control is a feature to adapt the transmission speed of the transmitter to the speed available at the receiver by sending PAUSE frames in between Not As deactivating this feature can cause in packet lost due to missing bandwidth it is ote generally not recommended to be disabled On Microsoft Windows operating systems the Flow Control can be accessed on the following way 1 Execute ncpa cpl e g via the command box of the Windows Startmenu or after pressing 7 4Ron your keyboard 2 Right click the target network interface card and choose Properties 3 Press the Configure button below the name of the physical network interface shown in Figure 107 4 The settings of the driver can be accessed by choosing the Advanced tab of the opened window As shown in Figure 111 set the value of the Interrupt Moderation Rate property to Disabled Intel R 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection Properties The following properties are available for this network adapter Click the property you want to change on the left and then select its value on the right Property Adaptive Inter Frame Spacing Enable PME Energy Efficient Ethemet Gigabit Master Slave Mode Interupt Moderation Interrupt Moderation Rate Pv4 Checksum Offload Jumbo Packet Large Send Offload IPv4 Large Send Offload IPv amp Link Speed amp Duplex Link
129. in the table The corresponding 8 bits output pixel value at index 1 will be 20 e When an input pixel value has a value of 3 this value will be used as the index in the table The corresponding 8 bits output pixel value at index 3 will be 33 e When an input pixel value has a value of 253 this value will be used as the index in the table The corresponding 8 bits output pixel value at index 253 will be 254 Look up tables are especially suited for point operations in image processing where output pixel values depend only on the corresponding input pixel values In the following a couple of application examples using look up tables are shown The first example shows a look up table where each output pixel value is mapped to its exactly corresponding input pixel value The look up table is a linear function f x x and its graph is a 45 straight line shown in Figure 123 Because of the one to one value mapping the output image is identical to the input image 1 59 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision C a a T T a a a O E O E E S E E B erectos Mc a tae eae M M dE ER EEE SEE E ped bed teu sd due E ee LIU I E 454 Se sic ttn E82 Poi acp eid thee enn o SNN o 135 zz E COMUNE ee ee ee E E S _ 405 Peete 4 re a eee ae es ee AE mL _ 60 H IN soli ne fons T T E SE ee ee tne eee T 4 80 fennel ie 126 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255
130. index 1 27 s 3 I 128 13 F 3 1 D j l 10 7 MI 1 I 7 11 253 Ley a 254 Al E J i i i i il l 255 01234567 8 9 101 12 13 14 15 l _ IURE a index value n eee ert erty eee cee See ee re eo eee ee ony ee ee 485 aye EE EE I tales eel edd OPENS oe nd teases a e dass EOE E EEE Sean ae Enact age O OEE G E tated tae 126 127 128 253 254 255 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 2 Input Image Output Image Figure 123 Linear transformation using 8 bit look up table The second example demonstrates a variant of gamma correction using a look up table By reference to the look up table and its corresponding graph in Figure 124 it is visible that a non linear transformation is applied to the input pixel values as Ty i he te hn Td 126 127 128 253 254 255 Vico el ea a uai ce MEX value 185 185 186 254 254 255 Output Image Figure 124 Gamma correction using look up table 160 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK The third example illustrated in Figure 125 shows the inverting of an 8 bit monochrome image by a LUT Every input gray level value is transformed into an output gray level value by the formula Valueout 2 Valuein 298 ON de vb cb bb
131. indexz 254 value 250 gt LUT index 255 value 182 gt lt color gt lt values gt lt xml versionz 1 0 encodi ng UTF 8 2 gt lt values gt color channel Greyscale gt lt LUT index 0 value 230 gt lt LUT index 1 value 57 gt lt LUT index 2 value 28 gt LUT index 254 valuez 72 LUT indexz 255 valuez 67 color values Figure 128 User defined XML file for 8 Bit RGB color left or monochrome right images Figure 128 shows an example of a properly formatted XML file which contains look up table parameters for 8 bit per channel color and monochrome images The first line indicates the root element values Element color with attribute channel indicates the channel for which the parameters will be set The Child element LUT with the attribute index indicates the index or input value the attribute value indicates the output value for the current index 1 63 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Figure 129 shows the look up table feature located in the LUT tab within the Image Processing Properties panel If not visible the Image Processing Properties panel can be activated by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties Property Te E E DeviceControl J F DeviceMadelN GCP1941C vt mE CCC ae Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquistion Display I5FPS 1SFPS
132. inear Interpolation High Quality Linear Interpolation and Pixel Group Interpolation Bilinear Interpolation The Bilinear Interpolation is a linear demosaicing method using a 3 by 3 filter for color interpolation For each pixel its 8 direct neighbors are considered to determine the 2 missing colors of this pixel by simple averaging The red value of a non red pixel is computed as the average of the two or four adjacent red pixels and similarly for blue and green The bilinear method has the lowest complexity as there are only a few calculations per pixel compared to the other algorithms It thus shows the lowest workload but is much more imprecise at e g structures and edges in the image Because of the small amount of calculations also the memory usage is negligible compared to HQ Linear Interpolation HQ Linear Interpolation The HQ Linear interpolation is a gradient corrected bilinear interpolated method using a 5x5 linear filter In contrast to the bilinear method the HQ Linear interpolation correlates different color channels to calculate the missing color value For example the red value of a non red pixel is computed as the average of the two or four adjacent red pixels depending on the amount of red pixels in the 5x5 neighborhood plus a correction value calculated from pixels of a different color channel 1 T1 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK In compari
133. interface on Microsoft Windows the availability of each feature and its limits can differ between hardware vendors and operating systems 5 3 1 Choosing the right Network Interface Card The first step is to choose the right network interface card NIC It is strongly recommended to use PCI Express based Gigabit Ethernet NICs supporting so called Jumbo Frames or Jumbo Packages NICs based on the old interface standard PCI do often not provide enough guaranteed bandwidth due to the limited and shared bandwidth of the PCI bus However the PCI Express bus provides guaranteed enough bandwidth for Gigabit Ethernet Jumbo frames reduce the overhead and workload on the target PC reducing the amount of packets to be processed by sending a smaller count of larger packets instead of a high count of small packets A good choice are NICs with the Intel Pro 1000 chipset like the Intel Pro 1000 CT Desktop single port or PT Server Adapter multiport N Jumbo packets frames need to be supported by the NIC as well as the whole network ote chain including all network switches passed on the route 5 3 2 Using Jumbo Frames Packets As soon as Jumbo Frames Packets are supported by the network infrastructure it has to be made sure that this feature is enabled on each involved device Devices like NICs have this feature usually disabled by default as well as some managed switches what makes it suggestive to throw a look into their configuration Network
134. is a feature which limits the frequency at which images are captured by the camera Using the AcquisitionFrameRate feature it is possible to decrease the number of frames the camera acquires and transmits in free run mode which consequently lowers the Ethernet bandwidth needed by the camera This feature is useful in situations where the Ethernet bandwidth is limited like in applications where several cameras acquire images using one single Gigabit Ethernet link Setting the AcquisitionFrameRate property to zero effectively disables the feature allowing the camera to acquire and transfer images at maximum frame rate 116 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 5 2 Triggered Operation The trigger operation mode enables the user to precisely synchronize the camera with a further device or software application The AcquisitionStart command sets the sensor in stand by waiting for a trigger signal In contrary to the free run mode the sensor is already initialized when a trigger initiates the integration which is thus started with a minimum of latency Similar to the free run mode also the trigger mode allows several kinds of operation The selection of a trigger mode is done with the TriggerSelector property Each trigger mode has its own parameters all of them can be active at the same time The camera is in trigger operation mode as soon as one of the modes selectable by the TriggerSe
135. itches that could trigger the camera but small enough to keep the delay as small as possible Amplitude Unfiltered arriving signals Ti ime Debouncer 1 Debouncer value Internal trigger signal t Delay Time Figure 100 Line debouncer function 122 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 6 2 Output Lines The physical output lines are usually used to synchronize the camera to external devices in situations where it makes sense that the camera is the master Usual use cases are for example the synchronization of external illuminations to the sensor exposure or to drive mechanical actuators by the software application A full list of possible events assignable by the LineSource property to each output line is shown in Table 58 Value Description UserOutput1 UserOutput2 oet to High Low by the software application with the UserOutputSelector UserOutputValue properties Acquisition TriggerWait High while the camera waits for a trigger for one or more frames AcquisitionActive High while camera acquires one or more frames Frame TriggerWait High while camera waits for frame trigger FrameActive High while camera captures a single frame Table 58 Trigger Sources While nearly all events available for the LineSource property are raised by the current acquisition state of the camera the UserOutput can be defined by the user and thus be used to set a physic
136. ith user defined matrix coefficients Save Values Save the current matrix coefficients to a file 1 81 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 8 GIMP HSL The GIMP HSL algorithm allows the color manipulation of images based on the HSL color space The used algorithm is provided by the open source project GIMP and allows the manipulation by the attributes Hue Saturation and Lightness When it comes to manipulating color in images it is often referred to color models or color spaces Basically a color model describes the way colors can be represented With understanding of how different color models work the appropriate color model for specific image processing algorithms can be chosen The most widely used and best known one is the RGB color model However RGB is not always efficient and intuitive in manipulating color A more suited color space for manipulating colors is the HSL color space It was developed to interpret colors in a very similar way as humans do wherefore color and brightness information are handled separately The color information is defined by Hue and Saturation the brightness information is defined by a Lightness value The HSL color model can be represented by a circle called a color wheel like shown in Figure 147 Red 0 Mw Magenta Yellow 300 60 Blue Green 240 120 Cyan 180 Figure 147 HSL color wheel Hue refers to a s
137. ization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 4 2W Power consumption PoE 5 6W Table 27 Model specific specification of GCP2751 56 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm Figure 47 Relative response of GCP2751 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 1 0 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 400 500 600 700 Wavelength nm Relative response Figure 48 Relative response of GCP2751 Color from sensor datasheet 57 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 21 GCP3381M GCP3381C GCP Image Sensor Sony ICX814 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type 4 Tap CCD Sensor resolution H x W 3376 x 2704 Optical size il Pixel size in um 3 69 x 3 69 Analog gain in dB 12 to 24 Shutter Global Shutter Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8 16Bit in Hz 12 5 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 4 4W Pow
138. kNode gt ChunkGain gt GetFloatNodeValue value ChunkExposureTime eat imagelnfo gt GetChunkNode gt ChunkExposureTime gt GetFloatNodeValue value ChunkCounterValue integer imagelnfo GietchunkNode ChunkCounterValue GetlntegerNodeValue value ChunkUserlntValue integer imagelnto GetChunkNode ChunkUserlntValue GetlntegerNodeValue value Table 76 Access to chunks through API 1 49 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 5 2 Additional chunks 5 5 2 1 ChunkGain Gain chunk contains the Gain value of the image that is included in same payload To enable Gain chunk e use ChunkSelector to select GainChunk e set ChunkEnable to true 5 5 2 2 ChunkExposureTime ExposureTime chunk contains Exposure Time of the image that is included in the same payload To enable Exposure Time chunk e use ChunkSelector to select Exposure TimeChunk e set ChunkEnable to true 5 5 2 3 ChunkCounterValue Counter chunk can display values from different counter sources as e g the FrameCounter FrameCounter is a 32 bit value which starts at 0 and increments by 1 for each acquired frame image The maximum value of FrameCounter is 4294967295 after which it will reset to O again and continue counting FrameCounter can be set to any positive value from which it will continue counting The following code shows how to set CounterValue device
139. l existing camera models including the respective response curves All respond curves have been extracted from the datasheet of the sensor manufacturer 2 2 1 GC1281M GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Aptina MT9MO01 Chromatics Monochrome Sensor type CMOS Sensor resolution H x W 1280 x 1024 Optical size 1 2 Pixel size in um 5 2 X 5 2 Analog gain in dB 0 to 23 5 Shutter Rolling Exposure time 32us to 0 5s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 30 ADC bit depth 8 bit Pixel data formats Mono8 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 2 3W 2 3W 2 3W Power consumption PoE 3 0W Not supported 3 0W Table 8 Model specific specification of GC1281M 1 9 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 1 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Relative response Wavelength nm Figure 11 Relative response of GC 1281 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 20 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 2 GC2041C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Aptina MT9T031 Chromatics Color Sensor type CMOS Sensor resolution H x W 2048 x 1536 Optical size 1 2 Pixel size in um 3 2 X 3 2 Analog gain in dB 0 to
140. lector is enabled via its TriggerMode property 4 5 2 1 Trigger Selector The TriggerSelector property provides access to the settings of the different trigger operating modes supported by the camera shown in Table 53 Value Description AcquisitionStart Starts the acquisition like configured in AcquisitionMode FrameStart Starts the acquisition of a single frame FrameBurstStart Starts the acquisition of multiple frames the count of frames is defined in the AcquisitionBurstFrameCount property Table 53 Supported Types of Triggers All available modes can be configured separately and are valid in parallel allowing to assign different behavior to each trigger source 4 5 2 2 Trigger Mode The property TriggerMode enables and disables the triggered operation of the camera As soon as it is enabled for at least one TriggerSelector property the camera s sensor falls in stand by mode where it waits for an external signal defined in the TriggerSource property The TriggerMode property is individually available for each TriggerSelector and can take one of the values shown in Table 54 Value Description On Enables trigger operation for the current TriggerSelector Off Disables trigger operation for the current TriggerSelector FrameBurstStart Starts the acquisition of multiple frames the count of frames is defined in the AcquisitionBurstFrameCount property Table 54 Trigger Mode While all TriggerMode properties are set to Off and the Ac
141. lt value is 0 ms meaning the request for a missing packet will be sent instantly This parameter applies only once to each missing packet after the packet was detected as missing PacketResendResponseTimeout Integer Represents how long ms the Packet Resend Mechanism will wait for response after sending a resend request until another resend request is sent MaxResendPacketRetry Integer Represents the maximum number of resend requests sent for a missing packet MaxMissingPacketWaiting Integer Maximum time in ms the missing packet is waited for When this time expires there will be no more resend requests sent to camera even if the driver did not send all resend request specified with MaxResendPacketRetry and the packet will be considered as lost MaxNextPacketWaiting Integer Maximum time ms that the resend mechanism will wait for the next packet If this time expires and there are still retries left the resend request is sent again MaxMissingPacketsCount Integer Maximum number of missing packets in one frame If the frame has more missing packets then this value it will be dropped MaxNewlmagesPending Integer Maximum amount of new images pending in the buffer Current image is dropped if this amount is exceeded MaxNewPacketsPending Integer Maximum amount of incoming payload packets pending in the buffer Current frame is dropped if this amount is exceeded MaxlncompletePackets Integer Maximum amount of missing payload p
142. martek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 13 Relative response of GC2591 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 14 Relative response of GC2591 Color from sensor datasheet 23 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 2 4 GC3851M GC3851C 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Chromatics Sensor type Sensor resolution H x W Optical size Pixel size in um Analog gain in dB Shutter Exposure time Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz ADC bit depth Pixel data formats Synchronization Exposure control Power consumption aux 12V Power consumption PoE Aptina MT9J003 Monochrome Color CMOS 3848x2762 W253 3856x2764 3856x2764 1 67 x 1 67 0 to 23 5 Rolling free run Global reset release triggered 36us to 10s 7 8 bit Mono8 BayerGR8 Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface 2 5W 2 5W 2 5W 3 2W Not supported 3 2W Table 11 Model specific specification of GC3851 24 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response
143. me J J Raw Bayer 4 v Color RGB Table 94 Color pipeline supported bit depth and supported image type Color Image Processing Pipeline in GigEVisionClient The color image processing pipeline is enabled by default for color cameras The user only can activate or deactivate a specific algorithm or configure the parameters for each algorithm the order of the pipeline cannot be changed 1 92 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qomanrtek vision 7 Contact Information Published by Smartek d o o Bana Josipa Jelacica 22c HR 40000 Cakovec Croatia www SMARTEK vision com Email info SMARTEK vision com Tel 49 89 381 53 30 57 Fax 49 89 381 53 30 58 Copyright 2014 by Smartek d o o All rights reserved For further information please contact our sales partners 193 7 Contact Information SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1
144. mechanism is a driver feature that when enabled tries to regain packets that have been lost during transmission It checks the order of the incoming packets and detects if one or even a group of packets is missing in a stream Depending on the parameters settings the driver will then send one or several resend requests to the camera which resends the appropriate packets Table 62 shows the basic driver parameters available Parameter Type Description SetParameters ToDefault CMD Resets all parameters of the Packet Resend mechanism to the default values MaxlmageSize Integer Maximum image size that the Packet Resend mechanism will handle EnablePacketResend Boolean Enables Disables the Packet Resend mechanism Acceptincompletelmage Boolean Enables Disables the acceptance of images where payload packets are missing LineFormat Enumeration Internal electrical circuit of the line Table 62 Packet Resend Parameters 1 2 Table 63 lists further parameters allowing a detailed configuration of the Packet Resent mechanism All this parameters mainly affect the performance and the robustness of the packet resending changes should only be done carefully 126 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet Parameter Type Description PacketResendTimeout Integer The elapsed time in ms before the first resend request for a missing packet is sent to the camera The defau
145. mparison to the original one Original Image Zoomed Figure 149 Example of sharpening algorithm factor 1 0 1 85 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Sharpening in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for configuring and executing the sharpening algorithm The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 90 For a detailed description on how to use this feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome d 4 Haw Bayer Color RGB d 4 Table 90 Sharpening supported bit depth and image type Sharpening in the GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient the Image Sharpen options can be accessed in the Image Processing Properties panel under Other shown in Figure 150 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control Image Processing Properties X amp GigEVisionClient GCP1941C 6C D1 46 00 01 6D 192 168 0124 a lo me DeviceManufa Giganetix GigE Vision c Image Processing Properties ex Color AE Matix GIMP LUT Other Reset ia aita Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 36 494
146. n be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties The single white balance mode is recommended in scenes where the lighting condition is constant so there will be no computation overhead The correction values are calculated once when the Calc button is pressed The Auto White Balance mode is disabled by default as soon as enabled by the Auto White Balance AWB check box it calculates an applies correction gains for every frame This mode is recommended when the lighting condition may permanently change 1 71 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK File View Control Displays Help Model Q amp Disconnect Device e Device Properties Device Property Info DeviceControl gan cho Color AE Matrix GIMP X Demosaic Colorized HO Linear B nearborder Y Gray White Nhite Balance mm eee O Average Gamma Gain Offset Red 74 100 B 1 50 E 0 00 o E iom ool ue m oB cS bom Load Values Save Values Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 14FPS 14FPS Position Cursor X Y 149 53 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 50 50 44 Data Transfer Rate 39 46 MBps Figure 137 White Balance feature in the GigE VisionClient e Calc Start white balancing calculation once e Auto Repeatedly apply white balancing to the images e Reset Reset every results calculated by the white balanci
147. n vertical direction by models with multi tap CCD sensors Not supported by models with color CCD multi tap CCD and individual CMOS sensors Overall and tap independent separate color channels only on CMOS models Multi tap CCD sensors only Supported only by GCP1931 model Table 60 Camera API feature list 1 2 124 Giganetix Plus GIG VISION GCP eoe 50500 05 oe e oe oO o Oo o 8000 o d SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision Series Interface Image Processing Software Automatic White Balance Automatic Exposure Control Lookup Table Gamma Correction Color Correction 3x3 Matrix Hue Saturation Lightness Histogram Sharpening Pixel Data Formats Mono8 Mono16 Bayer8 Bayer16 Hardware Housing Angled Sensor Head 90 Inputs opto coupled Outputs opto coupled Power over Ethernet GC O N NO e Giganetix GIG VISION GC S90 mo vo O Flexible positioning sensor head connected via FPC cable to mainboard only Table 61 Camera API feature list 2 2 4 Image Acquisition GC BL e 9 0 Giganetix Plus GIG VISION GCP e Pr OO SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet The network interface of SMARTEK Vision digital cameras is designed to be fully compatible with the GigE Vision stan
148. ng process to default If auto white balance is enabled before it will be disabled 1 12 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 5 Gamma Correction Gamma is an important characteristic of digital imaging systems as it translates between the light sensitivity of the human eye and thus of the image sensor Generally it has to be distinguished that there are basically two definitions of gamma The first one is called Gamma Correction the second one Gamma Adjustment The Gamma Adjustment assumes that the sensors gamma is 1 0 and comes into consideration when displaying an image on a display device It is used to encode linear luminance or RGB values to match the non linear characteristics of display devices Depending on the characteristics of the sensor and also influenced by gain or black level the gamma output of the camera is not ideally 1 0 If only the Gamma Adjustment is applied to the image the real gamma may represent a combination of the encoding gamma and the sensor s gamma The consequence of this effect is that the brightness levels of the image outputted on the display are distorted In situations where the gamma of the sensor is not 1 0 the Gamma Correction can be used to linearize the non linear sensor s characteristics to match a linear gamma of 1 0 For this purpose a well calibrated gray scale is usually used to determine the Gamma Correction values The g
149. nsor only while all lines are within integration Figure 89 shows this illumination window aS tyjumination Staring at truminationDelay Frame Start E tErameReadout Line 1 Line 2 is t f ReadRow Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 tread Row Line N 1 Line N tituminationDelay illumination IN Exposure L Readout Figure 89 Electronic Rolling Shutter Frame Readout 1 04 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Beyond the illumination period tyjumination Ideally no light falls onto the sensor to fully remove the rolling shutter effect The timing of illumination or mechanical shutter can be calculated with the formulas below Delay of illumination shutter open illuminationDelay tReadRow ImageHeight 1 On time of illumination shutter open tilumination tExposure tReadRow X ImageHeight 1 4 2 3 Global Reset Release GRR Readout The Global Reset Release is a variation of the Electronic Rolling Shutter and supported by particular CMOS sensors Like the name already indicates all lines are reset globally at the same moment and thus also started to be exposed at the same time As shown in Figure 90 the start of exposure of subsequent lines is not delayed like on standard rolling shutters the readout procedure stays the same Since the exposure duration of each line is extended about tReadrow this way to its prior
150. ntrol hue saturation and contrast The GigEVisionSDK provides a configurable 3 by 3 matrix for various applications modifying color images using matrix multiplication operations If the input image is in a non linear brightness space RGB colors must be transformed For these operations to be correct they must be operated on linear brightness values into a linear space before these matrix operations are used Figure 145 shows how the matrix multiplication is done where m are the matrix elements R G B are the input original values for the red green and blue channel and Ro Go B are the output color values for the red green and blue channel Moo Mo1 Too Ri Ro mi mi M2 X Gi Go M29 m mo Bi Bo Figure 145 Matrix Multi RGB parameters and results In effect this calculates Ro Moo Ri moj Gi mo Bi Go mio Ri M 1 Gj mio Bi Bo M20 Ri m Gi mo Bi Common applications for the 3x3 matrix operation are for example color correction color balancing and the conversion from color to luminance Matrix Multiplication 3x3 in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface to configure and execute the 3x3 matrix multiplication algorithm The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 87 Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome d V Raw Bayer 4 V Color RGB d
151. nu bar GighVisionChent GCSSLC 0 We Veew Control Dnaples Help wrw PD 130M anaes Devoe sx Preview Dialog GCHATM 0050C2 708 amp 7F 192168122 Floating Display Floating Display Camera 1 Camera 2 Figure 71 Preview Dialog and Floating Displays for multiple cameras Not The maximum number of devices depends on the memory and performance of the ote host PC as each of the devices will cause an amount of load to the system 86 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 2 5 Image Processing Image processing algorithms provided by the ImageProc API can be accessed within the Image Processing dialog shown in Figure 72 It enables the user to apply and parameterize the available image preprocessing functions Image Processing Properties ex Color AE Matrix GIMP LUT Other X Demosaic Colorized HQ Linear v Bilinear border v Gray White Balance Calc Reset Auto Average Gamma Gain Offset Red 0 1 00 B 1 00 Il 0 00 IN Green 0 1 00 BB 1 00 Bl 0 00 IN Bue 0 1 00 B 1 00 Ill 0 00 MN Inverse Gamma Load Values Save Values Figure 72 Image processing properties Color tab Table 40 shows an overview of the tabs and functions each tab includes A deep description of all listed image functions can be found in chapter 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Tab Functions Comment Demosaicing white balancing gamma gain and offset Color co
152. of power source that meets the specifications indicated on the camera and within the documentation Operating the camera outside of the specifications can cause to permanent damage Further electrical specifications can be found in chapter 2 1 Mechanical and Electrical specifications 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 1 Description of Product Family 1 2 Supported Industry Standards 1 2 1 GigE Vision GigE Vision is a communication interface standard for high performance Gi A industrial cameras based on the Gigabit Ethernet technology The main idea ys ion driving the development of the standard is to unify different protocols used in machine vision industrial applications and make hardware and software from various vendors interoperate seamlessly over GigE connections GigE Vision is administered by the Automated Imaging Association AIA ON AUTOMATED IMAGING ASSOCIATION Features of the GigE Vision standard e Fast data transfer rates up to 1 Gbit s based on 1000BASE T e Data transfer length up to 100m exceeding maximum length of FireWire USB and Camera Link interfaces e Based on established standard allowing communication with other Ethernet devices and computers GigE Vision has four main elements e GigE Vision Control Protocol GVCP runs on the UDP protocol The standard defines how an application controls and configures devices and instantiates stream channels on the
153. on specific order The Image Processing Pipeline performs the baseline and provides the whole chain in a process optimized way improving the interaction of all algorithms and thus the overall performance It takes the raw data produced by a camera sensor and generates the digital image that will then undergo further processing is viewed by the user and or stored to a nonvolatile memory The preconfigured imaging pipeline supported by the ImageProcAPI is illustrated in Figure 156 CENT atA White Gamma CEA Color Auto Sis Output Balance Correction Correction Exposure Image Figure 156 Image Processing Pipeline The order of the algorithms in the color image pipeline provided by the GigEVisionSDK is fixed and cannot be modified only the parameters and the execution of each algorithm can be configured For other cases a custom image processing pipeline can by combined by the available algorithms in a preferred order Color Image Processing Pipeline in GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageProcAPI provides the programming interface for executing the predefined color image processing pipeline within user applications The bit depths and image types supported are shown in Table 94 For a detailed description on how to use this feature please refer to the GigE VisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochro
154. or filter position blue light is fully transmitted red and green light are reflected or absorbed by the filter 1 00 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qomanrtek vision 4 Image Acquisition In general the Bayer color filters are arranged in a 2 by 2 pattern where the green filter is used as twice as red or blue filter as described above The first two pixels from top and left of the pixel array determine the name of the Bayer pattern The Bayer pattern shown in Figure 85 is therefore called a RG pattern This pattern is one of the four Bayer patterns available GR RG BG and GB shown in Figure 86 Figure 86 Bayer Color Filter Array placed on top of an area image sensor Since each pixel accumulates only the intensity value of the red green or blue light there are missing information for displaying a color image At the pixel position of a red color filter for example the green and blue information are missing To reproduce the full color information various interpolation methods can be applied to calculate the missing values based on the neighbor pixels Those interpolation methods are often called color filter array interpolation demosaicing or debayering For more detailed description of the debayering methods please refer to chapter 6 2 6 Color Filter Array Interpolation Demosaicing Debayering in this user manual 101 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisi
155. p TapDiffTreshold or TbpTapDiff IresholdPercent the gain will be adjusted based on the size of the difference In this process also the difference in black level on both taps is calculated and corrected if bigger than Tbp TapDitfTresholdBL An overview of the parameters is shown in Table 47 and can be accessed via the camera properties by the GigE VisionClient or directly via the API 1 1 1 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Parameter Type Description TbpVerticalStep Integer Vertical step used in Tap Balance algorithm TbpFramesToAvg Integer Number of frames averaged and used in Tap Balance algorithm TbpPixelDiffTreshold Float Maximum difference between adjacent pixels on different taps to include them in calculation TbpTapDiffTreshold Float Maximum allowed difference between taps TbpTapDiffTresholdPercent Float Maximum allowed difference between taps in percent Tbp TapDiffTresholdBLoAvg Float Maximum allowed black level difference between taps Table 47 Auto Tap Balancing Parameters By lowering the TbpVerticalStep parameter the algorithm uses more pixels in calculation and consequently provides more precise results On the other hand using more pixels in calculation causes the algorithm to be slower and can lead to a decreased frame rate Increasing the TbpFrames ToAvg parameter increases the amount of frames used in averaging localized single frame tap differences thus h
156. pecially for moving scenes where no additional mechanical shutter or strobe illumination is used To establish a global shuttering on CMOS sensor technology further transistors need to be placed on each pixel to buffer the load of each while the sensor is read out As this reduces the photo sensitive area of each pixel the sensitivity of global shutter CMOS sensors tends to be smaller compared to electronic rolling shutter sensors This is usually compensated by a micro lens above each pixel which focuses the incoming light to the light sensitive surface 1 02 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 2 2 Electronic Rolling Shutter ERS Readout In contrast to the global shuttering rolling shutter sensors start the exposure of each line not at the same moment Each line is started to be exposed with an offset to the prior one the exposure time of each line is defined by the user and effectively the same for all of them The process is shown in Figure 88 with the Frame Start signal the exposure of line 1 is started As Electronic Rolling Shutter sensors are not able to store the load of pixels in a non photon sensitive area the exposure first ends with the individual pixel being read out As the read out of all lines takes place in serial the read out of each line is delayed by the prior ones to keep the duration of exposure for all lines equal the exposure start of each line is delayed
157. pecific tone of color Red Yellow Green Cyan Blue Magenta and their blends the individual colors are arranged in a circle Their individual position is determined by an angle ranging from 0 to 360 Pure red is usually placed at 0 pure green and pure blue at 120 respectively 240 Table 88 shows the six base colors 182 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Hue angle Color 0 60 120 180 240 300 Table 88 HSL color space As shown in Figure 147 as well Saturation describes the intensity of a color It defines how pale or strong a color appears and is the intensity of a Hue from gray At maximum saturation a color would contain no gray at all at minimum saturation a color would contain mostly gray In the HSL color wheel the saturation specifies the distance from the middle of the wheel in percent Lightness describes how bright or how dark a color appears It defines how much white or black is contained within a color Because of its characteristics of separating color and brightness information the HSL color space fits for various image processing functions such as convolution equalization histograms which mainly use the brightness information for calculation As a result computation performance may also increase due to performing calculation only on one channel Gimp HSL in the GigEVisionSDK In the GigEVisionSDK the ImageP
158. quisitionMode property to Continuous the camera acquires continuously images 117 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 5 2 3 Trigger Source The TriggerSource property specifies the source which is used to initiate the trigger signal An internal signal or one of the physical input lines can be selected as the trigger source The selected TriggerSelector must have its TriggerMode set to On TriggerSource can take any of the values shown in Table 55 Value Description Line1 Uses the physical Input Line1 as trigger source Line2 Uses the physical Input Line2 as trigger source Software Uses a Software Trigger as trigger source the TriggerSoftware command can be send to the camera via the API Table 55 Trigger Sources 4 5 2 4 Trigger Activation For the external trigger signals applied on the physical input lines of the camera available in the TriggerSource property it is possible to define the kind of edge which initiates a trigger The TriggerActivation property offers two values described in Table 56 Value Description RisingEdge Trigger initiated with Rising Edge FallingEdge Trigger initiated with Falling Edge Table 56 Trigger Activation modes Figure 97 shows the exposure period of the sensor triggered by a rising edge while Figure 98 shows the exposure period of the sensor triggered by a Falling Edge External trigger signal period P
159. r resolution H x W 2448x2058 2448x2056 2448x2058 Optical size 2 3 Pixel size in um 3 45 x 3 45 Analog gain in dB 5 1 to 41 8 Shutter Progressive Scan Exposure time 10us to 10s Max frame rate 8Bit in Hz 15 ADC bit depth 8 bit 14 bit Pixel data formats mono model Mono8 Mono16 Pixel data formats color model Mono8 Mono16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 Synchronization Free run external and software trigger single shot multi shot Exposure control Freely programmable via GigE Vision interface Power consumption aux 12V 3 6W 3 6W 3 6W Power consumption PoE Not supported Not supported 4 5W Table 21 Model specific specification of GC2441 44 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models Relative Response 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 Wavelength nm Figure 35 Relative response of GC2441 Monochrome from sensor datasheet 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 Relative response 350 450 550 650 750 Wavelength nm Figure 36 Relative response of GC2441 Color from sensor datasheet 45 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 2 15 GC1021M GC1021C GC GC S90 GC BL Image Sensor Truesense Imaging KAI 01050 Chromatics Monochrome Color Sensor type 2 lap CCD Sensor resolution H x W 1024 x 1024
160. ra family 144 Oso CAUMICD ald 22 2 oo 3 3 392 8 2 23 3 39 9 3 2 9 3 3 3 9 9 2 9 cs 39 4 9 2 4 3 1 3 9 4 3 428 89 5 146 5 5 1 Getting Started with Chunk Data llle ee 147 5 5 2 Additional chunks 2l lel ern 150 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 152 6 1 Image Statistics 222 153 6 1 1 Histogram llle ee 153 6 1 2 Average Luminance Calculation ee 157 6 2 Image Processing Algorithms 2er 159 6 2 1 Luminance Look Up Table LUT llle 159 PMESDCIZC IMCPPPP 165 6 2 3 Auto Exposure and Auto Gain len 168 6 2 4 White Balance 2 ssh 170 6 2 5 Gamma Correction a llle 173 6 2 6 Color Filter Array Interpolation Demosaicing Debayering 176 6 2 7 Matrix Multiplication 3x3 a aoaaa 180 620 WIMPHObhassss4299999999 9999 994 99 4944 999 992995 97495 993 182 6 29 Sharpening 0 ce rns 185 6 2 10 RGB to Grayscale Conversion aaoo a a a a 187 6 2 11 Bit Depth Conversion aasa 189 6 2 12 Flip Rotate Transformation llle 190 6 3 Color Image Processing Pipeline llle 192 7 Contact Information 193 Hl SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 1 Description of Product Family 1 Description of Product Family The
161. re time to be calculated This value must not match the maximum exposure time of the camera but should not exceed 4 Exposure Time Threshold 9e default 10 absolute difference between new exposure and old exposure value The new calculated exposure value needs to be higher than this threshold value to be considered as the new exposure to be adjusted File View Control Displays Help a i Find Devices e Set Ip To Device Connect Device Disconnect Device Firmware Update Preview X Devices X Device Properties C Device Property Info v Start E API Settings Parameters MARE dr L Histogram mee Visib ity Gun Property DeviceControl eVendor Smartel image Proceming Properties Color AE Matrix GIMP Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 16 FPS 16 FPS Position Cursor X Y 149 53 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 53 53 46 Data Transfer Rate 45 10 MBps Figure 133 Auto Exposure in GigEVisionClient 1 69 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 4 White Balance White Balancing is the process of removing unwanted color casts in digital images which derived from one important characteristic of visible light the color temperature The color temperature is defined by the radiation emitted by a glowing black body and is measured in Kelvin K Since an image sensor converts light
162. red the first resend request for packet 1007 is sent to the camera The camera does not respond with a resend 5 Interval defined by the PacketResendResponseTimeout parameter 6 The PacketResendResponseTimeout expires and second resend request for packet 1007 is sent to the camera The camera does not respond with a resend 7 Interval defined by the PacketResendResponseTimeout parameter 8 As the maximum number of resend requests has been sent MaxResendPacketRetry and the last PacketResendResponse Timeout has expired packet 1007 is now considered as lost If a group of packets is missing for example 1000 1001 1002 and 1003 only one resend request will be sent covering all connected packets 1 28 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet Example 2 Figure 102 illustrates the packet resend mechanism with the following assumptions e Packet 1007 is missing within the stream of packets and has not been recovered e MaxResendPacketRetry is set to 2 e MaxMissingPacketWaiting is set to a value that expires before second resent request is sent 1 2 m 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 vj 1018 1019 1020 i lt Da pa gt Time p Figure 102 Packet Resend Mechanism example MaxMissingPacketWaiting value has exceeded Additionally to the description in Example 2 the
163. reduce the amount of image data focusing on the significant information OffsetX E p i A OffsetY EM l Maximum height Height i BM Y B A p gt Width lt Er Maximum width Figure 96 Area of Interest The parameterization of the Area of Interest takes place in four parameters shown in Figure 96 and Table 50 They clearly define the sub window within the image respectively to the sensor array Value Type Description Width Integer Horizontal size in pixel of the sensor image section Height Integer Vertical size in pixel of the sensor image section OffsetX Integer Horizontal offset in pixel of the sensor image section OffsetY Integer Vertical offset in pixel of the sensor image section Table 50 Parameters to define an Area of Interest While the camera is capturing images changes only to the parameters that determine the position of the AO are allowed OffsetX OffsetY The parameters which define the size Height Width are inaccessible 1 1 4 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 5 Acquisition Control The following section is about controlling the image acquisition of SMARTEK Vision digital cameras It contains a detailed description about the different acquisition modes how to control external triggering and how the image acquisition rate can be limited Table 51 gives a brief overview about all features that are
164. refore afterwards not possible To build up color images an image sensor needs the ability to extract the color information already from the incoming light One common way for this purpose is to place a color filter array CFA on top of the photosensitive cells to catch significant wavelengths individually by filtering off all others and use them to recalculate full color information for each pixel The Bayer color filter array is the most widely used filter array on image sensors which uses the complementary colors red green and blue The main advantage of this filter array is that only one image sensor is needed to separate color information of the light at one time In a Bayer filter array there are twice as many green as there are red or blue pixels the reason behind this is the higher sensitivity of the human eye for the color green Not All color cameras of the Giganetix family are equipped with area image sensors with Bayer pattern Bayer color filter array Image sensor A Re Pp A Figure 85 Bayer Color Filter Array placed on top of an area image sensor Figure 85 illustrates a Bayer color filter array placed on top of an area image sensor e Atared color filter position red light is fully transmitted green and blue light are reflected or absorbed by the filter e At a green color filter position green light is fully transmitted red and blue light are reflected or absorbed by the filter e And at a blue col
165. rm factor offering the comprehensive camera electronics in a small 35x35x48 mm footprint Figure 1 shows an image of the housing Table 4 contains an overview about the model specific specifications Figure 1 Giganetix Camera with Standard Housing en 35 x 35 x 48 mm 1 38 x 1 38 x 1 89 in Housing Black anodized aluminum case Weight Approx 90g 3 20Z Storage temperature 30 C to 60 C 22 F to 140 F Operating temperature 0 C to 50 C 32 F to 122 F Operating humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Storage humidity 20 to 80 relative non condesing Power requirement 10V to 24V DC via Power and l O interface Power over Ethernet PoE Lens mount C Mount Connectors screw mount Ethernet RJ45 Communication and Data Circular Hirose 12 pin Power and l O Interface Digital input 2 input channels opto isolated Digital output 2 output channels opto isolated Conformity CE FCC RoHS GigE Vision GenlCam PoE IEEE802 3af measured at camera housing Table 4 Mechanical and electrical specifications 8 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VWsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 1 1 1 Technical Drawings C Mount and image sensor optical center OMEN ca ee All models with PoE RJ45 jack is 180 rotated Figure 2 Technical measures of standard camera housing all dimensions are in mm inch 9 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmart
166. rmat BayerGR8 BayerRG8 BayerGB8 BayerBG8 Description 8 bit monochrome unsigned Pixel size 1 byte Value range Ova 205 Table 69 Specification PixelFormat Bayer8 The memory layout of the image with this pixel formats is shown in Figure 115 Starting from the upper left of the image byte 0 represents the value of pixel P 1 1 byte 1 represents the value of pixel P 1 2 and so on In each byte the bitorder is by default little endian the least significant bit is assigned to bit number O and the most significant bit is assigned to bit number 7 P 1 1 P 1 2 y SR rp of Figure 115 Image Layout with pixel format GR8 RG8 GB8 BG8 142 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 4 3 2 BayerGR16 BayerRG16 BayerGB16 BayerBG16 In an image with pixel format Bayer16 each pixel value P is represented by two byte or 16 bits The GR RG GB or BG notation describes the Bayer pattern of the image sensor used in the camera For detailed description about the Bayer filter please refer to chapter 4 1 5 Color Imaging with Bayer Pattern The Bayer16 pixel format in SMARTEK Vision digital cameras is specified like shown below PixelFormat BayerGR16 BayerRG16 BayerGB16 BayerBG16 Description 16 bit monochrome unsigned Pixel size 2 byte Value range 0 65535 Table 70 Specification PixelFormat Bayer16 The two bytes are arranged in little endian
167. rocAPI provides the programming interface for configuring and executing Gimp HSL algorithm The bit depth and image type supported are shown in Table 89 For a detailed description on how to use this feature please refer to the GigEVisionSDK API Help located in the doc folder of the GigEVisionSDK installation directory Supported bit depth Supported image input 8 bit per channel 16 bit per channel Monochrome Haw Bayer Color RGB rd Table 89 Gimp HSL supported bit depth and image type 1 83 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK Gimp HSL in the GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient the GIMP HSL manipulation options can be accessed in the mage Processing Properties panel under GIMP shown in Figure 148 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties If Master is selected then values are changed for every channel at once J amp GigEVisionClient GCP1941C 6C D1 46 00 01 6D 192 168 0 134 Fille View Con rol Displays Help Iw Set Ip To Device d Connect Device Wi Disconnect Device Firmware Update C Preview _ X Devices Device Properties i Device Property Info Q start ein ane Parameters XB art cette crete Vislty Gur Li Histogram E ii BERGL _ Log Property _ DeviceManufa Giganetix GigE Vision c 4 Du al arcium H n EUPT image Proceming Properties t Enable Hue
168. rom the list of discovered devices are displayed in the tab Device Info Among others it contains the device name firmware and hardware versions as well as the current IP configuration It is accessible already before a connection has been established The Parameters tab shown in Figure 69 shows the parameters of the camera and is only accessible while a connection to the camera is established It displays a tree of features extracted from the GenlCam description file of the camera and enables the adjustment of camera settings according to the needs of the application Device properties start stop Parameters Device Info Registers Visibility Guru 9 Refresh Property Value DevicelLontral ImageFormatControl E Acquisition Control DigttalOControl Analog ontrol TransportLayerContral UserSetControl UserValueControl E CounterAndTimerControl ChunkDatatC ontrol Figure 69 Device Properties Parameters tab According to the current settings of the camera the acquisition can be started by pressing the Start button shown in Figure 70 To receive a continuous image stream from the camera without having any external trigger signals applied it must be ensured that the AcquisitionMode is set to Continuous and the TriggerMode is set to Off 84 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library P
169. rrection AE Auto Exposure Matrix 3x3 Matrix multiplication including value storing loading Only available for color cameras GIMP GIMP based color manipulation via hue lightness and Only available for color saturation ansa LUT Look Up Table generation application and storing loading Other Image sharpening Image Flip Rotate Table 40 GigEVisionClient Image processing functions 8 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 3 6 3 API Settings Dialog The API Settings dialog accessible after activating it in the Control menu of the Menu Bar displays various settings of the API driver and memory management The API tab shown in Figure 73 allows the modification of all available API parameters and gives access to the packet resend settings and statistics of the current driver session as well as it enables the user to rise or decrease the image buffer within the camera driver This buffer represents space in the non paged memory pool of Windows and can be used to improve the performance when loosing images because of low system performance limits it to 256MB Windows 7 limits it at 75 of physical RAM the number of images Since the amount of memory in the non paged memory pool is limited Windows XP in the image buffer must be calculated correctly API Settings EES API Device Property Value PacketResendControl Statistics ImageButferContral H Genicam
170. ry 4 amp GigEVisionClient GC651C 00 50 C2 70 84 F3 192 168 1 21 2 e Menu bar File View Control Displa Help Toolbar w wu GR 20a ME CNR ex v C TNNT 77 NN vV GC651C 0 50 C2 70 84 F3 192 168 1 21 GC2441M 00 50 C2 70 88 7F 192 168 1 22 Device list Device Properties Q Start Q Stop Parameters Device Info Registers Device properties mmi Image Property i Value 3 DeviceControl display window Image Processing Properties Color AE Matrix GIMP LUT Other X Demosaic Colorized HQ Linear v B near border v Gray White Balance Image Processing nt js properties Average Gamma Gain Offset Red o Green 0 1 00 io ooo ag Bue o 100 Bl 100 0 00 Inverse Gamma Load Values Save Values Info bar Image Size No Image Framerate Acquisition Display OFPS OFPS Position Cursor X Y 46 698 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 0 0 0 Data Transfer Rate 0 00 KBps Figure 63 GigEVisionClient Graphical User Interface GUI Refer to Figure 64 for a full description of all GUI elements on the toolbar Set IP Save Save To Disconnect Image Display Reset GUI to Device Device As Zoom In Enable GUI file oe ve We e a e anger od od Find Connect Open Zoom Zoom Floating Save Load Devices Device Image Reset Out Display GUI as GUI Enable default from file Figure 64 Toolbar description Due to the possibility that all the dialogs within the Gi
171. s 3 Press the Configure button below the name of the physical network interface shown in Figure 107 4 The settings of the driver can be accessed by choosing the Advanced tab of the opened window As shown in Figure 109 raise the value of the Receive Buffers property to its maximum value The following properties are available for this network adapter Click the property you want to change on the left and then select its value on the right Property Value Link Speed amp Duplex 2048 Link Speed Battery Saver Locally Administered Address Log Link State Event Friority amp VLAN Protocol ARP Offload Protocol M5 Offload Receive Buffers Receive Side Scaling Receive Side Scaling Queues Reduce Speed On Power Down System Idle Power Saver TCP Checksum Offload IPv4 TCP Checksum Offload IPv amp Figure 109 Network interface card advanced driver settings Receive Buffers 1 3 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 3 4 Disable the Interrupt Moderation Rate To optimize the latency of the data transmission it is recommended to disable the Interrupt Moderation Rate feature of the network adapter This feature changes the way of interrupt generation by an incoming packet and makes it possible to reduce the delay in the processing of incoming Ethernet packets It is usually accessible via the identically named property in th
172. s in windowing 6 Shuttering the ability to start and stop exposure arbitrary is superior in CCD devices CMOS devices require extra transistors in each pixel to provide uniform Global shuttering and achieve similar results like CCD sensors 7 Biasing and clocking CMOS image sensors have a clear advantage in biasing and clocking as they work on single bias voltage and clock level 8 Anti blooming is the ability to easily reduce localized overexposure without ruining the rest of the image in the sensor CMOS for the most part is immune to typical blooming CCDs need higher engineering skills and additional hardware to remove blooming 99 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition 4 1 5 Color Imaging with Bayer Pattern In an area image sensor pixels are arranged in a two dimensional array see Figure 85 Each pixel contains a light sensitive photo diode that converts the incoming light intensity into an electrical voltage The amount of light falling into a photo diode over a period of time defined by the exposure or integration time determines the pixel voltage level Based on the technology of a photo diode each pixel is sensitive for a wide range of wavelengths covering on silicon based sensors the whole visible as well as near infrared wavelengths All incoming photons are accumulated to one intensity a separation of the different wavelengths and thus color information is the
173. s that employ switching technology e Attempt to connect all grounds to a single point e g use a single power outlet for the entire system and connect all grounds to the single outlet e Use a line filter on the main power supply e Install the camera and camera cables as far as possible from devices generating sparks e Decrease the risk of electrostatic discharge by taking the following measures e Use conductive materials at the point of installation e Use suitable clothing cotton and shoes e Control the humidity in your environment Low humidity can cause ESD problems 5 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 VYsmartek vision 1 Description of Product Family 1 4 Supported Third Party Software The Giganetix cameras have been verified to be applicable with the third party software shown below in Table 2 Software Requirements Cognex Vision Pro Native GigEVision interface Matrox Imaging Library Native GigEVision interface MVTec Halcon Native GigEVision interface National Instruments National Instr ts IMAQdx Plugi LabView uments Qax Plugin Scorpion Vision Plugin provided by SMARTEK Vision Table 2 Third Party Software 6 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models The Giganetix camera family consists of a line up of GigE Vision compliant cameras equipped with a selection o
174. sion Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Wsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models In each setup the camera and its heat conductor are exposed to the environment temperature of 22 5 C until all match 1 As soon as the camera is powered 2 it starts to heat immediately 3 and reaches its maximum after around one hour 4 The difference in temperature between the sample setups is significantly the camera which is not mounted to any heat conductor after one hour in an environmental temperature of 22 5 C have camera temperature at 50 4 C With a small aluminum heat conductor the camera temperature drops about 12 to 15 C Heat Up Graphs GC1921C 55 4 50 45 c 40 2 gt OQ 35 Q 3 D 30 Not mounted 25 Aluminum loose Aluminum well mounted 1 2 l 20 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Time in s Figure 60 Example of heat up behavior of a camera with different thermal connections 71 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 3 4 IR Cut Filter The spectral sensitivity of the CCD CMOS image sensors extends into the near infrared range what can result in for the human eye unnatural looking images on color camera models To allow an accurate reproduction of images from color image sensors IR cut filters are used IR cut filters are short pass filters that block near infrared light of waveleng
175. son with the bilinear interpolation the HQ Linear interpolation method has the modest increase in computational complexity However the main advantage of this method is that it generates significant higher quality color images with greatly reduced edge artifacts Therefore HQ Linear interpolation is in the GigEVisionSDK used as the standard demosaicing algorithm Pixel Group Interpolation Pixel Grouping is another interpolation method considering pixel values in a 5x5 neighborhood to calculate missing color values It basically works in two phases first it computes all the unknown green values and then it uses the input data along with the green values computed in the first phase to compute all the missing red and blue values The main principle is to determine the gradients in the four directions from the current processed pixel and select the value with the smallest one for final calculation The smallest gradient value is chosen to reduce edge artifacts due to the fact that a higher gradient value is an indication for edge transition In comparison with the bilinear and HQ Linear interpolation methods Pixel Grouping is the most memory and computational intensive algorithm However the result color image is at very high quality with very little edge artifacts especially for scenes with large areas of uniform colors that are separated by clear boundaries Colorized Output The Colorized algorithm is not doing any interpolation It simply creates
176. test firmware can be requested from your local sales representative or at supporto SMARTEKvision com 2 Compatibility Check Passed After selecting and opening a firmware file the application will run a compatibility test between the device and firmware If the selected firmware is compatible to the selected camera the shown text is tagged as PASSED and the Upload new firmware to device button will become available 3 Flash Firmware To upload and flash the firmware to the target camera press the Upload new firmware to device button 4 Successful Update In the last step of the firmware update the camera is restarted by the application If this step was executed successfully the update window can be closed and the camera is ready to be operated with the new firmware 91 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 3 Smartek GigEVisionSDK Library 1 Select firmware location 3 Flashing device Upoadnewfmwareto device Status RERARAARARA AER ERAER ARERR REAR RRR VENDOR_NAME Smartek MODEL_NAME GC651C APPLICATION FIRMWARE_VERSION 1 6 6 0 BUILD_DATE 12 03 2013 MIN_HARDWARE_VERSION 1 0 MAX_HARDWARE_VERSION 1 9 FORMAT_VERSION 1 2 NUM_OF_CHUNKS 3 CHUNK_1_DESC HARDWARE CHUNK_1_SIZE 397456 CHUNK_1_OFFS 0x00200000 CHUNK 2 DESC SOFTWARE CHUNK 2 SIZE 757908 CHUNK 2 OFFS 0x00300000 CHUNK 3 DESC GENICAM XML CHUNK 3 SIZE 16869 CHUNK 3 OFFS 0x002C0000 2
177. the multiplied amount of pixel data which can be read at the same time Depending on the count of taps multi tap sensors can easily reach a multiple of frame rates compared to single tap sensors Oo QD QD q N c o S QD fe 4 2 Oo X Q Oo Ras O QD 2 B D Uu pO T ra n WL Y C 20 Ig Figure 82 Dual Tap Interline Transfer CCD Like shown in Figure 82 where the schematic of a dual tap or 2 tap sensor is shown the active pixels are read out in the same way like on a Single Tap CCD but from two sides This mechanism leads to a doubled frame rate compared to an equally clocked single tap CCD but also to an issue As both arrays are read out synchronously the pixel data of each tap has to be amplified and digitized by an individual circuit As electrical components are subjected to tolerances each circuit behaves slightly different over temperature This causes in slightly dissimilar brightness levels between the taps shown in Figure 83 left which need to be matched for a proper functioning of the camera depending on the actual device temperature right 96 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 4 Image Acquisition Figure 83 2 Tap Sensor Unbalanced image left and matched image right The cameras of the Giganetix family contain two mechanisms to appropriately match the sensor taps cameras of the Giganetix series Standard GC S90 and GC BL provide by
178. ths longer than approximately 660nm and pass visible light All color camera models are equipped with an IR cut filter as standard monochrome models do not have an IR cut filter installed by default Figure 61 below shows the transmission curve of the filter used in the Giganetix camera family 100 90 80 70 S 60 5 9 50 p E 40 o E 30 20 10 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Wavelength nm Figure 61 IR cut filter specification 2 3 5 Ingress Protection Class The camera housing fulfills the Ingress Protection Class of IP40 It is protected against solid objects with a diameter larger than 1 mm tools wires and small wires and has no protection against liquids 12 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 2 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix Camera Models 2 4 Declarations of Conformity 2 4 1 CE Manufacturer omartek d o o Bana Josipa Jelacica 22c HR 40000 Cakovec Croatia Product Digital Gigabit Ethernet Camera Type Family Giganetix Standard Giganetix S90 Version Giganetix Plus Type of Equipment GC1281M GC2041C GC2591M GC2591C GC3851M GC3851C GC651M GC651C GC652M GC652C GC653M GC653C GC781M GC781C GC1031M GC1031C GC1391M GC1391C GC1392M GC1392C GC1621M GC1621C GC2441M GC2441C GC1021M GC1021C GC1291M GC1291C GC1601M GC1601C GC1921M GC1921C GCP1931M GCP1931C GCP1941M GCP1941C GCP2751M GCP2751C GCP3381M GCP3381C GCP4241M GCP4241C This equipment is
179. tion 4 2 Shutter types and Frame Readout On digital image sensors with electronic shutters three technologies of frame shuttering are common e Global Shutter e Electronic Rolling Shutter ERS e Electronic Rolling Shutter with Global Reset Release GRR All three technologies show up very different characteristics which are described in the following chapter 4 2 1 Global Shutter Readout On global shutter sensors all lines of the image sensor are exposed at the same time for an equal amount of time to incoming light The start of exposure is defined by an incoming frame start signal e g a trigger the duration of exposure is adjusted by the user or applied by an external signal as well The procedure is shown in Figure 87 the pixel in all lines are reset and started being exposed at one time after the incoming Frame Start signal is received After the Exposure Time the charges of all pixel are simultaneously transferred into protected pixels on the sensor from where they are read out line by line The active array can usually already be exposed again while the protected pixels are still read out Frame Start Exposure Time Frame Readout Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line N 1 Line N Frame Duration Exposure Readout Figure 87 Global Shutter Frame Readout Because of its characteristics to expose all lines over the same period of time Global Shutter sensors are preferred es
180. to electrical voltage which then underruns multiple processing steps until a digital image is saved or displayed on the screen the color temperature of the light is visible on the digital image in form of color casts appearing to the human eye Figure 134 illustrates the color temperature spectrum of visible light in the range from 1000K to 15000K 1000K 3000K 5000K 7000K 9000K 11000K 13000K 15000K Figure 134 Color temperature spectrum in range 1000K to 15000K Digital images which are captured in lower color temperature conditions candle light tungsten light tends to be reddish or reddish orange The higher the color temperature overcast sky the more blue light will outweigh the digital image appears more bluish To fully describe color casts in digital images a tint adjustment is also required While the color temperature determines the warmth or coolness of an image the tint defines the balance between magenta and green color casts Figure 135 shows two images of a color checker chart The image in the left shows the original values of the patches while the color checker on the right is captured by a camera at day light condition If we look at the last row of the color chart on the left image the Gray color fields tend to be green Figure 135 Comparison original color left and camera image right of a ColorChecker chart Human eyes can automatically correct this effect for a camera to compensate this effect automatic white
181. ty e GenIL is the transport layer interface for enumerating cameras grabbing images from the camera and moving them to the user application GenlCam provides supports for five basic functions e Configuring the camera supports a range of camera features such as frame size acquisition speed pixel format gain image offset etc e Grabbing images creates access channels between the camera and the user interface and initiates receiving images e Graphical user interface enables user GUI interface to seamlessly talk to the camera s e Transmitting extra data enables cameras to send extra data on top of the image data Typical examples could be histogram information time stamp area of interest in the frame etc e Delivering events enables cameras to talk to the application through an event channel Standard Features Naming Convention SFNC SFNC provides the definitions of standard use cases and standard features The goal is to cover and to standardize the naming convention used in all those basic use cases where the implementation by different vendors would be very similar anyway The GenlCam technology allows exposing arbitrary features of a camera through a unified API and GUI Each feature can be defined in an abstract manner by its name interface type unit of measurement and behavior The GenApi module of the GenlCam standard defines how to write a camera description file that describes a specific camera s mapping
182. vd V Color RGB Table 86 Demosaicing supported bit depth and image type Demosaicing in GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient the demosaicing options can be accessed in the Image Processing Properties panel under Color shown in Figure 144 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties f amp GigEVisionClient GCP1941C 6C D1 46 00 01 6D 192 168 0 124 c faecal File View Control Displays Help w 9 ode deg 5 Set Ip To Device V Connect Device W Disconnect Device Firmware Update _ Preview Model GCP1 ccs Q Start Parameters Property 3 DeviceControl Image Processing Properties Color AE Matix GIMP LUT Other X Demosaic Colorized HQUnear v Bilinear border v _ Gray White Balance Calc Reset Auto Average Gamma Gain Offset Red 74 1 00 B 1 50 B ooo Green 66 1 00 B 1 00 il ooo Bue 56 1 00 J 0 00 JI Load Values Save Values Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 155 125 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 71 67 60 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 144 Demosaicing algorithms with border type selection 1 19 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK 6 2 7 Matrix Multiplication 3x3 N by N matrices are commonly used to transform RGB colors scale them and co
183. y 4 Table 91 RGB to Gray conversion supported bit depths and image types 1 87 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in GigEVisionSDK RGB to Gray Conversion in the GigEVisionClient In the GigEVisionClient the RGB to Gray options can be activated in the Image Processing Properties panel under Color shown in Figure 152 If not visible the panel can be enabled by the menu bar entry Control gt Image Processing Properties T Gigi Vi E hs dm G ET 194 ic Poe Me d S Like a D tem a E Ne a ESI eee ERR TO File View Con tro T Displays Help checket p Device Properti C Device P L API Settings Parameters E B b T Value L a DeviceVendor Smartel DeviceModelN GCP DeviceManufa Giganetix GigE Vision c 4 i m Neve pVarzinr HAM C EV image Processing Properties Color AE Matrix GIMP X Demosaic Colorized HQ Linear B near border White Balance Calc Reset Average Gamma Gain Offset Red 0 100 Bl 1 50 ll 0 00 0 1 00 MI 100 Bl bom we o B cB ool Load Values Save Values Image Size 1936 x 1456 Framerate Acquisition Display 15FPS 15FPS Position Cursor X Y 1208 1715 Pixel Value RGB Cursor 0 0 0 Data Transfer Rate 42 28 MBps Figure 152 RGB to Gray conversion in GigEVisionClient 1 88 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 6 Image Processing in
184. yerGR8 BayerGR16 BayerRG8 BayerRG16 GC651C O O e e GC652C GC653C O O e e GC781C O e o GC1031C O O e e GC1291C O O eo e GC1391C O O e e GC1392C O O GC1621C O O e GC2441C O O o o GC1021C e e O O GC1601C e e O O GC1921C e e O O GCP1931C O O e o GCP1941C O O e GCP2751C e e O Q GCP3381C O O o o GCP4241C O o o Table 72 Pixel formats supported by SMARTEK Vision color cameras On dual tap CCD camera models 16 bit pixel formats are supported by the means of firmware update There are two different firmware versions for those camera models one supporting 8 bit pixel formats and the other supporting 16 bit pixel formats The 16 Bit formats of SMARTEK Vision Giganetix cameras contain the full in chapter 2 2 Sensor Information and Technical Specification All Models Separate specified bit depth available by the sensor As this are in most cases less than 16 Bit of payload the effective image data is aligned to the Most Significant Bits MSB 1 45 SMARTEK Vision Giganetix User Manual Version 2 1 1 Qsmartek vision 5 Image Transmission over Gigabit Ethernet 5 5 Chunk Data Chunk Data are information related to the image captured and transmit by a GigE Vision camera As soon as active the camera adds different kinds of information to each captured image For instance this information can be the image itself as well as data which has been extracted from the image or configuration parameters like the area o

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