Detailed Tutorial Version 3
Contents
1. Sir ATE ORN VERSITY COLLEGE E N GNIAR G DR SHUGUANG LI AND ASSOCIATES INTERACTIVE GROUNDWATER MODELING IGW TUTORIALS Dr Shuguang Li and Associates at Michigan State University IGW Tutorials for Version 3 Copyright 2002 by Dr Shuguang Li and Associates at Michigan State University All rights reserved Dr Shuguang Li and Associates makes no warranties either express or implied regarding the program IGW and its fitness for any particular purpose or the validity of the information contained in this document The inputs and outputs described herein do not necessarily represent actual field conditions they are only used to illustrate the capabilities of IGW Authors Kyle Paulson Dr Shuguang Li DOCUMENT VERSION 2002 4 LAST REVISED April 9 2002 http www eer msu edu lishu TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 CHAPTER 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 CHAPTER 4 4 1 4 2 CHAPTER 5 5 1 CHAPTER 6 6 1 CHAPTER 7 7 1 CHAPTER 8 8 1 8 2 8 3 8 4 CHAPTER 9 9 1 CHAPTER 10 10 1 10 2 10 3 CHAPTER 11 11 1 11 2 11 3 CHAPTER 12 12 1 12 2 STARTING AND EXPLORING IGW STARTING IGW GETTING TO KNOW IGW COMMENTS SETTING UP A MODEL IMPORTING A BASEMAP CONCEPTUALIZING THE CROSS SECTION DEFINING A ZONE AND ITS ATTRIBUTES ADDING WATER BODY SOURCES AND SINKS ADDING A WELL OBTAINING A SOLUTION DISCRETIZI2. Step 8 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 9 Click the Reset Particle Clock button to reset the clock CHAPTER 10 MODELING CONCENTRATION PLUME MIGRATION Instead of modeling contaminants as particles we can model them as a plume The following sections will help you set up a contamination plume 10 1 MODELING A CONTINUOUS CONCENTRATION SOURCE The following steps show you how to set up a continuous concentration source in the model Step 1 Create a new zone where contamination might be located Autoshop using the Create new zone and assign property button 22 Step 2 Access the newly created zone in the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME Step 3 Click on the Sources and Sinks tab in the right hand side pane to get to that layer Step 4 In the Source Concentration area select the Const Conc Constant Concentration box Step 5 Enter a value in the Const Conc field 100 ppm Step 6 Click the Apply button Solutions for concentration plumes are very dependent on the grid size and the time step They may become unstable at too coarse a grid resolution or too large a time step You should increase the resolution of the grid and or decrease the time step if your solution does in fact become unstable H 17 Step 7 Click the Convert the Model into a numerical model
3. window appears Step 9 Click on the Stochastic Model tab The Stochastic Model layer appears Step 10 Select Monte Carlo Simulations Step 11 Click the button next to Monte Carlo Simulations The Monte Carlo Simulation window appears Step 12 Click the Stop when reached box Step 13 Enter a value into the Number of the Realizations field 10 30 There are a number of options and parameters to set when using Monte Carlo simulations However an in depth discussion is beyond the scope of this tutorial For more information refer to the IGW User s Manual Step 14 Click the OK button Step 15 Click the OK button in the Solver window Step 16 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize HH the model Notice that the Working Area Attribute Display WAAD now displays information indicating which realization is currently being modeled The model is now set to run a Monte Carlo Simulation 18 3 SETTING UP TO MONITOR MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS Step 1 Access the AIME Step 2 Select the monitoring well that was defined in Chapter 11 you will need to click the Scatter Point Attributes button to return to the previous view Click the Monitoring Probability Distribution box in the Monitoring Well area which is in the Well Type area Step 2 Click the Apply button Step 3 Click the Con
4. Stop the simulation by clicking the Stop button D 8 3 INITIALIZING THE PARTICLES Step 1 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location 8 4 INITIALIZING THE CLOCK Step 1 Click the Reset Particle Clock button to reset the clock The time elapsed clock in the Working Area Attribute Display WAAD returns to 0 days CHAPTER 9 REFINING THE MODEL DISPERSIVITY This chapter shows you how to perform particle tracking in the presence of dispersivity 9 1 ADDING DISPERSIVITY TO THE MODEL The following steps walk you through adding dispersivity to the model and viewing the results in terms of the particle paths Step 1 In the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME access the parent zone the one that encompasses the entire area over which the model solution applies 16 Step 2 Select the Local Dispersivity box on the Physi Chemical Properties layer in the Attribute Input pane Step 3 Enter values for the longitudinal Long 5 and transverse Trans 1 dispersivities Step 4 Click the Apply button Step 5 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the model Step 6 Click the Forward button to solve the model Notice any differences in the particle movement that changing the dispersivity values has caused Step 7 Stop the simulation by clicking the Stop button
5. Clock button Next we want to close profile model window Step 7 Close the Profile Model X window This turns off visualization of the profile model but does not delete it altogether This allows you to get the best view of the working area and maximize computational power while allowing you to re open the profile model at a later time 21 IGW allows you to formulate profile models that do not follow the grid orientation Also IGW treats cross sections in such a way that they do not have to be drawn along streamlines The profile view in IGW 3 is an actual model in and of itself and when representing the cross section any net cross flow into the profile slice is treated as recharge for the profile model thus maintaining an accurate representation Profile models can also be viewed in a non linear fashion Instead of double clicking on the second point when defining a profile model simply keep defining the cross section by single clicking on points in any desired direction Now when you solve the model this entire defined section is projected into a two dimensional window and appears as a simple cross section Currently IGW does not indicate any three dimensional attributes in the profile model window so if you define a complex cross section keep in mind what it is you are actually viewing CHAPTER 14 REFINING THE MODEL STRATIGRAPHY 14 1 REFINING THE STRATIGRAPHY These steps take you through the p
6. Sources and Sinks tab h Select the Const Rech Constant Recharge box i Change to the desired units inch year j Enter a value 10 k Click the Apply button Remember to click this button after entering any new values At this point feel free to explore the AIME but do not enter any more values as you have not been provided with enough information Steps 3a 3h were designed in part to show you how to input characteristics for model features You may now move the AIME out of the way of the main window to make it easier to continue work on the model The surface elevation is not trivial It is important in unconfined aquifer situations where the top elevation is set equal to the surface elevation in viewing the stratigraphy in a cross section and in determining the value of some other parameters such as leakances 3 4 ADDING WATER BODY SOURCES AND SINKS Next we will focus on adding water body type sources and sinks to the model Step 1 Click the Create New Arbitrary Zone and Assign Property button you will not need to click it if it is still selected from previous use The cursor is now initialized to add zones in the Working Area Step 2 In the Working Area click the pointer on any edge of the feature Columbia River you wish to define If you are not using a basemap simply click anywhere to begin defining an arbitrary feature Click the mouse at another location o
7. a model is to know its associated real world characteristics Let us begin with the plan view location Most of the work in defining model features will be done in the Working Area so let us first import a picture to use as a basemap in defining our model features Step 1 Select the Set Basemap and Register a Basemap button This brings up Model Scale Basemap window Step 2 Click the Load Basemap button Nn This brings up the Open window Browse to the location that your basemap is located Currently IGW supports BMP GIF JPG SHP and DXF file types 7 Truck Shop RCO Boemg Al BP Food Mart Dean Bramon Lehert Hot If you open a BMP GIF or JPEG file the Vectorization of Raster Pictures window appears go to Step 3 If you open a SHP or DXF file proceed with the tutorial immediately following Step 4 these files do not need to be vectorized Step 3 Set the origin coordinates and the image lengths corresponding to the real world At a minimum you should set the XLength 6 as the horizontal distance that the basemap covers in the real world Note First change the units and then input the numerical value When you change units IGW automatically converts the existing numerical value into the new units Getting in this habit will prevent input errors when inputting data into IGW Also after changing units be sure to delete all numbers from the
8. button to discretize the model Notice a plume appears inside the newly defined zone Step 8 Click the Forward button to solve the model Notice how plume spreads from the source Also notice that you can model particles the ones added Chapter 8 and plumes simultaneously Step 9 Stop the simulation by clicking the Stop button 10 2 INITIALIZING THE PLUME Step 1 Click the Initializing Plume button If at anytime this does not do anything then you will need to discretize the model The plume returns to its original location 10 3 INITIALIZING THE CONCENTRATION CLOCK Step 1 Click the Reset Conc Clock button The time elapsed clock at the bottom of main screen returns to 0 days If not you have to initialize the flow clock and or the particle clock You must also separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 8 and reset the clock with respect to them Step 2 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 3 Click the Reset Particle Clock button CHAPTER 11 UTILIZING A MONITORING WELL This chapter shows you how to add and observe a monitoring well 11 1 ADDING A MONITORING WELL Monitoring wells are useful to examine the concentration of a contaminant at a point of interest Step 1 Click the Add Well button The cursor is now initialized to add w
9. in the IGW User s Manual Step 1 Access the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME Step 2 Select a zone that corresponds to a Prescribed Head body of water Columbia River Step 3 Click on the Sources and Sinks tab in the Attribute Input pane to access that level Step 4 In the Prescribed Head area select the spot next to the disabled Transient button Step 5 Click the newly enabled Transient button The Trend window appears Here you can adjust the nominal value for the head the periodic function that describes head transients and any randomness associated with the head values You can explore these values seen here but at a minimum you need to set the nominal head equal to value that you had assigned for the Constant Head Step 6 Click the Edit button next to the data points field The Trend Data window appears Notice the default head is set to 4 m Step 7 Click on the 4 that corresponds to time 0 Step 8 In the Value field enter your number 3 Step 9 Click the Update button Step 10 Click on the 4 that corresponds to time 360 Step 11 In the Value field enter your number 3 Step 12 Click the Update button Step 13 Click the OK button You return to the Trend window Step 14 Click the Redraw button The function displayed in the lower half of the Trend window now updates to reflect the nominal value 3 as
10. menu bar Step 1 Click the Close button when you are finished with the Tip of the day window The entire Main Window is now completely visible The upper left hand portion of the window is a button palette This palette provides you with one click access to the most commonly used features in IGW Step 2 Place the cursor over the upper most left most button i A bubble box briefly appears near the cursor with the words Create a New Model in it This bubble box is informing you as to the functionality of the button Bubble boxes are available for all active buttons on the palette The cursor is now initialized to provide help with any button on the palette A question mark appears as part of the cursor next to the arrow Step 3 Click on the Help button Step 4 Click on any button A help window appears It provides an explanation of the selected button s functionality Step 5 Close the help window when finished Step 6 Bring the cursor out of help mode by clicking on the Reset toolbar buttons state button Use this button at any time to reset the cursor For more in depth explanation of button functions and subsequent implementation refer to the IGW User s Manual The remainder of the left hand portion of the window is the Step Adjustment and Time Display Interface SATDI The SATDI provides you with quick access to computational and display adjustments The time
11. no flow boundary because the aquifer pinches off and the east and west boundaries are no flow boundaries because of the regional flow direction Once you have determined your boundaries you can proceed to Step 1 Step 1 Click the Create New Arbitrary Zone as Assign Property button The cursor is now initialized to add zones in the working area Step 2 Create a zone that corresponds to your pre determined boundaries the entire working area A zone is created by selecting points cyclically around the area you wish to enclose as the zone Click the mouse at a location on the zone boundary Move to another location and repeat When you have finished double click the mouse Note You can easily define a rectangle by holding down the shift key before clicking the mouse on the first point and then simply moving the cursor to the opposite end of the rectangle and clicking the mouse again A zone is now defined that covers the entire area of the model screen This zone will be referred to as the parent zone The edges of the zone will now appear red in the model screen This indicates that the zone is currently being accessed Step 3 Assign attributes for the newly defined zone Hit the ctrl key to toggle to the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME Alternately drag the window from the lower right hand corner of the Windows screen and into the middle The ctrl key toggling action will occasiona
12. profile model created in Chapter 13 Step 3 Press the delete key The Delete Object window appears Step 4 Click the OK button The profile model is removed from the Working Area You should delete any other profile models using the same procedure as above Step 5 Click the Select Submodel Area button The cursor is now initialized to select submodels Step 6 Click on the submodel created in Section 15 1 Step 7 Press the delete key The Delete Object window appears Step 8 Click the OK button The submodel is removed from the Working Area You should delete any other submodels using the same procedure At this point you should also delete the concentration plume Step 9 Click the Select a Zone button The cursor is now initialized to select a zone Step 10 Click on the concentration plume created in Chapter 10 Step 11 Press the Delete key The Delete Object window appears Step 12 Click the OK button The zone is removed from the Working Area You should delete any other concentration plumes using the same procedure You must also separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 8 and reset the clock with respect to them Step 13 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 14 Click the Reset Particle Clock button CHAPTER 16 MODELING MULTIPLE SCENARIOS Often times i
13. the green line the periodic transients as the blue line the random fluctuations as the yellow line and the overall transient response as the red line Step 15 Click the OK button Step 16 Click the Apply button Now you should solve the model in steady state to provide some initial conditions for the transient simulation Step 17 Click the Forward button to solve the model g oO The presence of particles makes the model continue translating the particles but you want to stop it be switching to transient conditions Step 18 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation Step 19 Click the Set Simulation Time Parameters button eas The Simulation Time Parameters window appears Step 20 Select Transient State Step 21 Click the OK button 1 Step 22 Click the Forward button to solve the model You can now see the head contours and velocity vectors and hence the particle motion change with time 2 Step 23 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation D Step 24 Click the Set Simulation Time Parameters button 6 The Simulation Time Parameters window appears Step 25 Select Steady State Step 26 Click the OK button Step 27 Access the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME Step 28 Select the zone that corresponds to the Prescribed Head body of water Columbia River Step 29 C
14. NG THE MODEL SOLVING THE MODEL EXPLORING THE CURSOR ACTIVATED TABLE THE CAT 12 12 EXPLORING THE ATTRIBUTE INPUT AND MODEL EXPLORE WINDOW THE AIME OPTIMIZING THE DISPLAY CHANGING DISPLAY OPTIONS TRACKING PARTICLES FORWARD PARTICLE TRACKING BACKWARD PARTICLE TRACKING INITIALIZING THE PARTICLES INITIALIZING THE CLOCK REFINING THE MODEL DISPERSIVITY ADDING DISPERSIVITY TO THE MODEL MODELING CONTAMINANTS MODELING A CONTINUOUS CONCENTRATION SOURCE INITIALIZING THE PLUME INITIALIZING THE CONCENTRATION CLOCK UTILIZING A MONITORING WELL ADDING A MONITORING WELL OBSERVING THE MONITORING WELL EXPLORING THE TPS UTILIZING MASS BALANCES SETTING UP AN AREA FOR MASS BALANCE OBSERVING THE MASS BALANCE 13 13 15 15 17 17 17 17 18 19 19 20 20 20 20 22 22 22 23 24 24 24 CHAPTER 13 VIEWING CROSS SECTIONS 25 13 1 DEFINING AND VIEWING THE DESIRED PROFILE VIEW 25 CHAPTER 14 REFINING THE MODEL STRATIGRAPHY 27 14 1 REFINING THE STRATIGRAPHY 27 CHAPTER 15 SUBMODELING 29 15 1 ADDING SOLVING AND EXPLORING A SUBMODEL 29 15 2 DELETING PROFILE MODELS AND SUBMODELS 29 CHAPTER 16 MODELING MULTIPLE SCENARIOS 31 16 1 SETTING UP MULTIPLE MODELS 31 CHAPTER 17 SIMULATING TRANSIENT CONDITIONS 33 17 1 CHANGING SIMULATION TIME PARAMETERS AND SOLVING 33 CHAPTER 18 STOCHASTIC MODELING 35 18 1 ADDING HETEROGENEITY TO THE AQUIFER 35 18 2
15. SETTING UP MONTE CARLO STOCHASTIC MODELING 35 18 3 SETTING UP TO MONITOR MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS 36 18 4 OPTIMIZING THE DISPLAY FOR MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS 37 18 5 RUNNING THE MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS 37 18 6 VIEWING MONITORING WELL GRAPHICS 37 CHAPTER 19 UTILIZING GRAPHICS OPTIONS 38 19 1 SAVING THE MODEL 38 19 2 SAVING THE DISPLAY AS A PICTURE 38 CHAPTER 20 CONCLUSION 39 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This tutorial is designed to step you through some of the basic features of the IGW software This tutorial is designed to be used with version 3 of the software You will get the most out of this tutorial if you work the sections sequentially and complete all of the sections within a chapter at the same sitting It is recommended that you use the suggested values for each step in the tutorial The suggested values and other appropriate comments appear in bracketed blue text Using the suggested values will walk you through a calibrated real world example thus providing results that are intuitive and instructional You should consult the IGW User s Manual for more in depth information concerning program implementation and function For detailed information concerning technical content of the model 1 mathematics and theory please consult the IGW Reference Manual not yet available as of 4 9 2002 CHAPTER 2 STARTING AND EXPLORING IGW This chapter will show you how to start the software and will give you an overview of the sof
16. Velocity Draw Option window appears Step 8 Click the Color button The Color window is now open Step 9 Click a blue color or any other that you feel will be effective then click OK You return to the Velocity Draw Option window Step 10 Click the OK button You return to the Draw Option window Notice the Set Visualization Sequence top to bottom area This area shows the order of display for the model screen In some cases it may be helpful to adjust these settings or to remove non essential elements It is left to you to experiment with these settings Step 11 Click the OK button You return to the model screen and the drawing updates have taken effect If the settings lt have not taken effect simply click the refresh button CHAPTER 8 PARTICLE TRACKING This chapter will show you how to track some particles in the model 8 1 FORWARD PARTICLE TRACKING The following steps will show how to track a collection of discrete particles Step 1 Click the Add Particles Inside a Polygon button BS The cursor is now initialized to add particles Step 2 Trace some areas Boeing and Cascade using the same methodology as in Section 3 4 to define contamination plumes For each area defined you will be prompted with the Particles window Here you should define how many columns of particles you want to include in your area number proporti
17. Well button oO The cursor is now initialized to add well features to the model Step 2 Select a point in the model where a well might be located and click the mouse at that point Add a well at the circle between North and South Lake A well feature now appears at that point Step 3 Access the AIME to assign attributes for the newly defined well a Make sure that Pumping Well is selected in the Well Type area b In the Flow Rate area select Constant Change the unit field menu to the desired units GPM gallons minute d Enter a value in the Constant Q field 80 Negative values indicate water being withdrawn from the well e Enter a new name in the Well Name field Middle Well f Click the Apply button Repeat Step 2 and Step 3 for the circle to the right of North Lake Use the same values Name it East Well CHAPTER 4 OBTAINING A SOLUTION This chapter will walk you through the basic procedures for solving a model in IGW 41 DISCRETIZING THE MODEL Discretizing the model turns the conceptual model into a numerical model that the computer will solve Step 1 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the HH model This sets up a default grid not visible by default that covers the working area The grid size is determined by taking a default value of sections in the x direction 40 and then determin
18. ater It is more reliable to delete items by highlighting them the Working Area and pressing the Delete key There is a bug in the software that sometimes will not let you delete items from within the AIME The software engineers are investigating this problem CHAPTER 7 OPTIMIZING THE DISPLAY This chapter will walk you through the basic procedures for optimizing the working area display 7 1 CHANGING DISPLAY OPTIONS Some features may be difficult to discern especially with a basemap in the screen The following steps show you how to change display options in the model screen Step 1 Click the Set Drawing Options button LJ The Draw Option window appears Step 2 In the Flow and Transport Visualization area click the button to the right of Head The Draw Option Head window appears Step 3 Click the Color button The Color window is now open Step 4 Click on a yellow color or any other that you feel will be effective then click OK You return to the Draw Option Head window and you can see that the color is now set to yellow or your chosen color Step 5 Enter 2 or any other that you feel will be effective in the Thickness field Step 6 Click OK You return to the Draw Option window Step 7 In the Flow and Transport Visualization area click the button to the right of Velocity The
19. ells in the model screen 18 Step 2 Place the cursor downstream of the plume created in Chapter 10 to the right of South Lake and click the mouse button Step 3 Access the newly defined well in the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME Step 4 In the Well Type area select Monitoring Well it is in disabled text by default Step 5 Type Monitoring Well in the Well Name field Step 6 Click the Apply button Step 7 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the HH model 11 2 OBSERVING THE MONITORING WELL You could tell by watching the simulation whether or not the plume passes through the monitoring well However it is much more useful to observe the concentrations experienced in the observation well Step 1 In the Time Process Selector TPS located in the upper right hand corner of the Main Window double click on Time Process under Monitoring Well This opens up a window entitled Time Process at Monitoring Well Step 2 Select Concentration Step 3 Click the Forward button to solve the model You can now view the concentration in the monitoring well as the simulation runs Step 4 Click the Stop button to solve the model You may close the window at any time after stopping the simulation Step 5 Click the Initializing Plume button to initialize the plume Step 6 Click the Reset Conc C
20. er to Visualize area select the parameter you would like to see You have the option of visualizing the head the conductivity or the concentration at this well Step 2 Select CDF to view the cumulative density function You also have the option of viewing other statistics and changing refining the graphical display Feel free to explore this window more CHAPTER 19 SAVING OPTIONS 19 1 SAVING THE MODEL It is often necessary to save a particular model for future use or to prevent data loss Step 1 Open the File menu and select Save Model The Save As window appears Step 2 Surf to the location you would like to save the file Step 3 Type in a name Step 4 Click the Save button The model is now saved in its present state Note IGW saves its files as ASCII text files 19 2 SAVING THE DISPLAY AS A PICTURE It is sometimes desirable to save the program model screen for use in presentations or reports This section will show you how to do that Step 1 Select the File menu Step 2 Select Export Picture on this menu Step 3 Select the file type from the cascading sub menu Note IGW only supports BMP Step 4 Select a location and file name and press the Save button The program saves the picture for your future use Pressing the Print Screen button on the keyboard also saves the current screen in the Windows clipboard You can subsequently edit the picture with a variety of
21. face should be influenced most by near points and less by distant points Step 8 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation You must separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 8 and plumes such as the one defined in Chapter 10 and reset the clock with respect to them Step 7 Click the Initializing Plume button to initialize the plume Step 8 Click the Reset Conc Clock button to reset the clock Step 9 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location 23 Step 10 Click the Reset Particle Clock button e CHAPTER 15 SUBMODELING This chapter will show you how to add a submodel to the model 15 1 ADDING SOLVING AND EXPLORING A SUBMODEL The following steps will direct you how to create a sub model The parent model defines the regional influence of the area of interest The sub model is a localized model that gives more detail in a specific area The sub models use the parent model solution as starting and boundary conditions Step 1 Click the Define Submodel Area button Use the cursor to define an area that surrounds area of interest Draw rectangle that includes the plume the East Well Step 2 In the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME you can change the number of horizontal and vertical sections NX and NY respectively in the sub m
22. graphics editing programs ranging from the relatively simple Paint included in Windows to powerful third party software packages such as Adobe PhotoDeluxe CHAPTER 20 CONCLUSION This tutorial was designed to move you from the realm of IGW beginner to the realm of IGW user After completing all of the sections you should have a good idea of the capabilities of the software However this tutorial is in no way exhaustive There are many more features that are not even mentioned in this document Work continues on the IGW software and all of the associated material You should consult the User s Manual and program Help file for more and information and stay alert for periodic software and documentation updates Thank you for taking the time to examine IGW We hope you find a powerful and empowering tool 33
23. he scenario it takes into account any changes in the ranges of displayed values and makes changes thus it sometimes makes the visualization change somewhat Step 11 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation Step 12 Click the Undo Creating Multiple Models button to return to the one model scenario The Warning window appears asking you if you really want to undo the multiple model scenario Step 13 Click the Yes button The Working Area features and feature attributes return to the state they were in before the multiple models were created Note This has the effect of loading a saved model so you will have to discretize the model again before taking any further steps Do this now Step 14 Step 14 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the HH model CHAPTER 17 SIMULATING TRANSIENT CONDITIONS Up to now we have been simulating a steady state model This chapter shows you how to run a simulation in transient state 17 1 CHANGING SIMULATION TIME PARAMETERS AND SOLVING This section will show you how to switch the model from steady state to transient state You need to add a transient stress to the model The following steps show you how to add transient features to a pre existing Prescribed Head body of water Of course there are a myriad number of other transient stresses that can exist and more information about adding such features can be found
24. ical composition of the model site The cross section associated with Figure 53 1 1 can be seen in Figure 53 2 1 Cross section At a minimum we would like to know the aquifer properties top and bottom elevations hydraulic conductivity and the existence of sources and sinks and associated characteristics From Figure S3 2 1 we are given layer elevations some layer properties and source and sink properties Notice also the General Regional Flow direction This will help us determine the extent of our model This information allows us to accurately model the aquifer of interest In this case we are modeling the Sandstone Aquifer as seen in Figure S3 2 1 Stage 3 m j A 10 m E Stage 3 5 A 10m Bottom 40 m PUNCE AD a a 1 feet d ae _ Overburden 2 C4 K 30m d Sandstone 1 2 Aquifer 10 inch yr General Regional Flo hou Average Bottom Elevation Confining Layer FIGURE 53 2 1 Cross section not to scale 3 3 DEFINING A ZONE ANDITS ATTRIBUTES A good place to start in building a model is to define the zone over which the solution will apply We want to define the boundaries at places where water does not flow through said boundaries or where the head is known In this case we can use the entire plan view as the model area as the north boundary is a constant head due to the river the south boundary is a
25. ing the number of sections in the y direction based on the dimensions of the Working Area and the condition that the cells resulting from the sectioning be as close to square as possible In some cases you may want to set a specific grid size or grid characteristic Step 2 Click the Set Simulation Grid button H This brings up the Grid Option window Here you may enter the number of sections in the x direction NX The computer calculates the number of section in the y direction NY and the cell dimensions DX 11 and DY based on this number and the dimensions of the Working Area X Length Y Length higher grid resolution yields a more accurate solution but increases computational time The grid resolution is left to you as it is very dependent on the problem being solved and the speed of the computer being used to solve it Step 3 If you do not want to change the grid then click Cancel To keep any updated settings click Discretize OK The model is now ready to solve The user may subsequently change the NY value without affecting NX to deform the cells from their default square shape into an arbitrarily assigned rectangle shape There is a bug in the implementation of this feature that is currently being addressed by the software engineers 4 2 SOLVING THE MODEL Once the numerical model is set the next logical step is to solve it Continue only after you have discretized y
26. lick on the Sources and Sinks tab in the Attribute Input pane to access that level Step 30 Select Constant Head in the Prescribed Head area Step 31 Click on the Initializing Flow button to return the flow solution to the initial conditions Step 32 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the ggo model EE CHAPTER 18 STOCHASTIC MODELING When using a constant hydraulic conductivity value for modeling we have been averaging the actual conditions In reality most aquifers are heterogeneous and IGW is capable of creating this condition This variability in conductivity will affect contaminant plume distribution and create uncertainty in the results of using an average model Stochastic modeling allows the effects of heterogeneity and plume uncertainty to be quantified 18 1 ADDING HETEROGENEITY TO THE AQUIFER One method to add variability to the aquifer is to vary the conductivity at points where the conductivity is known from data Step 1 Access the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME Step 2 Click on the first scatter point under the parent zone the scatter points were added in Chapter 14 Step 3 Click the box next to Conductivity Step 4 Enter a reasonable value in the Conductivity field 25 Step 5 Repeat the above steps for the remaining scatter points the second third and fourth and use reasonable values for the conducti
27. lly become disabled if you are accessing other windows programs while using IGW To re enable the ctrl toggling option simply select Show model explore window from the Display menu Also you can right click on the AIME title bar and select Move Form Quickly from the subsequent menu to toggle the location Note If you are using a two monitor system it is very useful to put the AIME on the second display The AIME is explained in greater detail in the IGW User s Manual and is explored more in Chapter 6 Notice that the zone is highlighted in the left hand pane This corresponds to the edges of the zone being in red in the working area it is currently being accessed a Select the Conductivity box on the Physi Chemical Properties layer of the right hand side pane Change the units to the desired units m day Enter a value 30 Note when you select box can press to get a list of typical values b Select the Porosity box Enter a value 2 c Click the Aquifer Type Elevations tab to get to that layer of the right hand pane d Select the Surface Elevation box and enter a value 10 As always be sure to adjust units prior to entering the desired value Note If you use the default values you do not have to re type them e Select the Top Elevation box and enter a value 10 f Select the Bottom Elevation box and enter a value 50 g Click the
28. lock button to reset the clock You must also separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 8 and reset the clock with respect to them Step 7 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location Step 8 Click the Reset Particle Clock button 11 3 EXPLORING THE TIME PROCESS SELECTOR The TPS allows you to access any monitoring processes or features that you have defined in the AIME When you first discretize the model three fields appear in the TPS One is for wells one for polylines and one for zones Anytime you define a monitoring process for a feature in the AIME and then discretize the model you will be able to access that process in the TPS by double clicking on it All monitoring processes are viewed in their own window CHAPTER 12 UTILIZING MASS BALANCES It is often intuitive to understand the relationship between influxes and out fluxes for water or contaminants for a given area of interest 12 1 SETTING UP AN AREA FOR MASS BALANCE It is often revealing to examine the mass balance for the entire active model area Step 1 In the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME access the parent zone Step 2 In the lower right hand corner of the Attribute Input pane check the box for Perform Mass Balance Step 3 Click the Apply button Step 4 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to di
29. ly type in your preferred title for the present model state The upper right portion of the main window is called the Time Process Selector TPS From this section you can open a separate window for any previously defined time process mass balance mass flux well head well concentration etc and view the results as the model solution iterates Again it is more intuitive to explore TPS functionality with a working model so the TPS discussion is continued in Section 11 3 2 3 COMMENTS This chapter was designed to give you a brief overview of the IGW interface and help options You now have the basic skills to complete the rest of the tutorial sections While we have not explored the functionality in depth one of the powerful features of IGW is that it is very intuitive That intuitive quality helps you grasp the functionality from the logical layout of the software and the interface Thus we will rely on the intuitive nature to help you understand the functionality better The following chapters will employ that intuitive quality in a series of directed steps that will culminate in a solution to a real world problem When finished you will have solved a complex groundwater contamination problem with software you have only begun to use CHAPTER 3 SETTING UP A MODEL This chapter will walk you through the basic procedures for setting up a model in IGW 3 1 IMPORTING BASEMAP Intuitively the first step in defining
30. n the edge of the feature Move to another location and repeat When you have finished double click the mouse Try to keep the lines as close to coinciding with the edge of the feature as possible Step 3 Access the AIME to assign attributes for the newly defined zone Refer to Section 3 3 Step 3 for instructions on accessing the AIME a b d Click the Sources and Sinks tab Select the type of water body that you would like to model River Prescribed Head or Drain Model the Columbia River as a Prescribed Head water body by selecting Constant Head in the Prescribed Head area Consult the IGW User s Manual for explanations of the types Note If defining a Prescribed Head feature you will need to select Const Rech and enter a value of 0 if the feature is located in a larger zone that has a non zero recharge value This is because the Prescribed Head feature already accounts for any recharge in the area This is done automatically for other water bodies Do this Enter a value for the stage elevation or head of the feature you may need to activate the field by first selecting its parent area 3 in the Constant Value field in the Constant Head area in the Prescribed Head area Click the Apply button Step 4 Repeat Section 3 4 for other features you wish to define Follow the steps below Step 5 In the Working Area click the pointer on any edge of the n
31. ne a Profile Model button The cursor is now initialized to add a profile model in the working area Step 2 Click on a point where you would like to begin your profile view On the pre defined cross sectional view near the A Step 3 Drag the cursor to the point where you would like to stop your profile view and double click the mouse On the pre defined cross sectional view near the A A window appears titled Profile Model X where X is a number pre determined by the IGW software Step 4 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the HH model Step 5 Click the Forward button to solve the model You will now see cross sectional view that includes the stratigraphy the velocity profile continuous head representation and any model features that the cross section intercepts not including particles or contaminant plumes Step 6 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation D You must separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 8 and any plumes such as the one defined in Chapter 10 and reset the clock with respect to them R Step 7 Click the Initializing Plume button to initialize the plume Step 8 Click the Reset Conc Clock button to reset the clock Step 9 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial 55 2 location Step 10 Click the Reset Particle
32. nput pane now displays a collection of buttons also available on the button palette that can be selected to alter attributes for the model Multiple models are discussed more in Chapter 14 Step 6 Click on Layerl in the Model Explore pane The fields that appear in are not operational as IGW 3 is a one layer version and the layer attributes are determined by the aquifer definitions Step 7 Click on Zones in the Model Explore pane Nothing appears in the Attribute Input pane This is merely a placeholder in the Model Explore hierarchy All attributes for the zones need to be set individually Step 8 Click on one of the zones that is in the Zones group The Attribute Input pane now displays a multi layered section for entering information about this particular zone Notice this is where you entered data for the water body sources and sinks you defined in previous sections The Attribute Input pane will be available and will be different for every type of feature that you can define in IGW including but not limited to wells particle zones profile models sub models and line features As you work through the tutorial keep an eye on the AIME and take notice of the new features that become available as your model increases in complexity Also you can right click on the features and groups in the Model Explore pane and perform such functions as deleting them viewing attributes and reading in scatter points discussed l
33. numerical field Some numbers may be present in the field but not visible due to the number having many decimal places Again this helps prevent data errors The YLength will self calculate based upon the dimensions of the image XO and YO are coordinates for the left bottom most corner of the picture These are set to zero as the default Step 4 Click OK The Model Scale and Basemap window becomes visible again with the selected basemap as a preview Here you can also make adjustments to the scale and coordinates for the files Note If you change the YLength value the picture does not distort but the working does display the extra space as white area Step 5 Click OK The program returns to the main screen with the desired basemap as the background in the Working Area IGW also allows you to bring in multiple files of mixed formats Simply repeat the steps above to bring in another file and it automatically merges with the present basemap This means that the pictures are both visible and scaled but now become one image in the software Consequently if you import an incorrect picture or assign the wrong scale you will have to clear the entire merged basemap set With the basemap set you can now define areas and features that correspond to the map you have imported 3 2 CONCEPTUALIZING THE CROSS SECTION This is not an IGW function per se but as with all modeling we must have an understanding of the geolog
34. odel By default the nodal spacing is set to twice as dense as the parent model Leave as the default Step 3 Click the Apply button if you changed anything Step 4 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the H model A window titled with the name of the sub model just created will appear in the upper left hand corner of the monitor Step 6 Click the Forward button to solve the model IGW performs a separate solution for the sub model Notice that the plume does not disperse as quickly in the submodel Submodel solutions are more accurate due to the high grid resolution They are extremely useful for modeling near wells because concentration and head around wells change very quickly in a spatial sense and a fine grid is needed to accurately model these situations Submodels are also superior for plume modeling and particle tracking Step 7 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation D As with the Working Area you can position the cursor anywhere in the sub model window to obtain data at the cursor location from the Cursor Activated Table CAT 15 2 DELETING PROFILE MODELS AND SUBMODELS The next chapter deals with multiple modeling in IGW Multiple modeling does not support profile or submodels therefore we need to delete them Step 1 Click the Select Profile Model button The cursor is now initialized to select profile models Step 2 Click on the
35. onal to concentration Enter the number in the field and click the OK button Your contamination fields are now defined in the model screen Step 3 Click the Forward button to solve the model Note Unlike all other model features you do not need to discretize the model after adding particle features Notice now that with the particles present the model solution now continuously updates at the time step indicated at the lower left of the main screen You may need to adjust this time step to see any significant changes from one time step to the next You may speed up the simulation by changing the Visual Step to a higher number This instructs the software to redraw the simulation at fewer time steps These variables are highly dependent on the problem being solved and the speed capacity of the computer running the simulation therefore this tutorial leaves it to the reader to optimize these values Setting DT to 80 and using a visual step of 4 DT will give you good visualization results Step 4 Stop the simulation by clicking the Stop button D 8 2 BACKWARD PARTICLE TRACKING The following steps show you how to backward track a plume of contaminants This is useful if you are trying to determine where some pollution came from Step 1 Click the Reverse button Watch the particles moving backwards and the time elapsed clock counting towards zero and going into th negative numbers Step 2
36. orthern lake refer to it as North Lake Click the mouse at another location on the edge of North Lake Move to another location and repeat When you have finished double click the mouse Step 6 Access the AIME to assign attributes for North Lake a b d g h Click the Sources and Sinks tab Model North Lake as a River water body by selecting the River box Enter 3 in the Constant field in the Stage area in the River area Click the Sediment Properties box in the Leakance area in the River area The River Bottom Sediment Prop window appears Change the Sediment cond K units to ft day and change the value to 0 1 Click the OK button The River Bottom Sediment Prop window closes Enter 2 in the Constant field in the River Bottom area in the River area Click the Apply button Step 7 In the Working Area click the pointer on any edge of the southern lake refer to it as South Lake Click the mouse at another location on the edge of South Lake Move to another location and repeat When you have finished double click the mouse Step 8 Repeat Step 6 for South Lake using 3 5 for the stage and 0 for the river bottom 10 3 5 ADDING A WELL A well is simply another type of source or sink The following steps illustrate how to add a pumping well to the model Step 1 Click the Add a New
37. our conceptual model Step 1 Click the Forward button By default the model is solved at steady state The model screen will now display the head contours and velocity vectors It may not appear that the small lakes are having any effect but we will show you in a later section how you can check the extent of their influence CHAPTER 5 EXPLORING THE CURSOR ACTIVATED TABLE This short chapter introduces you to the Cursor Activate Table CAT first mentioned in Section 2 2 51 THE As mentioned earlier the CAT occupies the major portion of the right hand side of the main window If you move the cursor around the working area you will notice the values in the CAT change to display those particular values that exist at the location in the model The values you see in the CAT are set by default Step 1 shows you how to change them Step 1 Click on the Choose Parameters at Cursor button The Choose Parameters at Cursor window appears From here you can select which parameters you would like displayed in the CAT The parameters are also defined in this window This is useful as the field names displayed in the CAT are truncated Step 2 Click the OK button to close the window You can also change the units for particular variables This is accomplished by selecting the arrow corresponding to the unit field you would like to modify then simply selecting the desired units from the drop down list IGW no
38. rocess of adding scatter points Scatter points allow us to add complexity to the model as they are points where specific physical characteristics are know about the aquifer or other features The zone you want to add scatter points to must be selected before adding them Step 1 Click the Select a Zone button 4 The cursor is now initialized to select zone Step 2 Click the mouse inside the parent zone but not inside any other zone The parent zone appears with red borders in the Working Area indicating that it is active Step 3 Click the Add Scatter Point button The cursor is now initialized to add scatter points into the selected zone Note even if you placed scatter points outside of the desired zone they would still be associated with the zone that was active at the time of adding the scatter points Step 4 Click the mouse at different locations in the Working Area 1 4 on the basemap Step 5 Access the first scatter point listed under the parent zone in the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME This is point 1 as referenced in Figure 14 1 1 Scatter Point Data Point Surface Bottom e a eS FIGURE S15 1 1 22 Scatter Point Data a Select the Aquifer Elevations tab to get to that layer b Click the box next to Surface Elevation Enter number 7 As shown in Figure 14 1 1 Click the box next to Ele
39. scretize the HH model 12 2 OBSERVING THE MASS BALANCE Step 1 In the Time Process Selector TPS double click on Water Balance and Plume Mass Balance for the zone used in Section 12 1 Two windows will appear Step 2 Click the Forward button to solve the model m Watch the graphical representation of the mass balances In the Water Balance window notice the flux associated with River This is the amount of water contributed from both North Lake and South Lake So as mentioned alluded to in Section 4 2 although you cannot visibly see the contributions of these lakes you can assess their impact through other IGW features Step 3 Click the Stop button to stop the simulation You may close the windows at any time after stopping the simulation Step 4 Click the Initializing Plume button to initialize the plume Step 5 Click the Reset Conc Clock button to reset the clock You must also separately initialize any particles such as those added in Chapter 8 and reset the clock with respect to them Step 7 Click the Initializing Particles button to return the particles to their initial location 20 Step 8 Click the Reset Particle Clock button CHAPTER 13 VIEWING CROSS SECTIONS This chapter shows you how to view cross sections and explains some of their attributes 13 1 DEFINING AND VIEWING THE DESIRED PROFILE VIEW Step 1 Click the Defi
40. step DT 10 by default can be adjusted using the up down buttons next to the units list field day by default The plume step particle step and visual step can be set in a similar fashion as a ratio of the DT These parameters can also be set by clicking the Set Simulation Time Parameters button This is discussed more in Chapter 11 The Flow Time Plume Time and Particle Time sections display the computational time for the flow plume and particles respectively By clicking anywhere in the SATDI and then pressing F1 you can access a more in depth explanation of the SATDI features The major portion of the right hand side of the window is occupied by what is known as the Cursor Activated Table CAT This table will display the variable values that exist in the model at any point the cursor is located It is more intuitive to explore the CAT with a working model so this discussion is expanded in Chapter 5 The middle of the main window is occupied by the Model Screen The white rectangle within the Model Screen is referred to as the Working Area This is where you define features assign attributes and obtain solutions The peach colored rectangle below the Working Area is referred to as the Working Area Attribute Display WAAD WAAD displays information concerning the flow solution and the elapsed time in the solution for each Working Area within the Model Screen You may click in the WAAD and subsequent
41. t is necessary to compare the output from different scenarios to observe how the alteration of a characteristic can affect the model IGW makes this process easy by allowing you to divide your current model into many This process is outlined in this chapter 16 1 SETTING UP MULTIPLE MODELS Step 1 Click the Creating Multiple Models button gt _ The Creating Multiple Models window appears The rectangular preview screen shows you how the new models will be spaced throughout the working area You can adjust the number of models to create by adjusting the Number of Rows and Number of Columns If you change these numbers click the Preview button to see an updated preview You can also adjust the amount of space between the models by adjusting the X Gap and fields Use the default values Step 2 Click the OK Update button The working area segments itself into the specified number of models 4 Also the grid resolution does not automatically increase with the creation of multiple models To achieve the same degree of accuracy in the solution you will have to increase the grid resolution Step 3 Click the Set Simulation Grid button The Grid Option window appears Step 4 Increase the resolution proportional to the number of models created Double the NX number Step 5 Click the Forward button to solve the model You will notice
42. that approximately the same solution was reached for each of the models there are minor discrepancies due to the alignment of the nodes and in this case differences are associated with the random fluctuations of the particles due to the dispersivity Step 6 Access the Attribute Input and Model Explore window AIME Step 7 In the AIME select the first zone listed in the Zones group in the Model Explore pane Notice the corresponding zone model becomes highlighted in the Working Area Step 8 Adjust the conductivity K 10 for this model Step 9 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the model IGW still treats the Working Area as one model When creating multiple models the software simply makes multiple copies of the existing model features in separate zones of the working area separated by 26 inactive space it then scales the working area to keep the real world dimensions of each zone consistent If the inactive space is too small compared to the grid the models will interact with each other_th negating any real world implications to be drawn from the models Step 10 Click the Forward button to solve the model You will notice that the solution for the altered model is now different than the rest Note the solutions for the other models will all be the same but may not necessarily look like they did when first solved This is because when IGW redraws t
43. tware interface If you are using the hypertext version of the help file then you have already started the software and you may continue to Section 2 2 2 1 STARTING IGW The easiest way to start the program is to use the Windows Start menu Step 1 Click on the Start button open the Programs sub menu then the Interactive Groundwater sub menu and then select IGW 3 x This assumes the software has been installed correctly You will see a splash screen with the software credits You can either wait 15 seconds for the screen to expire or click on the Press to continue button A full screen IGW window appears See Figure 2 1 1 Q Did you know Select then press lt Delete gt delete hoes the model Frequently Quertont Step by Step Tutorial Orire Help FIGURE 2 1 1 Main window for IGW 3 2 2 GETTING TO KNOW IGW The first thing you notice is the Tip of the Day Window This window gives you a new tip every time you start the software If you want to disable this function deselect the Show tips as startup box before closing the window You can also access the Frequently Asked Questions file access the hypertext version of the tutorial or open the Help file by clicking the appropriate button in this window You may also access the Help file at any time by selecting Help content from the Help menu on the main screen
44. vation Enter a number 11 As shown in Figure 14 1 1 f Click the box next to Bottom Elevation g Enter a number 51 As shown in Figure S14 1 1 Repeat Step 5a g for the second point listed point 2 the third point 3 and the fourth point 4 and so on You should only have 4 points Use the data from Figure 15 1 1 Step 4 Click the Apply button Step 5 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize the model You may notice changes in the head contours and velocity vectors You can now re open the profile model to view the updated stratigraphy Step 6 Access the AIME and select the profile model that was created in Chapter 13 Step 7 Click the box next to the disabled Visualizing Cross Section Model button Step 8 Click the Apply button Step 9 Click the Refresh button The profile model window now reappears showing the updated stratigraphy Now solve the model with the updated stratigraphy Step 10 Click the Forward button to solve the model You may notice further changes in the head contours velocity vectors and hence particle trajectories and plume migration paths When using scatter points the model interpolates the physical parameter using several different methods The default setting is the Inverse Distance Weighted IDW and is most commonly used IDW is based on the assumption that the interpolating sur
45. vert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize HH the model 18 4 OPTIMIZING THE DISPLAY FOR MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS The following steps show you how to set up the display options to display the Monte Carlo simulation information Step 1 Click the Set Drawing Options button in Step 2 In the Stochastic Visualization area select the box next to the deactivated Monte Carlo Simulation Realizations button Step 3 Click the Ok button Step 4 In the Time Process Selector TPS double click on Probability under the name of the monitoring well that was defined in Chapter 11 The Probability at Monitoring Well window will now be visible 18 5 RUNNING THE MONTE CARLO SIMULATIONS This section shows you how to run the Monte Carlo simulation and tells you what information is displayed after the simulation has finished 31 Step 1 Click the Forward button to solve the model The model will run for a certain amount of time and then will repeat 10 times By default the last four simulations are graphically displayed in the realization windows The Probability at Monitoring Well window also automatically updates as each realization completes 18 6 VIEWING MONITORING WELL GRAPHICS The following steps will show you how to view the temporal distribution of certain parameters in the Probability at Monitoring Well window Step 1 In the Select a Paramet
46. vities 35 23 37 respectively 29 Step 6 Click the Apply button Step 7 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize Hae the model 18 2 SETTING UP MONTE CARLO STOCHASTIC MODELING In the Monte Carlo simulation many possibilities of heterogeneity that share the same statistical structure are generated This feature is very useful for risk analysis and prediction purposes First we need to set the model for a set of data to statistical simulation This will be done for the K values Step 1 Access the AIME Step 2 Click on the parent zone the one with the scatter points Step 3 Click on the Interpolation Model button in the lower right hand corner The Model Explore pane changes slightly to show the models for each set of data that is variable in the set of scatter points Step 4 Select Cond gt 4 point in the Model Explore pane The Attribute Input pane changes to show the different types of models available Step 5 Select Conditional Simulation in the Interpolation Simulation area This option allows the stochastic model to generate different realizations that fit the given data points and share the same set of statistical variation Step 6 Click the Apply button Step 7 Click the Convert the Model into a Numerical Model button to discretize Ha the model Bee Step 8 Click the Solver Engine button The Solver
47. w displays these units Also there may be more variables in the CAT than are visible at a particular time To view the hidden variables simply use the scroll bar on the far right to access them CHAPTER 6 EXPLORING THE ATTRIBUTE INPUT AND MODEL EXPLORE WINDOW This short chapter will introduce in greater detail to the Attribute Input and Model Explorer window AIME 6 1 THE AIME You have been using the AIME to input values for the features that you have defined in the previous chapters The steps below guide you through some extra features of the AIME that have not been completely explained Step 1 Bring the AIME to a visible location You will notice that there are two panes The left hand pane Model Explore pane is a hierarchical visualization of the model The right hand pane Attribute Input pane is where attributes are entered for the features of the model There is also a second layer to AIME that is tabbed with the title Data Table This layer is not yet functional in IGW Also notice the Apply button You should get in the habit of clicking this button every time you input new values into the AIME The parent field in the Model Explore pane is titled Project Step 2 Click on Project The Attribute Input pane now changes to display general project attributes Step 3 Enter desired information Step 4 Click the Apply button Step 5 Click on Model in the Model Explore pane The Attribute I
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