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1. Popup menu It is a menu called by a right click and which opens at the location of the mouse pointer and displays options copy for example Select an option by clicking it or click outside the menu to close it wona TUFF World 12 664 13 Wor 257 98 Wor Cy ree 2 066 17 Wola 16 037 95 World 51 638 87 World 8 330 98 Radio buttons Radio buttons force you to make an exclusive choice from a list Radio buttons look like small circles or round buttons They are turned off and on by clicking them with the mouse Only one in a series of radio buttons can be set to ON at one time Example of radio buttons m Use Data At Tariff Line Level HS 6 Digit Level In this example either Tariff Line Level or HS 6 Digit Level could be selected by clicking the corresponding radio button HS 6 Digit Level is currently selected and would be automatically deselected when clicking the other option WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Scroll Bars Scroll bars are used to navigate up and down vertical scroll bar and left and right horizontal scroll bar within a window or box By scrolling you actually move the viewable area of information in order to make a different portion visible A window with scroll bars OE 15 Animal veg fats amp oils amp their cleavage products cls 16 Prep of meat fish or crustaceans molluscs etc O16 17 Sugars and sugar confectionery 1S 18 Cocoa an
2. Building multiple output tables By default all data are gathered in a single table You may prefer to have one separate table for say each selected year and reporter The Query View Designer also proposes this type of customization To build multiple output tables 1 Open the Query View Designer 2 In the list we used previously identify the field you want to use as a table Heading In our example it will be Year and Reporter 3 For the chosen field uncheck the corresponding Column box and check the Heading Box 4 Repeat steps 2 and 3 for any field you want to display as a heading Click on OK to confirm all changes and view results In our example it illustrates as following e Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited Yea Repote ooo Patner m g lt r Iv lt a lt I lt I The output window is modified WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data WITS View Custom Query Results R BRA v Product Name Flow Name Trade Value 000 Total Trade Pharmaceutical products Total Trade Edible offal of bovine animals swi Meat and edible offal of the poult Pig fat free of lean meat and pou Meat and edible meat offal sated Pharmaceutical products Total Trade Edible offal of bovine animals swi Meat and edible offal of the poult Pig fat free of lean meat and pou Meat and edible meat offal sated P
3. 0 1 5 0 2087 24 45 5 1 10 0 1929 22 67 10 1 15 0 850 10 77 15 1 35 0 1349 16 93 1349 Over 35 642 100 Trade profiles show a distribution of imports according to duty ranges in a similar manner Division Second level sub category 2 digit used in the SITC nomenclature WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Doha Round Current 9 round of WTO negotiations Domestic Content See Content Dumping A form of price discrimination by which the export price of the product exported from one country to another is less than the comparable price in the ordinary course of trade that is including transport and related costs for the like product when destined for consumption in the exporting country GATT Art VI Also defined as sales below the estimated cost of production The margin of dumping is the difference between the two prices Duty drawback Scheme A duty drawback scheme often administratively demanding is a form of Border Tax Adjustment whereby the duties or taxes levied on imported goods are refunded in whole or in part when the goods are re exported The idea is to reduce the burden on exporters while maintaining tariffs for revenue or protective purposes EBA See Everything But Arms Effective Rate of Protection A measure of the protection afforded by an import restriction calculated as a percentage of the value added in the product concerned Takes into account t
4. In our example we defined the following query as illustrated by the screenshot below Reporters is a mix of individual countries Brazil Turkey and USA and a group of countries NAFTA Products we mixed products from two nomenclatures WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data o HS 1996 Total trade Chapter 30 and a custom range 0205 0210 are included o SITC 3 the Food aggregate Partners we selected World meaning all trading partners as a group Australia and the Mercosur group of countries Years 2004 2002 and 2000 Trade Flow Imports E Query Data Selections for CMT amp Reporters Markets E Turkey TUR E United States USA E Brazil BRA E Nafta NAFTA Products HS 1996 E Total trade E 30 Pharmaceutical products B My First Range 0205 0210 amp SITC Revision 3 E Food SITC 0 1 22 4 Partner Countries B World WLD E Australia AUS EB Mercosur merco group Mercosur Years E 2004 E 2002 E 2000 Trade Flow E Imports Saving the Query Before you can submit your query you must save it To save you query 1 Click the Save button located at the top of the Advanced Query panel Save In the Save Query window enter a name and a description If you had entered a name and a description in the General panel when starting your query definition you can keep the same name or enter a new one 4 Final
5. amp Products HS 1996 E Total trade GB 30 Pharmaceutical products EB My First Range 0205 0210 SITC Revision 3 E Food SITC 0 1 22 4 Partner Countries B World WLD B Australia AUS E Mercosur merco group Mercosur amp Years B 2004 E 2002 E 2000 Trade Flow E Imports Reporters is a mix of individual countries Brazil Turkey and USA and a group of countries NAFTA Products we mixed products from two nomenclatures o HS 1996 Total trade Chapter 30 and a custom range 0205 0210 are included o SITC 3 the Food aggregate Partners we selected World meaning all trading partners as a group Australia and the Mercosur group of countries Years 2004 2002 and 2000 Trade Flow Imports Saving the Query Before you can submit your query you must save it To save you query 1 Click the Save button located at the top of the Advanced Query panel Save WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data In the Save Query window enter a name and a description If you had entered a name and a description in the General panel when starting your query definition you can keep the same name or enter a new one 4 Finally click on OK In the next topic you will learn how to submit your COMTRADE Advanced Query B9c Advanced Query Submission Once you define and save your query you can submit your job To submit an advanced q
6. 0 USA USAPR USVI 2 562 246 NA 3 02 USA USAPR USVI 180 857 687 NA 103 USA USA PR USVI 243 153 37 NA 04 USA USAPR USVI 41 193 073 NA 05 USA USAPR USVI 65 524 379 NA 06 USA USAPR USVI 2 034 835 NA o USA USAPR USVI 15 622 816 NA 08 USA USA PR USVI 39 377 615 NA 09 USA USAPR USVI 3 433 868 NA 10 USA USA PR USVI 648 537 675 NA n USA USA PR USVI 2 894 545 NA n2 USA USA PR USVI 3 392 187 033 NA 13 USA USAPR USVI 14 910 102 NA a 8 oe WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data The table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Product Code is the code based on your selected product nomenclature and tier Description provides the description for each product code Partner ISO3 is the ISO3 alphabetic country code used for the partner country Partner Name is the trading partner country s name Trade Value reported in thousands of US dollars current dollars fob for exports cif for imports Quantity is the quantity volume of traded goods Quantities are not available for high levels of aggregation because different quantity units can t be aggregated For example you will find quantities if reported by the reporter country for products based on HS 4 and 6 digit codes but not for 2 digit codes Similarly you will find quantities for product codes based on SITC 3 4 and 5 digits and not for 1 and 2 digit product codes Short Name is the unit of quantit
7. Trade Policy Measures in WITS Choose one or all methods in Estimation method However retrieving AVEs based on both methods in one query is not recommended since the output will be a table that is very large and difficult to manage Select Data Type Tat ANd Ega Ory Repote Canada l Yow o x Duty Code MFN ate Eaten oE Method Venosa F Show Product Desc Pa ODIO ONG NG Finally click on View Data to retrieve results Understanding Output Data Ad Valorem Equivalent Tariffs Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server which returns results in the table as demonstrated below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Select Data Type Tarts ANa Eg Ory Reporter Canada A mn gt DuiyCodo am O E TAD Ned 2001 01051121 000 World 183 002 MFN rate 0 86 each 2001 01051122 000 World 233 002 MFN rate 228 but not less than 30 9 each 2001 105210000 Wodi 525 002 MFN rate 28g 2001 01058231000 Wold 1 89 xe MFN rate 1 Mig 2001 010882320 Woon 238 a2 MEN rate 238 bus nek less than 1 26 ig 2001 0059310 000 Wools 627 me MFN rate 2e ng 2m 01053331 000 wodd 1 71 2 MFN vate Lg 2001 0059392 000 wodd 238 2 MFN rate 238 te nok less than 1 25 k9 2001 01059911 000 World 1 67 O02 MFN rate Laiko 200 61053312 000 Word 1545 002 MFN rate 1545 but not less than 1 60 kg 2001 02071931 000 World 443 O02 MFN rate 5 but not tess than 4 74i kg ot mere than 3 48 Ang 2001 020711
8. Australia 2000 Canada 2000 2001 European Union 2000 2001 Japan 2000 2001 Norway 2001 Switzerland 2000 2001 United States 2001 These AVEs are included in the tariff schedules when you view an entire tariff schedule using Quick Query and they can be included when Advanced Query computes average tariff rates AVEs are calculated using two methods UNCTAD 1 a three step method for estimating unit values 1 from tariff line import statistics of the market country available in TRAINS then if 1 is not available 2 from the HS 6 digit import statistics of the market country from COMTRADE then if 1 and 2 are not available 3 from the HS 6 digit import statistics of all OECD countries Once a unit value is estimated then it is used for all types of rates MFN preferential rates etc UNCTAD 2 Step 3 of the above This produces unique unit value for each product common to all importing countries and all types of rates It also preserves the margin of preference in the preferential rates Non Tariff Measures Import tariffs are not the only policy measures affecting international commodity trade Over the course of the past century governments have expanded regulatory controls over economic activity often in pursuit of social public health environmental or other non economic policy objectives As countries increasingly reduce tariff rates these non tariff measures can become more im
9. E Check Change Data Applicability DER Market reporter DEEE Albania OK Algeria Angola 2005 Antigua and Barbuda Cancel Adjust NA Note that you can also change the year even if the one initially selected in the query is available Algeria for example Once adjustments are made click OK to confirm and close the window Automatic year adjustment Instead of manually adjusting years as seen above you can let WITS making the selection for you This is especially convenient when dealing with many reporters Click on the Adjust NA button to open the Adjust NA Values window E Adjust NA Values Replace NA with a year that has data Use the nearest year earlier year wins ties C Use the nearest year later year wins ties Choose from earlier years only C Choose from later years only No more than 2 years from the NA year Cancel OK This window proposes alternative rules for replacing non available years Use the nearest year earlier year wins ties selects the closest year with preference for an earlier year For example if 2003 is selected and missing but 2004 and 2002 are available WITS will take 2002 which is as close to 2003 as 2004 but earlier than 2003 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Use the nearest year later year wins ties selects the closest year with preference for a later year For example if 2003 is selected an
10. Partner is the name of the alphabetic name of the trading partner Partner_ISO_N is the 3 digit numeric code of the trading partner TradeValue is the value of trade in 1 000 US QuantityUnit1 is the numeric quantity code WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Quantity1 is the value of quantity TCMCode stands for Trade control measure This is market access related information which will be explained in the module on protection information DutyRate is the effectively applied tariff This is market access related information which will be explained in the module on protection information Sorting Data You can sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of Trade Value once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest trade value to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings In the screen below the data is sorted in descending order based on trade values Year ProductCade TradeFlow Partner Partner ISON TradeValue QuanttyUntl Quantity TCMCode DujpRate 2003 27090080 1 m2 ES 162 17202324 2003 27111100 Algeria 012 3014545 275 2003 27090010 1516442 168 2003 27112100 Agony 952005 275 2003 27101111 Alga E059 168 2003 27111234 S4719 168 2003 27101941 331
11. WITS World Integrated Trade Solution User Manual Volume 1 Data Retrieval in WITS Version 0 9 September 2006 THE WORLD BANK Authors Azita Amjadi Information Officer DEC Data Group Olivier Jammes WITS Project Coordinator DEC Data Group Philip Schuler Senior Economist PREM Trade For feedback please send emails to Olivier Jammes ojammes worldbank org or go to WITS online discussion forum at http wits worldbank org witsweb Forum default aspx For updates and an electronic version of this document please go to http wits worldbank org witsweb forum f 18 WITS Help on Data Retrieval Table of Contents INtrOCuction u cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeaseseeeseeeeeseeseeeesseeeeeseenages 8 How to use thistmanuial aici aaeain vee Ea VAA E AAEE APIA EINA AILE VATE a KENA cess 8 Typographical CONVENTIONS ccicec eee EERE Enns 8 A1 Module Overview and Objectives ccsccceseeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeueeeeueeeaeeeeanae 10 A2 What iS WITS cccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaeeeeaseeeaeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeneanae 10 WITS IS SOTEWANE sireisas Ee AOO caaedaa EEATT SAOR ieee 10 WITS is client server based i a ha aa aaaea ea aae a leper eI aAA TAa EE AELIAN E 11 Aa EN E AE cael doesn E E fenteerwagy tease del tere de 11 Getting access to WITS oenen anara a a deed ees tilde eek eae dive ieee es 11 A3 Exploring WITS WorkSpace ccccccscseeseeeeeen
12. WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics example above shows GTAP cereal sector 03 concordance with various chapter 10 product categories Concordance Table Content Description Column 1 destination nomenclature product codes GP code in our example Column 2 source nomenclature product codes HO code in our example Column 3 destination nomenclature product label GP Product Name in our example Column 4 source nomenclature product label HO Product Name in our example Multiplier always return a value of 1 indicating that the source product is fully allocated to a unique destination product no product split during the conversion process Sorting a concordance table You can sort a concordance table based on any column s content by clicking on the column s label This is a very useful feature for sorting the table by source nomenclature product codes instead of destination ones by default Saving a concordance table Any concordance table can be saved as an Excel file by clicking on the Save button WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data B WORKING WITH TRADE DATA WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data B1 Working with Trade Data Review and Objectives The objective of this course module is to learn how to retrieve and analyze trade data from the three following databases within WITS The United Nations COMTRADE The United Nations Conference
13. includes any additional information Working with Output Tables The following features can be used with all types of data tariffs AVEs or NTM Sorting Data You can sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of AdValorem once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest ad valorem tariff to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings In the screen below the data is sorted in descending order based on Ad Valorem tariff value WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data BRFSFSSSSRSRSSRSSRES SESRBRESESESSSSEESES RRKKR KKK RKKRRKEBB BESERRERERERERRRR Displaying Product Description Product codes are not self explanatory You can put a checkmark in Show product descriptions box to see product descriptions A Description column is added next to the Product Code column Uncheck Show product descriptions box to remove the column if necessary Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy pas
14. m Nomenclature Select product by The selected aggregate is displayed in the Products folder E Query Data Selections for CMT amp Reporters Markets E Brazil BRA EB Turkey TUR E United States USA l AE d Products s HS 1996 B WTO H1 Industrial S Partner Countries Years Trade Flow Selecting product by search Select Product By Search allows you to do a text search and find all products in which a specific string appears Selecting this option will display a new screen as shown below You can perform a search in all existing nomenclatures by using the default ALL located within the Nomenclature box or you can choose any of the existing nomenclatures from the list box We will do a search on all existing nomenclatures and find all items in which the word Textile appears Type Textile in the Search Text box and click on Search button The system finds total number of 680 products Now you can use the scrollbar to view all the products and place a checkmark in check boxes to the left of each product Finally click on OK The selected products from the search panel will be added to the Products dimension WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data C Index Table seht p aall a ch Result Number of Matching Product Description Number of Selected Product s ee oan Bs Ti i prep for the treatment of textile mat Lubricating
15. A dropdown list displays a current setting HS 1988 92 in the example below The list may propose a predefined default value or you may be asked to choose in the listed items Only one element can be selected from a drop down list Dropdown list with default value Dropdown list without default value HS 1988 92 7 Choose You select any of the listed values by clicking the down arrow on the right of the box Opening the drop down list HS 1988 92 HS 1988 92 SITC Revision 1 SITC Revision 2 SITC Revision 3 Depending on the length of the list a vertical scroll bar may appear on the right of the list in order to navigate up and down through the list of items Opened dropdown list with a vertical scroll bar Albania bd For further information on scroll bars and how to use them please see the section on scroll bars Clicking an element in the list selects it and closes the drop down list WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Pointing HS2002 in the list and clicking Hs 1988 92 7 HS 1988 92 HS 1996 HS 2002 SITC Revision 1 SITC Revision 2 SITC Revision 3 HS2002 is the selected element Hs 2002 Expand Contract Button This interface element is used in WITS in some tables It allows displaying or hiding detailed information in a table When a table uses this feature it opens by default in contracted mode with detailed information hidden 1 ReporterName Re
16. Basics Summary data coverage by database Data Type Since Countries Details UNSD COMTRADE Imports Exports Re Exports 1962 274 HS 6 digit Imports 1988 70 NTL UNCTAD TRAINS Tariffs 1988 157 NTL Non Tariff Barriers 1992 95 NTL Imports 1996 77 NTL WTO IDB Tariffs 1996 106 NTL WTO CTS Final Bound tariffs 1995 127 NTL missing NTL imports are completed with HS 6 digit level imports from COMTRADE A5 Understanding and Exploring Nomenclatures All queries in WITS are based on the nomenclature or classification principle which is therefore crucial when working with WITS Nomenclatures in WITS are standard internationally recognized classifications used for trade tariff and industry and national income accounts purposes These classifications are used by countries and international organizations to standardize the content format and structure of outputs and make them comparable across countries Nomenclatures are revised with time in order to take into account changes in international trade For example the Harmonized System HS nomenclature has been introduced in 1988 and has been through two major revisions since then Each version corresponds to an extension overall but some product categories have also been deleted or aggregated with others during the revision process Example HS versions and respective number of products Version Starting Year of products 0 1988 5018 1 1996 5113 2 2002 5224 WITS
17. Column allows you to choose whether a column should be included or not in the output table Long Names contains each column s name To add or remove a column 1 If necessary use the vertical scrollbar to display the column for which you want to change the status 2 To include a column check the Column facing box To remove it from the output table uncheck the box 3 Repeat steps 1 and 2 to complete you selection 4 Click on OK to validate changes and close the Query View Designer In the example below Native Nomen Reporter Name and Partner Name are removed from the table Long Names Can be Edited Iv Selected Nomen F E r Native Nomen E Iv Reporter E E Reporter Name B Iv Partner a a Partner Name E Mo TaittYer O If you scroll down the list you will find columns which are unchecked They are not included in the output report by default You can add any of these optional fields by checking the corresponding Column box Additional Indicators Wght Code is the code of the partner which trade is used for calculating weighted statistics Data Source is the tariff data source TRN or WTO Simple Tariff Line Average is the simple average tariff calculated based on tariff line level tariff values Simple Average and Simple Tariff Line Average will generally differ when several 6 digit products are aggregated as illustrated in the table below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Workin
18. If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name The next topic presents an alternative way of querying COMTRADE which is product category centered and allows for selecting several years reporters and partners WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data B4 Quick Database Query COMTRADE by Product COMTRADE by Product allows you to query COMTRADE database and to access trade values and quantities for one product or product category at a time but for one or multiple years reporters and partner countries This query module is specially helpful if you want to identify a country s major trading partners importers or exporters for a specific product category Opening COMTRADE by Product To open COMTRADE by Country Period 1 Click on Quick Database Query tab 2 Click on COMTRADE by Product Quick Database Query Analptical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Country Period n TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TR
19. Tariff See Customs Duty Tariff Base Used within the WTO negotiations Concept used within the tariff reduction process The tariff base once cut using a tariff reduction formula becomes the new Bound tariff structure Tariff Base Definition Used within the WTO negotiations It defines how to build the tariff base before applying the tariff reduction formula Tariff Binding In GATT context commitment by countries not to raise particular tariff items above a specific or bound level Also referred to as ceiling bindings The so called schedule of tariff concessions of each WTO member is annexed to its Protocol of Accession See also Ceiling Binding Tariff Equivalent Measure of the protective effect of an NTB the tariff that would have the exact same effect on imports as the NTB Tariff Escalation Occurs if the tariff increases as a good becomes more processed Escalation discourages imports of more processed varieties of the good discouraging foreign WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes processing activity and offers domestic processors positive levels of effective protection For example low duties on tomatoes higher duties on tomato paste and yet higher duties on tomato ketchup Tariffication Conversion of border measures other than ordinary customs duties to tariff equivalents of non tariff measures As part of the Uruguay Round Market Access for agricultural products all non tariff border measures were
20. User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics In the COMTRADE database data are recorded using several nomenclatures and versions depending on the country period SITC since 1962 HS since 1988 Note that some countries may be still using SITC to report trade information to UNSD COMTRADE In TRAINS and IDB data are recorded using HS only Beside these two native used by countries for reporting nomenclatures WITS proposes other nomenclatures These are called derived nomenclatures We will see in Converting Data Between Nomenclatures page 29 how to use these derived nomenclatures but for now let s look at how a nomenclature looks Exploring nomenclatures All information on nomenclatures can be accessed from the Help and Information menu by choosing Available Classifications Help and Information COMTRADE Catalog TRAINS Catalog WTO IDB Catalog WTO CTS Catalog Available Classifications TRAINS Tariff Measures Ms TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries Available Product Concordances Help Wits Information Web Site About WITS The following panel is displayed Nomenclature SITC Revision 1 7 Total trade 0 Food and live animals 1 Beverages and tobacco 2 Crude materials inedible except fuels 3 Mineral fuels lubricants and related materials 4 Animal and vegetable oils and fats amp 5 Chemicals amp 6 Manufact goods classified chiefly by material 7 Machinery and transport equipment 8
21. j Gules Non T arit Barriers Imports onemnemnal The Tariff Schedules table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Measure gives the name of the paratariff schedule WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Code AdValorem NonAdValorem Affected QR Origin Other Partner Code returns the paratariff schedule s code returns the Ad Valorem paratariff if any returns the non Ad Valorem paratariff if any are countries not in the general list of beneficiaries which appear in the column Partner are for quantitative restrictions associated with the paratariff is for special rules of origin is for other footnotes such as detailed product descriptions if the preference does not affect all items in the tariff line etc list the countries affected by the paratariff corresponds to the list of partners 000 for World If affected countries are a group regional agreement for example the countries belonging to the group can be identified using another WITS tool see Using TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries page 195 Understanding Output Data Non Tariff Barriers To display non tariff measure information click on the Non Tariff Barriers tab Please note that this information is often old and only partially reported and should be used with caution ltem 1 of 27 Tanti Lines 01041010 Pure bred breeding animals rroguct
22. on it When you click a button WITS implement the corresponding task WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Example of buttons in WITS View data rA Check Boxes Check boxes are used to select an option A check box can be checked selected and unchecked deselected by clicking the mouse pointer in the box Example of check boxes J Include market reporter group breakdowns JV Include partner country group breakdowns In the example above the second option is selected Check boxes allow you to choose as many or as few options from a list as you wish Check boxes are also used in multi choice lists see below for example to select several years to be included in a query Column heading and resizing In a table the column heading is the column s top row containing the title for the information it contains To resize a column 1 Move the mouse pointer over the right boundary of the column to be resized France h Slovenia l HRY Croatia 0 0C SIT istia nar WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes 3 Release the mouse button when the column width fits your needs L Product Code PartnerISO3 Partner Name Trade Value 000 Quantit Total USA USA PRUSY 18 623 335 0 00 Total FRA France Monac 20 307 579 0 0C Total SVN Slovenia 26 832 852 0 00 Total HRV Croatia 28 515 885 0 00 Tatal SIT ustia an nzn R nnr Dropdown lists
23. wto IBD Market Costa Rica Jer 2004 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System Cote divose Tariff Schedules imports Please note that year availability varies from country market to country WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Tariff line selection is a two step process Selecting a tariff line is a two step process As a first step you select a Nomenclature and Tier in order to specify a Product category The product category to be selected is the one which the tariff line belongs to Indeed each country s national tariff line level structure is based on the HS nomenclature and all other listed nomenclatures are linked to HS using concordances Therefore once a nomenclature and a product category are selected WITS is able to retrieve the list of all national tariff lines belonging to the selection As a second step you select the desired tariff line from the list Click on the down arrow in the Nomenclature box and select your desired product classification Next select from the Tier box This option allows you to define which level of product categories you would like to select from Breakdown of Tier varies from nomenclature to nomenclature In case of HS you can select from Sub Heading 6 digit Heading 4 digit or Chapter 2 digit As shown below we selected HS 2002 in the Nomenclature box and Heading all 4 digit HS codes in the Tier box Data Source fwro
24. 03037813 1 Algona 012 15 168 35 European Unon 318 2003 03037338 1 Alis 012 5 168 1 European Urson 918 203 0353019 1 Algona 012 19 168 18 European Urson 9318 2003 03061310 1 Algom 012 1963 168 26 European Uron 318 2003 03061330 1 Alysa 012 s6 168 6 Ewopean Uron 918 2003 03061340 1 Aipa 012 1203 168 173 Ewopean Uron 318 2003 03061350 1 Algona 012 623 168 49 European Union 918 2003 03061380 3 Algens 02 4751 168 515 European Urson 318 2003 03061930 1 Algans 012 4 168 49 European Union 318 2003 0361990 1 Algena 012 152 168 19 Rowe ntuned S54 Save The table above displays imports of European Union from Algeria for the year 2003 For example EU imports value of 152 000 US from Algeria for product code 03061990 last line in the above table There are total of 954 lines of imports based on national tariff line level 8 digit classification as shown at the bottom of the table The result table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Reporter is the name of the reporting country Reporter_ISO_Name is the 3 digit numeric code for the reporting country Year is the year of the data Product Code is a national tariff line level nomenclature based on the harmonized system classification Trade Flow is the numeric code used in defining trade flows Since this option is only for imports the value in this column should always be equal to 1 Product Description is the description of the product code
25. 2002 nomenclature Extract amp Total trade amp 01 Live animals amp 0101 Live horses asses mules and hinnies EB 010110 Purebred breeding animals E 010190 Other 0102 Live bovine animals 0103 Live swine B 010310 Purebred breeding animals B 010391 Weighing less than 50 kg B 010392 Weighing 50 kg or more 0104 Live sheep and goats 0105 Live poultry that is to say fowls of the species Gallus 0106 Other live animals These two examples demonstrate the homogenous versus heterogeneous structure principle Indeed the HS nomenclature has a homogenous structure of product categories a Chapter level 2 digit category contains some Heading 4 digit categories which include Sub heading 6 digit categories The 6 digit categories do WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics no contain any further sub categories and are called the leaf level The SITC nomenclature is heterogeneous and you may find the leaves at various levels of the structure depending on the category For example 10 is a leaf category while 11 is not 110 is but 111 is not and so on Structure of the GTAP nomenclature Extract amp Total trade EB 01 PDR Paddy tice B 02 WHT Wheat EB 03 GRO Cereal grains n e c B 04 V_F Vegetables fruit nuts E 05 OSD Dil seeds 06 C_B Sugar cane sugar beet 07 PFB Plant based fibers 08 OCR Crops n e c 09 CTL Bovine cattle sheep and goats horses 10 OAP Animal products n e c 12 W
26. 5 0 000 n a Total 00 0 000 n a Total n Fe 5 413 0 000 n a 0 000 n a Total Ep ao Total om is ER 0 000 n a Total julgar fe Paste cr E n a 31 913 620 0 000 n a 8 In the menu left click Copy 9 Go to the destination software Excel in our example and use the Paste command Edit menu in most applications to get the following result WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes El Microsoft Excel Book2 i File Edit view Insert Format Tools Data DenSRY stee B13 z A Germany 105374 3748 China 65485 00003 Russian Fed 52669 41287 Ukraine 46645 02077 Untd Kingdom 45028 90311 Bulgaria 40925 11154 Database A collection of information stored in an organized fashion suitable for updating and viewing the information contained within frequently and easily WITS gives access to several databases through a common interface Double click Tapping the mouse left button twice in rapid succession Dragging Select an object with the mouse left button grab it and then move the mouse while keeping the button pressed down Release the button when the result fits your needs Dragging may be used in WITS for selecting multiple items in a list or resizing a column for example Mouse Pointer The mouse pointer is a graphical image displayed on the screen that indicates the location of the mouse The cursor changes its appearance to indicate the computer s current activ
27. 66 Live tree amp other plant bulb root cut flowers OS 07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers IS 08 Edible fruit and nuts peel of citrus fruit or me O 09 Coffee tea mati and spices FS 10 Cereals OE 11 Prod mill indust malt starches inulin wheat g OS 12 Oil seed oleagi fruits miscell grain seed fru IS 13 Lac gums resins amp other vegetable saps amp extrac OS 14 Vegetable plaiting materials vegetable products 1S 15 Animal veg fats amp oils amp their cleavage products OA 16 Prep of meat fish or crustaceans molluscs etc Products can be selected using through four modes of selection you choose from the product selection area titled Select product by Items Clusters Aggregates Search SELECTING PRODUCTS BY ITEM The selection by Items is the most common and basic way for selecting product categories You can pick product categories at various levels of details To make a selection by items select Items in Select product by WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Product categories are generally structured like a tree total trade all products being always the most aggregated category with several levels of sub categories attached to it A folder icon amp in front of a product category indicates it contains sub categories Click on the category name to expand the branch and display the subcategories HS Combined structure with chapter 01 expa
28. Choosing All products allows selecting from any level of WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities details our selection in this example Product group builder information Nomenclature Tier HS Combined fan products HS 2002 All products ISIC Revision 2 Section 1 digit ISIC Revision 3 Division 2 diqit MTN Categories Group 3 digit sic Sub Group 4 digit Subsidiary Heading Once Nomenclature and Tier are selected the Available Products list is filled accordingly r Product group builder information Nomenclature siTe Revision 1 Code knew group gt Range Reset Selected Products Tier Section 1 digit Low High Multiplier PIE Code Description a 2 Crude materials P 3 Mineral fuels lu F 4 Animal and vegeta F 5 Chemicals I 6 Manufact goods cl F 7 Machinery and tra M 8 Miscellaneous man vi 9 Commod transac 3 Build your group by adding excluding product categories as detailed below 4 Once your selection is completed click on the Save button give a Code short name and Name to your group of products Save Group Code Demat Cancel l Name ee is a demo group of products WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Adding a product Category To add a product category 1 Select the Tier 2 Place a checkmark next
29. Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table Saving is not available in this query module C7 Quick Database Query WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data option within Quick Database Query allows you to retrieve bound tariff schedules at the national tariff line level for one reporting country and one year For more information on bound tariffs see Background on Trade Policy Measures in WITS page 106 Opening WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data To open WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data 1 Click on Quick Database Query to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data entry WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw a WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digi AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII view and Export Raw Data aw Data The following screen will be displayed Defining a Query First select in Reporter the country for which you want to retrieve bound tariffs Note that only WTO country members are listed The Ye
30. Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Create Country Groups Create Product Groups A Define Tariff Change Define Optional Indices Define Advanced Tariff Change Decompress Import COMTRADE File WITS User Policy Restore Query from Server Both commands display the product group builder as a separate window if called from the Advanced Query panel or as a panel in WITS main window if called from the Utilities menu The Product group builder will open This is where you form and manage your product groups aggregates Product group builder information Nomenclature Tier HS Combined v an products v Code Name knew group gt v Please make your selections now Range Reset Selected Products Available Products Low High Multiplier i 1 Code Description Total Total El F 01 Live animals 0101 Live horses asse F 010110 2002 Purebred F 010111 2001 Horses M 010119 2001 Horses E 010120 2001 Asses mu a f 010190 2002 Other Creating a product group To create a product group 1 In the Nomenclature list select the nomenclature from which you want to create a group of products Note that you can t build a group made of products from different nomenclatures We selected HS 2002 in the example below 2 In the Tier list select the level of products categories from which you want to make your product selection
31. Displaying Product Description Product codes are not self explanatory You can put a checkmark in Show product descriptions box to see product descriptions A Description column is added right after the Product Code column Uncheck Show product descriptions to remove that column if necessary WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name C6 Quick Database Query WTO Integrated Database WTO Integrated Database option within Quick Database Query allows you to query WTO IDB database and to retrieve the tariffs and import values for a single tariff line reporting country and year This topic focuses on tariff data retrieval For inform
32. EEE EAEN A 181 Di WitS TOOL Siinisicicscenisincsassricessctsitesestscteesctsatestaseatesscteacesse gt 2 OF D1 Building and Managing Country GroupS ccceseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeenae 185 Opening the country group builder Utility ccccececeee cess eeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeenenas 185 Creating a country QrOUP wc cits cece ceed cee cee ENE erteeeeeseves ta SEAST aa erae 186 Editing a country FOU wieinciidvecieseedce ne aedvedearieenivediedinedieeve verve eteatiecnuaced 187 Deleting a GrOU Piissieeus sae tas tad e saved tea aad EE A eee teeta seaiea anes fugue cei E ANN EA 188 D2 Building and Managing Product Groups ccccseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeenae 188 Opening the product group builder Utility ccc ceceeeee sees teen eeeeeeeeeeaeenenas 188 Creating a product GrOUP wise iaeia a E en ene hee 189 Adding a product Category wiicc ticuii cece res Wie AEAEE EA NAAT VAEA NETA ee eet 191 Excluding a product ategolyn eee eee eee ee a a netted 191 Adding or excluding a range of product categories ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeneeas 192 RESetting product selection srsti ia i ae a a a 193 Editing an existing group Of Products s ssssssssssrrsssrnnsrrnusrrnnsrnnnurnnnurnnnuran 193 D3 Using TRAINS Tariff Measures ccccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeenaeeeneeeneae 194 D4 Using TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries 0 ccscceeseeeeseeeuseeeueeeeueeeenae 196 Annex 1 About WITS HS Combined Nomenclature scscesese
33. IBD Matket Costa Rica Year 2004 Nomenclature v Tier Chapter all 2 digit HS 1996 Harmonized System 1996 Tarif Schedules Imports LISIC Revision 2 International Standard Industrial Cl Next select from the Product selection box which contains all 4 digit HS codes based on HS 2002 Here we selected product code 8506 as shown below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data DataSource WTO IBD Market CostaRica Year 2004 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Heading eading al 4 digt 9 Electio mechanical domestic appliances with self contained electric motor Shavers har clippers and hair temoving appliances with self contained electric t Eoaea griion a Aa Sanan oi ainoita mah oien oita Electrical bg g articles of g 85 39 In case of Costa Rica the national tariff structure is 10 digit sub division of the nomenclature as shown in the screen below Selecting HS Heading 8506 Primary cells and primary batteries returns 10 tariff lines beginning with 8506 as indicated in Item DataSource WTO IBD Maket Costa Rica v Year 2004 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Heading all 4 digk Product 8506 Primary cells and primary batteries Understanding and Exporting Output Data To display tariff data click on the Tariff Schedules tab The query def
34. Miscellaneous manufactured articles amp 9 Commod amp transacts not class accord to kind WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics By default the SITC Revision 1 nomenclature is selected in the Nomenclature dropdown list and its structure is displayed Nomenclatures are organized in product categories using a tree structure Starting from Total Trade the trunk the structure goes into more details through several levels of product categories down to the leaf product level Clicking on the folder icon expands a branch and display subcategories Structure of the SITC Revision 1 nomenclature Extract amp Total trade 0 Food and live animals 1 Beverages and tobacco Ei 10 UN Special Code 11 Beverages Ei 110 UN Special Code 111 Nor alcoholic beverages nes 1110 Non aleoholic beverages n e s 112 Alcoholic beverages 12 Tobacco and tobacco manufactures 6 2 Crude materials inedible except fuels 3 Mineral fuels lubricants and related materials 4 Animal and vegetable oils and fats amp 5 Chemicals ma closed folder stands for a contracted category E open folder stands for an expanded category Double click on it to reverse to the contracted view EB sheet icon stands for a product category which does not contain any additional sub categories leaf level Let s now open the HS 2002 nomenclature using the dropdown list to compare its structure with the SITC one Structure of the HS
35. Reporters Markets folder To delete a previously selected region s click on the box with a checkmark In Advanced Query a region or group of country can be used to o Select set of individual countries in one click useful if you often use the same countries in your queries WITS will return individual trade values for each country belonging to the group in the output table you need to select this option once you submit your job o And or select a group of countries to see the aggregated results To learn how to create customized country groups see Building and Managing Country Groups page 185 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data In our example we select Turkey USA and Brazil as individual country reporters and NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement comprising of Canada Mexico and United States as an aggregate They appear under Reporters Markets as you add them Please note that you can select as many countries and country aggregates as you require Query Data Selections for CMT Reporters Markets D Brazil BRA D Turkey TUR D United States USA Nafta NAFTA Products Partner Countries Years Trade Flow g Sub Saharan hica SSA 1 1p GTAP Albania gtap_ab Selecting Products Selected products are those for which you would like to see individual or aggregate trade flows Click on Products to display the product selection panel as repr
36. Retrieval Working with Protection Data C WORKING WITH PROTECTION DATA f WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data C1 Working with Protection Data Review and Objectives The objective of this course module is to learn how to retrieve and analyze data on tariffs and non tariff measures After completing this module you will be able to conduct the following Choose the most appropriate tools and databases the for your analysis Identify different trade policy measures affecting a particular product or country a Systematically assess a country s import tariff policies Identify market access barriers facing a country s exports Export a country s tariff schedule for analysis outside of WITS This section will be useful for e Supporting trade negotiations e Analyzing market access barriers facing a country s exports e Analyzing the structure of incentives facing a country s imports We will learn about different forms of customs duty rates different types of tariffs sources of data WITS Tools In this module you will learn how to use two major types of tools available in WITS The Quick Database Query tools offer the easiest and quickest way for retrieving simple information from the available databases WITS offers six different tools o TRAINS View and Export Raw Data allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve import values and quantities of all traded prod
37. Select product by 2 SITC Revision 1 bd Items Clusters Aggregates Search 1S Total trade 1S 0 Food and live animals 1S 1 Beverages and tobacco 1S 2 Crude materials inedible except fuels JS 3 Mineral fuels lubricants and related materials 1S 4 Animal and vegetable oils and fats 1S 5 Chemicals J amp 6 Manufact goods classified chiefly by material JS Machinery and transport equipment O Miscellaneous manufactured articles amp 9 Commod amp transacts not class accord to kind The nomenclature selection list 1 allows choosing the nomenclature you want to use for selecting product categories The product selection mode 2 offers several ways of selecting products categories see below The product selection area 3 is where you actually make your product selection Product selection always starts by choosing a Nomenclature Then you can select products product categories or product groups within the selected nomenclature using different modes of selection Note that you can select products from different nomenclatures in the same query Selecting a Nomenclature The first step in any product selection is to choose a nomenclature Each nomenclature has its own product structure and level of details Nomenclatures can be categorized into two groups HS Combined the HS Combined nomenclature combines all current and historical revisions of HS As a country reports its tariff schedule
38. System 2002 lt reported gt 7 Tier Sub Heading al 6 Product 030269 Other item 1 of 32 Taiff Lines Understanding and Exporting Output Data To display imports data click on the Imports tab The Imports screen contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Name is the name of the partner country Partner is the 3 digit numeric code of the trading partner Submission ID is a code included in the database for tracking purpose useful for database management but not for analytical purpose TLS is the tariff line level suffix Suffixes are tariff lines sub divisions when for example a good receives different tariffs based on the season Imports is the value of imports in thousand US dollars NatValue is the value of imports in national local currency Note that countries may report their national value also in US dollars In those cases this column would be the same as Value column both in US Record Status is a code included in the database for tracking purpose useful for database management but not for analytical purpose SQty Unit is the numeric code defining unit of reported quantity for each product line SQty is the value of reported quantity WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Data Source fwro IBD Market Croatia x Year 2004 X Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Sub Heading al 6 Product 0
39. TRAINS View and Export Raw Data entry WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS view and Export Raw Data b TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII view and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed SeectOun tne ERNE Recon fates SSS Duty Code Al DuyCodes gt F Show Product Oescription Defining a Query Tariff Raw Data When you select Tariff Raw Data as the data type WITS retrieves tariff data as reported by countries This data type offers the largest country period coverage Make sure Tariff Raw Data is selected in the field named Select Data Type and selected the country for which you want to retrieve tariffs in Reporter Select Data Type Tonite Raw Data l Select a year in the Year list As seen previously year availability depends on the reporter that you select Select Data Type Tats Raw Data Reporter European Uron l Duty Code CAs DuyCoden F Show Product Description Select from the list of Duty Codes You can select either one specific tariff str
40. a set of individual countries in one click useful if you often use the same countries in your queries WITS will return individual trade values for each country belonging to the group in the output table you need to select this option once you submit your job o And or select a group of countries to see the aggregated results To learn how to create customized country groups see Building and Managing Country Groups page 185 In our example we select Argentina and Bangladesh as individual country reporters and ANDEAN comprising of Bolivia Colombia Ecuador Peru and Venezuela as an aggregate They appear under Reporters Markets as you add them Please note that you can select as many countries and country aggregates as you require WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Query Data Selections for TRN Reporters Markets Argentina ARG D Bangladesh BGD ANDEAN country group ANDEAN Products Partner Countries Years Developed EECI5 EECIS Selecting Products Selected products are those for which you would like to see individual or aggregate trade flows Click on Products to display the product selection panel as reproduced below Elements of the Product Selection panel The product selection panel is composed of 3 main areas identified by red rectangles in the below picture WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Nomenclature
41. be sorted by clicking on a column s heading You will see in the next topic how to customize the output table Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen m Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name Closing the output table window To close the output table window click on the Close button located on the bottom right of the window M C9f Advanced Query Customizing Output Tables In Advanced Query The Result Table you saw how an Advanced Query output table looks like by default information corresponding to your query definition is displayed as a unique table following ordering rules we described previously Depending on your query and your needs this data organization may not be the most efficient Hopefully the output table can b
42. binding coverage varies by region In Latin America practically all countries bind all tariff lines In Asia the binding coverage varies from less than 15 percent in Bangladesh to 100 percent in Mongolia Binding Coverage by country all products Asia and Oceania ysape fueg eyueT US uegsiyed eulyg Buoy Buoy sauiddiiyg aodebuis puepey L eseje day eaioy elsauopu eyedsny SO APIE uedep aygnday zABuA4 puejeaz Many eyobuopy eaung may endeg spue s uowojos euiyg ueane Latin America and Caribbean eaog sopeqeg SIAaN pue SH IS ejanzaua eweueg euluabay ernog zeg eiqwuojog ealy eys0g aope Ales 13 epeuaig ejewang seInpuoH enbewesin Aeniruy epnqieg pue enbluy qnday uesiuiwog ofego pue pepun L WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data When you use WITS to conduct simulations of the Doha Development Agenda s tariff cutting exercise you will need to take into consideration differences in binding coverage across countries Comparing Types of Tariffs The 3 types of tariffs may exist for the same commodity line In general the bound rate is the highest tariff the preferential the lowest one and the MFN applied is generally somewhere in between the other two as illustrated below 3 types of tariff for a given product sessanta CEng Effectively Applied Tariff When analyzing the effects of preferential tariffs on trade flows you
43. cnaractenstics req ti 8111 BFA nachrichten Fur Aus Prod characteristics req to pre 8112 BFAI nachrichten Fur Aus Test inspection and quarartir 8151 s INTERNET LE COMME Test inspection and quarartir 8151 INTERNET LE COMME Test inspection and quarartir 8151 INTERNET LE COMME Test inspection and quarartir 8152 WTO WT ACC DZA 15 Test inspection and quarantir 8152 WTO WT ACC DZA 15 Information requirements to pu 8161 n JORA Joumal Officiel de Information ram srements tn inne RIRI INR imena Nfficial de The Non Tariff Barriers table contains the following fields column headings WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Column Heading Description NTB gives the name of the non tariff measure Measure is the measure s code using UNCTAD TRAINS codification see C3 Add NTM_List for all NTM codes StartYear indicates the measure s starting year StartMonth indicates the measure s starting month PartialCoveragelIndicator is filled with if the measure partially covers the considered product line Sources is the reference of the regulation establishing the NTM Affected returns the list of affected partner countries an empty cell means all countries Footnotes includes any additional information Working with Output Tables Resizing columns Any column can be resized as in MS Excel by positioning the mouse on the right boundary of the column s heading and dragging See Col
44. code Trade Value is value of trade in thousands of US dollars Quantity is the quantity volume of traded goods Quantities are not available for items that are at a higher level of aggregation because they may mix different quantity units For example you will find quantities if reported by the reporter country for products based on HS 4 and 6 digit codes but not for 2 digit codes Similarly you will find quantities for product codes based on SITC 3 4 and 5 digits and not for 1 and 2 digit product codes NetWeight is weight of the reported quantity ComtradeQtyCode is the code for quantity units you have to use the scroll bar to the right to see all columns In the example above Australia shows import value of 271 199 180 for product 8502 from the world The corresponding quantity is equal to 5 376 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Sorting Data For each country table information is sorted by descending year and trade value You can also sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of PartnerName once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the first partner in alphabetical order to the last If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order Copying Output Data You can copy the entire catalog or a po
45. codes in the Tier box WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Data Source Trains Market Asgentina i Year 1999 Nomenclature HS 1996 s Hamoedo Syuan 1556 toed Tier San heamalataate Now you have to select from the Product selection box which contains all the 4 digit HS codes based on HS 1996 nomenclature Let s select product code 8703 as shown below Data Source rains v Market Argentina Year 1999 Nomenclature HS 1996 Harmonized System 1996 lt reported gt Tier Heading eading al 4 digt Product Containers including containers for the transpot of fads specially designed and a Tractors other than tractors vs heading No 87 09 for the transport of pe Mokee valuclas nt ina Garapon oF goode Special purpose motor vehicles other than those principally designed Chassis fitted with engines for the motor vehicles of headings Nos 87 01 to 87 C for the motor vehicles of headings Nos 87 01 to 87 05 In case of Argentina the most product details are based on HS 8 digit codes as shown in the screen below You will also notice that all detailed level product descriptions are in Spanish Selecting HS Heading 8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons for Argentina would return fifteen tariff lines at 8 digit level beginning with 8703 as indicated in red Select 87032100 Data S
46. column if necessary Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name C8 Quick Database Query WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data option within Quick Database Query allows you to retrieve bound tariff schedules aggregated at HS 6 digit for one reporting country and one year For more information on bound tariffs see Background on Trade Policy Measures in WITS page 106 About 6 digit bound tariff aggregation While countries report raw tariff data at the tariff line level HS 6 digit aggregation may be useful to some users Two rules for aggregation AHS 6 Digit product catego
47. data level The principle of these modules is to define a simple query and obtain results quickly For some databases several modules are proposed to retrieve data along different dimensions by country period versus product in most cases Quick queries are detailed later in this document WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics Analytical Tools The Analytical Tools Menu proposes several simulation tools to estimate the impact of tariff changes on the tariffs structures on trade tariff revenue and welfare These features are detailed in Advanced Course Analytical Tools in WITS Advanced Query The Advanced Query module offers a lot of flexibility and options to define large and complex queries This module uses HS 6 digit level aggregated data to produce comparable results among countries Queries can handle country and product groups to generate aggregated statistics Output tables can be customized to fit your reporting needs Advanced queries are detailed later in this document in Advanced Query on COMTRADE Introduction page 71 and in Advanced Query on TRAINS WTO IDB Introduction page 147 Utilities The Utilities menu gathers various tools aimed at increasing your productivity with WITS like definition of product and country groups you often use in your queries WITS utilities are introduced later in this course Help and Information The Help and Information menu gives access to reference material l
48. digit categories 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 until your selection is completed Nomenclature Select product by HS Combined T C Items Clusters Aggregates Search lt New range gt Define cluster as a range of items ALL All product items 7 All2 Heading All3 Sub Heading The selected cluster is displayed in the Products folder faa Query Data Selections for TRN Reporters Markets B Argentina ARG E Bangladesh BGD E ANDEAN country group ANDEAN s Products s HS Combined E 010410 Sheep E 02 Meat and edible meat offal EB 01 PDR Paddy rice Partner Countries amp Years You can also define ranges of products using Clusters option WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data To define a range of product 1 Select lt New Range gt Define cluster as a range of items in the Clusters panel The Define Product Range window is displayed The same nomenclature used in the Cluster option will be kept for this option HS Combined in this case Enter a name for the range in the Range Name text area Select a level of details in Tier Select the first product of the range in First Product Select the last product of the range in Last Product oY ee Check the Include Children products box if you also want to display all products within your specific range This feature may be very useful if you want to select a large number o
49. esc an eanan aa Wear sdas AE OAE NETE OET ERTED NA 150 Selecting Prod C S r n ies aAa aaa eA aAa E Aa AALE EUAS ANETA ENEE TADE EAT 152 Selecting Pare S a seek anena EIL CANET URTEA teenie tapenade des iareteeisaiacgeestubeanrens 161 Selecting Years pira verenin taana a EEANN ETAN A ERANA NAATA levine ENANTA A NE A 162 Reviewing your QUEI wit iiiecaeeieiorectiiie ck A E AAE ENA a 162 Saving the Query wiwicvocdawnd at eve aves aan tae aes 163 C9c Advanced Query Submission ccscceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesensensenees 164 The General Ta Dw sicnaveatvegereiien at a aa EEA E AE ene nena AA A 164 THE Tariff TaD iis cnek ceevveneaeioreeeneavesbvpeunarivaevereav red ENY ENET bv nei ea AN ATANA AS 166 Optional Indices TaD eriden sr aee TE NEA REA NEEE ADEA DATES 171 WITS Help on Data Retrieval Submitting the qQuery sbrrreirrer ia iruna deka vert veekee NATTE NAAKTEN 171 COd Status WiNdOW s sssssss1s 555255 555 55u 5uuu0nnunnnnn nnna 171 C9e Advanced Query The Result Table c sceeeseeeeseeeeeeeeueeeeuseeeeeneeuaes 171 COf Advanced Query Customizing Output Tables cccscsscsseseeseeseeeees 174 Adding and Removing COIUMNS ccece eee e eee e renee nett e teens eae ne eaten eed 175 Changing ColumNS Ofderincctvseaevevers ces vateeededens gies dead AA EENT E 177 Building multiple output tables 0 cece ee nnn 179 Pivoting a table sc ies aaestea ease aaa baile ure Ea A Ea date Ede a
50. further subdivision of the tariff line if any returns the description of the non Ad Valorem tariff if any returns one letter code identifying the type of duty A for Ad Valorem C for Compound M for Mixed N for Null no information available S for Specific and O for Other returns the methodology for estimating the Ad Valorem equivalent if any in case of a non Ad Valorem tariff is internal database management information that should not be useful to data users includes any additional information Working with Output Tables Resizing columns Any column can be resized as in MS Excel by positioning the mouse on the right boundary of the column s heading and dragging See Column heading in WITS Interface Components page 199 for detailed information WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Sorting Data You can also sort the data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic
51. like to select from Breakdown of Tier varies from nomenclature to nomenclature In case of HS you can select from Sub Heading 6 digit Heading 4 digit or Chapter 2 digit In example below we select HS 2002 in the Nomenclature box and Sub Heading all 6 digit HS codes in the Tier box Be wto IBD Market Croatia Year 2004 Nomenclature Hs 2002 Harmonized Fk 2002 comes Tier ee sch Now you have to select from the Product selection box which contains all the 6 digit HS codes based on HS 2002 nomenclature Let s select product code 030269 as shown below DataSource wroisp Market Croatia Year 2004 aa Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Sub Heading al 6 Product lt select produch AAAA winana 030311 Sockeye aoi ted salmon Oncorhynchus nerka s i mi DS tiki b Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus clatki Oncorhynchi rout tutta er ___ 4 030322 Atlantic salmon errr In case of Croatia the national tariff structure is 8 digit sub division of the nomenclature as shown in the screen below Selecting HS Heading 030269 Other WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data a fish product for Croatia would return thirty two tariff lines at 8 digit level beginning with 030269 as indicated in red Select 030269 WTO IBD Market Croatia Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized
52. lines sub divisions when for example a good receives different tariffs based on the season is the description of the product code is the 3 digit numeric code of the trading partner is a code included in the database for tracking purpose useful for database management but not for analytical purpose is the value of imports in thousand US dollars is the value of imports in national local currency Note that countries may report their national value also in US dollars In those cases this column would be the same as Value column both in US is a code included in the database for tracking purpose useful for database management but not for analytical purpose is the numeric code defining unit of reported quantity for each product line is the value of reported quantity is the HS nomenclature version on which the national tariff structure is based You can sort the data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of Value once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest trade value to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings In the screen below the data is sorted in descending order based on trade values WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data SelectDalaty
53. o2 MFN rate 2001 01021000 Weld 0 a2 MEN rate 2001 01023000 000 Wee 0 ae MEN rate 20m 01031000 000 Word 0 a2 MFN rate 2001 g1033100 000 Word 0 a2 MEN rate 2001 01038200 W0 Wodd 0 on MEN rate 2001 o1041000 000 Wedd 0 o MEN rate 20 01012000 000 Weed 0 a2 HFN rate 2001 01051110 000 Wodd 0 a2 HFN rate 2001 01051121 000 World 1 83 02 MEN rate 0 88 each L 2 01051122 000 Word 23 M2 MEN rate 238 but not less than 30 6 each L 201 01051130 000 Weed 0 me MEN rate 2001 01051210 000 Wold 0 o2 MFN rate 2001 01051230 000 Waid 8 o2 MEN rate 2001 01061910 000 Wodd 0 ae MEN rate 2001 01051992 000 Weld 25 a MEN rate 2001 000 01051993 Word 8 o MEN rate x Rows retuned 8197 Swe This table includes Ad Valorem tariffs and AVEs for non Ad Valorem tariffs in the same column AdValorem WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Defining a Query Non Tariff Measures Non tariff measure data can also be retrieved from TRAINS View and Export Raw Data However this information is often old and only partially reported and should be used with caution In Select Data Type choose Non Tariff Measures NTM as shown below Select Data Type Tarte Raw Date Duty Code F Show Product Select the country for which you want to retrieve NTM in Reporter and a Year Finally choose All Measures or a single one in Measure Name F Show Product MONOPOLISTIC MEASURES A Hlase CONTROL MEASURES EI QUA
54. on Trade and Development UNCTAD s TRAINS the World Trade Organization WTO IDB After completing this module you should notably be able to Choose among the various tools the most appropriate for your query Identify most traded products for one or many countries Identify major trading partners Build trade time series and cross country comparison Build group of products and group of countries and retrieve aggregated results In this module you will learn how to use two major types of tools available in WITS The Quick Database Query tools offer the easiest and quickest way for retrieving simple information from the available databases WITS offers six different tools o COMTRADE by Country Period allows you to query COMTRADE database and to access trade values and quantities of all traded products for one reporter country one year and one or all partners using standard international nomenclatures o COMTRADE by Product allows you to query COMTRADE database and to access trade values and quantities for one product or product category ata time but for one or multiple years reporters and partner countries using standard international nomenclatures o TRAINS View and Export Raw Data allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve import values and quantities of all traded products for one reporter country one year and one or all partners at the national tariff line level o TRAINS Trade Tariffs
55. on imports of a good In commercial diplomacy exporters seek MFN treatment that is the promise that they get treated as well as the most favored exporter Called Normal Trade Relations in the U S MTN See Multilateral Trade Negotiations Multifiber Arrangement MFA Arrangement Regarding International Trade in Textiles Negotiated as a temporary exception to the GATT in 1973 Regulates trade in certain textile products between signatories by means of negotiated bilateral quotas Superceded by the WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing in 1995 which specifies that all quotas are to be abolished by 2005 They have been indeed eliminated on January ist 2005 Multilateral Trade Negotiations MTN Trade negotiations between GATT now WTO Members aiming at eliminating or reducing tariff and non tariff barriers National Tariff Line National customs tariffs contain a list of all products which can be imported Within the tariff products are grouped according to the material they are made of or according to the industrial sector to which they pertain either as input or as output materials HS six digit headings Within those product groups customs tariffs WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes contain as many tariff lines as there are different levels of customs duties In other words each duty rate is attached to a tariff line National Tariff Line Level Most detailed level of tariff information for a given country The l
56. panel called from the Advanced Query menu Query name View Delete Log Source Date Seconds SkA My First Query g amp DB COMTRADE 1of1 03 26 2006 4 1200 PM 0 Co Test CMT O amp Ge D COMTRADE ofl 03 25 2006 8 amp 5200PM 0 Co Test Nomen gA BD GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 24 2006 9 5200AM 0 Co Test Nomen sal B GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 24 2006 95800 AM 0 Co Test NomeninAQ2005 A Gy BD TRAINS 1of1 03 24 2006 9 50 00 AM 0 Co Test Nomen inAQ2 6 amp 4 G BD TRAINS loll 03 24 2006 9 46 00 AM 0 Co TestNomeninAQ TRAINS 11 03 24 2006 9 2200 AM 0 Co Test Nomen GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 24 2006 9 2000 AM 0 Co 0105 Imports A Sy COMTRADE 1of1 03 22 2006 2 04 00 PM 0 Co Test NuMMHS NoPrefScen Tiaded g FY D GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 22 2006 1 58 00 PM 2 Co Test NullAHS NoPrefScenAll A ef i GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 22 2006 1 56 00PM 2 Co NulAHS A Se B TRAINS 1of1 03 22 2006 1 50 00 PM 0 Co Test Pref Agg PrefScenAll2 A sy D GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 21 2006 4 55 00PM 1 Co Test PrefAggPrelScen Traded2 SA Sf D GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 21 2006 4 55 00PM 5 Co Test PrefAggNoPrefScen Tiadd GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 21 2006 4 38 00PM 2 Co Test PreAHS Null a GSIM TRAINS 1of1 03 21 2006 30200 PM 1 Co EU 01 A Ss BD TRAINS 1of1 03 21 2006 3 04 00 PM 0 Co EU 01 A ty DB TRAINS 11 03 21 2006 25200 PM 10 Co U 01 6 amp 4 Se TRAINS 1of1 03 21 2006 2 46 00 PM 0 Co lt gt Query related information and behaviors are the same in both cases In w
57. prep for the treatment of textiles Other vegetable textile fibres paper yam amp w Sisal and other textile fibres of the genus Aga Raw ramie and other vegetable textile fibres n Yan of jute or of other textile bast fibres of Single yarn of jute or of other textile bast fi Yam of other vegetable textile fibres paper y Yarm of vegetable textile fibres nes Woven fabrics of jute or of other textile bast Woven n y ue or other te bast fib sat i s w ey Lil Selecting Partners Trade partners are countries for which bilateral trade information with the selected reporters will be retrieved Click on Partner Countries to display the corresponding selection panel The partner selection is exactly the same as reporter country selection WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Partner countries World WLD Afghanistan AFG Albania ALB Algeria DZA American Samoa ASM Andorra AND Angola 4GO Anquila Ald v Unselect All Select All Partner regions 30 countries from the OECD OECD a All countries All i All high income OECD plus non OEC ANDEAN country group ANDEAN Caribbean Community members CAF DAC DAC Developed countries DEV DEV EEC15 EECI5 v The Partner countries panel contains two lists The Partner countries list allows you to select individual countries by placing a checkmark in the check box to the left of each country Go through the list of all existing co
58. selected tariff type Use AVE This option decides whether or not to include estimated Ad Valorem Equivalents AVE in the results As in TRAINS View and Export Raw Data quick query tool WITS offers two methodologies of estimation to choose from in the dropdown list UNCTAD1 and UNCTAD2 Results will be affected only if AVEs are available for the selected reporter year Note that AVEs are not available for WTO based queries For more information on AVEs see Ad Valorem Equivalents of non Ad Valorem Tariffs page 112 and Defining a Query Ad Valorem Equivalent Tariffs page 116 Weight Tariffs by These features will be released in a future version of WITS Managing non available years The Tariff tab offers two options for dealing with years for which no data are available These are especially useful when the query includes several reporters Indeed WITS returns results only when data are available for the selected reporter year To avoid such missing data situation an alternative year can be used based on some replacement rules To demonstrate how the replacement options operate let s consider a query where selected reporters are Albania Algeria Angola and Antigua and year is 2003 The table below summarizes tariff data availability for those countries ok when data exist n a for non available 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 Albania ok n a n a ok ok Algeria ok n a ok ok ok Angola ok n a ok ok ok A
59. selection box Column 1 of the output screen contains either or which expands or contracts each country table respectively Initially the screen contains only the country names and a in the first column Nomenclature HS 1988 92 v Tie Heading fall 4 digt HS codes v Flow Imports Product 8502 Electric generating sets and rotary converters v Reporters Uganda v Ukraine United Arab E maates United Kingdom ce Armenia Click on all signs located in front of Armenia Australia and Azerbaijan to display all results WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data 1 ReporterName ReporteiSO3 Year Partner Name PartnerISO3 Trade Value 000 Quantity ComtradeQtyCode IA Australia AUS Azerbaijan World isi USA PR USVI World USA PR USVI World 2002 USA PRUSYI World USA PR USVI World 2003 USA PR USVI World 2002 isa PR USVI 720 18 0 096 000 75 00 2 750 000 83 36 3 246 000 395 157 000 576 37 5 429 000 400 00 4 000 000 271 198 18 5 376 000 56 436 78 2 142 000 92 408 30 9 374 000 27 420 27 8 254 000 78 533 26 1 486 000 18 002 48 1 860 000 lt The results table contains the following columns Column Heading Description ReporterName is the name of the reporting country ReporterISO3 is ISO3 alphabetic country codes for the reporters Year is the year of data PartnerName is the trading partner name PartnerISO3 is the ISO country
60. the comparability of establishment data describing the US economy covers the entire field of economic activities and defines industries in accordance with the composition and structure of the economy GTAP The University of Purdue Global Trade Analysis Project GTAP was established in 1992 with the objective of lowering the cost of entry for those WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics seeking to conduct quantitative analyses of international economic issues in an economy wide framework For more information see the GTAP documentation at http gtap agecon purdue edu HS Combined the HS Combined nomenclature combines all current and historical revisions of HS As a country reports its tariff scheduled for a given year in only one revision HS88 92 HO HS96 H1 or HS2002 H2 combining these different revisions enables users to choose products without knowing in which nomenclature a particular country reports in a particular year We will come back to this nomenclature latter in the course in Using Advanced Query on TRAINS and WTO IDB databases page 153 A6 Checking Data Availability Catalogs in WITS Checking data availability should be the very first task in WITS It will help you define queries that will return results as expected Information on data availability is stored in WITS in individual database catalogs Since some types of data are available in more than one database tariffs in TRAINS
61. to the product code Consequently the Selected Products table is filled The product code is added in the Low Code column 1 0 is added in the Multiplier column This value means the code is added to selection You ll see later that this value can be changed in order to define excluded products Repeat the process for any individual product code to be included In our example we selected sections 5 6 7 and 8 of SITC Revision 1 Range Reset Save Selected Products Available Products Code Description 1 Beverages and tob 2 Crude materials 3 Mineral fuels lu F 4Animal and vegeta V 5 Chemicals MV 6 Manufact goods cl MV 7 Machinery and tra y l 8 Miscellaneous man Excluding a product category To exclude a product category from a group of products 1 Select a Tier 2 Place a checkmark next to the product code Consequently the Selected Products table is filled The product code is added in the Low Code column 1 0 is added in the Multiplier column This value means the code is added to selection You ll see later that this value can be changed in order to define excluded products 3 Click in the Multiplier cell and type in the minus sign as shown in screen below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Product group builder information Nomenclature Tier SITC Revision 1 Re Division 2 digit ha Code Name knew group gt Please ma
62. tool able to produce aggregated statistics Advanced Queries and to simulate the impact of tariff changes on the various tariffs structures Advanced Tariff Change Simulation tool as well as on trade flows tariff revenues and welfare SMART GSIM Getting access to WITS WITS software is public and free Access to the databases depends on the dissemination policy of each database owner see The databases page 14 for more information You can use WITS without access to all databases A 3 step process 1 Individual registration is required and is done online at http wits worldbank org witsweb Register default aspx 2 You will then receive an email confirming your registration Download WITS client software by using the link included in the email and install it on your computer You may want to review the technical requirements at http wits worldbank org witsweb Faq Installation aspx in order to make sure your hardware and software configuration can operate WITS 3 Use your internet browser to connect to the WITS server through the Internet For all information on WITS you can visit our web site at http wits worldbank org witsweb You can also visit WITS Discussion Forum at http wits worldbank org witsweb Forum default aspx WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics A3 Exploring WITS Workspace WITS software operates within MS Internet Explorer the same way a web page does To access WITS g
63. which identifies the tariff schedule jointly with the Duty Type for example 3 as Duty type and 1 as Duty code identifies tariff schedule 31 Preferences for Canada granted by Costa Rica TL is the tariff line code at the national tariff line level The number of digits varies among countries 10 digits for Costa Rica in 2004 TLS is the tariff line suffix further subdivision of the tariff line if any Partner is the 3 digit numeric code of the partner country IDB s raw data do not report the actual beneficiary country code however but 000 World WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data AV Duty rate is the value in percentage points of the Ad Valorem tariff if any Specific Duty Rate returns the description of the non Ad Valorem tariff if any Duty Nature returns one letter code identifying the type of duty A for Ad Valorem C for Compound M for Mixed N for Null no information available S for Specific and O for Other AvMethod returns the methodology for estimating the Ad Valorem equivalent if any in case of a non Ad Valorem tariff Record Status is internal database management information that should not be useful to data users Note includes any additional information Sorting Data You can sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of AV Duty Rate once the data will be s
64. will need to be careful with assumptions about which tariff rate is actually applied to a particular import The importing country will apply the MFN tariff if the product fails to meet the country s rules that determine the product s country of origin For example some former European colonies find it easier to satisfy the rules of origin under the Cotonou Agreement rather than the Everything But Arms EBA program even where preferential tariffs are lower under the EBA WITS uses the concept of effectively applied tariff which is defined as the lowest available tariff If a preferential tariff exists it will be used as the effectively applied tariff Otherwise the MFN applied tariff will be used National Tariff Line Level TLL Each national tariff schedule defines products in slightly different ways Countries generally base their tariff schedules on the World Customs Organization s Harmonized System HS nomenclature which emerged through international cooperation during the 1970s and 1980s as a trade facilitation measure See http www wcoomd org ie En AboutUs fiche2 20A 20ng pdf for more information The HS specifies products using six digits from 010110 purebred breeding live horses asses and ninnies to 970600 antique works of art exceeding 100 years in age Countries then append additional digits to distinguish between different tariff lines The graphics below shows that the 2005 U S tariff schedule has three differ
65. you select a Nomenclature and Tier in order to specify a Product category The product category to be selected is the one which the tariff line belongs to Indeed each country s national tariff line level structure is based on the HS nomenclature and all other listed nomenclatures are linked to HS using concordances Therefore once a nomenclature and a product category are selected WITS is able to retrieve the list of all national tariff lines belonging to the selection As a second step you select the desired tariff line from the list Click on the down arrow in the Nomenclature box and select your desired product classification Next select from the Tier box This option allows you to define which level of product categories you would like to select from Breakdown of Tier varies from nomenclature to nomenclature In case of HS you can select from Sub Heading 6 digit Heading 4 digit or Chapter 2 digit In example below we select HS 2002 in the Nomenclature box and Heading all 4 digit HS codes in the Tier box Data Source Trains Market European Union Year 2005 Nomenclature HS 2002 kasataan onan v Tier Chapter all 2 digit Product lt se BEC Broad Economie amaai CCCN Customs Cooperation Council Nomenclature CPC Cental Product Classification HS 1996 Harmonized System 1996 Tarii Schedules Paral anit ISIC Revision 2 International Standard Industrial CI Next select fro
66. 0 020668 cents kg for each degree under 100 degrees and fractions of a degree in proportion but not less than 0 943854 cents kg Mixed tariffs are expressed as either a specific or an ad valorem rate depending on which generates the most or sometimes least revenue For example Indian duties on certain rayon fabrics are either 15 percent ad valorem or Rs 87 per square meter whichever is higher Compound tariffs include both ad valorem and a specific component For example Pakistan charges Rs 0 88 per liter of some petroleum products plus 25 percent ad valorem Tariff rate quotas are made up of a low tariff rate on an initial increment of imports the within quota quantity and a very high tariff rate on imports entering above that initial amount Trade economists typically argue that these non ad valorem tariffs are less transparent and more distorting i e that they drive a bigger wedge between domestic and international prices In addition their economic impact changes as world prices change The share of tariff lines with non ad valorem rates varies across countries WITS Advanced Query can compute the share of non ad valorem tariff lines when it profiles a county s tariff schedule WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Ad Valorem Equivalents of non Ad Valorem Tariffs UNCTAD has computed ad valorem equivalents AVEs of specific tariffs in a handful of selected countries
67. 04 CMT ANDEAN ANDEAN ANDEAN county group BRA Brazil 2005 ANDEAN ANDEAN ANDEAN country group BRA Brazil 2005 ANDEAN ANDEAN ANDEAN county group BRA Brazil 2005 ANDEAN ANDEAN ANDEAN county group BRA Brazil 2005 ANDEAN ANDEAN ANDEAN country group WLD World 2005 ANDEAN ANDEAN ANDEAN country group WLD World 2005 ANDEAN ANDEAN ANDEAN country group WLD World 2005 ARG Argentina BRA Brazil 2005 2004 CMT ARG Argentina BRA Brazil 2005 2004 CMT ARG Argentina BRA Brazil 2005 2004 CMT ARG Argentina BRA Brazil 2005 2004 CMT ARG Argentina BRA Brazil 2005 2004 CMT ARG Argentina BRA Brazil 2005 2004 CMT Argentina BRA Brazil 2005 2004 CMT lt Rows returned 63 You can resize the window grab the window borders with the mouse pointer or maximize it using the Maximize window button located on the top right corner 5 Compared with COMTRADE Advanced Query results TRAINS and WTO IDB results include too many columns to be all displayed at once Use the horizontal scrollbar to navigate left and right within the table The Query Name is indicated right above the table My First Query is our example and the number of Rows returned is given below the table 63 in our example Information is organized in rows and contains the following fields Column Heading Description Selected Nomen is the nomenclature used for selecting products GP for GTAP for example Nomen is the native nomenclature H2 for HS 2002 for example fr
68. 1 Hides skins and fur skins undressed OE 210 UN Special Code JS 211 Hides amp skins exc fur skins undressed COG 212 Fur skins undressed OE 2120 Fur skins undressed The example above reproduces an excerpt of a product nomenclature Check boxes allow selecting any product category by checking the corresponding box Branches in gray as well as indentations materialize the hierarchical relations between categories Moreover closed folder icon indicates a category containing subcategories By default a category is contracted It means its subcategories are not displayed categories 0 11 and 211 in the example above Click the facing folder icon to expand a category and display the subcategories open folder icon indicates a category that is expanded to display its subcategories Total trade 1 2 21 and 212 in the example above Click the facing folder icon to contract an expanded category E sheet icon indicates an item which does not contain any subcategory The lowest level of the nomenclature hierarchy is reached for the considered branch 10 20 210 and 2120 in the example above Annex 3 WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts This section gathers information about basic computer related concepts some users may find useful to improve theirs experience with WITS Child window A child window opens above another window It is displayed when you click on a button generally to access further opt
69. 1S 0102 Live bovine animals FS 0103 Live swine 1 0104 Live sheep and goats O amp 0105 Live poultry that is to say fowls of the species Gallus do OA 0106 Other live animals OA 02 Meat and edible meat offal OA 03 Fish amp crustacean mollusc amp other aquatic invert 1S 04 Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey edible pr The three HS versions share the same structure at the Chapter 2 digit and Heading 4 digit levels However differences occur in some headings at the 6 digit level level through revisions some 6 digit codes were added removed or replaced Since HS Combined brings together the structures of the 3 HS versions HS Combined includes additional information in order to identify the HS version of each 6 digit product category This information is located between the product 6 digit code and its label For example in the previous screenshot 2002 located after 010110 product code means this product is included in HS 2002 but not in HS 1988 92 or HS 1996 This code can be red as included from 2002 The 2001 code in the case of 010111 means that product code was used until 2001 that is in both HS 1988 92 and HS 1996 but not in HS 2002 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes The following codes are used Code Meaning No year information means the considered product code is used by all HS versions 1995 Product code used until 1995 i e in HS 1988 92 2001 Product
70. 2 25 R H2 191 2004 Sereg 0G0ESTO00 kaaa 1 579 573 R H2 191 2004 Sereg 1604141 e 1 150 15 R H2 19 2004 Seregal e 1 503 503 R H2 191 2004 Sereg 40169962 es 1 180 180 A H2 1 2004 Sereg 48181010 es 1 s 88 R H2 191 2004 Seega 43182081 e 1 190 190 R H2 131 2004 Seregal 51121510 es 1 2382 22 R H2 1 2004 Sempal 61102051 6 1 680 630 A H 1931 2004 Sernge 62004235 es 1 463 468 A H2 191 200 Sereg 62052000 6 1 1475 1475 F H2 19 2004 Sereg 65061010 os 1 239 239 R H2 191 2004 Serega 73121030 5 1 224 226 R H2 131 2004 Seregal 82092080 e 1 22 w2 R H2 Row hanod 37 Save The above table above displays imports of Croatia from Senegal for the year 2004 based on a detailed 8 digit national tariff structure For example US imports value of 238 000 from Senegal on product code 03026400 in 2004 There are total of 37 lines of imports based on national tariff structure as shown at the bottom of the table WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data The result table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Reporter Year Name TL TLS Description Partner Submission ID Value NatValue Record Status SQty Unit SQty NomenCode Sorting Data Description is the 3 digit numeric code for the reporting country is the year of the data is the name of the partner country is the tariff line in the national tariff line level is the tariff line level suffix Suffixes are tariff
71. 2 digt HS codes v Flow Imports If we change our selection of the tier different sets of product codes will be displayed For example if we select Heading all 4 digit HS codes of HS 1988 92 nomenclature from the Tier box only the 4 digit product codes will be displayed Click 8502 electric generating sets and rotary converters to select it Nomenclature HS 1988 92 v Tie Heading all 4 digt HS codes v Flow Imports X Product Total All products m 8483 Transmission shafts cranks clutches sahit coupl 8484 Gaskets and similar joints of metal sheeting pu 8485 Machinery parts norrelectrical connections els m Then select Years Reporters and Partners by clicking in the check boxes Multiple selections can be made for each of these variables With check boxes to un select a variable simply click on a selected item In the example below we have selected years 2002 through 2004 Armenia Australia and Azerbaijan as reporters and Ukraine USA and World not shown as partners WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Nomenclature HS 1988 92 v Tie Heading all 4 digt HS codes Flow Imports v Product 8502 Electric generating sets and rotary converters X Partners Uganda v Ukraine United Arab Emirates Finally click on View Data to see results Understanding and Exporting Output Data Clicking on View data opens a table located directly under the
72. 2003 O101S010 Frod chractesaics rog to protect armalheath 112 1934 t 07 2003 0MS010 FProdehaaciamtics req to protect amalheath 8112 2000 8 I 076 2003 01019010 Product characteristics iequtements nes 8119 1933 1 F ore 2003 0019010 Test mpection and qumartine for arenai heath 8152 2003 3 i WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data The result table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading NomenCode Reporter_ISO_N Year Product Code Product Description Measure Name NTMCode StartYear StartMonth PartialCoverageIndicator Sources CountryList Footnotes Description is the code for the HS nomenclature version on which the national tariff structure is based is the 3 digit numeric code for the reporting country is the year of the data is a national tariff line code based on the harmonized system classification is the description of the product code this column is displayed when Show Product Description is checked is the measure s description is the measure s code using UNCTAD TRAINS classification see C3 Add NTM_List for all NTM codes indicates the measure s starting year indicates the measure s starting month is filled with if the measure partially covers the considered product line is the reference of the regulation establishing the NTM returns the list of affected partner countries an empty cell means all countries
73. 238 168 2003 82024010 233987 380 2003 27101130 196385 168 2003 27101961 156180 168 2003 27101921 117022 168 2003 27111287 33408 168 2003 271019651 3693 168 2003 26141000 86718 168 2003 85023010 65081 390 2003 27111397 64781 168 2003 27111233 57265 168 2003 28042310 45295 113 2003 27101311 43568 168 2003 27111331 38523 168 Save Displaying Product Description Product codes are not self explanatory You can put a checkmark in Show product descriptions box to see product descriptions A Description column is added next to the Product Code column Uncheck Show product descriptions box to remove the column if necessary Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv
74. 30269 Other Item 1 of 32 Tanff Lines ts Qty Code NatValue Record Stat SQty Unk European Union 318 1 90 244 000 166 90 244 000 G 300 Italy 30 1 89 223 000 166 9 223 000 R Morocco 504 1 81 985 000 166 81 985 000 R Portugal 620 1 1 021 000 166 1 021 000 R Senegal 686 1 73 975 000 166 79 975 000 R isi 733 1 43 487 000 166 43 487 000 R The table above displays the list of all competitors in the Croatian market for the selected tariff line Sorting Data You can sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of Trade Value once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest trade value to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table Saving is not available in this query module WITS User Manual on Dat
75. 6 Understanding and Exporting Output Data eccieee cece ee eee eee teens teen eaeaes 49 B5 Quick Database Query TRAINS View and Export Raw Data 51 Opening TRAINS View and Export Raw Data cccccecceeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeaeenees 52 Definihg a Query erii i E ARE E EEE erika ENER ER 52 Understanding and Exporting Output Data ssssssssssssrrrrrssrrrrrrrrserrrrrrrrseens 53 B6 Quick Database Query TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBS csscsscseeseesees 56 Opening TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBS sssssssssssssssrrrnrssnrrrrrnrsenrrrrnnnnerrnnnn 56 Defining a Query nehrin o ant e e e a LENE A A LEE ATE E ve 57 Understanding and Exporting Output Data ssssssssssssrrrnrssrrrrrrrrssrrrrrrnrseens 60 B7 Quick Database Query WTO View and Export Raw Data scssss00 61 Opening WTO View and Export Raw Data cceccecccceee eee eee eeeeneeeeteaeenennies 61 Defining a Query ssi we See a eis eae AP ie Ae ie ae 62 Understanding and Exporting Output Data cc ecccceee ects eee eeeeeeeeeeeneenenaes 63 B8 Quick Database Query WTO Integrated Database scsscsseseeseeseeeees 66 Opening WTO Integrated Database ciciccicceceee renee erent 66 Defining a Query Avance ees ee eae hee eat ded aioe aaa gate 67 Understanding and Exporting Output Data cccceeee sees erst eeeeeteeeeneeneenes 69 B9a Advanced Query on COMTRADE Introduction ccccsscseeseeseeseeseeeees 71 B9b Advanced Query on COM
76. 92 000 Wold 238 02 MFN rate 238 bus not less than 1 67 kg 200m 02071231 000 Wold 487 002 MFN rate 5X but not less than 4 741 Aug of more than 9 45 kg 2001 020712 000 Word 23 ae MFN tate 238X but not less than 1 67 ig 2001 02071331 000 Wo 321 me MEN rate 5X but rot lets than 4 74i kg ot mere than 3 8kg 200 02071392 000 Woe 249 0 MFN cate 249 bes not less than 3 78 kg 200 02071339 000 Woks 249 0 MFN cate 249 bat nek less than 8 74kg 2001 02071422 000 Worl 419 48 002 MFN rate 238 bea not lers than 6 45 kg 2001 02071491 000 Wold 371 a2 MFN cate 5Y but not lens than 4 74 kg ot more than 34ko lt Tii ail gt Rows rwhaned 377 Seve Since Tariffs AdVal Equiv Only was initially selected with AVEs of non Ad Valorem tariffs The structure of the table is the same as for raw tariff data except for the AdValorem Equivalent column which replaces the AdValorem in the previous table WITS returns 377 lines with AVEs For example tariff line 01051121 is non Ad Valorem tariff of 0 867 each should be character conversion problem with an estimated AVE at 1 83 If you initially selected Tariffs All Incl AVEs in your query the output table includes both Ad Valorem tariffs and AVEs for non Ad Valorem tariffs as illustrated below Yea ProductCode Patrer Name AdValorem MesuseCode MesnseName NonAdVakecem 201 01011100 000 Wedd 0 m2 MEN cate 200 01011300 000 Wodd 0 a2 HFN rate 2001 0102000 000 Wael 0
77. ADE DATA cccccssssssnensscceeeesseneseseeesesses OF B1 Working with Trade Data Review and Objectives ccseseseeseeeeeees 35 B2 Background and principles about trade information ccsscsseseeseeeees 36 Sources of Trade Information in WITS ccccceeeee eee ee eens tees reese e eee ea enaees 36 Imports Exports and Mirror Data with COMTRADE ccccceceseeeeeeeeeeeeneenenas 37 Exports versus Re exports in COMTRADE ccccceceeeeeeeee tees eneeeneetneeeaeeeaeneaes 37 Imports versus Re imports in COMTRADE eccceseeeee tees tees tees enaeenee eens enneeas 38 WITS Help on Data Retrieval Using World asa Reporter Sseiiccined icc Naia cet advan ver eeet bei ue NA 38 European Union and Trade Statistics cccecceceece cece cere eee e eee eeeeeeeeteaeeaeeaenaes 38 B3 Quick Database Query COMTRADE by Country Period scsscssessesees 39 Opening COMTRADE by Country Period sssssssssssssssrrrrrssnrrrrrnrssrrnrrnnnsenrrnnn 39 Defining a Query sve eden cased hce aea Rien dee ee acdeaaed eadauauiateche DENENA es 39 Understanding and Exporting Output Data ecciceecee eee ee eee eee e neta eee ea nae 42 B4 Quick Database Query COMTRADE by Product sccsesseeseesneseeseeseesees 46 Opening COMTRADE by Product ccececeee eect ee eee eens eats teens eae ee eats ea eees 46 DEFINING a QUELY cic cos due dead tea aeds Lean AENEA odes Seek dag easel cdes rane NEIER EREN AEAEE ts 4
78. AINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII view and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Nomenciatue HS 1988 92 w Ties Chapter al 2 digt HS codes Flow Imports Product gt Years a 2002 2001 View data 2000 1939 Defining a Query You would specify your query by selecting from all dimensions Nomenclature Tier Flow Product Years Reporters and Partners WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Begin by selecting a Nomenclature Tier classification level Flow and Product by clicking on the down arrow and highlighting a choice in each of the dropdown boxes In this tool only one product category can be selected at a time Click on the down arrow from the Nomenclature box and select your desired product classification You choice for a nomenclature depends first on data availability for the considered country and then on your needs in terms of details HS nomenclatures offer more details but less country period coverage than SITC ones These classifications are all hierarchical in structure That is they are all constructed to go from very low levels of aggregation to successively higher ones For example HS 1996 is a 6 digit cl
79. Annexes contain a Glossary of Trade and Market Protection Related Terms a description of WITS Interface Components and some Basic Computer Related Concepts You can read the chapters of this manual in order or you can read WITS basics and then start with the chapter that best suits your interest Typographical conventions The following typographical conventions are used in this manual blue texts or grey if black and white copy indicate WITS commands features and elements Blue underlined texts indicate references to other documents or sections of the document It may also indicate links to the web Numbered lists describe step by step processes Blue background notes or grey if black and white copy provide with important information WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics A WITS BASICS WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics A1 Module Overview and Objectives This module presents a general introduction to WITS and some very fundamental information about included databases It is therefore highly recommended even to those who have been already using WITS After completing this module you should be able to Understand how WITS operates Know the difference between WITS as a software and its databases Know about each database principles contents and coverage Check data availability Understand and review nomenclatures Understand and review concordances In
80. As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Closing the output table window To close the output table window click on the Close button located on the bottom right of the window m B9f Advanced Query Customizing Output Tables In Advanced Query The Result Table page 91 you saw how an Advanced Query output table looks like by default information corresponding to your query definition is displayed as a unique table following ordering rules we described previously Depending on your query and your needs this data organization may not be the most efficient Hopefully the output table can be customized with a lot of flexibility To customize an Advanced Query output table 1 Open the table from the Status window 2 On the output window click on the Alter View button to open the Query View Designer window which allows customizing the output Alter View button WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data C Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited Nomen Repoter ReporterName Patner Partner Name Mer Product a3g9a090 9 4 xI Tally Selected Items Data Transposing Pivoting Settings _ Use Last Tw
81. Columns All other Selected Columns will be used as Row Attributes M Show Data in Descending Time Order Cancel Loa 8 Click on OK to confirm the change and view results Jwi TS View Custom Query Results Product Name wN ml Total Trade 465 427 008 244 192 928 Phammaceutical products 9 253 457 9 191 316 Total Trade 6 741 283 976 5 908 693 408 Edible offal of bovine arimals swi 4 618 818 4 653 464 Meat and edible offal of the pouk 264 743 161 854 Other meat and edible meat offal f 4733 0 000 Pig fat free of lean meat and pou 0 000 0 000 Meat and edble meat offal sated 67 721 0 000 Pharmaceutical products 74 692 971 72 470 260 Total Trade 65 317 375 918 49 734 905 856 58 931 212 288 Edible offal of bovine animals swi 5 229 942 4 655 385 Meat and edble offal of the pout 360 065 1 024 276 Other meat and edble meat offal f 4733 1 120 Pig fat fee of lean meat and pou 0 000 60 892 Meat and edible meat offal sated 1 274 734 1 911 206 Phaimaceutical products 1 830 772583 1 564 952 704 Food SITC 0 1 22 4 1 945 197 2 148471 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data As a result WITS created separate columns for each year time series for trade values These columns are filled with corresponding trade values by partner and product Note that in order to demonstrate that the several customization features can be combined we kept Reporter as a heading WITS User Manual on Data
82. E lE DZA 012 2 SITC Revision 2 CMT lE IE lE IE DZA 012 33 SITC Revision 3 CMT lE IE lE IE AND 020 HO HS 1988 92 CMT lE IE lE IE AND 020 H1 HS 1996 CMT lE IE IE IE v gt Rows returned 1101 Codes used above mean the following Gas Imports v Data availability is displayed in a table with countries in rows and years in columns Therefore there may be several rows in most cases for a given country meaning that information is available through several nomenclatures and or versions For example in the case of Albania trade is available in both HS and SITC in their different revisions HO Hi and H2 for HS Si S2 and S3 for SITC which explains the 6 rows In fact each country usually reports trade information to UNSD using one nomenclature version UNSD automatically converts reported information in all previous nomenclatures versions For further details see Converting Nomenclatures Principles page 29 Each row contains the following information Country the reporting country full name WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics J SO3 the reporting country code using the UN ISO3 codification Country Code the reporting country numerical code NomenCode the code of the nomenclature version NomenName the name of the nomenclature version Data Source CMT stands for COMTRADE From there columns list years in reverse order from the latest available year 2004 at the moment and
83. EUR 100 kg net EE 2005 0102300520 000 Wodd o2 MFN duties Apphed 102 331 EUR 100 kg net a8 2005 0102300539 000 Wodd w MFN duties Apphed 10 2 931 EUR 100 kg net ng 2005 0102300540 000 Wodd w2 MFN dues Agehed 10 2 93 1 EUR 100 kg net 318 2005 0102300550 000 Wodd on MPN duet gphed 10 2 93 1 EUR 100 kg net ng 2005 0102300550 000 Wotd m2 MFN duties gched 10 2 93 1 EUR 100 kg net 8 2005 0102502100 000 Wodd m MFN ches gghed 102 93 1 EUR 100 kg net EAL 2005 maeno 000 Word m2 MFN dues Apeted 10 2 93 1 EUR 100 kg net EAE 2005 00202320 000 Wodd m2 MFN des Apphed 10 2 93 1 EUR 100 kg net ne 2005 0102502930 000 Wodd 002 MFN duties Applied 10 2 93 1 EUR 100 kg net The result table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description is the code for the HS nomenclature version on which the national tariff structure is based NomenCode Reporter_ISO_N is the 3 digit numeric code for the reporting country Year is the year of the data Product Code is a national tariff line code based on the harmonized system classification is the description of the product code this column is displayed when Show Product Description is checked Product Description WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Partner is the 3 digit numeric code of the country facing the displayed tariff structure 000 for world when MFN tariff is selected If affected countries are a group re
84. FG Albania ALB Algeria DZA American Samoa ASM Andorra AND Angola AGO Anqguila AlA v Unselect All Select All Partner regions 30 countries from the OECD OECD a All countries All All high income OECD plus non OEC ANDEAN country group ANDEAN Caribbean Community members CAF DAC DAC Developed countries DEV DEV EEC15 EECI5 v The Partner countries panel contains two lists The Partner countries list allows selecting individual countries by placing a checkmark in the box to the left of each country Go through the list of all existing countries by using the vertical scrollbar to the right of the selection box As you select new countries their names will appear in the query definition tree under the Partner Countries folder To delete a previously selected country click on the box with a checkmark _ Select al Select all individual countries in a single click Unselect All Pree Unselect Al Reset your individual country selections The Partner regions list allows selecting from pre defined groups or your own customized groups Place a checkmark next to the desired country group s Use the scrollbar to the right of the selection box to view all existing country aggregates As you select new groups their names will appear in the query definition tree under the Partner Countries folder To delete a previously selected region s click on the box with a checkmark In Advanced Query a region or group
85. NDEAN country group ANDEAN Products HS Combined EB 010410 Sheep G 02 Meat and edible meat offal 0103 Live swine Partner Countries Years Note that you can shift to another nomenclature anytime and select further items Your selection will include items from different nomenclatures as reproduced below HS Combined and GTAP selections rd Query Data Selections for TRN amp Reporters Markets B Argentina ARG Bangladesh BGD E ANDEAN country group ANDEAN Products HS Combined E 010410 Sheep GB 02 Meat and edible meat offal Ei 0103 Live swine amp GTAP 01 PDR Paddy rice WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data SELECTING PRODUCTS BY CLUSTER Cluster selection is a shortcut for selecting all same level product categories in one click The available clusters depend on the selected nomenclature In the case of HS nomenclature for example 3 levels of categories are available 2 digit 4 digit and 6 digit levels WITS will then return information for each and every category belonging to the selected cluster s To select product by cluster 1 Select the desired classification in the Nomenclature list 2 Select Clusters in Select product by 3 Check the cluster you want to include in your selection In the case of the HS nomenclature Chapter corresponds to all 2 digit categories Heading to all 4 digit categories and Sub Heading to all 6
86. NTBs allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve import values and quantities for one product at the national tariff line level for all partners o WTO View and Export Raw Data allows you to query WTO IDB database and to retrieve import values and quantities of all traded products for one reporter country one year and one or all partners at the national tariff line level o WTO Integrated Database allows you to query WTO IDB database and to retrieve import values and quantities for one product at the national tariff line level for all partners Since TRAINS and WTO IDB contains not only trade data but also market protection related information their respective Quick Database Query tools allow retrieving both types of information This module will focus on trade related WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data features of those tools protection related aspects will be introduced in another course module The Advanced Query tool offers many more features notably flexibility for Multi country period product extractions of trade data as well as product or country aggregations B2 Background and principles about trade information This topic discusses some general information and principles about trade related data in WITS Sources of Trade Information in WITS WITS World Integrated Trade Solution provides access to information on External Trade from the United Nations UN COMTRADE Data Base T
87. NTITY CONTROL MEASURES The list of available measure is based on the UNCTAD TRAINS codification Understanding Output Data Non Tariff Measures Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server which returns results in the table as reproduced below NomenCode Papen 150M You ProductCode MesnaeName 2003 01011010 Frod churacteeatics req to protect arimalheath 8112 1994 i 2003 01011010 Prod charactesntics req to protect amalhesth 8112 2000 8 076 2003 0101010 Product characteristics requeemerts n e s 8119 1983 1 F 076 2003 0011010 Test Fupecion and qastartine fo anensl heath 8152 2003 3 i 076 2003 01011030 Prod charactesatcs req to protect awmalheath 8112 14 t 076 2003 01011050 Prod charactesatics req lo protect armmalheath 8112 2000 8 I 076 2003 01011080 Test rupection and qamartine for annal heath 8152 2003 3 1 076 2003 01011100 Prod chaaciesstics reg lo protect arimathenth 8112 1994 t 076 2003 01011100 Produet characteristics requremerts n es ss 1993 1 F 076 2003 01011100 Test mmpection and quarantine for anenal heath 8152 1938 YW F 076 2003 01011900 Prod charactesatics req to protect arwmalhesthy 8112 1934 076 2003 0011900 Produet chatactenstics requeemerts net 119 1983 1 F 07 2003 01011900 Test mipacton and quatartine for anensl heath 8152 1998 1 F 078 2003 01012000 Prod charactenntics req to protect arma heath 8112 194 076 2003 O1012000 Test mipection and quatartine for arenal heath 8152 1338 nN F 076
88. OL Wool silk worm cocoons 13 FRS Forestry 14 FSH Fishing OR Oe oR oR y e g The example above demonstrates that some nomenclatures like the GTAP may have a very simple one level structure There is no product category containing sub categories and the first level is the leaf level The proper classification to use depends on the requirements of a particular study and that may entail potential trade offs For example if the maximum level of trade detail is required select the most current Harmonized System HS the trade off is that the number of years available will be few since countries only began using this classification in 2002 If a maximum number of years is the requirement use SITC Revision 1 with data from 1962 the trade off is that this trade classification has a less amount of detail Available nomenclatures in WITS External Trade and Tariff Classifications Six international classifications applied to trade and tariff data are available in WITS H2 The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System or Harmonized System HS 2002 version with data from 2002 This is a tariff and trade classification maintained by the World Customs Organization WCO H1 HS 1996 version with data from 1996 This is a tariff and trade classification maintained by the World Customs Organization WCO it preceded HS02 and most countries using the Harmonized System as the basis for recording their trade and tariffs will m
89. Product Name _HO Product Name __Muttiplier POR Paddy rice Rice in the husk paddy or rough POR Paddy rice Husked brown rice WHT Wheat Durum wheat WHT Wheat Spekt common wheat and meslin GRO Cereal grains n e c Rye GRO Cereal grains n e c Barley GRO Cereal grains n e c Oats GRO Cereal gains n e c Maize seed GRO Cereal grains n e c Maize excl seed GRO Cereal grains n e c Grain sorghum GRO Cereal grains n e c Buckwheat GRO Cereal grains n e c Millet GRO Cereal grains n e c Canary seed GRO Cereal grains n e c Other cereal nes V_F Vegetables fruit nuts Seed potatoes V_F Vegetables fruit nuts Other potatoes fresh or chilled she whe he eh eet et Rows retuned 4933 Save The Available Product Concordances tool provides three levels of information Ata broad level it indicates available derived nomenclatures for any native nomenclature At the concordance level the Row returned information bottom left of the panel reveals the coverage of the concordance In the example above WITS indicates 4933 rows from HSO match with the GTAP product categories meaning that less than a 100 rows less than 2 can t be converted It also details matching product codes between the two selected nomenclatures This is very important information when you work on a specific sector and want to know where products of interest are located in a derived nomenclature The
90. RAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS view and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data Clicking COMTRADE by Country Period opens the corresponding tool gt World Integrated Trade Solution Microsoft Internet Explorer Fle Edt Yew Favortes Tools Heb Address B hetp iwits worldbsrikorg WITS World Integrated Trade Solution a Quick Detabave Query Anahical Toots Advanced Query Usitier Help endinfematon TOW COMTRADE Database Quick Query by Country Period Criteria Nomenclature Hs 1968 92 v Tiet Chapter fat 2 dgrie Powe isports Reporting Country Abaris X Your 2004 X View data RN OROA Pastner Courty a5 Pantrnes gt AP Bn ten anne BPN gaat nate tenn T aia aa a Te Oe te ey en al As shown in the screenshot above WITS uses dropdown lists option boxes and buttons to help you define your query It also uses text fields child windows tabs tree controls and other Windows interface components extensively If you are not familiar with these elements you may want to have a look at WITS Interface Components page 199 and WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 The Five Menus Quick Database Query The Quick Database Query gives access to all database information at the raw
91. Save Data availability is displayed in a table with countries in rows and years in columns with the following information 2000 1999 1998 1997 199 Codes used above mean the following Rows returned 120 Imports RE Country the reporting country full name ISO3 the reporting country code using the UN ISO3 codification Country Code the reporting country numerical code From there columns list years in reverse order from the latest available year 2005 at the moment and back to 1996 first year of the database Use the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to navigate through rows and columns respectively For a given country year an empty cell indicates missing information That is the case of Argentina 2002 in the previous example The following codes indicate data availability in T Tariffs WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics I Imports Sorting the IDB Catalog The catalog can be sorted by any column by clicking on the column s label This is particularly useful for identifying countries for which data is available for a given year simply click on the year s label Copying the IDB Catalog You can copy the entire catalog or any portion and paste it in other software 1 Using the mouse select the cells you want to copy 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If
92. TO rules Special Safeguard In the WTO Agreement on Agriculture a protectionist measure that can be triggered automatically by a decline in prices or an increase in imports Specific tariff A specific duty is a customs duty which is not related to the value of the imported goods but to the weight volume surface etc of the goods The specific duty stipulates how many units of currency are to be levied per unit of quantity e g 2 00 Swiss Francs per KG SPS See Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measure Stages Of Processing For the analysis of the tariff escalation products are classified according to their stage of processing Products can be classified in general according to three stages of processing namely raw materials semi manufactures and finished products Stages Of Reduction Concessions offered in GATT negotiations are sometimes staged over a period of several years before the concession is fully implemented For example a duty reduction of 10 percentage points can be offered over 5 years with 5 equal stages of 2 points every year Standard Rule regulation or procedure specifying characteristics that must be met by a product such as dimensions quality performance or safety When these put foreign producers at a disadvantage they may constitute a non tariff barrier See also Technical Barrier to Trade WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Standard International Trade Classification SITC The SITC
93. TRADE Defining a Query scseeeeseeeeeees 72 Opening Advanced Query 0 oi UU EEE Eta 72 Selecting a Database and Naming the Query ssssssssssssssssssrrrrrsssrrrrrrreserrrrrrnss 72 Selecting Reporte Saa ananena anle E Ea NENDETA EEEa EUR EA CENERE EENIAS 73 Selecting Products AA A A A AAT 75 Selecting Partners arrore a a bills ENE O E AAO E 83 Selecting Y Cars porruen rrari araa naaa ANE VAA Accaweet earns deleted des cera cea vert 85 Selecting FLOWS iius a a ture catia ne lea vacee lela adel A eade ats 85 Reviewing your QUEPFY serisinin erasers et ear E tandem a tt aaan 86 WITS Help on Data Retrieval Saving the Query vvcscnniiesaia EAEEREN ENTANA tact asta eit ete 86 B9c Advanced Query SUDMISSION s sssssss 5 5 87 Submitting the gqguery i s aera Pos eee eee See ieee 88 B9d Advanced Query The Status WiINdOW cccccsceeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeseeseneenees 88 Opening the Status WINKOW 00 Enns 89 Refreshing the Status window information cceeeeeee cette eens teens eaeeeeanaes 91 Opening QUETY RESUIES ccececeecee cece eee e EE ARA EEE NA EEE E SESE EEE aa 91 B9e Advanced Query The Result Table ccscceesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeneaes 91 B9f Advanced Query Customizing Output Tables ccsccseesseeeeseeseesees 94 Adding and Removing COIUMOS ecceeeee eee e eee teen e eee eens eee eee eee ented 95 Changing COlUMNMS orde issie ieee A h
94. TS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Opening TRAINS View and Export Raw Data To open TRAINS View and Export Raw Data 1 Click on Quick Database Query tab 2 Click on the TRAINS View and Export Raw Data entry Quick Database Query Ana tical Tools Advanced Que Utities aoe aoe Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS view and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Select Dota Type Tarts Raw Data 7 Reporter Aeris Duty Code cad OuCodex gt T Show Product Description Defining a Query You would define your query by selecting from all dimensions Since this topic focuses on trade information select first Tariff Line Imports in Select Data Type WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Select Data Type Tents Raw Dato l aiie Rave Data Talis AdVal Equiv Only Talit Total ANE The Duty Code list which appears on the previous screenshot will be replaced by Partners Select a reporter in the Reporter list as reproduced below Select Data Type Tart Line Imports l Partners Select a year in the Year
95. UNSD United Nations Statistics Division UNSD Commodity Trade Statistics Database COMTRADE Contains bilateral trade flows import export re export information based on SITC and HS nomenclatures Upward Conversion Consists of converting information from a given nomenclature to a newer one Upward conversion is generally less accurate than backward conversion since the destination nomenclature is made of more lines and the conversion requires an expansion of the product structure V Voluntary Export Restraint Informal agreement between an exporter and an importer whereby the former agrees to limit exports of a specified good to avoid dislocation of the industry in and possible imposition of mandatory restrictions by the importing country The restraint agreement may be concluded at either industry or government level In the latter case sometimes referred to as an orderly marketing arrangement Voluntary Restraint Agreement See Voluntary Export Restraint WwW Waiver Authorized deviation from a previously undertaken and legally binding obligation Can be sought by WTO members through invocation of Art IX WTO Conditions under which waivers are granted are generally negotiated and limited in time WITS World Integrated Trade Solution database and software package developed by WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes UNCTAD and World Bank to allow analysis of market access conditions and the impact of own and pa
96. View Designer 2 In the list of columns uncheck all columns you don t want in your final pivoted table at least the statistics which are not involved in the pivoting and click on Tally Selected Items to bring all selected columns at the top of the list The window should look as below 3 In the list of columns select the one which is going to be the base variable the one to be shown as columns In our example it will be Year 4 Using the larger Up and Down arrows move the selected column at the bottom of the list of included columns 5 In the list of columns select the one which is going to be the presentation variable the one to be shown as cell content In our example it will be Trade Value 6 Using the larger Up and Down arrows move the selected column right above the base variable column 7 In Data Transposing Settings check the box Use last two selected columns to pivot data The name of you base variable and presentation variable columns should be displayed in the corresponding fields below the check box WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Q Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns TE Long Names Can be Edited Parner Product st S ProductName oo FlowName SCS Trade Value 000 Pear Quantity m E L EU 90 4 dst ke Presentation Variable is gt Trade Value 4 O00 To be shown as Cell Content BassVaisbiei To be shown as
97. a large number of products and retrieve trade values for each and every product in the range 7 Click on the Save button to save your range E The Save button Example range selection Define Product Range _ Range Name My First Range Description gt My First Range 0205 0210 Nomenclature Harmonized System 1996 Tier Heading 7 First Product 0205 X Meat of horses asses mules or hinnies fresh chilled or Last Product Meat and edible meat offal salted in brine dried or smoked Include Children Products Selecting products by aggregate Aggregates are groups of heterogeneous product categories that are either pre defined in WITS or defined by you using the Create Product Groups utility see Building and Managing Product Groups page 188 for information This way you can select many products in one click instead of manually selecting each and every item included in the group To select products by aggregate 1 Select the desired classification in the Nomenclature list 2 Select Aggregates in Select product by 3 Check the box for the desired product aggregate 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 until your selection is completed WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Hs 1996 z CET1 Raw materials CET2 Intermediate goods CI CET3 Consumer goods CI CET4 Capital goods WTO H1 Agaricultural C Items Clusters Aggregates Search
98. a Retrieval Working with Trade Data B9a Advanced Query on COMTRADE Introduction The Advanced Query tool gives users the ability to construct sophisticated queries using the data available in COMTRADE TRAINS and WTO IDB databases In this module we are covering the data retrieval from COMTRADE database only TRAINS and WTO IDB being tariff oriented databases In principle an Advanced Query works the same way as a Quick Query you define query parameters and submit your job to see results However there are a few differences As you Saw in previous topics Quick Database Query offers separate tools for working with different databases Advanced Query is a common tool for querying different databases COMTRADE TRAINS and IDB Therefore you must start any query by specifying the database to be used Advanced Queries can be saved and reused This is particularly useful for more complex queries While a Quick Query deals with only one item for most dimensions reporter partner product year you can include several reporters partners products and years in a single Advanced Query Product and country group builder tools allow you to retrieve aggregated results trade values for a group of products and or countries COMTRADE Quick Queries allow for retrieving data only as they are stored in the database you can only use one of the few native nomenclatures at a time and one Tier In Advanced Query you can select a
99. aE GAINS BOREAS DAN 90 JU 20 ZUU5 3 Click on a letter in the alphabetical list across the top to display information for all countries beginning with that letter The table will show the years for which tariff schedules are available and the HS version on which the national tariff line level structure is based for any given country period Nomen field 4 In the table locate the country year for which you want to retrieve tariff measures and click the plus sign to expand the table and display detailed information WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Partner Description MeasureCode TrfLinesCount MFN duties Applied 002 Preferential tariff for Bolivia 021 Preferential tariff for Brazil 022 Preferential tariff for Chile 023 Preferential tariff for Colombia 024 Preferential tariff for Cuba 025 Preferential tariff for Ecuador 026 Preferential tariff for Mexico 027 Preferential tariff for Paraguay u Preferential tariff for Peru 028 Preferential tariff for Uruguay 030 Preferential tariff for 031 Venezuela Preferential tariff for MERCOSUR countries In the example above information was retrieved for Argentina 2005 The sub table displays information on several tariff structures Column Heading TDW DutyCode Partner Description MeasureCode TrfLinesCount Description is the tariff structure code is the code for the partner or group of partners facing
100. ade restrictions Revealed Comparative Advantage RCA The ratio of a country s exports of a good to the world s exports of that good divided by that country s share of exports of manufactures in the world exports of manufactures The index for country i good j is RCAij 100 Xij Xwj Xit Xwt where Xab is exports by country a w world of good b t total for all goods A value of the index above below one is interpreted as a revealed comparative advantage comparative disadvantage for the good Rollback The phasing out of measures inconsistent with the provisions of an agreement Round In WTO context a multilateral trade negotiation There have been 8 rounds Geneva 1947 Annecy 1949 Torquay 1950 1 Geneva 1955 6 Dillon 1960 1 Kennedy 1963 7 Tokyo 1973 9 and Uruguay 1986 94 A ninth multilateral negotiation was launched in Doha Qatar at the end of 2001 Rules of Origin Regulations to define a country of origin of goods in international trade A country must satisfy the rules of origin to be considered as the country of origin of goods for the purpose of obtaining MFN treatment or preferential treatment S Safeguard Action Emergency protection to safeguard domestic producers of a specific good from an unforeseen surge in imports GATT Art XIX to protect a country s external financial position and balance of payments GATT Art XII XVIII B or to protect an infant industry in a developing count
101. ake the transition to it HO HS 1988 1992 version with data from 1988 This is a tariff and trade classification maintained by the WCO it preceded HS96 and most countries using the Harmonized System as the basis for recording their trade and tariffs have made the transition to it WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics S3 The Standard International Trade Classification SITC Revision 3 with data from 1986 This is a trade classification maintained by the United Nations UN and is the last in a series of three revisions of SITC which are used primarily for analysis of trade flows S2 SITC Revision 2 with data from 1976 This is a trade classification maintained by the UN It is the basis for Revision 3 and Si SITC Revision 1 with data from 1962 This is a trade classification maintained by the UN It is the basis for Revision 2 Industry Classifications Two classifications are included in WITS 3 The International Standard Industrial Classification ISIC of All Economic Activities Revision 3 This is an industry classification maintained by the UN This classification of economic activities is arranged so that entities can be grouped according to the activity they carry out ISIC Revision 3 was introduced in 1989 and 2 ISIC Revision 2 was introduced in 1968 This is an industry classification maintained by the UN It is the basis for Revision 3 National Income Accounts A single classific
102. and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS view and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Data Source Trains Maket Albania v Year 2005 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt v Tier Chapter all 2 digit Product lt select product gt v z Tariff Schedules ParaT anit Schedules Non T ariff Barriers Imports Defining a Query You would specify your query by selecting from all dimensions Market Year Nomenclature Tier and Product Click on the Market s selection box and highlight your desired country European Union in the example below Please note that you can select only one country at a time in this option Data Source Trains Next click on the down arrow within the Year selection box and select a year 2005 in the example below DataSource Trains Maket European Union v Year 2005 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Chapi n WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Tariff line selection is a two step process Selecting a tariff line is a two step process As a first step
103. and IDB for example you may want to compare what is actually available in each database to choose your data source Basically you will review the following points Country coverage Period coverage Type of data Level of detail Checking Data Availability in COMTRADE As described in The Databases page 14 COMTRADE contains trade flow information values and quantities since 1962 based on SITC and HS classifications To open the COMTRADE catalog 1 Click on Help and Information menu 2 Click on the COMTRADE Catalog option WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics The Help and Information Menu Help and Information COMTRADE Catalog TRAINS Catalog WTO IDB Catalog WTO CTS Catalog Available Classifications TRAINS Tariff Measures TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries Available Product Concordances Help Wits Information Web Site About WITS The following panel is displayed COMTRADE Catalog Country Code NomenCode NomenName DataSource 2004 2003 2002 204 AFG 004 s1 SITC Revision CMT ALB 008 HO HS 1988 92 CMT IE IE lE IE ALB 008 H1 HS 1996 CMT lE IE IE IE ALB 008 H2 HS 2002 CMT lE IE ALB 008 1 SITC Revision CMT lE IE lE IE ALB 008 s2 SITC Revision 2 CMT IE IE lE lE ALB 008 33 SITC Revision3 CMT IE IE lE IE DZA 012 HO HS 1988 92 CMT IE IE lE IE DZA 012 H1 HS 1996 CMT lE IE IE IE DZA 012 H2 HS 2002 CMT lE IE IE DZA 012 sl SITC Revision 1 CMT lE IE l
104. and Phytosanitary SPS Measure Positive List In an international agreement a list of those items entities products etc to which the agreement will apply with no commitment to apply the agreement to anything else PPM Production and processing method Used in instances where trade policy action by a country is motivated by a desire to ensure that imports have been produced in a way that satisfies a national or international production or process norm Often these norms will be environmental in nature Precautionary principle Policy under which measures are motivated by the possibility that use of certain technologies e g biotechnology genetically modified organisms pesticides could be harmful to human or animal health and safety or the environment although there is no certainty to that effect Preference or Preferential treatment In WTO terms this represents derogation in the sense of treatment that is more favorable than MFN See also Generalized System of Preferences and Special and Differential Treatment Preshipment inspection Mechanism under which goods are inspected and certified in the country of origin by specialized inspection agencies or firms Often used by importing governments to combat over or under invoicing of imports by having the value of consignments determined by independent foreign entities Price undertaking Commitment by an exporter to either raise prices or reduce sales in a market as a way
105. ar box displays only one year per country since bound tariffs are recorded only once for each WTO member in the database when the country reported its bound tariffs to the WTO Select Data Type Reporter Abass l You m0 v Finally click on View Data to retrieve results Understanding and Exporting Output Data Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server and displays results in the table as demonstrated below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data fise x Repote Argentina l TL TLS Ex BomndDuyAV Bound Duy Other Bound Duty Binding Statu Bound Duty Binding Coverage Bound Duy Ur Bound Duy Nauwe Ceatheda 01011100 389 B 1 oso 39 B A 01012000 380 8 S 01021010 38 8 A 01021030 38 8 a 0023011 369 B A o1029013 3190 B A m0230 380 B A 0031000 380 B a 01033100 380 E e 01038200 39 B 0401 38 8 S 041019 38 8 041090 380 8 A 01042010 3 B A 0042090 380 8 a 01051110 19 B a 01051190 389 B 01051200 5 00 B v lt gt Rowe staned 9318 Save The query above retrieved the bound tariffs reported by Argentina in 1998 The result table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading TL TLS EX Bound Duty AV Bound Duty Other Bound Duty Binding Status Bound Duty Binding Coverage Bound Duty unit Bound Duty Nature Description is the tariff line code at the national tariff line level The numbe
106. arrows red rectangles in the screenshot to move the selected column respectively up and down in the list Moving a column up down brings it further to the left right in the output table Repeat steps 2 and 3 to move additional columns Click on OK to confirm the change and see the result For example Tariff Year was moved top of the list Query View Designer Selected Nomen Reporter Patner Trade Year Trade Source Product WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data As a result Tariff Year is the first column in the output table and the first sorting field 7 WITS View Custom Query Results Trade Year Trade Source Product 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 02 Building multiple output tables By default all data display in a single table You may prefer to have one separate table for say each selected year and reporter The Query View Designer allows such customization To build multiple output tables 1 Open the Query View Designer 2 In the list we used previously identify the field you want to use as a table Heading In our example it will be Reporter and Partner 3 For the chosen field uncheck the corresponding Column box and check the Heading Box Repeat steps 2 and 3 for any field you want to display as a heading Click on OK to confirm all changes and view results In our example it illustrates as following WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval W
107. as a separate window if called from the Advanced Query panel or as a panel in WITS main window if called from the Utilities menu Country Region i ES w Code knew group v Name Please make you selections now Member Countries Countries to Select From Afghanistan Albania Algetia American Samoa r So K WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Creating a country group To create a country group 1 In the right box Countries to select from select the country you want to include in the group 2 Click on the left single arrow to move selected country to the left box Member Countries Esl Repeat steps 1 and 2 to add further countries to your custom group Country Region E EA w Code knew group v Name Please make you selections now Member Countries Countries to Select From Afghanistan Albania American Samoa BE Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia T N gr Si Q T I lt Please note that when a country is moved from Countries to Select From to the Member Countries list it is deleted from the Countries to Select From list Therefore there is no possibility of double counting by adding the same country more than once 3 Click on the Save button to open the Save Group window enter a Code short name a Name description and click OK to save a Save button E Save Group Code N Afticd Name P North Afri
108. assification Sub Headings which can be collapsed into 4 digits Headings and 2 digits Chapters We select HS 1988 92 as displayed in the screen below SITC Revision 1 SITC Revision 2 SITC Revision3 os Afghanistan Albania View data Algena Amencan Samoa v Next select from the Tier box This option allows you to define which level of aggregation of the data you would like to see In case of HS classification you can select from Sub Heading 6 digit Heading 4 digit or Chapter 2 digit If you select SITC classifications Tier will consist of 1 digit 2 digit 3 digit 4 digit and 5 digit product codes Nomenclature HS 1988 92 Ties Chapter all 2 digt HS codes v Flow Imports v r fi dot HS codes Total All products Years Reporters a 2003 2002 2001 Angula View data 2000 Antigua and Barbuc 1933 v Argentina v Next select from the Flow box imports exports or re exports WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Nomenclature HS 1988 92 w Tie Chapter all 2 digt HS codes v Flow Imports Ad Product Total All products Years Now you can select the desired product by clicking on the down arrow from the Product box In the example below only the 2 digit product codes based on HS 1988 92 are displayed since we selected Chapter all 2 digit HS codes from the Tier selection box Nomenclature HS 1988 92 w Tie Chapter all
109. at are imposed if certain circumstances contingencies are met Examples include anti dumping or countervailing duties to offset subsidies and safeguards Also called Administered Protection Cotonou Agreement Partnership agreement between the EU and the ACP countries signed in June 2000 in Cotonou Benin Replaces the Lom Convention Its main objective is poverty reduction to be achieved through political dialogue development aid and closer economic and trade cooperation Countervailing Duty Duty levied on imports of goods that have benefited from production or export subsidies The duty is intended to offset the effect of the subsidy Current Bound Current value of the bound tariff for a given year Concessions offered in GATT negotiations are sometimes staged over a period of several years before the concession is fully implemented Until then there may be a current bound used as ceiling for the current MFN Applied tariff higher than the final Bound final commitment Customs Duty Charge levied on imports and listed in importing country s tariff schedules Duties may be specific or ad valorem or a combination of the two ad valorem with a specific minimum or the greater of the two WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Customs Union A group of countries forming a single customs territory in which 1 tariffs and other barriers are eliminated on substantially all the trade between the constituent countries f
110. aterales de Inversin Canada Acuerdo Bilaterales de Irwes n Carada Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inversi n Canada Acuerdo Siatetaies de Irvets n Conede Acuerdo Biaterales de Inverse Cansada Acuerdo Biaterales de Invermin Canada Acuerdo Biaterales de Inverndn Canada Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inverndn Cansda Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inve s n Canada Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inverm n Canada Acuerdo Bisteraies de Inves n Canada Acuerdo Bilaterales de Invees n Carveda Acuerdo Biatetaies de Invern Canada Acuerdo Biatetaies de Invetain Canada Acuerdo Biateraies de Invees n Cansds Acuerdo Bisterales de Invermdn Cansada Acuerdo Bisterales de Invesndin Canada Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inveendn Yeu 2004 2004 2005 2005 2001 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 2001 2004 2004 2004 2004 2004 rPPrPPrPPrPrrrprrprprrr rrprrrp b gt 8888888888888888888 The query above retrieved the 2004 preferential tariff schedule granted by Costa Rica to imports from Canada The result table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Reporter is the 3 digit numeric code of the reporting country Year is the year of the data Description is the name of the tariff schedule Duty Type is a code which identifies the tariff schedule jointly with the Duty Code for example 3 as Duty type and 1 as Duty code identifies tariff schedule 31 Preferences for Canada granted by Costa Rica Duty Code is a code
111. atia 028 Preferential tarf for Least De 012 136 EUR 1000 kg Preferential tantt for Lebanon 041 Preferential tantt ine Marcador NAA The Tariff Schedules table contains the following fields column headings WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Column Heading Description Measure gives the name of the tariff schedule Code returns the tariff schedule s code 002 for MFN applied for example AdValorem returns the Ad Valorem tariff if any NonAdValorem returns the non Ad Valorem tariff if any 680 EUR 1000 kg net for example Affected are countries not in the general list of beneficiaries which appear in the column Partner QR are for quantitative restrictions associated with the preferential rate Origin is for special rules of origin Other is for other footnotes such as detailed product descriptions if the preference does not affect all items in the tariff line etc Partner list the countries affected by the tariff Code corresponds to the list of partners 000 for World If affected countries are a group regional agreement for example the countries belonging to the group can be identified using another WITS tool see Using TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries page 195 Understanding Output Data Paratariff Schedules To display paratariff measure information click on the ParaTariff Schedules tab item 1 of 27 Tanff Lines 0041010 Pure bred breeding animals X f
112. ation about using this tool to retrieve trade information see Quick Database Query WTO Integrated Database page 66 in Working with trade data page 34 Opening WTO Integrated Database To open WTO View and Export Raw Data 1 Click on Quick Database Query to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO Integrated Database entry WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw is ta WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Data Source WTO IBD Maket Albania Year 2001 Nomenclature HS 1996 Harmonized System 1996 lt repoted gt v Tier Chapter all 2 digit Product lt select product gt Tariff Schedules Imports Defining a Query You would specify your query by selecting from all dimensions Market Year Nomenclature Tier and Product Click on the Market s selection box and highlight your desired country Next click on the down arrow within the Year selection box and select a year Data Source
113. ation is available B1 Classification by Broad Economic Categories BEC This is a national income accounts classification maintained by the UN BEC is intended to categorize trade statistics into large economic classes of commodities and was developed in such a way as to provide elements that enable the construction of aggregates approximately comparable to those for the three basic classes of goods in the 1968 UN System of National Accounts SNA For detailed information on the international family of classifications and their uses go to the United Nations Statistical Divisions Classifications Registry http esa un org unsd cr This web site also provides the complete structure of the classifications in several languages Other WITS contains four other classifications that are used in the system which are not international standards MTN WTO Multilateral Trade Negotiation MTN aggregations of Agricultural and Industrial Products into broad categories of interest such as Fish and Fish Products Tropical Beverages Transport Equipment Electric Machinery Petroleum etc Also covered are Stages of Processing raw semi and finished product categories each of which is subdivided into agriculture and industry SIC the United States Standard Industrial Classification SIC The SIC is the standard statistical classification for all economic statistics classified by industry It is used to promote
114. ayed in a new window Region Code A01 Selected Developing Countries for Switzerland Bulgaria AO1 203 Czech Republic Estonia Faeroe Islands 3 In the Region Code dropdown list choose the code for which you want to retrieve the list of countries WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Region Code A01 Selected Developing Countries for Switzerland N19 Bosnia Croatia and Macedonia N20 TAG N21 Non MFN Countries for USA N22 AndeanGroup and Central American Common Market N23 COMESA N24 East African Community N25 COMESA Free Trade Area in 2003 N26 SACU Southern African Customs Union N29 Peru and Panama N30 America N31 Developing America N32 LAIA ALADI N33 Andean Pact countries N34 C American Common Market N35 Caribbean Community N36 Eastern Caribbean States N37 MERCOSUR N38 SELA N39 African Growth and Opportunity Act AGOA Preferen N40 Asia N41 Developing Asia N42 Developing S amp 5 E Asia N43 Developing West Asia N44 ASEAN N45 Bangkok Agreement N46 Gulf Co operation Council N47 SAARC N48 Bhutan Maldives Nepal N49 AGOA beneficiaries USA 2002 N50 East Europe WITS returns the list of countries N37 in our example below Region Code N37 MERCOSUR Copying Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the c
115. back to 1962 first year of the database Use the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to navigate through rows and columns respectively For a given country nomenclature year an empty cell indicates missing information That is the case of Albania HS2 2002 for example in the previous screenshot Otherwise the following codes indicate data availability I Imports are available E Exports are available R Re exports are available less frequent You may notice that data are never available for a given nomenclature version prior to a given year for example no information in HS2 prior to 2002 We ll explain in the next topic Converting Nomenclatures Principles page 29 the rationale for this Sorting the COMTRADE Catalog The catalog can be sorted by any column by clicking on the column s label This is particularly useful for identifying countries for which data is available for a given year simply click on the year s label Copying the COMTRADE Catalog You can copy the entire catalog or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Using the mouse select the cells you want to copy 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the COMTRADE Catalog The catalog can
116. be saved as an Excel file by clicking on the Save button at the bottom of the panel Checking Data Availability in TRAINS As described in The Databases page 14 TRAINS contains information on Imports Tariffs and Non Tariff Measures using the HS nomenclature and from 1988 for earliest reporting countries To open the TRAINS catalog 1 Click on Help and Information to open the menu WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics 2 Click on the TRAINS Catalog entry The Help and Information Menu Help and Information COMTRADE Catalog WTO IDB Catalog R WTO CTS Catalog Available Classifications TRAINS Tariff Measures TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries Available Product Concordances Help Wits Information Web Site About WITS The following panel is displayed TRAINS Catalog Country Country Code 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 A ALB 008 cee Ee TN z Algeria DZA 012 alli ole TN NET fT T li I F Angola AGO 024 Ale Antigua and Barbuda ATG 028 5A T T i Ae T Argentina ARG 032 le MET JTN_ T ITN IT IT T IT Armenia ARM 051 AL Australia AUS 036 T Ti es T T Li N fT T Austria AUT 040 Azerbaijan 4ZE 031 ale Bahamas The BHS 044 oT IT Bahrain BHA 048 N T TN Bangladesh BGD 050 al J T MNT T Barbados BRB 052 alls ae T T IT l M Belarus BLA 112 s T ls Belgium BEL 056 Relive R7 NAA T T T IT I f T s lil gt naemen Codes used above mean th
117. bility is displayed in a table with countries in rows and years in columns with the following information 1998 1997 1996 1995 lt Country the reporting country full name ISO3 the reporting country code using the UN ISO3 codification Country Code the reporting country numerical code From there columns list years in reverse order from the latest available year 2003 at the moment and back to 1995 first year of the database Use the horizontal scroll bar to navigate through rows WTO member countries commit and report their final bound tariffs only once Sorting the CTS Catalog The catalog can be sorted by any column by clicking on the column s label This is particularly useful for identifying countries for which data is available for a given year simply click on the year s label Copying the CTS Catalog You can copy the entire catalog or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Using the mouse select the cells you want to copy 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the CTS Catalog The catalog can be saved as an Excel file by clicking on the Save button at the bottom right of th
118. ca Countries Cancel WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities The new group is now included in the list of Regions accessible from Advanced Query s Reporter and Partner dimensions The Country Region window offers additional features to build list of countries Control Result FEE Ctrl Shift The left double arrow moves all countries from the right box Countries to Select From to the left box Member Countries The right single arrow moves the selected country in the left box Member Countries to the right box Countries to Select From The right double arrow moves all countries from the left box Member Countries to the right box Countries to Select From Consequently it empties the list of member countries You can use the control key Ctrl while clicking on country names to select several non adjacent countries before moving them using the left of right single arrow button You can use the Shift key to select several adjacent countries Click on the first country name in the list and then press the Shift key while clicking on the last name in the list It will highlight all countries between the two selected countries Use the left or right arrow buttons to move the block of countries between boxes Editing a country group You may want to edit an existing group either to revise its list of members or to use it as a starting point to create a new group To edit a count
119. can see from the above table most concordances derive from the HS nomenclature since it s the most detailed For more information on each and every nomenclature see Understanding and Exploring Nomenclatures page 16 As you will see later in this course concordances are not available in every WITS module For example the Quick Query modules return data in their native nomenclature only while the Advanced Query module can produce result tables using any derived nomenclature In COMTRADE UNSD automatically converts data in any HS and SITC versions starting from the nomenclature version used by the country to report information Therefore data may be available natively in several nomenclatures versions in COMTRADE If country reports in HS2 data will be also natively available from COMTRADE in HS1 HSO SITC3 SITC2 and SITC1 If another country reports in HSO data will be also natively available in SITC3 SITC2 and SITCi1 only You will be able to compare data for these two countries only by using one of the shared native or derived nomenclatures versions The next topic demonstrates how to check available product concordances in WITS WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics A8 Checking product Concordances in WITS WITS includes an automatic conversion system between several nomenclatures and versions You can therefore display your data using a derived nomenclature version The choice for a nomenclature version is anoth
120. ceeeeeeeaees 117 Defining a Query Non Tariff Measures 00 ice ceececee eter eee e eee eaten tent naeeneinees 119 Understanding Output Data Non Tariff Measures sssssssssssssrrrsssrrrrrrresrns 119 Working with Output Tables cceceee cece eee eee eee eee eee AE a 120 C4 Quick Database Query TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBS scsscssessesees 122 Opening TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBS ccccscccceeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetnaeenenas 122 Defining a Query auinar a vedsea vered hed tas seco ried neck LEE eedaeee ede 123 Understanding Output Data Tariff ScheduleS ssssssssssssssssssrrrrrrssrrrrrrrssrns 125 WITS Help on Data Retrieval Understanding Output Data Paratariff Schedules eceeeeee eee eset eaten enees 126 Understanding Output Data Non Tariff Barriers ccccccceeeeeee eee eeeeeeeneenees 127 Working with Output Tables ccceceee eee eee eee ene ene nena ene eee 128 C5 Quick Database Query WTO View and Export Raw Data s 0 129 Opening WTO View and Export Raw Data ceccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneaeenenas 129 Defining a Query oeie cree nces eds eeddeiea ced dete uddee eu veds hava ta dies nedveeva eed aes tee eees 130 Understanding and Exporting Output Data c cc cccceeeeeee eee ee eset eeeeeeeneenees 130 C6 Quick Database Query WTO Integrated DatabasSe csscsecsecseeseesees 133 Opening WTO Integrated Database sssssssrrsssrsrrrrrssrrrrrrntnsnrrrrnnnnen
121. code used until 2001 i e in HS 1988 92 and HS 1996 1996 Product code used since 1996 i e in HS 1996 and HS 2002 1996 2001 Product code used between 1996 and 2001 i e in HS 1996 only Consequences of HS combined on product selection and results For any item selection at HS 2 digit or 4 digit any cluster or pre defined aggregate selection usage of HS Combined is transparent and produces results based on the native HS version used by each reporter A given 6 digit level product may correspond to different product codes in the various HS versions Therefore if dealing with several reporters possibly reporting in different HS versions or several years a same country may report in different HS versions from year to year make sure the selected code is common to all HS versions or select all codes corresponding to the chosen product For example if one wants to retrieve all occurrences of the product corresponding to 010190 in HS2 one must also select 010120 its equivalent in HSO and HS1 WITS will return results for 010190 or 010120 depending on the HS version used by each reporter Available Product Concordances in Help and Information provides with all concordances at the 6 digit level Annex 2 WITS Interface Components This section gathers information about user interface elements used in WITS and explains how to use them Buttons A button is a 3 D control on the screen that looks like it s pushed in when you click
122. d cocoa preparations OE 19 Prep of cereal flour starch milk pastrycooks DS 20 Prep of vegetable fruit nuts or other parts of CI 21 Miscellaneous edible preparations O 2101 Extracts essences and concentrates of coffee tea or mat and 6 2102 Yeasts active or inactive other single cell micro organisms dea amp 2103 Sauces and preparations therefor mixed condiments and mixed i J amp 2104 Soups and broths and preparations therefor homogenised compo JS 2105 Ice cream and other edible ice whether or not containing cocoa amp 2106 Food preparations not elsewhere specified or included Q 22 Beverages spirits and vinegar CS 23 Residues amp waste from the food indust prepr ani QA 24 Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes Horizontal scroll bar a Scroll bars vertical or horizontal are composed of 3 elements We use a horizontal scroll bar in the example below but the description would be exactly the same for a vertical one eee 3 2 4 The scroll bar shaft provides the visual context for the scroll box Clicking in the scroll bar shaft scrolls the information by a screenful Vertical scroll bar 5 The scroll handle is the component of a scroll bar that indicates the relative position and optionally the proportion of the visible information relative to the entire amount of information You can drag the scroll box to view areas of information not currently visible 6 The scroll arrow butto
123. d for a given year in only one revision HS88 92 HO HS96 H1 or HS2002 H2 combining these different revisions enables users to choose products without having to know in which nomenclature a particular country reports in a particular year You select products in HS combined WITS returns results in the native HS version See About WITS HS Combined Nomenclature page 199 for detailed presentation WITS derived nomenclatures these are all other nomenclatures included in WITS and which data are converted to by using the concordance files WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data To select a nomenclature 1 Open the Nomenclature dropdown list 1 Click on the desired nomenclature Nomenclature Select product by HS Combined 7 Items C Clusters Aggregates Search HS Combined ISIC Revision 2 fible meat offal ISIC Revision 3 pics bcean mollusc amp other aquatic invert MTN Categories SIC SITC Revision 1 The product classification corresponding to the selected nomenclature is displayed in the product selection area as materialized below by the two red rectangles Select product by items Clusters Aggregates Search TJS Total trade 1S 01 Live animals amp 02 Meat and edible meat offal 1 03 Fish amp crustacean mollusc amp other aquatic invert 1S 04 Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey edible pr OS 05 Products of animal origin nes or included O
124. d missing but 2004 and 2002 are available WITS will take 2004 which is as close to 2003 as 2002 but later than 2003 Choose from earlier years only selects the closest year available after the initially selected one For example if 2003 is selected and missing but 2004 and 2000 are available WITS will take 2000 which is earlier than 2003 Choose from later years only selects the closest year available after the initially selected one For example if 2003 is selected and missing but 2005 and 2002 are available WITS will take 2005 which is later than 2003 In addition No more than 2 years from the NA year can be checked to allow controlling that years too far from the initial selection will not be used as replacement The gap value 2 years by default can be changed by using the up and down arrow buttons Adjust NA Values Replace N with a year that has data Use the nearest year earlier year wins ties C Use the nearest year later year wins ties Choose from earlier years only Choose from later years only No more than 2 years from the NA year Cancel OK Choose a rule and click on OK to apply it The Check Change Data Availability window reflects the adjustment Choose from later years only was selected in this example T Check Change Data Applicability Seg Market reporter 2003 1 Albania 2005 2 Algeria 3 Angola 2005 4 Antigua and Barbuda Cancel Adjust NA Cl
125. da ATG Argentina ARG Armenia ARM v Unselect All Select All Regions 30 countries from the OECD OECD a All countries All i All high income OECD plus non OEC ANDEAN country group ANDEAN Caribbean Community members CAF DAC DAC Developed countries DEV DEV EEC15 EECI5 v The Reporters Markets panel contains two lists The Available markets list allows you to select individual countries by placing a checkmark in the check box to the left of each country Go through the list of all existing countries by using the vertical scrollbar to the right of the selection box As you select new countries their names will appear in the query definition tree under the Reporters Markets folder To delete a previously selected country click on the box with a checkmark _ Select al Select all individual countries in a single click Unselect All ees ite ds Unselect Al Reset your individual country selections The Regions list is where you can select from pre defined group aggregates or your own customized groups Place a checkmark next to the desired country group s Use the scroll bar to the right of the selection box to view all existing country aggregates As you select new groups their names will appear in the query definition tree under the Reporters Markets folder To delete a previously selected region s click on the box with a checkmark In Advanced Query a region or group of country can be used to o Select
126. delimited and a name B6 Quick Database Query TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs option within Quick Database Query allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve the tariffs import values and non tariff measures NTMs for a single tariff line reporting country and year This topic focuses on trade data retrieval For information about using this tool to retrieve protection information see Quick Database Query TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs page 122 in Working with protection data page 105 As explained in Background and principles about trade information page 36 TRAINS contains more detailed information on imports tariff line level versus HS 6 digit level but a narrower coverage in terms of country period compared with information retrieved from COMTRADE This query module is particularly useful if you want to retrieve a country s trading partners or competitors on a selected market for a specific product line Opening TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs To open TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs 1 Click on Quick Database Query tab 2 Click on the TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs entry WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS view and Export Raw Data hs TRAINS User Cr
127. e customized with a lot of flexibility WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data To customize an Advanced Query output table 1 Open the table from the Status window 2 On the output window click on the Alter View button to open the Query View Designer window which allows customizing the output Alter View button e Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited Selected Nomen Reporte SSOSCS S Reporter Name SSS Partner Tally Selected Items m Data Transposing Pivoting Settings _ F Use Last Two Selected Columns to Pivot Data where Presentation Variableis j To be shown as Cell Content Base Variable is sd To be shown as Columns I A A A 9 4 xI All other Selected Columns will be used as Row Attributes M Show Data in Descending Time Order Cancel Ok Adding and Removing columns The first change you can make in your table is to add or remove columns The Query View Designer window lists all fields of information columns to be included in the output table Long Names Can be Edited Selected Nomen Native Nomen Reporter aa 4 ReporterName Patner Partner Name Tanit Yea xI lt I xI WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data The list contains three columns Heading we will discuss this column in the next section
128. e following KIG Save Data availability is displayed in a table with countries in rows and years in columns with the following information Imports Country the reporting country full name J SO3 the reporting country code using the UN ISO3 codification Country Code the reporting country numerical code From there columns list years in reverse order from the latest available year 2005 at the moment and back to 1988 first year of the database Use the horizontal and vertical scroll bars to navigate through rows and columns respectively For a given country year an empty cell indicates missing information That is the case of Angola 2005 in the example above The following codes indicate data availability in T Tariffs WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics N Non Tariff Measures I Imports Sorting the TRAINS Catalog The catalog can be sorted by any column by clicking on the column s label This is particularly useful for identifying countries for which data is available for a given year simply click on the year s label Copying the TRAINS Catalog You can copy the entire catalog or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Co
129. e has its own product structure and level of details Nomenclatures can be categorized into two groups COMTRADE native nomenclatures these are the ones used in COMTRADE to store and organize information namely SITC revision 1 2 and 3 and HS 1988 92 1996 and 2002 WITS derived nomenclatures these are nomenclatures included in WITS for which information is not natively reported in COMTRADE but to which information are converted by using the concordance files For any selected reporter and time period your query will return results only if products are available in COMTRADE for the selected nomenclature or if a concordance table exists between a native nomenclature and the selected derived nomenclature For example no results will be returned in HS 2002 if you select any year prior to 2002 The reason is that the concordance files do not convert HS 2002 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data codes to nomenclature files that existed prior to HS 2002 However there may be concordance files converting HS 2002 to previous nomenclatures To select a nomenclature 1 Open the Nomenclature dropdown list 2 Click on the desired nomenclature Nomenclature SITC Revision 1 H ISIC Revision 2 ISIC Revision 3 MTN Categories The product classification corresponding to the selected nomenclature is displayed in the product selection area Products can be selected using through four mode
130. e largest of these programs is the Generalised System of Preferences GSP which was initiated in the 1960s The European Union Japan United States offer multiple unilateral preference programs The EU s Everything But Arms EBA program is one example Exporting countries may have access to several different preference programs from a given importing partner and for a given product Bound Tariffs Bound tariffs are specific commitments made by individual WTO member governments The bound tariff is the maximum MEN tariff level for a given commodity line When countries join the WTO or when WTO members negotiate tariff levels with each other during trade rounds they make agreements about bound tariff rates rather than actually applied rates WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Bound tariffs are not necessarily the rate that a WTO member applies in practice to other WTO members products Members have the flexibility increase or decrease their tariffs on a non discriminatory basis so long as they didn t raise them above their bound levels If one WTO member raises applied tariffs above their bound level other WTO members can take the country to dispute settlement If the country did not reduced applied tariffs below their bound levels other countries could request compensation in the form of higher tariffs of their own In other words the applied tariff is less than or equal to the bound tariff in
131. e panel A7 Converting nomenclatures Principles For a given country period the nomenclature version used to organize data is called the native nomenclature There may be cases where you want to use an alternative nomenclature to produce results in a more practical way Alternative nomenclatures are called derived nomenclatures Data to be exposed using a derived nomenclature must go through a process to convert from the native nomenclature version to the derived nomenclature version WITS offers a lot of flexibility for converting data into other derived nomenclatures Data can be converted from a more detailed nomenclature version to a less detailed one Example of conversion Nomenclature A Nomenclature B Product 1 Product 2 Product a Product 3 Product 4 Product b As presented in the above table products 1 2 and 3 from nomenclature A are allocated to product a in nomenclature B while product 4 from nomenclature A is allocated to product b in nomenclature B WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics Available Concordances Derived Nomenclatures Cc Native TIET 4 4 3 o A O z a A Nomenclature A 8 Q N 2 5 2 D 2 A Q Q O HS2 vilvilvivilvjyvlyivi lyvijyijyvivyviy HS1 vivtvivivjyvjlyvlivilyvi yvyivwiy HSO viv vyvi lyvivi yvyipyvityvijyjvily SITC3 SITC2 v v SITC1i v SITC nomenclatures are native in COMTRADE database only As you
132. e product descriptions As shown below a Description column is added next to the Product Code column To remove the description column uncheck Show product descriptions box WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Product Code Description Partner ISO3 Partner Name Trade Value 000 Total USA USA PR USYI 44 747 834 112 Nuclear reactors boilers mchy amp mech app USA USA PRUSY 7 929 372 452 Electrical mchy equip parts thereof sound r USA USA PR USYI 7 823 111 634 Optical photo cine meas checking preci USA USA PR_LUSYI 3 474 046 736 Dil seed oleagi fruits miscell grain seed USA USA PRLUSYI 3 392 187 033 Aircraft spacecraft and parts thereof USA USA PRLUSYI 2 520 479 458 Plastics and articles thereof USA USA PR_LUSYI 2 385 274 891 Organic chemicals USA USA PRLUSYI 2 271 578 468 Cotton USA USA PRLUSVI 1 775 542 484 Pulp of wood of other fibrous cellulosic mat USA USA PR_LUSYI 1 299 476 629 Miscellaneous chemical products USA USA PRLUSYI 914 104 111 Iron and steel USA USA PRLUSVI 878 863 432 Raw hides and skins other than furskins a USA USA PRLUSYI 774 642 977 Cereals USA USA PR US I 648 537 675 y Total rows 98 Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection
133. e taken into account traded or not When the data source is TRAINS WITS automatically goes for alternative trade information COMTRADE COMTRADE Inverted Trade or WTO IDB if not available in TRAINS When the data source is WTO IDB WITS uses only WTO IDB trade information to build results unless Use alternative source if trade is missing in WTO IDB is checked If the box is checked WITS follows the same rules as for TRAINS and seek for alternative trade information to build results The Tariff Tab Click on the Tariff tab to display the Tariff panel eo WITS Query My first query General Optional Indices Tariff Measures Duty Types Selection Include MFN Bound rates Include MFN Applied rates Include Preferential rates Include Effectively Applied rates Use AVE NotSelected w F Use the latest available pear Change Year Baskets The Tariff panel offers the following options Duty Types Selection Check the boxes to include corresponding tariff types in the results Include MFN Bound rates WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Include MFN Applied rates Include Preferential rates Include Effectively Applied rates effectively applied rate is defined as the minimum tariff granted by a reporter to a partner for the considered product Effectively Applied tariff is equal to the MFN Applied tariff unless a Preferential tariff exists WITS will return a separate row for each
134. e text to be searched 4 Click the Search button 5 Search Product Search Results Number of Matching Product Description Number of Selected Product s In the Search Results table select products you want to include Preparations for the treatment of textile materials leather fursk Preparations for the treatment of textile materials leather fursk Photographic plates and film in the flat sensitised unexposed Photographic film in rolls sensitised unexposed of any materi Photographic paper paperboard and textiles sensitised unex Photographic plates film paper paperboard and textiles expt Photographic plates film paper paperboard and textiles expc Finishing agents dye carriers to accelerate the dyeing or fixing Of a kind used in the textile or ike industries 2001 Reinforced or otherwise combined only with textile 1996 Reinforced only with textile materials ill WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Selecting Partners Trade partners are countries which export to the selected reporters and possibly face tariff protection when entering the market For example if Argentina is reporter and Brazil is partner WITS will return tariff faced by Brazil entering Argentina s market Click on Partner Countries to display the corresponding selection panel The partner selection is exactly the same as reporter country selection Partner countries World WLD Afghanistan A
135. e than 100 is the number of tariff line level lines with tariff above 100 SumRateByWghtTrdValue is the sum of 6 digit level tariffs multiplied by their respective trade value SumWghtTrdValue4NotNull is the sum of 6 digit level trade values where tariff is not null Free Imports is the trade value facing a 0 tariff Dutiable Imports is the trade value facing a tariff above 0 Specific Duty Imports is the trade value facing a non Ad Valorem tariff Changing columns order You can also change columns order using the Query View Designer This will also alter rows order since the table is sorted according to the columns order WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data To change columns order 1 2 Open the Query View Designer Click on Tally Selected Items This command brings all selected columns at the top of the list This is feature you can use anytime to clearly identify selected columns as well as their order in the table In the list we used previously click on the name of the column you want to move The column should be highlighted in light blue and column should be checked as Tariff Year in the example below Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited Selected Nomen Reporter 0 Ponner 0 Tait Yer SS Trade Year Trade Souce Product ss Tally Selected Items aa xI aa 4 xI Use the large up and down
136. ee as long as the imports are used as inputs into the production of exports Traditional EPZs are fenced in industrial estates specializing in manufacturing for exports Modern ones have flexible rules that may permit domestic sales upon payment of duties when leaving the zone EPZs generally also provide a liberal regulatory environment for the firms involved as well as infrastructure services F Final Bound The value of the Bound tariff at the end of the implementation period Concessions offered in GATT negotiations are sometimes staged over a period of several years before the concession is fully implemented Until then there may be a current bound used as ceiling for the current MFN Applied tariff higher than the final Bound final commitment Finished Products The third stage of processing in the measurement of tariff escalation Finished products are processed products which can be sold to consumers without further processing Fiscal Tax A tax which is levied on imported products as well as on domestically produced goods to generate revenue A fiscal tax is therefore not equivalent to a customs tariff duty since it has no protective effects Fiscal taxes are sometimes included in the customs tariff duties In such cases the fiscal element of the duty is deducted from the tariff duty Only the protective part of the duty is recorded in the IDB tariff files FOB See Free On Board Foreign Trade Zone An area within a country
137. eeds in terms of details HS nomenclatures offer more details but less country period coverage than SITC ones These nomenclatures are all hierarchical in structure That is they are all constructed to go from very low levels of aggregation to successively higher ones For example HS96 is a 6 digit classification Sub Headings which can be collapsed into 4 digits Headings and 2 digits Chapters We select HS 1988 92 as displayed in the screen below Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988792 v Tier Chapter al 2digti Fow imports 7 HS 1988 92 HS 1996 We Pounty Albania Yea 2004 View data dSITC Revision 1 ty lt AlPatnes gt v SITC Revision 2 SITC Revision 3 m Show prod descriptions Next select from the Tier box This option allows you to define which level of aggregation of the data you would like to see In case of HS classification you can select from Sub Heading 6 digit Heading 4 digit or Chapter 2 digit If you select SITC classifications Tier will consist of 1 digit 2 digit 3 digit 4 digit and 5 digit product codes Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988 92 Tier Chapter all 2 digit Flow Imports rE All products Reporting County KEER Year 2004 View data Heading all 4 digit Hb r Show product Partner Country Sub Heading all 6 digi descriptions Next select from the Flow box imports exports or re exports Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988 92 Tie Chapter al 2 di
138. eeeeeeeeeeeee 199 Annex 2 WITS Interface Components ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeseeseeeeesseeseeseseenee 200 Annex 3 WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts scsscssesseseeseesseeee 208 Annex 4 Glossary of Trade and Market Protection Related Terms 214 WITS Help on Data Retrieval Introduction This document introduces you to the World Integrated Trade Solution WITS The manual gives an overview of the product introduces conceptual information about trade and market access and shows you how to build queries and retrieve data through a series of demonstrations and examples This volume covers WITS features regarding data retrieval Quick and Advanced Queries A separate document discusses WITS simulation tools The information in this manual is designed for all users but beginners and intermediate users would notably benefit from the very detailed step by step explanations How to use this manual This document is divided into four parts WITS Basics module 1 presents a general introduction to WITS and some very fundamental information about included databases It is therefore highly recommended even to those who have been already using WITS Working with Trade Data module 2 explains how to retrieve and analyze trade data from the various databases within WITS Working with Protection Data module 3 mostly focuses on how to retrieve and analyze tariff data from the various databases within WITS
139. eeneeneeeeeeeeaseaseaseseeanenseasensens 12 The FIVE Menu S ianea a eiar aAa EENE VAATEAKEN NAANA NAANA leant ected le 13 A4 Databases Principles data and COverage ssssssssssunnnnnnunnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 14 Database content and coverages armaan anna aa a EEA a ai 15 A5 Understanding and Exploring Nomenclatures sccseseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 16 Exploring nomenclatUreS cece eee eee eee eee niani n aN nena nena aan aniaui 17 Available nomenclatures in WITS ccceeeeeeee eset terete eee teen e eee eae ee ea ee es 19 A6 Checking Data Availability Catalogs in WITS ccccsscssessesneseeseeeeees 21 Checking Data Availability in COMTRADE c cceeeee eect estates teens teen ea eees 21 Checking Data Availability in TRAINS e cee eee cence ee eee teens eee ee tae ee teens 23 Checking Data Availability in WTO IDB 0c ciee eee eee eee ee eee teen eee ee teens 25 Checking Data Availability in WTO CTS cecceeeee cece e renee eee reeset ne teense eeed 27 A7 Converting nomenclatures Principles c ccscceeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeaeae 29 A8 Checking product Concordances in WITS sccccsecesseeeeeeeeeeeeeueeeeneneneee 31 Concordance Table Content Description sssssssssssssrrrrrssrrrrrrnrsrrrrrrnnnserrrnnn 33 Sorting a CONCOrdANCE CADIS iv ce teeri ie Cake eee weds Vee Clk AA TEL 33 Saving a concordance table cece cece eee eee eee eee eee 33 B WORKING WITH TR
140. eep using the same reporter for the full period if you build time series For example if Rwanda s imports from USA are missing for some selected years and you want a complete time series it is better to rely on USA exports to Rwanda for each and every year even if Rwanda s imports from USA is available for some of them Otherwise year to year trade value variations may reflect a shift from USA to Rwanda as a reporter rather than actual variations in trade flows Exports versus Re exports in COMTRADE In addition to Exports UNSD also records a flow called Re exports included in exports WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Imports versus Re imports in COMTRADE In addition to imports UNSD recently introduced re imports as trade flow Re imports is included in imports Using World as a Reporter In Advanced Query COMTRADE as data source using All countries aggregate as reporter return inconsistent time series Indeed All countries means all available countries and you will end up with different bundle of countries for different years Therefore it is better approach to check number of countries for which data is available for all the years of interest and form a group consisting of only those countries to be used as a reporter This way you will assure that you have consistent time series and data would be something between 85 to 90 of actual world trade European Union and Trade Statistics E
141. elect Data Type Tats Raw Data l Repone Abars You 05s ha fees T aiis Adal Equv O lt ANT arite Total Brel AVE Select the country for which you want to retrieve tariffs in Reporter You will notice that Reporter offers a short list of countries 7 those for which AVEs have been calculated WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Select Data Type Ta AdValEquy Ory Reporter Antraks l You moo Hopefully these countries are the largest markets and or users of non ad valorem tariffs Select a year in the Year list As seen previously year availability depends on the selected reporter Again since AVEs need to be estimated availability is limited to a single year in most cases Select Data Type Tat ANa Ega Ory Repote Canada l o gt Ssi pa OO A ri F Show Product Description Select from the list of Duty Codes You can select either one specific tariff structures MFN for example at a time or all of them by selecting All Duty Codes However retrieving all duty codes in one query is not recommended since the output will be a table that is very large and difficult to manage Select Data Type Tats ANa Ega Ory v Reporter Canada You KAI DuyCodes gt Traer CALE dene Medo v View Data AVEs were estimated by UNCTAD using two different methods as described before see Ad Valorem Equivalents of non Ad Valorem Tariffs page 112 in Background on
142. ells to be copied 2 Press Ctrl C to copy or right click on the selection and choose Copy in the menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts for more detailed information WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes E ANNEXES WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Annex 1 About WITS HS Combined Nomenclature The HS Combined is WITS internal nomenclature used for product selection only when dealing with tariff data in Advanced Query or WITS Analytical Tools HS Combined combines all revisions of HS As a country reports its tariff scheduled for a given year in only one revision HS88 92 HO HS96 H1 or HS2002 H2 combining these different revisions enables users to choose products without having to know in which nomenclature a particular country reports in a particular year One selects products in HS combined and WITS returns results in the native HS version The screenshot below is an excerpt of the HS Combined structure HS Combined structure with Heading 0101 expanded JS Total trade OIG 01 Live animals mig 0101 Live horses asses mules and hinnies OE 010110 2002 Purebred breeding animals COB 010111 2001 Horses Pure bred breeding animals OE 010119 2001 Horses Other OB 010120 2001 Asses mules and hinnies OE 010190 2002 Other
143. ent tariff lines under the HS sub heading 950611 Skis WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data HS Code TLL Codes TLL Code Description 9506 11 95061120 95061140 95061160 Skis cross country snow skis skis snow skis o than cross country Parts and accessories oAhan poles for snow skis Some countries disaggregate tariff lines even further for statistical purposes For example the U S tariff line is disaggregated to 8 digits Forms of Import Tariffs Regardless of whether a tariff is bound or applied on preferential versus non discriminatory basis the tariff can take several forms The most common is an ad valorem tariff which means that the customs duty is calculated as a percentage of the value of the product Many countries tariff schedules also include a variety of non ad valorem tariffs Specific tariffs are computed on the physical quantity of the good being imported e g Australia s 2005 schedule includes a tariff of 1 22 kg on certain types of cheeses and the United States charges 0 68 per live goat The physical quantity may be expressed in ways that are difficult to determine without laboratory equipment The European Union charges duties on certain dairy products based on the weight of lactic matter in the product and the United States charges a tariff on raw cane sugar that varies with the sucrose content of sugar 1 4606 cents kg less
144. er Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data E Query Data Selections for CMT amp Reporters Markets E Brazil BRA E Turkey TUR B United States USA E Nafta NAFTA Products HS 1996 E 0301 Live fish B 030410 Fresh or chilled d Partner Countries Years Trade Flow Note that you can shift to another nomenclature anytime and select further items Your selection will then include items from different nomenclatures as reproduced below HS 1996 and GTAP selections E Query Data Selections for CMT amp Reporters Markets E Brazil BRA Ei Turkey TUR E United States USA E Nafta NAFTA Products amp HS 1996 E 0301 Live fish EB 030410 Fresh or chilled amp GTAP EB 14 FSH Fishing Partner Countries Years Trade Flow Selecting products by cluster Cluster selection is a shortcut for selecting all same level product categories in one click The available clusters depend on the selected nomenclature In the case of HS nomenclature for example 3 levels of categories are available 2 digit 4 digit and 6 digit levels WITS will then return information for each and every category belonging to the selected cluster s WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data To select product by cluster 1 Select the desired classification in the Nomenclature list 2 Select Clusters in Select product by 3 Check the cluster you want to include
145. er important step when working with WITS Indeed if you want data to be consistent among several years and or countries and or types of data trade tariffs NTMs you need to pay particular attention to the nomenclature version you choose The general rule here is that you must choose a common nomenclature version for all selected years countries and or types of data To check available product concordances 1 Click on Help and Information to open the menu 2 Click on the Available Product Concordances entry The Help and Information Menu Help and Information COMTRADE Catalog TRAINS Catalog WTO IDB Catalog WTO CTS Catalog Available Classifications TRAINS Tariff Measures TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries Available Product Concordances Help Wits Information Web Site About WITS The following panel is displayed Select concordance lt select required concordance gt x Presenting default data view Save WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics 3 From the Select required Concordance dropdown list select your desired concordance lt select required concordance gt lt select required concordance gt HS 1988 to GTAP HS 1988 to WTO MTN HS 1968 92 to BEC Broad Economic Categories HS 1988 92 to CCCN HS 1988 92 to CPC HS 1988 92 to ISIC Revision 2 HS 1988 92 to ISIC Revision 3 HS 1988 to GTAP concordance file is displayed Select concordance HS 1988 to GTAP gt e GP
146. escription column is added right after the Product Code column Uncheck Show product descriptions to remove that column if necessary Note compared with tariff line CTS product descriptions are HS standardized in this tool Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name C9a Advanced Query on TRAINS IDB Introduction The Advanced Query tool gives users the ability to construct sophisticated queries using the data available in COMTRADE TRAINS and WTO IDB databases In this module we are covering the data retrieval from TRAINS and WTO IDB databases only COMTRADE being trade oriented database In principle Advanced Queries work the same way as Quick Queries you define query parameters and submit your job t
147. ets a preferential treatment more favorable than GSP in general duty free treatment with no limitations Licensing of imports or exports Practice requiring approval to be granted by the relevant government authority or by a body designated by such authority as a prior condition to importing or exporting Automatic licensing Where approval is freely granted for example licensing for keeping statistical records Non automatic licensing Where approval is not freely granted This may be used as a restriction itself or it may be used to administer a quota The license may be subject to certain conditions being met for example a requirement to export the use to which the imported good is to be put the purchase of a specified quantity of the domestically produced like product or the availability on the domestic market of the domestically produced like product Discretionary licensing Non automatic licensing see above Local or domestic content requirements See Content Lom Agreement Agreement was between the EU and the ACP countries on trade concessions GSP treatment development aid and general cooperation Replaced by the Cotonou Agreement in 2000 M Margin Of Preference The difference between the duty paid on an MFN basis and the duty paid under a preferential system Market Access Refers to the conditions under which imports compete with domestically produced WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval A
148. etween the various countries of origin destination QR See Quantitative Restriction Quantitative Restrictions QR Restriction which limits the value or quantity of goods which can be imported or exported during a given period Quantity Unit The volume of imports is recorded in the statistical file The unit used to express import volumes varies according to the product and according to the reporter The quantity unit used is therefore attached to quantity data in the import statistics The quantity unit is also used in the normalized code for specific duties Quota See Quantitative Restriction R Re Export The export of imported goods without appreciable added value Mostly used for WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes goods which are transported through another country before reaching their final destination Reference Price See Maximum Minimum Price System Region In WITS refers to a group of countries used either to produce aggregated statistics or as a shortcut to select all countries belonging to that group Reporter A country supplying data Reporting Country See Reporter Request Offer Procedure Negotiating procedure based on the tabling by each party of a list of concessions requested of other parties followed by an offer list of the concessions that could be granted if its request were met Retaliation Imposition of a trade barrier in response to another country increasing its level of tr
149. f products and retrieve tariff data for each and every product in the range 7 Click on the Save button to save your range E The Save button Example range selection 9 Define Product Range Selec Hangos ECE Range Name My First Range Description gt IMy First Range 0103 0106 Nomenclature Combined Harmonized System Nomenclatures Tier Heading z FistProduct o3 Last Product S Include Children Products SELECTING PRODUCTS BY AGGREGATE Aggregates are groups of heterogeneous product categories that are either pre defined in WITS or defined by you using the Create Product Groups utility see Building and Managing Product Groups page 188 for information This way you can select many products in one click instead of manually selecting each and every item included in the group To select a product aggregate 1 Select the desired classification in the Nomenclature list 2 Select Aggregates in Select product by WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data 3 Check the box for the desired product aggregate Select product by HS Combined C Items Chistes Aggregates Search COMESA CET1 COMESA Raw materials COMESA CET2 COMESA Intermediate goods COMESA CET3 COMESA Consumer goods C COMESA CET4 COMESA Capital goods i T i gg 600 _Indus WTO HS Industrial etroleun CI WTOTEX WTO Textile and Clothing WTOTEX1 WTO Te
150. for each WTO member in the database when the country reported its bound tariffs to the WTO Select Data Type Nomenciatre Code HS 1936 l F Show Product Description Next select a HS version in Nomenclature Code By default WITS displays the native version from which the national tariff structure is derived HS 1996 in our example but you can select another version if needed WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Finally click on View Data to retrieve results Understanding and Exporting Output Data Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server and displays results in the table as demonstrated below NOOOOCOONOS w 1999 010511 H ELEI EUN EuopesnUnon 1993 010512 HI ELE EUN EuopeanUnon 1999 010519 HI 8 EUN EunopesnUnon 1993 010592 HI 38 EUN EuopesnUnon 1993 010593 HI a8 EUN EusopesnUnon 1993 010539 H1 E EUN EusopeanUnen 1993 010600 34 64 HI ng EUN EuopeanUnen 1999 020110 HI ng EUN EuopeanUnen 1999 020120 HI 8 EUN EuopeanUnen 1999 020190 The query above retrieved the HS 6 digit aggregated bound tariffs based on tariff line level bound information reported by European Union A HS 6 digit line with no value 010511 in the example above includes non ad valorem bound tariffs only The result table contains the following fields column headings WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Column Heading NomenCode CountryC
151. formation is organized in rows and contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Nomen is the nomenclature used Reporter is the 3 digit alphabetic country code for reporters Reporter Name is the full name of the reporting country Partner is the 3 digit alphabetic country code for partners Partner Name is the full name of the partner country Year is the year of the data Product is the product code based on your selected product nomenclature Product Name provides the description for each product code Flow name is the name of the trade flow Trade Value is given in thousands of US dollars Rows are sorted first by Nomenclature then by Reporter Partner Year Product and Flow This table can t be sorted by clicking on a column s heading You will see in the next topic how to customize the output table Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen m Doing so opens a Windows Save
152. g with Protection Data Tariff Tariff 6D Average 4D Simple Simple Tariff Line Level level Tariff level Average Line Average 01010110 5 Pree 5 5 2 01010120 5 5 0101 5 10 2 5 5 10 3 7 5 6 66 01010210 10 010102 10 1 10 Variance is a statistical measure of how widely tariffs are dispersed Sum of rates is the sum of tariffs calculated at tariff line level Sum_Of_SAvgRates_Cases is the sum of 6 digit level simple average tariffs Sum_Of_Squared_Rates is the sum of tariff line level squared tariff values Nbr of AVE lines is the number of tariff line level lines with estimated Ad Valorem Equivalents of non Ad Valorem tariffs Nbr of NA lines is the number of tariff line level lines with no Ad Valorem tariff non Ad Valorem tariffs unless missing duties Nbr of Free lines is the number of tariff line level lines with 0 tariff Nbr of Dutiable lines is the number of tariff line level lines with tariff above 0 Nbr of lines 0 to 5 is the number of tariff line level lines with tariff between 0 and 5 Nbr of lines 5 to 10 is the number of tariff line level lines with tariff between 5 and 10 Nbr of lines 10 to 20 is the number of tariff line level lines with tariff between 10 and 20 Nbr of lines 20 to 50 is the number of tariff line level lines with tariff between 20 and 50 Nbr of lines 50 to 100 is the number of tariff line level lines with tariff between 50 and 100 Nbr of lines mor
153. gional agreement for example the countries belonging to the group can be identified using another WITS tool see Using TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries page 195 Name is the name of the country facing the displayed tariff structure World when MEN tariff is selected AdValorem is the value of the ad valorem tariff if any in MeasureCode is the code for the considered duty 002 for MFN applied tariff for example MeasureName returns the name for the considered tariff structure NonAdValorem returns the description for the non ad valorem tariff if any 10 2 93 1 EUR 100 kg net for example in the screenshot above Affected lists countries to which the considered protection applies The screenshot above displays the MFN applied tariff structure of European Union for the year 2005 For example EU MFN applied tariff is 7 7 for product code 0101109010 There are total of 14982 MFN applied tariff lines based on national tariff line level 10 digit classification as shown at the bottom of the table Defining a Query Ad Valorem Equivalent Tariffs Ad Valorem equivalent tariffs AVEs are retrieved as estimated by UNCTAD This data type offers more limited country period coverage than raw tariff data In Select Data Type choose Tariff AdVal Equiv Only to retrieve only tariff lines with estimated AVEs or Tariff Total Incl AVEs if you want to retrieve all tariff lines including AVE estimation when relevant S
154. given product category or product group If both the reporter and the partner are individual country and the considered product is a product category WITS counts one flow and return 1 as Row Count If now the reporter is a group of 4 countries partner is a group of 3 and product is an aggregate made of 2 product categories then the maximum number of flows would be 24 4 3 2 In that case a Row Count of 24 means each and every individual reporter trades on the 2 product categories with each and every partner Below example shows the result when Reporter Name and Partner Name are unchecked WITS View Custom Query Results Year Product Product Name Total Trade Import Pharmaceutical products Impost Total Trade Impait Pharmaceutical products Impost Total Trade Impost Pharmaceutical products Impost Total Trade Impost Edible offal of bovine arimals swi Impoit at and edible offal of the pout Impost Changing columns order You can also change columns order using the Query View Designer This will alter rows order since the table is sorted according to the columns order To change columns order 1 Open the Query View Designer 2 Click on Tally Selected Items This command brings all selected columns at the top of the list This is feature you can use anytime in Query View Designer to clearly identify selected columns as well as their order in the table 3 In the list we used previously click on the name of the colum
155. groups of products and countries C2 Background on Trade Policy Measures in WITS This section of the module introduces you to different the different types of protection data that are available through WITS We will cover the following issues the different types of tariffs bound vs applied MFN vs preferential importance of binding coverage and binding overhangs different forms of tariff rates ad valorem specific compound and using WITS to estimate ad valorem equivalents types of non tariff measures available through WITS Sources of Protection Data WITS includes three databases that contain protection data disaggregated to the tariff line level UNCTAD s Trade Analysis Information System TRAINS WTO s Integrated Database IDB WTO s Consolidated Tariff Schedules database CTS The matrix below shows the different measures that each of these databases currently contains plus the number of countries for which the database has information You can identify the coverage for each given year by looking at the catalogs under the Help and Information menu WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Information available in each database MEN applied Preferential WTO bound Non tariff tariffs applied tariffs tariffs measures TRAINS 161 88 95 91 IDB 120 43 CTS 131 Note figures represent the number of countries for which the source database has information Types of Tariffs Mos
156. gti v FIO imports Imposts Reporting County Albania Year View data Re Exports Show product Partner Country lt allPatners gt he rana lt All Patners gt Now you select from the Reporting Country list These are countries who have reported their data to United Nations Statistical Department UNSD for the selected nomenclature Simply select the desired country China in the example below You can select only one reporting country from the list WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988 92 v Tie Chapter al 2 digti Flo imports Reporting Country Albania gt Year 2004 View data Costa Rica Next step is to select the desired year Click on the down arrow in the Year selection box and select 2004 Note that depending on the selected nomenclature and reporting country the list of available years varies In case of China the data is available for years 1992 2004 based on the HS 1988 92 nomenclature Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988 92 v Tie Chapter al 2digti Flow imports Reporting Country China 7 Year 2004 gt View data Show product Partner Country r w ations lt An Paitners gt If we change our reporting country to Comoros available years of data will change to 1995 2000 based on the HS 1988 92 nomenclature as seen in the screen capture below Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988 92 v Tie Chapte
157. harmaceutical products Food SITC O0 1 22 4 Food SITC 0 1 22 4 Food SITC O 1 2244 Year and Reporter columns were removed from the table and replaced with corresponding dropdown lists located right above the table There is now one separate table for each Year and for each Reporter This feature allows producing smaller table less rows focusing on a specific type of information here a specific year and reporter To display another table select another year and or reporter from the dropdown lists WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data WITS View Custom Query Results Import Import Total Trade Import Edible offal of bovine animals sws Import Meat and edible offal of the pout Import Pig fat free of lean meat and pou Import Meat and edible meat offal sated Import Pharmaceutical products Import Total Trade Import Edible offal of bovine animals swi Import Meat and edible offal of the poult Import Pig fat free of lean meat and pou Import Meat and edible meat offal salted Import Pharmaceutical products Import Food SITC 0 1 22 4 Import Food SITC 0 1 22 4 Import Food SITC O 1 22 4 Import Pivoting a table Pivoting allows creating one separate column for each value of a given column A good case is to create one separate column for each Year and to fill them with Trade Value The pivoting feature works with one statistic at a time To pivot a table 1 Open the Query
158. hat follows we will use the generic term Status window The Status window lists your advanced queries You will see in the Advanced Course that results form other WITS analytical tools can be accessed from the same window Queries are listed in rows starting with the last one you submitted first row For each query the system provides a set of information We will describe those which are relevant Query Name displays your query names View indicates whether a query is completed and results are ready a binocular icon is displayed or not empty cell Delete click on the trash icon Ei to delete the corresponding query results This does not delete the saved query definition Log click on the document icon E to open a basic information page about your query Source indicates the source database COMTRADE TRAINS or WTO for Advanced Queries depending on the chosen source database or something else for queries coming from other WITS tools Date returns the date and time the query was submitted Status indicates your query s current status which can be Waiting query is queued but not processed Running query is currently being processed by WITS server Completed processing is finished and results are ready or Aborted there was a problem with query and the process did not go through Query ID is unique number given to each and every query WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working
159. hat only WTO country members are listed Select Data Type Taris Raw Data Select Data Type Tarts Raw Data l Reporter Corts Rica X Duty Code Al DuyCoden F Show Product Descrgtion Next select a Duty Code tariff schedule The list of available duty codes depends on the selected reporter and year You can select either one duty code at a time or all by selecting lt AllDutyCodes gt Note that selecting lt AllDutyCodes gt may result in a very large dataset which may take time to be displayed Select Data Type Tents Raw Data Reporter Cotta Rica Duy Code AI DuyCoden Cha Dyod f Show Prodat o gt Derecho NMF Legal One Anuardo Bisterales de Inweesabn 4 Finally click on View Data to retrieve results Understanding and Exporting Output Data Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server and displays results in the table as demonstrated below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Select Dala Type Tanis Raw Data Repote Cots Aica l Duty Code E Canada Acumdo Bastecales de invasi n i Duty Type Duy Code TL TLS Partner AVDutyRate SpechcoDuyAate DuypNotue Aa 1 0101101000 0701108000 0101300010 0101300030 0102100000 0102300010 0102300030 0103100000 00370000 0103920000 0104101000 0104109000 0104201000 0104203000 0105110000 01051 20000 0105130000 0105320000 0105330000 Canada Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inves n Canada Acuerdo Bil
160. he protection on output and the cost raising effects of protection on inputs Effectively Applied Duty A customs duty which is lower than the statutory duty The effectively applied duty can be for an undetermined period of time or for a limited period of time temporary duty Effectively applied duties are sometimes passed by Parliament or decided on and put into effect by a government for economic reasons Emergency Action See Safeguard Action Enabling Clause 1971 GATT Decision on Differential and More Favorable Treatment Reciprocity and Fuller Participation of Developing Countries One of the so called Framework agreements it enables WTO members notwithstanding the nondiscrimination requirements to accord differential and more favorable treatment to developing countries without according such treatment to other contracting parties See also Generalized System of Preferences Escalation Tariff See Tariff Escalation Escape Clause Clause in a legal text allowing temporary derogation from its provisions under certain specified emergency conditions See also Safeguard Action GATT Art XIX Everything But Arms A 2001 EU initiative to grant least developed countries duty and quota free access for their exports WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Excise Duty Also known as fiscal tax or revenue duty See Fiscal Tax Export Processing Zone EPZ A designated area or region in which firms can import duty fr
161. he High Code column 1 0 is added in the Multiplier column 5 If you want to exclude selected range replace 1 0 with 1 0 in Multiplier Resetting product selection You can click anytime on the Reset button to clear the selection All selected product categories will be deleted from the Selected Products table Editing an existing group of products You may want to edit an existing group either to revise its list of products or to use the existing group as a starting point to create a new group To edit an existing group 1 Select the Nomenclature used to build the group 2 In Code select the group to be revised 3 Add or remove products using commands detailed above in Creating a product group Note that a range cannot be removed from a selection only individual product categories can be deleted by removing checkmarks next to product codes in Available Products 4 Click on Save enter a new Code and Name and click on OK if you want to create a new group or keep displayed ones and click on OK to overwrite the edited group WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities D3 Using TRAINS Tariff Measures The TRAINS Tariff Measures tool available in Help and Information details tariff measures existing in TRAINS by country period To display information 1 Click Help and Information menu 2 In the menu select TRAINS Tariff Measures The following panel is displayed Country Code Nomen Year
162. he United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD TRAINS Data Base and the World Trade Organization WTO IDB and CTS Data Bases The data is reported by statistical offices of each country to relevant international organizations As a rule missing country period data means that the reporting country had not reported data for that specific year No trade information for any given product or product category indicates a non traded product according to the reporting country COMTRADE Offers the largest country period coverage of all three databases from 1962 and virtually all countries Records not only imports but also exports and re exports But information is not as detailed as in the 2 other databases HS or SITC nomenclatures for COMTRADE national tariff line level for TRAINS and IDB COMTRADE is better fitted for cross country analysis since information from all countries shares standard international nomenclatures TRAINS Contains information at the national tariff level which means more details compared with COMTRADE Country Period coverage from 1988 less than 100 countries is smaller than in COMTRADE Contains only imported flows TRAINS is best fitted for very detailed country or sector analysis with link to market access information WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data IDB Contains information at the national tariff level which means more detail
163. ick OK to confirm and close the window WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Optional Indices Tab This set of features will be treated in a separate document For technical information about optimal indices calculation see Optimal Indexes of Protection Submitting the query When you are ready to submit click on the OK button located at the bottom right of any tab The following message box will be displayed notifying the query was submitted Microsoft Internet Explorer A Query My First Query submitted Otherwise click Cancel to close the Submission window without sending the query to WITS server C9d Status Window The Status window is common to all Advanced Queries For a complete description of the Status window see Advanced Query The Status Window page 88 C9e Advanced Query The Result Table When clicking on the binocular in the Status window the following result window will be displayed WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data ie WITS View Custom Query Results Query Name My first query Selected Nomen Native Nomen Reporter Reporter Name Partner PartnerName Tariff Year Trade Year Trade Source A ARG Argentina WLD World 2005 2004 CMT ARG Argentina WLD World 2005 2004 CMT ARG Argentina WLD World 2005 2004 CMT BGD Bangladesh WLD World 2005 2004 CMT BGD Bangladesh WLD World 2005 2004 CMT BGD Bangladesh WLD World 2005 20
164. iew and Export Raw Data 1 Click on Quick Database Query to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO View and Export Raw Data entry Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS view and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Sect Donte e O itn gt Duty Code lt AS OuyCodes gt IF Show Product Description WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Defining a Query You would define your query by selecting from all dimensions The specification of the variables is sequential Once Tariff Schedules or Tariff Line Imports is selected in the Select Data Type list WITS will automatically fill in Reporters that have the variable That is Select Data Type must be specified before Reporter which in turn defines the available years to be selected from the Year dimension First make sure Tariff Schedules is selected in Select Data Type since this topic discusses tariff information retrieval Next select in Reporter the country for which you want to retrieve tariff schedules Note t
165. ike database catalogs nomenclatures and concordances All tools are detailed in the rest of the documentation A4 Databases Principles data and coverage WITS is software fed by databases which can be queried individually or in combination Thanks to this unique gathering of data WITS offers the largest country period coverage available on international trade and market access information WITS includes 3 major databases maintained by partner international organizations e The UNCTAD TRAINS e The WTO IDB CTS e The UNSD COMTRADE It also includes some more specific databases e AMAD e The CEPPII MACMAP WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics Each organization monitors access to its own database through WITS based on its own dissemination policy UNSD COMTRADE access is free to users in most international organizations but all other users including government staff must pay an annual fee UNCTAD TRAINS free access to users in international organizations as well as staff in developing country governments and regional organizations Other users must pay an annual fee WTO IDB CTS free access to all but WTO member government staff accesses the information at the national tariff line level NTL while others access information at the 6 digit level of the Harmonized System HS nomenclature more aggregated level than the NTL AMAD free access to all users CEPPII MACMAP free access to all users for tariff i
166. in your selection In the case of the HS nomenclature Chapter corresponds to all 2 digit categories Heading to all 4 digit categories and Sub Heading to all 6 digit categories 4 Repeat steps 1 to 3 until your selection is completed Nomenclature Select product by HS 1996 T C Items Clusters Aggregates Search lt New range gt Define cluster as a range of items ALL All product items v All Chapter All2 Heading All3 Sub Heading The selected cluster is displayed in the Products folder E Query Data Selections for CMT amp Reporters Markets E Brazil BRA Ei Turkey TUR B Chapter Partner Countries amp Years Trade Flow You can also define ranges of products using Clusters option To define a range of product 1 Select lt New Range gt Define cluster as a range of items in the Clusters panel The Define Product Range window is displayed The same nomenclature used in the Cluster option will be kept for this option HS 1996 in this case Enter a name for the range in the Range Name text area Select a level of details in Tier WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Select the first product of the range in First Product Select the last product of the range in Last Product Check the Include Children products box if you also want to display all products within your specific range This feature may be very useful if you want to select
167. ined above returned all tariffs reported by Costa Rica for imports of 8506101000 in 2004 r Item 1 of 10 Taf Lines 850101000 Pias cilindnicas secas de 1 5 V de volumen exterior inferior o igual a 300 cm3 Chile Acuerdo Blater 3 Derecho N M F Lega 0 MCCA Mercado Com 1 M xico Acuerdo del 1 Panama Acuerdo de 3 Republica Dominican 1 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Each row of the table corresponds to a distinct tariff schedule of the selected tariff line The result table contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Duty Type Duty Code Partner AV Duty rate TLS Specific Duty Rate Duty Nature AvMethod Record Status Note Description is the name of the tariff schedule is a code which identifies the tariff schedule jointly with the Duty Code for example 3 as Duty type and 1 as Duty code identifies tariff schedule 31 Preferences for Canada granted by Costa Rica is a code which identifies the tariff schedule jointly with the Duty Type for example 3 as Duty type and 1 as Duty code identifies tariff schedule 31 Preferences for Canada granted by Costa Rica is the 3 digit numeric code of the partner country IDB s raw data do not report the actual beneficiary country code but 000 World in any case is the value in percentage points of the Ad Valorem tariff if any is the tariff line suffix
168. ions or to enter specific parameters For example when you click on the Save button WITS opens a child window in which you specify the location and name of the file to be saved The child window must be closed before you can continue to work with the main window WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Clicking A click is a quick press and release of the mouse button Unless another type of click is specified click by itself means to click the left mouse button once When clicking make sure that the active tip of the mouse pointer see below is over the area button for example to be clicked Client It is the piece of WITS software that runs on your computer It connects to the WITS server and provides the interface that lets you work on WITS Clipboard The area of storage for objects data or their references after a user carries out a Cut or Copy command Copy Paste information Information can be easily transferred from almost any output table produced by WITS to software like MS Excel without saving it as file To copy paste information from WITS 1 In the output table select the cells you want to copy see Selecting Cells 7 Right click on one of the selected cells The following menu appears under the mouse pointer as reproduced below Product Code Partner ISO3 Partner Name Trade Value 000 Quantity Short Total Greece 373 454 659 0 000 n a Total Turkey t 0 000 n a Total E ay 05 3
169. ious screenshot will be replaced by Partners Select Croatia from the Reporter selection box and 2004 from the Year selection box Please note that list of available countries vary according to the selected Data Type and list of available years vary depending on selected Reporter Select Dala Type Tan Line laporte l Reporter Crossa l Partners CAI Patner nd WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Select from the list of Partners You can select either one partner country at a time or all partner countries by selecting Al Partners Note that selecting All Partners may result in a very large dataset which may take time to be displayed depending on your internet connection speed In this case select Senegal as the partner Select Dato Type Tarii Line Imports Finally click on View Data to retrieve results Understanding and Exporting Output Data Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server and displays results in the table as demonstrated below Select Data Type Taxi Line Inperte Repeter Yeo Name TL TLS Partner Subeassion ID Vave NotValue Record Status SOYU SOty N lomenCode 2 2004 Sereg 03026400 os 1 2738 28 R H 1 2004 Sereg 02026933 S 1 73750 PSV AR H2 191 2004 Senegal 03026961 es 1 1642 1642 R H2 191 2004 Seregat 03026939 s 1 16955 1635 A H2 191 2004 Seega 03097998 6 1 2473 2479 R H2 131 204 Seraga 0302073 6 1 ni m eA H2 131 2004 Seaga 07020000 6 1
170. is a classification developed by the United Nations for statistical analysis of trade data In the SITC articles are grouped by classes of goods such as food raw materials chemicals machinery and transport equipment and also by stage of fabrication and by industrial origin The SITC was first revised in 1960 Revision 1 to match the Customs Co operation Council nomenclature CCCN A second revision was established to match the revised version of the CCCN in 1972 The third revision was established in 1985 to match the HS Statutory Duty A customs duty which is generally a Customs Tariff Law voted by Parliament The statutory duty is also referred to as the autonomous or legal duty The published customs tariff generally report the statutory duty For WTO Members the statutory duty cannot be higher than the GATT bound duty Sub Group Fourth level sub category 4 digit used in the SITC nomenclature Sub Heading Third level and most detailed sub category 6 digit used in the Harmonized System HS nomenclature Subsidiary Heading Fifth level and most detailed sub category 5 digit used in the SITC nomenclature Subsidy Assistance granted by government to the production manufacture or export of specific goods and taking the form either of direct payments such as grants or loans also see Bounty or of measures having equivalent effect such as guarantees operational or support services or facilities and fiscal incentives T
171. is generally safer than upward conversion since the destination nomenclature is made of fewer lines The conversion mostly consists of line aggregation and reduction of the product structure Binding See Tariff Binding Binding Coverage Statistical measure defined as the number of bound lines divided by the total number of tariff lines Binding Overhang Often used to describe a situation where there is a large difference between the tariff that is actually applied MFN Applied and the level at which the tariff is bound in GATT the ceiling Border Tax Adjustment Fiscal measure compensating in whole or in part for the different treatment either between imports and similar domestic products or between exports and similar products sold on the domestic market For example refunds of domestic indirect WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes taxes on goods destined for export or changes on imports similar to the taxes levied on like domestic products Also see Duty Drawback Bound See Tariff Binding Breakdown Used in WITS when a region group of countries is used to produce individual information for each and every country belonging to that region C Cairns Group Coalition of developing and industrialized country exporters of agricultural commodities formed in the Uruguay Round to negotiate stronger multilateral disciplines on agricultural trade policies Category Product Product categories are defined
172. ist of tariff lines differs from one country to another one and standard nomenclatures Harmonized System for example are used to compare tariff structures among countries See also National Tariff Line National Treatment Principle that foreign goods services and persons investors once they have entered a country and satisfied any formalities that are required are treated in exactly the same way as national goods services or persons In particular they face the same internal taxes and no additional restrictions Native Nomenclature Nomenclature initially used by a country to report information In WITS information may be converted in another available derived nomenclature Nature Of Duties Nature of duties or the duty nature refer to the different kinds of customs duty The duty nature can be an ad valorem specific compound mixed variable tariffied or unclassified duty Negative list In an international agreement a list of those items entities products etc to which the agreement will not apply the commitment being to apply the agreement to everything else Contrasts with Positive List Nomenclature A nomenclature is an agreed system for classifying goods according to defined criteria and in given detail and order by associating to product groups a number which is used by all parties which adopt the nomenclature Nominal rate of protection The proportion by which the tariff inclusive internal price of an imp
173. istone stenade ein eon diese sie 97 Building multiple output tables 0 cece eee ee renee nner e tnt ntna 99 PIVOTING A table sarcini dicate eve ven ee AE A AER Tbe ee iad dealers NA 101 C WORKING WITH PROTECTION DATA ccccssscccsssecenssssscessees LOG C1 Working with Protection Data Review and Objectives 00000 105 WITS TOO Sos site esc ice naaa aaa EEANN seer thd fear eslcea vance Agana lees ENEAN 105 C2 Background on Trade Policy Measures in WITS scsscsscsseseeseeseesees 106 Sources of Protection Data si iiicdicccieciiees decane ct eede recs vale teed Heda weds de daveet eda tects 106 TY PES OF TAN S i aT ela ien aa vee aude ta edan ela OeudnvUaedan cad eudneuavedn cad euIne ua eatis 107 Forms Of IMpOrt LariffiSsscicccc ewe eee ae eae eae A aaa 111 Ad Valorem Equivalents of non Ad Valorem Tariffs ccccececeseeeseeeeeeeneees 112 Nom Tariff MEASURES aeniea aaea aaant debs Aae AORE Aaa NENANA keedeeuhare 112 C3 Quick Database Query TRAINS View and Export Raw Data 113 Opening TRAINS View and Export Raw Data ccccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneenenas 113 Defining a Query Tariff Raw Data sssssssssssrrrsssrrrrrrrsserrrrrrrnserrrrrrrserns 114 Understanding Output Data Tariff Raw Data cc cccecceeee eee e eee eeeeaeenees 115 Defining a Query Ad Valorem Equivalent Tariffs ccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneenees 116 Understanding Output Data Ad Valorem Equivalent Tariffs ccc
174. iteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Data Source Train gt Maket Albania Year 2005 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Chapter all 2 digit x Product lt select product gt X x Tarif Schedules ParaT anit Schedules Non Taritf Barriers Imports Defining a Query You would specify your query by selecting from all dimensions Market Year Nomenclature Tier and Product Notice that there are no Flow dimension in this option since data applies only to imports Click on the Market s selection box and highlight your desired country Argentina in the example below Please note that you can select only one country at a time in this option Next click on the down arrow within the Year selection box and select a year 1999 in the example below Data Source T rains Market Albania v Year 2005 a Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System Alene Angola Product lt select product Antiqua and Barbuda Argentina WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Please note that year availability varies from country market to country If we had selec
175. ity and the type of input the computer can accept from you in the cursor s current location Following are few examples of mouse pointer appearance you may experience in WITS N Arrow Select menu options check boxes buttons text and other information Active point is at the tip of the arrow This is the by default mouse pointer i Hour Glass The computer is engaged in a task such as saving a file or retrieving requested information from the WITS server Double Headed Arrow When placed over a border of a window that can be resized Resize a window by dragging its corner or edge in the desired direction Active point is in center of cursor The pointer here shows the case WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes when the mouse pointer is over a vertical border The double headed arrow is vertical when placed over a horizontal border Thick Double Headed Arrow When placed over the boundary between 2 column headings in a table Resize a column by dragging its boundary in the desired direction Resizing a window Depending on the context you may want to change the size of a window Several options are offered A window may be resized by clicking the buttons available near its upper right corner ol maximizing display a window at its largest size full screen This button is available only when the window is not maximized E restoring restore the window in its original non maximized
176. ke your selections now Range Reset Save Delete Selected Products Available Products net a Manie Code Description 5 1 0 a T 64 Paper paperboard a 6 1 0 65 Textile yarn fab 7 1 0 66 Non metallic mine 8 1 0 67 Iron and steel 68 1 0 V 68 Nonferrous metal I 69 Manufactures of m 70 UN Special Code V7 Machinery other Adding or excluding a range of product categories Range selection is an alternative to individual product category selection To add or exclude a range of product categories 1 Select the Tier 2 Click on the Range button It opens the Define Product Range window Range the Range button Define Product Range First product in the range Last product in the range fincluded NOT included fog Y 96 full range v Cancel DK 3 Select the First product in the range included and the Last product in the range NOT included in their respective list WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Define Product Range DER First product in the range Last product in the range fincluded NOT included fooro 361 0 full range In the example above we selected 0510 and 0548 Remember the last product is not included 4 Click on OK to validate range selection and close the window Consequently the Selected Products table is filled The first product code is added in the Low Code column The last product code is added in t
177. l Annexes Annex 4 Glossary of Trade and Market Protection Related Terms A ACCESSION A government joining the WTO As part of the accession to the WTO pursuant to Article XII the acceding government negotiates concessions and commitments relating to Market Access for Goods and Services with WTO Members ACPs Countries in Africa the Caribbean and the Pacific which benefit from a preferential tariff treatment in the E C under the Lom Convention Administered Protection See Contingent Protection Ad Valorem An ad valorem duty tariff charge and so on is based on the value of the dutiable item and expressed in percentage terms for example a duty of 20 percent on the value of automobiles Ad Valorem Equivalent AVE An ad valorem equivalent is the equivalent in percentage of a specific duty mixed compound or other duty containing a specific element An ad valorem equivalent is calculated for each customs duty that is not ad valorem The AVE is calculated from the actual duty collection or from the unit value of imports For example the AVE of a specific duty of 1 00 per KG levied on a product with a unit value of 10 00 per KG is equal to 10 1 00 10 00 Aggregate See Product Aggregate AGOA African Growth and Opportunities Act U S legislation providing duty free access for a large number of products for 35 African economies All Partners Shortcut used in WITS to select all trade partners When All Par
178. l on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Note several columns were unchecked Selected Nomenclature Native Nomenclature Reporter Name for illustration purpose but they could have been included without interfering with the pivoting operation 3 In the list of selected columns highlight the one which is going to be the base variable the one to be shown as columns In our example it will be Duty Type 4 Using the large Up and Down arrows move the highlighted column below the last selected column 5 In the list of columns select the one which is going to be the presentation variable the one to be shown as cell content In our example it will be Simple Average 6 Using the larger Up and Down arrows move the selected column right above the base variable column 7 In Data Transposing Settings check the box Use last two selected columns to pivot data The name of you base variable and presentation variable columns should be displayed in the corresponding fields below the check box The window should look as below Query View Designer Partner Product Simple Average DutyT ype Selected Nomen Native Nomen X x Base Variable is To be shown as Columns All other Selected Columns will be used as Row Attributes NM Show Data in Descending Time Order Cancel 8 Click on OK to confirm the change and view results WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data wit
179. l on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Available markets Afghanistan AFG Albania ALB Algeria DZA Andorra AND Angola 4GO Antigua and Barbuda ATG Argentina ARG Armenia ARM v Unselect All Select All Regions 30 countries from the OECD OECD a All countries All All high income OECD plus non OEC ANDEAN country group ANDEAN Caribbean Community members CAF DAC DAC Developed countries DEV DEV EERS EECI5 v The Reporters Markets panel contains two lists The Available markets list allows you to select individual countries by placing a checkmark in the check box to the left of each country Go through the list of all existing countries by using the vertical scrollbar to the right of the selection box As you select new countries their names will appear in the query definition tree under the Reporters Markets folder To delete a previously selected country click on the box with a checkmark Select All Serena ae _SelectAn Select all individual countries in a single click Unselect All Se Unselect Al Reset your individual country selections The Regions list is where you can select from pre defined group aggregates or your own customized groups Place a checkmark next to the desired country group s Use the scroll bar to the right of the selection box to view all existing country aggregates As you select new groups their names will appear in the query definition tree under the
180. lines The 6 digit tariff is itself an average of included tariff line level lines The Simple Tariff Line Average which is the average of the tariff line level lines is also calculated by WITS and can be included in the table see Advanced Query Customizing Output Tables page 174 for more information in percentage points is the average of tariffs weighted by their corresponding trade value is a statistical measure of tariff dispersion It takes into account the difference between a tariff and the average of all tariffs within the considered product category in percentage points returns the lowest tariff value at the tariff line level within the product category in percentage points returns the highest tariff value at the tariff line level within the product category is the number of tariffs at the tariff line level is the number of tariffs at the tariff line level which value is above 3 times the simple average tariff is the number of tariffs at the tariff line level which value is above 15 WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Imports Value in thousand US is trade coming from the partner country and entering the importing country under the considered product category Binding Coverage is the number of bound lines divided by the total number of lines Rows are sorted first by Nomenclature then by Reporter Partner Year Product and tariff type This table can t
181. list As seen previously year availability depends on the selected reporter Select Data Type Tani Line Imperts l Reporter European Urson l Partners RAE Partnero F Show Product Description Select from the list of Partners You can select either one partner country at a time or all partner countries by selecting All Partners You can also select World as one aggregated flow for all partners Select Data Type Tani Lire Imperts Finally click on View Data to retrieve results Understanding and Exporting Output Data Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server and displays results in the table as demonstrated below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Select Data Type Tari Lire Imports Reporter Eunpesn Unon l z Yea ProductCode TradeFlow Partner Patner ISON TradeVaue QusryUr l Quartty TCMCode Dutyfiate 318 2003 01011010 1 Algens 012 7 30 4 European Union S18 2003 0106359 1 Algeria 012 18 168 0 l Ewopesn Unon 318 2003 0201 3000 1 Algona 012 15 168 2 European Union 318 2003 03011010 1 Alpis 012 5 168 3 European Urson 318 203 00900 1 Algens 012 57 168 14 Ewopean Uron 318 2003 03022990 1 Algona 012 25 168 3 European Uron 318 203 0323290 1 Algona 012 2 168 0 European Urson 318 2003 03026 1 Alpes 012 7 168 2 European Union 318 2003 0302697 1 Alpena 012 J7 168 6 European Union S18 2003 03026933 1 Algona 012 4 168 103 European Union S18 2003
182. ly click on OK See Advanced Query on TRAINS WTO Submitting a Query to learn how to submit a query once defined WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data C9c Advanced Query Submission Once you define and save your query you can submit your job To submit an advanced query click on the Submit button located at the top of the Advanced Query panel Submit Please note that a gray disable Submit button indicates the query definition needs to be completed at least one dimension is not selected or saved When you click on Submit the following window is displayed Breakdowns Include market reporter group breakdowns Include partner country group breakdowns r Trade Options Ti fia a Notifications M Notify user when query is finished Email results to Output File Format Cancel OK TRAINS and WTO Advanced Query submission offer identical features unless specifically mentioned in this document The submission window is made of three tabs namely General Tariff and Optional Indices The General Tab The General tab offers the following options WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Breakdowns If groups of countries reporters or and partners are included in the query this options allows including individual country results in addition to group aggregates Check Include market reporter group breakdowns to prod
183. m the Product selection box which contains all the 4 digit HS codes based on HS 2002 nomenclature Let s choose product code 0803 as shown below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Data Source rains Market le European Union Year 2005 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Heading eading al 4 digt y 0806 Semen t fresh ot dried nA Melons pasha papage ln and papaws papayas fresh WITS searches for all tariff lines belonging to the product selection 0803 and lists them in the next list box as illustrated below Data Source rains Market European Union Year 2005 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt Tier Heading eading al 4 digt Product 0803 Bananas including plantains fresh or dried r Item 1 of 3 Taiff Lines Make your final selection by choosing a tariff line in the Item box After a few seconds WITS displays the retrieved information in the output table Understanding Output Data Tariff Schedules To display tariff information click on the Tariff Schedules tab r item 1 of 3 Taiff Lines 0803001900 Bananas fresh excl plantains MFN duties Apphed 680 EUR 1000 kg Preferential tanff for ACP cou 020 380 EUR 1000 kg Preferential tanff for Albania 021 Preferential tariff forAndona 023 Preferential tantf for Bosnia ar 024 Preferential tariff for Cro
184. mputer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the TRAINS Catalog The catalog can be saved as an Excel file by clicking on the Save button at the bottom right of the panel Checking Data Availability in WTO IDB As described in The Databases page 14 WTO IDB contains information on Imports and Tariffs using the HS nomenclature from 1996 whenever available To open the WTO IDB catalog 1 Click on Help and Information to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO IDB Catalog entry WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics The Help and Information Menu Help and Information COMTRADE Catalog TRAINS Catalog WTO IDB Catalog WTO CTS Catalog W Available Classifications TRAINS Tariff Measures TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries Available Product Concordances Help Wits Information Web Site About WITS The following panel is displayed WTO IDB Catalog County Code 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 ALB 008 All Antiqua and Barbuda ATG 028 T Argentina ARG 032 T IT IT IT IT IT IT Armenia ARM 051 sill aU Australia AUS 036 IT IT IT IT IT IT IT IT Bahamas The BHS 044 li I l l Bahrain BHA 048 Sj Al Al T T Bangladesh BGD 050 ali i Barbados BRB 052 AD IT IT IT A All I l Belarus BLA 112 li alk Benin BEN 204 T Bolivia BOL 068 T j l IT IT al il Botswana BWA 072 T Brazil BRA 076 Si Tt All IT IT IT IT IT l Brunei BAN 096 Tl al T IT IT IT Riidlasris RGR ann T T T IT IT IT IT a6 lt i E
185. n be Edited a Mo Nomen OOO M Repote r M RepoterName ooo iw Pie mm E M PartnerName E Mo Per E Mo Produto If you scroll down the list you will find columns which are unchecked They are not included in the output report by default You can add any of these optional fields by checking the corresponding Column box Additional Indicators Flow is the numeric code 1 for imports 2 for exports 3 for re exports Quantity is the quantity volume of traded goods Quantities are not available for items that are at a higher level of aggregation because different quantity units can t be aggregated For example you will find quantities if reported by the reporter country for products based on HS 4 and 6 digit codes but not for 2 digit codes Similarly you will find quantities for product codes based on SITC 3 4 and 5 digits and not for 1 and 2 digit product codes Qty Unit is the unit of quantity used such as kg Qty Token is the numeric code assigned to each unit of quantity with the following codes o O Not reported o 1 No Quantity all quantities zero standard if 0 3 digits o 2 Area in square meters o 3 Electrical energy in thousands of kilowatt hours o 4 Length in meters WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data o 5 Number of items o 6 Number of pairs o 7 Volume in liters o 8 Weight in kilograms Row Count is the number of flows between a pair of reporter partner for a
186. n be done for all columns headings Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table Saving is not available in this query module B7 Quick Database Query WTO View and Export Raw Data WTO View and Export Raw Data option within Quick Database Query allows you to retrieve tariffs and import values at the national tariff line level for the complete tariff structure one reporting country and one year This topic focuses on trade data retrieval For information about using this tool to retrieve tariff information see Quick Database Query WTO View and Export Raw Data page 61 in Working with protection data page 105 As explained in Background and principles about trade information page 36 IDB contains more detailed information on imports tariff line level versus HS 6 digit level but a narrower coverage in terms of country period compared with information retrieved from COMTRADE This module is specially useful if you want to retrieve a country s most detailed data on all imported goods from one or all partners O
187. n you want to move The column should be highlighted in light blue and column should be checked as Year in the example below WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited IN omen Reper SSS Patner E Product Product Name ssid FowName o QA A AAAI 4 Use the large up and down arrows red rectangles in the screenshot to move the selected column respectively up and down in the list Moving a column up down brings it further to the left right in the output table Repeat steps 2 and 3 to move additional columns Click on OK to confirm the change and see the result For example Year was moved top of the list EJ Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited Year Nomen Repote Parner Product st Product Name ssid Selected Items ad lt Iv a lt 4 As a result Year is the first column in the output table and the first sorting field WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data 2 OMIS View Custom Query Results Total Trade Impait Phamaceutical products Impost Total Trade Impost Edible offal of bovine animals swi Impost Meat and edible offal of the pouk Impost Pig fat fee of lean meat and pou Impoit Meat and edible meat offal salted Impost Phaimaceuiical products Impait Impost Impost 14247 370
188. nclature Tier and Product Notice that there are no Flow dimension in this option since data applies only to imports Click on the Market s selection box and highlight your desired country Croatia as below to continue from last topic s exercise Please note that you can select only one country at a time in this option Next click on the down arrow within the Year selection box and select a year 2004 Dats Source WTO 1BD a EB Nomenclature HS 1996 Harmonized System hi Tariff Schedules imports Tariff line selection is a two step process Selecting a tariff line is a two step process As a first step you select a Nomenclature and Tier in order to specify a Product category The product category to be selected is the one which the tariff line belongs to Indeed each country s national tariff line level structure is based on the HS nomenclature and all other listed nomenclatures are linked to HS using WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data concordances Therefore once a nomenclature and a product category are selected WITS is able to retrieve the list of all national tariff lines belonging to the selection As a second step you select the desired tariff line from the list Click on the down arrow in the Nomenclature box and select your desired product classification Next select from the Tier box This option allows you to define which level of product categories you would
189. nd retrieve trade for products defined using several native and derived nomenclatures and mix product categories from different Tiers While Quick Queries are immediately processed Advanced Queries are queued on WITS server Compared to Quick Queries Advanced Queries are generally much larger and require more time to be processed Once you submit an Advanced Query you can check the status of your job periodically to find out when results are ready Advanced Query results are stored on WITS server and can be reviewed later while Results of Quick Query are lost once you close the application One main disadvantage of Advanced Query vis a vis Quick Query covered in previous modules is that maximum level of product details is at 6 digit harmonized system classification whereas in a Quick Database Query of TRAINS and WTO output is available at the tariff line level e g 8 or 10 digits WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data B9b Advanced Query on COMTRADE Defining a Query Opening Advanced Query To open Advanced Query 1 Click on Advanced Query to open the menu 2 Click on the Query Definition entry Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Query Definition Query view The following screen will be displayed Query Data Selections General Query Name New Query gt Query Description Enter Query Name and Query Descri
190. nded JS Total trade OIG 01 Live animals 1S 0101 Live horses asses mules and hinnies O amp A 0102 Live bovine animals CS 0103 Live swine OA 0104 Live sheep and goats 1 0105 Live poultry that is to say fowls of the species Gallus do 1S 0106 Other live animals OA 02 Meat and edible meat offal OA 03 Fish amp crustacean mollusc amp other aquatic invert CS 04 Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey edible pr O amp A 05 Products of animal origin nes or included D1 66 Live tree amp other plant bulb root cut flowers OA 07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers O 08 Edible fruit and nuts peel of citrus fruit or me 1S 09 Coffee tea mati and spices Note than when a category is expanded its folder icon is changed into an open folder icon You can close an expanded branch by double clicking on the parent category Once the end of the structure the leaf is reached there is no more subcategory and the leaf category is identified by a sheet icon B HS Combined structure with Heading 0101 expanded JS Total trade OG 01 Live animals oe 0101 Live horses asses mules and hinnies OE 010110 2002 Purebred breeding animals COB 010111 2001 Horses Pure bred breeding animals OE 010119 2001 Horses Other COB 010120 2001 Asses mules and hinnies OE 010190 2002 Other 1S 0102 Live bovine animals C1 0103 Live swine 1 0104 Live sheep and goats OA 0105 Live poultry that is to
191. nformation UNSD COMTRADE subscribers can also access trade information You do not need to have access to all databases to use WITS For more information on database access aspects you can visit our web site at http wits worldbank org witsweb Faq basics aspx Database content and coverage Databases are fed by collecting data from reporting countries on an annual basis Missing information for a given country period generally means the country did not report data for that specific time period UNSD COMTRADE contains annual trade flow information covering imports exports and re exports since 1962 COMTRADE contains trade value and quantity by product category in SITC since 1962 and HS since 1988 more details on nomenclatures in Understanding nomenclatures page 16 UNCTAD TRAINS contains annual imports values tariffs structures Bound MFN Applied and Preferential tariffs ad valorem or not and Non Tariff Barriers information since 1988 at the National tariff line NTL level The National tariff structure is country specific and may contain up to 15 000 distinct lines WTO IDB CTS contains annual imports values and tariff structures current and final Bound MFN Applied and Preferential tariffs ad valorem or not since 1996 at the National tariff line level for WTO member countries only The National tariff structure is country specific and may contain up to 15 000 distinct lines WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval
192. nnexes substitutes These are determined by the extent to which foreign goods are confronted with discriminatory taxes and other regulations Maximum Minimum Price System for imports Price s Decreed by the authorities of the importing country and above below which price s imports may not enter the domestic market Actual import prices below the decreed minimums trigger a protective action such as the imposition of additional duties or of a quantitative restriction Different terms are used in different countries and different sectors basic import price minimum import price reference price and trigger price Markup In WTO terms sometimes used to indicate the extent to which an applied tariff exceeds the bound rate Mirror Data Used to build data for a non reported trade flows based on what is reported by all other countries For example if bilateral import information is missing for a given country it can be rebuilt using Export information reported by its bilateral partner MFN See Most Favoured Nation Mixing Regulation Describes two kinds of practices 1 regulation specifying the proportion of domestically produced content in products offered for sale on the domestic market 2 regulation specifying for any imports of a given product the quantity of a domestically produced like product that must be purchased by the importer Most Favored Nation MFN MFN is the normal non discriminatory tariff charged
193. non Ad Valorem base tariff if any indicates if the tariff line is reported as bound coded as B or U for unbound is empty field because this information is not relevant at the tariff line level is where applicable unit of specific or other duty returns one letter code identifying the type of duty A for Ad Valorem C for Compound M for Mixed N for Null no information available S for Specific and O for Other are Other Duties and Charges applicable to the tariff line e g surcharges levied on imports above and beyond customs duties this can consist of ad valorem and specific elements or textual information are Other Duties and Charges applicable to the tariff line this can consist of ad valorem and specific elements or textual information indicates that the Special Safeguard provision is applicable to the tariff line or HS code applicable only for agricultural products Possible value could be SSG returns WTO Legal instrument in which the present concession on the product was established e g UR 94 for the Uruguay Round is WTO Member s holding Initial Negotiating Rights INR s on the present concession is if available WTO GATT legal instrument in which the first concession on the product was established e g G 47 T 51 is if available WTO Member s holding INRs on earlier concession s WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Implementation is start yea
194. ns 4 To scroll to the left 1 To scroll to the right Al To scroll up WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes xl To scroll down The document is scrolled in the direction of the arrow you click Tab A tab is a visual element that looks similar to a file divider and provides navigation between different pages or sections of information in a window Window with tabs pA p A WITS Query CHINA In the screenshot above there are 3 tabs Each tab corresponds to a page with different parameters or commands To display a specific page click on the corresponding tab s label General Tariff GSIM or Optional Indices The selected tab stands above the other General in the example above Title bar The title bar is the horizontal area at the top of a window that identifies the window The title bar also acts as a handle for dragging the window Double clicking its title bar maximizes a window Tree Controls Tree controls are used to display hierarchically related information as an expandable outline In WITS tree controls are used to display product categories within a nomenclature WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Example of a tree control ODE Total trade OE 0 Food and live animals CG 1 Beverages and tobacco ME 10 UN Special Code OE 11 Beverages ME 12 Tobacco and tobacco manufactures DIG 2 Crude materials inedible except fuels OIE 20 UN Special Code DIG 2
195. ntains more detailed information on imports tariff line level versus HS 6 digit level but a narrower coverage in terms of country period compared with information retrieved from COMTRADE This query module is specially useful if you want to retrieve a country s trading partners or competitors on a selected market for a specific product line Opening WTO Integrated Database To open TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs 1 Click on Quick Database Query to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO Integrated Database entry Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS view and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database R WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Data Source wro IBD Maket Albania Year 2001 Nomenclature HS 1996 Harmonized System 1996 lt reported gt v Tier Chapter all 2 digit Product lt select product gt v z Tariff Schedules Imports Defining a Query You would specify your query by selecting from all dimensions Market Year Nome
196. ntigua n a n a ok ok ok WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Without year adjustment this query will return results for all countries except Albania Two options for year management M Use the latest available year Cancel OK USE THE LATEST AVAILABLE YEAR Use the latest available year automatically replaces any selected year by the latest more recent year available for each individual reporter In our example it will have the following impact 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 Albania ok n a n a ok ok Algeria ok n a ok ok ok Angola ok n a ok ok ok Antigua n a n a ok ok ok WITS will retrieve 2005 tariffs for Albania Algeria and Angola and 2003 for Antigua CHANGE YEAR BASKETS Clicking on Change Year Baskets opens the Check Change Data Availability window E Check Change Data Applicability DER Market reporter 2003 1 Albania 2 Algeria 3 Angola 4 Antiqua and Barbuda Cancel Adjust NA WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data This window displays a table with selected reporters in rows and selected years in columns 2003 only in this example When tariff data are missing for a given reporter year the intersecting cell displays na for non available Manual year adjustment To choose an alternative year with data make your selection in the dropdown list as shown below
197. o Selected Columns to Pivot Data where Presentation Variable is To be shown as Cell Content Base Variable is ssid To be shown as Columns All other Selected Columns will be used as Row Attributes V Show Data in Descending Time Order Cancel Ok Adding and Removing columns The first change you can make in your table is to add or remove columns The Query View Designer window lists all fields of information to include in the output table Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited rE 2 PVE S d Zor E i m ZO EEE mm n d Z ie The list contains three columns Heading we will discuss this column in the next section Column allows you to choose whether a column should be included or not in the output table Long Names contains each column s name WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data To add or remove a column 1 If necessary use the vertical scrollbar to display the column for which you want to change the status 2 To include a column check the Column facing box To remove it from the output table uncheck the box Repeat steps 1 and 2 to complete you selection Click on OK to validate changes and close the Query View Designer In the example below Reporter Name and Partner Name are removed from the table Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Ca
198. o see results However there are a few differences Quick Database Query offers separate tools for working with different databases Advanced Query is common tool for querying different databases COMTRADE TRAINS and IDB Therefore you must start any query by specifying the database to be used Advanced Queries can be saved and reused This is particularly useful for complex queries and reports that need to be reproduced on a regular basis While a Quick Query deals with only one item for most dimensions reporter partner product year you can include several reporters partners products and years in a single Advanced Query WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Product and country groups allow retrieving aggregated results Quick Queries allow for retrieving raw data only as they are stored in the databases In Advanced Query you can select and retrieve tariffs for products defined using various nomenclatures and mix product categories from different Tiers While Quick Queries are immediately processed Advanced Queries are queued on WITS server Compared to Quick Queries Advanced Queries are generally much larger and require more time to be processed Once you submit an Advanced Query you can check the status of your job periodically to find out when results are ready Advanced Query results are stored on WITS server and can be reviewed later while Results of Quick Query are lost
199. o to wits worldbank org in MS Internet Explorer WITS welcome page opens in your browser Internet Explorer with WITS software welcome page World Integrated Trade Solution Microsoft Internet Explorer File Edit View Favorites Tools Help Address 48 http wits worldbank org wits World Integrated Trade Solution WITS General Database Information WITS Information Web Site all news and information about WITS WITS Discussion Forum post your questions participate m online discussions The World Bank in close collaboration with the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD has developed the World Integrated Trade Solution WITS for access and retrieval of information on trade tariffs and Non tariff Measures compiled by various International Organizations the United Nation Statistical Division UNSD the Uni i Trade and Development UNCTAD and the World Trade Organization WTO Use the WITS menu bar to access all WITS modules and features WITS menu bar Quick Database Query Analtical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information To open a module 1 Click on a menu title to view the corresponding options 2 Click on any option entry to open the corresponding module WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics Example The Quick Database Query menu and list of options Quick Database Query Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period k T
200. ode ISO3 Name Year ProductCode Boundrate Bnd_Max_Rate Bnd_Min_Rate Description returns the HS version code is the country s UN 3 digit numeric code is the country s UN 3 character ISO code is the country s name is the year of the data is the HS 6 digit code is the aggregated bound tariff value is the value of the highest ad valorem bound tariff value within the HS 6 digit category is the value of the lowest ad valorem bound tariff value within the HS 6 digit category Sorting Data You can sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of BoundRate once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest ad valorem tariff to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings In the screen below the data is sorted in descending order based on Ad Valorem tariff value 2 2 2 22 22 2 2 ZRRSSRBB xX a In the example above highest 6 digit bound tariffs are easily identified by sorting the table by descending BoundRate WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Displaying Product Description Product codes are not self explanatory You can put a checkmark in Show product descriptions box to see product descriptions A D
201. oduced below Elements of the Product Selection panel The product selection panel is composed of 3 main areas identified by red rectangles in the below picture WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Nomenclature Select product by fz SITC Revision 1 Items Clusters Aggregates Search 1S Total trade 1S 0 Food and live animals 1S 1 Beverages and tobacco 1S 2 Crude materials inedible except fuels JS 3 Mineral fuels lubricants and related materials 1S 4 Animal and vegetable oils and fats 1S 5 Chemicals J amp 6 Manufact goods classified chiefly by material JS Machinery and transport equipment O Miscellaneous manufactured articles amp 9 Commod amp transacts not class accord to kind The nomenclature selection list 1 allows choosing the nomenclature you want to use for selecting product categories The product selection mode 2 offers several ways of selecting products categories see below The product selection area 3 is where you actually make your product selection Product selection always starts by choosing a Nomenclature Then you can select products product categories or product groups within the selected nomenclature using different modes of selection Note that you can select products from different nomenclatures in the same query Selecting a Nomenclature The first step in any product selection is to choose a nomenclature Each nomenclatur
202. of country can be used to o Select corresponding individual countries in one click useful if you often use the same countries in your queries WITS will return individual trade values for each country belonging to the group in the output table o And or select a group of countries to return aggregated results WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data To learn how to create customized country groups see Building and Managing Country Groups page 185 You will specify when submitting the query whether you want aggregated or individual results for selected group of countries Selecting Years Click on Years to open the corresponding selection panel as reproduced below Place a checkmark next to desired years You can use the Clear button to clear the selected years You can also use the Ascending Descending options to change the sorting order of the list Compared to year selection in Quick Queries the year list is static and does not reflect data availability You may want to check TRAINS catalog or WTO IDB catalog in order to identify available years for a specific nomenclature before defining your query Pies Ordered Ascending Descending o v O v OU v z Clear Reviewing your query Review your query before proceeding to the next step of submitting it Advanced Queries may take some time to be processed depending on the number of selected parameters
203. of settling an antidumping suit brought by import competing domestic firms Generally has an effect analogous to a quota WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Product Code Standardized code identifying a product Product Aggregate Group of products defined for analysis purpose all textile products for example WITS comes with a set of pre defined aggregates and you can create your own Protection data All information related to market access and including notably tariff and non tariff barrier information Protocol of Accession Legal document recording the conditions and obligations under which a country accedes to an international agreement or organization Q Quad Refers to the participants in the Quadrilateral meetings i e Canada the EU Japan and the U S Quantitative Restriction or Quota Measure restricting the quantity of a good imported or exported Quantitative restrictions include quotas non automatic licensing mixing regulations voluntary export restraints and prohibitions or embargoes Global Quota Quota specifying the total volume or value of the product to be imported exported without regard to the country or countries of origin destination of the product Bilateral quota Quota applied to imports from exports to a specific country Quota by country Quota which not only specifies the total volume or value of the product to be imported exported but also allocates the trade b
204. om which the Selected Nomenclature was converted to produce results Reporter is the reporter 3 digit alphabetic country code ARG for example or country group code ANDEAN for example Reporter Name is the full name of the reporting country Argentina or group of countries ANDEAN ANDEAN country group WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Partner Partner Name Tariff Year Trade Year Trade Source Product Product Name Duty Type Simple average Weighted Average Standard Deviation Minimum Rate Maximum Rate Nbr Of Total Lines Nbr Of Domestic Peaks Nbr of International Peaks is the partner 3 digit alphabetic country code WLD or country group code is the full name of the partner country or country group is the year of the tariff data is the year of the trade data If available WITS takes the same year for trade as for tariffs if not it uses any closest alternative year is the database used for trade data CMT for COMTRADE INV for inverted COMTRADE trade partner s mirroring TRN for TRAINS and WTO for WTO IDB is the product code or product group code is the description of the product or group of products is the code of the considered type of tariffs BND for bound tariffs MFN for MFN applied tariffs PRF for preferential tariffs or AHS for effectively applied tariffs in percentage points is the simple average tariff of included 6 digit
205. on an ad hoc basis to compile summary reports by sectors stages of processing etc Product categories are generally defined in terms of four digit headings of the CCCN or in terms of six digit groups of the HS Ceiling binding A binding is ceiling if the applied duty is lower than the bound duty The following example illustrates the difference between ceiling bindings and bindings at prevailing level See also Binding overhang Tariff line number Type of duty Rate Type of binding 0101 11 10 bound duty 50 bound at ceiling of 50 applied duty 10 e bound duty 50 bound at prevailing rate of 50 applied duty 50 Chapter The CCCN and the HS are structured nomenclatures The first two digits of CCCN and HS numbers represent the chapter level The CCCN comprises 99 chapters and the HS 97 chapters HS chapter 77 is not used at present CIF See Cost Insurance and Freight Clusters In WITS refers to all product categories for a given level of details or Tier Cluster selection is used in WITS in order to select many same level product categories in one click Cost Insurance and Freight CIF The cost of a good delivered to the importing country s port Chapter First level sub category 2 digit used in the Harmonized System HS nomenclature Classification See Nomenclature Common External Tariff A uniform tariff adopted by a customs union e g the European Communities to be assessed on imports entering a
206. once you close the application One main disadvantage of Advanced Query vis a vis Quick Query covered in previous modules is that maximum level of product detail of trade flows is at 6 digit harmonized system classification whereas in a Quick Database Query of TRAINS and WTO output is available at the tariff line level e g 8 or 10 digits C9b Advanced Query on TRAINS WTO Defining a Query Opening Advanced Query To open Advanced Query 1 Click on Advanced Query to open the menu 2 Click on the Query Definition entry Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Query Definition R Query View The following screen will be displayed WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Query Name D tel x 3 F New Open oeeie com Podat subt stots Query Data Selections General Query Name New Query gt Query Description m Ente Query Name and Query Description gt Selecting a Database and Naming the Query As mentioned in introduction any Advanced Query is saved and so requires a name and a description Moreover since Advanced Query is multi database tool any query definition must start by picking a database which choice will affect the parameters to be specified This topic focuses on using Advanced Query for tariff data retrieval for trade data retrieval see Advanced Query on COMTRADE page 71 in Wo
207. or products originating in these countries and 2 there is a common external trade policy common external tariff that applies to nonmembers Customs Valuation Establishment according to defined criteria of the value of goods for the purpose of levying ad valorem customs duties on their importation D Data Source Refers in WITS to the database used to retrieve information Deep integration Inter governmental cooperation in designing and applying domestic policies such as taxes health and safety regulations and environmental standards May involve either harmonization of policies or mutual recognition generally occurs in the context of regional integration agreements Degressivity Mechanism to ensure that the application of a measure gradually becomes less severe over time For example a tariff set at 50 percent that is reduced by 10 percentage points each year and becomes zero in year 5 Derived Nomenclature Alternative nomenclature used to display information via a concordance table between the native and the derived nomenclature Differential and more favorable treatment See Special and Differential Treatment and Enabling Clause Dispersion Tariff The tariff dispersion is generally analysed by compiling tariff profiles Tariff profiles show a distribution of tariff lines according to duty ranges as follows TARIFF PROFILES TARIFF LINES NUMBER 2 CUMULATI VE Total 8637 100 100 Duty free 1780 21
208. orking with Protection Data fa Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Tally Selected Items Nw With red rectangles identifying fields selected as Heading and green ones fields removed from the table The output window is modified WITS View Custom Query Results Selected Nomen Taff Year Trade Year Trade Source Product Product Name 2005 a2 WHT Wheat GP 2005 02 WHT Wheat GP 2005 02 WHT Wheat GP 02 WHT Wheat 04 Daity prod birds eggs natural honey ed 04 Daity prod birds eggs natural honey ed 04 Daiy prod birds eggs natural honey ed 04 Dairy prod bids eggs natural honey ed 040110 Of a fat content by weight not exceeding 040110 Of a fat content by weight not exceeding 040110 Of a fat content by weight not exceeding 040110 Of a fat content by weight not exceeding WTO_HS_Indus WTO HS Industrial WTO_HS_Indus WTO HS Industrial WTG_HS_Indus WTO HS Industrial WTO_HS Indus WTO HS Industrial Reporter and Partner columns were removed from the table and replaced with corresponding dropdown lists located right above the table the two red rectangles There is now one separate table for each reporter and partner This feature allows producing smaller table less rows and focusing on a specific type of information here a specific reporter and partner combination To display another table select another reporter and or partner from the dropdown lists WITS User Man
209. ort exceeds the border or world price See also Effective Rate of Protection Non tariff barrier NTB A catch all phrase describing barriers to international trade other than the tariffs for example quotas licensing voluntary export restraints Non tariff measure Any government action with a potential effect on the value volume or direction of trade Also see Non tariff Barrier NTB See Non Tariff Barrier NTL See National Tariff Line NTM See Non Tariff Measure 0 Origin Rule See Rules of Origin WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes P Parallel imports Trade that is made possible when a good that is protected under intellectual property provisions patents copyrights is sold in different countries for different prices A parallel import comprises arbitrage activity and occurs when traders import the good from a lower price market into a higher price country Para Tariff Charges on imports that act as a tariff but are not included in country s tariff schedule Examples include a statistical tax stamp fees etc Partial Equilibrium Analysis The study of one market in isolation assuming that anything that happens in it does not materially affect any other market SMART and GSIM are two Partial Equilibrium tools included in WITS Partner Country of origin of imports or of destination of exports Peaks See Tariff Peaks Phytosanitary Regulation Pertaining to the health of plants See Sanitary
210. orted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest ad valorem tariff to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings In the screen below the data is sorted in descending order based on Ad Valorem tariff value uty Type Duy Code TL TLS Partner AV Rae Speciic DutyRate DuyNaue AA Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inves n 0207139930 a S Acuerdo Biateraies de Irwe n n 02071 49530 a 151 Acuerdo Blatet ales de lnvecuin 0207269000 ao 151 Acuedo Silatetales de Invetude 0207385000 w0 151 Acverdo Biahet ales de Invees n 1601002019 a Acuerdo Bistetaies de Invecidn 1601002039 a Acuerdo Bishetaies de Iverson 1602102011 ww Acuerdo Bisheales de Invecmin 1602102019 w Acuerdo Bisteraies de Invers n 1802102083 Acuerdo Bilaterales de Invermin 0401100080 Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inveesdn 0401 200080 Acuerdo Bisteraies de Invenda 0401300019 Acuerdo Bioteraies de Inveen n 0401 300039 Acuerdo Biahetaies de lryveris n 0402100012 Acuerdo Bisa ales de Inveem n 0402100019 Acuerdo Bistetales de Invetmin 0402100082 Acuerdo Bisteraies de Inverndn 0402100033 Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inveemdn 0402211112 Acuerdo Bilaterales de Inveeadin 0402211113 t r gt Pr rPrrrrrrrrrrrrrrp pr 888888888 In the example above highest tariffs faced by imports coming from Canada are easily identified by sorting the table by descending AV Duty Rate
211. ource Train Market Argentina Year 1999 Nomenclature HS 1996 Harmonized System 1996 lt reported gt v Tier Heading eading all 4 digt Product 8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of pers v item 1 of 15 Tariff Lines 62031000 Vehecuos especistnente concebidos po adesar ae iid A 2187032210 Con cap 87032290 Los demns Md 87032310 Con capacidad de transporte de personas sertadasinte 187032390 Los demns int 87032410 Con capacidad de transporte de personas sertadasinfe 87032490 Los demns WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Understanding and Exporting Output Data To display imports data click on the Imports tab The Imports screen contains the following fields column headings Column Heading Description Partner is the name of trading partner Trade Value is value of trade with the specific partner in 1 000 US Quantity is the quantity volume of traded data Qty Name is the unit of quantity such as weight in kg kilogram Qty Unit is the numeric code associated with unit of quantity Qty Code is the alphabetic code associated with unit of quantity Partner Code is the numeric code associated with partner name Dats Source Ty ain Market Argentina Year 1999 Nomenclature HS 1996 Harmonized System 1396 lt reported gt Tier Heading all 4 digt Product 8703 Motor cars and other motor vehicles principall
212. pe Tar Lreinoat x on P lomenCode 2004 Seregal 03026933 Eso 1 TOAS TATR H2 2004 Sereg 03028933 ESS 1 16955 1695 R H2 191 2004 Serega 97083193 es 1 6685 6685 R H2 191 2004 Seega 51121910 os 1 2382 22 A H2 191 2004 Seega 34716040 6 1 2S 226 R H 131 2 Sereod 03037998 6 1 2479 2479 R H2 131 2004 Serag 94435050 6 1 W752 1752 R H2 91 2004 Sereg 03026961 La 1 1642 142 R H2 191 204 Sereg 1604141 E 1 150 1505 A H2 131 2004 Seregal 62052000 Sg 1 1475 1475 R H2 11 2004 Sereg 95312060 a 1 1467 1467 RA H2 1 2004 Serega 94153089 i 5 1 1402 1402 R H2 191 2004 Seega 84912010 ew 1 1193 NBR H2 191 2004 Seega 03012073 66 1 ni m R H2 191 2004 Sempal 35069330 6 1 690 690 A H2 131 2004 Seragal 61102091 e 1 680 650 A H2 131 204 Sereg 09045000 6 1 579 9R H 191 04 Seregal 82079099 e 1 72 S72 R H2 191 2006 Serega 85712060 Gag 1 532 SRR H2 131 2004 Seregal Pas 1 3 503 R H2 Rown seianod 37 Save This way Croatia s most imported products coming from Senegal are easily identified In the next topic you will see how using the other IDB Quick Query module we can learn more about Senegal s competitors on the Croatian market for product 03026933 which ranks first in the above table Displaying Product Description Product codes are not self explanatory You can put a checkmark in Show product descriptions box to see product descriptions A Description column is added right after the Product Code column Uncheck Show produc
213. pening WTO View and Export Raw Data To open WTO View and Export Raw Data 1 Click on Quick Database Query to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO View and Export Raw Data entry WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII view and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Select Data Type Tants Raw Data l Reporter Abaris l You moO Duty Code lt ANDuyCodes gt View Dats Defining a Query You would define your query by selecting from all dimensions The specification of the variables is sequential Once Tariff Schedules or Tariff Line Imports is selected in the Select Data Type list WITS will automatically fill in Reporters that have the variable That is Select Data Type must be specified before Reporter which in turn defines the available years to be selected from the Year dimension Since this topic focuses on trade information select first Tariff Line Imports in Select Data Type The Duty Code list which appears on the prev
214. portant The UNCTAD Trains database contains information on non tariff measures Use the Trains Catalog under the Help and Information menu to find out which countries have submitted information on non tariff measures WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Non Tariff Measures in TRAINS Code Measure Example 3 Price Control minimum import price 4 Finance Advance payment of customs duties 5 Licensing Prior surveillance 6 Quantity controls Seasonal quotas 7 Monopolistic Sole importing agency 8 Technical Packaging requirement C3 Quick Database Query TRAINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS View and Export Raw Data option within Quick Database Query allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve tariffs imports and non tariff measures at the national tariff line level for the complete tariff structure one reporting country and one year This topic focuses on protection data tariffs and non tariff measures retrieval and you will learn in the following how to retrieve raw tariff lines information estimated ad valorem equivalents and non tariff measure information For information about using this tool to retrieve trade information see Quick Database Query TRAINS View and Export Raw Data page 51 in Working with trade data page 34 Opening TRAINS View and Export Raw Data To open TRAINS View and Export Raw Data 1 Click on Quick Database Query tab 2 Click on the
215. porterlS03 Year PartnerName PartnerlS03 Trade Value 000 Ok B Paraguay Uruguay Yenezuela In the example above our query returned information for 3 reporters In order to display information for a given reporter you need to click on the expand sign in front of the country name to obtain the following 1 ReporterName ReporterlS03 Year PartnerName Partnerl5S03 Trade Value 000 O i Paraguay World WLD India IND Morocco MAR China CHN URY World WLD Mexico MEX 2002 Egypt EGY India IND South Africa ZAPF 2003 Uruguay Venezuela Details for Uruguay are now displayed and the expand sign is replaced by the contract sign E on which you can click to contract the corresponding part of the table and hide details for Uruguay Information Boxes They are small windows used to display some information while you work with WITS An information box contains a message and OK button to close the window Information boxes must be closed before you can continue to work by clicking the OK button WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Example of an information box Tr xi You must save your query First Information boxes are used in many places in WITS for example to report a problem or to confirm an action Menu Bar The WITS menu bar is displayed at the top of the workspace area in your Internet browser It is used to access all WITS tool
216. practice for any particular product The gap between the bound and applied MFN rates is called the binding overhang Trade economists argue that a large binding overhang makes a country s trade policies less predictable This gap tends to be small on average in industrial countries and often fairly large in developing countries as illustrated below Binding overhang principle T Developed Countries Developing Countries m Bound MFN Applied Bound and MFN applied simple average tariff for all products 45 40 3 Australia Canada Chile China Costa Rica Morocco m Bound GMFN Applied WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data The binding coverage the share of tariff lines with WTO bound rates also varies across countries Until the Uruguay Round of the GATT which ended in 1994 countries agreed to bind tariffs only on manufactured goods trade in agricultural products was excluded from the GATT when it was written in the late 1940s Even within manufactured products countries were not obligated to bind all tariff lines Reflecting their relative lack of participation in previous trade rounds developing countries tended to bind fewer tariff lines than industrial countries During the Uruguay Round countries committed to bind tariffs on all agricultural products New members of the WTO have been asked to bind all manufactured tariff lines as well The
217. ption gt Selecting a Database and Naming the Query As mentioned in introduction any Advanced Query is saved and so requires a name and a description Moreover since Advanced Query is multi database tool you must WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data specify what database you want to obtain information from since your choice will affect the parameters to be specified In the General panel 1 Enter a Query Name 25 characters maximum and a Query Description 100 characters maximum in corresponding text areas 2 Select COMTRADE in Data Source General Query Name My First Query Query Description Testing COMTRADE Advanced Query Data Source UN COMTRADE Database CMT 7 UNCTAD TRAINS Database TRN WTO Integrated Database WTO Once you select COMTRADE as your Data Source a set of folders is displayed on the upper left side of the panel Query Name Query Data Selections for CMT Reporters Markets Products amp Partner Countries amp Years Trade Flow In order for you to form a query you would have to make selections from all 5 listed dimensions folders Reporters Markets Products Partner Countries Years Trade Flow Selecting Reporters Reporters are countries from which you want to retrieve trade information Click on Reporters Markets to open the corresponding selection panel WITS User Manua
218. r al 2 digit x Flow Imports Reporting Country China x Year 2004 gt View data Show product Partner Country r r ations lt An Paitners gt Finally make you selection from the Partner Country list You can select either one partner country at a time or all partner countries by selecting All Partners You can also select World one aggregated flow for all partners In the example below we select United States WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data r Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988792 Tie Chapter al 2digti F o imports View data descriptions ruguay Us Msc Pac l Uzbekistan Finally click on View data to see results Understanding and Exporting Output Data The output table is organized with products in rows and sorted by Product Code by default The table below displays China s imports from United States for the year 2004 and for all 2 digit HS product codes There are total of 98 rows of data Use the vertical and horizontal scroll bars to view all remaining rows of data and all other columns to the right of the table Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988 92 Tie Chapter al 2 digti v FIO imports X Reporting County China v Year 2004 r Show product Partner Country United States Product Code Partner IS03 Partner Name Trade Value 000 Quantity Shot Name Net weigh a i USA USAPR USVI 44 747 834 112 NA
219. r of the IMF the President of the World Bank and the Chairpersons of the International Monetary and Financial Committee and Development Committee of the IMF and World Bank participate in G 20 deliberations G 21 A block of developing countries led by Brazil China and India that emerged just before the Canc n meeting It represents half the world s population and two thirds of its farmers G 24 Established in 1971 an inter governmental group of 24 developing countries that has the objective to concert the position of the developing countries on monetary and development finance issues The only formal developing country grouping within the IMF and World Bank Meets twice a year preceding the Spring and Fall meetings of the two institutions G 7 A group of seven major industrialized countries whose heads of state have met annually since 1976 in summit meetings to discuss economic and political issues The seven are United States Canada Japan Britain France Germany and Italy G 77 A coalition of developing countries within the United Nations established in 1964 at the end of the first session of UNCTAD intended to articulate and promote the collective economic interests of its members and enhance their negotiating capacity Originally with 77 members it now in 2002 has 133 G 8 The G7 plus Russia which have met as a full economic and political summit since 1998 GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade General Ta
220. r of digits varies among countries 8 digits for Argentina is the tariff line suffix further subdivision of the tariff line if any is the TLS description is the Ad valorem duty of the latest concession returns the description of the non Ad Valorem bound tariff indicates if the tariff line is reported as bound coded as B for each and every tariff in the table since results include bound tariffs only is empty field because this information is not relevant at the tariff line level is where applicable unit of specific or other duty returns one letter code identifying the type of duty A for Ad Valorem C for Compound M for Mixed N for Null no information available S for Specific and O for Other WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Certified Source Base Duty AV Base Duty Other Base Duty Bounding Status Base Duty Binding Coverage Base Duty Unit Base Duty Nature ODC Duty AV ODC Duty Other Special Safeguard Present Instrument Present INR text First Instrument Earlier INR Text shows whether or not the concession had been certified This has been included at the request of Members Values could be Y Yes or N No indicates the source of the concession e g Uruguay Round UR pre UR HS 1996 ITA rectifications etc is the Ad valorem duty rate used as the base rate in the most recent negotiations returns the description of the
221. r of the first reduction From Implementation To is end year when the final concession is implemented For more information on the data in the CTS database please see the technical note produced by the WTO Secretariat at lt http docsonline wto org DDFDocuments t G MA 63 doc gt Sorting Data You can sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of Bound Duty AV once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest ad valorem tariff to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings In the screen below the data is sorted in descending order based on Ad Valorem tariff value Par hii TL TLS Ex BondDuyAyV Bound Outy Other Bourd Duy Binding Status Bound Ouly Binding Coverage Bound Duy Urk Bound Duy Nanze Cextihed A Boo Doou rT vo oov w rPPrPPrPPrPPrPrrrrrprrprrprrprpr r In the example above highest bound tariffs are easily identified by sorting the table by descending Bound Duty AV Displaying Product Description Product codes are not self explanatory You can put a checkmark in Show product descriptions box to see product descriptions A Description column is added right after the Product Code column Uncheck Show product descriptions to remove that
222. region from countries outside the union WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Compound Duty A compound duty is a tariff duty comprising an ad valorem duty to which is added or subtracted a specific duty 10 plus 2 00 KG 20 less 2 00 KG Computable general equilibrium CGE models Mathematical characterizations of the economy used to predict the impact of policy changes taking into account both direct effects as well as indirect effects that work through labor and other markets COMTRADE See UNSD Commodity Trade Statistics Database Concession A tariff reduction tariff binding or other agreement to reduce import restrictions usually accorded pursuant to negotiation in return for concessions by other parties Concordance Table relating two different nomenclatures item by item Consumer Welfare It is the enjoyment that consumers are inferred to gain from their consumption While welfare cannot be measured directly economists often use a measure of real income or purchasing power as a way of measuring welfare in money terms The SMART model included in WITS estimates the change in consumer welfare following a tariff reduction Content Domestic or Local Rules establishing a minimum proportion by value or volume of a product that has must be domestically or locally produced in order to obtain a benefit e g a tariff concession or permission to be offered for sale Contingent Protection Trade barriers th
223. riff General tariffs are the customs duties which apply in some countries to partners which are not members of the WTO The general duties are generally higher than the MFN duties Generalized System of Preferences GSP The GSP is a system through which industrialized high income countries grant preferential access to their markets to developing countries Also called Generalized System of Trade Preferences Global Simulation Extension of the SMART model to simulate the partial equilibrium impact of tariff reductions in a multi market framework WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Graduation Concept linking the rights and obligations of a developing country to its level of development Referred to in WTO Trade Policy Review Mechanism Generally used in the context of GSP and similar types of preferential treatment of low income countries as a mechanism or set of criteria to determine when countries cease to be eligible for preferences Group Third level sub category 3 digit used in the SITC nomenclature GSP See Generalized System of Preferences GTAP The Global Trade Analysis Project based at Purdue University in the United States It provides data and models for computable general equilibrium modeling See Computable general equilibrium GSIM See Global Simulation H Harmonized System HS Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System Nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization for cus
224. rking with trade data page 34 Defining an Advanced Query is the same with TRAINS or WTO IDB as chosen data source TRAINS is used for illustration in the following presentation In the General panel 1 Enter a Query Name 25 characters maximum and a Query Description 100 characters maximum in corresponding text areas 2 Select TRAINS in Data Source WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data General Query Name My first query Query Description TRAINS Advanced Query Demo Data Source Select the Data Source UN COMTRADE Database CMT UNCTAD TRAINS Database TAN WTO Integrated Database WTO h Once you select TRAINS or WTO as your Data Source a set of folders is displayed on the upper left side of the panel Query Name EJE Query Data Selections for TRN Reporters Markets Products Partner Countries Years In order for you to form a query you would have to make selections from all 4 listed dimensions folders Reporters Markets Products a Partner Countries Years Selecting Reporters Reporters are countries from which you want to retrieve tariff information Click on Reporters Markets to open the corresponding selection panel WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Available markets Afghanistan AFG Albania ALB Algeria DZA Andorra AND Angola AGO Antigua and Barbu
225. rnnnn 133 Defining a QuUELY sivccsievesivies iiwaae vein ieekv a EEN AENEA AEE ena varies 134 Understanding and Exporting Output Data cccceeee sees erst eeeeeeeeeeaeenees 136 Working with Output Tables cceceee cece eee eee eee AE EANAN AEA 137 C7 Quick Database Query WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data 138 Opening WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneenenas 138 Defining a QUELY wes ce rredaPoowedin a a Can eNNeedoertelaen eis a Rann eiivs 139 Understanding and Exporting Output Data i ccceceeeee seers test eeeeneeneenees 139 C8 Quick Database Query WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data suvuveasccvassebcsvesvencsveuceuseccawnusesscusvuevetvercaveuvusssvustderecassutchvewsusvavessasesvesuebvevexs 143 About 6 digit bound tariff aggregation ce eceeeee eee e eee e ee eee eee e neta tees 143 Opening WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data ccceeceeeeeeeeeeneeas 143 Defining a QUELY vcccaisdyci awe aeeteeee weaver ei anit dae Na 144 Understanding and Exporting Output Data cc ceccceeeeee seers eeeteeeeaeeneeaees 145 C9a Advanced Query on TRAINS IDB Introduction cccccscseeseeseeeees 147 C9b Advanced Query on TRAINS WTO Defining a Query 0s000 148 Opening Advanced Query oeceececee eect EE EEE EERE EERE REESE EEE E ES 148 Selecting a Database and Naming the Query s ssssssssssssssrrrrrssrrrrrrrrssrsrrrrrss 149 Selecting REPOMMens scsi
226. roup Meat and Mercosur Mercosur merco group Pig fat fre Mercosur Mercosur merco group Meat and Mercosur Mercosur merco group Phaimace Mercosur Mercosur merco group Total Trac Mercosur Mercosur merco group Edible off Mercosur Mercosur merco group Meat and Mercosur Mercosur merco group Phatmace Mercosur Mercosur merco group Total Trac Mercosur Mercosur merco group Edible off Mercosur Mercosur merco group Meat and Mercosur Mercosur merco group Other me y gt You can resize the window or maximize it using the Maximize window button located on the top right corner In the example below window s width was enlarged to display all columns r 4 IJ WITS View Custom Query Results Ebie offal of Bowne animals sre Mest and edible offal of the pout Pig fat bee of nan maat and pos Meal and edible meat offal sated Phamsceutcs products Total Trade Edible offal of bowne anmak me Meat and edible cilal of the pout Edible ott of bovine animals me Most and edible oflal of the pout Other mest and edible mea offal t Moot and edible moat offal salted HHNH om BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA ERA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA ERA BRA BRA BRA BRA BRA WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data The Query Name is indicated right above the table My First Query is our example and the number of Rows returned is given below the table 207 in our example In
227. rsion of WITS Submitting the query When you are ready to submit click on the OK button The following message box will be displayed notifying the query was submitted Microsoft Internet Explorer a Query My First Query submitted Otherwise click Cancel to close the Submission window without sending the query to WITS server B9d Advanced Query The Status Window As indicated before a submitted advanced query is not instantly available When your query is sent to WITS server it is queued with other advanced queries run by other users The rule is first come first serve but depending on the size of the query you query may be completed before other queries WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Overall time required to get results ready depends on the size of your query its rank in the queue and the size of all other queries It may take from few seconds to several hours infrequently before results are ready To see if your query is completed and to access results use the Status window Opening the Status window You can open the Status window in two different ways If the Advanced Query definition window is open click on the Status button located on the top toolbar Submit You can also access the Status window by choosing Query View in the Advanced Query menu Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Query Defini
228. rtion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table Given the structure of the output saving is not available in this module B5 Quick Database Query TRAINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS View and Export Raw Data option within Quick Database Query allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve tariffs imports and non tariff measures at the national tariff line level for the complete tariff structure one reporting country and one year This topic focuses on trade data retrieval For information about using this tool to retrieve protection information see Quick Database Query TRAINS View and Export Raw Data page 113 in Working with protection data page 105 As explained in Background and principles about trade information page 36 TRAINS contains more detailed information on imports tariff line level versus HS 6 digit level but a narrower coverage in terms of country period compared with information retrieved from COMTRADE This module is especially useful if you want to retrieve a country s most detailed data on all imported goods from one or all partners WI
229. rtner country liberalization World Country group used in WITS to aggregate all partner countries in one row of information WTO World Trade Organization WTO Consolidated Tariff Schedules The CTS database contains all WTO Members concessions final bounds on goods at the national tariff line level in a standardized format The database was established as a working tool only without implications as to the legal status of the information therein WTO Integrated Database IDB The IDB contains annual tariff information current MFN Bound and Applied tariffs and import statistics on goods at the national tariff line level in a standardized format
230. ry GATT Art XVIII A or C See also Escape Clause Sanitary and Phytosanitary SPS Measure A technical requirement specifying criteria to ensure food safety and animal and plant health Many international SPS standards are set by the FAO WHO WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Second best argument for protection Any argument for protection that can be countered by pointing to a less costly policy that would achieve the same desired result Also refers to rationales for protection to partially correct a distortion in the economy when the first best policy for that purpose is not available For example if domestic production generates a positive externality and a production subsidy to internalize it is not available then a tariff may be second best optimal Section First level sub category 1 digit used in the SITC nomenclature Shallow integration Reduction or elimination of border barriers to trade Shallow integration contrasts with Deep Integration SITC See Standard International Trade Classification SMART Partial equilibrium model embedded in WITS which allows users to estimate the impact of tariff reductions on trade flows tariff revenue and consumer surplus for a single market at a time Special and differential treatment The principle in WTO that developing countries be accorded special privileges either exempting them from some WTO rules or granting them preferential treatment in the application of W
231. ry group 1 Click on the Code s down arrow key and select the desired country group WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Country Region Code Smerican Samoa Andorra Angola Anguila Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria The left box lists selected group member countries 2 Add and or remove countries from the list of member countries as seen previously Creating a country group 3 Save the modified group as seen previously Creating a country group You can keep the same Code and Name to replace the existing group or enter new ones to create a new group Deleting a group You can delete any existing group 1 In Code select the group to be deleted 2 Click on the Delete button x 3 In the warning popup window click Yes to confirm deletion or No to cancel D2 Building and Managing Product Groups The product group builder utility allows managing groups of products which are available in the Aggregates tab of the Product selection panel in several WITS tools notably Advanced Query Opening the product group builder utility You can open the product group builder utility in two different ways WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities If you are in Advanced Query click on the Product button Product You can also access the country group builder by choosing Create Product Groups in the Utilities menu Quick
232. ry is considered as bound if at least one tariff line falling within this category is bound based on the bound status The HS 6 digit bound value is the simple average of ad valorem bound tariff lines Therefore non ad valorem tariffs are not taken into account except for their bound status Opening WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data To open WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data 1 Click on Quick Database Query to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data entry WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS view and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD view and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Select Dala Type zj Nomanciahse Code HS 1336 7 F Show Product Description Defining a Query First select in Reporter the country for which you want to retrieve 6 digit aggregated bound tariffs Note that only WTO country members are listed The Year box displays only one year per country since bound tariffs are recorded only once
233. s The WITS menu bar Quick Databasq Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Each menu gives access to a set of tools by clicking it For example clicking on the Quick Database Query open the corresponding menu as displayed below The Quick Database Query Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS View and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria WTO Integrated Database WTO View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS view and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data Click any item in the menu to open the corresponding WITS tool A menu may be closed without selecting any item either by pressing the Esc key of the keyboard or by clicking anywhere outside the menu list Multi choice Lists A multi choice list allows for selecting one or several items using check boxes WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Multi choice list To select an item in the list click the corresponding square box to check it In the next example 2003 2002 and 2000 are selected You may need to use the vertical scroll bar on the right to display the rest of the list Example of a multiple selection Years Note that 1999 is not selected even if it is highlighted To unselect an item simply click its check box to uncheck it
234. s compared with COMTRADE Country Period coverage from 1996 less than 100 countries is smaller than in COMTRADE Contains only imported flows IDB is best fitted for very detailed country or sector analysis with link to market access information Imports Exports and Mirror Data with COMTRADE In a perfect world country A reported imports from country B would match with country B reported exports to country A Consequently this would make mirroring using information from the partner when a country does not report its trade a transparent and error free process However this is not the case for the following reasons In COMTRADE imports are recorded cif cost insurance and freight while exports are fob free on board This may represent a 10 to 20 difference Despite all efforts made by national and international agencies data quality may vary among countries For a given country imports are usually recorded with more accuracy than exports because imports generally generate tariff revenues while exports don t Ata detailed level a same good may be recorded in different categories by the exporter and the importer For example in 2001 Pakistan reported US 236 millions exports to China while China was reporting US4 557 millions There will be cases where you can t avoid using mirror data In such cases it is recommended to use reporters for which you believe statistics are the most accurate and to k
235. s View Custom Query Results 040110 WTO_HS_Indus 02 04 040110 WTO_HS_Indus 04 WTO_HS_Indus 02 04 040110 WTO_HS_Indus WTO_HS_Indus 02 04 040110 WTO_HS_Indus As a result WITS created separate columns for each type of tariffs PRF MFN BND AHS These columns are filled with corresponding tariff simple averages for the considered combination of reporter partner and product category WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities D WITS TOOLS WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities D1 Building and Managing Country Groups The country group builder utility allows building and managing groups of countries which are available in the Regions list of the Reporter Partner selection panel in several WITS tools notably Advanced Query Opening the country group builder utility You can open the country group builder utility in two different ways If you are in Advanced Query click on the Country button EA Country You can also access the country group builder by choosing Create Country Groups in the Utilities menu Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Create Country Groups Create Product Groups Mi Define Tariff Change Define Optional Indices Define Advanced Tariff Change Decompress Import COMTRADE File WITS User Policy Restore Query from Server Both commands display the country group builder
236. s of selection you choose from the product selection area titled Select product by Items Clusters Aggregates Search Selecting products by Item The selection by Items is the most common and basic way for selecting product categories You can pick product categories at various levels of details To make a selection by items select Items in Select product by Product categories are generally structured like a tree total trade being always the most aggregated category with several levels of sub categories attached to it A folder icon amp in front of a product category indicates it contains sub categories Click on the category name to expand the branch and display the subcategories WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data JS Total trade 1S 01 Live animals OA 02 Meat and edible meat offal OE 0302 Fish fresh or chilled excluding fish fillets and other fish m O amp A 0303 Fish frozen excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of he OA 0304 Fish fillets and other fish meat whether or not minced fre O 0305 Fish dried salted or in brine smoked fish whether or not 1 0306 Crustaceans whether in shell or not live fresh chilled fro OA 0307 Molluscs whether in shell or not live fresh chilled froze 1S 04 Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey edible prod nes OS 05 Products of animal origin nes or included OA 06 Live tree amp other plant bulb root c
237. say fowls of the species Gallus do OA 0106 Other live animals OA 02 Meat and edible meat offal OA 03 Fish amp crustacean mollusc amp other aquatic invert 1S 04 Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey edible pr To select products by item 1 Select the desired classification in the Nomenclature list 2 Select Items in Select product by 3 Expand the corresponding branch in order to display the desired category 4 Check the box in front of the desired category The selected category is added in the Products folder WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data 5 Repeat steps 1 and 2 until your selection is completed 1S Total trade OF 01 Live animals OS 0101 Live horses asses mules and hinnies OS 0102 Live bovine animals M amp 0103 Live swine DOG 0104 Live sheep and goats ME 010410 Sheep OE 010420 Goats O amp A 0105 Live poultry that is to say fowls of the species Gallus do OS 0106 Other live animals MA 02 Meat and edible meat offal OE 03 Fish amp crustacean mollusc amp other aquatic invert OS 04 Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey edible pr OA 05 Products of animal origin nes or included OA 06 Live tree amp other plant bulb root cut flowers 1S 07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers Selected items are displayed in the Products folder w4 Query Data Selections for TRN Reporters Markets B Argentina ARG E Bangladesh BGD EB A
238. selected group of countries WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Selecting Years Click on Years to open the corresponding selection panel as reproduced below Place a checkmark next to desired years You can use the Clear button to clear the selected years You can also use the Ascending Descending options to change the sorting order of the list Compared to year selection in Quick Queries the year list is static and does not reflect data availability You may want to check COMTRADE catalog in order to identify available years for a specific nomenclature before defining your query Years Ordered Ascending Descending OOOOSO8ON800 Selecting Flows Finally click on Trade Flow and place a checkmark next to desired trade flows Please note that you can select all from this box by placing a checkmark next to each flow If you select Albania as reporter Algeria as partner and Imports as trade flow WITS will retrieve Albania s imports from Algeria WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Reviewing your query Review your query before proceeding to the next step of submitting it Advanced Queries may take some time to be processed depending on the number of selected parameters In our example we defined the following query Query Data Selections for CMT amp Reporters Markets E Turkey TUR E United States USA E Brazil BRA EB Nafta NAFTA
239. size This button is available only when the window is maximized x closing close the window l minimizing minimize the window which disappears from the screen but remains available through its button in the Windows task bar Note that within WITS the minimize button is only available for the main window and is disabled for all child windows A window can also be manually resized by dragging its borders 10 Place the mouse pointer over a border of the window you want to resize The pointer s appearance changes When the mouse is over a vertical border When the mouse is over a horizontal border 11 Drag the border to the desired size Right click Right clicking is tapping the right mouse button once It opens a popup menu which gives access to options like copying data from a WITS output table to other software Right click is particularly important in WITS when you want to Copy Paste information from an output table produced by WITS to other software like Excel Saving Information returned by WITS can be saved as files 1 Click the Save button 12 In the Save As window select a location drive and folder and name the file WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Saveas ah Save in a DATA From WITS x e e Fa History i Desktop LN My Documents Pr aay My Computer yao File name Trade Data Cameroon 2001 Cancel Z Save as type 3 Choose the
240. t Favored Nation Tariffs In current usage MFN tariffs are what countries promise to impose on imports from other members of the WTO unless the country is part of a preferential trade agreement such as a free trade area or customs union This means that in practice MFN rates are the highest most restrictive that WTO members charge one another Some countries impose higher tariffs on countries that are not part of the WTO In some rare cases WTO members GATT contracting parties have invoked the Non Application Clause of WTO GATT agreements and chosen not to extend MFN treatment to certain other countries Preferential Tariffs Virtually all countries in the world joined at least one preferential trade agreement under which they promise to give another country s products lower tariffs than their MFN rate In a customs union such as the Southern Africa Customs Union or the European Community or a free trade area e g NAFTA the preferential tariff rate is zero on essentially all products These agreements are reciprocal all parties agree to give each other the benefits of lower tariffs Some agreements specify that members will receive a percentage reduction from the MFN tariff but not necessarily zero tariffs Preferences therefore differ between partners and agreements Many countries particularly the wealthier ones give developing countries unilateral preferential treatment rather than through a reciprocal agreement Th
241. t descriptions to remove that column if necessary Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name B8 Quick Database Query WTO Integrated Database WTO Integrated Database option within Quick Database Query allows you to query WTO IDB database and to retrieve the tariffs and import values for a single tariff line reporting country and year This topic focuses on trade data retrieval For information about using this tool to retrieve trade information see Quick Database Query WTO Integrated Database page 133 in Working with protection data page 105 As explained in Background and principles about trade information page 36 IDB co
242. tariffied by participants before a tariff reduction was made Tariffied See Tariffication Tariff Peaks Tariffs that are particularly high Two measures of peaks are used International Peaks duties over 15 National Peaks duties over 3 times the average of the tariff structure Tariff rate quotas TRQs Measure under which a good is subject to a MFN tariff but a certain quantity the quota is admitted at a lower sometimes zero tariff TRQs are mainly applied to agricultural trade and can be seasonal Technical Barrier to Trade Trade restrictive effect arising from the application of technical regulations or standards such as testing requirements labeling requirements packaging requirements marketing standards certification requirements origin marking requirements health and safety regulations and sanitary and phytosanitary regulations Technical Regulation A mandatory requirement or standard specifying the characteristics that an imported product must meet Usually aimed to protect public health or safety See Technical Barrier to Trade Tier Hierarchical level of organization within a given nomenclature For example the Harmonized System HS nomenclature is composed of 3 tiers Chapter 2 digit code Heading 4 digit and Sub heading 6 digit The more digits the more categories and details Trade capacity The supply side ability capacity of a country to benefit from the opportunities offered by
243. te and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table To save the entire table click on the Save button located in the lower right hand corner of the output screen Doing so opens a Windows Save As screen which allows the specification of the Directory on your computer where the output is to be saved along with the file type Excel xls Tab txt or Comma csv delimited and a name WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data C4 Quick Database Query TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs option within Quick Database Query allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve the tariffs import values and non tariff measures NTMs for a single tariff line reporting country and year This topic focuses on protection data tariffs and non tariff measures retrieval For information about using this tool to retrieve trade information see Quick Database Query TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs page 56 in Working with trade data page 34 Opening TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs To open TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs 1 Click on Quick Database Query tab 2 Click on the TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs entry Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs TRAINS view
244. ted Zambia instead of Argentina available years would be different as seen in the attached screen capture Data Source Trains af Market Zambia v Year 2005 2005 Nomenclature HS 2002 Harmonized System 2002 lt reported gt _v Tier nis Product lt select product gt lt gt Tariff line selection is a two step process Selecting a tariff line is a two step process As a first step you select a Nomenclature and Tier in order to specify a Product category The product category to be selected is the one which the tariff line belongs to Indeed each country s national tariff line level structure is based on the HS nomenclature and all other listed nomenclatures are linked to HS using concordances Therefore once a nomenclature and a product category are selected WITS is able to retrieve the list of all national tariff lines belonging to the selection As a second step you select the desired tariff line from the list Click on the down arrow in the Nomenclature box and select your desired product classification Next select from the Tier box This option allows you to define which level of product categories you would like to select from Breakdown of Tier varies from nomenclature to nomenclature In case of HS you can select from Sub Heading 6 digit Heading 4 digit or Chapter 2 digit In example below we select HS 1996 in the Nomenclature box and Heading all 4 digit HS
245. the considered tariff In case of a group individual countries can be identified using another WITS tool called TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries see Using TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries page 195 For example N37 is the group of MERCOSUR members returns the name of the tariff measure returns the code for the type of tariff measure 002 for MFN Applied for example is not used at this stage WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Tools and Utilities Copying Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Press Ctrl C to copy 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts for more detailed information D4 Using TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries In the previous section you saw how to retrieve information about tariff measures available in TRAINS for a given country period TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries allows retrieving the list of partner countries affected by a given tariff measure For example we saw previously that N37 is the code for MERCOSUR countries as defined by Argentina for 2005 TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries returns the list of countries belonging to N37 To display information 1 Click Help and Information menu 2 In the menu select TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries The following panel is displ
246. the world market and MFN or preferential access to markets Trade Control Measures See Non Tariff Measures Trade creation Occurs when liberalization results in imports displacing less efficient local production and or expanding consumption that was previously thwarted by artificially high prices due to protection Trade diversion Occurs when a trade reform discriminates between different trading partners and a less efficient higher cost source displaces a more efficient lower cost one Can arise whenever some preferred suppliers are freed from barriers but others are not WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Trade integration Process of reducing barriers to trade and increasing participation in the international economy through trade Also used to describe efforts to integrate trade policy and strengthening of trade related institutions into a country s overall development strategy TRAINS See UNCTAD Trade Analysis and Information System Trigger Price See Maximum Minimum Price System U Unbound Duties A customs duty rate is unbound if it was never subject to a tariff concession during any GATT round of tariff negotiations see Tariff Binding UNCTAD United Nations Conference on Trade and Development UNCTAD Trade Analysis and Information System TRAINS HS based tariff line level database covering tariff para tariff and non tariff measures as well as import flows by origin for more than 140 countries
247. this module you will learn how to use the following Help and Information related tools available in WITS Tools for checking data availability o COMTRADE Catalog o TRAINS Catalog o WTO IDB Catalog o WTO CTS Catalog Nomenclature related tools o Available Classifications o Available Product Concordances A2 What is WITS WITS is software WITS gives access to international trade and protection related data and offers built in analytical tools allowing users to assess the impact of tariff changes WITS is software developed by the World Bank It includes several databases provided by partner international organizations and other sources This combination of various data sources within unique software makes data retrieval and analysis easy and more comprehensive WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics WITS is client server based WITS relies on client server technology mostly because of the size of the databases The complete set of data available from WITS is equivalent to 600 CD ROMs The WITS client must be installed on your computer It contains all features to define queries and to build simulations It communicates through the Internet with the WITS server which hosts databases and performs computation Result of each submitted job is transferred from the server to the client s computer WITS Features The WITS software is both A gateway to trade and protection raw data Quick Queries An analytical
248. tion Both commands display the Status panel as a separate window if called from the Advanced Query panel or as a panel in WITS main window if called from the Advanced Query menu The Status window called from the Advanced Query window rjw Custom Query Status x Date Seconds Sta 03 26 2006 4 12 00 PM 0 03 25 2006 amp 59 00 PM 0 GSIM TRAINS 03 24 2006 59 00AM 0 GSIM TRAINS 03 24 2006 3 58 00 AM 0 TRAINS 03 24 2006 2950 00 AM 0 TRAINS 03 24 2006 46 00AM 0 TRAINS 03 24 2006 9429 00 AM 0 GSIM TRAINS 03 24 2006 20 004M 0 COMTRADE 03 22 2006 2 04 00 PM 0 GSIM TRAINS 03 22 2006 1 56 00 PM 2 GSIM TRAINS 03 22 2006 1 56 00 PM 2 TRAINS 03 22 2006 1 50 00 PM 0 GSIM TRAINS 03 21 2006 4 55 00 PM 1 GSIM TRAINS 03 21 2006 4 55 00 PM 5 GSIM TRAINS 03 21 2006 4 38 00 PM 2 GSIM TRAINS 03 21 2006 3 08 00 PM 1 TRAINS 03 21 2006 3 04 00 PM 0 TRAINS 03 21 2006 2 52 00 PM 10 TRAINS 03 21 2006 2 46 00 PM 0 BIR I Show history Query name My First Query Test CMT Test Nomen Test Nomen Test NomeninrAQ 2005 Test NomerirrAQ2 Test NomeninAQ Test Nomen 0105 impots __ Test NullAHS NoPretScen Traded Test NullSHS NoPreiScen All Nul AHS _ Test PrefAgg PrefScenAll2 Test Pref AggPrefScen Traded2 Test Pret Agg NoPrefScen Tradd Test Pre AHS Null EUM Eud EU 01 lt 3 vereri DOCCEOPECOPOCCRCORPORRS R MEOSOPOSL OS oeseoseoosee WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data The Status
249. tners is selected WITS returns one row of information for each and every partner Armington Preferences Goods are differentiated imperfect substitutes by exporting country This assumption is used in the SMART model included in WITS in order to avoid a big bang solution Autonomous Duty See Statutory Duty WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Average Tariff A tariff average measures the average level of nominal tariff protection There are two types of tariff averages a simple average and a trade weighted average The example below illustrates how those two types of tariff averages are calculated Tariff line Duty Import Duty number rate value collected 0101 11 10 50 10 5 0101 11 90 10 100 10 0101 19 10 0 1000 0 0101 19 90 20 100 20 Total 80 1210 35 Tariff A PE SIMPLE Sum of duties Number of duties 80 4 20 TRADE WEIGHTED Sum of duties collected Total imports X100 35X100 1210 3 It should be noted that the trade weighted average is often lower than the arithmetic average This is because theoretically low duties carry more imports than high duties Subsequently in the trade weighted average low duties are given more weight than high duties thus introducing a downward bias In the arithmetic average each duty carries the same weight whatever its level Backward Conversion Consists of converting information from a given nomenclature to an older one Backward conversion
250. toms tariffs and international trade statistics to organize products through hierarchical categories Heading Second level sub category 4 digit used in the Harmonized System HS nomenclature Heterogeneous Goods Goods are imperfect substitutes Assumption used in SMART Homogenous Goods Goods are perfect substitutes HS See Harmonized System I IDB See WTO Integrated Database Implementation Period See Stages Of Reduction Import Licensing A procedure which must be followed by importers before they can import goods Intra industry trade Trade in which a country both exports and imports goods that are classified to be in the same industry ISO International Organization for Standardization WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes Item In WITS refers to a product selection mode in which product categories may be individually selected L Labeling Requirement either mandatory or voluntary to specify whether a product satisfies certain conditions relating to the process by which it was produced LDC See Least Developed Country Least Developed Country LDC A country that satisfies a number of criteria established by the United Nations that together imply a very low level of economic development As of 2002 the UN had classified 49 countries in the LDC group Used in WTO Subsidies Agreement where LDCs are granted differential treatment Least developed countries are accorded on some countries mark
251. type of file in the Save as type drop down list File name Trade Data Cameroon 2001 Save as type Excel xls K Text tab delimited txt csv Comma Delimited txt Choose EXCEL to save as an Excel file Choose TEXT to save as a text file using tabulations Tab to delimit the data columns Choose CSV to save as a text file using commas to delimit the data columns 4 Click the Save button to save the file Selecting Cells You can select cells to be copied in other software see Copy Paste above To select Do this A single cell Click the cell or press the arrow keys to move to the cell A range of cells Click the first cell of the range and then drag to the last cell Hold down the SHIFT key and extend the range by pressing the arrow keys WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes A large range of cells An entire row All cells till the end of the row or column Entire table Click the first cell in the range and then hold down the SHIFT key and click the last cell in the range You can scroll to make the last cell visible Click the row heading Product Code Partner ISO3 Partner Name WLD World Hold down the SHIFT and CTRL keys and extend the range by pressing the arrow keys Click the corner of the row and column headings Partner Name Trade V d 2 eg Cancel a selection of cells Click any cell WITS User Manual on Data Retrieva
252. ual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data a WITS View Custom Query Results Product Name WHT Wheat WHT Wheat WHT Wheat WHT Wheat Daity prod birds eggs natural honey ed Daity prod birds eggs natural honey ed Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey ed Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey ed Of a fat content by weight not exceeding Of a fat content by weight not exceeding Of a fat content by weight not exceeding Of a fat content by weight not exceeding WTO HS Industrial WTO HS Industrial WTO HS Industrial WTG_HS Indus WTO HS Industrial Pivoting a table Pivoting allows creating one separate column for each value of a given column A good case is to create one separate column for each Duty Type and to fill them with Simple Average tariff values The pivoting feature works with one statistic at a time To pivot a table 1 Open the Query View Designer 2 In the list of columns uncheck all columns you don t want in your final pivoted table at least the statistics which are not involved in the pivoting and click on Tally Selected Items to bring all selected columns at the top of the list The window should look as below Query View Designer Choose Report Headings and Columns Long Names Can be Edited Reporter Partner Product ad 4 DuyType Simple Average SelectedNomen NativeNomen Tally Selected Items lt I Ui WITS User Manua
253. uce individual tariff results for each and every reporter belonging to groups selected as reporter Check Include partner country group breakdowns to produce individual tariff results for each and every partner belonging to groups selected as partner Include product group breakdowns is a feature to be released in a future version of WITS Trade Options These features will be released in a future version of WITS Notifications These features will be released in a future version of WITS WTO Special Option For WTO based query an additional option is displayed identified in blue in the screenshot below eo WITS Query My first query al Tariff Optional Indices Breakdowns Include market reporter group breakdowns Include partner country group breakdowns r Trade Options M Use alternative source if trade is missing in WTO IDB o r Notifications M Notify user when query is finished Email results to Output File Format WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Even if TRAINS and WTO IDB Advanced Query produce tariff focused statistics imports data are taken into account Indeed WITS retrieves tariff data based on existing trade imports If no imports are reported for a given combination of reporter partner and product the tariff line will not be included The only exception to that principle occurs when selecting World as partner In such case all tariff lines ar
254. ucts for one reporter country one year and one or all partners at the national tariff line level o TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs allows you to query TRAINS database and to retrieve import values and quantities for one product at the national tariff line level for all partners o WTO View and Export Raw Data allows you to query WTO IDB database and to retrieve import values and quantities of all traded products for one reporter country one year and one or all partners at the national tariff line level o WTO Integrated Database allows you to query WTO IDB database and to retrieve import values and quantities for one product at the national tariff line level for all partners o WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data allows you to query WTO IDB database and to retrieve import values and quantities for one product at the national tariff line level for all partners WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Since TRAINS and WTO IDB contain trade data but also market protection related information their respective Quick Database Query tools allow retrieving both types of information This module focuses on protection policy measures tariffs and non tariff barriers aspects related to trade flows are discussed in Working with Trade Data The Advanced Query tool offers many more features It can compute summary statistics minimum maximum mean standard deviation etc on tariff rates applied to user specified
255. uctures MFN for example at a time or all of them by selecting All Duty Codes However retrieving all duty codes in one query is not recommended since the output will be a table that is very large and difficult to manage WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data Select Dala Type Torts Raw Dota l Reporter European Urson l agoslaves Preferential tant for Learnt Developed Countess Preterential tant for Mesco Preferential tant for Alp Finally click on View Data to retrieve results Understanding Output Data Tariff Raw Data Clicking on View Data sends the query to the WITS server which returns results in the table as demonstrated below Texts Raw Data l Reporter European Urson Select Data Type Duty Code MFN duties Acphed Patne Name ANaxem MeanreCode MeosweName 8 2005 0101101000 000 Word 0 m2 MFN duties Appbed a8 2005 0101103010 000 Wodd 77 002 MPN duties Apphed ELE 2005 0101108080 000 Wodd 77 m2 MFN dues Apgied 8 2005 0101901100 000 Wodd 6 002 MFN duties Apghed 318 2005 0101901300 000 Wo d 11 5 002 MFN des Apoted 8 2005 0101303000 000 Wodd 77 me MFN dudes Apohed EAL 2005 0101505000 000 Wold 103 002 MFN dudes Apebed e 2005 0102101000 000 Wodd 0 m2 MFN cubes Appbed a8 2005 0102103000 000 Wodd 0 02 MFN dubes App ed ns 2005 0102109000 000 Wodd 0 002 MFN duties Appted ne 2005 0102900510 000 Word 002 MFN duties Appted 10 2 3 1
256. uery click on the Submit button located at the top of the Advanced Query panel Submit Please note that gray disable Submit button indicates your query is not completed at least one dimension is not selected or needs to be saved When you click on Submit the following window is displayed WITS Query My First Query i Breakdowns Include market reporter group breakdowns Include partner country group breakdowns r Trade Options r Notifications M Notify user when query is finished 7 Email results to Output File Format f __ y Cancel OK WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data When submitting a COMTRADE Advanced Query a few options are available Breakdowns If groups of countries reporters or and partners are included in the query this options allows including individual country results in addition to group aggregates Check Include market reporter group breakdowns to produce individual tariff results for each and every reporter belonging to groups selected as reporter Check Include partner country group breakdowns to produce individual tariff results for each and every partner belonging to groups selected as partner Include product group breakdowns is a feature to be released in a future version of WITS Trade Options These features will be released in a future version of WITS Notifications These features will be released in a future ve
257. umn heading in WITS Interface Components page 199 for detailed information Sorting Data You can also sort the data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings Copying Output Data You can copy the entire table or a portion and paste it in other software 1 Select the cells to be copied 2 Right click on your selection and choose Copy in the popup menu 3 Go to the destination application and Paste the copied selection If you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the Output Table Saving is not available in this query module WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data C5 Quick Database Query WTO View and Export Raw Data WTO View and Export Raw Data option within Quick Database Query allows you to retrieve tariffs and import values at the national tariff line level for the complete tariff structure one reporting country and one year This topic focuses on tariff data retrieval For information about using this tool to retrieve trade information see Quick Database Query WTO View and Export Raw Data page 61 in Working with trade data page 34 Opening WTO View and Export Raw Data To open WTO V
258. untries by using the vertical scrollbar to the right of the selection box As you select new countries their names will appear in the query definition tree under the Partner Countries folder To delete a previously selected country click on the box with a checkmark Select All ee ree _Selectan Select all individual countries in a single click Unselect All bess Spt te F Unselect Al Reset your individual country selections The Partner regions list is the list where you can select from pre defined group aggregates or your own customized groups Place a checkmark next to the desired country group s Use the scrollbar to the right of the selection box to view all existing country aggregates As you select new groups their names will appear in the query definition tree under the Partner Countries folder To delete a previously selected region s click on the box with a checkmark In Advanced Query a region or group of country can be used to o Select corresponding individual countries in one click useful if you often use the same countries in your queries WITS will return individual trade values for each country belonging to the group in the output table o And or select a group of countries to return aggregated results To learn how to create customized country groups see Building and Managing Country Groups page 185 You will specify when submitting the query whether you want aggregated or individual results for
259. untry Period 1 Click on Quick Database Query tab 2 Click on the COMTRADE by Country Period entry Quick Database Query Analytical Tools Advanced Query Utilities Help and Information Comtrade by Product Comtrade by Country Period TRAINS Trade Tariffs NTBs r TRAINS view and Export Raw Data TRAINS User Criteria TRAINS NTB Frequencies at HS 2 Digit WTO Integrated Database WTO view and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export Raw Data WTO CTS View and Export 6 Digit Raw Data AMAD View and Export Raw Data CEPII View and Export Raw Data The following screen will be displayed Criteria Nomenclature HS 1988 92 Tie Chapter all 2 digit v FIE imports X Reporting County Albania Y Year 2004 v View data Show product Partner Country i lt AllPattners gt v Defining a Query You would specify your query by selecting from all dimensions Nomenclature Tier Flow Product Years Reporters and Partners You can select only one item in each list Begin by selecting a Nomenclature Tier classification level and Flow by clicking on each down arrow and highlighting your choice in each of the drop down boxes Click on the down arrow in the Nomenclature box and select your desired product classification You choice for a nomenclature depends first on data availability for the WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data considered country and then on your n
260. uropean Union is treated differently from on database to another In COMTRADE European Union EU was recently added as reporter and partner in COMTRADE However coverage is still very limited for EU as a reporter partner in the database and it is not recommended to use European Union as an individual country in your COMTRADE advanced queries It is recommended instead to use the EU groups of countries EU15 and EEC25 in the Advanced Queries Moreover if you want to retrieve trade between EU and the rest of the world you will have to create a specific World group excluding EU members from the list Otherwise EU intra trade flows will be included in the results In TRAINS and WTO IDB In both databases you will find EU as an individual reporter partner EU individual members are normally included in the databases only prior to their EU accession The reason is that TRAINS and IDB are tariff driven and EU members use a common tariff structure WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data B3 Quick Database Query COMTRADE by Country Period COMTRADE by Country Period allows you to query COMTRADE database and to access trade values and quantities of all traded products for one reporter country one year and one or all partners This query module is especially helpful if you want to identify most traded products imports and exports for a given country Opening COMTRADE by Country Period To open COMTRADE by Co
261. ut flowers etc ODA 07 Edible vegetables and certain roots and tubers ible fruit A i r E Note than when a category is expanded its folder icon is changed into an open folder icon amp You can close an expanded branch by double clicking on the parent category Once the end of the structure the leaf is reached there is no more subcategory and the leaf category is identified by a sheet icon B JS Total trade 1S 01 Live animals OA 02 Meat and edible meat offal OE 03 Fish amp crustacean mollusc amp other aquatic invertebrate CS 0301 Live fish O amp A 0302 Fish fresh or chilled excluding fish fillets and other fish m PIE 030410 Fresh or chilled OE 030420 Frozen fillets OE 030490 Other OA 0305 Fish dried salted or in brine smoked fish whether or not O amp A 0306 Crustaceans whether in shell or not live fresh chilled fro OA 0307 Molluscs whether in shell or not live fresh chilled froze OS 04 Dairy prod birds eggs natural honey edible prod nes To select products by item 1 Select the desired classification in the Nomenclature list 2 Select Items in Select product by 3 Expand the corresponding branch in order to display the desired category 4 Check the box in front of the desired category The selected category is added in the Products folder 5 Repeat steps 1 and 2 until your selection is completed Selected items are displayed in the Products folder WITS Us
262. where imported goods can be stored or processed without being subject to import duty Also called a free zone free port or bonded warehouse See also Export Processing Zone Formula Approach Method of negotiating down tariffs or other barriers to trade by applying a general rule formula For example a rule specifying that all tariffs are to be cut to a certain fraction of their initial level or that an agreement should cover a certain proportion of economic activity sectors Free on board FOB The price of a traded good including its value and the costs associated with loading it on a ship or aircraft but excluding international transportation freight costs insurance and payments for other services involved in moving the good to the point of final consumption Free Trade Area A group of countries in which the tariffs and other barriers are eliminated on substantially all trade between them Each member maintains its own external trade WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Annexes policy against nonmembers Also called free trade agreement or free trade arrangement Contrasts with Custom Union G G 20 International forum of finance ministers and central bank governors representing 19 countries plus the EU Created in 1999 by the G 7 with the aim to promote discussion study and review of policy issues among industrialized and emerging market countries to promote international financial stability The Managing Directo
263. with Trade Data Data Source indicates the queried database CMT for COMTRADE TRN for TRAINS or WTO for IDB Refreshing the Status window information Let s say your query is not ready when you first check the Status window Since the job is not ready the binocular icon will not be displayed in the View column Moreover the Status column will indicate Waiting or Running It may also indicate Aborted and in such a case the binocular will never be displayed Information in the Status window is not automatically updated but is refreshed when you click on the Refresh button reproduced below Using the Refresh button is equivalent to closing and reopening the Status window information is updated After a while your query will be completed and results ready as indicated by the binocular in the View column Opening Query Results Results can be accessed only when your query is completed To open the Result window click on the binocular in front of the specific query B9e Advanced Query The Result Table When clicking on the binocular in the Status window the following result window will be displayed WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data WITS View Custom Query Results Total Trac Phaimace Australia Total Trac Australia Pharmace Australia Total Trac Australia Phaimace Mercosur Mercosur merco group Total Trac Mercosur Mercosur merco group Edible off Mercosur Mercosur merco g
264. xtile WTOTEX2 WTO Clothing The selected aggregate is displayed in the Products folder w4 Query Data Selections for TRN amp Reporters Markets B Argentina ARG E Bangladesh BGD EB ANDEAN country group ANDEAN amp Products HS Combined E 010410 Sheep EB 02 Meat and edible meat offal Ei 0103 Live swine Partner Countries Years SELECTING PRODUCT BY SEARCH Select Product By Search allows you to do a text search and find all products in which a specific string appears Selecting this option will display a new screen as shown below You can perform a search in all existing nomenclatures by using the default ALL located within the Nomenclature box or you can choose any of the existing nomenclatures from the list box We will do a search on all existing nomenclatures and find all items in which the word Textile appears Type Textile in the Search Text box and click on Search button The system finds total number of 680 products Now you can use the scrollbar to view all the products and place a checkmark in check boxes to the left of each product Finally click on OK The selected products from the search panel will be added to the Products dimension WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Protection Data To select products from Search Select Search in Select product by 2 In Search in select a single nomenclature or ALL 3 In Search Text enter th
265. y designed for the transport of pers x Item 1 of 15 Tanff Lines 87032100 De cilindrada inferior o igual a 1 000 cm3 X Tarif Schedules ParaT arif Schedules Non Tariff Barriers Imports Trade Yale 000 US Quantity Qty Name Oty Unit Qty Code Partner Code Wald 56 492 000 12 100 000 Weight Kg 166 K 000 Brazil 39 063 000 7 454 000 Weight Kg 166 K 076 Korea Rep 8 983 000 1 874 000 Weight Kg 166 K 410 Japan 6 470 000 1 792 000 Weight Kg 166 K 392 United States 1 180 000 362 000 Weight Kg 166 K 840 Taiwan China 562 000 573 000 Weight Kg 166 K 158 Span 87 000 13 000 Weight Kg 166 K 724 China 62 000 26 000 Weight Kg 166 K 156 United Kingdom 34 000 2 000 Weight Kg 166 K 826 Arnentina 1R NAN 2000 Weih Ka IRR K na M Resizing columns Any columns can be resized as in MS Excel by positioning the mouse on the right boundary of the column s heading and dragging See Column heading in WITS Interface Components page199 for detailed information Sorting Data You can also sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of Trade Value once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest trade value to the highest If you click twice on any WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This ca
266. y such as kg for kilogram NetWeight is weight of the reported quantity Sorting Data You can sort the displayed data in ascending descending order by clicking on the desired column heading For example if you click on the column heading of Trade Value once the data will be sorted in ascending order In other words the data will be sorted according to the lowest trade value to the highest If you click twice on any column heading the data will be sorted in descending order This can be done for all columns headings In the screen below the data is sorted in descending order based on trade values WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Working with Trade Data Product Code PartnerISO3 Partner Name rade Value 000 Quantity Shot Name Net Weigh a Total USA USAPR USVI pearance NA USAPR USVI 7 929 372 452 3 USA PRUSVI 7 823 111 634 USAPR USVI 3 474 046 736 USAPR USVI 3 392 187 033 USAPR USVI 2 520 479 458 USAPR USVI 2 385 274 891 USA PR USVI 2 271 578 468 USA PRUSVI 1 775 542 484 USA PR USVI 1 299 476 623 USAPR USVI 914 104 111 USA PRUSVI 878 863 432 USA PR USVI 774 842 977 USA PR USVI 648 537 675 84 185 90 12 188 139 29 52 47 38 72 Sorting by descending trade values makes easier identifying China s most imported products from USA as demonstrated above Displaying Product Description Product codes are not self explanatory What is 84 You can put a checkmark in Show product descriptions box to se
267. you are not familiar with copy paste and other basic operations see WITS Basic Computer Related Concepts page 208 for more detailed information Saving the IDB Catalog The catalog can be saved as an Excel file by clicking on the Save button at the bottom right of the panel Checking Data Availability in WTO CTS As described in The Databases page 14 WTO CTS contains final bound tariff information using the HS nomenclature from 1995 whenever available To open the WTO CTS catalog 1 Click on Help and Information to open the menu 2 Click on the WTO CTS Catalog entry The Help and Information Menu Help and Information COMTRADE Catalog TRAINS Catalog WTO IDB Catalog Available Classifications R TRAINS Tariff Measures TRAINS Preference Beneficiaries Available Product Concordances Help Wits Information Web Site About WITS WITS User Manual on Data Retrieval Basics The following panel is displayed WTO CTS Catalog Country Code 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 ALB 008 B Angola AGO 024 B Antiqua and Barbuda ATG 028 B Argentina ARG 032 B Armenia ARM 051 B Australia AUS 036 B Bahrain BHA 048 B Bangladesh BGD 050 B Barbados BRB 052 B Belize BLZ 084 B Benin BEN 204 B Bolivia BOL 068 B Botswana BWA 072 B Brazil BRA 076 B Brunei BRAN 096 B Bulgaria BGA 100 B Rikina Fasn RFA ARA R Rows retumedc 127 Codes used above mean the following A pum 3 B Bound Rates Data availa

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