Drawdio - Adafruit Learning System
Contents
1. Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 6 of 55 LM555 http adatru it c1J timer chip This integrated circuit is specifically designed for creating timers and oscillators The original LM555 needs at least 5V to run which is more than 3 1 5 batteries so we are using the 551 which can run as low as 1V It s a little more expensive but makes the whole thing fit on a pencil One of the more popular ways that 555s are used is as a astable multivibrator which is anothe way of saying an oscillator The frequency of the oscillation is set by 2 resistors and a capacitor The chip slowly feeds current into the capacitor until it is full and then likewise slowly drains it out The resistors set how fast to fill and drain the capacitor and the size of the capacitor indicates how long it takes before it fills This system is pretty much identical to Japanese water fountains as this video shows Except its all with electrons instead of water molecules and capacitor C1 is the bucket The water fountain oscillates maybe once a minute 1 60 Hz But electrons are so much faster a 555 can oscillate at thousands of Hertz which means it can make audible sound Human hearing tends to range from 20Hz to 20000 Hz f 1 44 C3 RA 2 RB C3 680 pF 0 00000000068 F RA 10000 ohms RB 300000 ohm to 1000000 ohm 1 Mohm In this case we use two resistors RA and RB but also have an open connection two tabs at2. 10K resistor Generic Brown Black Orange Gold 1 4W 5 300K resistor G Orange Black Yellow ido Gold AAA batterv holder EPD BH412 https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 15 of 55 SPK Small Bohm speaker Kobitone PS603 1 Copper foil tape 3M 1181 6 Thumbtack Any stationary store 1 Pencil Any stationary store 1 Zip Tie Any hardware store 1 Any electronics or Wire hardware store 6 Bill of Materials for v1 0 Check to make sure your kit comes with the following parts Sometimes we make mistakes so double check everything and email support adafruit com if you need replacements This is for the very old v1 0 kit its unlikely you have this one but we will leave this up for historical record Ina oam Alama PA e m gg amd gam Infaumatian FN Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 16 of 55 li nte Nanc UCSUIIPLUIUII IONA UIT wy Printed circuit board Adafruit 1 IC1 TL C551 or omina DW TLC551 voltage 555 timer chip NPN transistor EBC pinout Such as PN2222 or Q1 2N3904 PN2222 1 If you don t have this part you may have a newer v1 2 kit see above PNP transistor EBC pinout Q2 PN2907 1 Such as PN2907 or 2N3806 C1 680pF ceramic capacitor Generic 1 Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 17 of 55 C3 C2 C4 RA RB ON OFF BATT SPK 0 1uF ceramic capacitor 104 Generic 100uF 6
3. Click here to buy our entry level adjustable 30W 110V soldering iron http adafru it 180 Click here to upgrade to a Genuine Hakko FX 888 adjustable temperature soldering iron http adafru it 303 Solder You will want rosin core 60 40 solder Good solder Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 10 of 55 Adafruit Industries is a good thing Bad solder leads to bridging and cold solder joints which can be tough to find Click here to buy a spool of leaded solder recommended for beginners http adafru it 145 Click here to buy a spool of lead free solder http adafru it 734 Multimeter You will need a good quality basic multimeter that can measure voltage and continuity Click here to buy a basic multimeter http adafru it 71 Click here to buy a top of the line multimeter http adafru it 308 Click here to buy a pocket multimeter http adafru it 850 https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 11 of 55 Flush Diagonal Cutters Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 12 of 55 You will need flush diagonal cutters to trim the wires and leads off of components once you have soldered them in place Click here to buy our favorite cutters http adafru it 152 Solder Sucker Strangely enough that s the technical term for this desoldering vacuum tool Useful in cleaning up mistakes every electrical engineer has one of these on th
4. Forums Forums http adafru it torums Adafruit Industries Last Updated 2015 10 13 04 40 11 PM EDT Page 55 of 55
5. be able to hear the drawdio make noise Alligator clips You can crimp on alligator clips to the end to allow attachment to all sorts of things like fabric paper clothing anything but skin Click on the photo for a larger version Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 50 of 55 Brushes You can also use a brush We suggest paint or water with a little bit of salt dissolved in it to improve the conductivity Since the brushes have a plastic coating on the metal collar you need to wrap the copper tape around the bristles themselves as shown here Click on the photo for a larger version Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 51 of 55 Inspirational videos And some from happy amp noisy customers Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 52 of 55 Download Files for v1 1 These files are released CC Attrib Share Alike e Schematic http adafru it emr and Board layout http adafru it cms in EagleCAD format e Schematic in PNG http adafru it cmt Files for v1 0 These files are released CC Attrib Share Alike e Schematic http adafru it cmu and Board layout http adafru it cmv in EagleCAD format e Schematic in PNG http adafru it cmw Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 53 of 55 Buy Kit Buy Kit http adafru it c1 V Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 54 of 55
6. e Ridiculously fun for all ages Video The best way to see how Drawdio works is to watch a video Here are some videos from JJ Silver himself These videos are of an earlier revision so it looks a little different Credits The Drawdio kit was designed in collaboration with Jay Silver http adafru it c1l amp based on his original design http adafru it c1 G Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 4 of 55 Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 5 of 55 Design How does it work The Drawdio kit is pretty simple compared to most electronic projects We will go through it one section at a time please refer to the schematic wie f 10K i T O 2N2907 BM J ml M FI Vr 2N2 d lian ie SPRK EN Gs MLD GNOD Power supply The first part to understand is the power supply which keeps everything running The power source is a single AAA battery which is held in a plastic container that is soldered to the PCB There is also a switch S1 which can connect or disconnect the battery from the rest of the circuit Finally there is a large electrolytic capacitor C4 which is used as a bypass capacitor This means that it goes across the AAA battery and smooths out any ripples that are caused from power surges like when the drawdio makes noise The Oscillator The heart of the kit is a TLC551 chip which is a low voltage version of the famous
7. legs leads slide M thru the two metal holes in the PCB pads The capacitor will sit flat against the PCB Solder in the capacitors Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 25 of 55 Clip the leads Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 26 of 55 Next is the heart of the kit a low voltage 555 timer chip This one is called the TLC551 The important a thing to note about the chip is that it is not lll symmetric If it is put in wrong it will not work Its NEM also nearly impossible to fix if the chip goes in gi wrong so make triple sure before you solder it in a The silkscreen on the PCB has a little notch in the PI top That notch indicates where the top of the chip is If you look on the chip there is a circle dot imprinted in it on one end There s also a TI logo at that side Make sure the chip is inserted so that the top of the chip lines up with the silkscreen notch Check the photo to the left if you re not sure Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 27 of 55 Solder in all 8 pins You might want to use a piece of tape to hold the chip in place or use a spare finger if you are dexterous Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 28 of 55 Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 29 of 55 Next is the transistor amplifier Q1 which is PNP type Make sure the shape of the transistor
8. 3V capacitor If you only have one of Generic this part you may have a newer v1 2 kit see above 1 AW 5 10K resistor Generic Brown Black Orange Gold 1 4W 5 300K resistor G Orange Black Yellow isis Gold Switch If you don t have this part E Switch EG1218 you may have a newer v1 2 kit see above AAA battery holder EPD BH412 Small Bohm speaker Kobitone PS603 Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 18 of 55 Adafruit Industries Copper foil tape Thumbtack Pencil Zip Tie Wire https learn adafruit com drawdio 3M 1181 Any stationary store Any stationary store Any stationary store Any electronics or hardware store 6 Page 19 of 55 Solder it Instructions for v1 1 These instructions are for the newer v1 1 kit with a thinner PCB and slightly different components It makes minor upgrades to the kit which reduce power usage If the photos don t match up you probably have a v1 0 kit and you should follow the instructions here http adafru it c1O Lets go Make sure you have all the parts necessary Check the BOM http adafru it c1M for a list of everything in the kit These instructions are for the newer v1 1 kit with a thinner PCB and slightly different components It makes minor upgrades to the kit which reduce power usage If the photos don t match up you probably have a v1 0 kit and you should follow the instructions here
9. Yr adafruit learning system Drawdio Guide Contents Guide Contents Overview Sketching with Hardware Drawdio A pencil that lets you draw with music Video Credits Design How does it work Power supply The Oscillator Amplifier Make it Three step plan for success Preparation Tools Parts list Bill of Materials for v1 1 Bill of Materials for v1 0 oolder it Instructions for v1 1 Lets go Use it Ideas for experimentation How to use Choosing a pencil Attaching to a pencil Alligator clips Brushes Inspirational videos Download Files for v1 1 Files for v1 0 Buy Kit Forums Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio ON DOD DOD AR A H A PY Page 2 of 55 Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 3 of 55 Overview Sketching with Hardware Drawdio A pencil that lets you draw with music When first saw the Drawdio http adafru it c1G at Maker Faire knew it would be a great project for beginners A lot of fun with instant gratification Essentially its a very simple musical synthesizer that uses the conductive properties of pencil graphite http adafru it c1H to create different sounds The result is a fun toy that lets you draw musical instruments on any piece of paper e Runs on a single AAA battery for many hours even nearly dead batteries will work e Use any pencil mechanical or plain The kit comes with a 2B pencil the softer the lead the better
10. an for success This is a vey easy kit to make just go through each of these steps to build the kit 1 Tools and preparation http adafru it c1L 2 Check the parts list http adafru it c1 M 3 Assemble it http adafru it c1N Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 9 of 55 Preparation Learn how to solder with tons of tutorials http adafru it a Tk Don t forget to learn how to use your multimeter too http adafru it aOy Tools There are a few tools that are required for assembly None of these tools are included If you don t have them now would be a good time to borrow or purchase them They are very very handy whenever assembling fixing modifying electronic devices provide links to buy them but of course you should get them wherever is most convenient inexpensive Many of these parts are available in a place like Radio Shack or other higher quality DIY electronics stores Soldering iron Any entry level all in one soldering iron that you might find at your local hardware store should work As with most things in life you get what you pay for por Upgrading to a higher end soldering iron setup like 4 ER the Hakko FX 888 that we stock in our NS store http adafru it 180 will make soldering fun and easy Do not use a ColdHeat soldering iron They are not suitable for delicate electronics work and can damage the kit see here http adafru it aOo
11. eir desk Click here to buy a one http adafru it 148 Helping Third Hand With Magnifier Not absolutely necessary but will make things go much much faster and it will make soldering much easier Pick one up here http adafru it 291 Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 13 of 55 Parts list Bill of Materials for v1 1 Check to make sure your kit comes with the following parts Sometimes we make mistakes so double check everything and email support adafruit com if you need replacements Image IC1 Q1 C1 p Adafruit Industries Name Description Printed circuit board actually looks a little longer different than this one TLC551 or similar low voltage 555 timer chip PNP transistor EBC pinout Such as PN2907 or 2N3806 680pF ceramic capacitor O 1uF ceramic capacitor https learn adafruit com drawdio Information Qty Adafruit 1 TLC551 1 PN2907 1 Generic 1 Page 14 of 55 C3 Ce Adafruit Industries BATT 104 Generic 100uF 6 3V capacitor or higher Generic 1 4W 5 10 MEGAohm resistor Brown Black Blue Gold OR 1 4W 5 20 MEGAohm Generic resistor Red Black Blue Gold If you don t have this part you may have an older v1 0 kit see below 1 4W 5 10 ohm resistor Brown Black Black Gold Generic If you don t have this part you may have an older v1 0 kit see below 1 AW 5
12. http adafru it c1O Get ready by placing the PCB in a vise Heat up your soldering iron to 700deg F clean the tip and make sure your sponge is wet Lets go First thing we will place is RA a 10K resistor brown black orange gold Bend the resistor into a staple as shown and slip it Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 20 of 55 Place the resistor in the location marked RA Resistors do not have polarity which means you can put it in either way and it will work just fine Bend the wire legs out so that the resistor sits flat against the PCB Turn the PCB over Using your soldering iron tip Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 21 of 55 press and heat both the pad the silver ring around the hole and lead wire at the same time for 2 or 3 seconds Then poke the end of the solder in to create a nice solder joint Do this for both leads Using your diagonal cutters cut off the long leads just above the solder joint Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 22 of 55 Next are the other 3 resistors Start with the resistor RB This resistor has a different value 300K The stripes are Orange Black Yellow Gold Place that on the left next to ji the RB silkscreen NN j Then place R1 this is a 10 or 20 megaohmresistor The stripes are brown black blue gold or red black blue gold Make sure you do not confuse
13. https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 37 of 55 This is the more challenging way to attach the speaker but is a little more elegant looking Prepare by finding the two big pads for the speaker Now melt a ot of solder onto the two pads Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 38 of 55 Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 39 of 55 Tape or otherwise hold the speaker tabs against the blobs Now use the tip of your iron to quickly remelt the blobs so that they flow onto the speaker tabs Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 40 of 55 OK no matter which way you attached the speaker we will move to the next step Now its time to do a quick test before finishing up Place a AAA battery in the holder Slide the battery holder into the PCB but do not solder it in Make sure that the battery is aligned correctly Putting in the battery backwards shouldn t damage the circuit but it s still not a good idea so try to get it right the first time The back of the PCB has a silkscreen to help determine which way the battery goes in With the battery holder in place but again not soldered in touch both sides of the PCB A squeaking noise should come out of the speaker As you press harder softer the pitch will change That indicates the circuit is working If its not making noise try 1 Wiggle the battery holder a little to make
14. ide of a pencil and thread the zip tie through as shown and tighten it You ll want it about an inch or less from the top of the pencil The higher it is the more pencil you ll have to sharpen but it may be a little more unbalanced Next cut a 1 5 piece of copper tape using the diagonal cutters Don t use scissors as the metal tape can damage them Peel off the paper backing The copper tape is conductive sticky and flexible which makes it perfect for wrapping the pencil Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 48 of 55 Wrap the tape along the top of the pencil so that the beginning is at the silver metal tab on the PCB as shown Then take the thumbtack and gently push it into the end of the pencil You might have to twist it back amp forth a little to get it all the way in The thumbtack will grip the copper tape and also make contact with the graphite in the middle of the pencil to make the first half of the drawing sensor Next take 3 or 4 of copper tape and start wrapping around the bottom of the pencil starting with the Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 49 of 55 silver tab on the PCB and ending an inch before the end of the pencil This will make contact with your hand and provide the second half of the sensor Finally insert a battery into the kit Then grip the pencil with one hand and touch the point of the pencil to your other hand You will
15. il e Wash and lightly dry your hands to make them a little more wet than usual this will also affect the pitch e Use graphite slugs available at an art store instead of a pencil e Just hold on to both sides and try twisting and pressing to make different tones How to use The Drawdio is simple to use Simply grip the pencil in one hand so that you re making good contact with the copper tape Then draw a circle on the paper and touch it using a finger from the other hand This allows your body to act as the sensor The voltage is very low about 1 volt which is very safe As long as you stick to the single battery there are no health risks Using a copper coin between your finger and the graphite will improve the conductivity Washing your hands and then drying them will also help especially if you have drier skin or live in a dry climate Choosing a pencil The softness of the pencil lead will affect how thick the drawn lines are and thus the sound of the pencil Experiment with hard and soft leads as well as sharpening or blunting the point to see how that affects the drawdio sound Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 47 of 55 Mechanical pencils also work well However you may have to put an insulative layer like packing tape on the lower section of the pencil if the body is completely metallic Attaching to a pencil You can mount the drawdio to your pencil Place the PCB on the flat s
16. matches the silkscreen shape as shown Now bend over the transistor so its face flat against the PCB Flip over the PCB and solder it in Then clip the leads Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 30 of 55 et iy in p iru dee IR ut Adafruit Industries WOI IMAHE yINaepe Aq ub WOI Hepe ale M woo A T I I Aq ubrsep 114 OTPMe AD AAA w ae am https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 31 of 55 Next is the electrolytic capacitors C2 Electrolytic capacitors are polarized and must be placed correctly or the circuit will not work The NY longer lead is the positive one and must go into f the pad marked with a as shown Fold the capacitor down so that it lies flat against the PCB Solder them in and clip the leads Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 32 of 55 The electronic components are soldered in next it is time to attach the speaker There are two ways to go about it will show the easier version first which uses wires to attach the speaker Then will show the more elegant but difficult version where the speaker is attached directly to the PCB Use the diagonal cutters to clip off 2 2 3 pieces of wires Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 33 of 55 Next nick the insulation 1 4 from the ends of the wire and pull it off If you ha
17. sure it s making contact Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 41 of 55 2 Check that the switch is turned on 3 Check that the components are correctly placed and soldered well Re touchup the solder points in case you have cold solder joints Once you are tested and happy its time to finish up Remove the battery and place the battery holder on top of the components as shown Bend the leads a little so that it sits as tight as possible oolder in the battery holder and clip the leads short Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 42 of 55 Adafruit Industries Next you can mount the PCB to your pencil Place the PCB on the flat side of a pencil and thread the zip tie through as shown and tighten it You ll want it about an inch or less from the top of the pencil The higher it is the more pencil you ll have to sharpen but it may be a little more unbalanced https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 43 of 55 Next cut a 1 5 piece of copper tape using the diagonal cutters Don t use scissors as the metal tape can damage them Peel off the paper backing The copper tape is conductive sticky and flexible which makes it perfect for wrapping the pencil Wrap the tape along the top of the pencil so that the beginning is at the silver metal tab on the PCB as shown Then take the thumbtack and gently push it into the end of the pencil You might have to twis
18. t it back amp forth a little to get it all the way in The thumbtack will grip the copper tape and also make contact with the graphite in the middle of the pencil to make the first half of the drawing sensor Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 44 of 55 Next take 3 or 4 of copper tape and start wrapping around the bottom of the pencil starting with the silver tab on the PCB and ending an inch before the end of the pencil This will make contact with your hand and provide the second half of the sensor Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 45 of 55 oolder the copper tape to the tab directly as shown Finally insert a battery into the kit Then grip the pencil with one hand and touch the point of the pencil to your other hand You will be able to hear the drawdio make noise Next up see the user manual for ideas on how to make the most of your drawdio Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 46 of 55 Use it Ideas for experimentation e ry different kinds of paper and pencils Mechanical pencils are great but require a little more work Check drawdio com http adafru it c1G for more information e Place a copper coin like a penny on the drawing and use that to make contact with the graphite it will make the surface area larger and reduce the resistance of the drawing e Hold hands with someone and draw on their skin with the penc
19. the end of the PCB If the two tabs are shorted with a piece of wire then the frequency of the oscillation is 3500 Hz if instead there is a resistor of 1 Megaohms between the two tabs the frequency of oscillation is about 1000 Hz You can use a calculator to do the math yourself using the formula above Instead of a everyday resistor between the tabs however we use something else the conductivity of the human body and graphite The human body has a resistance similar to a 200 000 ohm resistor Graphite has resistance of about 1 ohm per inch when it s in the form of a pencil lead When it s spread out on a piece of paper the resistance goes up a lot up to a megaohm for a few inches of drawn resistor Amplifier The 551 can create audio frequency oscillations but it is not powerful enough to play them on a speaker just like an MP3 player needs an amp to play music on large speakers That s because the 551 was designed mostly for digital logic not for low impedence 8 ohm audio outputs So we will use a Class B pushpull amplfier http adafru it c1K which uses two seperate transistors to amplify the sound Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 7 of 55 This is pretty much the same thing in your stereo except your stereo has enormous transistors with gigantic heatsinks so that it can drive large speakers Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 8 of 55 Make it Three step pl
20. this with R2 which is a 10 ohm resistor Look under a bright light to tell which one has a blue stripe and which one has a black stripe If you re not sure a multimeter will help measure the resistance Finally place R2 which a 10 ohm resistor The stripes are brown black black gold Make sure Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 23 of 55 you do not confuse this with R1 which is a 10 megaohm resistor Look under a bright light to tell which one has a blue stripe and which one has a black stripe If you not sure a multimeter will help measure the resistance Check again to make sure you did not confuse H1 and R2 Really you need to look under a good light and a mistake here will be difficult to determine later Once you are positive about R1 and R2 solder in these resistors using the same technique you used for the first resistor Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 24 of 55 oops forgot to take a photo here Clip the resistors Next are the two ceramic capacitors C1 andC3 Ceramic capacitors also have a nice property that they are symmetric non polarized That means they can go in either way The capacitors are different values so make sure to not mix them up kr WE 1 C3 is a yellow 0 1uF capacitor and has a 104 dek atra marking on it C1 is the blue 680pF capacitor and Li has a 682 marking on it Place the capacitors so that the 2
21. ve wire strippers use them as they are a little easier Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 34 of 55 Next it is a good idea to tin the ends of the wires Its a little tricky because it requires holding three things However if you have a third hand tool or a vise you can use that to hold the wire while you heat up the stripped end and coat it with a little bit of solder This will make it easier to connect to the amp speaker On the opposite side of the speaker there are two solder tabs Heat them up and add a little more solder Don t spend too much time on them more than 3 4 seconds since the speaker is made of plastic and if it heats up too much it will melt Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 35 of 55 Next warm up the tabs and slide the tinned ends of wire into the melted solder pool Then remove the iron and wait a few seconds the solder pool will cool with the wire in place Do the same for the other pad Twist the wires this will reduce the strain on the solder joints when bending Put the end of each wire into the two PCB holea marked SPK and SPK Don t solder into the hole in the middle which is for the battery The speaker is symmetric so it doesnt matter which wire goes in which hole Adafruit Industries https learn adafruit com drawdio Page 36 of 55 Solder the wires into place OI im P zd n Adafruit Industries
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