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Manual of Operation and Instruction

1. 3430 Gauge Scaler Assembly Figure 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 1 2 3 4 1 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 Model 3430 LIST OF TABLES Title Page Model 3430 Keypad 3 3 Values for Thin Lift Overlays 4 13 Radiation Profile for Model 3430 Gauge 9 Radiation Profile for Model 3430 M Gauge A 10 AXTROYLER Table 3 1 4 1 1 2 ATTENTION GAUGE OWNER This gauge contains functions that require an ACCESS CODE This code must be entered before these functions may be used For more information on using the access code refer to the specific function in Chapter 5 The ACCESS CODE for this gauge is 4678 This page should be removed if the access code is not to be distributed to other parties or users of this gauge Model 3430 xi A TROYLER NOTES xii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION THE MODEL 3430 z 2 9 0 9 2 This chapter provides a general introduction to the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge and its applications Also included are a list of the gauge parts and accessories instructions for unpacking and inspecting the system and guidelines for site selections CONTENTS Introd ctioti eoe etre b tet e te eed 1 2 Gauge Parts and 1 4
2. Inhibit function enables the gauge owner or operator to disable the 15 second count option When this function is enabled the 3430 gauge can only conduct one or four minute counts To disable the 15 second count option first access the Special functions by pressing SPECIAL Use the up or down arrows to display 15 SECONDS ENTER To access the 5 second Inhibit function press START ENTER 0 This feature requires the input of the access code found in the front of this manual Using the up and down arrow keys to select the correct number for the flashing digit enter the access code To accept the flashing value and select the next digit press START ENTER gt Ifthe 15 second count option is currently enabled the gauge 15 SECONDS Want to DISABLE displays Press ON YES to disable the 15 second count option The gauge returns to the Ready mode gt If the 15 second count option is currently disabled the gauge displays 15 SECONDS Want to ENABLE Press ON YES to enable the 15 second count option The gauge returns to the Ready mode 5 12 AXTROYLER 2 gt z gt o z E I m O lt APPENDIX A RADIATION THEORY AND SAFETY This appendix is required reading for anyone who will operate the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge This information covers radiation theory along with a brief explanation of radiation statistics and radiati
3. 9 D m Q gt 2 O 2 press START for 20 min Stat Test To begin the twenty counts press START ENTER The gauge will display the stat test count progress as shown below STAT TEST Rdg xx sec Upon completion of the stat test the gauge displays the pass fail status If the stat test fails repeat the test twice more If two out of three stat tests fail contact Troxler If the stat test passes the display 18 D PASS M PASS 1 to view data To view the stat test data use the up and down arrow keys Dens R xxxx 7 to view data Dens Avg xxxx 7 4 to view data Model 3430 5 3 AXTROYLER Moist R xxxx 1 to view data Moist Avg xxxx 1 to view data 20 D xxxx M xxxx Use 1 8 keys 4 DRIFT TEST If the stat test has already been performed and passed but gauge readings seem to drift between tests the drift test can check the long term drift of the 3430 gauge A drift test consists of five 4 minute counts taken approximately 3 to 8 hours after completion of a stat test with no movement of the gauge between tests Pass fail limits are set using the percent difference between the average of the stat and drift test results If the percent difference exceeds 0 5 for density or 1 for moisture the drift test fails 9 D m Q gt 2 O 2 NOTE The gauge should 7707 be turned o
4. To access the Special functions press SPECIAL To access the Specific Gravity feature press the down arrow five times and press START ENTER SG 2 70 or ENTER To change the value of the flashing digit use the up and down arrows To accept the flashing value and select the next digit press START ENTER If a value is not entered the default value is the specific gravity for soil grains 2 70 Model 3430 5 7 VOIDLESS DENSITY The Voidless Density function allows the input of the theoretical voidless density value of the material being measured This value is used in the Voids calculation To access the Special functions press SPECIAL To access the Voidless Density feature press the down arrow six times and press START ENTER VD or ENTER To change the value of the flashing digit use the up and down arrows To accept the flashing value and select the next digit press START ENTER SET UNITS For information on the Set Units feature see Chapter 3 5 8 A TROYLER CALIBRATION CONSTANTS The Calibration Constants function allows the operator to change the mathematical constants used for calculating a test result If the gauge has been repaired or the memory has been lost the constants must be verified or re entered NOTE Each 3430 gauge contains a unique set of constants The constants used in one gauge will not work in another gauge The constants fo
5. 3 8 5 2 6 6 6 6 __ ___ 3 _ tesis A 3 Model 3450 Index 1 Density Measurement theory 2 2 4 2 4 3 Motdless e deeem pci teer eios 5 8 Depth P ncti tb ii 3 8 Setting mee eie reU 3 8 Direct transmission GeOIDelLy cic bein deae iei edet tet ets 2 3 libn EL 2 2 Display langiages eet 5 11 2 ue eere Ee e E 7 A 11 o TESE 5 5 Etfect of 5 4 11 Electrical specifications eese B 5 Emergency response Informations te ate t D 2 Telephone number eite deett feb etate D 3 Encapsulation nete ER eee A 11 G Gasket replacement eene ete eerte ees C 14 Gauge ASSembly nh aan 16 6 2 3 3 4 Nip p ES B 6 Geiger Mueller G M tubes sess 2 2 006 7 2 3 H Handle Assembly source rod C 18 POSIMONS ideo 3 4 Index 2 AXTROYLER Index rod positions eerte Een dde 3 4 Inhibit 15 second enne enne 5 12 K cniin idet it uti te e pe ee t He a rete 3 2 L Language display oreco 2 eu eo eene
6. 3430 GAUGE SLIDING BLOCK iL adn IL FLAT HD SCREWS 4 BOTTOM PLATE N iL Figure C 1 Removing the Tungsten Sliding Block Ere HER Model 3430 C 13 GASKET REPLACEMENT Four gaskets seal the gauge from moisture dirt and debris Condensation may form inside the gauge if the gauge has been out in extremely wet weather or in high humidity or if it is used in the cold and stored in a warm building In this case remove the topshell and allow the gauge to dry If necessary use a hairdryer on low heat to remove any built up moisture If moisture continues to be a problem or debris is present inside the gauge base the gaskets may need replacing To replace the control panel gasket loosen the four screws in the corners of the panel and remove the panel from the gauge topshell Use care in removing the panel and ribbon cable Gently peel the old gasket from the panel and replace with a new gasket Replace the connectors and the control panel To replace the two post gaskets and the topshell gasket remove the screws that hold the topshell to the gauge base Gently peel the gaskets away from the topshell and gauge base and replace Tighten topshell screws to 6 in Ib If replacing the post gaskets slide them over the source rod A light coating of talcum powder on the inside of the new post gasket will aid in reassembly 14 AXTROYLER LEAK TESTING Unless specified otherwise by your
7. Upon entry completion the gauge will indicate that the special calibration is enabled and return to the Ready mode Note that when the gauge is turned off the Special Calibration is disabled SPECIAL CALIB ENABLED GAUGE CALCULATED CALIBRATION The true density of the sample and a gauge reading must be performed on the material for the special calibration routine to adjust the gauge calibration NOTE When using destructive methods such as drilling cores or sample removal for true density measurement take gauge readings before removing samples To select the depth and or exit press START ENTER Depth xx in or ENTER To scroll through the numerals for the depth of the measurement press the up and down keys To select the next field and or exit press START ENTER If calibration counts have not been taken the gauge will take four one minute counts The gauge provides the operator with a partial calibration feature Since a partial calibration allows the operator to enter the density after taking counts it is helpful to those performing destructive material testing If the operator has previously taken calibration counts the gauge asks if these counts should be used in calibrating the gauge To use the previous counts press ON YES The gauge will then request the density To take new counts press OFF NO gt lt 2 m m 22 gt 2 3430 4 9
8. eee B 5 O Mechanical Specifications B 6 5 e 2 7 Model 3430 B 1 MEASUREMENT SPECIFICATIONS DENSITY AT 2000 KG M Direct Transmission 150 mm 25min 4 min Precision kg m 8 3 40 1 70 Composition error kg m 20 0 20 0 20 0 Surface error kg m 17 0 17 0 17 0 100 Void Backscatter 98 100 mm 25 min 1 min 4 min Precision kg m 16 0 8 00 4 00 Composition error kg m 40 0 40 0 40 0 Surface error kg m 75 0 75 0 75 0 100 Void MOISTURE AT 240 KG M 25min 4 min Precision kg m 10 3 5 1 2 6 Precision is defined as one 1 standard deviation in density readings This number is calculated by the ratio of the standard deviation in the counting rate and the slope of the calibration curve at a given density B 2 TROXLER 9 D m Q a gt 2 8 3 4 min t0 11 t1 25 1 06 50 25 2 50 4 68 DENSITY AT 125 PCF Direct Transmission 6 inches Precision pcf 0 42 0 21 Composition error pcf 1 25 1 25 Surface error pcf 1 06 1 06 100 Void Backscatter 98 4 inches 25min Precision pcf 1 00 0 50 Composition error pcf 2 50 2 50 Surface error pcf 4 68 4 68 100 Void MOISTURE AT 15 PCF 25min Precision 0 64 0 32 Model 3430 RADIOLOGICAL SPECIFICATIONS Gamma Source 0 3 10 GBq 8 10 mCi cesium 137 Neutron Source
9. 4 2 eet etd eie dae 4 2 4 3 Moist 4 2 4 4 erem e eO EYE d 4 2 4 6 Operation 4 1 3 1 Special 6110 05 5 1 8 6 2 1 C 25 L Parameter Set p e n tue apt uda E Mte e M Hedge 3 7 Parts ru EE 1 4 5 10001 C 16 Position Sale xA e 0 etes 3 4 Source Rod gie eet aes one Hecate 3 4 Preamplifier assembly eere C 20 Proctor 3 8 0 Quantity SOUICe 8 4 Index 4 AXTROYLER 1 Ha ROI A 3 Radiation 1 Profile 030 Rte tete 8 9 Profile 3430 8 10 0 A 5 16 1078 8 4 eor eee DR ede A 4 nene metere A 3 A 2 A 3 NV POS sir tet eee o Perna n A 5 Reading radia E cee 3 17 3 15 5 2 Reference standard 1 4 3 10 5 3 Replacement Gaskets 3 eii eode eR IRR een ee C 14 eg eripe C 16 Returning
10. 4 Standard 3 10 L 1 Standards AS M M MM 1 2 Stat M 5 2 es 5 2 9 3 3 3 10 EE 1 7 T Temperature operating B 6 Test reading m ine m Ge tie tea ere 5 10 Theory Density M 2 2 Moisture 000 4 0 0 2 5 Thermoluminescent dosimeter TLD 7 Thin layer 4 11 Time function eee Ceo toes th eeu o He cobre 3 8 BED e ERR I pe eee qiie 7 00 4 11 Training D 3 Transport CaS6 irte meer tte erii 1 4 A 8 Index 6 TROXLER Transportation D 2 0 ette HO ae aa 4 2 4 6 Aroubleshootlng z x eee lowe Rete ene C 2 Tungsten sliding block maintenance eese C 12 U V W 3 7 COnVertng iei pen eie pe apri dete F 1 Unpacking and 1 6 5 2 V oidless density 5 8 6 Model 3450 Index 7 NOTES Index 8 A TROYLER NOTES ALNVHHVM Model 3430 Warranty 1 2 7
11. 4 3 Moisture tet 4 4 Trench Offsets iii em daten teet dette dee 4 6 Special Calibrations eese nennen nnn 4 7 Entering a New B Value eese 4 8 Gauge calculated Calibration eee 4 9 Thin Layer Measurements eese 4 11 gt lt 2 m D gt 2 3430 4 1 OFFSETS The Model 3430 is factory calibrated for soils asphalt and concrete with an approximate density range of 1100 to 2700 kg m 70 to 170 pcf With an offset the operator can adjust the gauge readings to correlate to traditional laboratory methods such as core samples The 3430 gauge provides three offsets density moisture and trench NOTE When an offset has been enabled all future readings will automatically be adjusted with the offset factor regardless of the test site It is very important that the operator disable the offset function prior to taking readings on materials that do not require an offset Offsets are disabled if the gauge is turned off for more than 10 seconds Density offsets are common when the material being measured is outside the range of 70 to 170 pcf 1121 to 2723 kg m or if the material composition varies from average soil asphalt on which the factory calibration is based Moisture offsets are required for accurate measurements if the material to be measured contains element
12. 631 0541 Gilchinger Strasse 33 D 82239 Alling nr Munich Germany Phone 49 8141 71063 Southwestern Branch Office 1 2016 East Randol Mill Road E mail troxlerG t online de Suite 406 Arlington TX 76011 Fax 817 275 8562 NOTE To locate an independent Troxler authorized service center near you call 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 C 28 TROXLER APPENDIX D TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING 2 gt 2 v O X gt O Z Devices containing radioactive materials must be transported in accordance with the rules of the U S Department of Transportation DOT and the International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA The IAEA recommendations have been codified in the International Air Transport Association IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations International customers should consult their local government or licensing authority for applicable regulations CONTENTS U S Shipping D 2 Accident Notification Requirements eese D 3 Hazmat Training ie eite ute gm eet D 3 Canadian Shipping Requirements seen D 4 Model 3430 D 1 U S SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS The U S DOT hazmat regulations 49 CFR Parts 100 185 apply any time a nuclear device is transported by motor vehicle on a public highway or by other means of transport rail air ship The major requirements for transporting a nuclear gauge in the United States are lis
13. Offset function press ON YES K 0 0 or ENTER The first digit will flash To input a minus sign for a negative offset press the down arrow first To scroll through the possible values for each digit press the arrow key To select the next digit press START ENTER When all digits are entered the gauge will enable the offset The display will be Moist Offset ON gt lt 2 m D gt 2 3430 4 5 TRENCH OFFSETS If the Model 3430 gauge is to be used for moisture or density measurements in a trench or within two feet 0 6 m of a large vertical structure a trench offset may be required If used the trench offset adjusts all moisture measurements but only the density measurements from backscatter through four inches 10 cm To perform a trench offset V Take the daily standard count outside the trench and record the density count DS and moisture count MS values X Place the gauge on the reference standard block in the trench the same distance from the wall as the anticipated readings Do not take another standard count X Set the count time to four minutes V4 With the source rod in the SAFE standard count position take 8 four minute count To start the count press the START ENTER key 4 Record the trench density count DCr encn and moisture count MCrrencn V Subtract the daily standard count values from the trench count
14. Therefore the higher the moisture content in the material being measured the smaller the depth of measurement The normalized curve set shown in Figure 2 4 illustrates the effect of moisture content on the depth of measurement Model 3430 2 5 0 12 7 XM 5 95 96 kg m 11 0 17 X M Depthg 32 3 pcf s S s x 0 20 8 Y S 6 8 1 280 0 2 336 kg m 300 Figure 2 4 Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement 250 80XI 56 521 kg m3 200 Depth in Depthg 150 Depth mm 100 50 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 640 560 480 400 320 240 160 80 Gauge Measured Moisture Content pcf Gauge Measured Moisture Content kg m 2 6 CHAPTER 3 OPERATING THE GAUGE This chapter explains the basic operation of the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge Instructions for conducting a daily gauge inspection setting gauge parameters taking the daily standard count preparing the site positioning the gauge and taking moisture and density measurements are included CONTENTS The Keypad oet dde Nani Retell 3 2 rennen 3 4 o Daily Inspections ue etm ae te e RU ERR 3 5 Turning the Gauge 3 6 5 70 Gauge Parameter Setup ient
15. Unpacking and Inspection eee 1 6 Storage Site Selection esse tente 1 7 Model 3430 1 1 INTRODUCTION The Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge can quickly and precisely determine the moisture and density of soils soil bases aggregate concrete and asphaltic concrete without the use of core samples or other destructive methods Using direct transmission or backscattered gamma radiation the 3430 gauge determines the density of materials by counting the number of photons emitted by a cesium 137 source Geiger Mueller G M detectors located in the gauge base detect the gamma radiation and a microprocessor converts the counts into a density reading Using the principle of neutron thermalization the Model 3430 determines the moisture content of soils and soil like materials Hydrogen water in the material slows neutrons emitted from an americium 241 beryllium source or californium 252 in the Model 3430 M Helium 3 detectors located in the gauge base detect the slowed neutrons The nuclear method of testing density and moisture has been approved by the American Society of Testing and Materials ASTM The Model 3430 meets or exceeds all the requirements of ASTM Standards C1040 D2922 D2950 and D3017 Some information contained in this manual is used in training courses offered by Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc and to assist purchasers in obtaining a Radioactive Materials License fr
16. accident that occurs during the course of transportation including loading unloading and temporary storage in which fire breakage spillage or suspected contamination occurs involving shipment of radioactive materials 2 gt 2 v O X gt o z Hazmat Training The U S DOT regulations require every hazmat employer to train test certify and maintain records for each hazmat employee Hazmat training applies to anyone who transports or prepares for transport radioactive materials Refresher training is required every three years Model 3430 D 3 CANADIAN SHIPPING REQUIREMENTS The Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations TDG and Transport Packaging of Radioactive Materials Regulations TPRM apply any time a nuclear device used in commerce is transported by any means in Canada For training and accident notification requirements consult the Transportation Of Dangerous Goods Regulations For further information on transporting a nuclear device contact the transportation section of The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC 4 AXTROYLER APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG Use the form in this appendix as a guide when recording the daily standard counts To verify gauge stability compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four recorded standard counts o gt z gt o o C Model 3430 E 1 STANDARD COUNT LOG G
17. base 1 3 105299 3430 3440 Preamplifier Assembly 1 4 106340 Gasket Depth Strip Hole 1 5 104149 3430 Battery Assembly w case 1 6 105298 High Voltage Cover Box 1 7 100989 Gasket Molded for Base Post 1 8 106068 3430 Topshell 1 9 105300 3430 Nameplate 1 10 104122 Radiation Label 1 11 000900 0621 Screw 4 114 Dia x 3 16 Drive 8 12 1 Screw 6 32 x 5 8 SHCS w Insert 4 13 105301 3430 Front Panel Assembly 1 14 102662 Scaler Label 3401 3411 1 15 101603 1010 Roll Pin 3 32 D X 5 8 L Index Rod Top 1 16 106367 Gasket Flat Tower do not use on old 1 topshell 17 018128 0001 Loctite 290 Wick amp Seal 18 102096 3400 Cap Screw 1 19 102103 Cap Screw Bumper 1 C 16 AXTROYLER C 17 Model 3430 MAINTENANCE Figure C 2 3430 Gauge Assembly BASE MECHANICAL ASSEMBLY Match the reference number Ref shown below with the correct part in Figure C 3 on the opposite page Description 3400 Base Machining 3400 Sliding Block 3400 Round Bioshield Bottom Plate Assembly Wiper Cap Source Rod Bearing 2 required Source Plug 3200 3400 Shield Spring 3400 Screw 10 32 x 1 2 FHMS Phil SS Seal Wiper Seal Oil ID 5 8 ID Fitting 3 16 Grease w Serrated Shank Alemite 17288 Screw 5 16 18 x 3 8 Set Screw 3 32 Dia x 5 16 L Roll Pin Lubricant Magnalube G 14 5 oz Baseplate Gasket Loctite 242 Spring Guide Part Number 105256 100996 102351 105264 102069 1000 104594 102130 102399 00060
18. elapsed the gauge displays the measurement results in a series of six screens as follows Use the up and down arrows to scroll through the various screens 3 18 AXTROYLER WD XXXXX MA DD xxxxx PCF Use 1 amp keys Moist PCF 96 Moist XX X 96 VOIDS XX X 96 100 MA XX X MOIST CR xx x DENS CR xx x M Count xxxxx D Count xxxxx WD Wet density in kg m or pcf MA Percent Marshall This value is valid only if an appropriate target has been entered for the material being tested DD Dry density in kg m or pcf MOIST Moisture value in kg m or pef MOIST Percent moisture VOIDS 100 1 WD VOIDLESS 100 MA Value given by subtracting the percent Marshall value from 100 MOIST CR Moisture count ratio DENS CR Density count ratio M Count Moisture counts as read by the gauge D Count Density counts as read by the gauge where o gt v m 2 gt gt Model 3430 3 19 NOTES 3 20 A TROYLER CHAPTER 4 ADVANCED GAUGE OPERATION This chapter provides instructions for using the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge in special circumstances where the gauge may require an offset or special calibration This chapter also explains the procedure for using the gauge to measure thin layers of asphalt CONTENTS 4 2 Density itae e pides
19. from the last reading Even though the 3430 gauge does not store multiple readings this function displays the latest data To access the Special functions press SPECIAL To access the Recall feature press START ENTER The gauge displays the data from the last measurement Scroll through the screens using the up and down arrow keys OFFSET For information on offsetting gauge readings refer to Chapter 4 STAT TEST The statistical stability test or stat test may be performed to validate the normal operation of the gauge Erratic readings or readings that seem to fluctuate may indicate a problem with the gauge In the event the readings are suspect a stat test may be executed A stat test consists of twenty 1 minute counts After the twenty counts the gauge calculates the standard deviation This standard deviation is compared to a theoretical standard deviation value Ideally this ratio should be one However the 3430 gauge pre scales or divides the counts by 16 resulting in an ideal ratio of 0 25 The acceptable limits for the ratio are from 0 17 to 0 33 The gauge is considered to be unstable if the ratio is outside these limits 5 2 AXTROYLER To perform a stat test on the 3430 gauge place the gauge on the reference standard block in the standard count position see Chapter 3 To access the Special functions press SPECIAL To access the Stat Test feature press the down arrow twice and press START ENTER
20. gt o z 4 I m o X lt In Canada nuclear gauge users are not normally classified as Atomic Radiation Workers In such cases the general public dose limit of 0 5 rem per year would apply to nuclear gauge users Users may not be required to wear a dosimeter To establish the personnel monitoring requirements for your application consult the conditions of your radioactive materials license and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC regulatory document R91 Monitoring and Dose Recording for the Individual Model 3430 A 7 RADIATION PROFILE Table A 1 shows the radiation profile for the Model 3430 gauge Table 2 shows the profile for the Model 3430 M gauge Each table lists the radiation dose equivalent rates in mrem hour for each side of the gauge and transport case shown in Figure A 4 LEFT SIDE BOTTOM RIGHT SIDE BOTTOM RIGHT SIDE TRANSPORT CASE GAUGE Figure A 4 Model 3430 Gauge and Transport Case 8 AXTROYLER Table 1 Radiation Profile for Model 3430 Gauge SURFACE 10 CENTIMETERS 30 CENTIMETERS 1 METER Front Back LeftSide Right Side Top Bottom Front 20 gt d gt o z I m o X lt Back Left Side Right Side Top Bottom NOTES 1 All readings in mrem hr 2 kindicates a reading less than or equal to 0 1 mrem hr 3 Gamma measurements made with Ludlum Model 14C Survey Meter calibrated March 9 1990 4 Neutron measure
21. nee ee het 3 7 u Setting Measurement Units sees 3 7 gt Setting the Count 3 8 Setting the 126008 3 8 Selecting the Mode 3 8 Taking the Standard Count eere 3 10 Site Preparation Gauge Positioning eene 3 12 Soil and Base Course Preparation 3 12 3 14 Taking a Measurement Soil 222221 3 15 Taking a Measurement Asphalt Mode sss 3 17 Model 3430 3 1 THE KEYPAD Figure 3 1 Model 3430 Keypad The keypad Figure 3 1 of the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge consists of ten keys an eight function keypad and the ON YES and OFF NO keys The gauge is equipped with a beeper to verify keystrokes If a beep is not heard when a key is pressed the keystroke was not recognized and should be repeated The ON Y ES and keys are used for responses to specific questions displayed on the screen and to turn the gauge on and off The up and down arrows allow the operator to scroll through various function lists displayed by the gauge Table 3 1 provides a more detailed description of the individual keys and the location in the manual where the functions are described 32 80XI 56 Table 3 1 Model 3430 Keypad Functions ON YES Turns gauge off and answers No to prompts T Scroll
22. or equivalent and measure the density WD This measurement can then be used as a reference to verify later gauge readings Ere AER 4 Model 3430 C 3 GARBAGE OR XXXXXX IS DISPLAYED Check the standard counts in memory If the standard counts are suspect perform new standard counts If counts equal zero for both systems replace high voltage board contact the nearest Troxler Service Center Check gauge for water damage If the gauge is wet dry the gauge interior with hairdryer on low heat for 3 hours Check the calibration constants They should match the constants on your calibration data sheet if your calibration sheet is in metric units Refer to the note on page 5 10 to determine if your calibration sheet is in metric units and if not for instructions on converting B and F values from English to metric units If necessary perform a statistical stability stat test record the results and contact the nearest Troxler Service Center 4 GAUGE TURNS OFF AFTER IT IS TURNED ON The gauge automatically turns off after five hours if no keys are pressed Try to turn the gauge on again The gauge may be wet Do not turn the gauge on until moisture is removed from gauge interior Component damage may result If the battery is below 3 0 volts recharge or replace the batteries The scaler may be defective To test replace the suspect scaler with a good scaler 4 4 SHORT BATTERY LIFE AFTER RECHARGING N
23. press TIME to display Time xx min or ENTER Use the up and down arrows to scroll through the available count times When the desired count time is displayed press START ENTER SETTING THE DEPTH To change the depth of measurement press DEPTH Depth xx in or ENTER Use the up and down arrows to scroll through the available measurement depths When the desired depth is displayed press START ENTER SELECTING THE MODE MARSHALL PROCTOR The 3430 gauge may be used on construction materials soils asphalt concrete and so on To select the Soil mode enter or activate a Proctor value To select the Asphalt mode enter or activate a Marshall value Only one Marshall and one Proctor can be stored in the gauge at one time 3 8 AXTROYLER To measure concrete use either the Asphalt or Soil mode For moisture results select the Soil mode For density measurement only use the Asphalt mode To enter or activate a Marshall or Proctor value press MA PR The display will be one of the following MA BEN TY Change MA value PR 1 4 Change PR value To switch from a Marshall value to a Proctor value or vice versa use the arrow keys To activate the displayed value press OFF NO To change the displayed value press ON YES The first digit of the value will flash Use the arrow keys to scroll through the possible entries 0 9 and When th
24. the gauge MEMORY RESET NOTE This function is for authorized service personnel only CAUTION Memory Reset erases all data stored in the gauge and sets all constants except calibration constants to the default values TEST READING NOTE This function is for authorized service personnel only 5 10 AXTROYLER LANGUAGE The 3430 gauge supports three language displays English French and Spanish Troxler also offers keypad inserts in each of these three languages see Appendix C To change the display language first access the Special functions by pressing SPECIAL Press the up arrow once 9 D m Q gt 2 O O 2 LANGUAGE Or ENTER To access the Language feature press START ENTER Enter code 0 To prevent unauthorized language changes this feature requires the input of the access code found in the front of this manual Using the up and down arrow keys to select the correct number for the flashing digit enter the access code To accept the flashing value and select the next digit press START ENTER English 1 Or ENTER To display all gauge operations in English press START ENTER The gauge returns to the Ready mode To access either of the other two languages use the arrow keys When the desired language is displayed press START ENTER The gauge returns to the Ready mode Model 3430 5 11 15 SECOND INHIBIT The 5
25. the gauge Refer to the Mechanical Maintenance section of Appendix C for instructions on cleaning the tungsten sliding block CAUTION Do not store or transport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may violate transportation regulations and cause excessive personnel radiation exposure V If aradiation survey instrument is available verify that the radioactive gamma source is in place by measuring the exposure rate at the surface of the gauge The exposure rate should be approximately 10 20 mrem per hour reading of about 1 mrem or less indicates either that the survey instrument is not working properly or that the cesium 137 source may be missing Refer to the Troubleshooting section of Appendix C for further instructions o gt o m D gt o z Model 3430 3 5 TURNING THE GAUGE ON The gauge uses rechargeable NiCad batteries included as a power source When first turned on the control panel displays test characters before proceeding to the self test NOTE If the gauge turns off immediately after it is turned on the battery charge may be low or the gauge may be wet inside Refer to the information in Appendix C on battery charging and gasket replacement To turn the gauge on press ON YES The gauge performs a test of its liquid crystal display LCD Testing LCD 0123456789ABCDEFG After the 300 second self test the gauge
26. the gauge for service sse C 26 S eet eder Hen te eee a 3 4 Sc let assembly 5 eee EST Sunni C 22 3 6 Set VICE C 26 lt __ ___ _ oit d C 28 C 26 Set p 3 7 M 1 6 Regulations eee pe ee D 2 B 6 Site measurement Asphalt 3 17 Soils and base 3 15 Model 3450 Index 5 5176 MM 8 6 Sliding block maintenance eee C 12 Source quantity B 4 Source rod Bearing maintenance onte eese C 11 Handle assembly 2 2 te tee t ioc C 18 eh a ee eats 3 4 Special Calibration 4 7 Entering B value ede n 4 8 Gauge calctlated _ 4 9 Special 610 ch itte ien e ree UR PEE ERROR 4 1 5 1 SDECIfIC i eene eret ie oe AN eee 5 7 SDeCIfICatiofis ce code dee e eO R B 1 061085 8 5 Measurement X 8 2 Mechanical 8 6 Radiological 8
27. to reveal the purpose of the text as follows CAUTION Indicates conditions or procedures that if not followed correctly may cause personal injury or equipment damage NOTE Indicates important information that must be read to ensure proper operation Diamonds indicate a list of things needed such as equipment or things to know 4 Check marks indicate the performance of an action With lists of check marks follow the instructions in the order of the check marks Triangles indicate that more than one option is available Carefully select the option that applies KEY Angle brackets and a different typestyle indicate a key or character number or letter to press on the control unit keypad For example Press STD means to press the key labeled STD DISPLAY A different typestyle is also used to indicate text displayed on the control unit AXTROYLER VII TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THE MODEL 3430 Introduction eet 7 Gauge Parts and Storage Site ndn edet ere e eerte CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF OPERATION Density unie utet ic ele oet P basics ree Gan dere er E edet E e EA CHAPTER 3 OPERATING THE GAUGE Th 0 L M M Source 605100008 7 Daily Inspection rete tent te
28. values Dens Const DC trench DS Moist Const MC trenen MS To enable a trench offset choose Trench from the Offset options under the Special functions The gauge requests the Dens Const and Moist Const values determined above The procedure for entering the values is the same as for moisture and density offsets ignoring the sign on the display AG AXTROYLER SPECIAL CALIBRATIONS Troxler gauges are calibrated to average soil Average soil is defined as material consisting of 5046 limestone calcareous and 50 granite siliceous This factory calibration provides accurate results for the majority of materials encountered in the field However there are situations when varying material compositions could affect the gauge accuracy In these special cases the gauge B value can be recalculated either by the gauge or by considering the mass attenuation of the material If the chemical composition of the soil is known Troxler can provide a procedure for recalculating the B value for manual entry see page 4 8 to accurately measure the soil density This calculation requires in depth knowledge of the gauge geometry and the detected energy spectrum of the Cs 137 source The Special Calibration function allows the Model 3430 gauge to be recalibrated for material densities and compositions other than those covered by the factory calibration The true density of a sample of the material must be obtained prior to
29. will enter the Ready mode In this state any of the gauge functions may be accessed The Ready mode display is READY xx min Depth xx inches The first line of the display indicates the current count time The second line of the display indicates the source rod depth that has been selected NOTE The gauge will automatically turn off after five hours if no keys are pressed 3 6 AXTROYLER GAUGE PARAMETER SETUP After unpacking the gauge and turning it on there are several parameters that can be initialized These parameters do not usually require changing and include the measurement units and count time SETTING MEASUREMENT UNITS The 3430 gauge allows measurement results to be displayed in either metric or US units To set the measurement units first access the Special function menu by pressing SPECIAL RECALL or ENTER Press the down arrow seven times to display SET UNITS 1 or ENTER To select Set Units press START ENTER Units PCF gt C 9 m e U gt 1 or ENTER a Use the up and down arrows to scroll through the available units When the desired units are displayed press START ENTER Model 3430 3 7 SETTING THE COUNT TIME The count time defines how long the gauge reads Longer count times produce better measurement precision Troxler recommends a count time of one minute for most sample measurements To change the count time
30. with the keypad Currently the 3430 gauge topshell is manufactured from an engineering thermoplastic designed specifically to provide high impact strength and to offer excellent compatibility with many industrial solvents and petrochemicals The topshell may be cleaned with mild low alkaline soap and water Other approved cleaning substances include methyl isopropyl or isobutyl alcohols A cloth dampened with kerosene or diesel fuel may be used on this topshell C 10 en see following notes to remove heavy soils Avoid prolonged exposure and do not soak A CAUTION The use of any unapproved cleaning agents such as methyl ethyl ketones amines and methylene chloride will damage the topshell and void the warranty NOTE In the past the topshell was not compatible with petrochemicals Your topshell is compatible with petrochemicals only if upon removal of the keypad there is a ridge around the exposed opening If not use a mild soap such as 409 or Fantastic or alcohols such as methyl or isopropyl SOURCE ROD BEARING If the source rod does not slide up and down freely the source rod bearing may require cleaning and lubrication X Carefully remove the gauge topshell and slide it up out of the way Secure the topshell to the handle V To catch any grease place a rag or cloth under the vent valve located below the grease fitting on the source rod tower NOTE The vent valve was not installed on
31. 0 10 w Accessories Description Lubricant Magnalube G paste 1 5 oz tube Lubricant Magnalube G paste 1 Ib can Lubricant Magnalube G 14 5 oz Source rod pig Ere AER C 25 C 6 Part Number 104148 104410 104155 108354 104156 102868 102876 0005 102873 109661 021140 105305 105305 0001 105305 0003 105305 0004 105305 0005 100421 102111 103484 103680 1000 103623 3440 106875 0002 106875 0004 106875 0008 106875 0010 MAINTENANCE SUPPLIES The following maintenance supplies are not shown in Figures C 2 through C 6 Part Number 012784 012786 012789 100761 Model 3430 RETURNING THE GAUGE FOR SERVICE shipments within the U S to the factory must comply with 49 CFR see Appendix D and must be accompanied by an RGA Returned Goods Authorization number This will provide information to shipping and service personnel for expediting the repair work Please call or fax the factory or branch office to obtain the RGA number NOTE When you contact Troxler for an RGA number you will be given shipping instructions that will save you considerable time and money Please ask for special 2 day air shipment rates Please have the following information available when calling 4 System model and serial number 4 Part number serial number if applicable 4 Is system still under warranty Problem or difficulty you are having with the instrument Shipment method to Troxler and for return shipment 4 Shi
32. 0 15 2 0 2 5 0 3 5 40 4 6 0 5 5 6 0 I 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Figure 2 3 Backscatter Surface Density Effects AXTROYLER DEPTH OF TOP LAYER INCHES DEPTH OF TOP LAYER MM Top Layer Effect Curves Bd em 9053 gt vod 2 4 MOISTURE The Model 3430 gauge uses a 40 mCi 1 48 GBq americium 241 beryllium neutron source to measure the hydrogen content consequently the water content of the material The 3430 M gauge employs 60 uCi 2 22 MBq californium 252 source Neutrons emitted by the Am 241 Be or Cf 252 source penetrate the material and are thermalized or slowed Thermalization is the process where neutrons are slowed to the point where further collisions with hydrogen or other materials will not continue to slow the neutron The 3430 gauge contains a helium 3 neutron detector that is sensitive to thermalized neutrons This detector is insensitive to non thermalized or fast neutrons and as a result the counts obtained are directly proportional to the amount of hydrogen moisture present in the material o 79 m 2 gt o z I m o lt The depth of measurement or depth at which 98 of the counted neutrons pass before reaching the detector is a function of moisture content Depth inches 11 0 17 x M where M moisture in pcf Or Depth mm 280 0 27 x M where M moisture in kg m
33. 5 11 oen i 15 Lamits 1 5 2 standard count 56 L 1 M Maintenance CIasKetz e e aei n ie C 14 C 10 Sliding block une ee PR C 12 Source rod bearing ene C 11 Ee eii te ipte C 25 Malfunction indicators 7 C 6 Marshall value entering esee 3 8 Marshall Proctor MA PR Mode 3 8 1 3 Measurement Asphalt mode 2 eo ee een eiu 3 17 Converting Unlts mete pee en F 1 Mode ETT 3 8 POSION beets eb Nose cs E 3 4 Site asphalt e ee te edd 3 14 Site soils and base courses 3 12 Soilmode eiiis oec 3 15 8 2 Taking asphalt terc ce 3 17 Taking soils and base courses 4 4220221 3 15 Theory ae 2 1 Thin layet iit Pete 4 11 Model 3450 Index 3 Mechanical Maint nance dete ie teret etel Pe Ra rea C 10 Specifications sets e Legg B 6 Memory reset 0 5 10 Modes een emt entem 3 8 Backscattet i e etum de e e tec Hacen 2 2 Direct transmission essere enne 2 2 SELECTIONS s zen ui e e ste e bar 3 8 Moisture Inthe gauge ascen aecins ke miden te C 3 4 14 4 2 4 4 2 5 0
34. 777 TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES INC LIMITED WARRANTY TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES INC and subsidiary TROXLER INTERNATIONAL LTD hereinafter referred to as TROXLER warrants this instrument Model 3430 Serial Number against defects in material and workmanship for a period of twelve 12 months from date of shipment For gauges sold through authorized TROXLER representatives the date of shipment will be as of the transfer from representative to purchaser During the applicable warranty period TROXLER s obligation under this warranty shall be limited exclusively to the repair at no charge except for shipping to and from TROXLER S plant of any instrument which may prove defective under normal use and which TROXLER s examination shall disclose to its satisfaction to be thus defective Normal use is defined for the purpose of this warranty as operation under normal load usage and conditions with proper care and maintenance and competent supervision In no event shall TROXLER be held liable for damages delays or losses consequential incidental or otherwise attributable to the failure of this instrument TROXLER s liability being specifically limited to repair as stated hereinabove This warranty is automatically initiated except where modified by contractual or other written and signed agreement THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES WHICH EXTEND BEYOND THE DESCRIPTION ON THE FACE HEREOF AND THIS WARRANTY IS EXPRESSLY IN LIEU OF ALL
35. 8 1101 012752 012759 013200 001006 4090 101603 0510 012789 105239 018127 0001 105309 Ref SOURCE ROD HANDLE ASSEMBLY Match the reference number Ref shown below with the correct part in Figure C 4 on the opposite page Qty 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Description Gauge Handle Plunger 3400 Trigger Spring for trigger Roll Pin 1 8 Dia x 1 Plug Heyco 2643 Black Screw 1 4 20 x 1 1 2 Soc HD Cap AXTROYLER Part Number 105190 104553 105108 012200 101604 1610 012779 3000 000824 4800 Ref LY 00 26 4 Ow Figure 6 3 3430 Gauge Base Mechanical Assembly 2 o 9 S G AER 6 Figure C 4 3430 Source Rod Handle Assembly Model 3430 C 19 PREAMPLIFIER ASSEMBLY Match the reference number Ref shown below with the correct Description 3440 3430 Assembly HV Baseboard Assembly 3430 3440 Pre amp PC BD Loctite 242 Medium Strength 3430 3440 Preamplifier Mech Assembly Interface PC Board Bracket Screw 4 40 x 3 8 PHMS Phil GM Tube Interface PC Board Geiger Mueller GM Tube Washer 10 Int Lock SS Screw 4 40 x 1 4 PHMS Phil SS Qty 1 1 Spacer 4 40 x 1 Hex M F Threaded 4 1 1 2 1 2 1 7 7 1 Washer 4 Int Lock SS 900 VDC Moisture Tube Assembly Re R
36. A 1 Diagram of an Atom Protons carry a positive charge and are described as having a mass of one Neutrons have no charge and also have a mass of one Electrons carry a negative charge and essentially have no mass WEIGHT SCALE Protons 1 0073 1 Neutrons 1 0087 0 Electrons 0 0006 1 2 AXTROYLER Since protons and neutrons are clustered together in the nucleus the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus The atom shown in Figure A 1 has two protons and two neutrons therefore it is a helium atom The atomic weight of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons RADIATION TERMINOLOGY The curie defined as the quantity of radioactive material giving 3 7 x 10 disintegrations per second is equal to the number of disintegrations second of one gram of radium 226 Note that the source used in the 3430 is small with quantities expressed in millicurie mCi The SI unit of radiation is the becquerel Bq A becquerel equals one disintegration per second Therefore one curie equals 3 7 x 10 The rad or radiation absorbed dose 1s the unit of absorbed dose equal to 0 01 joules kg in any medium To account for the effect of various types of radiation on biological tissue the roentgen equivalent man rem or more appropriate for Troxler operators the millirem is used when measuring radiation dose The unit rem is derived by multiplying the radiation absorbed dose rad by a qu
37. AL UNITS 1 rem 0 01 Sv 1 Ci 37 GBq 1 mCi 37 MBq 1 uCi 37 kBq The following table is provided to assist the operator in converting from millicuries to gigabequerels uci to MBq 2 22 mCi to GBq 0 30 AO 1 48 E2 AXTROYLER 4 ACCESS Code 1 4 C 25 Accident notification esineen eenei eren D 5 Advanced operation c nee en eit eee ete P rd 4 1 Alkaline C 8 Americium 241 beryllium 2 1 2 5 A 3 11 8 4 Asphalt mode C 3 17 ASTM standards ntn 1 2 Ato ries SCUCLUEE S vato UTE 2 B Backscatter 0 23 otii et dr c RETO 2 2 Base mechanical assembly sese C 18 Battery Alkaline C 8 Charging idee RE een de e e C 8 Bequerel ener phi A TAA A 3 Calibration coeno pre NIE 5 9 i dee e 4 7 Califormium 252 sss 2 5 A 3 A 11 B 4 Case 1 4 8 Centers SeEVICO 111 28 Cesr mz137 seb e ce Hte 2 1 2 2 1 Charging battery C 8 ivan cine 10 Count Standard 3 10 lt ___ _
38. AUGE FAILS STANDARD COUNTS Ensure that the source rod opening on the gauge bottom is completely closed or covered by the tungsten sliding block If any opening is visible the sliding block should be cleaned as described later in this chapter If the sliding block still does not close completely contact the nearest Troxler Service Center 4 NO DENSITY READINGS The most likely reason for no density readings is an electronic problem such as a failure of the detector preamplifier However as a precaution ensure that the tip of the source rod is intact and undamaged that is ensure that the source is not missing Use a radiation survey meter to check the radiation levels on contact with the surface of the gauge base without extending the source rod A maximum reading of 10 20 mrem hr is normal and indicates the source is present However if the maximum reading is less than 1 mrem hr or if a survey meter is not available perform a visual inspection of the source rod tip as follows to confirm its integrity 1 Extend the source rod just far enough to see the source rod tip The tip should appear flat to slightly rounded and smooth 2 Stay at least three feet away from the tip of the unshielded source rod and complete the inspection as quickly as possible to minimize exposure the dose rate at three feet from the unshielded source is about 2 7 mrem hr If the visual inspection indicates that the source rod tip is broken off s
39. Description Kit 3430 Language Mod French Overlay Kit 3430 Language Mod Spanish Overlay Kit 3430 Language Mod Chinese Mainland Overlay Kit 3430 Language Mod Chinese Taiwan Overlay LCD Display Seal for Bearing T S 625 Ring Scraper Ring Retaining for scraper ring Lock with 2 Keys handle Handle Sleeve Screw Captive for Battery Pack Charger Jack PC MT Fuse 2A 3AG Battery Pack Assembly AXTROYLER C 6 Part Number 106852 0001 106852 0003 106852 0004 106852 0005 107472 012751 012754 012753 012176 104305 100528 2000 002507 016247 104149 C24 ACCESSORIES The following accessories are not shown in Figures C 2 through Description Accessory Battery Case Assembly AC Charger 12 V dc 500 mA Domestic AC Charger 13 6 V dc 500 mA International AC Adapter 12 V dc CE International DC Charger Leak Test Kit w 4 packets Leak Test Packet 4 unit refill 1 oz Solution Detergent leak test Survey Meter Radiation sign kit 3430 Operator Manual English 3430 Operator Manual French 3430 Operator Manual Spanish 3430 Operator Manual Chinese Mainland 3430 Operator Manual Chinese Taiwan Drill Rod 3400 Scraper Plate Drill Rod Guide Standard Assembly 3400 Reference Standard Block Extraction Tool 3430 Shipping Case Carton Assembly Concrete Adapter 3400 2 w Accessories Concrete Adapter 3400 4 w Accessories Concrete Adapter 3400 8 w Accessories Concrete Adapter 340
40. K KKK KKK 6 6 6 6 EN P P P P KP KP KKK KA KKK KKK KA KKK KKK KP KKK KKK KK KK KS
41. L ROD GUIDE REFERENCE BLOCK AC CHARGER DC CHARGER ADAPTER DRILL ROD Nu gt a EXTRACTION TOOL SOURCE CERTIFICATE OPERATOR S MANUAL W QUICK REFERENCE CARD Figure 1 1 Model 3430 Gauge and Accessories Model 3430 1 5 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION Upon receipt of the gauge from the factory a complete inspection and inventory should be performed If the shipping case any other part of the container or the gauge appears to be damaged notify the carrier and your Troxler Representative immediately For shipping to another location or back to the factory save the box and any packing material For shipping instructions and regulations please see Appendix D Check to see if the following literature and components have been included Manual of Operation and Instruction Gauge Warranty 4 Source Certificate 3430 Gauge 4 Scraper Plate Drill Rod AC Battery Charger DC Charger Adapter One handle lock with keys Lift the gauge from the case Inspect the gauge for damage Check the lock on the handle Ensure the keys fit the lock 1 6 AXTROYLER STORAGE SITE SELECTION When deciding where to store the gauge take into consideration the rules governing the storage of low level radioactive devices that are set forth by your regulatory agency and the conditions of your gauge license z 2 9 9 2 4 The handle should be locked and the gauge stored in its transport cas
42. LER 4 Contact the company RSO name and number given at the beginning of this section Provide the RSO with the following The date time and location of the accident The gauge model and serial number The nature of the accident The location and condition of the gauge and or source dose rate at three feet 1 m from the gauge X Ifyou are unable to reach the RSO then call your regulatory agency name and number given at the beginning of this section Follow the instructions of the RSO The RSO should report the incident to the regulatory agency The RSO may also be required to notify the U S DOT of accidents during transport 2 gt z P o z 4 I m o X lt X Before shipping a damaged gauge to Troxler obtain RGA Returned Goods Authorization number from the Troxler RSO as described in the Returning the Gauge for Service section of Appendix C Model 3430 A 13 A TROYLER NOTES APPENDIX B 3430 SPECIFICATIONS This appendix contains gauge and measurement specifications for the Model 3430 and Model 3430 M Surface Moisture Density Gauges CONTENTS Measurement 8 2 Density at 2000 kg m a tete Sensei tre ie as B 2 Moisture at 240 kg m eese ei tert rere B 2 Density at 125 Dol isset ee pede B 3 Moisture at 15 1 2 B 3 Radiological Specifications B 4 m Electrical Specifications
43. Manual of Operation and Instruction Model 3430 and Model 3430 M Surface Moisture Density Gauge A TROXLER he Leader in Co n Testing Equipment Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc 3008 Cornwallis Rd gt P O Box 12057 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 Phone 1 877 TROXLER Outside the USA 1 919 549 8661 Fax 1 919 549 0761 www troxlerlabs com The Troxler Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge is protected by U S and Foreign Patents Copyright 1990 2006 Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc All Rights Reserved No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or information storage and retrieval systems for any purpose without the express written permission of Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc Fantastic is a trademark of Dow Consumer Products Inc Federal Express is a registered trademark of the Federal Express Corporation 409 is a trademark of the Clorox Company Magnalube G is a registered trademark of Carleton Stuart Corporation WD 40 is a registered trademark of the WD 40 Company PN 105305 December 2006 Edition 8 1 i AXTROYLER TROXLER SERVICE CENTERS Troxler Corporate Headquarters 3008 Cornwallis Road P O Box 12057 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 Phone 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 Outside the U S A 1 919 549 8661 Fax 1 919 549 0761 Web www troxlerlabs com Technical Suppo
44. Model 3430 1 48 10 GBq 40 10 mCi americium 241 beryllium Model 3430 M 2 22 10 MBq 60 10 pCi californium 252 Source Type Sealed Source Special Form Source Housing Stainless Steel Shielding Tungsten Lead and Cadmium Surface Dose Rate See Radiation Profiles in Appendix A Source Rod Material Stainless Steel Shipping Case DOT 7A Type A Yellow II TI 0 3 0 6 for Model 3430 M 84 AXTROYLER ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 15 watt hours 14 to 16 hours 12 V dc 500 mA minimum 2 line x 16 character alphanumeric 10 key sealed membrane 0 10 watts average 9 D m Q a gt 2 8 5 Stored Power Battery Recharge Time Gauge Charging Requirements Liquid Crystal Display Keypad Power Consumption Model 3430 MECHANICAL SPECIFICATIONS Cast Aluminum 14 45 x 8 85 x 6 45 in 367 x 225 x 164 mm 23 25 in 591 mm for 12 rod 19 25 in 489 mm for 8 rod 29 5 x 14 0 x 17 0 in 74 9 x 35 6 x 43 2cm 29 Ib 13 kg 86 Ib 39 kg Ambient 14 to 158 F 10 to 70 C Surface 350 F 175 C 70 to 185 F 55 to 85 C 0 1 in 2 54 mm at 12 5 Hz 300 mm onto 25 mm steel ball AXTROYLER Base Gauge Size w o handle Gauge Height w handle Transportation Case Weight Shipping Weight Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Vibration Test Drop Test B 6 APPENDIX C PERIODIC MAINTENANCE AND SERVICE This appendix contains information fo
45. OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED AND TROXLER NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES ANYONE TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE SALE OF THE INSTRUMENT THIS WARRANTY SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE INSTRUMENT OR ANY PART WHICH HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO DAMAGE BY ACCIDENT NEGLIGENCE ALTERATION ABUSE MISUSE OR SERVICE NOT AUTHORIZED IN WRITING BY TROXLER SUCH DAMAGE TO INCLUDE BUT NOT BE LIMITED TO BURNING OF CIRCUIT BOARDS AND HARNESS FROM IMPROPER SOLDERING TECHNIQUES AND DAMAGE TO THE INSTRUMENT DUE TO PURCHASER S FAILURE TO PERFORM MAINTENANCE AS OUTLINED IN THE AUTHORIZED OPERATOR S MANUAL DUE TO THE NATURE OF THEIR USE MECHANICAL ACCESSORY PARTS BATTERIES WARRANTED FOR NINETY 90 DAYS FROM SHIPMENT DATE TROXLER ELECTRONIC LABORATORIES INC Troxler International Ltd Troxler Electronics Canada Ltd 3008 Cornwallis Road Post Office Box 12057 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA NOTICE TO CONSUMERS Any disclaimer or limitation on the remedies expressed above shall not be effective to the extent prohibited by state or federal law NOTE THIS WARRANTY EXCLUDES DAMAGE INCURRED IN SHIPMENT IF THIS INSTRUMENT IS RECEIVED IN DAMAGED CONDITION THE CARRIER SHOULD BE CONTACTED IMMEDIATELY ALL CLAIMS FOR DAMAGE IN TRANSIT SHOULD BE FILED WITH THE CARRIER IF REQUESTED TROXLER WILL AID IN FILING OF CLAIMS AND OR LOCATING GAUGES LOST IN TRANSIT PIII SKK SISK KK KKK KKK S16 EN KKK KKK KKK KKK KK
46. Press START for Reading Place the gauge on the test material To begin taking the four one minute counts press SSTART ENTER After each count is complete the operator must initiate the next count by pressing START ENTER Enter known density now To create a partial calibration and return to the Ready mode press OFF NO To complete the special calibration by entering the density press ON YES Density xx 4 or ENTER To change the value of a digit press the up and down arrows To select the next digit press START ENTER After the density value is entered the special calibration routine readjusts the gauge for the new material and indicates that the special calibration is enabled The special calibration is only valid for the depth selected during the special calibration SPECIAL CALIB ENABLED 4 10 AXTROYLER LAYER MEASUREMENTS With the increase in thin lift overlay applications and the limitations of conventional backscatter gauges to measure these overlays the following method formula has been developed WD DB xK DT T_K where DT Overlay density WD Density read by gauge DB Bottom layer density K Effect of top layer thickness on the gauge To use the above method of overlay measurement follow the procedure below X Determine the density of the bottom layer underlying material DB V Apply the thin lift overlay X Determine the thickness of the o
47. TIO Volume of Voids Volume of Soil SG Dw DD DD o gt O 0 m 2 gt z Vair Vwater Vtotal Figure 3 6 Voids Illustration Model 3430 3 17 TAKING A MEASUREMENT ASPHALT MODE The Asphalt mode is automatically selected when a Marshall value is enabled see page 3 8 When not taking measurements always keep the source rod in the SAFE position For added operator safety the source rod on the 3430 gauge automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is picked up by the handle If you do not hear a click when the source rod is raised to the SAFE position look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed If the gauge base opening is not completely closed by the sliding block the sliding block may require cleaning Refer to Appendix C for cleaning instructions CAUTION Do not store or transport the gauge unless the tungsten sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may violate transportation regulations and may cause personnel exposure Place the gauge over the test site Release the gauge handle and push it into the backscatter position Set the depth to Backscatter Ensure that the pin engages the notch in the index rod Gently tap the handle down to ensure proper source rod seating Press START ENTER Depth BACKSCAT Time xxx sec After the count time has
48. ality factor QF One rad is equal to the exposure of one rem of photon radiation For example the average neutron energy of an americium 241 beryllium source is approximately 4 5 MeV The quality factor QF for this radiation is about 10 The absorbed dose of 1 rad of neutron radiation gives a dose equivalent absorbed dose x QF of 10 rem 0 1 Sv gt d P o z E I m o lt RADIATION THEORY Radioactivity is the spontaneous breakdown of unstable nuclei radioisotopes with the resulting emission of radiation The strength of radioactive material is measured by its activity or rate of decay This activity decreases with time The length of time it takes a given amount of radioactive material to decay to half of its original strength is referred to as the half life The half life of cesium 137 is 30 years while that of americium 241 is 432 years Californium 252 has a half life of 2 6 years Model 3430 A 3 RADIATION STATISTICS Radioactive emission is a random process The number of emissions in a given time period is not constant but varies statistically about an average value The variation about the true mean value is a Poisson distribution In this distribution the standard deviation about the mean 7 is defined as o When the mean is greater than 100 the Poisson distribution can be closely approximated by the normal distribution Figure A 2 The normal distribution predicts the probability t
49. ate to distance Figure A 3 Doubling the distance from a radiation source reduces the exposure to one fourth its original value If the distance is tripled the exposure is reduced by a factor of nine and so on RADIOACTIVE SOURCE Figure A 3 Effect of Distance on Exposure 6 AXTROYLER Shielding Shielding is any material used to reduce the radiation reaching the operator from a radioactive source While some types of radiation such as alpha particles may be stopped by a single sheet of paper other radiation such as photons and neutrons require much more shielding Dense materials such as lead shield photons Materials containing large amounts of hydrogen such as polyethylene shield neutrons The Model 3430 gauge has shielding built into the system to reduce the exposure MONITORING RADIATION In the United States anyone working with or near radioactive materials is subject to the limits on occupational exposure mentioned earlier and must complete a radiation safety training course to be designated an authorized user To verify that occupational exposures do not exceed the regulatory limits authorized users may be monitored using personnel dosimeters The most common methods of personnel monitoring are thermoluminescent dosimeter TLD badges and film badges Troxler recommends using TLD badges since they can measure both gamma and neutron radiation Film badges are not suitable for measuring neutrons 2 gt z
50. auge Serial Number Date MS DS Date MS DS 2 AXTROYLER STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date MS DS Date MS DS o gt Z gt o C m Model 3430 E 3 STANDARD COUNT LOG Gauge Serial Number Date MS DS Date MS DS THEN a AXTROYLER C 2 9 z lt m 2 9 2 APPENDIX UNIT CONVERSION The 3430 3430 M gauge can display measurement results in either SI metric units or English units Also HM 181 of 49 CFR changes the standard units of radioactivity in the United States from the English unit of curies Ci to the SI unit of becquerel Bq This requires the shipper to convert the activity on the Bill of Lading from curies to becquerels GBq Until everyone is accustomed to the SI units it is permitted to follow the SI units with the English units in parentheses to clarify the description for example 1 48 GBq 40 mCi To help our users convert from English units to SI units the table in this appendix provides SI conversion factors for common English units relevant to the 3430 3430 M gauge CONTENTS Measurement 00 0000000 2 Radiological Units aeoe teet re tee F 2 Model 3450 F 1 MEASUREMENT UNITS 1 10 25 4 mm 1 10 2 54 cm 1 ft 30 48 cm 1 ft 0 3048 m 1 pcf 16 02 kg m 1 pef 1 6 x 10 g cm RADIOLOGIC
51. calculating a special calibration This density may be obtained from a laboratory sample To access the Special functions press SPECIAL To access the Special Calibration function press the down arrow four times Press START ENTER to display SPECIAL CALIB Want to Recalib gt lt 2 m D gt 2 3430 4 7 To recalibrate the gauge for the densities outside the factory calibration range press ON YES To disable the Special Calibration feature press OFF NO at the above display and ON Y ES at the disable inquiry After disabling this feature the gauge will return to the Ready mode SPECIAL CALIB Enter B Value To enter a known B value obtained with the procedure available from Troxler press ON YES To have the gauge calculate the recalibration press OFF NO If entering a new known B value see the following explanation For gauge calculated special calibration see page 4 9 ENTERING A NEW B VALUE Depth xx in or ENTER To change the value of the flashing digit for the measurement depth use the up and down arrows To accept the flashing value and select the next digit press START ENTER B VAL or ENTER The gauge displays the current B value To change the value of the flashing digit use the up and down arrows To accept the flashing digit and select the next digit press START ENTER 4 8 AXTROYLER
52. e 4 Itis recommended that the gauge and transport case be stored at least 15 ft 5 m from work areas preferably in a locked closet storage area in a dry location indoors 4 The storage area should be marked with a radiation sign that reads CAUTION RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS can be obtained from Troxler 4 The storage of a nuclear gauge a motor vehicle is not recommended Model 3430 1 7 A TROYLER NOTES CHAPTER 2 THEORY OF OPERATION This chapter contains a brief description of the theory of operation of the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge The direct transmission and backscatter modes of operation are illustrated along with a brief explanation of the cesium 137 source americium lui 241 beryllium or californium 252 source and detector geometry 5 C gt CONTENTS 6 iustus se 2 2 lt 2 5 Model 3430 2 1 DENSITY The Troxler Model 3430 gauge utilizes two modes of operation direct transmission mode source rod extended into the material and backscatter mode Figures 2 1 and 2 2 illustrate the two modes of operation In direct transmission mode Figure 2 1 the rod containing the cesium 137 8 mCi 0 3 GBq source is lowered to the desired depth The detectors G M tubes in the gauge base measure the radiation emitted by the source rod Gamma photons reaching the detectors must first pass through the material co
53. e gauge readings the appropriate preparation procedure should be followed SOIL AND BASE COURSE PREPARATION V Since soil surface conditions are critical to accurate measurements locate a level site free from any large holes cracks or debris Smooth the surface by moving the scraper plate in a back and forth motion Filler such as fine sand may be used to decrease the surface voids NOTE Use only enough filler to fill the voids Too much filler will cause an error in the measurement V For direct transmission measurements put the drill rod through the extraction tool and then through one of the guides on the plate see Figure 3 4 CCC lt DRILL ROD 2 i EXTRACTION TOOL lt Iw SCRAPER PLATE DRILL ROD GUIDE Figure 3 4 Drill Rod Positioning 349 TROXLER Wearing a radiation badge and safety glasses or other locally approved safety devices step on the plate and hammer the drill rod at least 50 millimeters 2 in deeper than the desired test depth The drill rod increments include the additional depth 4 Remove the drill rod by pulling straight up and twisting the extraction tool Do not loosen the drill rod by tapping from side to side with a hammer This will distort the hole or cause loose material to fall into the hole V To ensure accurate placement of the gauge before removing the scraper plate mark the test area using the drill rod as shown in Figure 3 5 X Carefu
54. e NO AXTROYLER He 31 Tube Washer 6 Int Lock SS Screw 6 32 x 3 8 PHMS Phil SS GM Tube Holder Modified Tube Clamp Screw 10 32 x 1 4 PHMS Phil part in Figure C 5 on the opposite page Ref Part Number 105726 105771 000923 3252 018127 0002 105289 104136 000206 1400 104098 100156 000001 1001 000204 1400 000001 0401 104094 0001 000001 0601 000306 1401 104137 103540 000604 1400 C 20 C 21 Model 3430 MAINTENANCE Figure C 5 3430 Gauge Preamplifier Assembly 3 4 4 PLACES X SCALER ASSEMBLY Match the reference number Ref shown below with the correct part in Figure C 6 on the opposite page 10 000001 0401 Washer 4 Int Lock SS 11 000204 1400 Screw 4 40 x 1 4 PHMS Phil SS 12 000202 1400 Screw 4 40 x 1 8 PHMS Phil SZP 13 106856 Grounding Clamp 14 000204 2408 4 40 x 1 4 PHMS Slotted Nylon 15 000012 0406 4 Flat Washer Nylon Ref Part Number Description Qty 1 105291 Charger Well 1 2 106819 3430 Overlay w inserts 1 3 105287 Front Panel 3430 1 4 106369 Front Panel Gasket 1 5 105832 PCB Assembly 3430 CPU 1 6 105294 Washer 2 7 102888 Cable 34008 front panel to base 1 8 105295 Nut 1 9 106525 Assembly Metal Cap w lug 1 5 4 1 1 1 1 C 22 AXTROYLER Ere Figure 6 6 3430 Gauge Scaler Assembly Model 3430 C 23 OTHER STANDARD PARTS The following standard parts are not shown in Figures C 2 through
55. e bh RU Turning the Gauge Gauge Parameter Setup essere Taking the Standard Count eee Site Preparation Gauge Positioning Taking a Measurement Soil Mode sess Taking a Measurement Asphalt 06 CHAPTER 4 ADVANCED GAUGE OPERATION Special Calibrations Thin Layer CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS Special Calibration metere e eet Ee itte Specific Gravity Mintle eee iia 7 Calibration Constants esses Memory Resets iei mee eet e ree Test Reading ien i e oer rete Language eee ite edis Model 3430 TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued APPENDIX A RADIOLOGICAL INFORMATION Radiation Theory n here istis Radiation Safety aie eate pepe APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS Radiological IIa D Wei NO APPENDIX C TROUBLESHOOTING AND SERVICE Troubleshooting e ehe ee ee e e e ed Battery Charging Mechanical Maintenance essen Leak x idt eoe o oe ig aene ct Replacement i ette rere oe renes Returning
56. e correct value for the current digit is displayed press START ENTER The gauge will proceed to the next digit to the right o gt 0 m 2 gt gt When the value entry is complete the gauge activates the value and returns to the Ready mode Model 3430 3 9 TAKING THE STANDARD COUNT The 3430 gauge uses a cesium 137 and an americium 241 beryllium source for taking measurements These radioactive sources undergo a natural decay process resulting in a gradual loss in the intensity of their radiation The time required for the source strength to diminish by 50 is referred to as the half life To compensate for the source decay and to check proper operation of the gauge a daily reference standard count should be performed To ensure the highest accuracy possible with the gauge it is important to take a daily standard count The gauge is equipped with a reference standard block for taking the standard count Place the reference standard block on a dry flat surface at least three meters 10 ft from any large vertical surface and at least ten meters 33 ft from any other radioactive source The surface should be asphalt concrete or soil at least ten centimeters 4 in thick and with a density of at least 100 pcf The right side of the gauge farthest from the handle should be against the metal butt plate Figure 3 3 To begin the standard count procedure press STD DS xxxx MS x
57. earlier gauges Instead an Allen head screw was located beneath the grease fitting On the gauges remove the Allen head screw before applying lubricant to allow the old grease to be ejected Failure to remove the Allen screw may result in severe mechanical damage to the base assembly 4 Using a standard 16 ounce grease gun loaded with Magnalube G cartridge apply five shots of lubricant or enough to eject all dirty grease until clean grease is visible AONVNALNIVIN 4 Re assemble the gauge Do not apply more than 6 torque to the topshell screws Model 3430 C 11 TUNGSTEN SLIDING BLOCK If the tungsten sliding block is not kept clean it may stick partially or completely open when the source rod is raised to the SAFE shielded position This will result in high radiation levels near or in line with the source rod opening on the bottom of the gauge After cleaning and reassembling the gauge as described below check the operation of the sliding block by pushing the source rod into the backscatter position then returning it to the SAFE position You should hear a click as the sliding block snaps shut Inspect the opening on the base of the gauge to confirm that the sliding block is completely closed If not check that the sliding block spring was properly installed after cleaning If the sliding block still does not close properly immediately contact your nearest Troxler Service Center CAUTION Do not store or tran
58. ff between the stat test and drift test The stat test must be current In addition the gauge must not be moved between the stat and drift tests to eliminate possible failure due to positioning changes With the gauge still in the standard count position on the reference standard block press SPECIAL From the Special functions select the Drift Test feature by pressing the down arrow three times and START ENTER press START for 20 min Drift Test To begin the five counts press START ENTER DRIFT TEST Rdg xx sec As with the stat test the gauge indicates the count progress during the drift test Model 3430 5 5 After the five counts have been completed the display is D PASS M PASS 1 to view data To view the stat test data use the up and down arrow keys D Drift xxxx 1 to view data Dens Avg xxxx 1 4 to view data Drift xxxx 1 to view data 5 D xxxx M xxxx Use 1 and keys 5 6 AXTROYLER SPECIAL CALIBRATION For information on performing a special calibration see Chapter 4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY 9 D m Q gt 2 O 2 The specific gravity of a solid 15 defined as the density of the material divided by the density of water The Specific Gravity function allows the operator to input the specific gravity of a material into the gauge This value SG is used in the calculation of Air Voids and Void Ratio see Chapter 3
59. hat any given count rate will fall within a selected region about the mean Normal Distribution 2e 1o MEAN 16 2 30 L 68 3 95 4 99 7 Figure 2 Variation of Radioactive Emission Using the average of a large number of counts to approximate the true mean the distribution shows that 68 3 of the time the count rate obtained will be within 1 standard deviation of the mean Figure A 2 shows the probability of counts falling within three standard deviations of the mean The operator may perform a statistical stability test stat test to compare the experimental standard deviation to the theoretical standard deviation see Chapter 5 4 AXTROYLER RADIATION SAFETY This section provides a brief discussion of general radiation safety The exposure profile for the Model 3430 gauge is also included along with a discussion of the source encapsulation TYPES OF RADIATION The radioactive sources in the Model 3430 produce four types of radiation Alpha Particles Beta Particles Photons Gamma Rays Neutrons The alpha and beta particles are stopped by the source capsule Only the photons and neutrons contribute to any occupational radiation exposure 2 gt z gt o gt I m o lt Photon gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation as are x rays radio waves and visible light Photons have no mass no electrical charge and travel at the speed of l
60. iCad batteries may be charged up to 100 full charge discharge cycles The batteries may be reaching end of life cycle replace Note that all information stored in the gauge except the calibration constants and the chosen language is lost when the batteries are disconnected Charger adapter may not be supplying full charge check the AC outlet and the DC output 12 VDC AXTROYLER V C 4 Y Check the output voltage of your charger The correct output voltage is indicated on the charger unit V Check that you are using the correct charger X4 Remove any loose screws or foreign objects from the gauge interior that may cause an electrical short to ground V The AC charger may be defective Check voltage output of charge with a voltmeter or use the DC charger to charge the batteries SATISFACTORY COUNTS BUT RESULTS ARE IN ERROR X Ensure the measurement depth corresponds to the actual source rod depth X Check calibration constants V Check to see if an offset density moisture trench or special is enabled Y Ensure that the standard counts are correct 4X Ensure that the index rod is seated in bottom of notch AONVNALNIVIN Model 3430 C 5 POSSIBLE MALFUNCTION INDICATORS Display Test Fails Gauge Doesn t Turn Off Beeper Stops or is erratic Gauge Does Not Turn On When Charger Is Connected Gauge Fails Tube Test Fails Stability or Drift Tests Batteries Discharge Prematurely Gauge Fails Stabi
61. ickness inches 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 0 46159 0 44787 0 43414 0 42042 0 40138 0 38235 0 36475 0 35889 0 34716 0 33631 0 32547 0 31462 0 29958 0 28454 0 27527 0 26600 0 25673 0 24387 0 23102 0 22310 0 21517 0 20725 0 19626 0 18527 0 17850 0 17172 0 16495 0 15556 0 14617 0 14038 Thickness mm 25 26 27 28 29 30 81 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Thickness inches 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 Tu 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 Model 3430 A TROYLER NOTES 4 14 9 D m Q gt 2 O O 2 CHAPTER 5 SPECIAL FUNCTIONS This chapter gives brief explanations of the Special functions available on the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge or directs the reader to the appropriate section dealing with a particular 5 1 function CONTENTS Offset 5 eee Stat Test Drift Test Special Calibration Specific Gravity Voidless Density Set Units Calibration Constants Memory Reset Test Reading Language 15 second Inhibit Model 3430 RECALL The Recall function allows the operator to view the data
62. ight Photons are energetic and penetrating Dense materials such as lead tungsten and so on provide the best shielding against photon radiation Neutron radiation allows measurement of the hydrogen water content in a material because the neutrons are slowed by collisions with materials containing hydrogen atoms i e water polyethylene etc Neutrons have no charge and are very penetrating LIMITING EXPOSURE Government agencies set occupational exposure limits The current limit in the United States and many other countries is 5 000 mrem per year Under average conditions a full time employee working with the 3430 gauge will receive less than 200 mrem per year By comparison people in the US receive an average of 360 mrem per year from natural background radiation and medical radiation Model 3430 A 5 Taking advantage of all available means to limit radiation exposure is always recommended The three methods of limiting exposure are Time Distance Shielding These methods are a part of the ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable philosophy of radiation protection Time The simplest way to reduce exposure is to keep the time spent around a radioactive source to a minimum If time is cut in half then exposure is cut in half provided all other factors remain constant Distance Distance is another effective means to reduce radiation exposure A formula known as the inverse square law relates the radiation exposure r
63. ility for compliance ultimately falls upon the owner The owner may also wish to purchase and subscribe to Titles 10 and 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations in addition to applicable local state regulations NOTE This manual also contains radiological information for the Model 3430 M The 3430 and 3430 M have the same functions and operational aspects but different neutron sources Model 3430 1 3 GAUGE PARTS AND ACCESSORIES Figure 1 1 shows the Model 3430 gauge and its accessories Use this figure and the list below to identify the gauge and parts as they are unpacked 1 The Gauge is a portable instrument containing all electronic modules battery packs detectors and radioactive sources 2 The Reference Standard Block provides a uniform reference material for gauge adjustment to compensate for source decay 3 The Scraper Plate Drill Rod Guide is used to prepare the test site and aid in guiding the drill rod into the soil 4 The Drill Rod is used to prepare a hole for a direct transmission reading Do Not Use the Source Rod For This Purpose 5 Two Chargers Adapters are supplied one for DC 12 VDC and one for AC 115 230 VAC 50 60 Hz 6 The Transport Case is a container designed for transportation of the gauge and associated parts 7 The Extraction Tool provides a means of removing the drill rod from the test material after use 1 4 AXTROYLER gt 2 9 0 9 gt SCRAPER PLATE DRIL
64. license the gauge must be leak tested at intervals not exceeding 12 months to ensure the integrity of the radioactive source encapsulation Sample analysis must be performed by a licensed laboratory only Using the Troxler Model 3880 Leak Test Kit and accompanying instructions perform the following procedure NOTE Ensure that the source rod is in the SAFE position see Figure 3 2 V Write the date gauge model number and serial number on the wipe disk X Remove the control panel from the gauge topshell Locate the yellow radiation label on the top surface of the base V Place two drops of leak test solution on the wipe disk X Holding the wipe disk with the tongs wipe the radiation label V Turn the gauge on its side and locate the opening where the source rod extends through the gauge base X Holding the wipe disk with tongs wipe the area around and inside the opening where the source rod extends from the gauge base V Pack the disk as instructed in the envelope and mail to Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc for analysis V Secure the gauge properly AONVNALNIVIN Model 3430 C 15 REPLACEMENT PARTS Figures C 2 through C 6 show the replaceable parts of the Model 3430 gauge GAUGE ASSEMBLY Match the reference number Ref shown below with the correct part in Figure C 2 on the opposite page Ref Part Number Description Qty 1 000001 0601 Washer 6 INT Lock SS 4 2 106368 3430 Gauge Gasket topshell to
65. lity or Drift Tests AXTROYLER CPU Board Display Malfunctions No Keypad Response RAM Test Fails Batteries Do Not Recharge Battery Low Indicator Does Not Function Correctly Preamp Board No Moisture or Density Counts Batteries Do Not Recharge HV Board No Moisture or Density Counts Moisture or Density Counts are Unstable C 6 ERROR MESSAGES The following error messages are not user serviceable Contact Troxler Customer Service for more information KEY PAD TEST ERROR GM TUBE TEST ERROR HELIUM TUBE TEST ERROR DISPLAY TEST ERROR AONVNALNIVIN Model 3430 C 7 BATTERY CHARGING With fully charged batteries the 3430 gauge will remain operational for approximately eight weeks under normal 8 hour day conditions If the batteries become discharged the following message will be displayed on the gauge WARNING Battery Low When this display appears there are a few hours remaining before the battery must be recharged In an emergency a 30 minute recharge with the DC or AC charger gives several hours of use Although batteries cannot be overcharged rechargeable batteries have a memory and repeated unnecessary recharging will shorten the battery life If possible run the batteries down before recharging NOTE Batteries should not be recharged unless the Battery Low indication is displayed ALKALINE BATTERY USE CAUTION Do not mix alkaline and rechargeable ba
66. lliding with electrons present in the material In general the lower the number of photons that reach the detectors the higher the material density In backscatter mode Figure 2 2 the gamma photons that enter the material must be scattered or reflected at least once to reach the detectors in the gauge With the rod locked in the first notch below the SAFE position the source and detectors are in the same plane referred to as the backscatter position Photons emitted from the source penetrate the material and the detectors measure the scattered photons Shielding between the source and detectors greatly reduces the number of photons reaching the detectors in a direct path with the source While the direct transmission geometry measures the average density of the material from the source to the surface the backscatter geometry yields an average heavily weighted by the density close to the surface Figure 2 3 shows two normalized top layer effect curves illustrating the percentages of photons at the detectors for various depths The two curves can be used to compute the gauge response to layered material of different densities For example the density of the top inch of a surface layer accounts for approximately 5246 of the backscatter density measurement 2 2 AXTROYLER o 79 m gt o z I m o lt 2 3 SURFACE GAUGE SURFACE DETECTORS Figure 2 2 Backscatter Geometry Model 3430 0 5 1
67. lly pick up the scraper plate and place the gauge on the surface prepared by the plate Insert the source rod into the hole made by the drill rod Use care when inserting the source rod trying not to disturb the soil around the hole Y Lower the source rod into the hole Release the trigger and lock the source rod into the correct position A click should be heard when the source rod is locked into position 4 Gently slide the gauge toward the keypad so the source rod makes contact with the wall of the hole c MARK FOR SCRAPER PLATE CENTER o gt 0 m D gt o z e SCRAPER x SCRAPER PLATE MARK FOR DRILL PLATE ROD CENTER 9 METHOD 1 METHOD 2 Figure 3 5 Marking the Test Area Model 3430 3 13 ASPHALT SURFACE PREPARATION It is possible but usually not necessary to take direct transmission readings on asphalt Drilling a hole in asphalt can be difficult and may require the use of a drill rather than the drill rod if the asphalt has cooled and hardened Under normal conditions a backscatter reading provides an accurate measurement of asphalt density Find a smooth level location on the asphalt The operator may want to fill the voids on open mixes with sand or cement Take care to leave the asphalt exposed The gauge base must rest on the asphalt not the fill material 4 Ensure that the gauge does not rock It must remain steady If rocking occurs find a more suitable
68. ment will keep the exposure levels at a minimum under normal conditions The operator may however be required to wear personnel dosimetry when using the Model 3430 gauge 2 gt z gt o z 4 I m o lt Model 3430 A 11 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES If the nuclear gauge is lost or stolen then immediately notify the gauge owner s Radiation Safety Officer RSO The gauge owner should complete the emergency contact information on the lines furnished below Note that company refers to the gauge owner s company not Troxler Electronic Laboratories This information should be readily available to the gauge operator at all times The company RSO is Call the RSO at The regulatory agency is Call the agency at If a gauge is damaged then follow the steps below Y Locate the gauge and or source X Do not touch or move the gauge X Immediately cordon off an area around the nuclear gauge and or source radius of fifteen feet 5 m will be sufficient Do not leave the area unattended V Keep all unauthorized personnel from the nuclear gauge X Ifa vehicle is involved it must be stopped until the extent of contamination if any can be established V gauge operator should perform a visual inspection of the nuclear gauge to determine if the source housing and or shielding has been damaged V Use survey meter to measure the dose rate at a distance of three feet 1 m from the gauge A 12 AXTROY
69. ments made with Nuclear Research Corp Model NP 2 Survey Meter calibrated March 22 1990 5 Dose rates measured by the State of North Carolina Department of Environment Health and Natural Resources Division of Radiation Protection Model 3430 9 Table 2 Radiation Profile for Model 3430 M Gauge Front Back Left Side Right Side Top Bottom T Front Back Left Side Right Side Top Bottom NOTES 1 Allreadings in mrem hr 2 kindicates a reading less than or equal to 0 1 mrem hr 3 Gamma measurements made with Ludlum Model 14C Survey Meter calibrated January 7 1991 4 Neutron measurements made with Nuclear Research Corp Model NP 2 Survey Meter calibrated April 18 1991 A 10 AXTROYLER SOURCE ENCAPSULATION The source in the Model 3430 gauge meets regulatory requirements of U S and international authorities as Special Form sealed source material The sources are encapsulated to prevent leakage of radioactive material and meet radiation safety requirements The neutron source americium 241 beryllium in the Model 3430 or californium 252 in the Model 3430 M is compressed and then welded inside stainless steel capsules The photon gamma source cesium 137 is sealed in a welded capsule Proper use of this instrument following the instructions in this manual and the shielding design of the instru
70. ng Block TROXLER A A A EU DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Application of Council EMC Directive 89 336 EEC and Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC Standards to which Conformity is Declared EN 61010 1 EN 55011 Group 1 Class A EN 50082 2 An EMC Technical Report Certificate has been issued in accordance with Part IV Reg 50 of the UK Regulations SI 1992 No 2372 by a UK appointed Competent Body namely Interference Technology International Limited 41 42 Shrivenham Hundred Business Park Shrivenham Swindon Wiltshire SN6 8TZ Certificate Number C283TRO 1ABS Dated 16th January 1997 Troxler Document Number 108205 Manufacturer Troxler Electronic Laboratories Inc PO Box 12057 3008 Cornwallis Road Research Triangle Park North Carolina 27709 USA Apparatus Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge Year of Declaration 1997 Original 2006 Corrected Model 3430 HOW USE THIS MANUAL Congratulations on the purchase of the Troxler Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge The Model 3430 Manual of Operation and Instruction contains information on how the Model 3430 operates and provides directions on the use of this gauge Site selection basic parameter setup moisture and density determination storage and advanced operations are included along with radiological information and system troubleshooting GUIDE TO SYMBOLS AND FORMATTING Throughout this manual symbols and special formatting are used
71. om the U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission or an Agreement State Owners of this gauge must maintain a current radioactive materials license as long as they own the gauge even if it is in storage and not actively being used 12 AXTROYLER gt 9 0 9 gt Any licensing issues discussed in this manual are for the United States To purchase a Model 3430 in Canada owners must obtain a radioisotope license from the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission CNSC The owner should obtain copies of the CNSC Regulations and the Transportation of Dangerous Goods Act and Regulations This manual provides a guide to Canadian shipping requirements in Appendix D Owners are encouraged to require study of this manual by users before allowing any use of the instrument To monitor exposure to radiation personnel should wear a dosimeter while operating or cleaning the gauge The sections of the manual covering radiation safety should be required reading for all operators and potential operators If these sections are not completely understood users should seek assistance from Troxler an appointed Troxler representative or others designated within the user organization Additional radiation safety information is available by attending a Troxler Nuclear Gauge Training Course As changes are made to local state and federal regulations on a continuing basis the owner user must maintain a knowledge of these regulations 7he responsib
72. on terminology CONTENTS Radiation The a eerte o EE AR a A 2 Atomic Structure sisien ennaii asna is A 2 Radiation Terminology eee A 3 Radiation Theory eene ereer tonia A 3 Radiatioti StatistiCs te leet A 4 A 5 Types of Radiation A 5 Limiting Exposures ss iere eee neret A 5 Monitoring Radiation essen 7 3430 Radiation Profile 2 A 8 Source Encapsulation eese A 11 Emergency Procedures essen A 12 Model 3430 1 RADIATION THEORY A more detailed discussion of radiological theory can be found in the 7roxler Nuclear Gauge Safety Training Program manual provided at the Troxler safety class ATOMIC STRUCTURE materials consist of chemical elements that can not decompose by ordinary chemical methods Some examples are H Hydrogen C Carbon O Oxygen U Uranium Cf Californium Cobalt Each element contains an atom with a unique structure The atom consists of protons neutrons and electrons Figure A 1 The protons and neutrons are grouped together in the nucleus The electrons orbit the nucleus An atom is normally electrically neutral because the positive charge of the protons cancels out the negative charge of the electrons ELECTRONS NEUTRON PROTON Figure
73. ource is missing 1 Immediately contact your Radiation Safety Officer RSO 2 Initiate a search for the source starting at the location where the gauge was last used AXTROYLER 4 C 2 3 Report lost or missing radioactive sources to your state or federal radiation control agency in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements 4 Contact the Troxler Radiation Safety Department for further advice GAUGE READINGS APPEAR ERRATIC Ensure that the source rod is properly locked in the desired backscatter or direct transmission position and is not resting on the test material Check the inside of the gauge for moisture To dry the gauge interior remove the keypad If necessary use a hair dryer on low heat to circulate warm air for one to three hours Remove any foreign objects from inside the gauge Ensure the hardware mounting screws are tight and in place Check count time a four minute count will give the highest precision with a repeatability of 1 pcf Erratic density readings may be caused by a dirty sliding block Clean the sliding block as described on page C 12 Perform a statistical stability stat test gt If test passes proceed with job gt If test fails repeat two more times If test fails two out of three times contact the nearest Troxler Service Center NOTE To aid in verifying gauge readings after a gauge has been calibrated mark a test area on a concrete floor sidewalk
74. pping and billing address not PO Box street address and zip Phone number and contact for questions from Troxler 4 Will estimate be required prior to performing any work on the system 4 Purchase Order Number All Government Agencies city county state and federal must send purchase order numbers Special offers may be discontinued at any time without prior notice C 26 AXTROYLER NOTE To prevent order duplication if an order has been placed by telephone please write Confirming Order on any follow up written requests NOTE Returning a 3430 gauge requires special handling and shipping procedures Follow the instructions in Appendix D Please contact a Troxler Sales Support or Service Representative with any questions AONVNALNIVIN Model 3430 C 27 TROXLER SERVICE CENTERS Troxler Corporate Headquarters 3008 Cornwallis Road P O Box 12057 Research Triangle Park NC 27709 Phone 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 Outside the U S A 1 919 549 8661 Fax 1 919 549 0761 Web www troxlerlabs com Technical Support Phone 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 E mail TroxTechSupport troxlerlabs com Midwestern Branch Office Florida Service Center 1430 Brook Drive 2376 Forsyth Road Downers Grove IL 60515 Orlando FL 32807 Fax 630 261 9341 Fax 407 681 3188 Western Regional Branch Office 11300 Sanders Drive Suite 7 Troxler European Subsidiary Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Troxler Electronics GmbH Fax 916
75. r maintaining and servicing the Model 3430 Surface Moisture Density Gauge The following procedures should be performed to keep the 3430 gauge in good working order If a serious problem with the gauge arises contact the nearest Troxler Service Center or representative for instructions CONTENTS Troubleshooting C 2 Possible Malfunction Indicators esee C 6 C 7 Battery Charging C 8 Alkaline Battery breues C 8 Mechanical Maintenance essere C 10 Inspecting the Source C 10 C 10 Source Rod Bearing C 11 Tungsten Sliding Block eene C 12 Gasket rene C 14 Leak petit E RUP Me Herd C 15 Replacement Parts ede toner t i ee C 16 Gauge Assembly 2 i E ay RO Iure C 16 Base Mechanical C 18 Source Rod Handle Assembly eese C 18 Preamplifier Assembly ieiti irik C 20 EZ Scaler Assembly ttp cer eee Ra pne 0 22 Ez Other Stand C24 C 25 5 C 25 Returning the Gauge for Service C 26 Troxler Service Centers ose es esee et ce C 28 Model 3430 C 1 TROUBLESHOOTING G
76. r your 3430 gauge are developed at the factory and are reflected on the factory calibration sheet 9 D m Q gt 2 O O 2 0 To access the Special functions press SPECIAL To access the Calibration Constants feature press the down arrow key eight times and press START ENTER Enter code 0 This feature requires the input of the access code found in the front of this manual Using the up and down arrow keys to select the correct number for the flashing digit enter the access code To accept the flashing value and select the next digit press START ENTER The gauge will prompt for the input of the E value NOTE If the value is negative enter a minus sign by pressing the down arrow key prior to entering the first digit Leading zeros must be entered for example 0 012345 To change the value of the flashing digit for the E value use the up and down arrows To accept the flashing value and select the next digit press START ENTER Model 3430 5 9 Enter the remaining constants for each depth NOTE If the calibration sheet lists B and F values instead of B 1000 and F 1000 values then the calibration is in English rather than metric units Therefore the B and F values must be converted to metric values and multiplied by 1000 before they are entered into the gauge more direct method is to multiply the B and F values by 62 4298 then enter the resulting products into
77. rt Phone 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 E mail TroxTechSupport troxlerlabs com Midwestern Branch Office Florida Service Center 1430 Brook Drive 2376 Forsyth Road Downers Grove IL 60515 Orlando FL 32807 Fax 630 261 9341 Fax 407 681 3188 Western Regional Branch Office 11300 Sanders Drive Suite 7 Troxler European Subsidiary Rancho Cordova CA 95742 Troxler Electronics GmbH Fax 916 631 0541 Gilchinger Strasse 33 D 82239 Alling nr Munich Germany Phone gt 3 Southwestern Branch Office 1 2016 East Randol Mill Road E mail troxlerG t online de Suite 406 Arlington TX 76011 Fax 817 275 8562 NOTE To locate an independent Troxler authorized service center near you call 1 877 TROXLER 1 877 876 9537 Model 3430 iii A CAUTIONS AND WARNINGS Units intended for use in countries that are members of the European Community are shipped with a CE approved AC adapter Troxler bin number 108354 Gauge cover is to be removed by trained service personnel only There are no user serviceable components inside Note that components behind the cover can have voltage potentials in excess of 50 volts during normal operation of the gauge Appendix A Radiation Theory and Safety should be read carefully and understood before using the gauge See page C 8 Alkaline Battery Use The source rod should automatically retract to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted by the handle See page C 12 Tungsten Slidi
78. s that can cause the gauge to yield erroneous results negative offset is required if the material to be measured is high in hydrogenous components such as cement gypsum coal or lime positive offset is required if the material is high in neutron absorbing material such as boron or cadmium The 3430 gauge requires an offset if measurements are to be taken inside a trench or close to vertical structures Vertical structures can scatter neutrons and gamma photons back to the gauge increasing the possibility of moisture or density errors due to high counts 4 2 AXTROYLER DENSITY OFFSET To access the Special functions press SPECIAL Press the down arrow key once to access the Offset function Press START ENTER to display Offset Density or ENTER Press START ENTER Dens Offset OFF Want to Enable To enable the Density Offset function press ON YES D off 0 0 PCF or ENTER Input the difference between the gauge and actual density readings To input a minus sign for a negative offset press the down arrow first To scroll through the numerals press up and down arrows To select the next digit and or exit press START ENTER The display will be Dens Offset ON gt lt 2 m D gt 2 3430 4 3 MOISTURE OFFSET Some soils contain hydrogen sources other than water and or neutron absorbers Since the 3430 gauge mea
79. s the display up 4 Scrolls the display down Allows entering or enabling of a 3 9 Proctor or Marshall value Allows the operator to change the count time Use to access the Standard Count mode DEPTH Allows entry of the source rod depth Provides access to the Special functions START Starts a measurement or completes ENTER answer entry SPECIAL 1 ADNVS Model 3430 3 3 SOURCE ROD POSITIONS Figure 3 2 shows the available positions of the source rod AN NOTE The source rod should always be in the SAFE position when the gauge is not in use SAFE POSITION Use for Storage and Standard Counts INDEXER TRIGGER BACKSCATTER POSITION 1 50 mm 4 4 019 SOURCE ROD INDEX ROD DIRECT TRANSMISSION POSITIONS PC 300 mm 12 in Figure 3 2 Source Rod Positions 3 4 AXTROYLER DAILY INSPECTION The gauge should be inspected daily before use to ensure proper operation of all safety features as follows V Push the source rod down into the backscatter position and then raise it back to the SAFE shielded position The source rod opening in the bottom of the gauge is equipped with a spring loaded tungsten sliding block that shuts when the source rod is in the SAFE position Turn the gauge over and verify that the sliding block is completely shut If any portion of the opening is uncovered the sliding block should be cleaned before using transporting or storing
80. se the up and down arrows to scroll through the various screens Model 3430 3 15 WD xxxxx PCF Use 1 amp keys DD xxxxx PCF PR Moist xxxxx PCF 96 Moist XX X 96 Air Void Void Ratio MOIST CR xx x DENS CR xx x M Count xxxxx D Count xxxxx WD Wet density in kg m or pcf DD Dry density in kg m or pcf Percent Proctor This value is valid only if an appropriate target has been entered for the material being tested MOIST Moisture value in kg m or pef MOIST Percent moisture Air Void See description below Void Ratio See description below MOIST CR Moisture count ratio DENS CR Density count ratio M Count Moisture counts as read by the gauge D Count Density counts as read by the gauge where AXTROYLER 3 16 Figure 3 6 illustrates the terms void ratio and 96 air voids The void ratio is the ratio of the volume occupied by air and water in the soil to the volume occupied by solid particles The term air voids refers to the volume of air voids only as a percentage of the total volume The following formulas are used to calculate the air voids and void ratio values AIR VOIDS 100 1 Vs Vt Vw Vt where Vs Volume of Soil Vt Total Volume Vw Volume of Water Or AIR VOIDS 100 1 DD SG Dw M Dw where Dw Density of Water SG Specific Gravity of Soil Particles DD Dry Density M Moisture VOID RA
81. sport the gauge unless the sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may violate transportation regulations and cause excessive personnel radiation exposure The tungsten sliding block may require cleaning if the source rod becomes difficult to lower into the measure position or if a click is not heard when the source rod is raised to the SAFE position An improperly operating sliding block may also result in erratic or incorrect density readings and increased radiation levels V With the source rod in the SAFE position place the gauge on its side V Clean the heads of the four screws holding the bottom plate to the gauge base Figure C 1 Using a screwdriver remove the four screws and the plate Replace the plate if excessive wear is evident on the inside surface of the plate V reduce radiological exposure stand to one side of the gauge Paying close attention to the position of the sliding block remove the block Clean the block and the cavity with a stiff brush or rag soaked in alcohol or WD 40 12 A TROYLER 4 Re install the sliding block with the angled side up Apply light coating of Magnalube G to the top angled surface of the block Do not apply grease to any other surface on the sliding block or in the sliding block area X Replace the wiper ring in the bottom plate 4 Re install the bottom plate Do not over tighten screws Ensure that the source rod moves up and down freely
82. sures moisture by determining the hydrogen content of the material and relating this to the water content both types of material could cause gauge readings that differ from the true moisture If measuring such materials use a moisture offset to adjust the readings The offset factor k is determined by comparing the moisture content of a laboratory sample with the moisture content determined by a gauge reading To determine the offset factor use the following procedure V a gauge reading at the site Record the reading 4 Remove sample from the measurement site then use laboratory methods methods for example oven dry and so on to determine the moisture content of the sample 96M Multiple samples and measurements may be taken Calculate the average moisture of the samples This average value should be used for the offset factor calculation V Calculate the offset factor k _ _ M MGauce Es 100 GAUGE If the value is negative a minus sign must be entered by pressing the down arrow before entering the first digit To access the Special functions press SPECIAL 4 4 AXTROYLER Press the down arrow key once to access the Offset function Press START ENTER to display Offset Density or ENTER To enter a moisture offset press the down arrow once and press START ENTER Moist Offset OFF Want to enable To enable the Moisture
83. ted below For more detailed information about these requirements please refer to the Troxler Transportation Guide 4 of the current IAEA Certificate 01 Competent Authority for each source in the gauge Special Form Certificate must be kept on file Current versions can be downloaded from the Troxler website www troxlerlabs com 4 of the results of the Type package testing must be kept on file Hazmat employee training records must be kept on file Emergency Response Information document must be in the vehicle and immediately accessible to the driver 4 properly completed bill of lading must be in the vehicle and immediately accessible to the driver The shipping papers must include a 24 hr emergency response phone number If shipping by air a Shipper s Declaration for Dangerous Goods must accompany the air waybill The package must be properly marked and labeled in accordance with hazmat regulations 4 The package must have a tamper evident seal The package must be inspected prior to each shipment The package must be securely blocked and braced in the vehicle to prevent shifting during transport D2 AXTROYLER Accident Notification Requirements In the event of a reportable incident involving radioactive material notify the licensing agency as soon as practical The operator is also required to notify at the earliest practical moment the U S DOT at 1 800 424 8802 of an
84. test site If taking a measurement around a core the gauge may be moved a few inches away from the hole to level the gauge 3 14 AXTROYLER TAKING A MEASUREMENT SOIL MODE The Soil mode is automatically selected when a Proctor value is enabled see page 3 8 AN NOTE When not taking measurements always keep the source rod in the SAFE position For added operator safety the source rod on the 3430 gauge automatically retracts to the SAFE position when the gauge is lifted by the handle If you do not hear a click when the source rod is raised to the SAFE position look at the bottom of the gauge to verify that the tungsten sliding block is completely closed If the gauge base opening is not completely closed by the sliding block the sliding block may require cleaning Refer to Appendix C for cleaning instructions CAUTION Do not store or transport the gauge unless the tungsten sliding block is completely closed Increased radiation levels may violate transportation regulations and cause excessive personnel exposure Place the gauge over the test site Release the gauge handle and push it down until it is in the correct position Ensure that the pin engages the notch in the index rod o gt m D gt o z Press START ENTER Depth xxin Time xxx sec After the count time has elapsed the gauge displays the measurement results in a series of six screens as follows U
85. the Gauge for Service APPENDIX D TRANSPORTATION AND SHIPPING 0 5 5 o iure lego ats ees Canadian Shipping Requirements eee APPENDIX E STANDARD COUNT LOG APPENDIX F UNIT CONVERSION Measurement 0 0 0 9 Radiological Units INDEX WARRANTY viii AXTROYLER 1X LIST OF FIGURES Title Model 3430 Gauge and Accessories Direct Transmission Geometry Backscatter Geometry Backscatter Surface Density Effects Top Layer Effect Curves siecle p Soe ede Effect of Moisture on Depth of Measurement Model 3430 Source Rod Positions 2 2 222122 Standard Count Position eee Drill Rod Positioning Marking the Test Area 0222 2 1 Voids Illustration eene Diagram of an Variation of Radioactive Emission Effect of Distance on Model 3430 Gauge and Transport Case Removing the Tungsten Sliding Block 3430 Gauge Assembly 3430 Gauge Base Mechanical Assembly 3430 Source Rod Handle Assembly 3430 Gauge Preamplifier Assembly
86. to over tighten the screws and tighten them evenly to prevent warping of the topshell tighten to about 6 in Ib torque X Reconnect the ribbon cable to the baseboard assembly and replace the front panel assembly Ere AER Model 3430 C 9 MECHANICAL MAINTENANCE CAUTION Personnel should wear a dosimeter to monitor radiation exposure while performing maintenance on the gauge INSPECTING THE SOURCE ROD To ensure the integrity of the source rod Troxler recommends that a qualified Troxler service person inspect the gauge and the source rod at least once every five years This inspection includes checking for excessive wear corrosion or damage that could affect the safe operation of the gauge CLEANING If the 3430 gauge is to provide precise and accurate measurements over a long period of time the gauge should be kept as clean as possible Monitor the outside surfaces of the instrument for accumulations of dirt oil asphalt or any other foreign matter If a build up of material is visible on the gauge base or topshell use the following procedures for cleaning To clean the gauge base use a putty knife to scrape away any built up accumulations of soil or asphalt Be careful not to damage the gauge base After removing any large accumulations wipe the gauge base with a cloth soaked WD 40 The WD 40 should remove the remaining debris CAUTION WD 40 can damage the keypad Do not allow WD 40 to come in contact
87. tteries in the gauge Charging may cause alkaline batteries to explode If recharging the NiCad batteries is not an option alkaline batteries may be used A separate battery case PN 104148 can be purchased as an option Note that all information stored in the gauge except the calibration constants and the chosen language is lost when the batteries are disconnected C 8 AXTROYLER V Turn the gauge off X Remove the display panel assembly by loosening the four captive screws on the display panel Disconnect the ribbon cable from the baseboard The ribbon cable connection is a locking release To disconnect push the levers on either side of the ribbon down 4 Remove the four screws that attach the topshell to the gauge base Lift the topshell up and secure it to the handle V After noting the polarity of the connection disconnect the battery pack The connector is a white plug with red and black wires Do not remove the connector with the red jumper X Loosen the battery pack screw closest to the baseboard This screw does not have to be completely removed in order to remove the pack To remove the battery pack slide the pack forward and lift up X Replace the battery pack by sliding the optional alkaline battery case beneath the rear screw and washer X Replace the front screw for the battery case 4 Connect the battery case to the baseboard observing the correct polarity X Replace the topshell Be careful not
88. verlay and select the corresponding lt value from Table 4 1 V Measure the thin lift overlay density with the gauge in backscatter position WD V Enter all values into the above equation and calculate the overlay density DT gt lt 2 m D gt 2 3430 4 11 EXAMPLE Given the following values Bottom Density DB 135 pcf 2162 kg m Overlay Thickness 1 2 inches 30 mm K from Table 4 1 2 0 38235 Density read by gauge WD 142 0 pcf 2275 kg m 142 0 135 x 0 38235 DT 1 0 38235 DT 146 3 DT 2275 2162 x 0 38235 1 0 38235 DT 2345 kg m NOTE The majority of the backscattered gamma rays reaching the detectors are the result of interactions in the top 3 3 inches 84 mm of the overlay In applications where the overlay thickness is greater than 3 3 inches 84 mm use 0 for the k value or use the actual gauge readings WD 4 12 AXTROYLER NOILVY3dO GAONVAGV 0 13459 0 12880 0 12078 0 11275 0 10781 0 10285 0 09790 0 09104 0 08418 0 07995 0 07572 0 07149 0 06562 0 05976 0 05615 0 05253 0 04892 0 04390 0 03889 0 03580 0 03271 0 02962 0 02676 0 02391 0 02105 0 01709 0 01313 0 01069 0 00825 0 00581 4 13 Table 4 1 K Values for Thin Lift Overlays Thickness mm 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 Th
89. xxx New Std Cnt To take a new standard count press ON YES Press START for Standard Count Ensure that the gauge is positioned as shown in Figure 3 3 To initiate the standard count press START ENTER After the count is complete the display will be Standard Count DS xxxx MS xxxx 3 10 A TROYLER METAL REFERENCE STANDARD BLOCK PLATE Figure 3 3 Standard Count Position Troxler recommends that the operator keep a daily log of the moisture and density standard counts see Appendix E To verify gauge stability compare the daily standard count to a reliable reference as follows o gt 0 m 2 gt gt 4 During the first four days of operation of a new or recalibrated gauge compare the daily standard count to the factory calibrated values After the first four days of operation or after taking four standard counts compare the daily standard count to the average of the last four counts Acceptable standard count limits are 1 each day for DS density standard and 2 each day for MS moisture standard After recording the standard counts return to the Ready mode by pressing ON YES Model 3430 3 11 SITE PREPARATION GAUGE POSITIONING Preparation of the test site surface is critical to gauge performance This section provides site preparation procedures for both soils and base courses and asphalt surfaces To ensure the most accurat

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