Beginners Guide to Porting NETMF
Contents
1. Porting NETMF Beginners Guide October 6 2010 Rev 0 03 R electronics This Book in INCOMPLETE Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC www GHIElectronics com www TinyCLR com By Gus Issa N EZ FREAKIN jEASY Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework j Table of Contents 2 Build TinyBooterDecompressot 26 A FAVE MVC ATC ci aiana 6 Ng naaa 28 4 4 RODUStIESS csecceseccesssceseseussesseussnsess 6 10 3 MFDeploy o cscsion iselonsisarascicrocdstuasenemedimbise dads 32 4 5 Time to Market ccsscccssessssessessesnesees 1 ILEEWE SeU 35 5 Selecting a GAHI VCS ise ctecsssrttescetnctstes tern amet 8 11 1 USBiz1 Fitmwate sre tarts estas tontnadcamsatcioaas 35 5 4 FEZ Family sssssssssessecsessserees 10 11 5 Loading Test Application 0 36 FEZ Domino and FEZ Mini 22 t0 U2 Solution W170 adic iatclissndevaaimtaapinonebacdeandas 38 15 NativeSample PAE P IEEE AEAT 43 15 1 Blink LED 0 0 occ ceecceceecececees 43 Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 2 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Change Logg 1 Change Log Not active for preliminary releases Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 3 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework About the Bookg 2 About the Book 2 1 Intended Audience This book is for beginners wanting to port NET Micro Framew2. PCB Layout Now how do we want our circuit board to look like would say make it an Arduino pinout compatible so you can use the many available shields But this processor has a lot more IOs that what is on Arduino board that we do not want to lose This is easily solved by extending the board slightly on one side and add another header will take the open source FEZ Panda or FEZ Domino design files to get started then modify it to fit the plan Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 16 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework DIY NETME Hardware oplegt FEZ Hacker i i UUU TiInyYCLR c Om GHI Electronics LLC You can see that even added a JTAG to the board JTAG is not needed for NETMF usage but it is handy since can use this board for anything like The design files are found at http www tinyclr com downloads FEZ 20Hacker FEZ 20Hacker 201 1 Zip Ordering the board When running all traces and running some verification scripts we are ready to order the PCB There are too many websites that would love to make these boards for you used www my4pcb com Few days later and received this board a ee cis SH am y a os Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 17 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework DIY NETMF Hardwareg Soldering You can send the board to places like http www screamingcircuits com or you can have more fun an
3. SAM port The problem with the second option is that you will lose the digital signing if you make any changes on the USB drivers So we will change the VID in the SAM port source codes to use GHI s Open usb_config cpp file located at C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 Solutions SAM 7X_EK DeviceCode USB Find the VID and PID device descriptor deTine PRODUCT ID xb156 deTine VENDOR ID xBSE6 and change them to same ones used by GHI VID 1B9F and PID 0102 device descriptor define PRODUCT ID x 102 GHI s NETMF PID define VENDOR_ID x1B9F GHI s VID We can now rebuild and deploy just like we did before just remember to erase FEZ Hacker first using the Erase jumper When all is done you will see this in your Device Manager gt JE Computer 44 gt Debuggable Net Micro Framework Device GHI NET Micro Framework USB Debugging Interface gt Sy Disk drives J Display adapters We have now a device that is booted with TinyBooter told you NETMF doesn t have to be difficult Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 31 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwarey 10 3 MFDeploy MFDeploy has many uses in NETMF We will use it to load the firmware fro now Locate and run MFDeploy Ss x t Search Tools Open Burn New folder Pa sr eee Name Date modified Type ME Desktop d E MetaDataProcessor exe 6 17 2010 12 36 PM Applicatil i Downloads MetaDa
4. and game programmers can use it with less effort NETMF works the same way porting is not easy but using it is very easy Now When using a GHI NETMF product you are not paying for NETMF but for the free and unlimited features support maintenance robustness and time to market Let s cover these in detail 4 1 Features GHI NETMF products include many exclusive features such as USB Host USB Device one wire CAN PPP WiFi too many to list here All these are included at no additional cost GHI continues to adds exclusive features via updates free of charge 4 2 Support Our world class support is free The same engineers that invented these devices are monitoring the forums emails and phone to provide superior support We re here to assist you every step of the way until your product is on the market as soon as possible We would love for you to visit our forum and ask other customers how satisfied they are with GHI support 4 3 Maintenance Every few months Microsoft releases a new NETMF version GHI works very closely with Microsoft on any new possible issues and does all the work required to update all GHI s NETMF devices For GHI customers this is a five minute FREE firmware update and GHI takes care of the rest 4 4 Robustness There are thousands of GHI s NETMF devices used around the world in most markets This vast usage guarantees quality and stability of GHI Electronics products You can use any of the GHI El
5. few thousands dollars using GCC with larger code size is not a bad idea anymore This is a good place to mention that GHI uses RVDS for its development which should be the best compiler available for ARM processors This allows GHI to fit as many features as possible in those exciting little chipsets modules NETMF is tested to work with GCC package made available by http www codesourcery com Now you can t just use the latest version you can find as changes on GCC may cause the NETMF compilation to break You will need to use a specific version For NETMF 4 1 use arm 200 q3 53 arm none eabi exe found at this link http www codesourcery com sgpp lite arm portal release316 You will need to download the windows package do not install just yet The NETMEF PK build system has a problem compiling GCC build if the GCC path has spaces SO you will need to use the old 8 3 naming so instead of C Program Files use C PROGRM 1 I still highly recommend the GCC tool chain is installed in the root of your hard drive with the simplest possible name simply used C GCC for the installation location m p a 3m Sourcery G Lite for ARM EAB EEE Choose Install Folder Welcome Where Vould You Like to Install QO Important Information cece Q Choose Install Set amp Choose Install Folder Add to PATH Choose Shortcut Folder P Fre Installation Summary Q Installing C Install
6. firmware image O Create a New Solution Generate a new solution from scratch in a new directory Clone an Existing Solution Create a solution in a new directory based on an existing project This lets you to customize this solution before itis created Edit an Existing Solution Modify a solution without making a copy Use the Clone option if you are modifying a sample solution Sack Select EA _LPC2478 Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 38 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Solution Wizar Name EA_LPC2478 Description Embedded Artists LPC2478 board port 4 0 Project Path C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 Solutions EA_LPC 2478 EA_LPC 478 settings Processor Type LPC24XX iia Solution Properties Choose a name and description for the solution USBizi_OpenSource GHI Electronics LLC Do not make any changes on the rest of the settings and keep clicking next till you are at the Solution Summary Click Finish and now you have your new solution Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 39 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Solution Wizar Review the details of the new solution The NET Micro Framework Solution Wizard will create the U5Bizi_ OpenSource solution in the directory C MicroFrameworkPK v4 1 Solutions USBizi OpenSource The following is a description of the components of this solution Each solution consists of a set
7. iit SUE fi meee ChipworkX also adds SQLite database support and allows users Jae to load their own native code C assembly on the device using sa RLP Runtime Loadable Procedures RLP allows for advance easy Processor intensive and real time applications Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 8 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Selecting a GHI Devicey 5 2 EMX Module This small module includes all NETMF major features and adds fee 92 200 mee 2 1S Te Ce Cis Py amam MI Eara CUES many GHI exclusive features On the software side File system TCP IP SSL Graphics debugging and more NETMF features are included GHI also adds WiFi PPP USB host USB device builder CAN Analog in out PWM and more As for the hardware It is 72Mhz ARM processor with 8MB SDRAM and 4 5MB FLASH 5 3 USBizi Chipset USBizi is the smallest and only single chip running NETMEF in the world The software running on it is a scaled down version of Embedded Master It includes all features except networking TCP IP and PPP and native graphics Even though these features are missing USBizi can be connected to a network using TCP IP chipsets like WlZnet and can run simple displays There are example projects already provided showing how USBizi can be networked and can display graphics Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 9 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Select
8. of projects which in turn have a set of features and libraries Solution USBizi OpenSource Author GHI Electronics LLC Description Processor LPC2 44 Debugger Port COM1 Project NativeSample Solutions USBiziOpenSource TinyCLR Organize Include in library Share with Burn gt gzz 7 or Fava Mame Date modified Type W De GNU_S 8 15 2010 6 09 PM File folder a De d RVD_S 8 15 2010 6 09 PM File folder WE Re 4 allocator cpp 8 15 2010 6 09 PM C Source scatterfile_ram_functions xml 8 15 2010 6 09 PM AML Document Libri seatterfile_tinyclrgec xml 8 18 2010 9 24 PM XML Document Dr E scatterfile_tinyclr_ram_functions xml 8 15 2010 6 09 PM AML Document al Mi lar a ee EI be el E r OAT nn 141 00 ABA Sa Me a el 1 il 9 items The last thing we need to do is to make sure the new cloned solution we have will compile So go ahead and compile the USBizi_ OpenSource solution before we make any changes to it Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 40 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Memory Layout 13 Memory Layout Xml file regions output file verify Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 41 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Bootstrapy 14 Bootstrap 14 1 Bootstrap Debugging Use LED Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 42 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework NativeSample
9. 2 bs pO Processors We can now run SAM BA software If you had it open then you will have to close it and reopen it Connect Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 29 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker F irmwarey Remember how our board is compatible with AT91SAM X512 EK board We basically just copied the schematics So we will use that option from the menu Also select the appropriate COM port mine was forced to COM4 in previous steps Click connect and you will have a new dialog From the Flash menu TinyBooterDecompressor bin file and click SendFile direct SAM BA to Tp im SAM BA CDC 2 10 at91sam7x512 Sa a File ScriptFile Link Help at91sam xc512 Memory Display Start Address ox200000 Refresh Size in bytefs 0x1 00 0x00200000 0x00200010 0x00200020 0x00200030 0x00200040 NYNNPNNNSKN 0x40480200 0x0040E000 0x4770D3F2 Ox49A946AR OxEOOSDiF9 AwFNNIT4aRR Display format C ascii C 8bit C 16 bit 32 bit 0x21004AB3 0x04093101 Ox694A49AC Ox3801E000 0xD0032800 Ov2OFFTN4A 0xD5020403 0x0C000400 OxDSFCO792 Ox07D2694A 0x06006988 AwRSOFR4779 0x40500040 0x29080C09 0x477061C8 Ox2800D402 0x47700E00 Aw2PANNICOAF Applet traces on DBGU infos T Apply 4 T DataFlash AT45DB DCB EEPROM AT24 Flash SRAM SerialFlash AT25 AT26 Download Upload File Send File Name C Micr
10. Complete G CODESOURCERY InstallAnvwwhere by Macrovision Cancel Previous We are now ready to install the GCC tools Keep all options to the default except for the install location as shown above Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 21 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework The PK Build System 9 The PK Build System If you are used to build simple projects using IDEs then you will not be very happy to know that you work with the NETMF source codes will be all done through command line With that said the build system is really impressive By running one command the build system builds some tools MetadataProcessor that is used within the build itself For this reason the very first time you run a build it will take a while to finish but from that point on the build finishes relatively fast Before we write a single line of code we need to make sure we can build one of the ports that ship with the porting kit always select MXS as my first test This is the port that started NETMF and most used by NETMF developers This port is also available in other form to demonstrate other features such as iIMXS_thumb which shows how to build using THUMB instructions instead of ARM to reduce firmware footprint In case you didn t know ARM 7 and ARM9 processors can run either 32 bit ARM instructions or 16 bit THUMB instructions Using 16 bit will reduce performance very slightly but will make the memor
11. FrameworkPK_v4_1 BuildOutput ARM GCC4 2 le FLASH debug iMxS You will find 2 folders bin lib and obj GS Organize qc2 Ea i Favorites Name BE Desktop i d bin ip Downloads di lib Recent Place di obj coy Libraries Eel Documents al Music E Pictures o d m J 3 tems The we are most interested in is the bin folder Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 24 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework The PK Build System 6G iMXS gt bin gt Organize pen gt a Music Name pi de tinyclr bin do tinyelr hex 4 tinyelraxt Homegroup 3 RE __ tinyclr axfdump Ec __ tinyclr dat fromlastbuildrun J Computer z E p E tinyclramap jeg Local Disk Q a tinyelr scatterfile ldf th Network Fij 4 WT _ tinyclr bin File folder In the folder tinyclr axf is an ELF file that contains all needed debugging info This is the file you need if you were to use JTAG tinyclr map lists where every method lives in memory You will rarely use this file but when you need it you will be very happy to know it is there for you The tinyclr scatterfile ldf is a very important file when we are starting a port and laying out memory This is the file used by the linker to place object in their appropriate location NETMF build system uses an XML file to layout the memory and then this file is generated using MetadataProcessor It maybe usefu
12. I wanted to master the porting kit Mastering the PK allowed GHI to add a lot of exclusive features that made NETMF Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 14 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Supported Processors even more powerful This step was very difficult for GHI since NETMF had many bugs that slowed GHI NETMF wasn t tested enough on porting since most just used what is in the PK am talking about NETMF 2 5 we are now at NETMF 4 1 which has matured much and is very solid big thanks to the NETMF Team who by the way helped GHI very much 6 2 Peripheral Drivers Assuming you listened to my suggestion and selected ARM as the processor you want to use now what ARM processor The core NETMF will simply run on any ARM processor that is easy But the NETMF needs a lot of hardware access to function properly At the bare minimum it needs timers Same as earlier bootstrap story you really should use one of available ports at least to start learning Another good option is to use a processor from the same family For example if you want to use LPC2387 processor the porting kit already has LPC2478 which has a compatible set of peripherals In fact this is what will use for demonstration throughout this book Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 15 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework DIY NETMF Hardwareg 7 DIY NETMF Hardware Although working with porting NETMF can be a little bi
13. LC Page 35 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Hardware Sctupy 11 4 Erasing FEZ Panda The next step is to erase FEZ Panda Once FEZ Panda is erased you can NOT put the USBizi firmware back on it Basically once FEZ Panda is erased it becomes a board with LPC238 7 ARM processor Support from GHI is optional but GHI provides the EAGLE design files and PDF schematics all open source If you need to load USBizi official firmware back on FEZ Panda board you must send the board back to GHI not distributor to have it reflashed Once you are sure you want to void the warranty and erase your FEZ Panda you can follow these steps you can t restore USBizi firmware once it is erased 1 Download this file http www tinyclr com downloads Porting Do_NOT_use_will_ erase_firmware GHI Make sure you are using UART NOT USB for accessing the FEZ Panda loader Open TeraTerm and do erase all see USBizi user manual Load the above file the same way you load USBizi firmware Ye 2 oN When done you will see some messages on TeraTerm as showing in image below you will need to confirm you want the firmware erased kkkk kkk image 11 5 Loading Test Application Now that the board is erased you can now load anything you want on FEZ Panda The JTAG is now also unlocked so debugging is also possible if you want to use it will assume you do not have JTAG and we will load flash using a tool called Flash Magic In thi
14. PK_v4_1 Back to MFDeploy select TinyCLR hex file from the output folder and click Deploy This will take a while By the way this runs much faster on other FEZ boards Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 33 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwareg When done click Ping and you will see TinyCLR instead of TinyBooter Pinging TinyCLB We can now use Visual Studio to blink an LED or do whatever we like If not sure how use the other free Beginner Guide to NETMF ebook for details on using NETMF This book only covers porting Here is an example on blinking an LED which is connected to PA that is lO7 using System using System Threading using Microsoft SPOT using Microsoft SPOT Hardware namespace MFConsoleApplication1 public class Program public static void Main OutputPort LED new OutputPort Cpu Pin GPIO Pin7 true while true Thread Sleep 500 LED Write false Thread Sleep 5 LED Write true Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 34 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Hardware Setupj 11 Hardware Setup have selected FEZ Panda since it is the smallest device GHI offers and it is all open source You may need to buy two FEZ Panda s one pre programmed and one you can erase as explained below 11 1 USBizi Firmware By default FEZ Panda and Rhino Domino Mini ship with GHI s USBizi firm
15. are a very much an expert in porting NETMF and have done few NETMEF ports from scratch Proving that NETMF can run on processors other than ARM NETMF 4 1 ships with ports supporting Renesas SH processors 6 1 Bootstrap Most programmers are used to see main as the starting point to their programs This is not entirely correct There is a lot of code that runs first to initialize the processor memories and runtime system before main is executed This is called bootstrap Bootstraping is very much processor dependent It initializes the system clocks and enable required peripherals Now if you are using an ARM processor other than what is already in the PK you will be needing to write your own bootstrap code Doing so is very difficult to debug usually Since the system hasn t run yet there is no way to send debug messages to a serial port or to display Even JTAG may not work properly before clocks are setup properly If you look at the available NETMF devices on the market they are almost all using a processor that is already found in the porting kit As far as know GHI is the only company who went far enough to provide a product that needed a completely write of NETMF port for NXP LPC2478 processor The current PK includes this port but GHI had it available long time before hand By the way this was GHI s very first product too Why did GHI go the difficult route and not just use one of the ports in PK like others do Simply GH
16. ase GCC4 2 C MicroFrameworkPR_v4_1 4611 C2 MicroFrameworkPRK_v4_1 Framework Features PalEvent_PAL libcatproj can not be imported again It was already imported at C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 Fra mework Features Touch creen featureproj 14 39 This is most likely a build au thoring error This subsequent import will be ignored C MicroFramevorkPK_v4_ iSo lutionssiMA ST inyCLRT iny CLR proj GC i MicroFrameworkPK_v4_i1 Framevork Features Ink featureproj s 33 warning MSB 4611 C 2 MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 Framework Features Hardware featureproj cannot be imported again It was already imported at C MicroFrameworkPRK_v4_1 8o0luti ons lt iMKS T inyCLRsTiny CLR proj 43 33 This is most likely a build authoring er ror This subsequent import will be ignored 26 Warning lt s gt Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 23 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework The PK Build System When all is done and seem going perfectly run the build a second time to see how much faster it will build Now let us assume you made some changes but things are not working as expected to you decided to run a clean build This is easily accomplished using MSBUILD EXE t clean p flavor debug memory flash 9 1 Output Folder Each solution in the PK is built in a separate folder so you can easily make separate builds and not worry about possible errors For our example the output folder is found at C Micro
17. d assemble the board yourself have few videos on YouTube on how to solder if you are interested in watching them 1 of 4 http www youtube com watch v QEEV3AZjJRMM 2 of 4 http www youtube com watch v RPtLviwt06A 3 of 4 http www youtube com watch v JtAv3Le0e0A 4 of 4 http www youtube com watch v MvuRXWzk9_c After some soldering we get this beautiful FEZ Hacker Feel free to make your own am only asking you to keep www TinyCLR com on the board and keep the FEZ Hacker name Do not to add your name to your own board so everyone knows who made them UL C18 T Ho c sa a oe Bee Bee oe Sons gt ae osa ce ae s eee s ae e tae ore ar PTET EEL E sg ESODO Tps oD Loading Software Chapter FEZ Hacker Firmware details this step You need to instal few software components first FEZ Hacker vs FEZ Panda So why am also referring to FEZ Panda porting since we have this board SAM7 port is already included in the porting kit so you will not learn much if you use it will be using the FEZ Panda processor LPC238 7 to explain the porting procedure better Not only that LPC chips cost less than SAM chips Which do not understand why since LPC chips are faster and have more features SAM only has more RAM 96K vs 128K Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 18 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework DIY NETME Hardware 7 1 Taking DYI to the Nex
18. e build completed with an error saying something about CreateSymdef then copy CreateSymdef exe file from C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 tools bin to C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 BuildOutput public Release Server dll This is a sample of the error message G Administrator MF Release GCC4 2 C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 OON e Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 26 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwarey Then try to build again if needed and make sure you have no errors at the end Here is the build completed with no errors BW Administrator MF Release GCC4 2 C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 The output folder is located at C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 BuildOutput THUMB GCC4 2 le FLASH release SAM7X_EK bin It should have plenty of files but you are specifically interested in TinyBooterDecompressor hex and TinyBooterDecompressor bin Organize _ Open Burn New folder on J sir Favorit Name Date modified Type AE La DU IPP SOLE ire Ly Uy ee Sah Pv Sub ACFE LOLOL ME Desktop p Downloads Recent Places A TinyBooterDecompressor axt 10 6 2010 9 47 AM AXF File __ TinyBooterDecompressor axtdump 10 6 2010 9 47 AM AAFDUMP File _ TinyBooterDecompressor bin 10 6 2010 9 47 AM BIN File TinyBooterDecompressor hex 10 6 2010 9 47 AM HEX File oy Libraries Documents TinyBooterDecompressor map 10 6 2010 9 47 AM Linker Address Map _ TinwBonterMecommre
19. ectronics products with ease of mind Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 6 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Porting vs GHI s Otfersy 4 5 Time to Market Using GHI Electronics NETMF products will soeed up development Your design is almost done as soon as you add one of the GHI NETMF products We have seen customers that create full products in a week You can for example take a FEZ Rhino starter kit write a little code over a few days add your company s logo sticker on top and you have your own product You will probably spend most of your time designing ordering the logo sticker than you would spend on the hardware design Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 7 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Selecting a GHI Deviceg 5 Selecting a GHI Device GHI Electronics offers an extensive range from the very basic to the very advance e Chipworkx e EMX e USBizi e FEZ Family e FEZ Domino and FEZ Mini e FEZ Rhino e FEZ Cobra e FEZ Panda and many more 5 1 ChipworkX Module If processing power and customization is needed then this is the eames aei LEF right choice ChipworkX runs a 200Mhz ARM processor with 64MB te Etsy 32 bit SDRAM and 8MB for user applications It also contains 7 TT E 256MB internal flash for file system storage It includes all NETMF Ti ef 2 major features and adds GHI exclusive features like WiFi and USB 4 fe Ds host support ef em z i
20. f sensors that are ready to plug directly into the kits From LEDs and buttons to reflection and temperature sensors These book examples are made for FEZ devices In general the examples are still for NET Micro Framework so modifying it to run on any NETMF system should be an easy task Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 11 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Selecting a GHI Deviceg FEZ Cobra FEZ Cobra is an open source circuit board based on EMX module With multiple optional displays optional enclosure native graphics support native Ethernet support with SSL and megabytes of memory FEZ Cobra is ideal for those high end projects Not to forget that this is still FEZ so it is Freakin Easy to use spagan OO0O0OOr wW V S eeeeeene02808 D h saga e at A _ oo au 2 8 Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 12 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Selecting a GHI Deviceg Other Devices GHI strives to deliver the latest technologies dynamically to its customer needs There is always something new at GHI so please visit www GHIElectronics com and www TinyCLR com for the latest offers Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 13 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Supported Processors 6 Supported Processors ARM is the most common processor used with NETMF but other processors are al
21. g 15 NativeSample 15 1 Blink LED 15 2 Debug Messages Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 43 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Booting Firmwarey 16 Booting Firmware 16 1 Bootup Messages 16 2 MFDeploy Ping Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 44 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Managed Applicationsy 17 Managed Applications 17 1 Block Storage Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 45 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Interopsy 18 Interops GHI started with virtual COM port GHI exclusive features RLP 18 1 PWM Interop Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 46 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Final Wordsg 19 Final Words If you found this book useful and it saved you few minutes of research then have accomplished what had in mind very much thank you for your downloading and reading this book 19 1 Further Reading This book only covers the basics of C and NET Micro Framework This is a list of some resources to learn more e My blog is always a good place to visit http tinyclr blogspot com e The Micro Framework Project website is an excellent resource http www microframeworkprojects com e A good and free eBook to continue learning about C is available at http www programmersheaven com 2 CSharpBook e Jens Kuhner excellent book on NET Micro Framework http ww
22. ge of any books or online example code that are targeting NET since there are a lot of similarities between the full NET and NETMF While NETMF is great believe that Microsoft didn t do enough as far as documentation This why wrote the first book aimed for beginners wanting to use NETMF and this second book is for developers wanting to port NETMF to their hardware 3 1 Advantages If you are using NET Micro Framework then there are many advantages here just a few It runs on Microsoft s Visual C Express free and and high end IDE NET Micro Framework is open source and free Your code will run on all these devices with almost on changes Full debugging capabilities Breakpoints stepping in code variables etc Has been tested in many commercial products so quality is assured Includes many bus drivers SPI UART I2C etc No need to use processors data sheets because of the standard framework Se a oO eS eS YS If you are already a PC C programmer then you are already an embedded system developer with NE TMF Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 5 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Porting vs GHI s Offers 4 Porting vs GHI s Offers There are two sides of working with NETMF porting it and using it For example writing a JAVA game on a cell phone is much easier than placing the JAVA virtual machine JVM on a phone The phone manufacture did all the work of porting JAVA to their phone
23. ing a GHI Deviceg 5 4 FEZ Family FEZ Domino and FEZ Mini FEZ Domino and FEZ Mini are very small open source boards targeted for beginners They are based on the USBizi chipset FEZ offers many peripherals such as USB host and SD interface not available with many hobbyist targeted boards Even though FEZ is targeted for beginners it s also a low cost starting point for professionals wanting to explore NETMF 5 Gana quaennnegyaneayyayayunyeayeyeagegy RESET 1 aZ1 al 77 tuuga mE wos ygahutL NNn AINUR Eu TTO FEZ stands for Freakin Easy eas Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 10 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Selecting a GHI Deviceg FEZ offers many features not found in Arduino BASIC STAMP and others Based on Microsoft s NET Micro Framework Runs on a 2Mhz NXP ARM processors Supports run time debugging breakpoints variable inspection stepping etc Uses Visual Studio 2008 C Express Edition for development Advanced capabilities like FAT USB device and USB host Easily upgrades to hardware such as Embedded Master Open source hardware design files Use existing shields and holder boards Based on the USBizi chipset ideal for commercial use FEZ Mini pin out compatible with BS2 FEZ Domino pin out compatible with Arduino When using FEZ the possibilities are endless There is a numerous amount o
24. l to check this file to make sure the source XML file is correct Finally and most importantly is the firmware The firmware is generated in two forms raw binary image and s record file The s record file contains information on where the data should go in memory Ideally you will take the s record file and use a chip programmer to place the firmware on the processor and then the processor will simply run it So you will always use the s record file which is in tinyclr nex folder If you look in this folder you will see three files All these file makeup the firmware but they are divided into separate regions In the port we will be making in this book will only use one region A good use of the raw binary file is to determine how much flash is the firmware using Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 25 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwarey 10 FEZ Hacker Firmware If you are using the DIY FEZ Hacker board then you are using the SAM _EK port All you need to do is compile it an load it which should be simple Start by compiling the port as we did in last chapter We compiled TinyCLR in last chapter but we also want to compile TinyBooter for this port GHI didn t use TinyBooter on its low end NETMF devices to save on memory but this SAM port uses TinyBooter 10 1 Building Steps Build TinyBooterDecompressor MSBUILD TinyBooterDecompressor proj t build p flavor release memory flash If th
25. nkParndaLlED hex Modified Monday August 30 2010 11 09 42 AM more info Step 4 Options Step 5 Start Verity after programming Fill unused Flash Gen Block checksums Execube Technical on line articles about 8057 and 4 programming WIM ezacademy com tagi docs q If loading failed click reset on FEZ Panda and try again Once loading complete reset the FEZ Panda and the LED should be blinking Note that the LED is blinking using a simple compiled C program not using NETMF We erased NETMF in the previous step We are now ready to compile NETMF and load on FEZ Panda excited yet Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 37 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Solution Wizar 12 Solution Wizard The NETMF porting kit ships with a tool called Solution Wizard that can be used to add or remove components for your NETMF porting solution The solution wizard is perfect for cloning a solutions If this is your first port you do not want to start from scratch Instead clone one of the ports and then start modifying it FEZ Panda uses LPC2387 processor and there is no such port it the porting kit On the other hand the porting kit includes LPC2478 which has almost the same peripherals First make sure you can compile the LPC2478 solution as explained earlier in this book Next clone the solution AB NET Micro Framework Solution Wizard Choose a Task Select how to start configuring your
26. oFrameworkPK_v4_1 BuildQutput THUMB GCC4 2 le Ga Send File Receive File Name Gar Receive File Address 0x1 00000 Size For Receive File 0x1 000 byte s Compare sent file with memory T Execute Scripts Boot from Flash G PNYM 2 loading history file 2 events added SAM BA CDC console display active Tcl8 4 13 Tk8 4 13 SAM BA v2 10 3 SAM BA v2 10 3 com4 Board at9lsam x512 ek Now that TinyBooter is loaded we can run the script Boot from Flash hit Execute Scripts Boot from Flash GPA YM 2 Execute When done close SAM BA and reset the board This time windows will see the device as a NETMEF device and will start looking for drivers Windows will fail to locate drivers at the end since you do not have drivers just yet Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 30 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwareg KY Network adapters a p Other devices half Micro Framework AT9LSAM7X gt My Portable Devices a Y Ports COM amp LPT LSP Prolific USB to Serial Comm Port COM52 Ba Processors GHI has its own USB VID Vendor ID and that what it uses for its devices The SAM port you built uses some random VID but it is not GHI s To make the GHI drivers work you have 2 options Either change the VID in source codes to the GHI s VID or change the VID in the GHI USB drivers to match what is used in the
27. ork NETMF The users are expected to have good knowledge in C C and command line compilation have used my personal free time if that is ever available to make this book Expect a lot of typos and grammar errors but please report them on the forum so can enhance this book 2 2 Translating the Book This a book given to the community in an efforts to make NETMF easier to port If you think you can translate the book to other languages then we would love see your contribution This option will be available after the book is completed Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 4 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Introductiong 3 Introduction Microsoft offers a technology that in my opinion is the best thing that have ever happened to the embedded system world This technology is called NET Micro Framework NETMF for short NETMF is not an OS and at the same time is not an application NETMF is a system that sits in between your high level C code and low level C C Assembly At the end programmers can develop and debug code ease through C Visual Basic in future and Visual Studio All the amazing features available in Visual Studio are now available to you on a very small systems For programing libraries NETMF offers a subset of the full NET Framework Any existing knowledge with NET can be leveraged to any system running NETMF Developers that do not have experience with NET can still take advanta
28. s stage we will load a hex file that blinks an LED This will test out that Flash Magic and the NXP boot loader is working as expected Remember how said you need UART The NXP loader only works on UART Loading hex files on NXP chips is easy but can be tricky so please follow these steps We will start by connecting Teralerm at 9600 baud not 115200 Then enter without quotes FEZ Panda should return Synchronized as shown in image below image Now download the LED blink application from Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 36 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Hardware Sctupy http www tinyclr com downloads Porting BlinkPandaLED hex We will use Flash Magic to load this file Make sure you configure the tool as showing in the image below the baud rate must be 5 600 The COM port number is whatever is the COM port you are using to communicate with FEZ Panda File ISP Options Tools Help laHiQee vE gt e 5 08 Step 1 Communications Step 2 Erase LPL235 Erase block 0 OxQ00000 0x000F FF Erase block 7 0 0017000 0001 FFF LUM Port COM 42 Erase block 2 0x002000 0 002F FF l Erase block 3 0x003000 04003FFF Baud Rate 57600 7 Erase block 4 0004000 0 004FFF Interface None ISP w Erase block 5 O00S000 Ox005FFF Erase all Flash Code Ad Frot Oscillator MHz 12 Erase blocks used by Hex File Step 3 Hey File Hex File C Users Gus lesa Desktop Bli
29. so an option usually see this about once a week How do run NETMF on my PIC or AVR or l want to run NETMF dsPIC32 If you are a beginner here is a simple answer you can but it is not going to be easy to use anything beside what is officially supported in the NETMEF porting kit and only ARM for first time porters But wait there is a more complicated answer will try to explain it in details since this is a common subject and sometimes users look down on NETMEF not knowing the power of this free product First of all NETMF is not a simple library This is not the 10 source code files that most microcontroller users are usually used to build TCP IP FAT etc This is a very large system with thousands or probably millions of lines of code Not every processor is capable of handling such load Do not expect to find a main function to learn NETMF have seen developers ask this actually Where is main function or main execution loop Now if your processor is not 32 bit then you may want to forget about NETMF Even if it worked it would be too slow The good news is that most processor manufactures are moving in 32 bit direction why not always say Assuming you have a 32 bit processor such as AVR32 or dsPIC32 then in theory it is possible to port NETMF build system to your processor s compiler and it is possible to port the HAL layer to your processor While this is possible will say do not try this unless you
30. ssorsia 10 6 7010 HA7 AM SiG File al Music ball a TinyBooterDecompressor hex Date modified 10 6 2010 47 AM Date created 10 6 2010 9 47 AM HEX File Size 294 KB You are now ready to load the firmware Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 27 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwarey 10 2 SAM BA SAM BA is a free software from Atmel that is used to load firmware on Atmel ARM chips using USB Download and install SAM BA from http www atmel com dyn resources prod_documents sam ba_2 10 exe If the link didn t work then search Atmel website for SAM BA Note If you are not sure if your chip is erased short the Erase jumper and power the board for 1 second then disconnect power and remove the jumper Now plug in your FEZ Hacker to the PC windows will ask for drivers Windows will probably see it as GPS Camera Detect Do not worry about the name and take a note of the com port number mine is COM57 b a Network adapters gt E Portable Devices a Y Ports COM amp LPT A GPS Camera Detect COM57 y B Processors gt RAL Debug Interfaces gt i Sound video and game controllers lf windows was not able to locate the drivers on its own direct windows to ChipworkX loader drivers in the GHI SDK found at C Program Files x86 GHI Electronics GH NETMF v4 1 SDK ChipworkX Firmware TinyBooter Updater USB Tinybooter Updater driver Loading the dri
31. t Level We saw how we easily copied schematics to create our own Arduino compatible NETMF board Now what about making it even better For example take the Ethernet shield design and merge that right into your board You will end up with on board Ethernet ADH i prena qs TET A H ja ANAN B 105 R28 inh You can find the complete design files at http www tinyclr com downloads FEZ 20Hacker FEZ 20Hacker 20Ethernet 201 0 Zi So why did use WlZnet W5100 instead of using the NETMF built in LWIP stack Simply if you use LWIP you will end up with very little resources or no resources that the system become unusable If you want to use LWIP then you need a lot more RAM FLASH than a single chip has internally And if you were able to fit it all you will end up with limited networking even more limited that what WlZnet W5100 gives you Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 19 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Software Setup 8 Software Setup Before we do anything we want to make sure our system can compile one of the example ports with no modifications In the following steps we will install all the needed software and compile one of the built in ports will assume the users own no software so we will use free software throughout the book after all NETMF is free 8 1 Visual Studio Express You will need C and C so install both Here is where you can find the downloads http www microsof
32. t com express Once Visual Studio is installed try to make a simple windows application compile and debug etc We basically need to make sure all is good before we move on to the next step 8 2 Microsoft NETMF SDK The next step is to install the Microsoft NETMF SDK not the porting kit just yet At the time this book was made the latest version was NETMF 4 1 The download is available at this link 551 6384DA3A0 amp disp laylang en When done installing run a Hello World application using the emulator If not sure how use this book http www tinyclr com downloads Beginners 20quide 20to 20NE TMF pdf 8 3 GHI NETMF SDK This is an optional download if you want to try your GHl device exclusive features All downloads you need are on this page hitp www tinyclr com dl 8 4 Microsoft NETMF Porting Kit This Porting Kit includes all NETMF amazing source codes At the time this book was made the latest version was NETMF 4 1 The download is available at this link http Awww microsoft com downloads details asox FamilyiID ccdd5eac 04b1 4ecb bad9 3ac 8fb0452b amp displaylang en Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 20 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework Software Setup 8 5 GNU GCC Compiler Fortunately the NETMF team added support to free GCC compiler This is ideal for free use but produces larger firmware size than other commercial compilers RVDS for example Knowing that the ARM RVDS tools are
33. t complex you can create your own NETMF device very easily and almost for free you still need to buy the raw components Just use one of the processors in the porting kit wanted to test this myself so started from scratch just to see how long it would take to create my own device software and hardware was actually able to do it in one weekend while watching TV These are the steps took to create this device which call FEZ Hacker Find a suitable Processor Board want to make a simple device no external memories Currently the simplest option is SAM7_EK which is a port for AT91SAM7X EK Evaluation Board from Atmel Here is the User Guide Which also includes full schematics http www tinyclr com downloads FEZ 20Hacker AT91SAM 7X EK pdf Select a PCB Design Software only need to copy the schematics to create my own board will be using the free version of EAGLE found at http Awww cadsoft de for schematic capture and PCB layout Finding Component Packages Do not reinvent the wheel If you look enough you will find packages for everything you need to create this board FEZ Hacker For example the main component which is the processor is already made by someone and it is found at EAGLE website Just click on Libraries on this page http www cadsoft de download htm All other components like resistors and capacitors ship with EAGLE Do not worry about finding all that am giving you the design files
34. taProcessor pdb 8 17 2010 14 36 PM Program l Recent Place 2 MFDeploy chm B 17 2010 12 47 PM Compile E8 MFDeploy exe 8 17 2010 12 30 PM Applicati ee Libraries E MFDeploy exe contig 3 4 2010 10 23 AM XML Cor B Documents MFDeploy pdb 8 17 2010 14 30 PM Program al Music ball m j t ype MFDeploy exe Date modified 8 17 2010 12 30 PM A Wam Application Size 136 KB ATSISAM _EK_ave Dea2 Click Ping and the device should respond Pinging TinyBooter Bootloader build info Microsoft Copyright C Microsoft Corporation All rig Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 32 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwareg We are almost done just build TinyCLR and load it using MFDeploy The build step is simple but first we have to make a little modification Locate C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 Solutions SAM 7X_EK TinyCLR folder and open TinyCLR pro This is an XML file so you can open it with Visual Studio just drag and drop it in it Now find this line and delete it lt MultipleOutputSections Condition MEMORY FLASH gt true lt MultipleOutputSections gt Save and close TinyCLR proj file Finally access TinyCLR folder and run C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 Solutions SAM 7X_EK gt MSBUILD t build p flavor release memory flash You may have some warning at the end but need to make sure that we have no errors ee Administrator MF Release GCC4 2 C MicroFramework
35. ver will create a new virtual serial port on windows You can now start SAM BA and select the appropriate board and COM port Note that running SAM BA can take minutes thanks Atmel Another problem is that this software doesn t seem to work with high COM port numbers so we need to change our COM port number to something lower than 9 You can use any COM as long as it is not used already do not have any under 9 in my list so will just use COM4 You can change the COM number as follows a tF Ports COM amp LPT ff GPS Can mT E A Prolific U Update Driver Software gt a Processors Disable gt 7 RAL Debug I Uninstall gt i Sound vides s Storage cont Scan for hardware changes i ok ar 5 JE System devi Properties Universal Set Right click the device and select Properties then from the Port Settings click Advanced Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 28 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework FEZ Hacker Firmwarey a GPS CEA Detect COM57 P porii Port Settings Diver Details Bits per second Paty How control Although windows telling me it is in use know it is not connected right now so will go ahead and use COM4 Click OK and then disconnect and reconnect your FEZ Hacker board My port is now COM4 b W Portable Devices a Y Ports COM amp LPT BY GPS Camera Detect COMA Prolific USB to Serial Comm Port COMS5
36. w apress com book view 9781430223870 e USB complete is an excellent book on USB http www lvr com usbc htm e Wikipedia is my favorite place for information about everything http en wikipedia org wiki NET_Micro_Framework e NET Micro Framework main page on Microsoft s website http www microsoft com netmf 19 2 Disclaimer This is a free book only if you download it directly from GHI Electronics Use it for your own knowledge and at your own risk Neither the writer nor GHI Electronics is responsible for any damage or loss caused by this free eBook or by any information supplied by it There is no guarantee any information in this book is valid The book reflect my personal knowledge and personal opinion and is not related to GHI views USBizi Embedded Master EMX ChipworkX RLP and FEZ are trademarks of GHI Electronics LLC Visual Studio and NET Micro Framework are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 47 47
37. ware This firmware has a lot of exclusive features not found any any NETMF device GHI does all the maintenance testing and upgrades free of any charge The firmware also ship with a superior support and is maintained to have commercial quality Now if you select to compile your own NETMEF firmware this book will get you started but note that while the GHI staff is very helpful GHI is not required to provide free porting support You are free to use the GHI forums to ask questions You may also use the forums at http www netmf com 11 2 Adding RS232 When porting NETMF it is essential to use the most basic form of deployment Since the options are UART USB and Ethernet it is obvious that UART is the choice Since PC s serial ports are RS232 levels and the UART is TTL level a little circuitry is required to shift the voltage levels from TTL to RS232 The easiest way to do this is by adding the RS232 shield on FEZ Panda Another option is to use the the FTDI TTL cables will be using the shield in my testing 11 3 Using FEZ Panda Before trying to port you may want to get yourself familiar with FEZ Panda through the USBizi firmware that it ships with For example make sure that your RS232 connection is well established Maybe ground the MODE pin and try to deploy over RS232 COM and make sure you can blink the on board LED You can use my other book to learn more about using NETMF Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics L
38. y requirements much less so it is a good trade off for most applications Start by opening the command prompt then access the PK folder Administrator Command Promp _ z l Microsoft Windows Uerzion 6 1 76 We now set the environment to our compiler If you are using one the supported compiler then this is one command if you want to make this for your own compiler then expect long weeks of debugging Note that there is no documentation anywhere on how this is done This is how the environment is set setenv_gcc cmd c gcc Note that am assuming you did install the GCC compiler at c gcc as suggested Copyright 2010 GHI Electronics LLC Page 22 47 Beginners guide to C and NET Micro Framework The PK Build System EA Administrator MF Release GCC4 2 C MicroFrameworkPK v4 1 The next step is to build the iMXS solution to make sure our system is all set At this point you still haven t made any modifications to any file in the porting kit This is important to track down any possible errors in the system setup Access the C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 Solutions iMXS TinyCLR folder and run this command MSBUILD EXE t build p flavor release memory flash te Administrator MF Release GCC4 2 C MicroFrameworkPK_v4_1 You should see a lot of things happening in the prompt window and then you will have no errors at the end This can take a while the first time you run this build fe Administrator MF Rele
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