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1. oe ree 25 E 25 S ze 25 Gul 25 to ZWCAD T OF AUTOCAD ioris essa aen DEDI USUS 26 Page 3 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual About the program Column Expert is a software product for design detailing and drafting of reinforced concrete columns according to Eurocode EC2 EC8 etc It is part of Design Expert software package Column dimensions and loads for each storey are easily defined in tables You can draw cross sections using powerful graphical editor All sections are stored in a library and can be reused multiple times You can easily add or remove sections from the library Main features of the program are Design Columns are designed for axial load with nominal eccentricity second order effects and initial imperfections You can assign cross sections preliminary and verify column capacities Alternatively the program can automatically select the required cross sections and reinforcement bars based on the defined loads Detailing All reinforcement bars and shear links are generated automatically for the d
2. EU UII ost xv E EMEN P RS S 12 scd Tr Y 12 SECTION shape and GIMENSIONS de SOL MUE QE P DSoIES HUS EU 12 POT VEN o A cR mE 13 SHEU E RE 13 13 Detailing requirements to Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 8 14 15 T UU T m 16 Reinforcement desipli uiesssee enu VE Un VUE RUNE YSNNU AMEN UA CEP VUISKUERMDNA RE MTM VE SN EMIT En QU UNS 16 Eurocode CES RN TET m 16 Check 55 5 5 4 55 4 45 408 a SS 16 Automatic reinforcement 55955 16 Automato Section selene n Unda udi 16 Calculatiabi 16 View and Align Columns 17 E 17 IRE TT Tr 17 EU WN SC eh 17 eei uet 18 DAU ER Omm 18 e L0 S RE me 18 Bhce TT c 18 PILOM tmo 18 B
3. User Manual Detailing requirements to Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 8 All parameters used for automated detailing of columns are listed in the table below References to the corresponding sections in Eurocode are provided in brackets DCL DCM DCH Non seismic Seismic Seismic Section dimensions element element element EC2 EC8 EC8 Minimum section dimensions 250 mm min bc 200 mm 200 mm 5 5 1 2 2 1 Maximum dimensions ratio max 4 hc bc EN 1992 1 1 9 5 1 1 doL min 12 Minimum diameter 9 5 2 1 NA 2 84 0 002 0 01 Minimum reinforcement ratio 9 5 2 2 2 85 5 4 3 2 2 1 0 04 9 5 2 3 NA 2 86 5 4 3 2 2 1 5 5 3 2 2 1 Minimum clear spacing between bars 50 mm Maxi ing bet b centers Maximum spacing between bars at 300 mm 200 mm 150 mm corners of links nox 9 5 3 6 5 4 3 2 2 11 b 5 5 3 2 2 12 c Mandrel diameter for bending For lt 16 dm 40 d m For gt 16 mm dm 70 Anchorage length 2 25 1 4 4 Oxsa fod 02 05 ly gt lp min 0 3 1041 10 cm Lap length lo 030205 066 96 1 5 6 mm 6 mm 6 mm Minimum diameter own 0 25 4 5 4 3 2 2 10 0 4 dbt fyat fyaw 2 9 5 3 1 0 25 4 5 5 3 2 2 12 Maximum spacing between shear links bc centers along the column 2045 400 mm 9 5 3 3 and NA 2 87 Page 14 of 26
4. bars from from E ratio from n All available sections in the library are loaded in the left panel The sections to be used for the current project are listed in the right panel If you click a section with the mouse you will see a picture at the right bottom side You can use the following commands to manage the library Page 10 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Load and unload sections You can have hundreds of sections in the library The program allows you to preliminary select only those sections that you are going to use in the current project That makes your further work easier In order to load sections into the current project select them in the left panel named Section Library and move them to the right panel Imported Sections You can do this in several ways Drag and drop the sections from left to right using the mouse Double click a section on the left Select the sections and press the gt import button Press All to import all available sections into the current project You can unload sections by transferring them from right to left in a similar way Use the Remove All buttons respectively Add new sections Click the B New button The section editor dialog appears You can use it to enter or draw section dimensions and reinforcement bars Finally you sho
5. Exit if no changes The entire drawing is generated automatically based on data in the input tables All bars and shear links are numbered automatically and their shapes dimensions lengths and counts are calculated as well This is performed according to Eurocode detailing requirements as described above in this manual You can view and modify the drawing inside Design Expert and then export it directly to ZWCAD or AutoCAD 37 7 198x135 17 5 T2 5 37 1 1968x135 17 5 12 5 37 7 1998 135 17 5 2 5 4 8N16x295 4 8N16x295 4 8N16x295 1 41 E ER 21 A cTp 808 17 29 V 280 2 4N162880 5 8 8 17 22 V 8 4N16x330 5 cTp 808 17 22 V 280 2 4N162680 8 4N16x330 8 4N16x330 20 8 155 17 5 12 5 N N tog 2068x105 17 5 82 20 8 155 17 5 12 5 m 5 22 54 42 tog 20 8 105 17 5 20 8 155 17 5 12 5 2 4N162880 7 8 10 2 5 47 105 1808x155 25 12 5 N N N N 18 8 105 25 12 18 8 105 25 1 K1 K2 K3 1 8N25x350 D 8N25x350 1 8N25x350 2 22 1808x105 25 1 9 78 10 0 78 10 er 00 00 Z Page 19 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing
6. Characteristic and design values for material properties are predefined in tables Concrete compressive and tensile strengths are additionally multiplied by the sustained loading 088 ct 1 00 factors Occ and They should be defined separately the respective fields since they are not included in the table values Material tables You can open the material tables by clicking the button A dialog containing both concrete and reinforcement tables appears on screen You can modify values add and remove rows by clicking the and buttons respectively Finally you should press Save to save changes and close the dialog If you want to discard changes press Exit and you will return to the main window Material tables are common for the whole computer Any changes you make will reflect all Design Expert modules and input files Material data to Eurocode Concrete Design Expert includes the following concrete grades according to EN 1992 1 1 Table 3 1 EF STIS lt La MPa MPa MPa es Gps cas The following symbols are used in the above table concrete secant modulus of elasticity characteristic cube strength Page 7 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual fcx characteristic cylinder strength Sotk 0 05 characteristic tensile strength
7. C1 C2 etc Then you should fill two values for each column and each storey Load design axial force in the column in the respective storey kN Section the number of the selected section from the section list see Cross Sections button You can find detailed Column capacity is calculated and filled automatically by pressing the information in the Reinforcement Design chapter further in this manual Cross sections Loading cross sections into the current project Sections Before drawing columns you should create or load all cross sections that a you are going to use Then you have to assign section numbers to each No Name Ab A X column and each storey 1 R4U25 UN 1000 201 20 2292 2 25 12 1250 241 18 2821 j Sections are loaded into the Sections list located in the left panel of the main window You can insert existing sections from the RC Sections Library by clicking the button If you cannot find the necessary section in the library you can create a new one Click the button to open the section editor and draw the new section Click the button to open the selected section for editing Use the 2 button to remove the selected sections from the list It does not actually delete the sections from the disk They remain in the library and you can find and insert them again later The numbers of the removed sections are also removed from the column table
8. 5 Working With 5 5 5 5 luigi 7 777 2 22 6 Working with tables c T 6 BUA Aae o TT m 6 Material RENTE Dmm 7 7 Material dota to Ste NEM eee eee 7 Number of columns and StOreyS csccccccscsceccccscsceccccscscsccccecscsceccecscscescccecsceseececscssescecscuceseececscesess 8 SCONCE Oa caste Tm 8 EQ AGS Ene n e o EE T T E TETTE 9 Ve Ea HEN UR UOS Gu RUE FUR TUS RU 9 Loading cross sections into the current project ccccccscsccccccscsccccccscnceccccscsceccccecscsceccecscsceseesecscesess 9 Assign sections to COIUIMING cscecsccscsceccccscsceccccecscsceccecscscescececnceccececsceceececscecescecscsceseecececesessececes 10 RC Sections Library RETE EU m e iinei 10 Load and unload sections E 11 Add neW 61d 8 seamen eee 11 Sep Hm 11 BINNEN 11 alude TET T 11 Drawing NEW SECTIONS 3 ensi E SENI
9. Links table During the input the program shows the current link shape on the drawing Links can be closed or opened For closed links you should fill the number of the first bar P1 once again in the C column Alternatively you can draw shear links graphically Press the Draw button and click consequently near each bar located at a bend Click the right mouse button or press Enter to finish You will receive a question Close link If you answer Yes the link will be closed otherwise it will remain open The link is drawn automatically around the specified bars with the required bends and hooks Check section You can verify whether the section complies with code requirements for the specified ductility class There are three possible ductility classes in Eurocode 8 Low DCL Medium DCM and High DCH The required ductility class can be selected in the Settings dialog If your element is not intended to take seismic loads you can select DCL The program checks section dimensions reinforcement ratio min and max bar spacing min and max link spacing distance between link bends minimal diameters for bars and links concrete cover etc If some of these criteria is not satisfied you will see a warning message on the screen Detailed list of Eurocode requirements included into the program is provided bellow Page 13 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns
10. V Automatic X cm ante 10 1 1570 820 2 1570 820 18 3 1570 820 4 1570 820 5 520 820 j 520 82 Shear Links 1 2 3 4 Xbends 4 v daz 2 9 5 6 839 Number 222 28 Open file C Users NED AppData Local Design Expert ColSections R40x25 10N18 sec End of file Command v 9 6 16 1 GRID SNAP ORTHO OSNAP Settings Before you start you can check and modify the reinforcement detailing settings by clicking the cc button See the Settings chapter further in this manual Section shape and dimensions Select the shape from the toolbar O 5 L 2 lt 1 Enter dimensions as shown on the respective pictures and click the Enter button The following dimensions are required for each shape y y h hf bf If you have a general section you should enter the coordinates of the outline points You have two possible input methods tabular and graphical e Tabular input Enter the coordinates X and Y for each point in the table and click Enter If the Automatic option is selected main reinforcement and shear links are also created e Graphical input Click the button Draw the section by clicking with the left mouse button on the drawing see Working with Design Expert CAD Environment You can also import sections directly from a ZWCAD AutoCAD drawing by using the 1 button Sections should be closed polylines After clicking the button you will be prompted to
11. added to or removed from the input tables Existing data is reordered if necessary to fit the new table sizes Geometrty data Geometry data table is activated by pressing the button in the main toolbar Column labels should be defined in the first row e g C1 C2 etc Then three rows have to be be entered for each storey hat storey height measured between T O C of the lower slab and T O C of upper slab cm upper slab thickness cm hpm beam depth cm If you have several beams with different depths enter the larger one If there no beams e g flat slab leave the cell empty or enter 0 Foundation data is entered at the bottom of the table T O C top of concrete m and foundation height cm If height is greater than zero the program will automatically add starter bars for each column Sometimes you can have equal columns in the drawing In this case you can draw only one of them and Page 8 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual specify the total count of the identical columns in the last row You can use copy paste to quickly distribute the information to other columns in the table and speed up the input For more information see Working with tables Loads and sections Loads and sections table is activated with the 5 button Column labels defined in the first row e g
12. buttons on the main toolbar 3 il FT Use the text fields and tables inside each page to enter data Working with tables Most of the input data is entered in tables You can use the following commands to work with all tables inside the program e Insert new row press Ins key or button When you go to the end of the last row and press Enter a new row opens automatically e Delete last row press Backspace or button Some tables are with fixed dimensions and you cannot add or remove rows Move current focus with one cell press arrow keys lt T gt Move the focus to first or the last row press Page Up Page Down Home End e Edit current cell contents press F2 or just start typing an input box is opened automatically e Finish cell edit press Enter or arrow key the input box is closed and changes are stored into the cell e Cancel cell edit press Esc the input box is closed and changes are discarded The original contents remains in the current cell e Delete cell contents press Del the contents of all selected cells is cleared e Select a range of cells the first method is to use the keyboard select the first cell hold Shift and press arrow keys or Page Up Page Down Home End to move to the cell at the other corner of the area Alternatively you can click with the mouse at the first corner hold Shift and click at the opposite corner e Cop
13. pick a polyline in the current ZWCAD AutoCAD drawing Page 12 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Main bars You have to enter coordinates X Y and diameter d optional for each bar There are two ways to enter bar data e Tabular input Enter the coordinates in the table Before that you can enter total bar count in the text field on the right If the Automatic option is selected bars are distributed evenly along the section perimeter each time you change the number of bars e Graphical input Press the Draw button Then click bar positions in the drawing with the left mouse button Click the right button or press Enter to finish The program automatically maintains the concrete cover and moves the bars inside if necessary That allows you to pick points at concrete edge and get the bars inside at the right positions All bars are created with the default diameter It is defined in the respective field on the right If there are bars with different diameters you can enter the values in the d mm column in the table Shear links Each shear link is defined by the corresponding bar numbers at the bends P1 P4 By default you can specify 2 to 4 bars If you need more complex links you can increase the maximum number of bends up to 6 or 8 in the respective field on the right You can fill the numbers of bars in the Shear
14. storey is represented by a separate cell in the table containing cross section drawing main bars and shear links Main bars can be shown separately for each column or total for the whole storey Bill of materials Bill of materials BOM includes weight of reinforcement kg total and by bar size as well as concrete volume m and formwork area Bending schedule Bending schedule includes information about diameter length count shape and dimensions for each bar mark You can select between two styles of scheduling Standard and BS8666 The standard style includes drawings with dimensions for for each bar mark BS8666 style is according to British Standard BS8666 2005 Page 18 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Each bar shape is represented by shape code and all dimensions A B C etc are filled in a table Bars are not drawn except for shape code 99 External CAD You can export the drawing to different CAD systems You have to select the preferred system ZWCAD or AutoCAD in the combo box See Export to AutoCAD and ZWCAD further in this manual Reinforcement Drawing You can draw the reinforcement automatically by clicking the RT button The button is enabled only at Columns Side View and Align page After that you will see the settings dialog Make the necessary changes as decribed above and click or
15. with 5 probability of failure fcd Yc design compressive strength ct fotk 0 05 Yc design tensile strength compressive strain at maximum stress for parabolic linear stress strain Ecy2 ultimate compressive strain at concrete edge Design values for compressive and tensile strengths in the table are determined for partial safety factor 1 5 They still do not include acc and factors which should be defined additionally Some countries use Occ 0 85 and is usually equal to 1 0 You should look for these values in your national annex document Reinforcement Design Expert includes the following reinforcement steel grades E The following symbols are used in the table Name S aa GPa MPa MPa design modulus of elasticity 220 200 191 2201 0 01 8220 200 191 2201 0011 design yield strength BA20 characteristic yield strength B460 200 400 460 0 01 design ultimate strain Number of columns and storeys With Column Expert you can draw multiple columns at multiple storeys at a time All input data is defined in tables Before you start you should define number of columns and number of storeys in order to size the tables Press the button in the main toolbar A dialog appears where you can enter both numbers in the respective fields Then press Save to finish and return to the main window The necessary columns and rows are
16. 8 is applied Drawing scale You can set different scales for elevations and sections Specify text size in millimetres as it should appear in the printouts Actual text size on the screen is automatically calculated according to the scale You can also select different drawing units mm cm or m Page 17 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Concrete cover This setting will apply only to new sections Existing sections are not automatically modified each time you change the concrete cover You should enter the distance between concrete surface and surface of reinforcement It is possible to specify different values for main bars and shear links In this case bar positions are determined using the greater value of cover to bars and cover to links link diameter In any case the covers should not be less than bar diameter 10 mm If this is not satisfied the program automatically applies the necessary corrections Detailing of bars You can select whether bars should continue straight or shifted to allow easier installation of the upper reinforcement The shift is equal to twice of bar diameter If a bar goes outside the upper column it is shifted to fit inside regardless this option Sometimes it is more appropriate to stop such bars at the current floor and provide additional starter bars This is controlled by the Max shift distan
17. All other sections are automatically renumbered You H8x35 20 2800 628 22 6 01 can quickly create different versions of existing sections using the button The current section is opened for editing first Make the necessary changes and save the section with a different name The new section is added to the list unlike the gt button which replaces the current section That is how you can quickly make several sections with equal shape and dimensions but different reinforcement You can select single or multiple sections in the list by clicking with the left mouse button or pressing the arrow keys while holding Shift and Ctrl When you click a section you can see a small drawing bellow the list Section numbers are automatically assigned by the program Section names are entered by user You can see additional data for each section in the list as follows Ap area of concrete cm area of main reinforcement cm 9 reinforcement ratio 96 N section capacity for axial force kN N Ac feg Page 9 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Section capacity is provided for information only It does not include initial imperfections nominal eccentricities and second order effects It is greater than the respective column capacity and cannot be used for direct verification It can only help you to find the appropriate se
18. N Software Package Design Expert version 2 7 Structural Design and Detailing to Eurocode Column Expert Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual x Eurocode EC2 v 407 2510 lt E 1908 95 25 10 19 N 1 1928x40 25 10 300 l 1 D T 90810 02 1908 40 25 10 14 T 1 508 T du __ 60805 EEES R an H EA s L A 285 2 6014x375 1 4014x320 EL ee as Tl B I 1H e M E 1 IL I 11 I L ILL EF T T 411 11 13 1 4014x320 2 4014x375 8 2014x375 St I I rLI I T1 PEL ae LENS ERIS HER PSI ESI RS DR 2308 145 25 10 3 OY Aj 2308x40 25 10 5 00 Fail mel e g c1 amp oc Xk ND Window second corner 461 1 28 3 Select objects Selected objects 0 v 627 0 1994 2eTecreq oplecra 0 oplecra3 All rights reserved 2014 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS About the program sa ROCA Cine reta d quU 4 WU WOEKS
19. N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Maximum spacing between shear links bo 2 bo 3 centers in critical zones 0 6 5 9 5 3 4 175 mm 125 mm 5 4 3 2 2 11 a 5 5 3 2 2 12 b Maximum spacing between shear links b 4 100 mm centers along bar laps elma 5 6 3 3 Area of one shear reinforcement leg in A S d w 50 fya fyaw the zone of bar lapping 5 6 3 4 Anchorage length inside concrete 10dbw i 5 6 1 2 hc 1 5hc hc la 6 la 6 Critical zone length 9 5 3 4 450 mm 600 mm lo 44 5 4 3 2 2 4 5 5 3 2 2 4 lo 44 2 lo Ads 1 According to 9 5 3 6 the maximum distance from free bar to bar with shear link is 150 mm This will be always provided if spacing between legs of shear links is 3B00 mm This is more conservative than the Eurocode requirement 2 In order to simplify the detailing critical zone and lap zone are merged at the bottom of the column and relevant length and link spacing is used The additional Ads is according to EN 1992 1 1 8 7 4 2 1 for shear reinforcement at distance of 4d after the end of compression bars lapping List of symbols main reinforcement diameter design yield strength for main reinforcement design yield strength for shear reinforcement bc column section width the smaller dimension hc column section height
20. an stretch the program window beforehand in order to fit the drawing tightly in the window without white spaces Page 23 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Print screen You can send the screen view directly to the printer by pressing the button or typing the PRINT command A setup dialog appears on screen Select the required printer device from the list You can change paper size and orientation as well as other options by clicking the O Cancel button Press the Print button to finish Printer Settings Microsoft XPS Document Writer ci Modify objects Block editing mode vs free mode Graphics in Design Expert are represented by basic objects like lines polylines circles texts dimensions etc They are grouped in blocks in order to form more complex objects like reinforcement bars sections or entire elements Each block is attached to one or more grips that are displayed as small blue boxes By default the drawing is locked and you can move only entire blocks using the respective grips This is called block mode You cannot modify separate objects within blocks If you want to do that you have to unlock the drawing first Locking and unlocking is performed by clicking the respective buttons amp Select Selection is a way to determine which objects should be affected by a certain command Y
21. button a or type MOVE Then enter first and second point and press Enter or click the right mouse button 1 Rotate Rotates the selected objects around a center and with angle defined by user Click the button or type ROTATE Then enter first and second point and press Enter or click the right mouse button The first point defines the center of rotation and the second 2 is for the angle The angle is measured between the line and the X axis 1 P d counterclockwise You can also enter the exact value of the angle using polar x coordinate input format Type lt 0 1 in the command line instead of clicking the second point where a should be the rotation angle in degrees Scale Scales the selected objects with a center and scale factor defined by user Click the button or type SCALE Then enter first and second point and press Enter or click the right mouse button The first point represents the center of transformation Scale factor is defined as the distance between the first and the second point Alternatively you can type the scale factor in the command line instead of entering a second point vA Mirror Mirrors the selected objects about a line defined by user Click the button or type MIRROR Then enter first and second point and press Enter or click the right mouse button Stretch When the drawing is unlocked you can stretch separate objects like points lines polylines dimensions circles polygons and texts
22. by dragging with the mouse Select the object and click on a point end middle or center point to catch it Then move the cursor to a new location and second click to release it Texts are selected and moved using their base points displayed as small circles If you stretch a line polyline or polygon and you hold shift before the second click you will insert a new vertex When the drawing is locked then you work in block editing mode You can move entire blocks by stretching the respective grips First you have to select a grip by clicking with the mouse Then click again on the grip to catch it move it to the new location and click to release it Copy Creates one or multiple copies of the selected objects using one of the available transformations s move f rotate AlN scale or mirror Click the button or type the COPY command Select objects and press Enter or click the right mouse button A settings dialog appears on screen Select method of transformation using the icons on the top number of repetitions and method of pointing Page 25 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual e First second click two points that define the distance between Replicate two canceriitive objects Trangfomaation e First last click two points that define the distance between the Repettons 1 first and the last object All other
23. ce Bars that require greater shift than the max value are stopped and the others are shifted Additional starters are provided for all bars in the upper column that cannot be lapped with bars in the lower column Bar lapping is calculated automatically to Eurocode depending on concrete grade reinforcement grade diameter etc You can overwrite the default lapping by specifying your own value Click the checkbox and set your own value relative to the diameter Link spacing is calculated automatically according to Eurocode max spacing requirements Links are automatically condensed along the lapping zone and critical zone Critical zone height is determined automatically See Detailing requirements to Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 8 for details You can overwrite link spacing outside the lapping and critical zones Click the checkbox and enter your own value in cm If you select the No condensation option all links will have equal spacing except for the lapping zone Detailing of links You can select angle of hooks to be 45 or 90 and shape of single links gt Drawing There are two ways draw columns detailed views with elevations and sections or table view Detailed views are suitable in all cases especially when you have complicated geometry with different sections at different storeys or axis shift Table view is more compact and it is convenient when you have straight columns with simple geometry Each column on each
24. ceeding further to reinforcement drawing you should define the detailing settings You can select different options in respect to reinforcement detailing drawing scale and drawing layout Click the button to view the settings dialog You can specify the following settings Ductility class Concrete cover Drawing Scale To Links 25 cm Detailed View And Section For Drawing M1 j400 To Bars 25 cm 2 Table With Detail For Sections 1 200 E Show Main Bars Detailing of Links 2 9 mm Links angle 45 390 Storey Total Each Column Drawing Units cm v Single o gt aa Bill of Quantities Detailing of bars 3 Bendnig Schedule Bar Shifting Bar Lapping B Standard i BS8666 Tension Reinforcement E Rounding Compr Reinforcement Bar Dimensions 10 cm Overwrite Bar Lengths 50 7 EU C Bar Lapping 400 ia Shifted C Straight Links Spacing Max shift 5 cm Condensation External CAD ZWCAD E Ductility class Detailing requirements for different ductility classes are included The program automatically applies the requirements for the selected ductility class during the detailing process You should select one of the following possible values from the combo box DCL DCM or DCH For more information see Detailing requirements to Eurocode 2 and Eurocode 8 above If you need to design to Eurocode 2 only select DCL Otherwise Eurocode
25. crete 20 25 fcd 13 3 MPa Storey Column Reinforcement Symbol 51 3 h st cm 285 285 Bars fyd 435 M Pa h pl cm 20 20 h bm cm 92 cm 285 285 h pl cm 20 20 alpha cc 0 85 alpha ct 1 00 h bm cm Sections 9 1 cm m ES gt gt h pl cm No Name Ab h bm an dE CC L5 Found m R E 0N 1000 n 20 2797 h f cm 60 60 Count columns Working with files Column Expert has its own file format which is used to save program data permanently on a disk Input file extension is col Results are stored into col html files Open a file Click the Lar button to open a file from the disk A standard file selection dialog appears on screen Browse for the file using the mouse or type file path and name and click Open Save a file Click the button to save a file to the disk A standard file selection dialog appears on screen Select the destination folder and file name If file already exists you will be prompted to overwrite or change the name You can save with a different name directly by clicking the small arrow next to the button Then select Save as from the drop down menu Page 5 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Input data Input data is divided into several pages for convenience You can switch between pages by clicking the respective
26. ctions more easily Column capacities are calculated when you start the design Assign sections to columns Sections are assigned the Column Loads and Sections table You can open the table with the 34 button from the main toolbar You should fill the section number in the row Section for each column and each storey The number should correspond to one of the sections in the list on the left You can quickly assign a section to multiple columns and storeys at a time as follows Select a range of cells in the table Double click the required section in the list or select the section and click the button RC Sections Library Design Expert allows you to build a library of sections with different dimensions and reinforcement and use them multiple times Each time you create a new section it is automatically stored in the library You can open the library with the button above the section list RC Sections Library Section Library E 25x25 4N14 E 25x40 8N16 25x40 8N18 25x40 8N20 E 25x40 8N22 2 RA0x25 10N14 E C100x60x25 34N20 E R40x25 10N21 XL50x50x25 16N16 E R40x25 12N1 E L60x60x25 28N22 40 30 L60x60x25 28N22 d R40x30_R90 I 050 8N14 E R40x40 050 10 12 1 R40x40 8N16 S I 50 10 14 E 40 40 12 16 R160x160 72N32 RA0x40 12N1 IE R25x25 RAO0x40 12N2 0 R25x50 40 40 12 22 E R30x25 8016 EJ R40x40 16N 1 4 Lm Filter from fram
27. d follow some standard formats as described below Coordinates can be absolute or relative to the previous point Input format Example Description ture 10 5 15 Values are defined in global coordinate system Oxy Relative 925 35 Relative distances 25 35 to the previous point along X and Y respectively a L lt 45 100 Distance d 100 is measured to the previous point at 45 angle from X axis L 50 Distance of 50 to the previous point measured towards mouse cursor Press Enter or Space after you enter the coordinates in the command line If you want to enter points with the mouse you have to move the cursor to the required location and click with the left mouse button You can see the current coordinates of the cursor in the status bar located at the bottom of the main window You can use several precision tools that can help you to get the exact coordinates when clicking GRID shows a uniform grid of dots over the working area of the drawing e SNAP rounds the coordinates to a specified step along X and Y ORTHO orthogonal drawing mode Current point is aligned to horizontal or vertical line with the previous point depending on the mouse position e OSNAP gets the coordinates of an existing point in the drawing when you move the mouse or click over it closer than a specified range If several points are located within the range the closest one is returned When a point is snapped an x mark appear
28. e to enter two points at the opposite corners of the window Z ZOOM OUT zooms the screen view out with one step Pan You can move the screen view at preferred direction in order to see other parts of the drawing If you have a three button mouse you can use the middle button to pan Press and hold the middle button drag it to the new location and release the button When you press the button the cursor changes to and when you release it the old cursor is restored back Alternatively you can use the 5 RTPAN command It requires two points to define the length and the direction of movement towards the second point Since RTPAN is a command like any other you have to finish the previous command before that Unlike RTPAN the middle button method can be used transparently inside any command without interrupting it Copy screen You can copy the screen view to the clipboard any time and insert it into other programs using Paste command or Ctrl V You can use the following commands for coping COPYBITMAP copies the screen image as Bitmap COPYMETAFILE copies the screen image as Metafile Bitmap is a raster format file that stores information about colors of separate pixels Metafile is a vector format file that stores coordinates of graphical objects The boundaries of the copied image match the boundaries of the program window Only objects that are visible on the screen will appear in the image For best results you c
29. efined column dimensions bar diameters and counts Most of Eurocode detailing provisions like reinforcement ratios anchoring splice lengths bar and link spacing critical zone lengths etc are included in this software They are applied automatically during the detailing process Drafting The drawing is created firstly in Design Expert internal graphical editor where you can review and modify Then you can export it directly to ZWCAD or AutoCAD or save a script file for AutoCAD LT The software generates bill of materials for both steel and concrete and reinforcement bending schedule The reinforcement output is compatible to Design Expert Plug in module for reinforcement detailing and scheduling with AutoCAD or ZWCAD Page 4 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual How it works The software includes standard graphical user interface for Windows You can enter commands either by clicking buttons on the main toolbar or by typing commands in the command line located at bottom Detailed descriptions of all commands are provided further in this manual If you hold the mouse over a button a tooltip appears with short description for the respective command Column Expert 2 7 3 Sra 4 eo 9 ra go 0 4 EE f m 48 09 0 oy 3 38 Eurocode EC2 EC8 Materials Columns Dimensions Con
30. endine CGC E 18 Page 2 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Suig hs p 19 BReintorcement Drawing UN SUE 19 Working with Design Expert graphical environment ecce e eee eee nennen enne nune 20 5 20 How toenter CANTO TTE TEE 20 Etude COMM ING ce OT 20 Undo wrong action 21 Redo a command that has been 21 Points and coordinates MN EO Om 22 Manage the screen view cscscscsccscsceccccscsceccccecncsccccscscsceececscnceccececuceceececscesescecscucescececucesescecscesess 23 SONA Ws s 23 WIRE 23 olia e 23 ISTE E 24 Modify TED Tm 24 Block editing mode vs free ModE 24 ele EEEE ee ee 24 DEE Geen rene E ee ee eee eee 24 BRICK UT 24 m 25 ASIE RN EU 25 GE
31. ign procedure inside Column Expert Check the selected sections Before you proceed to drawing you can check if the selected sections provide sufficient capacity to take the column loads First you should go to the Column Loads and Sections table Assign section numbers to all columns Then press the 2 button or the arrow v right and Check Using Current Sections submenu The program calculates the capacities of all columns and fills them into the table If the column load is greater than the respective capacity the cell is painted in red otherwise it is painted in green That provides a clear view of all columns that fail and you can assign stronger sections to them Automatic reinforcement selection v button and select the Automatic Reinforcement Selection submenu Columns are first checked for the selected sections For those that fail new sections with the same dimensions but different reinforcement are automatically assigned That requires several versions of each Click the arrow next to the section to be preliminary loaded in the sections list You can keep dimensions and bar positions equal for all sections and change only the diameters If several sections are suitable for a single column the one with minimum reinforcement is selected Automatic section selection v button and select the Automatic Section Selection submenu Columns are first checked for the selected sections For those
32. liases and short descriptions is provided in the table below You can find detailed descriptions of all commands further in this manual Wm emn ZWCAD CAD Export the current drawing to AutoCAD ZWCAD AUTOCAD COPY CP CO Replicate the selected objects by moving rotating mirroring or scaling COPYBITMAP Copy the current drawing as Bitmap to system clipboard where it is COPYBMP available to paste in other programs COPYMETAFILE CM Copy the current drawing as Metafile COPYWMF DELETE E D DEL Delete selected objects from both screen and memory ERASE 4 DESELECTALL DE DESEL Deselect all objects DESELECT EN DISTANCE DI DIST Measure distance and angle between points B EXIT QUIT Close the program and exit Page 20 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual puo m 2 pue djwmmoR vr selected objects about a line defined by wo poins Dew 0000000 loren Jo tietommea jomwo or 7 drafting mode onandof fose fos umobecsmpmodeonandof RD 0 8 RO the selected objects about a specified center point and ange S curentdatatoafileonthedsk 7 SCRIPT Save a script file scr
33. objects will be distributed evenly Pick Points between them First Second x COOP ur u 1 2 r i met aa One by one click base point first Then you have to enter separate points to define the location of each object independently e Coping is not available for some objects in some modules Export to ZWCAD or AutoCAD You can export the drawing directly to ZWCAD or AutoCAD by clicking the iv PN button from the main toolbar It is always the same button but the icon is different depending on the selected External CAD option in the settings dialog If you click the arrow w next to the button you can select other CAD system from the drop down menu Supported versions are ZWCAD 2012 to 2015 and AutoCAD 2004 to 2015 If there is an instance of ZWCAD or AutoCAD already running the drawing is sent to the active document Otherwise a new session is opened Alternatively you can type one of the following commands ZWCAD AutoCAD or just CAD The drawing is exported as simple polylines texts dimensions lines circles and hatches There are no blocks or any other complex objects so it is easy to be modified with the standard AutoCAD commands Current text and dimension styles are used If you use templates the drawing will look as any of your other drawings For best results you have to define Text Placement to be Over the Dimension Line Without a Leader in the dimension style setting
34. of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Working with Design Expert graphical environment All drawings are generated in the internal Design Expert graphical environment first There you can view modify and align objects before exporting them to ZWCAD or AutoCAD The graphical environment includes a basic set of commands for drawing and editing Commands How to enter commands You can use several ways to enter a command in this program e into the command line the short version command alias e Press button on the toolbar ooX XEB amp Q ases eecE M Command 202 2 25 3 GRID SNAP ORTHO OSNAP Alternatively instead of typing you can select the command from a drop down list by clicking the small arrow right to the command line Some commands may require you to select objects or enter coordinates You should watch the prompt on the left side of the command line Press enter or right mouse button to complete a command that is running You can cancel a command prematurely by pressing Esc or right mouse button Commands generate various output including error or warning messages results and general information intended for the user You can find it in the output window just above the command line You can start the previous command by pressing Enter or Space key instead of typing it again or pressing a button List of commands A list of all available commands including icons a
35. ou can select objects either before or after the command There are several ways to select objects Single click on the object outline with the left mouse button The outline should intersect the cursor selection box amp If there are no object at the specified point the program automatically continues to window selection mode Window you have to enter two points at the opposite corners of a window If you draw the window from left to right all objects that fit entirely inside are selected If you draw the window from right to left all objects that intersect or fit inside the window are selected The window is displayed with solid line in the first case and dashed line in the second e All selects all visible and unlocked objects Click the button or type SELECTALL to start the command Selected objects are redrawn in red Deselect Deselection is performed in the same way as selection but additionally you should hold the Shift button Alternatively you can click an object with the right mouse button In order to deselect all objects press Esc click the button or type DESELECTALL Delete Click the button or type DELETE All selected objects are erased both from screen and memory Page 24 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Move Moves the selected objects along a vector defined by two points Click the P
36. s Objects are distributed in separate layers If the required layers do not exist they are created automatically Reinforcement output is compatible to Design Expert Plug in module You can use it to additionally modify and schedule the reinforcement bars For versions not supported by the direct output you can create AutoCAD command script files Click the arrow next to the button and select Save script file scr Enter file path and name and click Save Then you can load the saved script into ZWCAD and AutoCAD using the SCRIPT command or menu Tools Run Script Page 26 of 26
37. s on the screen It is always the same symbol regardless the point type You can switch on and off the precision tools using the respective buttons on the status bar or by typing the respective commands in the command line Page 22 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Manage the screen view The drawing is located in the model space and it is defined in global coordinate system Oxy Then it is projected to the screen to certain scale You can see only a part of the model space that is visible within the program window We will call this screen view You can scale and move the screen view over the drawing using ZOOM and PAN commands That is how you can work with different parts of the drawing as necessary Zoom in and out If you have a wheel mouse you can zoom in and out by rotating the wheel forward and backward The center of the transformation the point that does not move is assumed to be the current position of the cursor You can move quickly to different parts of the drawing by positioning the cursor at different locations and zooming in and out Also you can use some additional commands as follows e ZOOM IN zooms in the screen view with one step e ZOOM LIMITS zooms the screen view so that all visible objects fit inside the screen CE ZOOM WINDOW zooms the screen view in a user defined window When you start the command you hav
38. that fail new sections with both different dimensions and different reinforcement are selected Click the arrow next the 5 Calculation report You can print a detailed calculation report including results and input data for materials cross sections and dimensions Click the l button and you will open the report for preview It is enabled when you activate the Columns Loads and Sections table Also you should have already performed design calculations The program generates an html file and opens it with Internet Explorer Page 16 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual View and Align Columns The next step after design is to review column geometry and align column centers Click the button The program loads the graphical environment and draws side views of all columns including dimensions and levels By default column centers on each storey are aligned in height to a vertical line You can move the column on each storey to left and right using the respective grip El Select the grip with the mouse first Then use grip stretch or move commands see Working with Design Expert graphical Environment The value of the eccentricity e is also displayed in the drawing The program do not include these eccentricities in the design calculations automatically You should check these columns additionally using PMM Expert Settings Before pro
39. the larger dimension bo width of confined core inside shear reinforcement shear reinforcement diameter la clear storey height lo lap length for main bars Save You should save the section to the disk in order to use it 5 further Click the button You will see a dialog showing eae general information about the section and results from ead M OK code compliance checks Enter section name Do not Feinforcement 1 23 4 include any file path or file extension A good section Section conform to code requirements for DCL name should provide information about shape Section name dimensions and reinforcement That will make easier to 25 25 6814 BS use it further Page 15 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Results Reinforcement design Eurocode design basis Column Expert uses the PMM Expert module internally to design columns It takes into account the axial load initial imperfections nominal eccentricity and second order effects You can find detailed description of the design procedure in the PMM Expert manual The design performed inside Column Expert is only valid for axially loaded columns If there are considerable moments or axial shift of columns between storeys you should make additional checks using PMM Expert There are three ways to use the reinforcement des
40. uld save the section to a file in the library Edit Select the section you are going to edit and press gt It is loaded into the section editor You can modify dimensions and reinforcement and save the changes Delete Select the sections to be removed and click 9 Delete You will be prompted for confirmation and after that the selected sections will be permanently erased from the disk Filter If you have too many sections in the library it is difficult to find the necessary ones Then you can use filtering by one or several of the following criteria B section width cm height cm bars total count of bars bar diameter mm ratio reinforcement ratio 96 Select the required criteria specify the from to margins and press On to activate the filter To deactivate press Off If you change some of the criteria you should press On and Off again to reactivate the filter Page 11 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Drawing new sections You can create new sections and modify existing ones using the internal section editor as described below z Design Expert CAD Drawing Of Cross Section R40x25 10N18 I 1 S RAH SAHA Section Dimensions v Draw y 25 cm 40 x i h n Enter Main Bars
41. with AutoCAD commands needed to create the current drawing in AutoCAD A ALL Select all objects in the drawing that are not hidden or locked SELALL C pue The following commands are available only in the cross section editor Mm Check design code requirements for the section i LINK Draw shear links ua OPTIONS OP OPT Display settings dialog Undo wrong action or command Click the 3 button or type the UNDO command It cancels the results from the last command and recovers the previous drawing state You can undo only one step back If you need to go back further use the other commands to recover the original drawing state Redo a command that has been undone Click the 3 button or type the REDO command Page 21 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual It repeats the last command in case it has been accidently undone REDO must follow the UNDO command immediately before any other command Otherwise the command cannot be recovered Points and coordinates input Design Expert has its own CAD environment where you can create and modify drawings Some commands require the user to enter coordinates of points You can do this by clicking with the mouse in the drawing window or by typing the coordinates in the command line Typing input shoul
42. y the contents of the selected cells press Ctrl C e Paste into the selected cells press Ctrl V You can copy from and paste to the same or other tables as well as external programs like Word Excel etc If you try to paste a range of cells which area is greater than the area of the destination cells you will receive a warning This is necessary to avoid unwanted data overwriting Design code Design Expert is compatible to Eurocodes mainly EN 1992 1 1 and EN 1998 1 1 It is applicable to most countries as far as you can define your own material properties partial safety factors loads and some other important parameters Detailed description of all design methods and formulas used in this program is provided further in this manual Page 6 of 26 N Column Expert v 2 7 2014 Design and detailing of reinforced concrete columns User Manual Materials Material and section properties are entered in the first page of the program It is active at startup by default If you have moved to another Matenals Concrete C20 25 EJ fcd 13 3 MPa Reinforcement Symbol Bars 500 fyd 435 MPa page you can always go back with the button You have to enter concrete grade 20 25 and steel grades for main 8500 and shear 8500 reinforcement Also you can specify a Links B500 fywd 435 MPa Strength Reduction Factors symbol N ect to be used for bar labelling in the drawings

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