OSHA 3080
Contents
1. IA KS MO NE City Center Square 1100 Main Street Suite 800 Kansas City MO 64105 Telephone 816 426 5861 Region VIII CO MT ND SD UT WY 1999 Broadway Suite 1690 Denver CO 80802 5716 Telephone 303 844 1600 Region IX American Samoa AZ CA Guam HI NV Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands 71 Stevenson Street 4th Floor San Francisco CA 94105 Telephone 415 975 4310 Region X AK ID OR WA 1111 Third Avenue Suite 715 Seattle WA 98101 3212 Telephone 206 553 5930 These states and territories operate their own OSHA approved job safety and health programs Connecticut New Jersey and New York plans cover public employees only States with approved programs must have a standard that is identical to or at least as effective as the federal standard2. Commissioner North Carolina Department of Labor 4 West Edenton Street Raleigh NC 27601 1092 919 807 2900 Administrator Department of Consumer and Business Services Occupational Safety and Health Division OR OSHA 350 Winter Street NE Room 430 Salem OR 97310 0220 503 378 3272 Secretary Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources Prudencio Rivera Martinez Building 505 Munoz Rivera Avenue Hato Rey PR 00918 787 754 2119 Director South Carolina Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation Koger Office Park Kingstree Building 110 Centerview Drive P O Box 11329 Columbia SC 29210 803 896 4300 Hand and Power Tools Commissioner Tennessee Department of Labor 710 James Robertson Parkway Nashville TN 37243 0659 615 741 2582 Commissioner Labor Commission of Utah 160 East 300 South 3rd Floor P O Box 146650 Salt Lake City UT 84114 6650 801 530 6898 Commissioner Vermont Department of Labor and Industry National Life Building Drawer 20 National Life Drive Montpelier VT 05260 3401 802 828 5098 States with Approved Plans EI OSHA Consultation Project Directory State Telephone Alabami eee Ai 205 348 3033 AIAS KA reee e EE 907 269 4957 E A 602 542 1695 E EE 501 682 4522 A A A T EAEE dnc 916 574 2555 Colorado iia 970 491 6151 COMMEG Te cd 860 566 4550 Del Wii A se 302 761 8219 District of Columbia oooococccocncconncon
3. En OSHA Area Offices Area Telephone Birmingham Al iia ide 205 731 1534 MESA TTT 334 441 6131 AMNCHOTABE AK poeier O A 907 271 5152 Phoenix AZ unan dde 602 640 2348 Little Rock AR nine a 501 324 6291 5818 San Diego T 619 557 5909 Sacramento CA varas iria 916 566 7471 IRIS e a ria cta 303 844 5285 Englewood CO iia 303 843 4500 Bridgeport CI EE 203 579 5581 Hartford CT TT 860 240 3152 Wilmington DE iia 302 573 6518 Fort Lauderdale H 954 424 0242 Jacksonville PL tol eii 904 232 2895 Tampa Fluviales 813 626 1177 Savamah GA roinnte es 912 652 4393 reng GA O 770 984 8700 MUCK Er GA EE 770 493 6644 6742 8419 A E 208 321 2960 Calumet T City IL 708 891 3800 Des Plames Mii oe 847 803 4800 Fairview Heights T 618 632 8612 North Aurora EE 630 896 8700 Peoni s 1 iria 309 671 7033 Indianapolis UN ceci iii egent deed 317 226 7290 Des Moines TA cai 515 284 4794 Wichita Kalos 316 269 6644 Frankfort Kuina dd ES 502 227 7024 Baton Rouge LA oseere enine n 225 389 0474 0431 Bangor ME is 207 941 8177 Portland ME s cs ssoccesscsssceceseeessnszenesentesersceonssenceedsssssesodeesees 207 780 3178 PRUS USE ME T 207 622 8417 Linthicum MD T 410 865 2055 2056 Braintree ETT 617 565 6924 Methuen MA 617 565 8110 Springfield MA cucnosrrcaro dai cains 413 785 0123 Lansing MI viciado easciads 517 327 0904 Minneapolis MN cortas 612 664 5460 Jackson 0 L 6
4. electric powered tools Under certain conditions even a small amount of electric current can result in fibrillation of the heart and death An electric shock also can cause the user to fall off a ladder or other elevated work surface and be injured due to the fall To protect the user from shock and burns electric tools must have a three wire cord with a ground and be plugged into a grounded receptacle be double insulated or be powered by a low voltage isolation transformer Three wire cords contain two current carrying conductors and a grounding conductor Any time an adapter is used to accommodate a two hole receptacle the adapter wire must be attached to a known ground The third prong must never be removed from the plug Double insulated tools are available that provide protection against electrical shock without third wire grounding On double insulated tools an internal layer of protective insulation completely isolates the external housing of the tool The following general practices should be followed when using electric tools e Operate electric tools within their design limitations e Use gloves and appropriate safety footwear when using electric tools e Store electric tools in a dry place when not in use Hand and Power Tools AA H e Do not use electric tools in damp or wet locations unless they are approved for that purpose e Keep work areas well lighted when operating electric tools e Ensure that co
5. moving parts e Remove all damaged portable electric tools from use and tag them Do Not Use Hand and Power Tools Guards The exposed moving parts of power tools need to be safe guarded Belts gears shafts pulleys sprockets spindles drums flywheels chains or other reciprocating rotating or moving parts of equipment must be guarded Machine guards as appropriate must be provided to protect the Operator and others from the following e Point of operation e In running nip points e Rotating parts e Flying chips and sparks Safety guards must never be removed when a tool is being used Portable circular saws having a blade greater than 2 inches 5 08 centimeters in diameter must be equipped at all times with guards An upper guard must cover the entire blade of the saw A retract able lower guard must cover the teeth of the saw except where it makes contact with the work material The lower guard must automatically return to the covering position when the tool is withdrawn from the work material Operating Controls and Switches The following hand held power tools must be equipped with a constant pressure switch or control that shuts off the power when pressure is released drills tappers fastener drivers horizontal vertical and angle grinders with wheels more than 2 inches 5 08 centimeters in diameter disc sanders with discs greater than 2 inches 5 08 centimeters belt sanders reciprocat
6. ties or hazards Grants are awarded for 1 year and may be renewed for an additional 12 month period depending on whether the grantee has performed satisfactorily OSHA expects each organization awarded a grant to develop a training and or education program that addresses a safety and health topic named by OSHA recruit workers and employers for the train ing and conduct the training Grantees are also expected to follow up with people who have been trained to find out what changes were made to reduce the hazards in their workplaces as a result of the training Each year OSHA has a national competition that is announced in the Federal Register and on the Internet at www osha slc gov Train ing sharwood sharwood html For more information on grants training and education contact the OSHA Training Institute Office of Training and Education 1555 Times Drive Des Plaines IL 60018 call 847 297 4810 or see Outreach on OSHA s website at www osha gov Electronic Information OSHA has a variety of materials and tools available on its website at www osha gov These include e Tools Expert Advisors Electronic Compliance Assistance Tools e CATs Technical Links regulations directives publications videos and other information for employers and employees OSHA s software programs and compliance assis tance tools walk you through challenging safety and health issues and common problems to find the best solutions for your workp
7. 01 965 4606 Kansas City MO sacarina 816 483 9531 Hand and Power Tools Area Telephone St Louis MO EE 314 425 4289 Billings MT iia 406 247 7494 Wale 1 8 h LEE 919 856 4770 Omaha NE iia ivi e EA ERT 402 221 3182 Carson City KE 775 885 6963 Concord NH iii eE A E EEE 603 225 1629 Avenel Nitro il E EE 732 750 3270 Hasbrouck gt T T 201 288 1700 Marlton NI cinirenen rA To E oE IEEE TERDEE R 609 757 5181 Parsippany Nicole 973 263 1003 Albuquerque WR 505 248 5302 Albany NY ee a 518 464 4338 Bayside NY T 718 279 9060 Bowmansville NN 716 684 3891 N rth Syracuse T 315 451 0808 Tarrytown A rR ei EENE RERE EE 914 524 7510 Westbury EE 516 334 3344 Bismark ND eenn e E T E EE 701 250 4521 Encina OH iaa 513 841 4132 Cleveland Oia cities 216 522 3818 Columbus QH a 614 469 5582 Toledo QOH WE 419 259 7542 Oklahoma City OK ninio anita 405 231 5351 5389 Portland OR oi oducdncshaafisaeee 503 326 2251 Allentown PA ati ii 610 776 0592 Sre EE 814 833 5758 Harrison PAS ancering iinan eeo RRE E 717 782 3902 Philadelphia TT 215 597 4955 Pittsbureh PA eeneioe nesei taa 412 395 4903 Wilkes Barre T 570 826 6538 Guaynabo PR esenee cene drun Ere ROE 787 277 1560 Providence Ta EE 401 528 4669 Colimbia Eu edo dais 803 765 5904 Nashville TN diia 615 781 5423 Ansin EE 512 916 5783 5788 Corpus Christi TX ti ote ieetesatewetiiaen aes 512 888 3420 Dallas TX T 214
8. 320 2400 2558 El Pas T 915 534 6251 Fort Worth TX esciscecssscesssccsschssseactecvescoessseveseeones 817 428 2470 485 7647 Ho ston TX TT 281 591 2438 2787 OSHA Area Offices Area Telephone Houston TN 281 286 0583 0584 5922 onbekannte 806 472 7681 7685 Salt Lake City UT oia ida 801 530 6901 Norfolk VA css danita citadas 757 441 3820 Bellevue WA ees 206 553 7520 Charleston WV cites dice cess fete betes lit da 304 347 5937 Appleton Wa 920 734 4521 Eau Claire Winston 715 832 9019 Madison Wisconsin dadas 608 264 5388 Milwaukee WI 414 297 3315 Hand and Power Tools OSHA Regional Offices Region I CT MA ME NH RI VT JFK Federal Building Room E 340 Boston MA 02203 Telephone 617 565 9860 Region II NJ NY PR VI 201 Varick Street Room 670 New York NY 10014 Telephone 212 337 2378 Region III DC DE MD PA VA WV The Curtis Center Suite 740 West 170 S Independence Mall West Philadelphia PA 19106 3309 Telephone 215 861 4900 Region IV AL FL GA KY MS NC SC TN Atlanta Federal Center 61 Forsyth Street SW Room 6T50 Atlanta GA 30303 Telephone 404 562 2300 Region V IL INS MI MN OH WD 230 South Dearborn Street Room 3244 Chicago IL 60604 Telephone 312 353 2220 Region VI AR LA MN OK TX 525 Griffin Street Room 602 Dallas TX 75202 Telephone 214 767 4731 Region VII
9. HAND ara This informational booklet is intended to provide a generic non exhaustive overview of a particular standards related topic This publication does not itself alter or determine compliance responsibilities which are set forth in OSHA standards themselves and the Occupational Safety and Health Act Moreover because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements the reader should consult current and administrative interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the courts Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced fully or partially without permission of the Federal Government Source credit is requested but not required This information will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request Voice phone 202 693 1999 For sale by the U S Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents Mail Stop SSOP Washington DC 20402 9328 ISBN 0 16 049865 1 Hand and Power Tools U S Department of Labor Elaine L Chao Secretary Occupational Safety and Health Administration John L Henshaw Assistant Secretary OSHA 3080 2002 Revised CO 0 What Is the Purpose of This Booklet 1 What Are the Hazards of Hand Tools 3 What Are
10. art up Allow the tool to come up to operating speed prior to grinding or cutting The employee should never stand in the plane of rotation of the wheel as it accelerates to full operating speed Portable grinding tools need to be equipped with safety guards to protect workers not only from the moving wheel surface but also from flying fragments in case of wheel breakage What Are the Dangers of Power Tools When using a powered grinder e Always use eye or face protection e Turn off the power when not in use e Never clamp a hand held grinder in a vise Pneumatic Tools Pneumatic tools are powered by compressed air and include chippers drills hammers and sanders There are several dangers associated with the use of pneumatic tools First and foremost is the danger of getting hit by one of the tool s attachments or by some kind of fastener the worker is using with the tool Pneumatic tools must be checked to see that the tools are fas tened securely to the air hose to prevent them from becoming disconnected A short wire or positive locking device attaching the air hose to the tool must also be used and will serve as an added safeguard If an air hose is more than 2 inch 12 7 millimeters in diameter a safety excess flow valve must be installed at the source of the air supply to reduce pressure in case of hose failure In general the same precautions should be taken with an air hose that are recommended for elect
11. ations 830 Punchbowl Street Honolulu HI 96813 808 586 8844 Commissioner Indiana Department of Labor State Office Building 402 West Washington Street Room W195 Indianapolis IN 46204 2751 317 232 2378 Commissioner Iowa Division of Labor Services 1000 E Grand Avenue Des Moines IA 50319 0209 515 281 3447 Secretary Kentucky Labor Cabinet 1049 U S Highway 127 South Suite 4 Frankfort KY 40601 502 564 3070 Commissioner Maryland Division of Labor and Industry Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation 1100 N Eutaw Street Room 613 Baltimore MD 21201 2206 410 767 2215 Director Michigan Department of Consumer and Industry Services P O Box 30004 4th Floor Law Building Lansing MI 48909 517 373 7230 States with Approved Plans Commissioner Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry 443 Lafayette Road St Paul MN 55155 4307 651 296 2342 Administrator Nevada Division of Industrial Relations 400 West King Street Carson City NV 89710 775 687 3032 Commissioner New Jersey Department of Labor John Fitch Plaza Market and Warren Streets P O Box 110 Trenten NJ 08625 0110 609 292 2975 Secretary New Mexico Environment Department 1190 St Francis Drive P O Box 26110 Santa Fe NM 87502 505 827 2850 Commissioner New York Department of Labor W Averell Harriman State Office Building 12 Room 500 Albany NY 12240 518 457 2741
12. be tagged and must be taken out of service immediately until it is properly repaired Safety precautions that must be followed when using powder actuated tools include the following e Do not use a tool in an explosive or flammable atmosphere e Inspect the tool before using it to determine that it is clean that all moving parts operate freely and that the barrel is free from obstructions and has the proper shield guard and attachments recommended by the manufacturer e Do not load the tool unless it is to be used immediately e Do not leave a loaded tool unattended especially where it would be available to unauthorized persons e Keep hands clear of the barrel end e Never point the tool at anyone Hand and Power Tools AA D When using powder actuated tools to apply fasteners several additional procedures must be followed e Do not fire fasteners into material that would allow the fasten ers to pass through to the other side e Do not drive fasteners into very hard or brittle material that might chip or splatter or make the fasteners ricochet e Always use an alignment guide when shooting fasteners into existing holes e When using a high velocity tool do not drive fasteners more than 3 inches 7 62 centimeters from an unsupported edge or corner of material such as brick or concrete e When using a high velocity tool do not place fasteners in steel any closer than gt inch 1 27 centimeters from an unsupp
13. cconnnononcnnncnonnnonnnco no EEEE E 202 541 3727 Florida ciclo ha o 813 974 9962 E 404 894 2643 ERT EE 9 1 671 475 0136 Hawaii TT 808 586 9100 Ts A O 208 426 3283 TAOS italia elec 312 814 2337 ve E E 317 232 2688 A is liada 515 281 7629 SE 785 296 7476 Kenita adas 502 564 6895 RST n TT 225 342 9601 EE 207 624 6460 Mal indi ENEE 410 880 4970 Massachusetts 20 025c ccscedsccssercedsucdeesenscedesdesnddoceoupceesesevegsdeesveess 617 727 3982 IO KEE 517 322 6823 MUNN GS Ota cocinas 651 297 2393 MISSISSIPPI sc ii laa 601 987 3981 HE e DEE 573 751 3403 Montalt is 406 444 6418 EE inci 402 471 4717 Nord ds da 702 486 9140 New Hampshire T 603 271 2024 A ETENA E E E E 609 292 3923 New MEXICO T 505 827 4230 New de seoir ardiente a newt 518 457 2238 North Carolina siii ae e Ee aet 919 807 2905 North Dakota 701 328 5188 E 614 644 2246 Oklahoma lll alaba 405 528 1500 OME OOM ada 503 378 3272 COI tons E E raar 724 357 2396 Hand and Power Tools pe r RICO TTT 787 754 2171 Rhode T Te TT 401 222 2438 South Carol A 803 734 9614 South Dakota ui ai 605 688 4101 TENE rd 615 741 7036 A E E 512 804 4640 AC VE 801 530 6901 Venecia iris cido 802 828 2765 KK EE 804 786 6359 Nun Island ak 809 772 1315 Washing tOM aii did 360 902 5638 West Viro MiA TTT 304 558 7890 KEE 608 266 8579 O A E Rh eege 307 777 7786 OSHA Consultation Project Directory
14. e lift force is applied evenly Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for safety All jacks must be lubricated regularly In addition each jack must be in spected according to the following schedule 1 for jacks used continuously or intermittently at one site inspected at least once every 6 months 2 for jacks sent out of the shop for special work inspected when sent out and inspected when returned and 3 for jacks subjected to abnormal loads or shock inspected before use and immediately thereafter Hand and Power Tools What Help Can OSHA Provide EE OSHA can provide extensive help through a variety of programs including assistance about safety and health programs state plans workplace consultations voluntary protection programs strategic partnerships training and education and more Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines Working in a safe and healthful environment can stimulate innovation and creativity and result in increased performance and higher productivity To assist employers and employees in developing effective safety and health management systems OSHA published recommended Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines Federal Register 54 16 3904 3916 January 26 1989 These voluntary guidelines can be applied to all places of employment covered by OSHA The guidelines identify four general elements that are critical to the development of a successful safety and health manageme
15. ers such as trade unions trade and professional associations universities and other government agencies For more information on this program contact your nearest OSHA office or visit OSHA s website at www osha gov Training and Education OSHA s area offices offer a variety of information services such as compliance assistance technical advice publications audiovisual aids and speakers for special engagements OSHA s Training Institute in Des Plaines IL provides basic and advanced courses in safety and health for federal and state compliance officers state consultants federal agency personnel and private sector employers employees and their representatives What Help Can OSHA Provide The OSHA Training Institute also has established OSHA Training Institute Education Centers to address the increased demand for its courses from the private sector and from other federal agencies These centers are nonprofit colleges universities and other organizations that have been selected after a competition for participation in the program OSHA awards grants through its Susan Harwood Training Grant Program to nonprofit organizations to provide safety and health training and education to employers and workers in the workplace The grants focus on programs that will educate workers and employ ers in small business fewer than 250 employees training workers and employers about new OSHA standards or about high risk activi
16. f hand and power tools e Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance e Use the right tool for the job e Examine each tool for damage before use and do not use damaged tools e Operate tools according to the manufacturers instructions What Is the Purpose of This Booklet e Provide and use properly the right personal protective equipment Employees and employers should work together to establish safe working procedures If a hazardous situation is encountered it should be brought immediately to the attention of the proper individual for hazard abatement The following sections identify various types of hand and power tools and their potential hazards They also identify ways to prevent worker injury through proper use of the tools and through the use of appropriate personal protective equipment Hand and Power Tools What Are the Hazards of Hand Tools Hand tools are tools that are powered manually Hand tools include anything from axes to wrenches The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper maintenance Some examples include the following e Ifa chisel is used as a screwdriver the tip of the chisel may break and fly off hitting the user or other employees s Ifa wooden handle on a tool such as a hammer or an axe is loose splintered or cracked the head of the tool may fly off and strike the user or other employees e If the jaws of a wrench are sprung t
17. he wrench might slip e If impact tools such as chisels wedges or drift pins have mushroomed heads the heads might shatter on impact sending sharp fragments flying toward the user or other employees The employer is responsible for the safe condition of tools and equipment used by employees Employers shall not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools Employees should be trained in the proper use and handling of tools and equipment Employees when using saw blades knives or other tools should direct the tools away from aisle areas and away from other employ ees working in close proximity Knives and scissors must be sharp dull tools can cause more hazards than sharp ones Cracked saw blades must be removed from service Wrenches must not be used when jaws are sprung to the point that slippage occurs Impact tools such as drift pins wedges and chisels must be kept free of mushroomed heads The wooden handles of tools must not be splintered Iron or steel hand tools may produce sparks that can be an ignition source around flammable substances Where this hazard exists spark resistant tools made of non ferrous materials should be used where flammable gases highly volatile liquids and other explosive substances are stored or used What Are the Hazards of Hand Tools D What Are the Dangers of Power Tools Appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety goggles and gloves must be worn to protect against haza
18. ing a secure handhold Workers operating a jackhammer must wear safety glasses and safety shoes that protect them against injury if the jackhammer slips or falls A face shield also should be used Noise is another hazard associated with pneumatic tools Work ing with noisy tools such as jackhammers requires proper effective use of appropriate hearing protection Liquid Fuel Tools Fuel powered tools are usually operated with gasoline The most serious hazard associated with the use of fuel powered tools comes from fuel vapors that can burn or explode and also give off danger ous exhaust fumes The worker must be careful to handle trans port and store gas or fuel only in approved flammable liquid containers according to proper procedures for flammable liquids Before refilling a fuel powered tool tank the user must shut down the engine and allow it to cool to prevent accidental ignition of hazardous vapors When a fuel powered tool is used inside a closed area effective ventilation and or proper respirators such as atmosphere supplying respirators must be utilized to avoid breath ing carbon monoxide Fire extinguishers must also be available in the area Powder Actuated Tools Powder actuated tools operate like a loaded gun and must be treated with extreme caution In fact they are so dangerous that they must be operated only by specially trained employees What Are the Dangers of Power Tools E Wee When using p
19. ing saws saber saws scroll saws and jigsaws with blade shanks greater than inch 0 63 centimeters wide and other similar tools These tools also may be equipped with a lock on control if it allows the worker to also shut off the control in a single motion using the same finger or fingers The following hand held power tools must be equipped with either a positive on off control switch a constant pressure switch or a lock on control disc sanders with discs 2 inches 5 08 centi meters or less in diameter grinders with wheels 2 inches 5 08 centimeters or less in diameter platen sanders routers planers What Are the Dangers of Power Tools laminate trimmers nibblers shears and scroll saws and jigsaws saber and scroll saws with blade shanks a nominal s inch 6 35 millimeters or less in diameter It is recommended that the con stant pressure control switch be regarded as the preferred device Other hand held power tools such as circular saws having a blade diameter greater than 2 inches 5 08 centimeters chain saws and percussion tools with no means of holding accessories securely must be equipped with a constant pressure switch Electric Tools Employees using electric tools must be aware of several dangers Among the most serious hazards are electrical burns and shocks Electrical shocks which can lead to injuries such as heart failure and burns are among the major hazards associated with
20. lace Hand and Power Tools AA B OSHA s CD ROM includes standards interpretations directives and more and can be purchased on CD ROM from the U S Govern ment Printing Office To order write to the Superintendent of Documents U S Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402 or phone 202 512 1800 Specify OSHA Regulations Documents and Technical Information on CD ROM ORDT GPO Order No S N 729 013 00000 5 The price is 45 per year 63 00 overseas 21 per single copy 26 25 overseas OSHA Publications OSHA has an extensive publications program For a listing of free or sales items visit OSHA s website at www osha gov or contact the OSHA Publications Office U S Department of Labor OSHA OSHA Publications PO Box 37535 Washington DC 20013 7535 Telephone 202 693 1888 or fax to 202 693 2498 All About OSHA OSHA 2056 Chemical Hazard Communication OSHA 3084 Controlling Electrical Hazards OSHA 3075 Ground Fault Protection on Construction Sites OSHA 3007 Hearing Conservation OSHA 3074 The following publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents U S Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402 telephone 202 512 1800 fax 202 512 2250 Include the GPO order number and make checks payable to the Superintendent of Documents Visa or MasterCard are accepted Hazard Communication A Compliance Kit OSHA 3104 GPO Order No 929 016 00200 6 20 00 25 00 overseas Ha
21. nt system These are the following e Management leadership and employee involvement e Worksite analysis e Hazard prevention and control and e Safety and health training The guidelines recommend specific actions under each of these general elements to achieve an effective safety and health manage ment system The Federal Register notice is available online at www osha gov State Programs The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 OSH Act encourages states to develop and operate their own job safety and health plans OSHA approves and monitors these plans There are currently 26 state plans 23 cover both private and public state and local government employment 3 states Connecticut New Jersey and New York cover the public sector only States and territories with their own OSHA approved occupational safety and health plans What Help Can OSHA Provide must adopt and enforce standards identical to or at least as effective as the federal standards and provide extensive programs of volun tary compliance and technical assistance including consultation services Consultation Services Consultation assistance is available on request to employers who want help in establishing and maintaining a safe and healthful workplace Largely funded by OSHA the service is provided at no cost to the employer Primarily developed for smaller employers with more hazardous operations the consultation service is deliv e
22. orted corner edge unless a special guard fixture or jig is used Hydraulic Power Tools The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be an approved fire resistant fluid and must retain its operating characteristics at the most extreme temperatures to which it will be exposed The exception to fire resistant fluid involves all hydraulic fluids used for the insulated sections of derrick trucks aerial lifts and hydraulic tools that are used on or around energized lines This hydraulic fluid shall be of the insulating type The manufacturer s recommended safe operating pressure for hoses valves pipes filters and other fittings must not be exceeded All jacks including lever and ratchet jacks screw jacks and hydraulic jacks must have a stop indicator and the stop limit must not be exceeded Also the manufacturer s load limit must be permanently marked in a prominent place on the jack and the load limit must not be exceeded A jack should never be used to support a lifted load Once the load has been lifted it must immediately be blocked up Put a block under the base of the jack when the foundation is not firm and place a block between the jack cap and load if the cap might slip What Are the Dangers of Power Tools To set up a jack make certain of the following e The base of the jack rests on a firm level surface e The jack is correctly centered e The jack head bears against a level surface and e Th
23. owder actuated tools an employee must wear suitable ear eye and face protection The user must select a powder level high or low velocity that is appropriate for the powder actuated tool and necessary to do the work without exces sive force The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard centered perpendicular to and concentric with the barrel to confine any fragments or particles that are projected when the tool is fired A tool containing a high velocity load must be designed not to fire unless it has this kind of safety device To prevent the tool from firing accidentally two separate motions are required for firing The first motion is to bring the tool into the firing position and the second motion is to pull the trigger The tool must not be able to operate until it is pressed against the work surface with a force of at least 5 pounds 2 2 kg greater than the total weight of the tool If a powder actuated tool misfires the user must hold the tool in the operating position for at least 30 seconds before trying to fire it again If it still will not fire the user must hold the tool in the operating position for another 30 seconds and then carefully remove the load in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions This procedure will make the faulty cartridge less likely to explode The bad cartridge should then be put in water immediately after re moval If the tool develops a defect during use it should
24. rds from electric tools do not present a tripping hazard In the construction industry employees who use electric tools must be protected by ground fault circuit interrupters or an assured equipment grounding conductor program Portable Abrasive Wheel Tools Portable abrasive grinding cutting polishing and wire buffing wheels create special safety problems because they may throw off flying fragments Abrasive wheel tools must be equipped with guards that 1 cover the spindle end nut and flange projections 2 maintain proper alignment with the wheel and 3 do not exceed the strength of the fastenings Before an abrasive wheel is mounted it must be inspected closely for damage and should be sound or ring tested to ensure that it is free from cracks or defects To test wheels should be tapped gently with a light non metallic instrument If the wheels sound cracked or dead they must not be used because they could fly apart in operation A stable and undamaged wheel when tapped will give a clear metallic tone or ring To prevent an abrasive wheel from cracking it must fit freely on the spindle The spindle nut must be tightened enough to hold the wheel in place without distorting the flange Always follow the manufacturer s recommendations Take care to ensure that the spindle speed of the machine will not exceed the maximum operat ing speed marked on the wheel An abrasive wheel may disintegrate or explode during st
25. rds that may be encountered while using hand tools Workplace floors shall be kept as clean and dry as possible to prevent accidental slips with or around dangerous hand tools Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches they are extremely hazardous when used improperly The types of power tools are determined by their power source electric pneumatic liquid fuel hydraulic and powder actuated To prevent hazards associated with the use of power tools workers should observe the following general precautions e Never carry a tool by the cord or hose e Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle e Keep cords and hoses away from heat oil and sharp edges e Disconnect tools when not using them before servicing and cleaning them and when changing accessories such as blades bits and cutters e Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe distance from the work area e Secure work with clamps or a vise freeing both hands to operate the tool e Avoid accidental starting Do not hold fingers on the switch button while carrying a plugged in tool e Maintain tools with care keep them sharp and clean for best performance e Follow instructions in the user s manual for lubricating and changing accessories e Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance when operating power tools e Wear proper apparel for the task Loose clothing ties or jewelry can become caught in
26. red by state governments employing professional safety and health consultants Comprehensive assistance includes a hazard survey of the worksite and appraisal of all aspects of the employer s existing safety and health management system In addition the service offers assistance to employers in developing and implementing an effective safety and health management system No penalties are proposed or citations issued for hazards identified by the consultant The employer s only obligation is to correct all identified serious hazards within the agreed upon correction timeframe OSHA provides consultation assistance to the employer with the assurance that his or her name and firm and any information about the work place will not be routinely reported to OSHA enforcement staff Under the consultation program certain exemplary employers may request participation in OSHA s Safety and Health Achieve ment Recognition Program SHARP Eligibility for participation in SHARP includes but is not limited to receiving a full service comprehensive consultation visit correcting all identified hazards and developing an effective safety and health program management system Employers accepted into SHARP may receive an exemption from programmed inspections not complaint or accident investigation inspections for a period of 1 year initially or 2 years upon renewal For more information concerning consultation assistance see the list of consultation p
27. ric cords because the hose is subject to the same kind of damage or accidental striking and because it also presents tripping hazards When using pneumatic tools a safety clip or retainer must be installed to prevent attachments such as chisels on a chipping hammer from being ejected during tool operation Pneumatic tools that shoot nails rivets staples or similar fasten ers and operate at pressures more than 100 pounds per square inch 6 890 kPa must be equipped with a special device to keep fasten ers from being ejected unless the muzzle is pressed against the work surface Airless spray guns that atomize paints and fluids at pressures of 1 000 pounds or more per square inch 6 890 kPa must be equipped with automatic or visible manual safety devices that will prevent pulling the trigger until the safety device is manually released Hand and Power Tools Eye protection is required and head and face protection is recommended for employees working with pneumatic tools Screens must also be set up to protect nearby workers from being struck by flying fragments around chippers riveting guns staplers or air drills Compressed air guns should never be pointed toward anyone Workers should never dead end them against themselves or anyone else A chip guard must be used when compressed air is used for cleaning Use of heavy jackhammers can cause fatigue and strains Heavy rubber grips reduce these effects by provid
28. rojects listed at the end of this publication Hand and Power Tools Voluntary Protection Programs VPP Voluntary Protection Programs and onsite consultation services when coupled with an effective enforcement program expand worker protection to help meet the goals of the OSH Act The three levels of VPP Star Merit and Demonstration are designed to recognize outstanding achievements by companies that have devel oped and implemented effective safety and health management systems The VPPs motivate others to achieve excellent safety and health results in the same outstanding way as they establish a cooperative relationship between employers employees and OSHA For additional information on VPPs and how to apply contact the OSHA regional offices listed at the end of this publication Strategic Partnership Program OSHASs Strategic Partnership Program the newest member of OSHA s cooperative programs helps encourage assist and recog nize the efforts of partners to eliminate serious workplace hazards and achieve a high level of worker safety and health Whereas OSHA s Consultation Program and VPP entail one on one relation ships between OSHA and individual worksites most strategic partnerships seek to have a broader impact by building cooperative relationships with groups of employers and employees These partnerships are voluntary cooperative relationships between OSHA employers employee representatives and oth
29. the Dangers of Power Tools 4 EE TEE a 5 Operating Controls and Switches sese 5 Electric TOS aida 6 Portable Abrasive Wheel Tools sese 7 Pneumatic E 8 Liquid Fuel Feler cp 9 Powder Actuated Tools sss sees 9 Hydraulic Power Tools ui 11 What Help Can OSHA Provide 13 Safety and Health Program Management Guidelines 13 State Prog 2 ion 13 Consultation Services esti 14 Voluntary Protection Programs sss see esse eee eee eee 15 Strategic Partnership Program ta 15 Trama and Educatio criteria 15 Electronic Information nuncio 16 OSHA Publications quid 17 Emergencies Complaints and Further Assistance 18 States and Territories with Approved Plans 19 OSHA Consultation Project Directory 22 OSHA Area Offices egen ees nai 24 OSHA Regional Offices 0 27 Contents What Is the Purpose of This Booklet ER This booklet is designed to present to employees and employers a summary of the basic safety procedures and safeguards associated with hand and portable power tools Material in this booklet is based on the standards of the Occupa tional Safety and Health Administration this booklet however should not be considered as a substitute for the full safety and health standards for general industry published in Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations CFR Part 1910 Subpart P or for the construction ind
30. ustry published in 29 CFR Part 1926 Subpart I These are also available on the World Wide Web at www osha gov Employers and employees in the 26 states and territories with OSHA approved state safety and health plans should check with their state agency Their state may be enforcing standards and other procedures that while at least as effective as federal standards are not always identical to the federal requirements See page 13 for more information on state plans Tools are such a common part of our lives that it is difficult to remember that they may pose hazards Tragically a serious inci dent can occur before steps are taken to identify and avoid or eliminate tool related hazards Employees who use hand and power tools and are exposed to the hazards of falling flying abrasive and splashing objects or to harmful dusts fumes mists vapors or gases must be provided with the appropriate personal protective equipment All electrical connections for these tools must be suitable for the type of tool and the working conditions wet dusty flammable vapors When a temporary power source is used for construction a ground fault circuit interrupter should be used Employees should be trained in the proper use of all tools Workers should be able to recognize the hazards associated with the different types of tools and the safety precautions necessary Five basic safety rules can help prevent hazards associated with the use o
31. zard Communication Guidelines for Compliance OSHA 3111 Order No 029 016 00195 6 4 25 5 31 overseas Job Safety and Health Quarterly magazine GPO Order Processing Code JSH annual subscription 17 00 21 25 foreign single copies 6 00 7 50 foreign Order from the U S Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents Washington DC 20402 Fax 202 512 2233 Emergencies Complaints and Further Assistance To report an emergency file a complaint or seek OSHA advice assistance or products call 800 321 OSHA or contact your nearest OSHA regional area state plan or consultation office listed at the end of this publication The teletypewriter TTY number is 877 889 5627 You can also file a complaint online and obtain more information on OSHA federal and state programs by visiting OSHA s website at www osha gov Hand and Power Tools States and Territories with Approved Plans HI Commissioner Alaska Department of Labor 1111 West 8th Street Room 304 Juneau AK 99801 1149 907 465 2700 Director Industrial Comm of Arizona 800 W Washington Phoenix AZ 85007 2922 602 542 5795 Director California Department of Industrial Relations 455 Golden Gate Avenue 10 Floor San Francisco CA 94102 415 703 5050 Commissioner Connecticut Departmentof Labor 200 Folly Brook Boulevard Wethersfield CT 06109 203 566 5123 Director Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Rel
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