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Digi XBee 865/868 LP RF Modules User Guide

1. Frame Fields Offset Example Description Destination 16 OxA1 Destination endpoint for the transmission Endpoint Cluster ID 17 0x15 Cluster ID used in the transmission 18 0x54 Profile ID 19 OxC1 Profile ID used in the transmission 20 0x05 Broadcast Radius 21 0x00 Sets the maximum number of hops a broadcast transmission can traverse If set to 0 the transmission radius will be set to the network maximum hops value Frame specific Transmit Options 22 0x00 Bitfield Data bits 6 7 b 01 Point to Multipoint b 10 Repeater mode directed broadcast b 11 DigiMesh not available on 10k product All other bits must be set to 0 Data Payload 23 0x54 24 0x78 25 0x44 26 0x61 27 0x74 28 0x61 Checksum 29 0xDD OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte The above example sends a data transmission to a radio with a 64 bit address of 0x0013A20001 238400 using a source endpoint of OxA0 destination endpoint OxA1 cluster ID 0x1554 and profile ID 0xC105 Payload will be TxData Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 105 Remote AT Command Request Frame type 0x17 API frame specifications Used to query or set module parameters on a remote device For parameter changes on the remote device to take effect changes must be applied either by setting the apply changes options bit or by sending an AC command to the remote
2. Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the Length checksum LSB 2 0x10 Frame Type 3 0x17 Frame ID 4 0x01 Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgment If set to 0 no response is sent 64 bit MSB5 0x00 Set to the 64 bit address of the destination device Destination The following address is also supported Address 6 0x13 7 0xA2 0x000000000000FFFF Broadcast address 8 0x00 9 0x40 10 0x40 Frame specific 11 0x11 Data LSB 12 0x22 Reserved 13 OxFF Set to OxFFFE 14 OxFE Remote 15 0x02 0x02 Apply changes on remote If not set AC Command apply command must be sent before changes will take Options changes effect All other bits must be set to 0 AT Command 16 0x42 B Name of the command 17 0x48 H Command 18 0x01 If present indicates the requested parameter Parameter value to set the given register If no characters present the register is queried Checksum 18 OxF5 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide byte 106 API frame specifications The above example sends a remote command to change the broadcast hops register on a remote device to 1 broadcasts go to 1 hop neighbors only and apply changes so the new configuration value immediately takes effect In this example the 64 bit address of the remote is 0x0013A20
3. SQ Missed Sync Count Count of the number of syncs that have been missed This value can be reset by setting ATSQ to 0 When the value reaches OxFFFF it will not be incremented anymore Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 OxFFFF 95 AT command options AT command options AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default CC Command Character Set or read the character to be used 0 OxFF 0x2B between guard times of the AT Command Mode Sequence The ASCII AT Command Mode Sequence causes the radio modem to character enter Command Mode from Idle Mode CT Command Mode Timeout Set Read the period of inactivity 2 0x1770 0x64 10 no valid commands received after which the RF module seconds automatically exits AT Command Mode and returns to Idle Mode CN Exit Command Mode Explicitly exit the module from AT Command Mode GT Guard Times Set required period of silence before and after 2 0x95C Ox3E8 the Command Sequence Characters of the AT Command Mode 1 second Sequence GT CC GT The period of silence is used to prevent inadvertent entrance into AT Command Mode Firmware commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default VL Version Long Shows detailed version information including read only n a application build date and time VR Firmware Version Read firmware version of the module O OxXFFFFFFFF Firmware read only
4. Periodic sampling allows an XBee PRO module to take an I O sample and transmit it to a remote device at a periodic rate The periodic sample rate is set by the IR command If IR is set to 0 periodic sampling is disabled For all other values of IR data will be sampled after IR milliseconds have elapsed and transmitted to a remote device The DH and DL commands determine the destination address of the IO samples Only devices with API mode enabled will send IO data samples out their UART Devices not in API mode will discard received IO data samples A module with sleep enabled will transmit periodic I O samples at the IR rate until the ST time expires and the device can resume sleeping See the sleep section for more information on sleep Digital I O change detection Modules can be configured to transmit a data sample immediately whenever a monitored digital I O pin changes state The IC command is a bitmask that can be used to set which digital I O lines should be monitored for a state change If one or more bits in IC is set an I O sample will be transmitted as soon as a State change is observed in one of the monitored digital I O lines The figure below shows how edge detection can work with periodic sampling Monitored Digital 10 Line IO Sample Transmissions IR gt 0 IC 0 5R I1 er a i a a D to ILA 1 A 10 Sample Transmissions IR gt 0 IC gt 0 Paiet t ff tt gt l I
5. The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules are optimized for use in Europe and other regions Refer to the Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules agency certifications section for more information Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 9 Specifications Specifications Specifications of the Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module Specification Performance XBee Indoor urban range Up to 500 ft 150 m with 2 1 dBi antenna up to 250 ft 75 m with printed circuit board PCB embedded antenna Outdoor RF line of sight range Up to 2 5 miles 4 km with 2 1 dBi antenna up to 0 6 miles 1 km with PCB embedded antenna Transmit power output Up to 14 dBm 25 mW e i r p with 2 dBi antenna RF data rate high 80 kb s RF data rate low 10 kb s UART interface Complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS Serial universal asynchronous receiver transmitter UART baud rate stability of lt 1 UART data rate software selectable 9600 230400 baud SPI clock rate Up to 3 5 MHZ Receiver sensitivity typical 101 dBm 80 kb s 106 dBm 10 kb s Receiver blocking typical Frequency offset Data rate 10kb s 80kb s 400 kHz 40 dB 35 dB 200 kHz 35 dB 29 dB LBT AFA performance Channel spacing 100 kHz Receiver bandwidth 150 kHz Modulation bandwidth lt 300 kHz LBT threshold lt 88 dBm TX on time lt 1 second Power requirements Supply vo
6. puta solid ground plane under RF trace help eliminate to achieve desired impedance ground variations Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 20 Specifications Module operation for the Programmable variant The modules with the programmable option have a secondary processor with 32k of flash and 2k of random access memory RAM This allows module integrators to put custom code on the XBee module to fit their own unique needs The DIN DOUT RTS CTS and RESET lines are intercepted by the secondary processor to allow it to be in control of the data transmitted and received All other lines are in parallel and can be controlled by either the internal microcontroller or the MC9SO8QE micro see the block diagram under Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module operation on page 29 for details The internal microcontroller has control of certain lines by default The internal microcontroller can release these lines by sending the proper command s to disable the desired DIO line s For more information see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules command reference tables on page 77 In order for the secondary processor to sample with ADCs you must connect the XBee pin 27 VREF to a reference voltage Digi provides a bootloader that can take care of programming the processor over the air or through the serial interface This means that over the air updates can be supported through an XMODEM protocol The processor can also be programmed and debugged through
7. 0x03 No Spectrum Available 0x21 Network ACK Failure 0x25 Route Not Found 0x74 Payload too large 0x75 Indirect message unrequested Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 108 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description Frame specific Discovery 9 0x02 0x00 No Discovery Overhead Data Status 0x02 Route Discovery Checksum 10 0x2E OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte In the above example a unicast data transmission was sent successfully to a destination device using a frame ID of 0x47 Route Information Packet Frame type 0x8D A Route Information Packet can be output for DigiMesh unicast transmissions on which the NACK enable or the Trace Route enable TX option is enabled Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E L MSB1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the ength heck LSB2 0x2A ASERS Frame Type 3 0x8D Source Event 4 0x12 0x11 NACK 0x12 Trace Route Length 5 0x2B Number of bytes that follow excluding checksum If length increases then new items have been added to the end of the list for future revisions Timestamp MSB6 0x9C System timer value on the node generating the Route 7 0x93 Information Packet 8 0x81 LSB 9 0x7F ACK Timeout 10 0x00 The number of MAC ACK timeouts that occurred Frame specific Reserved 11 0x00 Reserved
8. Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 107 API frame specifications Modem Status Frame type Ox8A RF module status messages are sent from the module in response to specific conditions The following API frame is returned when an API device powers up Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E i i MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum engt LSB2 0x02 Frame Type 3 Ox8A Frame specific Status 4 0x00 0x00 Hardware reset Data 0x01 Watchdog timer reset 0x0B Network Woke Up 0x0C Network Went To Sleep Checksum 5 0x75 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Transmit Status Frame type 0x8B When a TX Request is completed the module sends a TX Status message This message will indicate if the packet was transmitted successfully or if there was a failure Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E Length MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB2 0x07 Frame Type 3 0x8B Frame ID 4 0x47 Identifies the UART data frame being reported Note If Frame ID 0 in the associated request frame then no response frame will be delivered Reserved 5 OxFF Reserved OxFE Frame specific TransmitRetry 7 0x00 The number of application transmission retries that took Data Count place Delivery 8 0x00 0x00 Success Status 0x01 MAC ACK Failure 0x02 LBT Failure
9. Enabling Edge Detection will force an immediate sample of all monitored digital IO lines if any digital IO lines change state General purpose flash memory XBee 868LP modules provide 119 512 byte blocks of flash memory which can be read and written by the user application This memory provides a non volatile data storage area which can be used for a multitude of purposes Some common uses of this data storage include storing logged sensor data buffering firmware upgrade data for a host microcontroller or storing and retrieving data tables needed for calculations performed by a host microcontroller The General Purpose Memory GPM is also used to store a firmware upgrade file for over the air firmware upgrades of the XBee module itself Accessing general purpose flash memory The GPM of a target node can be accessed locally or over the air by sending commands to the MEMORY_ACCESS cluster ID 0x23 on the DIGI_DEVICE endpoint OxE6 of the target node using explicit API frames Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 53 General purpose flash memory To issue a GPM command the payload of an explicit API frame should be formatted in the following way Byte Offset in Payload Number of Bytes Field Name General Field Description 0 1 GPM_CMD_ID Specific GPM commands are described below 1 1 GPM_OPTIONS Commana specific options 2 2 GPM_BLOCK_NUM The block number addressed in the GPM 4 2 gt GPM_START_INDEX The by
10. XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules Model XBEE S8 Hardware S8 Firmware 8059 User Guide Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide Part number 90002126 K Revision A Date February 2012 Description Baseline release of the document B October 2012 Changed the value of the XBee 865 868LP module from 40g to 5g in the Specifications section April 2013 Added a Channel Frequency table April 2013 Made corrections to NB parameter added HP and CM parameters removed Internal Pin Mappings from manual Changed parameter values in NB description from 0 to 4 to O to 2 July 2013 Removed Frame ID section for 0x90 frame 64 bit source address Added description of AT command V under I O Commands Reference Table Included details of restrictions on the Embedded PCB antenna under Antenna Options and under XBee RF Module section Updated the description of CM command under MAC PHY basics section Restored missing information in the Networking Methods section the Indirect Messaging and Polling section and the Warranty sections October 2013 Changed power supply voltage from 250mV to 50mvV July 2014 Changed frequencies values of channel 8 9 22 and 10 in the channel frequencies table Fixed the Parameter Range field of CM parameter October 2014 Fixed reference to AG command in the Network link establishment and maintenance section Added the max network size
11. NQ and MR In most applications these network parameters should only be configured during deployment Sleep guard times To compensate for variations in the timekeeping hardware of the various modules in a sleeping router network sleep guard times are allocated at the beginning and end of the wake time The size of the sleep guard time varies based on the sleep and wake times selected and the number of cycles that have elapsed since the last sync message was received The sleep guard time guarantees that a destination radio will be awake when a transmission is sent As more and more consecutive sync messages are missed the sleep guard time increases in duration and decreases the available transmission time Auto Early Wake Up sleep option Similarly to the sleep guard time the auto early wake up option decreases the sleep period based on the number of sync messages missed This option comes at the expense of battery life Auto early wake up sleep can be disabled using the sleep options SO command Configuration Selecting sleep parameters Choosing proper sleep parameters is vital to creating a robust sleep enabled network with a desirable battery life To select sleep parameters that will be good for most applications follow these steps 1 Choose NH Based on the placement of the nodes in your network select appropriate values for the Network Hops NH parameter Note The default value of NH has been optimized to work for the m
12. 0 0 128 Oto 127 0 128 128 128 to 255 0 256 128 256 to 383 0 384 128 384 to 511 1 0 128 512 to 639 1 128 128 640 to 767 107 0 54784 to 54911 107 128 54912 to 55039 107 256 101 55040 to 55140 Verifying the new application For an uploaded application to function correctly every single byte from the ebin file must be properly transferred to the GPM To guarantee that this is the case GPM VERIFY functions exist to ensure that all bytes are properly in place The FIRMWARE_VERIFY function reports whether or not the uploaded data is valid The FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command will report if the uploaded data is invalid If the data is valid it will begin installing the application No installation will take place on invalid data Installing the application When the entire ebin file has been uploaded to the GPM of the target node a FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command can be issued Once the target receives the command it will verify the ebin file loaded in the GPM If it is found to be valid then the module will install the new firmware This installation process can take up to 8 seconds During the installation the module will be unresponsive to both serial and RF communication To complete the installation the target module will reset AT parameter settings which have not been written to flash using the WR command will be lost Things to remember The firmware upgrade process requires that the module resets itself Because of t
13. 1 cannot be set at the same 0x2 non sleep coordinator 93 AT Command SN Name and Description Number of Sleep Periods The number of sleep periods value This command controls the number of sleep periods that must elapse between assertions of the ON_SLEEP line during the wake time of asynchronous cyclic sleep During cycles when the ON_SLEEP line is not asserted the module will wake up and check for any Serial or RF data If any such data is received then the ON_SLEEP line will be asserted and the module will fully wake up Otherwise the module will return to sleep after checking This command does not work with synchronous sleep Parameter Range 1 0xFFFF Sleep commands Default 1 SP Sleep Period The sleep period of the module This command defines the amount of time the module will sleep per cycle For a node operating as an Indirect Messaging Coordinator this command defines the amount of time that it will hold an indirect message for an end device The coordinator will hold the message for 2 5 SP For a node operating as an Indirect Messaging Coordinator this command defines the amount of time that it will hold an indirect message for an end device The coordinator will hold the message for 2 5 SP 1 0x15F900 x 10 ms 0x190 4 seconds ST Wake Time The wake period of the module For asynchronous sleep modules this command defines the amount of time that the module will st
14. API node identification frames 0 0x07 bitfield Cl Cluster ID The application layer cluster ID value This value will be used as the cluster ID for all data transmissions The default value 0x11 Transparent data cluster ID 0 OxFFFF 0x11 DE Destination Endpoint The application layer destination ID value This value will be used as the destination endpoint for all data transmissions The default value 0xE8 is the Digi data endpoint 0 OxFF OxE8 SE Source Endpoint The application layer source endpoint value This value will be used as the source endpoint for all data transmissions The default value OxE8 Data endpoint is the Digi data endpoint Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 OxFF OxE8 83 Addressing discovery configuration commands Addressing discovery configuration commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default AG Aggregator Support The AG command sends a broadcast through Any 64 bit n a the network that has the following effects on nodes which receive number the broadcast The receiving node will establish a DigiMesh route back to the originating node provided there is space in the routing table The DH and DL of the receiving node will be updated to the address of the originating node if the AG parameter matches the current DH DL of the receiving node For API enabled modules on which DH and DL are updated an Aggregate Address
15. Remote Command Request API frame For more information see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules API operation on page 97 This API frame can be used to send commands to a remote module to read or set command parameters Sending a remote command To send a remote command the Remote Command Request frame should be populated with the 64 bit address of the remote device the correct command options value and the command and parameter data optional If a command response is desired the Frame ID should be set to a non zero value Only unicasts of remote commands are supported Remote commands cannot be broadcast Applying changes on remote devices When remote commands are used to change command parameter settings on a remote device parameter changes do not take effect until the changes are applied For example changing the BD parameter will not change the actual serial interface rate on the remote until the changes are applied Changes can be applied using remote commands in one of three ways Set the apply changes option bit in the API frame Issue an AC command to the remote device Issue a WR FR command to the remote device to save changes and reset the device Remote command responses If the remote device receives a remote command request transmission and the API frame ID is non zero the remote will send a remote command response transmission back to the device that sent the remote command When a remote command response transmis
16. Select enables serial communication with the slave Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 31 Serial communications SPI_ATTN Attention alerts the master that slave has data queued to send The XBee module will assert this pin as soon as data is available to send to the SPI master and it will remain asserted until the SPI master has clocked out all available data In this mode the following apply SPI Clock rates up to 3 5 MHZ are possible Data is MSB first Frame Format mode 0 is used This means CPOL 0 idle clock is low and CPHA 0 data is sampled on the clock s leading edge Mode 0 is diagrammed below SPI port is setup for API mode and is equivalent to AP 1 Frame format for SPI communications Frame Format nSSEL MOSI K RX X RXI6 X RXS X _RXI4 X RX RX 2 X RX X RXIO _X MIS Osa SPI operation This section specifies how SPI is implemented on the XBee what the SPI signals are and how full duplex operations work Implementation of SPI Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module operates as a SPI slave only This means that an external master will provide the clock and will decide when to send Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules support an external clock rate of up to 3 5 Mb s Data is transmitted and received with most significant bit first using SPI mode 0 This means the CPOL and CPHA are both 0 Mode 0 was chosen because it s the typical default for most microcontrollers
17. Status The SS command can be used to query useful information regarding the sleep status of the module This command can be used to query if the node is currently acting as a network sleep coordinator as well as other useful diagnostics Missed Sync Messages Command The MS command can be used to query the number of cycles that have elapsed since the module last received a sync message Sleep Status API messages When enabled with the SO command a module configured in API mode will output modem status frames immediately after a module wakes up and just prior toa module going to sleep Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 76 Special commands Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules command reference tables AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default AC Apply Changes Immediately applies new settings without exiting command mode FR Software Reset Reset module Responds immediately with an OK then performs a reset 100 ms later RE Restore Defaults Restore module parameters to factory defaults WR Write Write parameter values to non volatile memory so that 7 parameter modifications persist through subsequent resets Note Once WR is issued no additional characters should be sent to the module until after the OK r response is received R1 Restore Compiled Restore module parameters to compiled defaults Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 77 MAC PHY level comma
18. The advantage of this feature is that it gives a level of fairness to the radios in a given area Before this radio transmits it senses a channel to determine if there is activity by taking an RSSI measurement for 5 ms If the measurement is below the threshold then the radio transmits on that channel If there is activity then that channel is not used and the radio listens for at least 5ms to allow transmissions to be received After the radio transmits on a channel it will not transmit on that channel again until the minimum TX off time has been met which is greater than 100 ms For this reason it is useful to have many channels so transmissions are not delayed There is also an ETSI requirement that only 100 seconds of transmission may occur over the period of an hour on 200kHz of spectrum This method simplifies and optimizes the calculations of spectrum use over the period of one hour As the ETSI specification states the more channels you have the more transmission time you have in a one hour period The effective duty cycle can be calculated based on the number of available channels enabled as follows Effective Duty Cycle number of channels 100 3600 For example if you enabled two channels you would have an effective duty cycle of 5 6 The XBee radio uses a sliding bucket algorithm to calculate usage over the period of 1 hour for each channel Each bucket accumulates for 6 minutes This radio has a maximum of 30 AFA chann
19. The cmdlD frame API identifier indicates which API messages will be contained in the cmdData frame Identifier specific data Note that multi byte values are sent big endian The XBee modules support the following API frames Table 1 API Frame Names and Values API Frame Names API ID AT Command 0x08 AT Command Queue Parameter Value 0x09 Transmit Request 0x10 Explicit Addressing Command Frame 0x11 Remote Command Request 0x17 AT Command Response 0x88 Modem Status Ox8A Transmit Status 0x8B Receive Packet AO 0 0x90 Explicit Rx Indicator AO 1 0x91 Node Identification Indicator AO 0 0x95 Remote Command Response 0x97 Checksum To test data integrity a checksum is calculated and verified on non escaped data To calculate Not including frame delimiters and length add all bytes keeping only the lowest 8 bits of the result and subtract the result from OxFF To verify Add all bytes include checksum but not the delimiter and length If the checksum is correct the sum will equal OxFF API UART exchanges AT commands The following image shows the API frame exchange that takes place at the UART when sending an AT command request to read or set a module parameter The response can be disabled by setting the frame ID to 0 in the request AT Command request 0x08 or 0x09 AT Command response 0x88 4 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 99 API frame specificatio
20. an ERASE of the entire GPM block specified with the GPM_BLOCK_NUM field prior to doing a WRITE Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to WRITE 0x02 or ERASE_THEN_WRITE 0x03 GPM_OPTIONS There are currently no options defined for this command Set this field to 0 GPM_BLOCK_NUM Set to the index of the GPM block that should be written GPM_START_INDEX Set to the byte index within the GPM block where the given data should be written Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 56 Field Name GPM_NUM_BYTES General purpose flash memory Command Specific Description Set to the number of bytes specified in the GPM_DATA field Only one GPM block can be operated on per command For this reason GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES cannot be greater than the GPM block size It is also important to remember that the number of bytes sent in an explicit API frame including the GPM command fields cannot exceed the maximum payload size of the radio The maximum payload size can be queried with the NP AT command GPM_DATA The data to be written WRITE RESPONSE 0x82 and ERASE_THEN_WRITE_RESPONSE 0x83 When a WRITE or ERASE_THEN_WRITE command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to WRITE_LRESPONSE 0x82 or ERASE_TH
21. and would simplify configuration of the master Further information on Mode 0 is not included in this manual but is well documented on the Internet SPI signals The official specification for SPI includes the four signals SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI SPI_CLK and SPI_SSEL Using only these four signals the master cannot know when the slave needs to send and the SPI slave cannot transmit unless enabled by the master For this reason the SPI_LATTN signal is available in the design This allows the module to alert the SPI master that it has data to send In turn the SPI master is expected to assert SPI_SSEL and start SPI_CLK unless these signals are already asserted and active respectively This in turn allows the XBee module to send data to the master Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 32 Serial communications The table below names the SPI signals and specifies their pinouts It also describes the operation of each pin Applicable AT Signal Name Pin Number Command Description SPI_MISO 17 ATP5 When SPI_SSEL is asserted low and SPI_CLK is active the Master In Slave out module outputs the data on this line at the SPI_CLK rate When SPI_SSEL is de asserted high this output should be tri stated such that another slave device can drive the line SPI_MOSI 16 ATP6 The SPI master outputs data on this line at the SPI_CLK Master out Slave in rate after it selects the desired slave When the module is configu
22. button can be used to select a module to act as the sleep coordinator If the commissioning button functionality has been enabled a node can be immediately nominated as a sleep coordinator by pressing the commissioning button twice or by issuing the CB2 command A node nominated in this manner is still subject to the election process described above A node configured as a non sleep coordinator will ignore commissioning button nomination requests Changing sleep parameters Any sleep compatible node in the network which does not have the non sleep coordinator sleep option set can be used to make changes to the network s sleep and wake times If a node s SP and or ST are changed to values different from those that the network is using that node will become the Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 72 sleep coordinator That node will begin sending sync messages with the new sleep parameters at the beginning of the next wake cycle For normal operations a module will use the sleep and wake parameters it gets from the sleep sync message not the ones specified in its SP and ST parameters The SP and ST parameters are not updated with the values of the sync message The current network sleep and wake times used by the node can be queried using the OS and OW commands Changing network parameters can cause a node to become a sleep coordinator and change the sleep settings of the network The following commands can cause this to occur NH NN
23. can enable indirect messaging by making itself an indirect messaging coordinator with the CE command An indirect messaging coordinator does not immediately transmit a unicast when it is received over the serial port Instead the module holds on to the data until it is requested via a poll On receiving a poll the indirect messaging coordinator will send out any data packets it may have queued up Because it is possible for a polling device to be eliminated a mechanism is in place to purge unrequested data packets If the coordinator holds an indirect data packet for an end device longer than 2 5 times its SP value the packet is then purged Users are encouraged to set the SP of the coordinator to the same value as the highest SP time that exists among the end devices in the network If the coordinator is in API mode a TxStatus message is generated for a purged data packet with a status of 0x75 INDIRECT_MESSAGE_UNREQUESTED An indirect messaging coordinator will queue up as many data packets as it has buffers available After the coordinator has used up all of its available buffers it will hold all transmission requests unprocessed on the serial input queue After the serial input queue is full CTS will be de asserted if hardware flow control is enabled After receiving a poll or purging data from the indirect messaging queue the buffers become available again Indirect messaging has no effect on broadcasts Broadcasts are sent immediately w
24. for countries in the European Community Channel frequencies Channel Number Frequency Bands 0 863 15 MHZ g 1 863 35 MHZ g 2 863 55 MHZ g 3 863 75 MHZ g 4 863 95 MHZ g 5 864 15 MHZ g 6 864 35 MHZ g 7 864 55 MHZ g 8 864 75 MHZ g 9 864 95 MHZ g 10 865 15 MHZ g 11 865 35 MHZ g Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 866 in x 1 333 in x 1 2 in 2 119 cm x 3 4 cm x 0 305 cm Mesh repeater point to point point to multipoint peer Channel frequencies Channel Number Frequency Bands 12 865 55 MHZ g 13 865 75 MHZ g 14 865 95 MHZ g 15 866 15 MHZ g 16 866 35 MHZ g 17 866 55 MHZ g 18 866 75 MHZ g 19 866 95 MHZ g 20 867 15 MHZ g 21 867 35 MHZ g 22 867 55 MHZ g 23 867 75 MHZ g 24 867 95 MHZ g 25 868 15 MHZ g g1 26 868 35 MHZ g g1 27 868 85 MHZ g g2 28 869 05 MHZ g g2 29 869 85 MHZ g g4 Serial communications specifications Specifications The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules support both Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter UART and Serial Peripheral Interface SPI serial connections UART serial connections UART pin assignments UART Pins Module Pin Number DOUT 3 DIN CONFIG 4 CTS DIO7 25 RTS DIO6 29 For more information on UART operation see UART data flow on page 31 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 12 Specifications SPI serial connections SP
25. is also used when a route fails A route fails when the source node uses up its network retries without ever receiving an ACK This results in the source node initiating RD RD begins by the source node broadcasting a route request RREQ Any router that receives the RREQ that is not the ultimate destination is called an intermediate node Intermediate nodes may either drop or forward a RREQ depending on whether the new RREQ has a better route back to the source node If so information from the RREQ is saved and the RREQ is updated and broadcast When the ultimate destination receives the RREQ it unicasts a route reply RREP back to the source node along the path of the RREQ This is done regardless of route quality and regardless of how many times an RREQ has been seen before This allows the source node to receive multiple route replies The source node selects the route with the best round trip route quality which it will use for the queued packet and for subsequent packets with the same destination address Throughput Throughput in a DigiMesh network can vary by a number of variables including number of hops encryption enabled disabled sleeping end devices failures route discoveries Our empirical testing showed the following throughput performance in a robust operating environment low interference 80 kb s version 115 2 kb s serial data rate 100 KB Configuration Data Throughput Mesh unicast 1 hop Encryption Disabled 35 6
26. is included in the module Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 119 Migrating from XBee through hole to XBee SMT modules The XBee 865 868LP modules are designed to be compatible with the XBee through hole modules The SMT modules have all the features of the through hole modules and offer the increased feature set Pin mapping Mapping of the XBee SMT module pins to the XBee through hole pins is shown in the following table SMT Pin Name Through hole Pin 1 GND 2 VDD 1 3 DOUT DIO13 2 4 DIN CONFIG DIO14 3 5 DIO12 4 6 RESET 5 7 DIO10 RSSI PWMO 6 8 PWM1 DIO11 7 9 reserved 8 10 DTR SLEEP_REQUEST DIO8 9 11 GND 10 12 SPI_ATTN DIO19 13 GND 14 SPI_CLK DIO18 15 SPI_SSEL DIO17 16 SPI_MOSI DIO16 17 SPI_MISO DIO15 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 120 SMT Pin Name Through hole Pin 18 reserved 19 reserved 20 reserved 21 reserved 22 GND 23 reserved 24 DIO4 11 25 CTS DIO7 12 26 ON SLEEP DIO9 13 27 VREF 14 28 ASSOCIATE DIO5 15 29 RTS DIO6 16 30 AD3 DIO3 17 31 AD2 DIO2 18 32 AD1 DIO1 19 33 ADO DIOO 20 34 reserved 35 GND 36 RF 37 reserved Mounting the modules One of the important differences between the SMT and the through hole modules is the way they mount to the PCB The XBee through hole module is designed with through
27. is packetized in the API format 2 API mode is on with escaped sequences inserted to allow for control characters XON XOFF escape and the 0x7e delimiter to be passed as data AO API Options The API data frame output format for received 0 1 0 frames This parameter applies to both the UART and SPI interfaces 0 API RX Indicator 0x90 1 API Explicit RX Indicator 0x91 I O Settings commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default CB Commissioning Pushbutton This command can be used to 0 4 n a simulate commissioning button presses in software The parameter value should be set to the number of button presses to be simulated For example sending the ATCB1 command will execute the action associated with 1 commissioning button press DO DIOO ADO Configuration Pin 33 0 5 1 0 Disabled 1 Commissioning button 2 ADC 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high D1 DIO1 AD1 Configuration Pin 32 0 2 5 0 0 Disabled 2 ADC 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 87 AT Command D2 Name and Description DIO2 AD2 Configuration Pin 31 0 Disabled 2 ADC 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high I O Settings commands Parameter Range 0 2 5 Default 0 D3 DIO3 AD3 Configuration Pin 30 0 Disabled 2 ADC 3 Digital input 4 Digital o
28. memory block must be erased in its entirety when performing an erase operation A block cannot be partially erased Flash memory has a limited lifetime The flash memory on which the GPM is based is rated at 20 000 erase cycles before failure Care must be taken to ensure that the frequency of erase write operations allows for the desired product lifetime Digi s warranty will not cover products whose number of erase cycles has been exceeded Over the Air firmware upgrades described in the next section require the entire GPM be erased Any user data stored in the GPM will be lost during an over the air upgrade Over the Air firmware upgrades XBee DigiMesh 868 modules provide two methods of updating the firmware on the module Firmware can be updated locally via XCTU a free testing and configuration utility provided by Digi using the radio s serial port interface Firmware can also be updated using the radios RF interface Over the Air Updating The over the air firmware upgrading method provided is a robust and versatile technique which can be tailored to many different networks and applications It has been engineered to be reliable and minimize disruption of normal network operations There are three phases of the over the air upgrade process distributing the new application verifying the new application and installing the new application In the following section the node which will be upgraded will be referred to as the target
29. message in the Digi XBee 865 868LP RF module hardware section Revision is skipped November 2014 Corrected Pin 7 typos on pages 15 and 129 Corrected the schematic on page 22 March 2015 Disclaimers Replaced the warranty section Removed a duplicate description of the HP command Removed the DC and TA commands Corrected other parameters Corrected the formula provided for transmitting a broadcast Added transmit options to the Explicit Addressing Command Frame Created a troubleshooting section Added effective isotropic radiated power e i r p notes Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Digi International Digi provides this document as is without warranty of any kind expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of fitness or merchantability for a particular purpose Digi may make improvements and or changes in this manual or in the product s and or the program s described in this manual at any time Trademarks and copyright Digi Digi International and the Digi logo are trademarks or registered trademarks in the United States and other countries worldwide All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners 2015 Digi International All rights reserved Warranty View the product s warranty online http www digi com howtobuy terms Custom
30. node The node providing the update information will be referred to as the source node In most applications the source node will be locally attached to a PC running update software Distributing the new application The first phase of performing an over the air upgrade on a module is transferring the new firmware file to the target node The new firmware image should be loaded in the target node s GPM prior to installation XBee DigiMesh 868 modules use an encrypted binary ebin file for both serial and over the air firmware upgrades These firmware files are available on the Digi Support website The contents of the ebin file should be sent to the target radio using general purpose memory WRITE commands The entire GPM should be erased prior to beginning an upload of an ebin file The contents of the ebin file should be stored in order in the appropriate GPM memory blocks The number of bytes that are sent in an individual GPM WRITE frame is flexible and can be catered to the user application Example XBee DigiMesh 868 firmware version 80xx has an ebin file of 55 141 bytes in length Based on network traffic it was determined that sending a 128 byte packet every 30 seconds minimized network disruption For this reason the ebin should be divided and addressed as follows Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 60 Over the Air firmware upgrades GPM_BLOCK_NUM GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES ebin bytes
31. node misses sync messages the time available for transmitting messages in the wake time is reduced to maintain synchronization accuracy By default a module will also reduce its active sleep time progressively as sync messages are missed Synchronization messages Asleep coordinator will regularly send sync messages to keep the network in sync Nodes which have not been synchronized or in some cases which have lost sync will also send messages requesting sync information Deployment mode is used by sleep compatible nodes when they are first powered up and the sync message has not been relayed A sleep coordinator in deployment mode will rapidly send sync messages until it receives a relay of one of those messages This allows a network to be deployed more effectively and allows a sleep coordinator which is accidentally or intentionally reset to rapidly re synchronize with the rest of the network If a node which has exited deployment mode receives a sync message from a sleep coordinator which is in deployment mode the sync will be rejected and a corrective sync will be sent to the sleep coordinator Deployment mode can be disabled using the sleep options command SO A sleep coordinator which is not in deployment mode or which has had deployment mode disabled will send a sync message at the beginning of the wake cycle The sleep coordinator will then listen for a neighboring node to relay the sync If the relay is not heard the sync coordinato
32. of the 64 bit 0 OxFFFFFFFF 0 destination address When combined with DL it defines the destination address used for transmission in transparent mode DL Destination Address Low The lower 32 bits of the 64 bit 0 OxFFFFFFFF OxOOOOFFFF destination address When combined with DH DL defines the destination address used for transmission in transparent mode TO Transmit Options Bits 6 and 7 0x40 This command defines transmission options for all packets cannot be setto 10k product originating from this radio These options can be overridden DigiMesh onthe 0xCO on a packet by packet basis by using the TxOptions field of the 10k build 80k product API TxRequest frames Bits 4 and 5 must Bit Meaning Description be set to 0 6 7 Delivery method b 00 lt invalid option gt Bits 1 2 and 3 b 01 Point Multipoint cannot be set on b 10 Repeater mode the 10k build directed broadcast of packets b 11 DigiMesh not available on 10k product 5 Reserved lt set this bit to 0 gt 4 Reserved lt set this bit to 0 gt 3 Trace Route Enable a Trace Route on all DigiMesh API packets 2 NACK Enable a NACK messages on all DigiMesh API packets 1 Disable RD Disable Route Discovery on all DigiMesh unicasts 0 Disable ACK Disable acknowledgments on all unicasts Example 1 Setting TO to 0x80 would cause all transmissions to be sent using repeater mode Example 2 Setting TO to 0xC1 would cause all transmissions to be sent using DigiMe
33. on page 12 SPI serial connections on page 13 and GPIO specifications on page 13 For example if the secondary processor is running at 20 MHZ and the primary processor is in receive mode then the new current value will be Itotal Ir2 Irx 14 mA 9 MA 23 mA where Ir2 is the runtime current of the secondary processor and Irx is the receive current of the primary Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 13 Specifications Specifications of the programmable secondary processor Optional secondary processor specification Add these numbers to specifications Runtime current for 32k running at 2OMHZ 14 mA Runtime current for 32k running at 1MHZ 1 mA Sleep current 0 5 pA typical Vref Range 1 8 VDC to Vpp Microcontroller Freescale Flexis 8 bit S08 microcontroller Freescale SO8QE Family Part number MC9SO8QE32 1 Add to RX TX and sleep currents depending on the mode of operation Mechanical drawings The following figures shows the mechanical drawings of the Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules Antenna options are not shown Note All dimensions are in inches 0 005 0 040 0 005 43 PIN 37 A A PIN1 A NOMINAL 125 2 MAXIMUM 140 d INCLUDES LABEL 0 02 0 01 A 0 87 0 01 008 0 01 TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW BOTTOM VIEW 0 02 1 33 0 02 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 14 Pin signa
34. output will go to the UART until the first input on SPI In the default configuration the UART and the SPI ports are both configured for I O Initially all serial data goes out the UART But as soon as input occurs on either port that port is selected as the active port and no input or output is allowed on the other port until the next reset of the module If the configuration is changed so that only one port is configured then that port is the only one enabled or used If the parameters are written with only one port enabled then the port that is not enabled is not even used temporarily after the next reset If both ports are disabled on reset the UART is used in spite of the wrong configuration so that at least one serial port is operational Serial receive buffer When serial data enters the RF Module through the DIN Pin or the MOSI pin the data is stored in the serial receive buffer until it can be processed Under certain conditions the module may not be able to process data in the serial receive buffer immediately If large amounts of serial data are sent to the module such that the serial receive buffer would overflow then the new data is discarded If the UART is in use this can be avoided by the host side honoring CTS flow control If the SPI is the serial port no hardware flow control is available It is the user s responsibility to ensure that receive buffer is not overflowed One reliable strategy is to wait for a TX_ST
35. packet should be ignored If the Success field is equal to zero then the RSSI fields should be ignored Trace routing In many applications it is useful to determine the route which a DigiMesh unicast takes to its destination This information is especially useful when setting up a network or diagnosing problems within a network The Trace Route API option of Tx Request Packets see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules API operation on page 97 for a description of the API frames causes routing information packets to be transmitted to the originator of a DigiMesh unicast by the intermediate nodes When a unicast is sent with the Trace Route API option enabled the unicast is sent to its destination radios which forward the unicast to its eventual destination will transmit a Route Information RI packet back along the route to the unicast originator A full description of Route Information API packets can be found in the API section of this manual In general they contain addressing information for the unicast and the intermediate hop for which the trace route packet was generated RSSI information and other link quality information Example Suppose that a data packet with trace route enabled was successfully unicast from radio A to radio E through radios B C and D The following sequence would occur Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 47 Network commissioning and diagnostics After the successful MAC transmission of the data packet fro
36. temperature setting and the time to reach the temperature The cooling cycle is not shown Time seconds Temperature degrees C 30 65 60 100 90 135 120 160 150 195 180 240 210 260 The maximum temperature should not exceed 260 degrees Celsius The module will reflow during this cycle and therefore must not be reflowed upside down Care should be taken not to jar the module while the solder is molten as parts inside the module can be removed from their required locations Hand soldering is possible and should be done in accordance with approved standards Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 123 Recommended footprint Recommended footprint We recommend that you use the PCB footprint shown below for surface mounting Dimensions are in millimeters 24 33 22 00 33 78 The solder footprint should be matched to the copper pads but may need to be adjusted depending on the specific needs of assembly and product standards While the underside of the module is mostly coated with solder resist we recommend that the copper layer directly below the module be left open to avoid unintended contacts Copper or vias must not interfere with the three exposed RF test points on the bottom of the module see below Furthermore these modules have a ground plane in the middle on the back side for shielding purposes which can be affected by copper traces directly below the m
37. that application developers can use hardware interrupts Note that in order for Application interrupts to function properly the Application s linker command file prm extension must be modified appropriately to allow the linker to place the developers code in the correct place in memory For example the developer desires to use the serial communications port SCI1 receive interrupt The developer would add the following line to the Codewarrior linker command file for the project VECTOR ADDRESS 0x0000F1E0 vScilRx This will inform the linker that the interrupt function vSci1Rx should be placed at address OxO000F1E0 Next the developer should add a file to their project vector_table c that creates an array of function pointers to the ISR routines used by the application extern void _Startup void _Startup located in Start 8 amp c extern void vScilRx void scil rx isr extern short iWriteToScil unsigned char x void vDummyIsr void pragma CONST_SEG VECTORS void const vector_table void Relocated Interrupt vector table vDummyIsr Int no Vtpm3o0vf at F1C0 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 1 Vtpm3ch5 at F1C2 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 2 Vtpm3ch4 at F1C4 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 3 Vtpm3ch3 at F1C6 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 4 Vtpm3ch2 at F1C8 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 5 Vtpm3chl at F1CA Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 6 Vtpm3ch at F1CC Una
38. the actual baud rate Ox6ACFCO Providing the host supports it Baud rates can go as high as 7Mb s The values from 0 to 8 are interpreted as follows 0 1 200 b s 3 9 600b s 6 57 600 b s 1 2 400 b s 4 19 200 b s 7 115 200 b s 2 4 800 b s 5 38 400b s 8 230 400 b s NB Parity Set or read parity settings for UART communications The 0 2 0 No values from 0 to 2 are interpreted as follows parity 0 No parity 1 Even parity 2 Odd parity SB Stop Bits The number of stop bits for the UART 0 1 0 0 One stop bit 1 Two stop bits RO Packetization Timeout The number of UART character times of 0 OxFF 3 inter character silence required before packetization in x character transparent mode Set RO 0 to transmit characters as they times arrive instead of buffering them into one RF packet Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 86 I O Settings commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default FT Flow Control Threshold The UART flow control threshold De 0x11 Ox16F 0x13F assert CTS and or send XOFF when FT bytes are in the UART receive buffer Re assert CTS when less than FT 16 bytes are in the UART receive buffer AP API mode The UART API mode The following settings are 0 2 0 allowed 0 Transparent mode API mode is off All UART input and output is raw data and packets are delineated using the RO and RB parameters 1 API mode without escapes is on All UART input and output data
39. thickness of the dielectric below the top layer The top layer has an RF trace running from pin 36 of the module to the RF pin of the RPSMA connector The RF trace s width determines the impedance of the transmission line with relation to the ground plane e Many online tools can estimate this value but you should consult the PCB manufacturer for the exact width Assuming d 0 025 and that the dielectric has a relative permittivity of 4 4 the width in this example will be approximately 0 045 for a 50 Q trace This trace width is a good fit with the module footprint s 0 060 pad width We do not recommend using a trace wider than the pad width and using a very narrow trace under 0 010 can cause unwanted FF loss The length of the trace is minimized by placing the RPSMA jack close to the module All of the grounds on the jack and the module are connected to the ground planes directly or through closely placed vias Space any ground fill on the top layer at least twice the distance d in this case at least 0 050 from the microstrip to minimize their interaction Implementing these design suggestions ensures that the RF Pad module performs to its specifications Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 19 Specifications PCB Layer 1 of RF layout example Maintain a distance of at least 2d between microstrip and ground fill Module pin 36 PCB Layer 2 of RF layout example Use multiple vias to
40. true if the node has ever received a valid sync message since the time it was powered on 3 This bit will be true if the node has received a sync message in the current wake cycle 4 This bit will be true if the user has altered the sleep settings on the module so that the node will nominate itself and send a sync message with the new settings at the beginning of the next wake cycle 5 This bit will be true if the user has requested that the node nominate itself as the sleep coordinator using the commissioning button or the CB2 command 6 This bit will be true if the node is currently in deployment mode All other bits Reserved All non documented bits can be any value and should be ignored Sleep diagnostics commands Parameter Range read only Default 0x40 OS Operational Sleep Period The sleep period that the node is currently using This number will oftentimes be different from the SP parameter if the node has synchronized with a sleeping router network Units of 10mSec read only 0x190 OW Operational Wake Period The wake time that the node is currently using This number will oftentimes be different from the ST parameter if the node has synchronized with a sleeping router network Units of 1 ms read only 0x1F40 MS Number of Missed Syncs The number of wake cycles that have elapsed since the last sync message was received Supported in the 80k firmware variant only read only
41. 0 40401122 AT Command Response Frame type 0x88 In response to an AT Command message the module will send an AT Command Response message Some commands will send back multiple frames for example the ND Node Discover command Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the Length checksum LSB2 0x05 Frame Type 3 0x88 Frame ID 4 0x01 Identifies the UART data frame being reported Note If Frame ID 0 in the associated request frame then no response frame will be delivered AT Command i B 0x42 Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command 6 D 0x44 Frame specific Data N Command Status 0x00 The least significant nibble indicates the command status 0 OK 1 ERROR 2 Invalid Command 3 Invalid Parameter The most significant nibble is a bitfield as follows 0x40 The RSSI field is invalid and should be ignored Software prior to version 8x60 did not include RSSI information 0x80 Response is a remote command Command Data Register data in binary format If the register was set then this field is not returned as in this example Checksum 8 OxFO OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Suppose the BD parameter is changed on the local device with a frame ID of 0x01 If successful parameter was valid the above response would be received
42. 0x10 A Transmit Request API frame causes the module to send data as an RF packet to the specified destination The 64 bit destination address should be set to 0x000000000000FFFF for a broadcast transmission to all devices For unicast transmissions the 64 bit address field should be set to the address of the desired destination node The reserved field should be set to OxFFFE This example shows if escaping is disabled AP 1 Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the Length checksum LSB2 0x16 Frame Type 3 0x10 prame specife cer re iD 4 0x01 Identifies the UART data frame for the host to Data Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgment If set to 0 no response is sent 102 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description 64 bit MSB5 0x00 Set to the 64 bit address of the destination device The Destination ae following address is also supported x Address 0x000000000000FFFF Broadcast address 7 OxA2 8 0x00 9 0x40 10 Ox0A 11 0x01 LSB 12 0x27 Reserved 13 OxFF Set to OxFFFE 14 OxFE Broadcast Radius 15 0x00 Sets maximum number of hops a broadcast transmission can occur If set to 0 the broadcast radius will be set to the maximum hops value F ifi eats Transmit Options 16 0x00
43. 1 in the least significant bit indicates the GPM does not contain a valid firmware image All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_BLOCK_NUM This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_START_INDEX This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_NUM_BYTES This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_DATA This field is unused for this command Example To verify a firmware image previously loaded into the GPM on a target radio with serial number of 0x0013a200407402ac a FIRMWARE_VERIFY packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 01C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 OQ 05 QO 0000 9000 0000 1F Assuming all transmissions were successful and that the firmware image previously loaded into the GPM is valid the following API packets would be output the source node s UART 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E QQ1A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 85 08 0000 9000 0000 5F Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 59 Over the Air firmware upgrades Working with Flash Memory When working with the General Purpose Memory the user should be aware of a number of limitations associated with working with flash memory Flash memory write operations are only capable of changing binary 1 s to binary 0 s Only the erase operation can change binary 0 s to binary 1 s For this reason it is usually necessary to erase a flash block before performing a write operation Aflash
44. 118 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide CE labeling requirements 118 Restrictions 119 Declarations of Conformity 119 Antenna 119 Migrating from XBee through hole to XBee SMT modules 120 Pin mapping 120 Mounting the modules 121 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules manufacturing information 123 Recommended solder reflow cycle 123 Recommended footprint 124 Flux and cleaning 125 Reworking 125 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide Module hardware The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules provide wireless connectivity to end point devices in mesh networks With the XBee users can have their network up and running in a matter of minutes without configuration or additional development The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module consists of firmware loaded onto Digi XBee S8 hardware You can build networks up to 128 nodes using the XBee modules For larger networks up to 1000 nodes Digi offers RF Optimization Services to assist with proper network configuration Contact Digi Technical Support for more details Note The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules are not compatible with other XBee products XBee S8 hardware description The XBee S8 radio module hardware consists of an Energy Micro EFM 32G230F128 microcontroller an Analog Devices ADF7023 radio transceiver and in the Programmable version a Freescale MC9S08QE32 microcontroller European acceptance The Digi XBee 865 868LP is manufactured under ISO 900 2000 registered standards
45. 1C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 OQ OO QO 0000 0000 0000 24 Assuming all transmissions were successful the following API packets would be output the source node s UART 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E Q01A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 80 00 0077 0200 0000 EB ERASE 0x01 The ERASE command erases writes all bits to binary 1 one or all of the GPM flash blocks The ERASE command can also be used to erase all blocks of the GPM by setting the GPM_NUM_BYTES field to 0 Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to ERASE 0x01 GPM_OPTIONS There are currently no options defined for the ERASE command Set this field to 0 GPM_BLOCK_NUM Set to the index of the GPM block that should be erased When erasing all GPM blocks this field is ignored set to 0 GPM_START_INDEX The ERASE command only works on complete GPM blocks The command cannot be used to erase part of a GPM block For this reason GPM_START_INDEX is unused set to 0 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 55 Field Name GPM_NUM_BYTES General purpose flash memory Command Specific Description Setting GPM_NUM_BYTES to 0 has a special meaning It indicates that every flash block in the GPM should be erased not just the one specified with GPM_BLOCK_NUM In all other cases the GPM_NUM_BYTES field should be set to the GPM flash block size GPM_DATA No data bytes are specified for this co
46. 5 Digital output high 0 5 P1 DIO11 PWM1 Configuration Pin 8 0 Disabled 1 32 768 kH clock output 2 PWM1 output 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 5 P2 DIO12 Configuration Pin 5 0 Disabled 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 3 5 P3 DIO13 DOUT Configuration Pin 3 0 Disabled 1 UART DOUT output 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 1 3 5 P4 DIO14 DIN Configuration Pin 4 0 Disabled 1 UART DIN input 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 1 3 5 P5 DIO15 SPI_MISO Configuration Pin 17 0 Disabled 1 SPI_LMISO 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 1 4 5 89 AT Command P6 Name and Description DIO16 SPI_MOSI Configuration Pin 16 0 Disabled 1 SPI_MOSI 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high I O Settings commands Parameter Range 0 1 4 5 Default 1 P7 DIO17 SPI_SSEL Configuration Pin 15 0 Disabled 1 SPI_SSEL 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 1 4 5 P8 D1018 SPI_SCIk Configuration Pin 14 0 Disabled 1 SPI_SClk 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 1 4 5 P9 DIO19 SPI_ATTN Configuration Pin 12 0 Disabled 1 SPI
47. ATUS response after each frame sent to ensure that the module has had time to process it Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 35 Serial communications Serial transmit buffer When RF data is received the data is moved into the serial transmit buffer and sent out the UART or SPI port If the serial transmit buffer becomes full and system buffers are also full then the entire RF data packet is dropped Whenever data is received faster than it can be processed and transmitted out the serial port there is a potential of dropping data UART flow control The RTS and CTS module pins can be used to provide RTS and or CTS flow control CTS flow control provides an indication to the host to stop sending serial data to the module RTS flow control allows the host to signal the module to not send data in the serial transmit buffer out the UART RTS and CTS flow control are enabled using the D6 and D7 commands Serial port flow control is not possible when using the SPI port CTS flow control If CTS flow control is enabled D7 command when the serial receive buffer is 17 bytes away from being full the module de asserts CTS sets it high to signal to the host device to stop sending serial data CTS is re asserted after the serial receive buffer has 34 bytes of space See FT for the buffer size RTS flow control If RTS flow control is enabled D6 command data in the serial transmit buffer is not sent out the DOUT pin as long as RTS
48. Bee 865 868LP RF Module uses a multi layered firmware base to order the flow of data dependent on the hardware and software configuration chosen by the user This configuration block diagram is shown below with the host serial interface as the physical starting point and the antenna as the physical endpoint for the transferred data As long as a block is able to touch another block the two interfaces can interact For example if the module is using SPI mode Transparent mode is not available as shown in the following image Host Serial Interface SPI Transparent AT Command API Mode Mode Mode Command Handler Packet Handler MAC PHY Layer Point Multipoint The command handler is the code that processes commands from AT Command Mode or API Mode see AT commands on page 99 The command handler can also process commands from remote radios see Remote AT commands on page 100 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 29 Listen Before Talk Automatic Frequency Agility LBT AFA g band mode Listen Before Talk Automatic Frequency Agility LBT AFA g band mode This radio implements Listen Before Talk LBT and Automatic Frequency Agility AFA The advantage of LBT AFA is that the radio can bypass the Duty Cycle requirement imposed by ETSI LBT AFA requires that at least two frequencies be used for transmission The g band mode contains several sub bands See Module hardware on page 9 for a full list of channels and frequencies
49. Bitfield bit 0 Disable ACK bit 1 Don t attempt RD bit 2 Enable Unicast NACK messages bit 3 Enable Unicast Trace Route messages bits 6 7 b 01 Point Multipoint b 10 Repeater mode directed broadcast b 11 DigiMesh not available on 10k product All other bits must be set to 0 RF Data 17 0x54 Data that is sent to the destination device 18 0x78 19 0x44 20 0x61 21 0x74 22 0x61 23 0x30 24 0x41 Checksum 25 0x13 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte The example above shows how to send a transmission to a module where escaping is disabled AP 1 with destination address 0x0013A200 40014011 payload TxData0A If escaping is enabled AP 2 the frame should look like x7E 0x00 0x16 0x10 Ox 1 Ox0 Ox7D Ox33 OxA2 Ox O 0x40 OxOA 0x01 0x27 OxFF OxFE x x0 0x54 0x78 0x44 Ox61 Ox74 Ox61 0x30 0x41 Ox7D 0x33 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 103 API frame specifications The checksum is calculated on all non escaped bytes as OxFF sum of all bytes from API frame type through data payload Explicit Addressing Command Frame Frame type 0x11 Allows application layer fields endpoint and cluster ID to be specified for a data transmission Similar to the Transmit Request but also requires application layer addressing fields to be specified endpoints cluster ID profile ID An Explicit Addressing Request API frame causes the module to send data as an RF packet to the spe
50. DISSH ZeNIV 20 H 991d Ha lt 00 Pey LNO AA iis zanavszax s Laid Hee C0 PEUTIC tzo ane T OIG NNOI GY 81011 4795 71ds C gt A asas nama170314 raavaru rater oaid ar QIGIG ISON IdS C gt qisoiaie SdOVCXL SIAIEX IELE by SIGIG OSIN ld lt gt g oswzaia saa xnses sdler zaid Hy lt gt ZOld Zd EN e LWOld 1ass7Ids lt gt 55 6314 L40Y ISON ColB gt 81d Fe lt D pOT f if 2 adra OSIN IHOZNAL FEL lt gt pey ag zigia ae Sa said SS IMOINGL S8Ld lt D E0IT ETY saia TVLX VOS 981d ep EAN cals BLS 105 LBL SS HOITAN BIOIG NLLY IdS lt gt r zason laNOV 0d0Y BHINEL edIBX OVLd Hae lt D BOIT ANOI BAY Haana lanav way eHoenei atenvid e lt 0 PEY 6010 43315 N0 zaara zaav vas zatax zvid Ha lt OIE aq a esziey eaue eaav ras eatan evid bs lt gt OId Idy 738 o pey Soid gossyC gt a tetay rate snza9 gt 8 010v vid Fa o gt 0938 Pedi 8010 087d3315 810 gt p saataxrsate assau maeniouy svid ay gt OIPEY S1D C gt e suziasvaaie Baavzzmamarzavid Fy SY1d 13534 9011 518 gt 44019401 Eday ZHIZa1 4v1d lt EOIC ECY uid a884 so EVAN Vt JOH BIOIG NLLVIdS dvd gt 80107 0874 IS 841070Yd a agyxe dvd NOIG IWMd Td a BIDIC ANMI SSH Cd lt gt 1353H Yd lt gt WMd C5 201d dvd lt Na dyd lt INOT CY IN 22 XBee 865 868 LP RF Modul
51. Data Reserved 12 0x00 Reserved Destination MSB 13 0x00 Address of the final destination node of this network Address level transmission 14 0x13 15 OxA2 16 0x00 17 0x40 18 0x52 19 OxAA LSB 20 OxAA Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 109 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description Source Address MSB 21 0x00 Address of the source node of this network level transmission 22 0x13 23 OxA2 24 0x00 25 0x40 26 0x52 27 OxDD LSB 28 OxDD Responder MSB 29 0x00 Address of the node that generated this Route Address Information Packet after sending or attempting to 30 0x13 send the packet to the next hop the Receiver Node 31 OxA2 Frame specific 32 0x00 oe 33 0x40 34 0x52 35 OxBB LSB 36 0xBB Receiver MSB 37 0x00 Address of the node to which the data packet was Address just sent or attempted to be sent to 38 0x13 39 OxA2 40 0x00 41 0x40 42 0x52 43 OxCC LSB 44 OxCC Checksum 45 OxCE OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte The above example represents a possible Route Information Frame that could be received when doing a trace route on a transmission from a radio with serial number 0x0013a2004052AAAA to a radio with serial number 0x0013a2004052DDDD This particular frame indicates that the transmission was successfully forwarded from the radio with serial number 0x0013a2004052BBBB to
52. EN_WRITE_RESPONSE 0x83 GPM_STATUS A 1 in the least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_BLOCK_NUM Matches the parameter passed in the request frame GPM_START_INDEX Matches the parameter passed in the request frame GPM_NUM_BYTES The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field For this command this field will be set to 0 GPM_DATA Example No data bytes are specified for these commands To write 15 bytes of incrementing data to flash block 22 of a target radio with serial number of 0x0013a200407402ac a WRITE packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 002B 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 CO 02 OO 0016 00O BQOF Q102030405060708090AQBOCODOEOF C5 Assuming all transmissions were successful and that flash block 22 was previously erased the following API packets would be output the source node s UART 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E QQ1A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 82 OQ 0016 0000 0000 4C READ 0x04 The READ command can be used to read the specified number of bytes from the GPM location specified Data can be queried from only one GPM block per command Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to READ 0x04 GPM_OPTIONS There are currently no options defined for this command Set this field to 0 GPM_BLOCK_NUM Set to the index of the GPM block that sho
53. F1FE Reset vector J void vDummyIsr void for if iWriteToSci1l STUCK IN UNASSIGNED ISR n r gt The interrupt routines themselves can be defined in separate files The vDummyIsr function is used in conjunction with iwritetoSci1 for debugging purposes Bootloader menu commands The bootloader accepts commands from both the local UART and OTA All OTA commands sent must be Unicast with only 1 byte in the payload for each command A response will be returned to the sender All Broadcast and multiple byte OTA packets are dropped to help prevent general OTA traffic from being interpreted as a command to the bootloader while in the menu Bypass mode B The bootloader provides a bypass mode of operation that essentially connects the Freescale MCU to the internal microcontroller s serial UART This allows direct communication to the internal microcontroller s radio for the purpose of firmware and radio configuration changes Once in bypass mode the XCTU utility can change modem configuration and or update module s firmware Bypass mode automatically handles any baud rate up to 115 2 kb s This command is unavailable when the module is accessed remotely Update firmware F The F command initiates a firmware download for both wired and over the air configurations Depending on the source of the command received via Over the Air or local UART the download will proceed via wired or over the air respectively Adjust tim
54. I Pins Module Pin Number SPI_SCLK DIO18 input 14 SPI_SSEL DIO17 input 15 SPI_MOSI DIO 16 input 16 SPI_MISO DIO15 output tri stated 17 SPI_ATTN output 12 For more information on SPI operation see SPI communications on page 31 GPIO specifications The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules have General Purpose Input Output GPIO ports available The exact list depends on the module configuration as some GPIO pads are used for purposes such as serial communication You can set the pin configuration by using DO D9 PO P9 and I O line monitoring You cannot sample pins P5 P9 but you may use them as outputs For more information on these commands see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules command reference tables on page 77 For more information on configuring and using GPIO ports see Pin signals on page 15 Electrical specifications for GPIO pads GPIO Electrical Specification Value Low Schmitt switching threshold 0 3 x Vpp High Schmitt switching threshold 0 7 x Vop Input pull up resistor value 40 kQ Input pull down resistor value 40 kQ Output voltage for logic 0 0 05 x Vpp Output voltage for logic 1 0 95 x Vpp Output source current 6 MA Output sink current 6 mA Total output current for GPIO pads 48 MA Hardware specifications for the programmable variant If the module includes the programmable secondary processor add the following table values to the specifications listed in UART pin assignments
55. K REV ECO DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE BY CKD APPR DATE TITLE APPROVALS DATE XBee XBee PRO SMT DESIGNED PCB Antenna DRAWN Keepout Area ls CHECKED ENGINEER PART NO REV Digi International Inc 1 2 3 4 All rights reserved DO NOT SCALE DRAWING SHEET 1 of 1 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 18 Specifications Design notes for RF pad modules The RF Pad is a soldered antenna connection The RF signal travels from pin 36 on the module to the antenna through an RF trace transmission line on the PCB Any additional components between the module and antenna will violate modular certification The RF trace should have a controlled impedance of 50 Q We recommend using a microstrip trace although you may also use coplanar waveguide if more isolation is needed Microstrip generally requires less area on the PCB than coplanar waveguide We do not recommend Stripline because sending the signal to different PCB layers can introduce matching and performance problems It is essential to follow good design practices when implementing the RF trace on a PCB Consider the following points The following figures show a layout example of a host PCB that connects an RF Pad module to a right angle through hole RPSMA jack The top two layers of the PCB have a controlled thickness dielectric material in between them The second layer has a ground plane that runs underneath the entire RF Pad area This ground plane is a distance d the
56. LATTN 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 6 UART data present indicator 0 1 4 6 PD Pull Direction The resistor pull direction bit field for corresponding I O lines that are set in the PR command 0 pull down 1 pull up Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 OxFFFFF bitfield 90 AT Command Name and Description PR Pull up Resistor The bit field that configures the internal pull up resistor status for the I O lines 1 Specifies the pull up down resistor is enabled 0 Specifies no pullup down Bits 0 DIO4 1 DIO3 AD3 2 DIO2 AD2 3 DIO1 AD1 4 DIOO ADO 5 DIO6 RTS 6 DIO8 SLEEP_REQUEST 7 DIO14 DIN CONFIG 8 DIO5 ASSOCIATE 9 DIO9 ON SLEEP 10 DIO12 11 DIO10 PWMO RSSI 12 DIO11 PWM1 13 DIO7 CTS 14 DIO13 DOUT Bit I O Line Module pin Range Notes 0 DIO4 AD4 11 55k 330k 1 1 DIO3 AD3 17 Sk 23k 2 2 DIO2 AD2 18 Sk 23k 2 3 DIO1 AD1 19 Sk 23k 2 4 DIOO ADO 20 Sk 23k 2 5 DIO6 RTS 16 5k 23k 2 6 DIO8 SLEEP_RQ DTR 9 Sk 23k 2 7 DIN CONFIG 3 Sk 23k 2 8 DIO5 ASSOCIATE 15 55k 330k 1 9 DIO9 ON SLEEP 13 Sk 23k 2 10 DIO12 4 Sk 23k 2 11 DIO10 PWMO RSSI 6 Sk 23k 2 12 DIO11 PWM1 7 5k 23k 2 13 DIO7 CTS 12 Sk 23k 2 14 DOUT 2 5k 23k 2 I O Settings commands Parameter Range 0 OxFFFFF bitfield Default OxFFFFF Note the following 1 When set as a digital input with pull up
57. L_CAUSE_NOTHING x0000 PIN LVD POR BL_CAUSE_NOTHING_COUNT 0x Q001 BL_Reset_Cause counter Bootloader increments cause every reset BL_CAUSE_BAD_APP x 010 Bootloader considers APP invalid BL_RESET_CAUSES typedef enum APP_CAUSE_NOTHING 0x0000 APP_CAUSE_USE 0 1 Qx0001 x 00 to x FF are considered valid for APP use APP_CAUSE_USE255 0x00FF APP_CAUSE_FIRMWARE_UPDATE x5981 APP_CAUSE_BYPASS_MODE Qx4682 APP_CAUSE_BOOTLOADER_MENU x6A18 APP_RESET_CAUSES Otherwise if the reset cause is a watchdog or other reset the bootloader checks the shared memory region for the APP_RESET_CAUSE If the reset cause is 1 APP_CAUSE_NOTHING or 0x0000 to OxOOFF the bootloader increments the BL_RESET_CAUSES verifies that it is still less than BL CAUSE_BAD_APP and jumps back to the application If the Application does not clear the BL_LRESET_CAUSE it can prevent an infinite loop of running a bad application that continues to perform illegal instructions or watchdog resets 2 APP_CAUSE_FIRMWARE_UPDATE the bootloader has been instructed to update the application over the air from a specific 64 bit address In this case the bootloader will attempt to initiate an Xmodem transfer from the 64 bit address located in shared RAM 3 APP_CAUSE_BYPASS_MODE the bootloader executes bypass mode This mode passes the local UART data directly to the internal microcontroller allowing for direct communication with the inte
58. Number of bytes between the length and the LSB 2 0x18 checksum Frame Type 3 0x91 64 bit Source MSB 4 0x00 64 bit address of sender Address 5 0x13 6 OxA2 7 0x00 8 0x40 9 0x52 10 0x2B LSB 11 OxAA Reserved 12 OXFF Reserved 13 OxFE Source Endpoint 14 OxEO Endpoint of the source that initiated the Frame specific transmission Data Destination 15 OxEO Endpoint of the destination the message is Endpoint addressed to Cluster ID 16 0x22 Cluster ID the packet was addressed to 17 0x11 Profile ID 18 OxC1 Profile ID the packet was addressed to 19 0x05 Receive Options 20 0x02 bit 0 Packet was acknowledged Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide bit 1 Broadcasted packet bits 6 7 b 01 Point Multipoint b 10 Repeater mode directed broadcast b 11 DigiMesh not available on 10k product Ignore other bits 113 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description Received Data 21 0x52 Received RF data 22 0x78 Frame specific a os moe 24 0x61 25 0x74 26 0x61 Checksum 27 0x56 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte In the above example a device with a 64 bit address of 0x0013A200 40522BAA sends a broadcast data transmission to a remote device with payload RxData Suppose the transmission was sent with source and destination endpoints of OxE0 cluster ID 0x2211 and profile ID 0xC105 If AO 1 on the receiving device it would sen
59. OxF6 10C O OxFF n a Force Sample Forces a read of all enabled digital and analog input lines n a n a V Supply Voltage The supply voltage of the module in millivolts Sleep commands AT Command SM Name and Description Sleep Mode The sleep mode of the module 0 Normal 1 Pin sleep In this mode the sleep wake state of the module is controlled by the SLEEP_REQUEST line 4 Asynchronous cyclic sleep In this mode the module periodically sleeps and wakes based on the SP and ST commands 5 Asynchronous cyclic sleep with pin wake up In this mode the module acts in the same way as asynchronous cyclic sleep with the exception that the module will prematurely terminate a sleep period when a falling edge of the SLEEP_REQUEST line is detected 7 Sleep support mode 8 Synchronous cyclic sleep mode Parameter Range 0 1 4 5 7 8 Default 0 SO Sleep Options The sleep options bit field of the module For synchronous sleep modules the following sleep options are defined 0 Preferred sleep coordinator 1 Non sleep coordinator 2 Enable API sleep status messages 3 Disable early wake up 4 Enable node type equality 5 Disable lone coordinator sync repeat For asynchronous sleep modules the following sleep options are defined 8 Always wake for ST time time Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 0x13E bitfield Bit 0 and bit
60. RSSI for channel Reads the dBm level of the designated channel n a R Reset number Tells the reason for the last module reset 0 Power up reset 2 Watchdog reset 3 Software reset 4 Reset line reset 5 Brownout reset n a TA Transmit Acknowledgment Errors Incremented once for each failed ack retry Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide O OxFFFF 80 Network commands Network commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default CE Node Messaging Options The module s routing and messaging 0 6 0 mode bit field A routing module will repeat broadcasts Indirect Messaging Coordinators will not transmit point to multipoint unicasts until they are requested by an end device Setting a radio as an end device will cause it to regularly send polls to its Indirect Messaging Coordinator Nodes can also be configured to route or not route multi hop packets Bit 0 Indirect Messaging Coordinator enable All point multipoint unicasts will be held until requested by a polling end device Bit 1 Disable routing on this node When set this node will not propagate broadcasts or become an intermediate node in a DigiMesh route This node will not function as a repeater Bit 2 Indirect Messaging Polling enable Periodically send requests for messages held by the node s coordinator Bit 0 and bit 2 cannot be set at the same time BH Broadcast Hops The transmission ho
61. Synchronization messages 70 Becoming a sleep coordinator 71 Configuration 73 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide Diagnostics 76 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules command reference tables 77 Special commands 77 MAC PHY level commands 78 Diagnostics commands 79 Network commands 81 Addressing commands 82 Addressing discovery configuration commands 84 Diagnostic addressing 86 Security commands 86 Serial Interfacing commands 86 I O Settings commands 87 I O Sampling commands 92 Sleep commands 93 Sleep diagnostics commands 95 AT command options 96 Firmware commands 96 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules API operation 97 API frame specifications 97 API operation AP parameter 1 97 API operation with escape characters AP parameter 2 97 Data bytes that need to be escaped 98 Length 98 Frame data 98 Checksum 99 API UART exchanges 99 AT commands 99 Transmitting and receiving RF data 100 Remote AT commands 100 Supporting the API 100 Frame data 101 AT command 101 AT command Queue parameter value 101 Transmit Request 102 Explicit Addressing Command Frame 104 Remote AT Command Request 106 AT Command Response 107 Modem Status 108 Transmit Status 108 Route Information Packet 109 Aggregate Addressing Update 111 Receive Packet 112 Explicit Rx Indicator 113 Node Identification Indicator 114 Remote Command Response 116 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules agency certifications 118 Europe ETSI 118 OEM labeling requirements
62. a loopback cluster ID 0x12 on the data endpoint OxE8 Any data sent to this cluster ID on the data endpoint will be transmitted back to the sender The configuration steps to send data to the loopback cluster ID depend on the AP setting AT configuration AP 0 To send data to the loopback cluster ID on the data endpoint of a remote device set the Cl command value to 0x12 The SE and DE commands should be set to OxE8 default value The DH and DL commands should be set to the address of the remote 0 for the coordinator or the 64 bit address of the remote After exiting command mode any received serial characters will be transmitted to the remote device and returned to the sender API configuration AP 1 or AP 2 Send an Explicit Addressing Command API frame 0x11 using 0x12 as the cluster ID and OxE8 as the source and destination endpoint Data packets received by the remote will be echoed back to the sender RSSI indicators It is possible to measure the received signal strength on a device using the DB command DB returns the RSSI value measured in dBm of the last received packet However this number can be misleading in DigiMesh networks The DB value only indicates the received signal strength of the last Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 44 Network commissioning and diagnostics hop If a transmission spans multiple hops the DB value provides no indication of the overall transmission path or the quality of
63. a one wire interface BKGD Pin 9 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 21 Specifications yoauuog yON 01 lt gt yosuuog 0N o1 lt gt y2euuog YON og gt SIOIG OS IdS dvd a a Sauuen peN oq gt SIOIC ISIdS C d 410107135571457 avd BIOIG ATIS dS avd 40 133HS JWIS OL LON SNIMVHC pamasa SqyBU ily M ouy jeuoneusau IBIG DEL YINI C339 WVHOVIC X90718 D JIAYNNYHIOYd dN IWS d7 808 338X aLva 57VA0HddY ava Waay 00 Ae 39NYHI 40 NOILAIYIS3C uo auuoJ ON oa a ES trO AY lt C gt 401d SLI dvd lt B SEIN 24 YO 9 ud HIIHA 0 s 3 uu03 434A aW Joy ajdwes o B S6IN JO aduaJayad Jeuse xa 0 pajdauuoa aq snw 434A 601d d1S NO dv d lt gt S3YA dVd CO SOId JOSSV dV d lt gt sold Slu advd gt e0ld edv avd lt gt Zoa Zay dvd lt gt lold idv dv g lt gt BOld WWO3 8dv d d gt aul Buruorssiwwog sso sisau dn WS Jamod mo 898 338X ajqewwes6osgd INS GZ 0OYd 338X 338X aqewwe 503d BZS 0Obd 338X 338X Ajsadoud peas 0 pajqeua nd jeusa u aney o paau suid ey a oN uor 3auuog oN lt gt ala 10a 022 saguauaj jIp amp JeMpJeH e u awepun auiwJa ap eee uea asem jos os pasn aJe 9 G pJLd sud esau Ped 4H lt gt he fr a y en
64. a unicast with an unknown route Transmitting a unicast with a broken route Note The timeouts in this section are theoretical timeouts and not precisely accurate The application should pad the calculated maximum timeouts by a few hundred milliseconds When using API mode Tx Status API packets should be the primary method of determining if a transmission has completed Unicast one hop time A building block of many of the calculations presented below is the unicastOneHopTime As its name indicates it represents the amount of time it takes to send a unicast transmission between two adjacent nodes It is dependent upon the H setting It is defined as follows unicastOneHopT ime H Transmitting a broadcast A broadcast transmission must be relayed by all routers in the network The maximum delay would be when the sender and receiver are on the opposite ends of the network The NH and H parameters define the maximum broadcast delay as follows BroadcastTxTime NH H Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 65 Data transmission and routing Transmitting a unicast with a known route When a route to a destination node is known the transmission time is largely a function of the number of hops and retries The timeout associated with a unicast assumes the maximum number of hops is necessary as specified by NH The timeout can be estimated in the following manner knownRouteUnicast 2 NH MR unicastOneHopT ime Transmitting a unicast
65. ackets The API operation option facilitates many operations such as the examples cited below Transmitting data to multiple destinations without entering Command Mode e Receive success failure status of each transmitted RF packet Identify the source address of each received packet Transparent operation vs API operation The following table compares the advantages of transparent and API modes of operation Transparent Operation Features Simple Interface All received serial data is transmitted unless the module is in command mode Easy to support It is easier for an application to support transparent operation and command mode API Operation Features Easy to manage data transmissions to multiple destinations Transmitting RF data to multiple remotes only requires changing the address in the API frame This process is much faster than in transparent operation where the application must enter AT command mode change the address exit command mode and then transmit data Each API transmission can return a transmit status frame indicating the success or reason for failure Received data frames indicate the sender s address All received RF data API frames indicate the source address Advanced addressing support API transmit and receive frames can expose addressing fields including source and destination endpoints cluster ID and profile ID Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 37 Mode
66. ajority of deployments In most cases we suggest that the parameter not be modified from its default value Decreasing its parameters for small networks can improve battery life but care should be taken so that the value is not made too small 2 Calculate the Sync Message Propagation Time SMPT This is the maximum amount of time it takes for a sleep synchronization message to propagate to every node in the network This number can be estimated with the following formula SMPT NH MT 1 18ms 3 Select desired duty cycle The ratio of sleep time to wake time is the factor that has the greatest effect on the RF Module s power consumption Battery life can be estimated based on the following factors sleep period wake time sleep current RX current TX current and battery capacity Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 73 4 Choose sleep period and wake time The wake time needs to be long enough to transmit the desired data as well as the sync message The ST parameter will automatically adjust upwards to its minimum value when other AT commands are changed that will affect it SP and NH Use a value larger than this minimum If a module misses successive sync messages it reduces its available transmit time to compensate for possible clock drift Budget a large enough ST time to allow for a few sync messages to be missed and still have time for normal data transmissions Starting a sleeping network By default all new n
67. alog inputs enabled for sampling Each bit in the analog channel mask corresponds to one analog input channel bit 0 ADO DIOO bit 1 AD1 DI01 bit 2 AD2 DIO2 bit 3 AD3 DIO3 bit 4 AD4 DIO4 bit 5 ASSOC AD5 DIO5 Variable Sampled Data Set If any digital IO lines are enabled the first two bytes of the data set indicate the state of all enabled digital IO Only digital channels that are enabled in the Digital Channel Mask bytes have any meaning in the sample set If no digital IO are enabled on the device these 2 bytes will be omitted Following the digital IO data if any each enabled analog channel will return 2 bytes The data starts with AINO and continues sequentially for each enabled analog input channel up to AIN5 If the IS command is issued from AT command mode then a carriage return delimited list will be returned containing the above listed fields If the command is issued via an API frame then the module will return an AT command response API frame with the IO data included in the command data portion of the packet Example Sample AT Response 0x01 r 1 sample set OxO0COC r Digital Inputs DIO 2 3 10 11 enabled 0x03 r Analog Inputs A D 0 1 enabled 0x0408 r Digital input states DIO 3 10 high DIO 2 11 low 0x03D0 r Analog input ADIO 0 0x3D0 0x0124 r Analog input ADIO 1 0x120 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 52 General purpose flash memory Periodic I O sampling
68. annel Data transmission and routing Unicast addressing When transmitting while using DigiMesh unicast communications reliable delivery of data is accomplished using retries and acknowledgments The number of mesh network retries is determined by the MR Mesh Network Retries parameter RF data packets are sent up to MR 1 times and ACKs acknowledgments are transmitted by the receiving node upon receipt If a network ACK is not received within the time it would take for a packet to traverse the network twice a retransmission occurs Note that when sending a DigiMesh unicast that both MAC and NWK retries acknowledgments are used MAC retries acknowledgments are used for transmissions between adjacent nodes in the route NWK retries acknowledgments are used across the entire route To send Unicast messages set the DH and DL on the transmitting module to match the corresponding SH and SL parameter values on the receiving module Broadcast addressing Broadcast transmissions will be received and repeated by all routers in the network Because ACKs are not used the originating node will send the broadcast multiple times By default a broadcast transmission is sent four times Essentially the extra transmissions become automatic retries without acknowledgments This will result in all nodes repeating the transmission four times as well In order to avoid RF packet collisions a random delay is inserted before each router relays the broadcast mes
69. ast Significant Byte Escape characters When sending or receiving a UART data frame specific data values must be escaped flagged so they do not interfere with the data frame sequencing To escape an interfering data byte insert 0x7D and follow it with the byte to be escaped XOR d with 0x20 Data bytes that need to be escaped x7E Frame Delimiter x7D Escape x11 XON e 0x13 XOFF Example Raw UART Data Frame before escaping interfering bytes x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 0x11 OxCB 0x11 needs to be escaped which results in the following frame 0x7E 0x00 0x02 0x23 Ox7D 0x31 xCB Note Inthe above example the length of the raw data excluding the checksum is 0x0002 and the checksum of the non escaped data excluding frame delimiter and length is calculated as xFF 0x23 x11 OxFF 0x34 Q xCB Length The length field has two byte value that specifies the number of bytes that will be contained in the frame data field It does not include the checksum field Frame data Frame data of the UART data frame forms an API specific structure as follows UART Data Frame amp API specific Structure Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 2 3 Bytes 4 n Byte n 1 Ox7E MSB LSB API specific Structure 1 Byte API Identifier Identifier specific Data cmdiD cmdData Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 98 API frame specifications
70. ay awake after receiving RF or serial data For synchronous sleep modules this command defines the amount of time that the module will stay awake when operating in cyclic sleep mode This value will be adjusted upwards automatically if it is too small to function properly based on other settings 1 Ox36EE80 x 1 ms 0x1F40 8 seconds WH Wake Host The wake host timer value If the wake host timer is set to a non zero value this timer specifies a time in millisecond units that the device should allow after waking from sleep before sending data out the UART or transmitting an I O sample If serial characters are received the WH timer is stopped immediately When in synchronous sleep the device will shorten its sleep period by the value specified by the WH command to ensure that it is prepared to communicate when the network wakes up When in this sleep mode the device will always stay awake for the WH time plus the amount of time it takes to transmit a one hop unicast to another node Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 0OxFFFF x 1ms 94 Sleep diagnostics commands AT Command SS Name and Description Sleep Status The SS command can be used to query a number of boolean bit values describing the status of the module 0 This bit will be true when the network is in its wake state 1 This bit will be true if the node is currently acting as a network sleep coordinator 2 This bit will be
71. bility to filter out additional API frames with unknown Frame Types API frame specifications Two API modes are supported and both can be enabled using the AP API Enable command Use the following AP parameter values to configure the module to operate in a particular mode e AP 1 API Operation AP 2 API Operation with escaped characters API operation AP parameter 1 When this API mode is enabled AP 1 the UART data frame structure is defined as follows UART Data Frame Structure Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 2 3 Bytes 4 n Byte n 1 0x7E MSB LSB API specific Structure 1 Byte MSB Most Significant Byte LSB Least Significant Byte Any data received prior to the start delimiter is silently discarded If the frame is not received correctly or if the checksum fails the module will reply with a module status frame indicating the nature of the failure API operation with escape characters AP parameter 2 When this API mode is enabled AP 2 the UART data frame structure is defined as follows Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 97 API frame specifications UART Data Frame Structure with escape control characters Start Delimiter Length Frame Data Checksum Byte 1 Bytes 2 3 Bytes 4 n Byte n 1 0x7E MSB LSB API specific Structure 1 Byte I Characters Escaped If Needed MSB Most Significant Byte LSB Le
72. by setting the preferred sleep coordinator bit bit 0 in the sleep operations parameter SO to 1 A node with the sleep coordinator bit set will always send a sync message at the beginning of a wake cycle For this reason it is imperative that no more than one node in the network has this bit set Although it is not necessary to specify a preferred sleep coordinator it is often useful to select a node for this purpose to improve network performance A node which is centrally located in the network can serve as a good sleep coordinator to minimize the number of hops a sync message must take to get across the network A sleep support node and or a node which is mains powered may be a good candidate The preferred sleep coordinator bit should be used with caution The advantages of using the option become weaknesses when used on a node that is not positioned or configured properly The preferred sleep coordinator option can also be used when setting up a network for the first time When starting a network a node can be configured as a sleep coordinator so it will begin sending sleep messages After the network is set up the preferred sleep coordinator bit can be disabled Nomination and election Nomination is an optional process that can occur on a node in the event that contact with the network sleep coordinator is lost By default this behavior is disabled This behavior can be enabled with the sleep options command SO This process will automati
73. cally occur in the event that contact with the previous sleep coordinator is lost Any sleep compatible node which has this behavior enabled is eligible to become the sleep coordinator for the network If a sleep compatible node has missed three or more sync messages and is not configured as a non sleep coordinator presumably because the sleep coordinator has been disabled it may become a sleep coordinator Depending on the platform and other configured options such a node will eventually nominate itself after a number of cycles without a sync A nominated node will begin acting as the new network sleep coordinator It is possible for multiple nodes to nominate themselves as the sleep coordinator If this occurs an election will take place to establish seniority among the multiple sleep coordinators Seniority is determined by four factors in order of priority 1 Newer sleep parameters a node using newer sleep parameters SP ST is considered senior to a node using older sleep parameters See Changing sleep parameters on page 75 2 Preferred Sleep Coordinator a node acting as a preferred sleep coordinator is senior to other nodes 3 Sleep Support Node sleep support nodes are senior to cyclic sleep nodes This behavior can be modified using the SO parameter 4 Serial number in the event that the above factors do not resolve seniority the node with the higher serial number is considered senior Commissioning button The commissioning
74. cified destination using the specified source and destination endpoints cluster ID and profile ID The 64 bit destination address should be set to 0x000000000000FFFF for a broadcast transmission to all devices For unicast transmissions the 64 bit address field should be set to the address of the desired destination node The reserved field should be set to OxFFFE The broadcast radius can be set from 0 up to NH to OxFF If the broadcast radius exceeds the value of NH then the value of NH will be used as the radius This parameter is only used for broadcast transmissions The maximum number of payload bytes can be read with the NP command Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB1 Ox00 Number of bytes between the length and the Length checksum LSB 2 Ox1A Frame Type 3 0x11 Frame ID 4 0x01 Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgment If set to 0 no response is sent 64 bit MSB5 0x00 Set to the 64 bit address of the destination device Destination The following address is also supported Address 6 0x13 l 0xA2 0x000000000000FFFF Broadcast address Frame specific 8 0x00 Data 9 0x01 10 0x23 11 0x84 LSB12 0x00 Reserved 13 OxFF Set to OxFFFE 14 OxFE Source Endpoint 15 OxAO Source endpoint for the transmission Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 104 API frame specifications
75. d Queue parameter value Frame type 0x09 This API type allows module parameters to be queried or set In contrast to the AT Command API type new parameter values are queued and not applied until either the AT Command 0x08 API type or the AC Apply Changes command is issued Register queries reading parameter values are returned immediately Send a command to change the baud rate BD to 115200 baud but don t apply changes yet Module will continue to operate at the previous baud rate until changes are applied Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 101 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the Length checksum LSB2 0x05 Frame Type 3 0x09 Frame ID 4 0x01 Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgment If set to 0 no response is sent Frame specific asia AT Command 5 0x42 B Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify the AT Command 6 0x44 D Parameter Value 0x07 If present indicates the requested parameter value to ATBD7 115200 set the given register If no characters present baud register is queried Checksum 8 0x68 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte In this example the parameter could have been sent as a zero padded 2 byte or 4 byte value Transmit Request Frame type
76. d and is ready for packetization the RF module will attempt to transmit the data The destination address determines which node s will receive and send the data In the diagram below route discovery applies only to DigiMesh transmissions The data will be transmitted once a route is established If route discovery fails to establish a route the packet will be discarded Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 38 Modes of operation Transmit Mode sequence Successful Transmission Yes Route Known Transmit Data New Transmission No Route Discovery Route Discovered No Idle Mode Data Discarded When DigiMesh data is transmitted from one node to another a network level acknowledgment is transmitted back across the established route to the source node This acknowledgment packet indicates to the source node that the data packet was received by the destination node If a network acknowledgment is not received the source node will re transmit the data For more information see Data transmission and routing on page 63 Receive Mode If a valid RF packet is received the data is transferred to the serial transmit buffer This is the default mode for the XBee radio Command Mode To modify or read RF Module parameters the module must first enter into Command Mode a state in which incoming serial characters are interpreted as commands Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules API operation on page 97 describes a
77. d its link 2 Payload size The size of the test packet that was sent to test the link 2 Iterations The number of packets which were sent 2 Success The number of packets successfully acknowledged 2 Retries The total number of MAC retries used to transfer all the packets 1 Result 0x00 command was successful 0x03 invalid parameter used 1 RR The maximum number of MAC retries allowed 1 maxRSSI The strongest RSSI reading observed during the test 1 minRSSI The weakest RSSI reading observed during the test 1 avgRSSI The average RSSI reading observed during the test Example Suppose that the link between radio A SH SL 0x0013a20040521234 and radio B SH SL 0x0013a2004052abcd is to be tested by transmitting 1000 40 byte packets The following API packet should be sent to the UART of the radio on which the results should be output radio C Note that radio C can be the same radio as radio A or B whitespace used to delineate fields bold text is the payload portion of the packet 7E 0020 11 01 0013A20040521234 FFFE E6 E6 0014 C105 00 QO 0013A2004052ABCD 0028 03E8 EB And the following is a possible packet that could be returned 7E 0027 91 0013A20040521234 FFFE E6 E6 0094 C105 00 Q013A2004052ABCD 0028 Q3E8 Q3E7 0064 00 OA 5 53 52 9F 999 out of 1000 packets successful 100 retries used RR 10 maxRSSl 80dBm minRSSI 83dBm avgRSS 82dBm If the result field is not equal to zero then an error has occurred The other fields in the
78. d the above frame out its UART Node Identification Indicator Frame type 0x95 This frame is received when a module transmits a node identification message to identify itself when AO 0 The data portion of this frame is similar to a network discovery response frame see the ND command If the commissioning push button is pressed on a remote router device with 64 bit address If the commissioning push button is pressed on a remote router device with 64 bit address 0x0013a200407402ac and default NI string the following node identification indicator would be received 0x7e 0025 9500 13a2 0040 7402 acff fec2 fffe 0013 a200 4074 02ac 2000 fffe 0101 c105 101e 000c 0000 2e33 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 114 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E length MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB 2 0x25 Frame Type 3 0x95 64 bit Source MSB4 0x00 64 bit address of sender Address 5 0x13 6 OxA2 7 0x00 8 0x40 9 0x74 10 0x02 LSB 11 OxAC Reserved 12 OxFF Reserved 13 OxFE Receive 14 OxC2 0x01 Packet Acknowledged Options 0x02 Packet was a broadcast packet 0x40 Point multipoint packet Frame specific 0x80 Directed broadcast packet Data OxCO DigiMesh packet Reserved 15 OxFF Reserved 16 OxFE 64 bit Address MSB17 0x00 Indicates the 64 bit address o
79. disabled the leakage can be 9 uA in the worst case and 90 nA in typical case when the line is set externally at a low level 2 When set as a digital input with pull up enabled the voltage of line will stabilize between Vcc 0 65V and Vcc 0 45V 15 DIO15 SPI_MISO 16 DIO16 SPI_MOSI 17 DIO17 SPI_SSEL 18 DIO18 SPI_SCLK 19 DIO19 SPI_ATTN Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 91 I O Sampling commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default MO PWMO Duty Cycle The duty cycle of the PWMO line The line 0 Ox3FF 0 should be configured as a PWM output using the PO command M1 PWM1 Duty Cycle The duty cycle of the PWM1 line The line 0 Ox3FF 0 should be configured as a PWM output using the P1 command LT Assoc LED Blink Time The Associate LED blink time If the 0x14 OxFF x10 0 Associate LED functionality is enabled D5 command this value ms determines the on and off blink times for the LED If LT 0 the default blink rate will be used 500ms sleep coordinator 250 ms otherwise For all other LT values LT is measured in 10 ms RP RSSI PWM Timer Time RSSI signal will be output after last O OxFF x 100 0x28 transmission When RP OxFF output will always be on ms 4 seconds I O Sampling commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default AV Analog Voltage Reference The analog voltage reference that is 0 1 0 used for A D sampling 0 1 25 V refer
80. e 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 117 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules agency certifications Europe ETSI The XBee RF Modules excluding the PRO have been certified for use in several European countries For a complete list refer to www digi com If the XBee RF Modules are incorporated into a product the manufacturer must ensure compliance of the final product to the European harmonized EMC and low voltage safety standards A Declaration of Conformity must be issued for each of these standards and kept on file as described in Annex Il of the R amp TTE Directive Furthermore the manufacturer must maintain a copy of the XBee user manual documentation and ensure the final product does not exceed the specified power ratings antenna specifications and or installation requirements as specified in the user manual If any of these specifications are exceeded in the final product a submission must be made to a notified body for compliance testing to all required standards OEM labeling requirements The CE marking must be affixed to a visible location on the OEM product CE labeling requirements The CE mark shall consist of the initials CE taking the following form Ifthe CE marking is reduced or enlarged the proportions given in the above graduated drawing must be respected The CE marking must have a height of at least 5mm except where this is not possible on account of the nature of the apparatus The CE marking must be a
81. e NODE_IDENTIFICATION_FRAME process node identification frame break default Discard any other API frame types that are not being used break Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 100 API frame specifications Frame data The following sections illustrate the types of frames encountered while using the API AT command Frame type 0x08 Used to query or set module parameters on the local device This API command applies changes after executing the command Changes made to module parameters take effect once changes are applied The API example below illustrates an API frame when modifying the NH parameter value of the module Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the Length checksum LSB2 0x04 Frame Type 3 0x08 Frame ID 4 0x52 R Identifies the UART data frame for the host to correlate with a subsequent ACK acknowledgment If set to 0 no response is sent Frame specific uw AT Command Ox4E N Command Name Two ASCII characters that identify Data the AT Command 6 0x48 H Parameter Value If present indicates the requested parameter value optional to set the given register If no characters present register is queried Checksum 8 0x0F OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte The above example illustrates an AT command when querying an NH value AT comman
82. e data endpoint will be transmitted back to the sender This is shown in the figure below Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 45 Network commissioning and diagnostics 2 The remote device receives data on the loopback cluster ID and data endpoint Mesh Network 1 Transmit data to the loopback cluster ID 0x12 and data endpoint OxE8 ona remote device Source Device Remote Device lt 4 Source receives loopback transmission and sends received data packet out the UART 3 Remote transmits the received packet back to the sender Demonstration of how the loopback cluster ID and data endpoint can be used to measure the link quality in a mesh network The configuration steps to send data to the loopback cluster ID depend on the AP setting AT configuration AP 0 To send data to the loopback cluster ID on the data endpoint of a remote device set the Cl command value to 0x12 The SE and DE commands should be set to OxE8 default value The DH and DL commands should be set to the address of the remote After exiting command mode any received serial characters will be transmitted to the remote device and returned to the sender API configuration AP 1 or AP 2 Send an Explicit Addressing ZigBee Command API frame 0x11 using 0x12 as the cluster ID and OxE8 as the source and destination endpoint Data packets received by the remote will be echoed back to the sender Link tes
83. e receives an RF packet it is sent out the UART using this message type Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E L MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the ength heck LSB2 0x12 POER Frame Type 3 0x90 64 bit Source MSB 4 0x00 64 bit address of sender Address 5 0x13 6 OxA2 7 0x00 8 0x40 9 0x52 10 0x2B LSB 11 OxAA Reserved 12 OXxFF Reserved 13 OxFE Frame specific Receive Options 14 0x01 bit 0 Packet was acknowledged Data bit 1 Broadcasted packet bits 6 7 b 01 Point Multipoint b 10 Repeater mode directed broadcast b 11 DigiMesh not available on 10k product Ignore other bits Received Data 15 0x52 Received RF data 16 0x78 17 0x44 18 0x61 19 0x74 20 0x61 Checksum 21 0x11 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 112 API frame specifications In the above example a device with a 64 bit address of 0x0013A200 40522BAA sends a unicast data transmission to a remote device with payload RxData If AO 0 on the receiving device it would send the above frame out its UART Explicit Rx Indicator Frame type 0x91 When the modem receives an RF packet it is sent out the UART using this message type when AO 1 Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start Delimiter 0 Ox7E Length MSB 1 0x00
84. e will assert when the module is awake and de assert when the module is asleep CTS is also de asserted while asleep D7 1 A newly powered unsynchronized sleeping node will poll for a synchronized message and then sleep for the period specified by SP repeating this cycle until it becomes synchronized by receiving a sync message Once a sync message is received the node will synchronize itself with the network Note All nodes in asynchronous sleep network should be configured to operate in either Synchronous Sleep Support Mode or Synchronous Cyclic Sleep Mode Asynchronous sleeping nodes are not compatible with synchronous sleep nodes Asynchronous sleep operation Wake timer In cyclic sleep mode SM 4 or SM 5 if serial or RF data is received the module will start a sleep timer time until sleep Any data received serially or by RF link will reset the timer The timer duration can be set using the ST command While the module is awake it will send poll request transmissions Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 68 every 100 ms to check its parent for buffered data The module returns to sleep when the sleep timer expires Indirect messaging and polling To enable reliable communication with sleeping devices the messaging mode command CE can be used to enable indirect messaging and polling Indirect messaging Indirect messaging is a communication mode designed for communicating with asynchronous sleeping devices A module
85. ection because the footprint requires a ground plane within the PCB Antenna keep out area Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 17 Specifications Minimum Keepout Area for PCB Antenna All Layers A y 83 82mm gt A 3388Thou 3 E 9 No metal in keepout All Layers i N os 43 10 iss p o re B TTE B sa oO E 2v4 t Limited routing is permitted in this area such 9 as connecting pad 35 to Ground However Ground Pours are not recommended in this area C C Recommended Keepout Area for PCB Antenna All Layers D D ke 111 79mm gt kk 448 Thou gt F No metal in keepout All Layers E z a E N c cjo m a ma D Preferred Edge of board TT When possible keep XBee close F to edge of board E X i 120 8Thou 3 8mm 1 14Thou The antenna performance improves with a larger keepout area H H Notes 1 Non Metal enclosures are recommended For metal enclosures an external antenna should be used 2 Metal chassis or mounting structures in the keepout area should be at least 1 inch 2 54 cm away from antenna 3 Maximize distance between antenna and metal objects that might be mounted in keepout area 4 These keepout area guidelines do not apply for Wire Whip antennas or external RF connectors Wire Whip antennas radiate best over the center of a ground plane J J K
86. ed by locally changing the settings on an individual node The network will use the most recently set sleep settings Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 69 Operation One node in a sleeping network acts as the sleeping coordinator The process by which a node becomes a sleep coordinator is described later in this document During normal operations at the beginning of a wake cycle the sleep coordinator will send a sync message as a broadcast to all nodes in the network This message contains synchronization information and the wake and sleep times for the current cycle All cyclic sleep nodes receiving a sync message will remain awake for the wake time and then sleep for the sleep period specified The sleep coordinator will send one sync message at the beginning of each cycle with the currently configured wake and sleep times All router nodes which receive this sync message will relay the message to the rest of the network If the sleep coordinator does not hear a re broadcast of the sync message by one of its immediate neighbors then it will re send the message one additional time It should be noted that if SP or ST are changed the network will not apply the new settings until the beginning of the next wake time See Changing sleep parameters on page 75 for more information A sleeping router network is robust enough that an individual node can go several cycles without receiving a sync message due to RF interference for example As a
87. eep or the device has not synchronized with the network or has lost synchronization with the network 7 8 On slow blinking 500 The device is acting as the network sleep coordinator and is operating ms blink time properly 7 8 On fast blinking 250 ms The device is properly synchronized with the network blink time Off The device is in a low power mode On solid The device has not synchronized or has lost synchronization with the network Diagnostics support The Associate pin works with the commissioning pushbutton to provide additional diagnostic behaviors to aid in deploying and testing a network If the commissioning push button is pressed once the device transmits a broadcast node identification packet at the beginning of the next wake cycle if sleep compatible or immediately if not sleep compatible If the Associate LED functionality is enabled D5 command a device that receive this transmission will blink its Associate pin rapidly for 1 second Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 50 I O Line monitoring I O samples I O Line monitoring The XBee modules support both analog input and digital IO line modes on several configurable pins Queried sampling Parameters for the pin configuration commands typically include the following Pin Command Parameter Description 0 Unmonitored digital input 1 Reserved for pin specific alternate functionalities 2 Analog input A D pins or PWM
88. els that it can choose from and channels can be excluded by setting the channel mask CM to reduce them Since not all countries allow for all of these channels the set may be dramatically smaller for some countries For a complete list refer to www digi com g4 Band mode When the channel mask is set to 0x20000000 the radio will be in g4 band mode In this mode LBT AFA mode is disabled Module assumes no duty cycle requirement or 100 duty cycle The PL setting must be set to 5 mW to comply with g4 band regulations Serial communications RF Modules interface to a host device through a serial port Through its serial port the module can communicate with any logic and voltage compatible UART through a level translator to any serial device for example through a RS 232 or USB interface board or through an SPI which is a synchronous interface described in SPI parameters on page 35 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 30 Serial communications UART data flow Devices that have a UART interface can connect directly to the pins of the RF module as shown in the figure below System Data Flow Diagram in a UART interfaced environment Low asserted signals distinguished with horizontal line over signal name CMOS Logic 2 8 3 4V CMOS Logic 2 8 3 4V Microcontroller O m Microcontroller DOUT data ou RTS Serial data Data enters the module UART through the DIN pin 4 as an a
89. emory PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST 0x00 A PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST frame can be sent to query details of the GPM structure Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST 0x00 GPM_OPTIONS This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_BLOCK_NUM This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_START_INDEX This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_NUM_BYTES This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_DATA No data bytes should be specified for this command PLATFORM_INFO 0x80 When a PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to PLATFORM_INFO 0x80 GPM_STATUS A 1 in the least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_BLOCK_NUM Indicates the number of GPM blocks available GPM_START_INDEX Indicates the size in bytes of a GPM block GPM_NUM_BYTES The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field For this command this field will be set to 0 GPM_DATA No data bytes are specified for this command Example A PLATFORM_INFO_REQUEST sent to a radio with a serial number of 0x0013a200407402AC should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 0
90. ence 1 2 5 V reference IC DIO Change Detection The digital I O pins to monitor for changes 0 OxFFFF 0 in the I O state IC works with the individual pin configuration bitfield commands DO D9 PO P2 If a pin is enabled as a digital input output the IC command can be used to force an immediate I O sample transmission when the DIO state changes IC is a bitmask that can be used to enable or disable edge detection on individual channels Unused bits should be set to 0 Bit I O pin 0 DIOO 1 DIO1 2 DIO2 3 DIO3 4 DIO4 5 DIO5 6 DIO6 7 DIO7 8 DIO8 9 DIO9 10 DIO10 11 DIO11 12 DIO12 IF Sleep Sample Rate The number of sleep cycles that must elapse 1 0xFF 1 between periodic I O samples This allows I O samples to be taken only during some wake cycles During those cycles I O samples are taken at the rate specified by IR Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 92 AT Command IR Name and Description IO Sample Rate The I O sample rate to enable periodic sampling For periodic sampling to be enabled IR must be set to a non zero value and at least one module pin must have analog or digital I O functionality enabled see DO D9 PO P2 commands The sample rate is measured in milliseconds Parameter Range Sleep commands Default 0 OxFFFF ms 0 TP Temperature The current module temperature in degrees Celsius in 8 bit two s compliment format For example 0x1A 26C and
91. eout for update firmware T The T command changes the timeout before sending a NAK by Base Time 2 T The Base Time for the local UART is different than the Base Time for Over the Air During a firmware update the bootloader will automatically increase the Timeout if repeat packets are received or multiple NAKs for the same packet without success occur Application version string A The A command provides the version of the currently loaded application If no application is present Unknown will be returned Bootloader version string V The V command provides the version of the currently loaded bootloader The version will return a string in the format BLFFF HHH XYZ_DDD where FFF represents the Flash size in kilo bytes HHH is the hardware XYZ is the version and DDD is the preferred XMODEM packet size for updates Double the preferred packet size is also possible but not guaranteed For example BLO32 2B0 023_064 will take 64 byte CRC XMODEM payloads and may take 128 byte CRC XMODEM payloads also In this case both 64 and 128 payloads are handled but the 64 byte payload is preferred for better Over the Air reliability Bootloader Version BLO32 2x0 025_064 only operates at 9600 baud on the local UART as well as communications to the internal microcontroller A newer version of the Bootloader BLO32 2x0 033_064 or newer BLO32 2B0 XXX_064 has changed the baud rate to 115200 between the Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 26 Spec
92. er support Telephone 8 00 am 5 00 pm CST US amp Canada 866 765 9885 Worldwide 801 765 9885 Online www digi com support eservice Mail Digi International 11001 Bren Road East Minnetonka MN 55343 USA Related documentation For basic information to help get you started on the XBee PRO 868 Modules navigate to the Getting Started Guide at www digi com support Document number Document name 90002155 XBee PRO 868 Development Kit Getting Started Guide Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 3 Contents Module hardware 9 XBee S8 hardware description 9 European acceptance 9 Specifications 10 Serial communications specifications 12 UART serial connections 12 SPI serial connections 13 GPIO specifications 13 Hardware specifications for the programmable variant 13 Mechanical drawings 14 Pin signals 15 Design notes 16 Power supply design 16 Recommended pin connections 16 Board layout 17 Design notes for PCB antenna modules 17 Design notes for RF pad modules 19 Module operation for the Programmable variant 21 XBee bootloader for the Programmable variant 23 Overview 23 Bootloader software specifics 23 Bootloader menu commands 26 Firmware updates 27 Output file configuration 28 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module operation 29 Listen Before Talk Automatic Frequency Agility LBT AFA g band mode 30 g4 Band mode 30 Serial communications 30 UART data flow 31 Serial data 31 SPI communications 31 SPI ope
93. es User Guide igi Specifications XBee bootloader for the Programmable variant Overview The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Programmable variant includes a Freescale MC9SO8QE32 application processor This application processor comes with a bootloader This section describes how to interface your application code running on this processor using the XBee Programmable module s bootloader Bootloader software specifics Memory layout The image on the right shows the memory map for the MC9SO8QE32 application processor The supplied bootloader occupies the bottom pages of the flash 0x0000 _DirectPageRAMRegister from OxF200 to OxFFFF Application code 0x0080 cannot write to this space ccna ER Writable Space 32k Flash 2 k RAM The application code can exist in Flash 0x0216 from address 0x8400 to OxF1BC 1k of Flash from 0x8000 to 0x83FF is reserved for Non Volatile Application Data that is not be erased by the bootloader during a flash update HighPageRAM Registers A portion of RAM is accessible by both the application and the bootloader Specifically there is a shared data region Application Flash Data Area 1024 b used by both the application and the bootloader that is located at RAM address 0x200 to 0x215 Application code should not write anything to BLResetCause or Application AppResetCause unless informing the 28 160 bytes bootloader of the impending reset reason The Application code should not clear BLRes
94. es embedded inside the modules Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 62 Networking concepts DigiMesh feature set DigiMesh contains the following features Self healing Any node may enter or leave the network at any time without causing the network as a whole to fail Peer to peer architecture No hierarchy and no parent child relationships are needed Quiet Protocol Routing overhead will be reduced by using a reactive protocol similar to AODV Route Discovery Rather than maintaining a network map routes will be discovered and created only when needed Selective acknowledgments Only the destination node will reply to route requests Reliable delivery Reliable delivery of data is accomplished by means of acknowledgments Sleep Modes Low power sleep modes with synchronized wake are supported with variable sleep and wake times Networking concepts Device configuration DigiMesh modules can be configured to act as routers or end devices with the CE command By default all modules in a DigiMesh network act as routers Modules configured as routers will actively relay network unicast and broadcast traffic as described below Network ID DigiMesh networks are defined with a unique network identifier This identifier is set with the ID command For modules to communicate they must be configured with the same network identifier The ID parameter allows multiple DigiMesh networks to co exist on the same physical ch
95. etCause unless it is handling the Interupt Vector Table indirection unexpected reset reason OxF1FE App Start Vector To prevent a malfunctioning application from running forever the Bootloader Bootloader increments BLResetCause after each watchdog or illegal instruction reset If this register reaches above 0x10 the bootloader will stop running the 64 bytes application for a few minutes to allow an OTA or Local update to occur If no update is initiated within the time period Application Bootloader Shared RAM Data BLResetCause is cleared and the 00200 application is started again To prevent or unexpected halting of the application the 00206 application shall clear or decrement 0x020 BLResetCause just before a pending reset 0x0208 To disable this feature the application clears BLResetCause at the start of the application Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 23 Specifications Operation Upon reset of any kind the execution control begins with the bootloader If the reset cause is Power On reset POR Pin reset PIN or Low Voltage Detect LVD reset LVD the bootloader will not jump to the application code if the override bits are set to RTS D7 1 DTR D5 0 and DIN BO 0 Otherwise the bootloader writes the reset cause NOTHING to the shared data region and jumps to the Application Reset causes are defined in the file common hin an enumeration with the following definitions typedef enum B
96. f previously written data from flash block 22 of a target radio with serial number of 0x0013a200407402ac a READ packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E 01C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 CO 04 QO 0016 9000 GOOF 3B Assuming all transmissions were successful and that flash block 22 was previously written with incrementing data the following API packets would be output the source node s UART 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E 0029 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 84 OO 0016 2000 BOF Q102030405060708090AQ0BOCODOEOF C3 FIRMWARE_VERIFY 0x05 and FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL 0x06 The FIRMWARE_VERIFY and FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL commands are used when remotely updating firmware on a module These commands check if the General Purpose Memory contains a valid over the air update file For the FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command if the GPM contains a valid firmware image then the module will reset and begin using the new firmware Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to FIRMWARE_VERIFY 0x05 or FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL 0x06 GPM_OPTIONS There are currently no options defined for this command Set this field to 0 GPM_BLOCK_NUM This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_START_INDEX This field is unused for this command Set to 0 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 58 General purpose flash memory Field Name Co
97. f the remote module that 18 0x13 transmitted the node identification frame 19 OxA2 20 0x00 21 0x40 22 0x74 23 0x02 LSB 24 0XAC NI String 25 0x20 Node identifier string on the remote device The NI string 26 0x00 is terminated with a NULL byte 0x00 Reserved 27 OxFF Reserved 28 OxFE Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 115 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description Device Type 29 0x01 0 Coordinator 1 Router 2 End Device Source Event 30 0x01 1 Frame sent by node identification pushbutton event See DO command description Digi Profile ID 31 OxC1 Set to Digi s application profile ID 32 0x05 Frame Digi 33 0x10 Set to Digi s Manufacturer ID specific Data Manufacturer ID 34 Ox1E Digi DD Value 35 0x00 Reports the DD value of the responding module this field optional can be enabled with the NO command 36 Ox0C 37 0x00 38 0x00 RSSI optional 39 Ox2E RSSI this field can be enabled with the NO command Checksum 40 0x33 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Remote Command Response Frame type 0x97 If a module receives a remote command response RF data frame in response to a Remote AT Command Request the module will send a Remote AT Command Response message out the UART Some commands may send back multiple frames for example Node Discover ND command Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start De
98. ffixed visibly legibly and indelibly Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 118 Antenna Restrictions According to REC70 03E the following restrictions for radio operation apply Georgia Not implemented Greece Limited implementation to 863 865 MHZ Norway Not implemented Russian Federation Limited implementation 864 865 MHZ with max e r p 25 mW duty cycle 0 1 or LBT Forbidden to use at the airports aerodromes Spain Limited implementation to the band 863 865 MHZ Sweden Not implemented The Netherlands Not implemented under study Ukraine Limited implementation 863 865 868 868 6 868 6 868 7 869 2 869 25 MHZ Declarations of Conformity Digi has issued Declarations of Conformity for the XBee RF Modules concerning emissions EMC and safety Files can be obtained by contacting Digi Support Note Digi does not list the entire set of standards that must be met for each country Digi customers Antenna assume full responsibility for learning and meeting the required guidelines for each country in their distribution market For more information relating to European compliance of an OEM product incorporating the XBee RF Module contact Digi or refer to the following website www cept org Search for short range device regulations The following antennas have been tested and approved for use with the embedded XBee RF Module dipole 2 1 dBi Digi PN AO8 HABUF P5 PCB antenna 9 dBi which
99. hen received over the serial port and are not put on the indirect messaging queue Polling Polling is the automatic process by which a node can request data from an indirect messaging coordinator Polling can be enabled on a device by configuring it as an end device with the CE command When polling is enabled the module will send a poll request at least once every 100 ms When normal data is sent to the destination specified by the DH DL of an end device module that data will also function as a poll When a polling device is also an asynchronous sleeping device it will send a poll shortly after waking from sleep After that first poll is sent the module will send polls in the normal manner described above until it has returned to sleep Sleeping routers The Sleeping Router feature of DigiMesh makes it possible for all nodes in the network to synchronize their sleep and wake times All synchronized cyclic sleep nodes enter and exit a low power state at the same time This forms a cyclic sleeping network Nodes synchronize by receiving a special RF packet called a sync message which is sent by a node acting as a sleep coordinator Anode in the network can become a sleep coordinator through a process called nomination The sleep coordinator will send one sync message at the beginning of each wake period The sync message is sent as a broadcast and repeated by every node in the network The sleep and wake times for the entire network can be chang
100. his reset parameters which have not been written to flash will be lost after the reset To avoid this write all parameters with the WR command before doing a firmware upgrade Packet routing information will also be lost after this reset Route discoveries will be necessary for DigiMesh unicasts involving the upgraded node as a source destination or intermediate node Because explicit API Tx frames can be addressed to a local node accessible via the SPI or UART or a remote node accessible over the RF port the same process can be used to update firmware on a module in either case Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 61 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module networking methods Directed Broadcast Repeater mode In this broadcast mode the exact transmission method is determined by the data rate of your module In the 10k version the network is set in a repeater mode where there is no route discovery The transmission is simply sent out to the network and each radio will repeat the message to its neighboring radios There is no route discovery in this method On the 80k version of the module the transmission is directed to a specific media access control MAC address using a route discovered by a router module In both methods all transmissions are broadcasts not unicast messages Point to Point Multipoint mode In this mode there is a permanent link between two endpoints Switched point to point topologies are the basic model of c
101. hole pins while the SMT module is designed with Surface Mount Technology SMT As such different mounting techniques are required Mounting the modules Digi International has designed a footprint which will allow either module to be attached to a PCB The layout is shown below All dimensions are in millimeters Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 121 Mounting the modules 0 304 A J gt 0 079 Eese opezi pev The round holes in the diagram are for the XBee through hole design and the semi oval pads are for the XBee SMT design Pin 1 of the through hole design is lined up with pin 1 of the SMT design but the pins are actually offset by one pad see Pin Mapping above By using diagonal traces to connect the appropriate pins the layout will work for both modules Information on attaching the XBee SMT module is included in Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules manufacturing information on page 123 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 122 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules manufacturing information The XBee SMT module is designed for surface mount on the OEM PCB It has castellated pads to allow for easy solder attach inspection The pads are all located on the edge of the module so that there are no hidden solder joints on these modules Recommended solder reflow cycle The recommended solder reflow cycle is shown below The chart shows the
102. ifications Programmable and the internal microcontroller The internal module is also set to 115200 as the default baud rate The default rate of the programmable local UART is also set to 115200 however the local UART has an auto baud feature added to detect if the UART is at the wrong baud rate If a single character is sent it will automatically switch to 115200 or 9600 baud Firmware updates Wired updates You can update your application using the bootloader in a wired configuration with the following steps 1 Plug the XBee programmable module into a suitable serial port on a PC 2 Open a hyperterminal or similar dumb terminal application session with 115200 baud no parity and 8 data bits with one stop bit 3 Press Enter to display the bootloader menu 4 Press the F key to initiate a wired firmware update 5 Aseries of C characters displays within the hyperterminal window At this point select the transfer gt send file menu item Select the desired flat binary output file 6 Select Xmodem as the protocol 7 Click Send on the Send File dialog The file downloads to the XBee Programmable module Upon a successful update the bootloader jumps to the newly loaded application Over The Air updates You can update your application using the bootloader in an over the air configuration with the following steps Note This procedure assumes that the bootloader is running and not the application The internal microcontro
103. igi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 OxFFFF 79 AT Command EA Name and Description MAC ACK Timeouts This count is incremented whenever a MAC ACK timeout occurs on a MAC level unicast Once the number reaches OxFFFF further events will not be counted The counter can be reset to any 16 bit value by appending a hexadecimal parameter to the command Diagnostics commands Parameter Range 0 OxFFFF Default 0 TR Transmission Errors This count is incremented whenever a MAC transmission attempt exhausts all MAC retries without ever receiving a MAC acknowledgment message from the destination node Once the number reaches OxFFFF further events will not be counted The counter can be reset to any 16 bit value by appending a hexadecimal parameter to the command 0 OxFFFF UA MAC Unicast Transmission Count This count is incremented whenever a MAC unicast transmission occurs for which an ACK is requested Once the number reaches OxFFFF further events will not be counted The counter can be reset to any 16 bit value by appending a hexadecimal parameter to the command 0 OxFFFF H MAC Unicast One Hop Time The MAC unicast one hop timeout in milliseconds Changing MAC parameters can change this value read only OxCF 8 MAC Broadcast One Hop Time The MAC broadcast one hop timeout in milliseconds Changing MAC parameters can change this value read only Ox1BE RC
104. ile to upload transfer Click Send to start the transfer At the conclusion of a successful transfer the bootloader jumps to the newly loaded application Output file configuration BKGD programming P amp E Micro provides a background debug tool that allows flashing applications on the MC9SO8QE parts through their background debug mode port By default the Codewarrior tool produces an ABS output file for use in programming parts through the background debug interface The programmable XBee from the factory has the BKGD debugging capability disabled In order to debug a bootloader with the debug interface enabled needs to be loaded on the secondary processor or a stand alone app needs to be loaded Bootloader updates The supplied bootloader requires files in a flat binary format which differs from the default ABS file produced The Codewarrior tool also produces a 19 output file In order to successfully flash new applications the 19 file must be converted into the flat binary format Utilities are available on the Internet that will convert S19 output to BIN outputs In many cases the BIN file conversion will pad the addresses from 0x0000 to the code space with the same number Often 0x00 or xFF These extra bytes before the APP code starts will need to be deleted from the bin file before the file can be transferred to the bootloader Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 28 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module operation The Digi X
105. ime specified by CT Command Mode Timeout Command the RF module automatically returns to Idle Mode Note For an example of programming the RF Module using AT Commands and descriptions of each configurable parameter see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules command reference tables on page 77 Sleep Mode Sleep modes allow the RF Module to enter states of low power consumption when not in use XBee RF Modules support both pin sleep sleep mode entered on pin transition and cyclic sleep module sleeps for a fixed time XBee sleep modes are discussed in detail in Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules sleep mode on page 67 Troubleshooting Forcing UART operation If you configure a module with only the SPI enabled and no SPI master is available to access the SPI slave port use the following steps to recover the module to UART operation 1 Hold the DIN CONFIG low at reset time 2 DIN CONFIG forces a default configuration on the UART at 9600 baud and brings up the module in Command Mode on the UART port 3 You can send the appropriate commands to the module to configure it for UART operation 4 If you write these parameters to the module then on the next reset the module comes up with the UART enabled Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 41 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module advanced application features Remote configuration commands A module in API mode has provisions to send configuration commands to remote devices using the
106. in the network can be woken by the commissioning button Place the new node in range of the existing cyclic sleep node and wake the existing node by holding down the commissioning button for 2 seconds or until the node wakes The existing node stays awake for 30 seconds and will respond to sync requests while it is awake If you do not use one of these two methods you must wait for the network to wake up before adding the new node The new node should be placed in range of the network with a sleep wake cycle that is shorter than the wake period of the network The new node will periodically send sync requests until the network wakes up and it receives a sync message Changing sleep parameters Changes to the sleep and wake cycle of the network can be made by selecting any node in the network and changing the SP and or ST of the node to values different than those the network is currently using If using a preferred sleep coordinator or if it is known which node is acting as the sleep coordinator it is suggested that this node be used to make changes to network settings If the network sleep coordinator is not known any node that does not have the non sleep coordinator sleep option bit set see the SO command can be used When changes are made to a node s sleep parameters that node will become the network s sleep coordinator unless it has the non sleep coordinator option selected and will send a sync message with the new sleep settings to the en
107. ing Update frame will be sent out the serial port Note that the AG command is only available on products that support DigiMesh DN Discover Node Resolves an NI Node Identifier string to a physical 20 byte ASCII address case sensitive string The following events occur after the destination node is discovered lt AT Firmware gt 1 DLand DH are set to the extended 64 bit address of the module with the matching NI Node Identifier string 2 OK or ERROR r is returned 3 Command Mode is exited to allow immediate communication lt API Firmware gt OxFFFE and 64 bit extended addresses are returned in an API Command Response frame If there is no response from a module within NT 100 milliseconds or a parameter is not specified left blank the command is terminated and an ERROR message is returned In the case of an ERROR Command Mode is not exited Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 84 Addressing discovery configuration commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default ND Network Discover Discovers and reports all RF Modules found The following information is reported for each module discovered MY lt CR gt SH lt CR gt SL lt CR gt NI lt cR gt Variable length PARENT_NETWORK ADDRESS 2 Bytes lt cR gt DEVICE_TYPE lt CR gt 1 Byte 0 Coord 1 Router 2 End Device STATUS lt CR gt 1 Byte Reserved PROFILE_ID lt CR gt 2 Bytes MANUFACTURER_ID lt CR gt 2 B
108. ir UART API ID 0x95 1 Configured for Wakes the module for 30 seconds Immediately sends a Node asynchronous sleep Identification broadcast transmission All devices that receive this transmission will blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART API ID 0x95 1 Configured for Wakes the module for 30 seconds or until the synchronized network synchronous sleep goes to sleep Queues a Node Identification broadcast transmission to be sent at the beginning of the next network wake cycle All devices that receive this transmission will blink their Associate LEDs rapidly for 1 second All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out their UART API ID 0x95 2 Not configured for No effect synchronous sleep 2 Configured for Causes a node which is configured with sleeping router nomination synchronous sleep enabled see the description of the ATSO sleep options command in the XBee module s Product Manual to immediately nominate itself as the network sleep coordinator 4 Any Issues an ATRE to restore module parameters to default values Button presses may be simulated in software using the ATCB command ATCB should be issued with a parameter set to the number of button presses to execute for example sending ATCB1 will execute the action s associated with a single button press The node identificatio
109. is de asserted set high The host device should not de assert RTS for long periods of time to avoid filling the serial transmit buffer If an RF data packet is received and the serial transmit buffer does not have enough space for all of the data bytes the entire RF data packet will be discarded The UART Data Present Indicator is a useful feature when using RTS flow control When enabled the DIO19 line asserts low asserted when UART data is queued to be transmitted from the module See the P9 command in the Command Reference Tables for more information Note Ifthe XBee is sending data out the UART when RTS is de asserted set high the XBee could send up to 5 characters out the UART or SPI port after RTS is de asserted Serial interface protocols The XBee modules support both transparent and Application Programming Interface API serial interfaces Transparent operation UART When operating in transparent mode the modules act as a serial line replacement All UART data received through the DIN pin is queued up for RF transmission When RF data is received the data is sent out through the serial port The module configuration parameters are configured using the AT command mode interface Please note that transparent operation is not provided when using the SPI Data is buffered in the serial receive buffer until one of the following causes the data to be packetized and transmitted No serial characters are received for the amo
110. kb s Mesh unicast 3 hop Encryption Disabled 11 9 kb s Mesh unicast 6 hop Encryption Disabled 7 1 kb s Mesh unicast 1 hop Encryption Enabled 35 3 kb s Mesh unicast 3 hop Encryption Enabled 11 8 kb s Mesh unicast 6 hop Encryption Enabled 7 0 kb s Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 64 Data transmission and routing 80 kb s version 115 2 kb s serial data rate 100 KB Configuration Data Throughput Point to point unicast Encryption Disabled 54 7 kb s Point to point unicast Encryption Enabled 53 9 kb s Configuration Data Throughput Point to point unicast Encryption Disabled 8 4 kb s Point to point unicast Encryption Enabled 8 3 kb s Note Data throughput measurements were made setting the serial interface rate to 115200 b s and measuring the time to send 100 000 bytes from source to destination During the test no route discoveries or failures occurred Transmission timeouts When a node receives an API TX Request API configured modules or an RO timeout occurs modules configured for Transparent Mode the time required to route the data to its destination depends ona number of configured parameters whether the transmission is a unicast or a broadcast and if the route to the destination address is known Timeouts or timing information is provided for the following transmission types Transmitting a broadcast Transmitting a unicast with a known route Transmitting
111. king time doing transmissions This number rolls over to zero from OxFFFF The counter can be reset to any 16 bit value by appending a hexadecimal parameter to the command Parameter Range 0 OxFFFF 0x10 Default 0 DB Received Signal Strength This command reports the received signal strength of the last received RF data packet The DB command only indicates the signal strength of the last hop It does not provide an accurate quality measurement for a multihop link The DB command value is measured in dBm For example if DB returns 0x60 then the RSSI of the last packet received was 96dBm An XBee PRO 900 module will only report RSSI values within approximately 15 dBm of the sensitivity level of the module Signals which exceed approximately 85dBm will be reported as approximately 85dBm 0 OxFF read only ER Received Error Count This count is incremented whenever a packet is received which contained integrity errors of some sort Once the number reaches OxFFFF further events will not be counted The counter can be reset to any 16 bit value by appending a hexadecimal parameter to the command 0 OxFFFF GD Good Packets Received This count is incremented whenever a good frame with a valid MAC header is received on the RF interface Once the number reaches OxFFFF further events will not be counted The counter can be reset to any 16 bit value by appending a hexadecimal parameter to the command D
112. limiter 0 Ox7E Length MSB1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the checksum LSB2 0x13 Frame specific Frame Type 3 0x97 Frame ID 4 0x55 This is the same value passed in to the request If Frame Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide ID 0 in the associated request frame then no response frame will be delivered 116 API frame specifications Frame Fields Offset Example Description 64 bit Source MSB5_ 0x00 The address of the remote radio returning this response remote Address 6 0x13 7 OxA2 8 0x00 9 0x40 10 0x52 11 0x2B LSB 12 OXAA Reserved 13 OxFF Reserved 14 OxFE AT Commands 15 0x53 Name of the command Frame specific Data 16 0x4C Command 17 0x00 The least significant nibble indicates the command status Status 0 OK 1 ERROR 2 Invalid Command 3 Invalid Parameter The most significant nibble is a bitfield as follows 0x40 The RSSI field is invalid and should be ignored Software prior to version 8x60 did not include RSSI information 0x80 Response is a remote command Command 18 0x40 The value of the required register Data 19 0x52 20 0x2B 21 OxAA Checksum 22 OxF4 OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte If a remote command is sent to a remote device with 64 bit address 0x0013A200 40522BAA to query the SL command and if the frame ID 0x55 the response would look like the above example Digi XBe
113. ller baud rate of the programmable module must be set to 115200 baud The bootloader only operates at 115200 baud between the Radio and programmable bootloader The application must be programmed with some way to support returning to the bootloader in order to support Over the Air OTA updates without local intervention 1 Open a hyperterminal session to the host module with no parity no hardware flow control 8 data bits and 1 stop bit The host module does not have to operate at the same baud rate as the remote module For faster updates and less latency due to the UART set the host module to a faster baud rate for example 115200 2 Type three pluses to place the module in command mode or XCTU s Modem Configuration tab can be used to set the correct parameters 3 Set the Host Module destination address to the target module s 64 bit address that the host module will update ATDH aabbccdd ATDL eeffgghh ATCN where aabbccddeeffgghh is the hexadecimal 64 bit address of the target module 4 Press Enter and the bootloader command menu displays from the remote module 5 Press the F key to cause the remote module to request the new firmware file over the air 6 The host module begins receiving c characters indicating that the remote module is requesting an Xmodem CRC transfer Using XCTU or another terminal program select xmopem file transfer Select Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 27 Specifications the Binary f
114. llows for valid data from the slave to begin before at the same time or after valid data begins from the master When the master is sending data to the slave and the slave has valid data to send in the middle of receiving data from the master this allows a true full duplex operation where data is valid in both directions for a period of time Not only must the master and the slave both be able to keep up with the full duplex operation but both sides must honor the protocol as specified An example follows to more fully illustrate the SPI interface while valid data is being sent in both directions 33 Serial communications Clk a nSSel nATTN Low power operation In general sleep modes work the same on SPI as they do on UART However due to the addition of SPI mode there is the option of another sleep pin as described in this section By default DIO8 SLEEP_REQUEST is configured as a peripheral and is used for pin sleep to awaken and to sleep the radio This applies regardless of the selected serial interface UART or SPI However if SLEEP_REQUEST is not configured as a peripheral and SPI_SSEL is configured as a peripheral then pin sleep is controlled by SPI_LSSEL rather than by SLEEP_REQUEST Asserting SPI_SSEL by driving it low either awakens the radio or keeps it awake Negating SPI_SSEL by driving it high puts the radio to sleep Using SPI_SSEL for two purposes to control sleep and to indicate that
115. ls Specifications The table belows describes the pin assignments for the modules Low asserted signals are distinguished with a horizontal line above signal name Pin Name Direction Default State Description 1 GND Ground 2 VDD Power Supply 3 DIO13 DOUT Both Output GPIO UART Data Out 4 DIO14 DIN Both Input GPIO UART Data In CONFIG 5 DIO12 Both GPIO 6 RESET Both Module Reset Drive low to reset the module This is also an output with an open drain configuration with an internal 20 KQ pull up never drive to logic high as the module may be driving it low The minimum pulse width is 1 uS 7 DIO10 RSSI PWMO Both Output GPIO RX Signal Strength Indicator DIO11 PWM1 Both Disabled GPIO Pulse Width Modulator reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 10 DIO8 Both Input GPIO Pin Sleep Control Line SLEEP_REQUEST DTR on the dev board 11 GND Ground 12 DIO19 SPI_ATTN Output Output Serial Peripheral Interface Attention or UART Data Present indicator 13 GND Ground 14 DIO18 SPI_CLK Input Input GPIO Serial Peripheral Interface Clock 15 DIO17 SPI_SSEL Input Input GPIO Serial Peripheral Interface not Select 16 DIO16 SPILMOSI Input Input GPIO Serial Peripheral Interface Data In 17 DIO15 SPILMISO Output Output GPIO Serial Peripheral Interface Data Out Tri stated when SPI_SSEL is high 18 reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 19 reser
116. ltage Vpp 2 7 to 3 6 VDC Transmit current high data rate 48 mA 45 mA typical Transmit current low data rate 47 mA 41 mA typical Idle receive current high data rate 27 mA 22 mA typical Idle receive current low data rate 26 mA 24 mA typical Sleep current 1 7 pA General Operating frequency band Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 863 to 870 MHZ for Europe 865 to 867 MHZ for India 10 Specifications Specifications of the Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module Specification Dimensions XBee Weight 1 4 oz 40 g Operating temperature 40 to 85 C industrial Antenna options U FL RF connector RF pad embedded PCB antenna Note Embedded PCB antenna is only approved with 10 kb s data rate not 80 kb s data rate Digital I O 13 I O lines five dedicated to Serial Peripheral Interface SPI that can be used as digital outputs ADC 4 10 bit analog inputs Networking and security Supported network topologies to peer Number of channels user selectable channels2 30 channels LBT AFA Addressing options Personal Area Network identifier PAN ID and 64 bit addresses Encryption 128 bit Advanced Encryption Standard AES Agency approvals Europe CE CE Marking 1 To determine your range perform a range test under your operating conditions 2 See Restrictions on page 119
117. m A to B A would output a RI Packet indicating that the transmission of the data packet from A to E was successfully forwarded one hop from A to B After the successful MAC transmission of the data packet from B to C B would transmit a RI Packet to A A would output this RI packet out its UART upon reception After the successful MAC transmission of the data packet from C to D C would transmit a RI Packet to A through B A would output this RI packet out its UART upon reception e After the successful MAC transmission of the data packet from D to E D would transmit a RI Packet to A through C and B A would output this RI packet out its UART upon reception It is important to note that Route Information packets are not guaranteed to arrive in the same order as the unicast packet took It is also possible for the transmission of Route Information packets on a weak route to fail before arriving at the unicast originator Because of the large number of Route Information packets which can be generated by a unicast with Trace Route enabled it is suggested that the Trace Route option only be used for occasional diagnostic purposes and not for normal operations NACK messages The NACK API option of Tx Request Packets see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules API operation on page 97 for a description of the API frames provides the option to have a Route Information packet generated and sent to the originator of a unicast when a MAC acknowledgmen
118. mmand ERASE_RESPONSE 0x81 When an ERASE command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to ERASE_RESPONSE 0x81 GPM_STATUS A 1 inthe least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_BLOCK_NUM Matches the parameter passed in the request frame GPM_START_INDEX Matches the parameter passed in the request frame GPM_NUM_BYTES The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field For this command this field will be set to 0 GPM_DATA No data bytes are specified for this command Example To erase flash block 42 of a target radio with serial number of 0x0013a200407402ac an ERASE packet should be formatted as follows spaces added to delineate fields 7E Q01C 11 01 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 00 CO 01 OB 02A 0000 0200 37 Assuming all transmissions were successful the following API packets would be output the source node s UART 7E 0007 8B 01 FFFE 00 00 00 76 7E QQ1A 91 0013A200407402AC FFFE E6 E6 0023 C105 C1 81 OQ B02A 0000 0000 39 WRITE 0x02 and ERASE_THEN_WRITE 0x03 The WRITE command writes the specified bytes to the GPM location specified Before writing bytes to a GPM block it is important that the bytes have been erased previously The ERASE_THEN_WRITE command performs
119. mmand Specific Description GPM_NUM_BYTES This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_DATA This field is unused for this command FIRMWARE_VERIFY _RESPONSE 0x85 When a FIRMWARE_VERIFY command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to FIRMWARE_VERIFY_RESPONSE 0x85 GPM_STATUS A 1 in the least significant bit indicates the GPM does not contain a valid firmware image A 0 in the least significant bit indicates the GPM does contain a valid firmware image All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_BLOCK_NUNM This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_START_INDEX This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_NUM_BYTES This field is unused for this command Set to 0 GPM_DATA This field is unused for this command FIRMWARE_VERIFY _AND_INSTALL_RESPONSE 0x86 When a FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame only if the GPM memory does not contain a valid image If the image is valid the module will reset and begin using the new firmware Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to FIRMWARE_VERIFY_AND_INSTALL_RESPONSE 0x86 GPM_STATUS A
120. mpatible nodes but will not generate sync messages Once a normal node has synchronized with a sleeping network it can be put into a sleep compatible sleep mode at any time Asynchronous pin sleep mode SM 1 Pin sleep allows the module to sleep and wake according to the state of the Sleep_RQ pin pin 9 Pin sleep mode is enabled by setting the SM command to 1 When Sleep_RQ is asserted high the module will finish any transmit or receive operations and enter a low power state The module will wake from pin sleep when the Sleep_RQ pin is de asserted low Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 67 Asynchronous cyclic sleep mode SM 4 Cyclic sleep allows the module to sleep for a specified time and wake for a short time to poll Cyclic sleep mode is enabled by setting the SM command to 4 In cyclic sleep the module sleeps for a specified time If the XBee receives serial or RF data while awake it will then extend the time before it returns to sleep by the amount specified by the ST command Otherwise it will enter sleep mode immediately The On_SLEEP line is asserted high when the module wakes and is de asserted low when the module sleeps If hardware flow control is enabled D7 command the CTS pin will assert low when the module wakes and can receive serial data and de assert high when the module sleeps Asynchronous cyclic sleep with pin wake up mode SM 5 SM 5 is a slight variation on SM 4 that allows the module
121. n alternate means for configuring modules which is available with the SPI as well as over the UART with code Entering AT Command Mode Send the 3 character command sequence and observe guard times before and after the command characters Refer to the Default AT Command Mode Sequence below Default AT Command Mode Sequence for transition to Command Mode e No characters sent for one second GT Guard Times parameter 0x3E8 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 39 Modes of operation e Input three plus characters within one second CC Command Sequence Character parameter 0x2B e No characters sent for one second GT Guard Times parameter 0x3E8 Once the AT command mode sequence has been issued the module sends an OK r out the UART pad The OK r characters can be delayed if the module has not finished transmitting received serial data When command mode has been entered the command mode timer is started CT command and the module is able to receive AT commands on the UART port All of the parameter values in the sequence can be modified to reflect user preferences Note Failure to enter AT Command Mode is most commonly due to baud rate mismatch By default the BD Baud Rate parameter 3 9600 b s Sending AT commands Send AT commands and parameters using the syntax shown below Syntax for sending AT Commands AT ASCII Space Parameter Carriage Prefix Command op
122. n asynchronous sleep mode should not be used to route data Digi strongly encourages users to set asynchronous sleeping modules as non routing nodes using the CE command This will prevent the node from attempting to route data The synchronous sleep feature of DigiMesh makes it possible for all nodes in the network to synchronize their sleep and wake times All synchronized cyclic sleep nodes enter and exit a low power state at the same time This forms a cyclic sleeping network Nodes synchronize by receiving a special RF packet called a sync message which is sent by a node acting as a sleep coordinator Anode in the network can become a coordinator through a process called nomination The sleep coordinator will send one sync message at the beginning of each wake period The sync message is sent as a broadcast and repeated by every node in the network The sleep and wake times for the entire network can be changed by locally changing the settings on an individual node The network will use the most recently set sleep settings Normal mode SM 0 Normal mode is the default for a newly powered on node In this mode a node will not sleep Normal mode nodes should be mains powered A normal mode module will synchronize to a sleeping network but will not observe synchronization data routing rules it will route data at any time regardless of the wake state of the network When synchronized a normal node will relay sync messages generated by sleep co
123. n frame is similar to the node discovery response frame it contains the device s address node identifier string NI command and other relevant data All API devices that receive the node identification frame send it out their UART as an API Node Identification Indicator frame 0x95 Associate LED The Associate pin pin 15 can provide indication of the device s sleep status and diagnostic information To take advantage of these indications an LED can be connected to the Associate pin as shown in the figure above The Associate LED functionality is enabled by setting the D5 command to 1 enabled by default If enabled the Associate pin is configured as an output and will behave as described in the following sections The Associate pin indicates the synchronization status of a sleep compatible node On a non sleep compatible node the pin functions as a power indicator The following table describes this functionality Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 49 Network commissioning and diagnostics The LT command can be used to override the blink rate of the Associate pin When set to 0 the device uses the default blink time 500 ms for sleep coordinator 250 ms otherwise Sleep mode LED Status Meaning 0 On blinking The device is powered and operating properly 1 4 5 Off The device is in a low power mode 1 4 5 On blinking The device is powered awake and is operating properly 7 On solid The network is asl
124. n not to dislodge internal components from their intended positions Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 125
125. nal circuitry or specific connections for proper operation However there are some general design guidelines that are recommended for help in troubleshooting and building a robust design Power supply design Poor power supply can lead to poor radio performance especially if the supply voltage is not kept within tolerance or is excessively noisy To help reduce noise we recommend placing both a 1uF and 47 pF capacitor as near to pin 2 on the PCB as possible If you are using a switching regulator for your power supply switching frequencies above 500 kHz are preferred Power supply ripple should be limited to a maximum 250 mV peak to peak Note For designs using the programmable modules an additional 10 pF decoupling cap is recommended near pin 2 of the module The nearest proximity to pin 2 of the three caps should be in the following order 47 pf 1 uF followed by 10 pF Recommended pin connections The only required pin connections are VDD GND DOUT and DIN Connect VDD GND DOUT DIN RTS and DTR to support serial firmware updates Leave all unused pins disconnected Use the PR and PD software commands to pull all of the inputs on the radio high or low with 40k internal pull up or pull down resistors No specific treatment is needed for unused outputs Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 16 Specifications For applications that need to ensure the lowest sleep current never leave unconnected inputs floating Use inter
126. nal or external pull up or pull down resistors or set the unused I O lines to outputs Other pins may be connected to external circuitry for convenience of operation including the Associate LED pad pad 28 and the Commissioning pad pad 33 The Associate LED pad flashes differently depending on the state of the module to the network and a pushbutton attached to pad 33 can enable various join functions without having to send serial port commands For more details see Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED on page 48 The source and sink capabilities are limited to 6 mA on all I O pads The VRef pad pad 27 is only used on the programmable versions of these modules For compatibility with other XBee modules we recommend connecting this pin to a voltage reference if analog sampling is desired Otherwise connect it to GND Board layout Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules are designed to be self sufficient and have minimal sensitivity to nearby processors crystals or other PCB components As with all PCB designs Power and Ground traces should be thicker than signal traces and able to comfortably support the maximum current specifications A recommended PCB footprint for the module is available in Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules manufacturing information on page 123 Aside from antenna selection no other special PCB design considerations are required for integrating XBee radios The choice of antenna and antenna location is very important for o
127. nds MAC PHY level commands AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default CM Channel Mask This mask limits the channels that 0 Ox3FFFFFFF Europe the radio will transmit on See Module hardware on bitfield Ox3FFFFFFF page 9 for the list of frequencies Channel 0 is bit 0 channels 0 29 At least two channels must be enabled except when 863 15 869 85 using only the g4 frequency When using only the g4 MHZ frequency use 0x20000000 LBT AFA will be Europe g4 disabled and requires the power level to be 5mW 0x20000000 e r p or less For use in India the channel mask channel 29 must be set to 0x0007F800 to operate in the 865 to 869 85 MHZ 867 MHZ frequency band India 0x0007F800 channels 11 18 865 35 866 75 MHZ HP Preamble ID The preamble ID for which module 0 9 0 communicates Only modules with matching preamble IDs can communicate with each other Different preamble IDs minimize interference between multiple sets of modules operating in the same vicinity When receiving a packet this is checked before the network ID as it is encoded in the preamble and the network ID is encoded in the MAC header ID Network ID The user network identifier Nodes 0 0x7FFF Ox7FFF must have the same network identifier to communicate Only modules with matching IDs can communicate with each other When receiving a packet this is checked after the preamble ID If using OEM network IDs OxFFFF will use the factor
128. ning nodes which have lost sync Mesh networks get their robustness from taking advantage of routing redundancies which may be available in a network It is recommended to architect the network with redundant mesh nodes to increase robustness If a scenario exists such that the only route connecting a subnet to the rest of the network depends on a single node and that node fails or the wireless link fails due to changing environmental conditions catastrophic failure condition then multiple subnets may arise while Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 75 using the same wake and sleep intervals When this occurs the first task is to repair replace and strengthen the weak link with new and or redundant modules to fix the problem and prevent it from occurring in the future When the default DigiMesh sleep parameters are used separated subnets will not drift out of phase with each other Subnets can drift out of phase with each other if the network is configured in one of the following ways If multiple modules in the network have had the non sleep coordinator sleep option bit disabled and are thus eligible to be nominated as a sleep coordinator Ifthe modules in the network are not using the auto early wake up sleep option If a network has multiple subnets that have drifted out of phase with each other get the subnets back in phase with the following steps 1 Place asleep support node in range of both subnets 2 Select a n
129. ns Transmitting and receiving RF data The following image shows the API exchanges that take place at the UART when sending RF data to another device The transmit status frame is always sent at the end of a data transmission unless the frame ID is set to 0 in the transmit request If the packet cannot be delivered to the destination the transmit status frame will indicate the cause of failure The received data frame 0x90 or 0x91 is set by the AP command Transmit request 0x10 or 0x11 RF data and ACK Received data i 0x90 or 0x91 Transmit status _ gt Ox8B lt il Remote AT commands The following image shows the API frame exchanges that take place at the UART when sending a remote AT command A remote command response frame is not sent out the UART if the remote device does not receive the remote command Remote AT command 0x17 Remote AT command response 0x97 Supporting the API Applications that support the API should make provisions to deal with new API frames that may be introduced in future releases For example a section of code on a host microprocessor that handles received serial API frames sent out the module s DOUT pin might look like this void XBee_HandleRxAPIFrame _apiFrameUnion papiFrame switch papiFrame gt api_id case RX_RF_DATA_FRAME process received RF data frame break case RX_IO_SAMPLE_FRAME process IO sample frame break cas
130. ntral aggregator node In a new DigiMesh network the overhead of these nodes discovering routes to the aggregator node can be extensive and taxing on the network To eliminate this overhead the AG command can be used to automatically build routes to an aggregate node in a DigiMesh network To send a unicast modules configured for transparent mode AP 0 must set their DH DL registers to the MAC address of the node to which they need to transmit to In networks of transparent mode modules which transmit to an aggregator node it is necessary to set every module s DH DL registers to the MAC address of the aggregator node This can be a tedious process The AG command can be used to set the DH DL registers of all the nodes in a DigiMesh network to that of the aggregator node in a simple and effective method Upon deploying a DigiMesh network the AG command can be issued on the desired aggregator node to cause all nodes in the network to build routes to the aggregator node The command can optionally be used to automatically update the DH DL registers to match the MAC address of the aggregator node The AG command requires a 64 bit parameter The parameter indicates the current value of the DH DL registers on a module which should be replaced by the 64 bit address of the node sending the AG broadcast If it is not desirable to update the DH DL of the module receiving the AG broadcast then the invalid address of OxFFFE can be used API enabled modules will outpu
131. ode in the subnet that you want the other subnet to sync up with Use this node to slightly change the sleep cycle settings of the network increment ST for example 3 Wait for the subnet s next wake cycle During this cycle the node selected to change the sleep cycle parameters will send the new settings to the entire subnet it is in range of including the sleep support node which is in range of the other subnet 4 Wait for the out of sync subnet to wake up and send a sync When the sleep support node receives this sync it will reject it and send a sync to the subnet with the new sleep settings 5 The subnets will now be in sync The sleep support node can be removed If desired the sleep cycle settings can be changed back to what they were In the case that only a few nodes need to be replaced this method can also be used 1 Reset the out of sync node and set its sleep mode to cyclic sleep SM 8 Set it up to have a short sleep cycle 2 Place the node in range of a sleep support node or wake a sleeping node with the commissioning button 3 The out of sync node will receive a sync from the node which is synchronized to the network and sync to the network sleep settings Diagnostics The following are useful in some applications when managing a sleeping router network Query current sleep cycle The OS and OW command can be used to query the current operational sleep and wake times a module is currently using Sleep
132. odes operate in normal non sleep mode To start a sleeping network follow these steps 1 Enable the preferred sleep coordinator option on one of the nodes and set its SM to a sleep compatible mode 7 or 8 with its SP and ST set to a quick cycle time The purpose of a quick cycle time is to allow commands to be sent quickly through the network during commissioning 2 Next power on the new nodes within range of the sleep coordinator The nodes will quickly receive a sync message and synchronize themselves to the short cycle SP and ST 3 Configure the new nodes in their desired sleep mode as cyclic sleeping nodes or sleep support nodes 4 Set the SP and ST values on the sleep coordinator to the desired values for the deployed network 5 Wait a cycle for the sleeping nodes to sync themselves to the new SP and ST values 6 Disable the preferred sleep coordinator option bit on the sleep coordinator unless a preferred sleep coordinator is desired 7 Deploy the nodes to their positions Alternatively nodes can be set up with their sleep pre configured and written to flash using the WR command prior to deployment If this is the case the commissioning button and associate LED can be used to aid in deployment 1 Ifa preferred sleep coordinator is going to be used in the network deploy it first If there will be no preferred sleep coordinator select a node for deployment power it on and press the commissioning button twice This
133. odule COPPER KEEP OUT Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 124 Flux and cleaning Flux and cleaning We recommend that a no clean solder paste be used in assembling these modules This eliminates the clean step and ensures that unwanted residual flux is not left under the module where it is difficult to remove In addition Cleaning with liquids can result in liquid remaining under the shield or in the gap between the module and the OEM PCB This can lead to unintended connections between pads on the module The residual moisture and flux residue under the module are not easily seen during an inspection process The best practice is to use a no clean solder paste to avoid the issues above and ensure proper module operation Reworking Never perform rework on the module itself The module has been optimized to give the best possible performance and reworking the module itself will void warranty coverage and certifications We recognize that some customers will choose to rework and void the warranty the following information is given as a guideline in such cases to increase the chances of success during rework though the warranty is still voided The module may be removed from the OEM PCB by the use of a hot air rework station or hot plate Care should be taken not to overheat the module During rework the module temperature may rise above its internal solder melting point and care should be take
134. onventional telephony The value of a permanent point to point network is unimpeded communications between the two endpoints The value of an on demand point to point connection is proportional to the number of potential pairs of subscribers Permanent dedicated One of the variations of point to point topology is a point to point communications channel that appears to the user to be permanently associated with the two endpoints Within many switched telecommunications systems it is possible to establish a permanent circuit One example might be a telephone in the lobby of a public building which is programmed to ring only the number of a telephone dispatcher Nailing down a switched connection saves the cost of running a physical circuit between the two points The resources in such a connection can be released when no longer needed Switched Using circuit switching or packet switching technologies a point to point circuit can be set up dynamically and dropped when no longer needed DigiMesh networking Mesh networking allows messages to be routed through several different nodes to a final destination DigiMesh firmware allows manufacturers and system integrators to bolster their networks with the self healing attributes of mesh networking In the event that one RF connection between nodes is lost due to power loss environmental obstructions etc critical data can still reach its destination due to the mesh networking capabiliti
135. output PWM pins 3 Digital input monitored 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 7 Alternate functionalities where applicable Setting the configuration command that corresponds to a particular pin will configure the pin Module Pin Names Module Pin Number Configuration Command CD DIO12 4 P2 PWMO RSSI DIO10 6 PO PWM1 DIO11 7 p1 DTR SLEEP_RQ DIO8 9 D8 AD4 DIO4 11 D4 CTS DIO7 12 D7 ON_SLEEP DIO9 13 D9 ASSOC AD5 DIOS 15 D5 RTS DIO6 16 D6 AD3 DIO3 17 D3 AD2 DIO2 18 D2 AD1 DIO1 19 D1 ADO DIOO Commissioning Button 20 DO See the command table for more information Pull up resistors for each digital input can be enabled using the PR command Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 51 1 Sample Sets I O Line monitoring Number of sample sets in the packet Always set to 1 2 Digital Channel Mask Indicates which digital IO lines have sampling enabled Each bit corresponds to one digital IO line on the module bit 0 ADO DIOO bit 1 AD1 DIO1 bit 2 AD2 DIO2 bit 3 AD3 DIO3 bit 4 DIO4 bit 5 ASSOC DIO5 bit 6 RTS DIO6 bit 7 CTS GPIO7 bit 8 DTR SLEEP_RQ DIO8 bit 9 ON_SLEEP DIO9 bit 10 RSSI DIO10 bit 11 PWM DIO11 bit 12 CD DIO12 For example a digital channel mask of 0x002F means DIOO 1 2 3 and 5 are enabled as digital IO 1 Analog Channel Mask Indicates which lines have an
136. ove listed bytes without the carriage return delimiters The NI string will end in a 0x00 null character Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 85 Diagnostic addressing Diagnostic addressing AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default N Network Discovery Timeout The maximum response time read only in milliseconds for network discovery responses ND and discover node DN responses The timeout is based on the network discovery back off time NT and the network propagation time Security commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default EE Security Enable Enables or disables 128 bit AES encryption This 0 1 0 command parameter must be set the same on all devices for communication to work KY AES Encryption Key Sets the 16 byte network security key value 128 bit value n a This command is write only it cannot be read Attempts to read KY will return an OK status This command parameter must be set the same on all devices for communication to work This value is passed in as hex characters when setting from AT command mode and as binary bytes when set in ATI mode Serial Interfacing commands AT Parameter Command Name and Description Range Default BD Baud rate The UART baud rate speed for data transfer between 0 to 8 and 3 radio modem and host Values from 0 8 select preset standard 0x100 to 9600 b s rates Values at 0x100 and above select
137. over the modules which are immediate neighbors within RF range of a particular node This command is useful in determining network topology and determining possible routes The command is issued using the FN command The FN command can be initiated locally on a node using AT command mode or by using a local AT command request frame The command can also be initiated remotely by sending the target node an FN command using a remote AT command request API frame A node which executes an FN command will send a broadcast to all of its immediate neighbors All radios which receive this broadcast will send an RF packet to the node that initiated the FN command In the case where the command is initiated remotely this means that the responses are sent directly to the node which sent the FN command to the target node The response packet is output on the initiating radio in the same format as a network discovery frame Link reliability For a mesh network installation to be successful the installer must be able to determine where to place individual XBee devices to establish reliable links throughout the mesh network Network link testing A good way to measure the performance of a mesh network is to send unicast data through the network from one device to another to determine the success rate of many transmissions To simplify link testing the modules support a loopback cluster ID 0x12 on the data endpoint OxE8 Any data sent to this cluster ID on th
138. ps for broadcast data 0 0x20 0 transmissions Set to 0 for maximum radius If BH is set greater than NH then the value of NH is used Supported in both variants NH Network Hops The maximum number of hops expected to be 1 0x20 7 seen in a network route This value doesn t limit the number of hops allowed but it is used to calculate timeouts waiting for network acknowledgments Supported in both variants NN Network Delay Slots Set or read the maximum random number 1 5 3 of network delay slots before rebroadcasting a network packet MR Mesh Unicast Retries The maximum number of network packet 0 7 1 delivery attempts If MR is non zero packets sent will request a network acknowledgment and can be resent up to MR 1 times if no acknowledgments are received We recommend setting this value to 1 If this parameter is set to 0 then network ACKs are disabled Routes can be found initially but will never be repaired if a route fails Supported in the 80k variant only Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 81 Addressing commands Addressing commands AT Command Name and Description Parameter Range Default SH Serial Number High The upper 32 bits of the module s 0 OxFFFFFFFF Factory unique IEEE 64 bit MAC address read only SL Serial Number Low The lower 32 bits of the module s unique 0 OxFFFFFFFF Factory IEEE 64 bit MAC address read only DH Destination Address High The upper 32 bits
139. ptimal performance With the exception of the RF Pad variant Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules do not require additional ground planes on the host PCB In general antenna elements radiate perpendicular to the direction they point Thus a vertical antenna emits across the horizon Metal objects near the antenna cause reflections and may reduce the ability for an antenna to radiate efficiently Metal objects between the transmitter and receiver can also block the radiation path or reduce the transmission distance so external antennas should be positioned away from them as much as possible Some objects that are often overlooked are metal poles metal studs or beams in structures concrete it is usually reinforced with metal rods metal enclosures vehicles elevators ventilation ducts refrigerators microwave ovens batteries and tall electrolytic capacitors Design notes for PCB antenna modules PCB Antenna modules should not have any ground planes or metal objects above or below the antenna For best results do not place the module in a metal enclosure which may greatly reduce the range Place the module at the edge of the PCB on which it is mounted The ground power and signal planes should be vacant immediately below the antenna section The drawing on the following page illustrates important recommendations for designing with the PCB Antenna module For optimal performance do not mount this module on the RF Pad footprint described in the next s
140. r will send the sync one additional time A node which is not acting as a sleep coordinator which has never been synchronized will send a message requesting sync information at the beginning of its wake cycle Synchronized nodes which receive one of these messages will respond with a synchronization packet Nodes which are configured as non sleep coordinators using the SO command which have gone six or more cycles without hearing a sync will also send a message requesting sync at the beginning of their wake period The following diagram illustrates the synchronization behavior of sleep compatible modules Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 70 Enter Deployment Mode Wait Sleep Guard Time Is Node in Deployment Mode Is Sleep Coordinator Is Sleep Coordinator Wait Random Holdoff Listen for Listen for Relay of Sync Relay of Sync Ever been Svne ed Is node a non sleep coord node which has lost sync Coord Rapid Sync Disabled Exit Deployment Mode Network Transmit Time Wait Sleep Guard Time Is Cyclic Sleep Node Wait Sleep Time in Low Power Mode Becoming a sleep coordinator Anode can become a sleep coordinator in one of four ways Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 71 Preferred sleep coordinator option A node can be specified to always act as a sleep coordinator This is done
141. ration 32 Implementation of SPI 32 SPI signals 32 Full duplex operation 33 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 4 Low power operation 34 Configuration 34 Serial port selection 34 Data format 35 SPI parameters 35 Serial buffers 35 Serial receive buffer 35 Serial transmit buffer 35 UART flow control 36 CTS flow control 36 RTS flow control 36 Serial interface protocols 36 Transparent operation UART 36 API operation 37 Transparent operation vs API operation 37 Modes of operation 38 Transmit Mode 38 Receive Mode 39 Command Mode 39 Entering AT Command Mode 39 Sending AT commands 40 Command response in the AT Command Mode 40 Applying command changes in the AT Command Mode 40 Sleep Mode 41 Troubleshooting 41 Forcing UART operation 41 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module advanced application features 42 Remote configuration commands 42 Sending a remote command 42 Applying changes on remote devices 42 Remote command responses 42 Network commissioning and diagnostics 43 Device configuration 43 Network link establishment and maintenance 43 Building aggregate routes 43 Node replacement 44 Device placement 44 Link testing 44 RSSI indicators 44 Device discovery 45 Network discovery 45 Neighbor polling 45 Link reliability 45 Network link testing 45 Link testing between adjacent devices 46 Trace routing 47 NACK messages 48 Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED 48 Commissioning pushbutton 49 Associate LED 49 Diagnostics suppo
142. red for SPI operations this pin is an input SPI_SSEL 15 ATP7 The SPI master outputs a low signal on this line to select Slave Select the desired slave When the module is configured for SPI Master out Slave in operations this pin is an input SPI_CLK 14 ATP8 The SPI master outputs a clock on this pin and the rate Clock must not exceed the maximum allowed 3 5 Mb s When Master out Slave in the module is configured for SPI operations this pin is an input SPI_LATTN 12 ATP9 The module asserts this pin low when it has data to send Attention to the SPI master When this pin is configured for SPI Master in Slave out operations it is an output not tri stated Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide Note By default the inputs have pull up resistors enabled See the PR command to disable the pull up resistors When the SPI pins are not connected but the pins are configured for SPI operation then the pull ups are needed for proper UART operation Full duplex operation SPI on XBee requires usage of API mode without escaping to packetize data However by design SPI is a full duplex protocol even when data is only available in one direction This means that whenever data is received it also transmits and that data is normally invalid Likewise whenever data is transmitted invalid data is probably received The means of determining whether or not received data is invalid is by packetizing the data with API packets SPI a
143. rface Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 34 Serial communications If only the UART is enabled then only the UART will be used and SPI_SSEL will be ignored If only the SPI is enabled then only the SPI will be used If neither serial port is enabled the module will not support serial operations and all communications must occur over the air All data that would normally go to the serial port is discarded Data format The SPI will only operate in API mode 1 Neither transparent mode nor API mode 2 which escapes control characters will be supported This means that the AP configuration only applies to the UART and will be ignored while using the SPI SPI parameters Most host processors with SPI hardware allow the bit order clock phase and polarity to be set For communication with all XBee radios the host processor must set these options as follows Bit Order send MSB first Clock Phase CPHA sample data on first leading edge Clock Polarity CPOL first leading edge rises This is SPI Mode 0 and MSB first for all XBee radios Mode 0 means that data is sampled on the leading edge and that the leading edge rises MSB first means that bit 7 is the first bit of a byte sent over the interface Serial buffers To enable the UART port DIN and DOUT must be configured as peripherals To enable the SPI port SPI_MISO SPI_MOSI SPI_SSEL and SPI_CLK must be enabled as peripherals If both ports are enabled then
144. rnal microcontroller The only way to exit bypass mode is to reset or power cycle the module If none of the above is true the bootloader will enter Command mode In this mode users can initiate firmware downloads both wired and over the air check application bootloader version strings and enter Bypass mode Application version string The figure above shows an Application version string pointer area in application flash which holds the pointer to where the application version string resides The application s linker command file ultimately determines where this string is placed in application flash It is preferable that the application version string be located at address 0x8400 for MC9SO8QE32 parts The application string can be any characters terminated by the NULL character 0x00 There is not a Strict limit on the number of characters in the string but for practical purposes should be kept under 100 bytes including the terminating NULL character During an update the bootloader erases the entire application from 0x8400 on The last page has the vector table specifically the redirected Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 24 Specifications reset vector The version string pointer and reset vector are used to determine if the application is valid Application Interrupt Vector table and Linker command file Since the bootloader flash region is read only the interrupt vector table is redirected to the region OxF1CO to OxF1FD so
145. routing table information to contain a route to the aggregator node None of the nodes will update their DH DL registers because none of the registers are set to an address of OxFFFE Node replacement The AG command can also be used to update the routing table and DH DL registers in the network after a module is replaced The DH DL registers of nodes in the network can also be updated To update only the routing table information without affecting the DH DL registers then the process of Example 2 above can be used To update the DH DL registers of the network then the method of Example 3 below can be used Example 3 The module with serial number 0x0013a2004052c507 was being used as a network aggregator It was replaced with a module with serial number 0x0013a200f5e4d3b2 The AG0013a2004052c507 command should be issued on the new module This will cause all modules which had a DH DL register setting of 0x0013a2004052c507 to update their DH DL register setting to the MAC address of the sending module 0x0013a200f5e4d3b2 Device placement For a network installation to be successful the installer must be able to determine where to place individual XBee devices to establish reliable links throughout the network Link testing A good way to measure the performance of a network is to send unicast data through the network from one device to another to determine the success rate of many transmissions To simplify link testing the modules support
146. rt 50 I O Line monitoring 51 Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide I O samples 51 Queried sampling 51 Periodic I O sampling 53 Digital I O change detection 53 General purpose flash memory 53 Accessing general purpose flash memory 53 Over the Air firmware upgrades 60 Distributing the new application 60 Verifying the new application 61 Installing the application 61 Things to remember 61 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Module networking methods 62 Directed Broadcast Repeater mode 62 Point to Point Multipoint mode 62 Permanent dedicated 62 Switched 62 DigiMesh networking 62 DigiMesh feature set 63 Networking concepts 63 Device configuration 63 Network ID 63 Data transmission and routing 63 Unicast addressing 63 Broadcast addressing 63 Routing 64 Route discovery 64 Throughput 64 Transmission timeouts 65 Unicast one hop time 65 Transmitting a broadcast 65 Transmitting a unicast with a known route 66 Transmitting a unicast with an unknown route 66 Transmitting a unicast with a broken route 66 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules sleep mode 67 Normal mode SM 0 67 Asynchronous pin sleep mode SM 1 67 Asynchronous cyclic sleep mode SM 4 68 Asynchronous cyclic sleep with pin wake up mode SM 5 68 Synchronous sleep support mode SM 7 68 Synchronous cyclic sleep mode SM 8 68 Asynchronous sleep operation 68 Wake timer 68 Indirect messaging and polling 69 Indirect messaging 69 Polling 69 Sleeping routers 69 Operation 70
147. s of operation Transparent Operation Features Advanced networking API frames can provide indication of IO samples from remote devices and node diagnostics identification messages Remote Set read configuration commands can be sent to remote devices to configure them as Configuration needed using the API As a general rule of thumb API mode is recommended when a device Sends RF data to multiple destinations Sends remote configuration commands to manage devices in the network Receives RF data packets from multiple devices and the application needs to know which device sent which packet Must support multiple endpoints cluster IDs and or profile IDs Uses the Device Profile services API mode is required when Receiving I O samples from remote devices Using SPI for the serial port If the above conditions do not apply e g a sensor node router or a simple application then transparent operation might be suitable It is acceptable to use a mixture of devices running API mode and transparent mode in a network Modes of operation When not transmitting data the RF module is in Receive Mode The module shifts into the other modes of operation under the following conditions Transmit Mode Serial data in the serial receive buffer is ready to be packetized Sleep Mode Command Mode Command Mode Sequence is issued not available when using the SPI port Transmit Mode When serial data is receive
148. sage See the NN parameter for details on changing this random delay time Sending frequent Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 63 Data transmission and routing broadcast transmissions can quickly reduce the available network bandwidth and as such should be used sparingly The broadcast address is a 64 bit address with the lowest 16 bits set to 1 The upper bits are set to 0 To send a broadcast transmission set DH to 0 and DL to OxFFFF In API mode the destination address would be set to 0x000000000000FFFF Routing A module within a mesh network is able to determine reliable routes using a routing algorithm and table The routing algorithm uses a reactive method derived from AODV Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector An associative routing table is used to map a destination node address with its next hop By sending a message to the next hop address either the message will reach its destination or be forwarded to an intermediate router which will route the message on to its destination A message with a broadcast address is broadcast to all neighbors All routers receiving the message will rebroadcast the message MT 1 times and eventually the message will reach all corners of the network Packet tracking prevents a node from resending a broadcast message more than MT 1 times Route discovery If the source node doesn t have a route to the requested destination the packet is queued to await a route discovery RD process This process
149. set HV Hardware Version Read hardware version of the module O OxFFFF read Factory set only HS Hardware Series The module hardware series number For 0 OxFFFF Factory set example if the module is version S8B this will return 0x801 DD Device Type Identifier Stores a device type value This value can 0 OxFFFFFFFF 0xC0000 be used to differentiate multiple XBee based products read only NP Maximum RF Payload Bytes This value returns the maximum 0 OxFFFF 0x100 number of RF payload bytes that can be sent in a unicast read only transmission based on the current configurations CK Configuration CRC The CRC of the current settings The purpose of this command is to allow the detection of an unexpected configuration change on a device After a firmware update this command may return a different value Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 96 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules API operation As an alternative to Transparent Operation API Application Programming Interface Operations are available API operation requires that communication with the module be done through a structured interface data is communicated in frames in a defined order The API specifies how commands command responses and module status messages are sent and received from the module using a UART Data Frame Please note that Digi may add new frame types to future versions of firmware so please build into your software interface the a
150. sh with network acknowledgments disabled Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 82 AT Command NI Name and Description Node Identifier A string identifier for this module The string accepts only printable ASCII data In AT Command Mode the string can not start with a space A carriage return or comma ends the command Command will automatically end when maximum bytes for the string have been entered This string is returned as part of the ATND Network Discover command This identifier is also used with the ATDN Destination Node command Addressing commands Parameter Range up to 20 byte ASCII string Default a space character NT Node Discover Timeout The amount of time a node will spend discovering other nodes when ND or DN is issued This value is used to randomize the responses to alleviate network congestion 0x20 Ox2EE0O x 100 msec 0x82 13 seconds NO Node Discovery Options The options value for the network discovery command The options bitfield value can change the behavior of the ND network discovery command and or change what optional values are returned in any received ND responses or API node identification frames Options include 0x01 Append DD value to ND responses or API node identification frames 0x02 Local device sends ND or FN response frame when ND is issued 0x04 Append RSSI of the last hop for DigiMesh networks to ND or FN responses or
151. sion is received a device sends a remote command response API frame out its UART The remote command response indicates the status of the command success or reason for failure and in the case of a command query it will include the register value The device that sends a remote command will not receive a remote command response frame if Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 42 Network commissioning and diagnostics The destination device could not be reached The frame ID in the remote command request is set to 0 Network commissioning and diagnostics Network commissioning is the process whereby devices in a network are discovered and configured for operation The XBee modules include several features to support device discovery and configuration In addition to configuring devices a strategy must be developed to place devices to ensure reliable routes To accommodate these requirements the XBee modules include various features to aid in device placement configuration and network diagnostics Device configuration XBee modules can be configured locally through serial commands AT or API or remotely through remote API commands API devices can send configuration commands to set or read the configuration settings of any device in the network Network link establishment and maintenance Building aggregate routes In many applications it is necessary for many or all of the nodes in the network to transmit data to a ce
152. ssigned vDummyIsr Int no 7 RTCs at F1CE Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 8 Vsci2tx at F1DQ Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 9 Vsci2rx at F1D2 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 10 Vsci2err at F1D4 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 11 Vacmpx at F1D6 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 12 Vade at F1D8 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 13 Vkeyboard at F1DA Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 14 Viic at F1DC Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 15 Vsciltx at F1DE Unassigned vScilRx x Int no 16 Vscilrx at F1EQ SCI1RX vDummyIsr Int no 17 Vscilerr at F1E2 Unassigned vDummyIsr x Int no 18 Vspi at F1E4 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 19 VReservedi2 at F1E6 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 20 Vtpm2ovf at F1E8 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 21 Vtpm2ch2 at F1EA Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 22 Vtpm2ch1 at F1EC Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 23 Vtpm2ch at F1EE Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 24 Vtpmlovf at F1FQ Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 25 Vtpmich2 at F1F2 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 26 Vtpmichl at F1F4 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 27 Vtpmlch at F1F6 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 28 Vlvd at F1F8 Unassigned vDummyIsr Int no 29 Virq at F1FA Unassigned vDummyIsr x Int no 30 Vswi at F1FC Unassigned Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 25 Specifications _Startup x Int no 31 Vreset at
153. synchronous serial signal The signal should idle high when no data is being transmitted Each data byte consists of a start bit low 8 data bits least significant bit first and a stop bit high The following figure illustrates the serial bit pattern of data passing through the module UART data packet 0x1F decimal number 31 as transmitted through the RF module Example Data Format is 8 N 1 bits parity of stop bits Least Significant Bit first gt a a 1 o o o Idle high UART Signal Signal OVvDC Voltage Start Bit low Stop Bit high Time Serial communications depend on the two UARTs the microcontroller s and the RF Module s to be configured with compatible settings baud rate parity start bits stop bits data bits The UART baud rate parity and stop bits settings on the XBee module can be configured with the BD NB and SB commands respectively For more information see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules command reference tables on page 77 SPI communications Digi XBee 856 868LP RF Modules support SPI communications in slave mode Slave mode receives the clock signal and data from the master and returns data to the master The SPI port uses the following signals on the XBee SPI MOSI Master Out Slave In inputs serial data from the master SPI_MISO Master In Slave Out outputs serial data to the master SPI_SCLK Serial Clock clocks data transfers on MOSI and MISO SPI_SSEL Slave
154. t an aggregator Update API frame if they update their DH DL address see Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules API operation on page 97 for a description of the frame All modules which receive an AG broadcast will update their routing table information to build a route to the sending module regardless of whether or not their DH DL address is updated This routing information will be used for future transmissions of DigiMesh unicasts Example 1 To update the DH DL registers of all modules in the network to be equal to the MAC address of an aggregator node with a MAC address of 0x0013a2004052c507 after network deployment the following technique could be employed 1 Deploy all modules in the network with the default DH DL of OxFFFF 2 Issue an ATAGFFFF command on the aggregator node Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 43 Network commissioning and diagnostics Following the preceding sequence would result in all of the nodes in the network which received the AG broadcast to have a DH of 0x0013a200 and a DL of 0x4052c507 These nodes would have automatically built a route to the aggregator Example 2 To cause all nodes in the network to build routes to an aggregator node with a MAC address of 0x0013a2004052c507 without affecting the DH DL of any nodes in the network the ATAGFFFE command should be issued on the aggregator node This will cause an AG broadcast to be sent to all nodes in the network All of the nodes will update their internal
155. t failure occurs on one of the hops to the destination This information is useful because it allows marginal links to be identified and repaired Commissioning pushbutton and associate LED The XBee modules support a set of commissioning and LED behaviors to aid in device deployment and commissioning These include the commissioning push button definitions and associate LED behaviors These features can be supported in hardware as shown below Commissioning Pushbutton and Associate LED Functionalities rr 9 Push button 20 O ST A 7 XBee OR Ww R ys Associate Z LED J A pushbutton and an LED can be connected to module pins 20 and 15 respectively to support the commissioning pushbutton and associated LED functionalities Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 48 Network commissioning and diagnostics Commissioning pushbutton The commissioning pushbutton definitions provide a variety of simple functions to aid in deploying devices in a network The commissioning button functionality on pin 20 is enabled by setting the DO command to 1 enabled by default Button Sleep Configuration and s Action Presses Sync Status 1 Not configured for sleep Immediately sends a Node Identification broadcast transmission All devices that receive this transmission will blink their Associate LED rapidly for 1 second All API devices that receive this transmission will send a Node Identification frame out the
156. te index within the addressed GPM block GPM_NUM_BYTES The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field 6 2 or in the case of a READ the number of bytes requested 8 varies GPM_DATA Multi byte parameters should be specified with big endian byte ordering When a GPM command is sent to a radio via a unicast the receiving radio will unicast a response back to the requesting radio s source endpoint specified in the request packet No response is sent for broadcast requests If the source endpoint is set to the DIGI_DEVICE endpoint OxE6 or explicit API mode is enabled on the requesting radio then a GPM response will be output as an explicit API RX indicator frame on the requesting node assuming API mode is enabled The format of the response is very similar to the request packet Byte Offset in Payload Number of Bytes Field Name General Field Description 0 1 GPM_CMD_ID This field will be the same as the request field 1 1 GPM_STATUS Status indicating whether the command was successful 2 2 GPM_BLOCK_NUM The block number addressed in the GPM 4 2 gt GPM_START_INDEX The byte index within the addressed GPM block 2 GPM_NUM_BYTES _ The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field varies GPM_DATA Multi byte parameters should be specified with big endian byte ordering The following commands exist for interacting with GPM Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 54 General purpose flash m
157. the SPI master has selected a particular slave device has the advantage of requiring one less physical pin connection to implement pin sleep on SPI It has the disadvantage of putting the radio to sleep whenever the SPI master negates SPI_SSEL meaning time is lost waiting for the device to wake even if that wasn t the intent Therefore if the user has full control of SPI_SSEL so that it can control pin sleep whether or not data needs to be transmitted then sharing the pin may be a good option in order to make the SLEEP_REQUEST pin available for another purpose If the radio is one of multiple slaves on the SPI then the radio would sleep while the SPI master talks to the other slave but this is acceptable in most cases If neither pin is configured as a peripheral then the radio stays awake being unable to sleep in SM1 mode Configuration The three considerations for configuration are The serial port that are selected such as whether the UART or the SPI port should be used Ifthe SPI port is used the format of the data in order to avoid processing invalid characters while transmitting The SPI options which need to be configured Serial port selection In the default configuration the UART and SPI ports will both be configured for serial port operation If both interfaces are configured serial data will go out the UART until the SPI_SSEL signal is asserted Thereafter all serial communications will operate on the SPI inte
158. the radio with serial number 0x0013a2004052CCCC Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 110 API frame specifications Aggregate Addressing Update Frame type Ox8E An Aggregate Addressing Update frame is output on an API enabled node when an address update frame generated by the AG command being issued on a node in the network causes the node to update its DH and DL registers Frame Fields Offset Example Description Start 0 Ox7E Delimiter MSB 1 0x00 Number of bytes between the length and the Length checksum LSB 2 0x12 Frame Type 3 Ox8E Format ID 4 0x00 Byte reserved to indicate format of additional packet information which may be added in future firmware revisions In the current firmware revision 0x00 is returned in this field New Address MSB5 0x00 Address to which DH and DL are being set 6 0x13 7 OxA2 8 0x00 9 0x40 10 0x52 Frame specific Data 11 OxBB LSB 12 OxBB Old Address 13 0x00 Address to which DH and DL were previously set 14 0x13 15 OxA2 16 0x00 17 0x40 18 0x52 19 OxAA 20 OxAA Checksum 21 0x2E OxFF the 8 bit sum of bytes from offset 3 to this byte Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 111 API frame specifications In the above example a radio which had a destination address DH DL of 0x0013A2004052AAAA updated its destination address to 0x0013A2004052BBBB Receive Packet Frame type 0x90 When the modul
159. the worst link it only indicates the quality of the last link and should be used accordingly The DB value can be determined in hardware using the RSSI PWM module pin pin 7 If the RSSI PWM functionality is enabled PO command when the module receives data the RSSI PWM is set to a value based on the RSSI of the received packet Again this value only indicates the quality of the last hop This pin could potentially be connected to an LED to indicate if the link is stable or not Device discovery Network discovery The network discovery command can be used to discover all Digi modules that have joined a network Issuing the ND command sends a broadcast network discovery command throughout the network All devices that receive the command will send a response that includes the device s addressing information node identifier string see NI command and other relevant information This command is useful for generating a list of all module addresses in a network When a device receives the network discovery command it waits a random time before sending its own response The maximum time delay is set on the ND sender with the NT command The ND originator includes its NT setting in the transmission to provide a delay window for all devices in the network Large networks may need to increase NT to improve network discovery reliability The default NT value is 0x82 13 seconds Neighbor polling The neighbor poll command can be used to disc
160. ting between adjacent devices It is often advantageous to test the quality of a link between two adjacent nodes in a network The Test Link Request Cluster ID can be used to send a number of test packets between any two nodes in a network A link test can be initiated using an Explicit API command frame The command frame should be addressed to the Test Link Request Cluster ID 0x0014 on destination endpoint OxE6 on the radio which should execute the test link The Explicit API command frame should contain a 12 byte payload with the following format Number of Bytes Field Name Description 8 Destination address The address with which the radio should test its link 5 Payload size The size of the test packet The maximum payload size for this radio can be queried with the MP command Iterations The number of packets which should be sent This should be a number between 1 and 4000 After completing the transmissions of the test link packets the executing radio will send the following data packet to the requesting radio s Test Link Result Cluster 0x0094 on endpoint OxE6 If the Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 46 Network commissioning and diagnostics requesting radio is configured to operate in API mode then the following information will be output as an API Explicit RX Indicator Frame Number of Bytes Field Name Description 8 Destination address The address with which the radio teste
161. tional optional HEX Return ALUE Example ATDL 1F lt CR gt To read a parameter value stored in the RF module s register omit the parameter field The preceding example would change the RF module Destination Address Low to Ox1F To store the new value to non volatile long term memory send the WR Write command This allows modified parameter values to persist in the module s registry after a reset Otherwise parameters are restored to previously saved values after the module is reset Command response in the AT Command Mode When a command is sent to the module the module will parse and execute the command Upon successful execution of a command the module returns an OK message If execution of a command results in an error the module returns an ERROR message Applying command changes in the AT Command Mode Any changes made to the configuration command registers through AT commands will not take effect until the changes are applied For example sending the BD command to change the baud rate will not change the actual baud rate until changes are applied Changes can be applied in one of the following ways The AC Apply Changes command is issued AT command mode is exited Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 40 Troubleshooting To Exit AT Command Mode 1 Send the ATCN Exit Command Mode command followed by a carriage return OR 2 If no valid AT Commands are received within the t
162. tire network at the beginning of the next wake cycle The network will immediately begin using the new sleep parameters after this sync is sent Changing sleep parameters increases the chances that nodes will lose sync If a node does not receive the sync message with the new sleep settings it will continue to operate on its old settings To minimize the risk of a node losing sync and to facilitate the re syncing of a node that does lose sync the following precautions can be taken 1 Whenever possible avoid changing sleep parameters 2 Enable the missed sync early wake up sleep option SO This command is used to tell a node to wake up progressively earlier based on the number of cycles it has gone without receiving a sync This will increase the probability that the un synced node will be awake when the network wakes up and sends the sync message Note Using this sleep option increases reliability but may decrease battery life Nodes using this sleep option which miss sync messages will have an increased wake time and decreased sleep time during cycles in which the sync message is missed This will reduce battery conservation 3 When changing between two sets of sleep settings choose settings so that the wake periods of the two sleep settings will happen at the same time In other words try to satisfy the following equation SP1 ST1 N SP2 ST2 where SP1 ST1 and SP2 ST2 are the desired sleep settings and N is an integer Rejoi
163. to be woken prematurely by asserting the Sleep_RQ pin pin 9 In SM 5 the XBee can wake after the sleep period expires or if a high to low transition occurs on the Sleep_RQ pin Synchronous sleep support mode SM 7 A node in synchronous sleep support mode will synchronize itself with a sleeping network but will not itself sleep At any time the node will respond to new nodes which are attempting to join the sleeping network with a sync message A sleep support node will only transmit normal data when the other nodes in the sleeping network are awake Sleep support nodes are especially useful when used as preferred sleep coordinator nodes and as aids in adding new nodes to a sleeping network Note Because sleep support nodes do not sleep they should be mains powered Synchronous cyclic sleep mode SM 8 A node in synchronous cyclic sleep mode sleeps for a programmed time wakes in unison with other nodes exchanges data and sync messages and then returns to sleep While asleep it cannot receive RF messages or read commands from the UART port Generally sleep and wake times are specified by the SP and ST respectively of the network s sleep coordinator These parameters are only used at start up until the node is synchronized with the network When a module has synchronized with the network its sleep and wake times can be queried with the OS and OW commands respectively If D9 1 ON_SLEEP enabled on a cyclic sleep node the ON_SLEEP lin
164. uld be read GPM_START_INDEX Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide Set to the byte index within the GPM block where the given data should be read 57 Field Name GPM_NUM_BYTES General purpose flash memory Command Specific Description Set to the number of data bytes to be read Only one GPM block can be operated on per command For this reason GPM_START_INDEX GPM_NUM_BYTES cannot be greater than the GPM block size It is also important to remember that the number of bytes sent in an explicit API frame including the GPM command fields cannot exceed the maximum payload size of the radio The maximum payload size can be queried with the NP AT command GPM_DATA No data bytes should be specified for this command READ _RESPONSE 0x84 When a READ command request has been unicast to a node that node will send a response in the following format to the source endpoint specified in the requesting frame Field Name Command Specific Description GPM_CMD_ID Should be set to READ_RESPONSE 0x84 GPM_STATUS A 1 in the least significant bit indicates an error occurred All other bits are reserved at this time GPM_BLOCK_NUM Matches the parameter passed in the request frame GPM_START_INDEX Matches the parameter passed in the request frame GPM_NUM_BYTES The number of bytes in the GPM_DATA field GPM_DATA The bytes read from the GPM block specified Example To read 15 bytes o
165. unt of time determined by the RO Packetization Timeout parameter If RO 0 packetization begins when a character is received The Command Mode Sequence GT CC GT is received Any character buffered in the serial receive buffer before the sequence is transmitted Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 36 Serial communications The maximum number of characters that will fit in an RF packet is received See the NP parameter API operation API operation is an alternative to transparent operation The frame based API extends the level to which a host application can interact with the networking capabilities of the module When in API mode all data entering and leaving the module is contained in frames that define operations or events within the module Transmit Data Frames received through the serial port include RF Transmit Data Frame Command Frame equivalent to AT commands Receive Data Frames sent out the serial port include RF received data frame Command response Event notifications such as reset etc The API provides alternative means of configuring modules and routing data at the host application layer A host application can send data frames to the module that contain address and payload information instead of using command mode to modify addresses The module will send data frames to the application containing status packets as well as source and payload information from received data p
166. utput low 5 Digital output high 0 2 5 D4 DIO4 Configuration Pin 24 0 Disabled 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 3 5 D5 DIO5 ASSOCIATE_INDICATOR Configuration Pin 28 0 Disabled 1 Associated Indicator 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 1 3 5 D6 DIO6 RTS Configuration Pin 29 0 Disabled 1 RTS flow control 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 0 1 3 5 D7 DIO7 CTS Configuration Pin 25 0 Disabled 1 CTS flow control 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high 6 RS 485 Tx enable low TX OV on transmit high when idle 7 RS 485 Tx enable high TX high on transmit OV when idle 0 1 3 7 D8 DIO8 SLEEP_REQUEST Configuration Pin 10 0 Disabled 1 Sleep request 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 0 1 3 5 88 AT Command D9 Name and Description DIO9 ON SLEEP Configuration Pin 26 0 Disabled 1 ON SLEEP output 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low 5 Digital output high I O Settings commands Parameter Range 0 1 3 5 Default 1 PO DIO10 RSSI PWMO Configuration Pin 7 0 Disabled 1 RSSI PWMO output 2 PWMO output 3 Digital input 4 Digital output low
167. ved Disabled Do Not Connect 20 reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 21 reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 22 GND Ground 23 reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 24 DIO4 Both Disabled GPIO 25 DIO7 CTS Both Output GPIO Clear to Send Flow Control 26 DIO9 ON SLEEP Both Output GPIO Module Status Indicator Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 15 Specifications Pin Name Direction Default State Description 27 VREF Input Not used internally used for programmable secondary processor For compatibility with other XBee modules we recommend connecting this pin to the voltage reference if Analog Sampling is desired Otherwise connect to GND 28 DIO5 ASSOCIATE Both Output GPIO Associate Indicator 29 DIO6 RTS Both Input GPIO Request to Send Flow Control 30 DIO3 AD3 Both Disabled GPIO Analog Input 31 DIO2 AD2 Both Disabled GPIO Analog Input 32 DIO1 AD1 Both Disabled GPIO Analog Input 33 DIOO ADO Both Input GPIO Analog Input 34 reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 35 GND Ground 36 RF Both RF I O for RF Pad Variant 37 reserved Disabled Do Not Connect 2 Signal Direction is specified with respect to the module 3 See the Design notes section below for details on pin connections 4 These pins are not available for customer use Design notes The Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules do not specifically require any exter
168. will cause the node to begin emitting sync messages Verify that the first node is emitting sync messages by watching its associate LED A slow blink indicates that the node is acting as a sleep coordinator 2 Next power on nodes in range of the sleep coordinator or other nodes which have synchronized with the network If the synchronized node is asleep it can be woken by pressing the commissioning button once 3 Wait a cycle for the new node to sync itself 4 Verify that the node syncs with the network The associate LED will blink when the module is awake and synchronized 5 Continue this process until all nodes have been deployed Adding a new node to an existing network To add a new node to the network the node must receive a sync message from a node already in the network On power up an unsynchronized sleep compatible node will periodically send a broadcast requesting a sync message and then sleep for its SP period Any node in the network that receives this message will respond with a sync Because the network can be asleep for extended periods of Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 74 time and as such cannot respond to requests for sync messages there are methods that can be used to sync a new node while the network is asleep 1 Power the new node on within range of a sleep support node Sleep support nodes are always awake and will be able to respond to sync requests promptly 2 Asleeping cyclic sleep node
169. with an unknown route If the route to the destination is not known the transmitting module will begin by sending a route discovery If the route discovery is successful and a route is found then the data is transmitted The timeout associated with the entire operation can be estimated as follows unknownRouteUnicast BroadcastTxTime NH xunicastOneHopTime knownRouteUnicast Transmitting a unicast with a broken route If the route to a destination node has changed since the last time a route discovery was completed a node will begin by attempting to send the data along the previous route After it fails a route discovery will be initiated and upon completion of the route discovery the data will be transmitted along the new route The timeout associated with the entire operation can be estimated as follows brokenRouteUnicast BroadcastTxTime NH xunicastOneHopTime 2 knownRouteUnicast Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 66 Digi XBee 865 868LP RF Modules sleep mode A number of low power modes exist to enable modules to operate for extended periods of time on battery power These sleep modes are enabled with the SM command The sleep modes are characterized as either asynchronous SM 1 4 5 or synchronous SM 7 8 Asynchronous sleeping modes should not be used in a synchronous sleeping network and vice versa Asynchronous sleep modes can be used to control the sleep state on a module by module basis Modules operating in a
170. y value MT Broadcast Multi Transmit The number of 0 5 3 additional MAC level broadcast transmissions All broadcast packets are transmitted MT 1 times to ensure it is received PL Power Level The transmit power level These 0 2 mW e i r p 4 values include the gain of a 2 dBi antenna The 1 5 mW e i r p conducted power is 2 dBi less Digi XBee 865 868 LP RF Modules User Guide 2 10 MW e i r p 3 16 MW e i r p 4 25 mW e i r p 78 AT Command RR Name and Description Unicast Mac Retries The maximum number of 0 OXxF MAC level packet delivery attempts for unicasts If RR is non zero packets sent from the radio will request an acknowledgment and can be resent up to RR times if no acknowledgments are received Diagnostics commands Parameter Range Default 0x10 ED Energy Detect Start an Energy Detect scan This 0 OxFF parameter is the time in milliseconds to scan all channels The module will loop through all the channels until the time elapses The maximal energy on each channel is returned and each value is followed by a comma with the list ending with a carriage return The values returned reflect the detected energy level in units of dBm Diagnostics commands AT Command BC Name and Description Bytes Transmitted The number of RF bytes transmitted This count is incremented for every PHY level byte transmitted The purpose of this count is to estimate battery life by trac
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172. ytes lt CR gt After NT 100 milliseconds the command ends by returning a lt CR gt ND also accepts a Node Identifier NI as a parameter optional In this case only a module that matches the supplied identifier will respond If ND is sent through the API each response is returned as a separate AT_CMD_Response packet The data consists of the above listed bytes without the carriage return delimiters The NI string will end in a 0x00 null character FN Find Neighbors Discovers and reports all modules found within n a n a immediate RF range The following information is reported for each module discovered MY lt CR gt always xFFFE SH lt CR gt SL lt CR gt NI lt cR gt Variable length PARENT_NETWORK ADDRESS lt CR gt 2 bytes always xFFFE DEVICE_TYPE lt CR gt 1 byte O Coordinator 1 Router 2 End device STATUS lt CR gt 1 byte reserved PROFILE_ID lt CR gt 2 bytes MANUFACTURER_ID lt CR gt 2 bytes DIGI DEVICE TYPE lt CR gt 4 bytes Optionally included based on NO settings RSSI OF LAST HOP lt CR gt 1 byte Optionally included based on NO settings lt CR gt If the FN command is issued in command mode after NT 100 ms overhead time the command ends by returning a lt CR gt If the FN command is issued via a Local or Remote Command Request API frame each response is returned as a separate Local or Remote AT Command Response API packet respectively The data consists of the ab

Digi XBee 865/868 LP RF Modules User Guide

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