Digital Photography Basics
Contents
1. has been major player in photo printer marketplace for over ten Years B HP and Canon have been major players in Business printer market B HP and Canon have improved technology on high end printers to catch up with Epson JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 33 Formatting Memory Card How do you erase all of the images on your memory card If you format your card by mistake the images are still on the card Formatting only eliminates the directory Computer recovery software can scan the card and recover most images Caution when throwing away a memory card you should be aware there may be images on it J KM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 34 Aperture Priority Aperture priority autoexposure B You specify aperture or f stop camera selects the shutter speed needed to produce a good exposure B Control over aperture is important as setting affects depth of field or distance over which objects in scene appear in sharp focus f you re shooting portrait for example you can select an aperture that keeps the subject sharp while blurring the background O This mode typically is Av Does your Camera have Aperture Priority JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 35 Shutter Priority Shutter priority autoexposure B you select shutter speed camera selects aperture needed to expose the picture properly B Since shutter speed determines whether moving objects appear blurry or frozen2. D OO How do you play back your Vie Can you Digitally zoom in out 3 amp dun on an image Can you display multiple images Can you Jump images How do you erase an image Play back some images Delete some images JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 30 Downloading images to a computer Connect directly to your computer via USB port Consult your Camera User Manual 1 Connect through a memory card reader which plugs into a USB Port 1 Usually what ever software you have can be set up to automatically open to extract images whenever you insert a memory card Download some images to your computer L Where did you put them Can you see them on your monitor JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 31 Metadata File Print E mail Burn Open eae Whenever you take a photo with your camera Copy Ctrl C the camera records a great deal of information Properties Alt HEnter about the photo Exit Access this data by opening the photo in Microsoft Photo Viewer and going to File gt Properties JS CRW_36354p9 Properties RW_3635 jpg Properties CRW_3635 p0 Properties xi General Security Details Previous Versions eneg Securty Details Previous Versions General Security Details Previous Versions 363906 Property Origin Authors Kent Messamore Date taken 6 27 2004 6 05 AM Camera model Canon EOS D60 Progr
3. Ll Image Sensor Size full frame or E 7 E cropped 2 B Full Frame 1 0x Wide Angle high quality and low noise advantage APS H 1 3x B APS C 1 6 Telephoto advantage 1 Resolution 6 25 mp Large bright LCD screen 2 5 3 Resolution Avg quality Best quality Ll Frame Rate how fast can the camera megapixels Em LO _ 1 Weather and dust resistance Resolution needed for print sizes gt r2 L Cost 1000 8000 JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 12 Selected area 1649240 af 397257020 autlingd bs red Resolution Resolution has two meanings W Ability to resolve pairs of fine lines an indicator of sharpness Number of pixels a camera can capture 2816 x 2112 pixels 6 mega pixel camera 1 Camera costs rise with more pixels O More Pixels means larger image files O Larger Image files require more Computer storage space m duum pem 3 m JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 13 Image Stabilization E Common cause of blurry pictures is camera shake The longer the exposure time the longer you have to hold the camera still to avoid blur Camera shake is greater problem with a telephoto lenses Image Stabilization Canon 1S or Vibration Reduction Nikon VR can enable sharper shots when you handhold camera Steadies image by fast spinning gyroscope which compensate
4. Great for snapshots eProcessing can take place in Photoshop other image software Disadvantages This processing offers after image choices as to how the Only 8 bit Pixel depth image will look Must manage processing in Camera at time of shot Can correct some photographer errors such as poor exposure Exposure Tone Curve White Balance Great for Artistic types Ansel Adams would have loved it eSome of the RAW image data is lost as image is processed Disadvantages therefore you do not have a negative master of your Must Process in Photoshop other image software image Large File Sizes eYou paid a lot of money for that image processor that is built into your camera JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 19 JPEG TIFF gt File Formats Lossy compressed file format with compression percentage selectable LZW compression available RGB 24 or 48 bits Grayscale 8 or 16 bits Indexed color to 8 bits Line art 1 bit Raw files are minimally processed data from the sensor which you convert to finished RGB images using special software on your computer A propo9sed industry standard by Adobe A nonproprietary version of raw that essentially encapsulates the raw sensor data within a TIFF data structure A few manufacturers such as Pentax and Samsung have started supporting DNG in camera Canon amp Nikon do not support RGB 24 or 48 bits Grayscale 8 or 16 bits Indexed color 1 to 8 bits Line art 1 bit
5. Supports transparency Indexed color 1 to 8 bits supports transparency Can achieve very large reductions in file size Resulting smaller files take up less drive and media space and transmit much faster Almost universally supported by imaging programs such as browsers Sorting viewing and cataloging are quick and easy In Camera shooting of JPEG allows faster loading of image into memory card resulting in faster shooting of multiple images Good for sports photography No quality loss from compression Excellent for archival storage Almost universally supported by imaging programs Highest potential image quality Depending on your raw conversion program you can make extensive changes to image parameters such as exposure white balance tone curve and sharpening Typically about one third the size of an RGB TIFF but with none of the information loss of a JPEG Image quality on par with raw You can make extensive changes to image parameters such as exposure white balance tone curve and sharpening Encapsulates side care files Supports Transparency Supports transparency Description _ mes _ Produces artifacts and causes loss of detail that may be difficult to notice at low compression ratios but gets progressively worse as compression increases Multiple compression of files results in quality loss JPEGs are finished RGB images meaning you have limited capability to alter or reverse the effects
6. of in camera settings such as white balance tone curve or sharpening Files are many times larger than even low compression JPEGs TIFFs are finished RGB images meaning you have limited capability to alter or reverse the effects of in camera settings such as white balance tone curve or sharpening Images are unfinished so they need to be converted to another format for printing and posting on the Web which is often a time consuming process Raw formats are proprietary and usually camera specific and are often not supported by image editors and other software Images are unfinished so they need to be converted to another format for printing and posting on the Web which is often a time consuming process Not yet widely supported in cameras Small set of colors supported JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 20 Color Models RGB Additive Color CMYK Subtractive Color Cink YInk G Yink MtIink R Mink Cink C Y M Brown K black Ink added JKM 915 292D08 Enhanced Images 21 Color Gamut Commission Internationale de l Eclairage CIE Green Human Eye Gam ut is like a box of crayons Printer e QUO NS Red How many crayons are in your Camera s box Magenta Blue JKM 9AD 292008 Enhanced Images 22 Camera Controls File Format amp Color Space O File Format JPEG or RAW B How do you select jpeg or RAW format I
7. of the decisions but usually allows B Setting ISO re the Sensitivity of the sensor to light allowing shoots in low light situations B White Balance adjusts for color of light e g sunny day cloudy day florescent lamp tungsten lamp B Control of Flash JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 25 Camera Controls Program Mode O How do you Zoom your camera lens O How do you turn flash on 4 Off 4 O How do you set ISO O How do you set White Balance O Take some photos indoors JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 26 Scene Modes Most P amp S Cameras have a Scene Modes that allows user some ability to control image What Scene modes do you have subject Portrait Blur background Infinity or Landscape Shows detail in foreground amp background Night Take pictures in low light speed to freeze action AIS Macro for close D es ati Night shots Open EuES Aperture Slow Shutter Speed Sports kids moving around Fast Shutter Speed JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 27 Other Scene Modes LI Sunsets 1 Foliage LI Snow LI Beach LI Fireworks L Aquarium LI Indoors JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 28 Camera Controls Scene Modes O What Scene Modes does your Camera have What are the differences between them O How do you select them O Take some photos indoors JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 29 Managing images on your camera
8. Digital Photography Basics Kent Messamore 9 5 2011 Snapshot versus Photograph Snapshot is taken without much thought Photograph composed by Photographer Photo Light Graph to write or draw JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 2 Types of Cameras O Cell Phone Not allowed Bridge O Single Lens Reflex SLR JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 3 Point amp Shoot Advantages versus Disadvantages Advantages m Easy to operate Camera adjusts setting automatically E Scene Modes to set camera controls to match situation O Disadvantages B Lens is smaller amp therefore less light To get good exposure shutter must be open longer JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images Exposure Large Aperture Medium Aperture Small Aperture f 2 f 8 f 22 The amount of light that hits the sensor Exposure is controlled by the size of the Aperture How long the shutter Is open shutter speed Another factor in Exposure is the sensitivity to light of the camera Sensor 150 LCD Screen Shutter JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 5 Quantity of Light Oh Quantity of light is an absolute It can be measured by your camera very accurately O Quantity of light is called Exposure Exposure can be controlled either Automatically in your camera or Manually O Accurate Exposure makes the difference between a good photograph and a bad ph
9. E RAWER E RAWER i RAW be RAWER be E How do you set jpeg quality size Can you select both JPEG amp RAW Color Space Adobe RGB or sRGB B to you select Color Space How many crayons are in the box RGB Color Model additive lt Graph of human eye Color Space JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 23 Ooo L Shooting Auto Mode All P amp S Cameras have Auto Mode that sets focus amp Exposure Automatically User has no control Select Auto Mode on your camera Hold Camera as if you were a tripod minimize camera shake Frame the Image Compose in view finder Zoom the Lens Zoom 1n and out to bring subject closer or further away Auto focus press shutter button halfway down B Are you too close B Is it too dark to focus Auto exposure Camera adjusts aperture amp shutter for correct amount of light onto the sensor Auto flash Flash will automatically fire in low light situations What is the indication that Flash will fire Red Eye Reduction Auto White balance adjusts for color of light e g sunny day cloudy day florescent lamp tungsten lamp Press shutter button fully down to take photo JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 24 Shooting Program Mode For Point amp Shoot Cameras this is the most common setting O Most P amp S Cameras have a Program Mode that allows user some ability to control image O Camera still makes most
10. a long telephoto lens image stabilization is worth it megapixels quality quality 20x30dn L Hxiatin 25x40in 13x17in JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images P amp S Zoom Lenses LI Most P amp S cameras identify lenses as 4X OX C These ratings are somewhat meaningless Ultra Wide 10 20 Architecture LI A better comparison is the 35 mm equivalent Wide Angle 24 35 Landscapes O The X is arrived at by dividing the maximum Normal 45 55 50mm is our eye 35 mm equivalent by the minimum e g a 35 to Medium Tele 85 135 Portraits 135 mm zoom lens would be 4X while a 35 to Telephoto 150 300 Animals 300mm would be 9X Super Tele 400 600 Small Birds Be sure to ask what the 35 mm equivalent would be Optical versus Digital Zoom Some Camera Manufacturers advertise a combined optical and Digital Zoom which is misleading E Optical Zoom is a factor of the lens This is what counts when purchasing a Camera B Digital Zoom is simply blowing up the image in the camera after the picture 1s taken JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 9 Memory Cards SD Secure Digital small size reliable and high capacity supported by a wide variety of digital cameras Has a lock tab on the card SDHC Secure Digital High Capacity look 20 just like SD Has a lock tab on the card but greater storage capacity MiniSD About half the size of an SD card Often used in s
11. ages 41 Before taking a snot ask yourself r i What 1s the story am telling What do you want viewers eyes to see Are there any distracting objects that I should exclude from the image Is anything in the scene moving What 1s 1n the background of the shot Are you close enough What 1s the main source of light should I move to another position Should I shoot Portrait or Landscape How will the eye travel through this image JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 42
12. am name Adobe Photoshop Lightroom F stop F 11 Date acquired Exposure time 1 180 sec Copyright Enhanced Images ISO speed ISO 400 be Type of file JPEG image jpg Opens with 4 Windows Photo Change Location C Users Kent Messamore Desktof Size 5 24 MB 5 498 536 bytes Du v mm Size on disk 5 24 MB 5 500 928 bytes bmi Max aperture 4 34375 Dimensions 2048 x 3072 Metering mode Center Weighted Average Created Today August 13 2010 5 minutes ago Width 2048 pixels Subject distance Modified Today August 13 2010 5 minutes ago Height pixels a sid Horizontal resolution dpi Accessed Today August 13 2010 5 minutes ago ON Seca 100 dpi 35mm focal length Image f Stop Bit depth 24 Attributes Read only Hidden Advanced a Advanced photo Shutter Speed ww Image Size e ISO Color representation Lens model Remove Properties and Personal Information Remove Properties and Personal Information JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 32 Getting Prints from your Images Retail Service B Walmart 09 CVS 19 Ritz Camera 09 etc B Cosco 13 Recommended Online Services B Flickr does not print images however they will forward your prints to Snapfish B Snapfish will send your prints for local pickup Walgreens Q Ritzpix CVS Walmart B Mpix http mpix com Recommended Your own printer B
13. in place gaining control over this exposure setting is especially important if you shoot action pictures O Shutter priority mode is usually labeled S or Tv time value on the camera s exposure dial Does your Camera have Shutter Priority JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 36 Exposure Compensation Photos taken in Aperture or Shutter Speed Priority have exposure calculated by the camera Camera doesn t always get it right L Most cameras have Exposure Compensation that allows manual over ride of the camera exposure value by a or factor Does your Camera have Exposure Compensation JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 37 Manual shooting With a point amp shoot camera Manual shooting 15 cumbersome at best O Manual exposure You specify both aperture and shutter speed to precisely control exposure Most cameras display an exposure meter that lets you know whether your picture will be properly exposed Does your Camera have Manual Exposure What is the Aperture or f stop range What is the Shutter Speed range JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 38 Shutter Release Mode Shutter release mode Many cameras offer choice of shutter release modes which controls what happens when you press the shutter button Common modes include One shot or single mode Camera records one image every time you fully depress the shutter button In other words this is normal photography mode Continu
14. mall digital cameras SanDisk 74 SanDisk Extreme N SanDisk 74 Fowered Dy CTT TTade com CompactFlash 32GB Samisk CompactFlash Larger and square shaped Wide range of capacities and speeds Cards such as Sandisk s Extreme III provide fast recording in camera and fast download to ultra your computer 85 05 The faster the more expensive it is Samisk 7 JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 10 Single Lens Reflex Cameras Amateur or Professional DSLR Compatibility with existing Lenses Interchangeable lenses This is the big advantage of DSLRS so invest in a set that you can live with a long time You will probably change bodies several times but will be locked in to your lens investment Expandability B Lens selection Canon and Nikon have the largest selection of quality lenses B Flash If you expect to use flash a lot look at the flash systems Canon amp Nikon are the market leaders and either will give you satisfaction Sony is coming on strong with its purchase of Konica and Minolta The choice is basically a budget decision Put your money into a good zoom lens wide angle to telephoto e g 35 to 135 mm or 24 to 200 mm Buying a Kit Camera Body plus lens is not always the best decision as the lens may be of low quality and you may have to replace 1t later JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 11 Single Lens Reflex Cameras
15. otograph JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 6 Exposure L Quantity of Light or Exposure Is controlled by three factors How sensitive to light is the sensor in your camera Aperture or f stop How wide is the lens opening in your camera How fast does the shutter in your camera open and close Shutter Speed 00099966 Accurate Exposure can be achieved by more than one selection of these three controls of Light JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 7 Characteristics of Digital Cameras Low end Point amp shoot B 75 500 Zoom Lens 4x to 9x 35 to 135 mm 35 to 300 mm Resolution 300 600 don t pay for more as you probably won t print greater than 8x10 print Maximum size for good prints Display size on a computer monitor CI Size of image file which in turn affects how storage space to hold the file E Don t pay for a lot of extras such as RAW format as you probably won t use them or if you do you won t be satisfied with the results Major advantages of P amp S over DSLR are small size amp quick snapshots E Make sure you get a Manual control capability aperture shutter ISO Mid range Point amp Shoot 500 to 1000 These are basically point amp shoot cameras with these differences 1 X They are easier to use like DSLRs 1 They have a manual capability that is usable L They do not have interchangeable lenses but do have great zoom lenses 1 If you have
16. ous or burst mode Press and hold shutter button down to record continuous series of images at a rapid pace The camera keeps recording pictures until you let up on the shutter button Self timer mode Press and release the shutter button and image is captured several seconds later This is the mode you use when you want to put yourself in the picture Remote control mode Some cameras enable you to trigger the shutter button with a remote control unit if so this mode sets up the camera for that option Option that controls the shutter release mode varies it may be named Drive mode Release mode or Shooting mode JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 39 SLR Camera Firing Sequence view L Set Aperture f stop and finder Shutter Speed L Press Shutter Button Half Way lens aperture Screen Lens Aperture stops down Press Shutter Button full down sensor O Mirror pops up mirror shutter JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 40 SLR Camera Firing Sequence view C Set Aperture f stop and finder Shutter Speed C Press Shutter Button Half lens Way aperture 5creen O Lens Aperture stops down O Press Shutter Button full down sensor Mirror pops up X Rear Curtain opens Front curtain opens Shutter Ej Exposure begins ITO crn L Rear curtain closes E Exposure ends Front curtain closes Mirror drops down JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Im
17. rganize your pictures B Lightroom 299 adobe com B ACDC Pro 130 acdsystems com E ThumbsPlus 50 amp Thumbsplus Pro 90 cerious com B Extensis Portfilio 200 extensis com 1 Slideshow programs most image editing programs offer slide show capabilities Proshow Gold 70 and Proshow Producer 250 are dedicated to slide shows www photodex com 1 Plug ins a plug in is a mini program that adds functions to a larger photo editing program such as Photoshop and Photoshop Elements Check out http www adobe com cfusion marketplace index cfm MARKETPLA CEIDZ2 amp OFEERINGTYPEIDZ5 amp EVENTzmarketplace categories amp c ount 2 JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 18 RAW versus PEG With JPEG the Photo Lab is in the Camera White Point is 4 gt set inside the Camera Frontier 570 JPEG Photo Lab F Pee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee eee ee Pe eBP RPE EPP RPE EE EEE u a Film Camera Digital Camera R4 Ww E M 1 RAW You E 4 0 unprocessed raw data tna E the Camera produce PhotoShop p Print E The Photographer is in full control of the process guEEEEHERHEEEHEHEHEHEHEHEHRHEHEHEEHEEHHEEHRERHREEEEHEEHEHEHRERERHEENEHEEHEHRHERHREEEEEEEERRN JPEG RAW Advantages eAdvantages eSmaller File sizes eGive 100 of image data Camera has captured eCan shoot faster Good for Action Photography 16 bit Pixel depth
18. s for vibration Can be implemented in either the Camera or the lens B Camera offers stabilization no matter what lens you have attached B n lens tailors required amount of stabilization to the specific lens Can gain two stops hand held JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 14 Picking a Camera L Download the manual from Manufacturers website Check Camera review sites B www photo net WWW dpreview com http www luminous landscape com reviewS WWNW steves digicams com WWW digitalreview ca Cameras have model changes approx every 18 months Price is high for new models JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 15 DSLR AccessorleS Add to cost O Tripod Ball Head 1 Remote Release Cable Image Stabilized Lenses O Flash Equipment Flash Pack N Power Pack L Camera Bag JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 16 Processing software Photoshop is high end Adobe com 699 Recommended Lightroom PC MAC Adobe com 299 Recommended Photoshop Elements 99 Adobe com Recommended ACDC Pro 130 Lightzone 99 95 lightcrafts com Paint Shop Pro 80 corel com Camera Manufacturers software usually free Gimp free gimp org Gimpshop free Gimp hacked to resemble Photoshop Google s Picasa free picasa google com LI LI DL EL E E E E E og JKM 9 5 2011 Enhanced Images 17 Specialty Software 1 Digital Asset Management Designed to help o
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search