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1. This is not meant to be a production assembler It s missing several features commonly available in assemblers such as expressions ASCII constants decimal and octal modes It assembles about two lines of code a second It does however docu ment the command format for EXEC give some idea of the format of the extended opcodes designed into the 4052A 54A bit slice processor and really work Users who experiment with EXEC however will undoubtedly crash the firmware regularly until they figure out what they are doing NO SUPPORT BY TEKTRONIX IS IMPLIED OR WILL BE PROVIDED Included in the 4052A 54A Assembler documentation is the complete description of all new instructions in the A instruction set and a listing of entry points to system firmware routines The user will also need the M6800 Programming Reference Manual published by Motorola Inc The program material contained herein is supplied without warranty of any kind and without any representation regarding quality performance or suitability TEKTRONIX specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose Software support is TEKTRONIX Category C Software is provided on an as is basis Program 2 Title 4050A TECO Author Ed Post Tektronix Inc Wilsonville OR Memory Requirement 32K A Series Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 750 For those of you Real Programmers that think TECO is
2. s 4924 Operator s 4924 Reference Card Service 4923 4924 4932 GPIB Extender Instruction 4952 Joystick Instruction for 4010 Series Instruction for 4050 Series 4900 Series Graphics Tablets Standard 4953 54 Instruction 4953 54 Reference Card 4956 Operator s Service 4956 070 3996 00 070 3995 00 070 3993 00 070 1908 01 070 2128 00 070 2302 00 070 1909 01 070 2131 00 070 4324 00 070 1826 01 070 2098 00 070 1791 01 070 1787 00 070 2210 00 070 2211 00 4970 Cluster Controller 4970P01 Software User s Reference Guide Service Instruction Sheet 070 4392 00 070 4393 00 070 4448 00 IDD Applications Libraries Africa Europe Middle East Contact local sales office Australia IDD Applications Library Tektronix Australia Pty Limited Sydney 80 Waterloo Road North Ryde N S W 2113 Canada IDD Applications Library Tektronix Canada Ltd P O Box 6500 Barrie Ontario Canada L4M 4V3 Caribbean Latin America and Far East excl Japan IDD Group Export Marketing Tektronix Inc P O Box 500 Beaverton Oregon 97077 U S A Japan IDD Applications Library Sony Tektronix Corporation 9 31 Kitashinagawa 5 Tokyo 141 Japan United States IDD Applications Library Tektronix Inc Group 451 P O Box 500 Beaverton Oregon 97077 pasjuejens I EJSOQ UINJIN pus UIPIEMJOJ PJJSINDIN Uond SSAIPPV LLOL6 UOBJIQO UOJJIABIA 00S xog O d Isp dnoiy
3. students with no computer ex perience learned to write programs on their own with little difficulty The high resolu tion graphics of the systems are consistent with the intent of the training program and similar to the kind of data analysis which is expected of our science technician graduates by prospective employers Future Construction of new science facilities in cludes a scientific graphics computing lab oratory The graphics lab will contain the equipment described in the second configu ration and some future acquisitions Central ly located to all science labs this lab will serve as a distribution center for a localized network of computing systems for scientific applications and will serve as the interme diate link to the college mainframe compu ter Interest and support indicate expanded use of computerized systems for other science labs The enthusiastic student response to the Chemistry Laboratory Computer Training Program coupled with the very positive re sults has provided the initiative for a sepa rate course on computer programming em phasizing graphics in science applications We anticipate an increase in student enroll ment as curriculums become more visible to prospective students This of course would have an overall effect on the enrollment trends in the Chemistry Laboratory Train ing program The bottom line at Cobleskill has always been on how well the college has prepared its students f
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5. The working storage needed is only the matrix itself since the inverse is overwritten on the original matrix Matrix A must be computationally positive definite Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 27 Program 10 Title 4050 4010 Utilities Author Ed Sawicki Tektronix Inc Wilsonville OR Memory Requirement 16K Peripherals 4010 Graphics Terminals Files 2 ASCII Programs Statements 300 This is a package of routines for driving 4010 family terminals from a 4050 Graphics System The routines are written in 4050 BASIC and are organized as callable subroutines Most of the routines perform conversion from 4010 style data to decimal data or vice versa which can be manipulated easily by a user written mainline program Each routine is well documented with a banner preceding the actual code The banner lists subroutine entry and exit requirements as well as temporary scratch variables used A sample program is included Program 11 Title TELEX Author Ruud Borstel Tektronix Inc Amstelveen The Netherlands Memory Requirement 16K Peripherals Opt 1 Data Comm I F RS 232 Paper Tape Punch Optional 4641 3 Printer Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 301 This program creates telex code paper tapes As a source of data it will use files from the internal cartridge tape These files containing ASCII data can be produced by other programs e g MATRIX package This makes it possible to put computer generated data on a
6. Y A TITRATE E U M ALL THE BASE 8 ener ERGA 21 EN ML HAVE BEEN ADDED UNTIL THERE ARE 2 DROPS ih re MIX ML gt OR BY DROP gt 7ML 8 TO 0528 34 CREMENTS 8 5 TO 52 5 TITRATE BY HOR MANY ML L H 8 l CHOOSE ML IN I TO CONTINUE PRESS RETURN fig 1b Methods for teaching computerized analysis Interfacing the Tektronix 4051 with an ana lytical instrument in two phases provides students with a better understanding of how the final results are obtained A gas chro matograph was selected as the first instru ment for this purpose A typical student experiment with this instru ment is determining the percent composition of a mixture of volatile liquids A mixture of known composition is injected into the chromatograph The instrument separates the components and generates an analog signal which is recorded with a strip chart recorder Each peak in the chromatogram corresponds to a component in the mixture the area under a peak is proportional to the amount of that component Each component has a unique proportionality constant called a response factor which can be calculated from the chromatogram of the known mixture The unknown mixture is then injected peak areas are measured proportionality con stants are applied to the peak areas and the percent composition is calculated This pro cedure requires a lot of measurements and manual data transfers It is of course very
7. are anxious to acquire a Tektronix 4909 hard disk Wrapping up the conversation Rollin wanted to stress another point he considered very im portant for someone considering a CADD system attitude and responsiveness both of which have been excellent from both Ar rigoni and Tektronix When we have en countered problems the solution has nearly always been just a phone call away Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Questioned about his plans Rollin responded While I don t believe that you can eliminate manual drafting entirely I intend to replace 90 of it by expanding our utilization of the TOUCH N DRAW system and acquiring a hard disk I feel that computers will be play ing an important role in the future of com mercial architecture The Arrigoni Tektronix CADD system has allowed me to get a head start on that future at a price I can live with Editor s Note TEKniques thanks Gardner Asso ciates of Webster TX for taking time to share their reasons for purchasing the Arrigoni CADD system Solution Vendor Program Includes Design Manufacturing Data Representation and Architectural Applications By making users of Tektronix equipment aware of compatible software available from third party vendors Tektronix is helping cus tomers find timely solutions to their applica tion problems Product Manufacturing and Consulting Services Inc 17942 Cowan Irvine CA 92714 714 540
8. by Patricia Kelley TEKniques Staff Before I got this equipment I knew I would be dealing with a large number of data points While raster scan has its place without the storage tube I couldn t get the needed resolu tion to display all the data points and would have to look at my graph piecemeal That would make it much more difficult The Tek tronix 4052 has an enormous advantage I don t think I could find anything better The speaker is Dr Edward Zeller professor of geology at the University of Kansas He is part of a team of scientists engaged in long term studies aimed at improving our under standing of the sun The Changing Sun Captured in Ice Over the past centuries solar activity flares sunspots storms has been pretty well doc umented and periods of maximum and min imum activity identified Captured within the frozen terrain of Antarctica a series of phy sical clues not available anywhere else seems to echo the visual records informing of the sun s behavior Nitrate concentrations with in the ice correlate positively with some of the known features of the solar activity record Pursuing these clues since 1975 and each year thereafter Dr Zeller has been visiting Antarctica during the astral summer collect ing ice core samples from various sites In this laboratory a layer of snow is devel oped each season Since these layers can be counted like tree rings the amount of snow that falls
9. local control or stand alone use wasn t possi ble Local Programmability closes this gap A Typical Application Although some applications will continue to require a host for its computational power or large data base storage using Local Pro grammability the preprocessing or post processing of the graphics data can be as signed to the 4110A terminal For example consider a finite element analysis application using a 4110A terminal with Local Programmability By running the program locally without con nection to the host you can do all the pre processing for the application at the 4110A terminal First you generate the model of a structure using the keyboard thumbwheels or graphics tablet Local Programmability provides control of the terminal s intelligence allowing you to reposition rotate and scale the displayed model make changes or even draw the structure on a plotter Once satis fied with the model displayed on the screen you log on and transmit the model descrip tion to the host computer for analysis The analysis data from the host is then transmit ted to the 4110A After logging off the host you continue the postprocessing at the 4110A terminal In this case the host system was needed to analyze the finite element model but the locally programmed 4110A terminal did everything else Many application programs mapping CAD CAM curve and spline fitting graphing and linear regressions can run
10. ly stacked in the output tray Copies come out dry with the image side down to col late the copies Individual snap in self sealing ink cartridges for each color avoid messy fingers and econo mize on total ink use Depending on the den sity of the images the large capacity 200 ml cartridges may last for over 4000 copies The ink quantity is electrically monitored and only the cartridge that is empty need be replaced Front panel lights signal when ink and paper are low or when service is required Compatible Configuration A firmware option permits the 4691 Color Copier to be plug compatible with the 4113A pedestal and desk configurations It allows 4113A copy either push button from the keyboard or under program control As a special feature Plot 10 Easy Graphing II and Local Programmability packages can execute display patterning which adds as many as 125 shades to the 4691 s basic eight colors Hard copy colors are automatically matched to those on the screen Commands support image spooling to the optional 4113A internal disk which means an image file is created on disk that can be recopied to the 4691 This permits work at the terminal to continue virtually uninter rupted during the copy process The 4691 Color Graphics Copier is meant to be shared The multiplexing option connects as many as four terminals at once to the 4691 The high performance of the 4691 in par ticular its ability to place 240
11. on the 4110A graphics terminal without any host support Digitizing a map on a graphics tablet for example can be done locally on the 4110A terminal without the costs and line delays of communicating with a host system The Tools A powerful package of software 4100 Local Programmability supplies all the elements necessary to develop and run programs local 10 ly to access the terminal s graphic and al phanumeric features and to control all pe ripherals plotters printers graphics tablets mass storage devices connected to the terminal Local Programmability relies on a new 8087 numeric coprocessor and ROM RAM board as well as the 4110 terminal s standard 8086 processor These hardware additions speed floating point computations and enhance the processing of such applications as technical data analysis Existing 4110 Series terminals are easily upgraded through Field Kits to 4110A terminals The 4110P01 Local Programmabilitv pack age includes a FORTRAN 86 compiler util ity programs and a library of Low Level Terminal Interface LTI subroutines all im plemented with an industry standard oper ating system the CP M 86 A local version of the PLOT 10 Interactive Graphics Library IGL may be included For those program mers who need assembler support Digital Research s ASM 86 assembler or Intel s ASM86 assembler are also available Designed specifically for the 8086 micropro cessor and 8087 coprocess
12. 00 061 2459 00 070 4401 00 070 3450 00 070 3452 00 070 1830 01 070 1660 02 070 3636 00 070 3449 00 070 345 1 00 070 183 1 02 070 1686 04 070 4128 00 070 4127 00 070 2063 01 070 2486 01 070 3871 00 070 2489 01 070 3870 00 4600 Series Interactive Digital Plotters Standard 4662 w Opt 31 Operator s 4662 w Opt 31 Programmer s Reference 4662 w Opt 31 Programmer s Guide 4663 Operator s 4663 Programmer s Reference 4663 Programmer s Guide Service 4662 w Opt 31 4662 067 0831 00 Diagnostic Test Fixture Instruction 4663 Vol 1 4663 Vol 2 4663 067 0859 00 Diagnostic Test Fixture Instruction Options 4662 Opt 31 Installation 4663 TTY I F Installation 070 4165 00 070 4164 00 070 2556 01 070 3807 00 070 3806 00 070 2828 01 070 1933 01 070 2564 00 070 2669 00 070 3453 00 070 2842 00 070 3767 00 070 3411 00 4900 Series File Manager Systems Standard 4907 Installation Guide 4907 Operator s 4907 Reference Card 4909 Installation Instruction 4909 Operator s 4909 Site Preparation Sheet Service 4907 4907 Flexible Disk Drive 4909 4909 Power Supply 4909 Hard Disk Drive 31 070 2493 00 070 2380 02 070 2381 01 070 4284 01 070 3994 00 070 3997 00 070 2405 00 070 2504 01 061 2573 00 070 3732 00 070 3999 00 Options 4050R10 ROM Pack Instruction 4050R10 ROM Pack Guide 4909 GPIB Reference 4900 Series Tape Drive Systems Standard 4923 Operator
13. 01 Tekniques Vol 6 No 1 D1 062 6442 00 062 6442 01 Tekniques Vol 6 No 2 D1 062 65I15 00 062 6515 01 Tekniques Vol 6 No 3 DI 062 6516 00 062 6516 01 Tekniques Vol 6 No 3 T1 062 6514 00 062 6514 01 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 TI 062 6704 00 062 6704 01 Orders Outside U S To order a copv of the catalog or to order a package contact the local Tektronix sales office or one of the Libraries serving your area See Librarv Addresses section of TEKniques Program Contributions Contribute one program to the Applications Librarv and receive the package of your choice in exchange Send in the membership card from your 4050 Series Graphic System Reference Manual to get the details In the U S you may call us at 503 685 3618 Outside the U S call your local Tektronix sales office or your Applications Library See Library Addresses section of TEKniques Software Support Category C The program material contained herein is supplied without warranty of any kind and without any representation regarding quality performance or suitability TEKTRONIX specifically disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability of fitness for a particular purpose Software support is TEKTRONIX Category C Software is provided on an as is basis TEKniques Vol 6 No 4 T1 Part 062 6704 01 TEKniques Vol 6 No 4 T1 tape consists of 17 programs two CAD four Education Research three Graphing
14. 38 14 00 070 2504 01 070 4403 00 070 4192 00 070 2266 00 070 2242 00 070 224 1 00 070 4166 00 070 4191 00 070 2244 00 070 2245 00 070 3650 00 070 4197 00 070 2247 00 070 2101 01 4010A04 Preview Routines for CalComp Plotters Installation Guide User s 4010A05 Character Generation System Installation Guide User s Reference Card 4010A06 Graphics Tablet Utility Routines Installation Guide User s Manual 30 070 4196 00 070 2378 00 070 4195 00 070 225 1 00 070 1869 02 070 2252 00 070 2253 00 4010A10 Terminal Control System for IBM TSO Installation Guide Verification User s User s System Reference Card 070 4194 00 070 2266 00 070 2241 00 070 2242 00 070 4166 00 4010A14 Intelligent Graphics Enhancement Routines User s 4010A15 TCS IGL Bridge Reference Installation Guide 4662A01 Utility Routines User s Verification Routines User s Reference Guide Installation Guide 4663A01 Utility Routines User s Verification Routines User s Reference Guide Installation Guide B Series Easy Graphing Installation Guide Non Color System Non Color User s Non Color Reference Card Color System Color User s Color Reference Card 4010B01 Installation Guides paper tape Opt 2 DEC PDP 11 RSX 11 RT 11 Opt 8 HP 3000 MPE 4010B02 Installation Guides punched cards Opt 5 Univac Exec 8 Opt 6 Honeywell 6000 GCOS Opt 7 CDC NOS KRONOS 4010B03 In
15. 3921 Stimulating innovation by allowing designers to explore more alternatives to perform a more thorough analysis of the result and to produce a better product is the reason for the ANVIL series of CAD CAM software Manufacturing and Consulting Services Inc MCS has recently introduced its new ANVIL 4000L as a significantly enhanc ed replacement for its AD 2000 the most widely accepted computer independent CAD CAM software ever developed ANVIL 4000L provides the capabilities for engineers to fully automate the design and manufacturing of a product Some of its components are geometry generation geom etry manipulation and grouping families of parts file management management of in formation view and scale manipulation mechanical drafting geometric analysis numerical control and user applications The products of three firms which have re cently been included in the program are pro filed For more information contact your local Tektronix Sales Engineer Design Engineering and Manufacturing Its flexibility allows each user to customize his own environment Examples are elec tronic design drafting finite element model ing 2 D nesting 3 D packaging sheet metal bending piping design drafting or utility management The modular styling of ANVIL 4000L allows the user to choose only the configuration that suits his application then add on as needed ANVIL 4000L can run on most of the world s
16. Dreschhoff have been working since 1976 to determine if there is aresource potential for uranium and tho rium on the Antarctic continent Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 TA 40 NITRATE ug l nN g 20 VOSTOK o T NITRATE ug 1788 Figure 1 Plot of ice core samples from South Pole Station and Vostok Station with 1655 data points in the former and 598 in the latter COMPARISON OF SQUTH POLE AND VOSTOK SMOOTHED NITRATE CURVES WITH ATMOSPHERIC CARBON 14 CADAPTED FROM EDDY 1977 AND CORRECTED FOR EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD CHANGES 4 SOUTH POLE VOSTOK nf pe 1988 1700 1500 1300 1188 988 YEARS Figure 2 Applying one of the smoothing functions the cubic spline program from the PLOT 50 Mathematics package to incremental averages from the raw data obtained the 10 year interval smoothed curves Flying in a helicopter low and slow over peaks poking through the ice they capture their data with a gamma ray detector The signal is sent to the recorder and logged in analog form on a strip chart digital record ers don t like to work in temperatures well below zero Back at the University the strip charts are digitized into the 4052 and analyzed The analysis will show the total count the count from potassium 40 from uranium and from thorium and the ratios of potassium to tho rium and potassium to uranium The nitrate sampling and resource inve
17. Thus a medium sized drawing could fit within Ex tended Memory along with the most used functions to provide rapid interaction Or a user with a huge drawing could use the disk for drawing space and all of Extended Memory for function overlays Conversely a designer may wish to use all of Extended Memory for drawing space and call the over lays from disk Which option is best depends on the application and therefore the user s choice Full 4909 Multi User File Manager support supplies the capacity for the PLOT 50 2 D drafting user to take advantage of the hard disk unit File management is automatically provided the PLOT 50 2 D Drafting user sim ply responds to prompts PLOT 50 2 D Drafting has always included plot drivers for CalComp and Tektronix plot ters Now Hewlett Packard and Benson D and E A1 and AO size plotters are accom modated directly through the software or indirectly through TransEra ROM packs Users with the Tektronix 4054A Series Graph ics Systems will find item selection and cross hatching speeded since the new release of PLOT 50 2 D Drafting takes advantage of the A series capabilities Enhancements for drawing creation and communication ex pand the system s versatility and ease of use The new release of PLOT 50 2 D Drafting is offered at the original price Existing PLOT 50 2 D Drafting users under warranty or Software Subscription Service will auto matically be provided with th
18. WINDOW Or 2409027200 X XXK2 ve KOR FOR Is1T0S DRAW BI2 8 1T 1X T 9X CT NEXT I 265 REM XKXXKKXKKKKX relative ULUS TATA Oy 2020r 2090 TATA OrOr 2040920 REAL X MOVE 8322118120 90 FOR Is1 TO 5 RIKAW B3I2 2031X 1 sV T NEXT I The principle advantage of using the PRINT statement is that the data pairs could be ex pressly put in for a sequence of DRAWS for example 335 REM XXXXXOXXXXXX EXPLICIT GOU DATA FAIRS 340 350 360 INIT PRINT 32 21260 45 PRINT 32 20370245 270255 7607557140745 I hope this clarifies the connection between the two aforementioned Programming Tips 4662 Plotter Joystick Replaces Optional Joystick by Jerry Steiner and John Tria The Ohio State University Columbus OH During data analysis we indicate points of in terest on our 4051 graphic display by moving a cursor across the display to the desired point A GIN command then acquires the UDU co ordinates for that point We have seen two other methods that move a cursor across a graphic display One method uses the User Definable Keys and exact place ment of the cursor can be difficult The sec ond method uses the 4952 joystick and is quite easy to use In our technique a small subroutine and the joystick on the 4662 plot ter replace the 4952 Joystick and the POINTER command This sample program sets up a box and asks two questions that require movement of the cursor When control transfers to the pointer subrout
19. disk together with the supporting documentation listings are not Documentation Package Package Title Part Part Business Aids TI 062 5987 00 062 5987 01 Business Aids T2 062 5988 00 062 5988 01 CALLS secs cee er esd b a 062 5976 00 069 5976 01 CAD DE i errat cee waks 062 5977 00 062 5977 01 Character Generator TI 062 5951 00 062 595 l 01 Education Research TI 062 5982 00 062 5982 01 Education Research T2 062 5983 00 062 5983 01 Electrical Enginenering TI 062 5978 00 062 5978 01 Graphing Tl She Donate 062 5964 00 062 5964 01 Graphing T2 sasisenazmzejnzn 062 5965 00 062 5965 01 Graphing TI sa xiolisile ji bees 062 5966 00 062 5966 01 Graphing DI sissi ea e 062 5967 00 062 5967 01 Graphine D2 asa eee neh 062 5968 00 062 5968 01 Interfacing TI a an 062 5984 00 _ 062 5984 01 Mappine TI issena ik away 062 5980 00 062 5980 01 Mechanical Engineering T1 062 5979 00 062 5979 01 Programming Aids Tl 062 5971 00 062 5971 01 4110 Series As 4110 Series program packages become available they will be an nounced in Tekniques A catalog will be published when a sufficient number of packages are collected U S Orders The field office has the current prices Order IDD Applications Library programs through the toll free number of Tektronix Central Parts Ordering T
20. each year is predictable over time Dr Zeller and his colleagues collect the samples from areas known as South Pole Station and Vostok Station by digging pits and chiseling out plates of snow or by drill ing ice cores The samples are packed in sec tions in plastic tubes and sent back to the United States in refrigerated ships and ul timately flown to Virginia Polytechnic Insti tute in Blacksburg There the sections are carefully calculated for density and the average annual accumula tion rate of snow and water Professor Bruce Parker of the Department of Biology then chemically analyzes the cores for nitrate using ultraviolet spectrophotometric measurement The resulting data are sent to Dr Zeller at the University of Kansas for processing In the examples discussed here samples cover ing approximately 1200 years were taken 12 1655 individual analyses for a 108 meter South Pole ice core and 598 analyses from a 47 meter Vostok core Samples Interpreted With the help of the 4052 Desktop Comput er Dr Zeller is extracting a picture from the ice sample data He reflected We are able to connect with our central computer but as far as we re concerned the 4052 is a main frame and it s been very satisfactory Right now we use it primarily for data analysis We routinely apply polynomial regressions linear regressions and various smoothing functions from your Statistics and Mathematics pack ages We
21. easily Passwords and ac cess codes give users security features to con trol their files accessability For those applications which have outgrown the single user 4907 File Manager converting to the 4909 version is painless Functional ly the 4909 based software looks and acts similar to the 4907 versions Users aren t re quired to re learn a new system just some minor terminology Operationally the per formance of almost all operations is im proved by the 4909 PLOT 50 2 D Drafting Interactive Digitiz ing and Picture Composition automate size able tasks The 4909 Multi User File Mana ger strengthens the process as the number of users or amount of data increase Your local Tektronix Sales Engineer can pro vide more information on PLOT 50 software support of the 4909 s convenient economi cal multi user mass storage TEKniques Vol 6 No 3 Vol 5 No 3 and Vol 5 No 1 profiled the characteristics of these three packages 14 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 New 4907 ROM Pack Enhances and Adds Commands by Pat Franz Tektronix Inc Wilsonville OR The BASIC language extensions of the 4052A and 4054A Desktop Computers necessitated a redesigned 4907 File Manager ROM pack to take care of such features as multichar acter variable names comment tails and so forth At the same time the File Manager disk formatting function was streamlined and er ror handling routines were included Two choi
22. hand calculation It also estab lishes the role of the 4051 in an integrated computerized system In the second phase the 4051 is interfaced di rectly with the instrument A program run ning on the 4051 enables students to collect and manipulate data This procedure pro vides the students with valuable experience for future jobs they now recognize the com puterized instrumentation as a complete data acquisition and processing system while using equipment representative of what they will encounter in future laboratory work Results While still too early to determine the long range benefits discussion with recent grad uates who are now employed indicate they are often expected to write their own pro grams for data analysis These visiting alum ni also frequently encounter Tektronix equip ment whenever graphics is essential in the work In a recent survey by the College Place ment Office two 1982 science technician graduates reported starting salaries of ap proximately 18 000 The Tektronix equipment has met all expec tations Despite the relatively high volume use by inexperienced students as well as ex perienced ones the equipment has proven to be reliable and durable For the few occasions needed Tektronix service has been prompt and efficient The manuals are clear concise and easy to follow Using the two manuals Introduction to Programming in BASIC and Introduction to Graphic Programming in BASIC
23. options can transform the standard graphics into in tricately tailored plots Full control over lay out and embellishments is still possible put ting truly professional graphics within reach without compromising the immediate avail ability of simple graphs DISSPLA Where TELL A GRAF s pre programmed plots and conversational language give con trol to the user without programming skills DISSPLA provides a library of over 400 sub routines for both business and scientific programmers Virtually any data can be turned into presen tation quality charts graphs 3 D diagrams maps and contour plots DISSPLA has equal ly broad applications in business science and engineering Without being a graphics expert the DISSPLA programmer can produce graphics of highest quality quickly accurately and easily TELL A GRAF and DISSPLA are the most widely used data representation software sys tems in the industry Computer independent the packages run on a variety of host com puters and both support the 4010 and 4100 Series of Tektronix Graphics Terminals ISSCO backs its software systems by com prehensive support On site installation and education software enhancement releases and technical information and programming solutions all keep the user up to date An in dependently run ISSCO Users Group shares experiences and inputs to ISSCO s product planning A phone in consulting service pro vides prompt answers to
24. questions concern ing ISSCO graphics software y fa B O fH a e 3 8 9 fou N XN ja Architecture Facilities Arrigoni Computer Graphics 170 Knowles Avenue Los Gatos CA 95030 408 370 1400 Created by design professionals TOUCH N DRAW a CADD system is specifically tailored for architectural interior design and facilities planning applications The system opens up the opportunity for small to medi um sized firms to implement computer aid ed design and drafting however TOUCH N DRAW is also being used by large archi tectural firms and in facilities planning de partments for Fortune 1000 companies By using TOUCH N DRAW complete pre cise architectural floor plans may be pro duced edited and stored Existing floor plans are easily modified allowing plans to keep pace with architectural changes Single line work as well as very sophisticated work may be accomplished Symbol placement and texturing programs quickly and accurately enhance drawings Stylized architectural lettering fonts are in cluded for annotation As the plan is created areas or perimeters of selected rooms boun daries shapes etc may be automatically calculated Accumulating material and labor for an entire project and figuring cost is ac curate and rapid By performing the details of drafting TOUCH N DRAW leaves the architect or Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 engineer free to create Automatic scaling sn
25. run locally on a 4110A terminal The size of the program is limited only by the amount of available local memory You can also create and maintain your own library of object modules A utility program provided by Local Programmability will join a series of object modules into a library will add and delete library modules and will gen erate a listing of the modules and public sym bols in a library file The power flexibility and diverse strengths of the 4110A Series terminals provide the hardware tools for a wide range of graphic ap plications now Local Programmability of fers the solution to slow data communica tion lines No longer are you relegated to im patient waiting for even the simplest tasks and functions Local Programmability gets the job done quickly by putting the graphic computing power where it belongs at the fingertips of the user Contact your local Tektronix Sales Engineer for more information on how Local Pro grammability can help you with your application J TEKniques Vol 6 No 3 discussed segments fonts programmable keys and other unique strengths of the 4110 Series of color and mono chrome raster scan and DVST terminals 11 Making annual treks to the Antarctic continent during its summer Dr Giesela Dreschhoff left and Dr Edward Zeller collect ice core samples and mineral resource data which are later analyzed at the University of Kansas on the Tektronix 4052 Graphics System
26. the only REAL text editor there now exists one that runs on the 4052A and 4054A This TECO implements most of the commands available in common versions running on DEC time sharing systems and is capable of editing files on 26 tape disk or extended memory Numeric and string Q registers are available and Q registers can be run as Macros The combination of TECO the 4050A assembler and the extended memory option makes creation and testing of assembly language programs convenient Program 3 Title Printed Circuit Board Layout Author Franz Reiter Rohde amp Schwarz Tektronix Austria Memory Requirement 4054 Opt 30 64K Peripherals 4663 Plotter Files 1 Binary Program 1 Data File example Statements 844 Design the printed circuit board on the 4054 screen Define symbols of up to 50 solder tags for quick duplication All lines and solder tags are in the standard grid DIP size 2 54 mm or in half grid Design two layers at once one drawn in dashed lines on the screen or with the second pen on the plotter Redraw just Layer 1 or Layer 2 or just all solder tags or the whole drawing Full zooming of any board section no restriction of board size Delete any line solder tag or symbol for correction The standard line is 0 3 mm broad any other value selectable The standard solder tap has a diameter of 1 5 mm any other value selectable Plot the drawing on foil in any desired scaling Generate your copper board
27. two Interfacing one Mechanical Engineering two Programming Aids one Recordkeeping one Text Pro cessing and one Utility Four of the programs must be transferred to their own dedicated tapes Complete instructions for accomplishing the transfers are included in the documentation The individual abstracts describe the programs Program 1 Title 4052A 54A Assembler Author Ed Post Tektronix Inc Wilsonville OR Memory Requirement 64K Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 600 A CALL EXEC routine has been added to the 4052A and 4054A Series Graphics Systems to allow users to execute programs written in 6800 machine code Extensions allow access to the enhanced A series instruction set This program is an assembler written in 4052A 54A extended BASIC which will read an assembly language program from a tape file assemble it generating relocation information as well then store the object code in another file for later execution Any of the editors available in the Applications Library or the 4052R06 Editor ROM pack can be used to create an assembly program in a file This assembler program will prompt for the input file of the assembly pro gram and the output file on which to store the object code A listing will also be displayed on the screen with any syntax errors listed below the err ing line of code A symbol table is produced after the completed listing showing all absolute and relative labels generated
28. utilities which enhance the operating system s usability For those users who need the unique capa bilities of an assembler and do not require direct interfacing with 4110A Firmware Local Programmability provides support for the Digital Research ASM 86 and the Intel ASM86 The Digital Research assembler is small and fast and provides easy access to low level CP M 86 operating system services However the ASM 86 output code cannot be easily linked with FORTRAN programs The Intel ASM86 assembler output code is completelv compatible with FORTRAN through the linker editor The Process Using the tools provided bv Local Program mability you can create and edit your source program in FORTRAN 86 or ASM86 macro assembly language This source file is then compiled or assembled into 8086 executable object code A linker program LINK86 merges all of the 8086 object modules comprising your program into one module that can be ex ecuted by the 4110A terminal For instance all LTI and IGL subroutines are stored on disks in the form of object code If your source program calls any of these sub routines the LINK86 program extracts the called modules from the libraries LINK86 resolves external references e g any address field that refers to a location in a different object module and generates a link map and error list Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 The individual linked program modules are stored in a disk file and can be
29. wide word 24 bit to 64 bit computers ANVIL 4000L is designed so that informa tion generated on one computer architecture with ANVIL 4000L can be retrieved and transmitted to any other computer running ANVIL 4000L An interactive graphics CAD CAM system ANVIL 4000L supports all the Tektronix 4010 and 4100 Series of graphics terminals including storage tubes and color or mono chrome raster scan All input configurations and various types of output configuration such as plot files and numerical control out put files can be run simultaneously on one computer MCS is committed to supplying the needs of their users by continually increasing the pro ductivity of ANVIL 4000L as a design man agement information drafting and manufac turing system And MCS guarantees that up ward compatibility will be available as long as ANVIL 4000L is being produced by MCS Thus a drawing created in 1982 on ANVIL 4000L can be retrieved in 1986 on ANVIL 4000L ZAKIS HC MACHINING INTERSECTION CURVE TOOL PATHS Data Representation ISSCO 10505 Sorrento Valley Road San Diego CA 92121 714 452 0170 Regardless of the company s size or type of activity ISSCO offers decision makers of all kinds the software tools they need to make information immediately understand able and enlightening TELL A GRAF and DISSPLA data representation graphics can reveal in a single chart or graph what is buried in pages of compute
30. you get the most out of your graphic system The week long workshops combine classroom lecture with extensive laboratory sessions The 1983 Schedule is Rockville MD December 6 10 January 10 14 January 3 7 March 7 11 January 31 February 4 May 2 6 February 28 March 4 March 21 25 April 4 8 May 2 6 May 23 27 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Santa Clara CA For additional information contact 4050 Series Graphics Systems Workshop Registrar Mail Stop 63 574 Tektronix Inc P O Box 1000 Wilsonville OR 97070 503 685 3749 ED 19 Programming 4052A 4054A Hints by Lee Rainey Tektronix Inc Dayton OH Perhaps the most dramatic changes in the 4050A result from the upward compatible superset of traditional BASIC For most ef fective use some cautions are in order as well as some examples Mnemonic Names The most obvious new capability is the multi character variable names This allows mnemonic names for readable code and overcomes the limit of only 26 possible string names the new BASIC permits construc tion of 8x 10 different string names To use mnemonic names effectively two re quirements must be kept in mind First the variable name must not begin with three let ters that match a keyword abbreviation This may seem to be a limitation as many good variable names are already keywords LIST DISTANCE etc In such an instance use the technique favored by Prime and begin the name w
31. 0 070 2809 00 070 28 10 00 062 1856 00 070 2776 00 070 2777 00 062 2280 00 070 2288 01 070 2287 01 070 2226 01 070 2214 00 070 2290 00 070 2888 00 070 3766 00 061 2478 00 070 2673 01 070 2544 00 4050D01 Easy Graphing Vol 1 User s 4050D01 Easy Graphing Vol 1 Card 4050D02 Statistics Tests and Distributions User s 4050D03 Statistics Analysis of Variance User s 4050D04 Statistics Multiple Linear Regression User s 4050D05 Statistics Nonlinear Regressions User s 4054D06 Picture Composition User s 4054D06 Picture Composition w 4909 User s 4052D07 Interactive Digitizing User s 4052D07 Interactive Digitizing w 4909 User s 4054D08 2 D Drafting User s 4054D08 2 D Drafting w 4909 User s 4052D10 Document Preparation User s 4052D10 Document Preparation Guide 4050D11 MicroPERT disk User s PLOT 50 Applications w 4909 User s 4600 Series Hard Copy Units Standard 4611 Operator s 4612 Operator s 4631 User s 4632 User s 4634 User s Service 4611 4612 4631 4632 Options 4611 Video Multiplexer Instruction 4612 Video Multiplexer Instruction 4632 Enhanced Grey Scale User s 4600 Series Printers Standard 4642 4642 1 Operator s 4643 Operator s Service 4642 4642 1 4643 070 2936 00 070 2935 01 070 343 1 00 070 3703 00 070 3702 00 070 3987 00 070 3701 00 Q70 4394 00 070 3763 00 070 4395 00 070 3796 00 070 4401 00 070 3764 00 070 3849
32. 0 by 1500 dots in a B size image makes it appropriate for sharing as a host system resource Host copy means connecting the copier directly to the mainframe processor instead of the terminal which allows the 4691 to copy the host data at its full resolution Because it s connected to the central data source a host connected 4691 can serve all the workstations in a system In future issues of TEKniques we ll be talking more about host interfacing Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 v7 Li CMMI ITI LI OM CIC ICU CIC CO eee LE eh EY ee er LI fC er ee fe ee LI LAL OIC LALS TL LIST ee MM g aj OOP m da TR oe oe SUE errant 15 Seve KUDU JEJLJOJAILI ILIEJEI Cece UV OVE PEE OU ME LIL EE O Eee OU EL IGKOFIL KJONJIE DT Lil MIC Lis Il Cr Be IOI TL IO Fe CU Le a a Se Sl es a oe eu T EVE LEV Torme 21 09 04 14 88 BB TK IDBCREP eh nat a ika w RA A Awan CHILS H2446 ah A A anhaan en amp LI aah wane 1 kasi ian aai h KT KI kalati ikla ieli CEECEE EE INC HCAD 3 99 CURRENT ELEMENT 17 LI DEES ee how ahua me iala sa s st ca DE EEEE ETETEN j sss LI SAP VSS as ta e t amp t F t t t e f g amp 2 3 f f f 1BG MILS3 GRID A one to one reproduction of the copy produced by the Tektronix 4691 Color Graphics Copier demonstrates its clear graphics and vivid colors The ima
33. 1 Data Communications 4050 Option 10 RS 232 Printer Interface GPIB Hardware Support GPIB Application Support GPIB Programming Guide PLOT 50 Software 4050A01 Statistics Vol 1 User s 4050A02 Statistics Vol 2 User s 4050A03 Statistics Vol 3 User s 4050A04 Mathematics Vol 1 User s 4050A05 Mathematics Vol 2 User s 4050A06 Electrical Engineering Vol 1 User s 4050A07 Graph Plot User s 4050A08 General Utilities Vol 1 User s 4050A09 Business Planning and Analysis Vol 1 User s 4050A10 Statistics Vol 4 User s 4050A11 Business Planning and Analysis Vol 2 tape User s 4050A12 Business Planning and Analysis Vol 2 disk User s 4050A16 Presentation Aids Vol 1 tape User s 4050A17 MicroPERT tape User s 4050B01 Modeling and Reporting Svstem disk User s 4050B01 Modeling and Reporting System tape User s Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 070 1940 02 070 2056 01 070 2142 02 070 2058 01 070 2059 01 070 4383 00 070 4459 00 070 2065 00 070 2286 01 070 2988 00 070 2304 00 070 2829 01 070 2839 03 070 2840 03 070 2601 01 070 4384 00 070 2750 00 061 2224 00 070 4154 00 061 2222 00 070 3385 00 070 2289 00 070 2586 00 070 2987 00 070 2380 02 070 3833 00 070 2127 00 070 2171 00 070 2170 01 070 2557 00 070 2841 00 070 3415 00 070 3996 00 070 3995 00 070 3794 00 070 4248 00 070 43 16 00 070 43 15 00 070 2066 02 070 2908 00 070 2270 00 070 2307 00 070 3985 0
34. 5 User s 070 1649 00 4016 1 Operator s 070 2660 00 Data Communications 070 1458 00 Service 4006 1 070 1892 01 4010 4010 1 070 1183 02 4012 070 1461 01 4014 4015 lt BOSXXXX 070 1648 00 4014 4015 ZBOSXXXX 070 2303 00 4016 070 2661 00 Interface RS 232 070 2188 00 DEC PDP 11 KL 11 070 1354 00 Data General 070 1356 00 GPIB 070 2668 01 GPIB Reference Card Level 3 070 3463 00 HP2100 Series 070 1355 00 DEC PDP 11 DL 11 11 05 070 1592 00 DEC PDP 8 E 070 1451 00 2741 Correspondence Code 070 2280 00 Display Multiplexer 070 1992 00 Miscellaneous Programmable Keyboard 070 2487 00 Programmable Keyboard Card Level 3 070 3463 00 Symbol amp Character Generator 070 2487 00 Symbol amp Character Generator Card Level 3 070 3463 00 4020 Series Computer Display Terminals Standard 4025A Operator s 4025A Programmer s Reference 4025A Reference Card 4027A Operator s 4027A Programmer s Reference 4027A Reference Card Service 4025A Vol 1 4025A Vol 2 4027A Vol 1 4027A Vol 2 Interface Current Loop RS 232 070 4170 00 070 4172 00 070 4174 00 070 4171 00 070 4173 00 070 4175 00 070 4167 00 070 4168 00 070 4169 00 070 4176 00 070 2519 01 070 2520 01 GPIB Half Duplex Miscellaneous 4025A Character Set Expansion 4025A French Kevboard 4025A Swedish Kevboard 4025A Kevboard Graphics Input 4027A Character Set Expansion 4027A French Kevboard 4027A Swedish Keyboard Math Character ROM Instru
35. 6 gt C gt 36 AND i Ap l 1 C gt 5S AND 5 1 C396 AND 353 i C 963 babe I R E E E E E E E F E i 1 i i 1 i i Hunn BR Ha TATI ATA LEA LAL 38 aor Fi MB 7586 REN ADDITIONAL E RROR CHECKING OMITTED REM PRINT AN ERROR MESSAGE PEN REM CHECK SYNTAX OF ANY PASSWORD OR T ECITIER REM CODE FOR CHECKING LENGTH ETC OMITTED REM He CHARACTER MUST BE ALPHABETIC 2 151 El SEARCHGKE taza 17 IF Ei THEN 7 REM NOW CHECK FOR ML ala CHARALTERS Eis ETA eb GETS 2 IF E10 THEN d REM ADDITIONAL ERROR CHECKING OMITTED REM PRINT AN ERROR MESSAGE FRO 49 ABS CA KEO 10 R NEF FNACASINTCLOCP KC At1OT FP XO S ARS CA KEO 1LO F P is the number of digits to the right of the decimal not digit of precision For further clarification we ll take a look at these two functions plus some others Four functions have been defined each with two different values for determining the round off namely 0 49 and 0 50 digits are used just as 1 3 can t be repre sented exactly in decimal notation FNA A FINT JOTFX A 1 0E B 40 49 107P FNE A SINT JOTFXAHO 49 107P FNCCA INT CLOT RKCAFLOT FRKO 49 107R FNIMCAD INTCLOTPRKCATLO F RO 49 ABRS A KEO 10 R FNECA INTCLOTPRK A 1 0E 8 4 0 5 10 FR FNF CAY INTCLOCF KATO 5 107 FR FNGCA INTCLOTEKCATLOT FRO S I 107F FNHCAI INTCLOCPXKCATLOT PRO 5 ABS A KEO 10 F Because of the almost bu
36. 932 i LINK CABLE GPIB 4909 INSTRUMENT FILE 4909F02 MANAGER Various combinations provide optimum configuration flexibility 4050 SERIES 4909 DESKTOP FILE COMPUTER MANAGER 4909F02 LINK CABLE The 4909F02 installed in a 4909 hard disk connects it to the GPIB compatible 4050 system through the link cable and 4932 unit Multiple 4909F02s may be installed in a 4909 providing access for up to 10 remote users GPIB INSTRUMENT GPIB LINK CABLE LINK CABLE A tree configuration allows a 4050 system to control remote measuring and monitoring instruments and capture their results on the 4909 hard disk GPIB INSTRUMENT LINK CABLE GPIB INSTRUMENT LINK CABLE GPIB Extender pairs may be connected in a serial configuration to cover longer distances 18 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 i Editor s Note Back Issues and Reprints from TEKniques TEKniques is in its sixth year of publication Issues from the first three years Volumes 1 3 have all been distributed However most of the articles from those issues have been as sembled by application area and are available in the following reprints Engineering and Design AX 4449 MapDING chs da sek eel oa ace AX 4460 Data Acquisition and Analysis AX 4450 Business Graphing and Repor cnc ocean de toaed AX 4451 Peripherals and ROM Packs AX 4452 If you need an article from one of these previous volumes and don t have you
37. INT i GJEHTER ONE MORE POINT VIEWPORT 8 sapere 186 WINDOW 9 13 8 REM OBTAIN din TO COMPARE TO POLYGON POINTER Xpts Aes Retype UIEWPORT 8 138 8 188 8 WINDOW 8 130 8 108 MOVE 8 15 REM PRINT DATA ABOUT POLYGON PRINT THE PERIMETER IS SDISTANCECXarray Yarray PRINT THE AREA IS SAREACKarray Yarray gt CENTROID Yarray Yarray Xcenters center PRINT THE CENTROID IS ikcenterj S center Place INSIDE array Yarrays Xpt Yots A QUTSIDEONINS Places Oy atce laces 13 1O0 Place Z AssP SHCPlace O344k Place 2 2 SEG PRINT THE POINT IS FAS THE POLYGON EW USE THE JOYSTICK TO LOCATE THE VERTICES OF A POLYGON RESS F TO INDICATE THAT YOU ARE FINISHED THE POLYGON MUST BE HON INTERSECTING OR ELSE MUST FOLLOW THE RULES IN THE DOCUMENTATION ENTER OWE MORE POINT THE PERIMETER IS 13 8673737146 THE AREA IS 18 88484352 THE CENTROID IS 4 36333 aun 3 40360385211 THE POINT IS OUTSIDE THE POLYGON Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 SEARCH Similar parsimony can be obtained with the new SEARCH function for string operations SEARCH accepts as an argument a series of character pairs and returns the position of the first character in a string that falls with in the range of one of the pairs The follow ing example shows this in the context of a routine to validate 4909 file specifiers Such specifiers must begin with a letter and may contain only letters digits the dollar sign and the underscore On the
38. Kelley Dan Taylor John Ellis Rory Gugliotta Jean Bunker Copyright 1982 Tektronix Inc All rights reserved Publishing Manager Managing Editor Technical Editor Graphic Design Circulation Typesetting To submit articles to TEKniques or for in formation on reprinting articles write to the above address Changes of address should be sent to the IDD Library serving your area see Library addresses Architectural Firm Expands Without Adding Staff Familiar friendly powerful a natural fit Rollin Gardner expressed his pleasure for his recently acquired computer aided design and drafting system A commercial architectural firm Gardner Associates Architects Inc works with a range of projects from small office buildings of 3000 to 4000 square feet up to six story medi cal buildings Shopping centers and banks also form a large part of their portfolio As with many firms in the greater Houston area work for Gardner Associates is grow ing But it s tough for a four member firm to compete against larger firms for big projects With the volatility of construction as it is add ing more people for a project could mean lay ing them off at its completion I knew an increased workload was coming up so I chose to automate rather than expand my person nel explained Rollin Last December 1981 we researched several CADD systems We were looking for a system within a certain price range and
39. NUMBER 36 PRINT B 3125 Boe SUB INT B 2 Variables A B C and D are defined in the main program and then the subprogram is called with four formal parameters The vari able names A B C and D are then declared as local some processing occurs and the values of the formal parameters are printed Here is where LOCAL comes into play If a variable in a LOCAL list was previous ly defined this previously defined value is put onto the stack and the variable is set to undefined This explains the results of line 200 Formal parameter W matches a literal 1 in the CALL so it is passed by value and re mains defined despite the LOCAL statement Formal parameter X is flagged as equivalent to the current value of the variable B Thus when LOCAL is executed the current value becomes the value of the local variable B not the variable B in the main program Y and Z obtain values passed by reference As mentioned above the LOCAL statement causes the referenced values to be placed on the stack and the formal parameters become undefined Note that the original non local variables are not accessible from the time that the LOCAL statement is executed through the point where an END SUB is reached A convention to use __ as the last char acter in LOCAL variables e g A__ and never do that for non local variables would avoid confusing the two types 20 New Graphics Commands The following exampl
40. O XJ s FNII X l BA a as coed See TEKniques Vol 5 No 4 page 14 for the dis eat oe A E E E Da cussion of internal representation in the 4050 of ENL numeric data in a fuzzy integer Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 21 Let s take a look at the rounding results of these functions FNA E FNB F FNC G FND H NUMBER 30 55 POSITION 1 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 NUMBER i 0 55 FOSITION 1 O46 0 6 0 6 0 6 Q6 0 5 0 5 0 5 NUMBER 30 5 FOSITION 50 Q 0 0 o O i i i NUMBER 0 5 FOSITION 30 od i 1 i za Q 0 o NUMBER 155 FOSITION s 1 Q Q 0 o O Or a 0 10 NUMBER t 5 FOSITIQN 1 10 10 10 10 10 o o 0 NUMBER 130 FOSITION s 2 Q 0 Q 0 Q 0 Q 100 NUMBER 3 30 FOSITION f 2 100 100 100 100 400 0 0 Q NUMBER 11 551 FOSITION si 1 5 1 5 1 5 1 6 146 1 6 1 4 1 4 NUMBER 1 951 FOSITION si 146 le 1 6 1 6 ile 1 6 1 6 1 6 NUMBER 1 552 FOSITION 31 1 6 156 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 NUMBER 1 552 FOSITION si 146 1 6 1 66 1 6 146 1 6 1 6 1 6 NUMBER 30 5 FOSITION 38 04 49999999 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 49999999 0 5 0 35 0 5 Functions FNA FNE don t round on posi tive 0 55 but do round on negative 0 55 FNA doesn t give a true round on 1 551 here s that internal representation factor And for each function if the number should y have eight positions the result is complete ly in error FNB FNF don t round on positive 0 55 Howe
41. Series of Tektronix terminals enhanced your applications with low cost high quality graphics LOCAL PROGRAMMABILITY adds computing power allowing you to locally develop debug and run programs on the 4110A terminals All of the sophisticated graphics features of these raster scan and DVST terminals are directly accessible Mapping structural design circuit board lay out the very nature of interactive graphic applications dictates that much of the activity takes place at the user s workstation not within the host computer But ironically the workstation terminal must depend on the remote host to drive this activity Picture data must be transferred back and forth before being displayed consuming precious host processing time while introducing in evitable delays at the terminal for turn around And should the communications link fail the terminal loses all graphics ca pabilities It makes sense therefore to allow an intelligent terminal to process the graphics locally leaving the host free to use its power for number crunching data base manage ment or supporting more terminals The 4100 Series Local Programmability recently introduced by Tektronix distributes the processing by allowing the 4110A Series of Tektronix terminals to run applications programs locally Although these intelligent terminals by themselves were able to relieve the host of retransmitting entire sequences of graphic data or commands complete
42. UDUs to GDUs by Robert A Thomson University of Dayton Dayton OH In FEKniques Vol 6 No 1 Spring 1982 page 20 there is a Basic Bit titled Multiple MOVES DRAWS In One Line of Code There is an Editor s Note appended which points out that this only works with graphic display units I ran into the problem when using our Tektronix 4052 to drive a Nicolet Zeta pen plotter My solution was to write two subroutines which convert X and Y co ordinates in user data units to GDUs These subroutines are 24 S9 YU2 VYLid CW2 W1 Xm X WI XS9H4HVi 9QT V4 V3 W4 W3 Y CY WS3 KS9 VUS where V1 V4 are the viewport parameters and where W1 W4 are the window parame ters in user data units A loop can be used to convert an array of data to GDUs using these subroutines and then Professor Yager s PRINT statements will work properly LD Editor s Note Keep in mind that no clipping oc curs if the GDUs are outside the window Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Sy IDD Applications Library Programs Ordering 4050 Series The 4050 Series programs included in the Applications Library prior to September 1981 are packaged and nomenclated by function Those pro grams accepted into the Library after September 1981 are packaged and nomenclated with the Volume and Number of the corresponding issue of TEKniques in which the package was announced Each package includes the source code on tape or disk T tape D
43. V 2 V 1 4W 1 DEF FNE V 7 VX V 3 X W 4 1 W 3 V0 4 V0 3 4W 3 REM REM Xxx FNC X converts X co ordinate UUs to GOUS REM XxX FNE lt Y coriserts Y co ordinate UUs to GDUs REM DEF FNC X e X W 1 X V 2 V 1 2 W 22 WE L1 4V 1 DEF FNICV 5 TX WC 3 X V 42 V 3 W 4 W 3 4V 3 REM REM XXXXXXX DEFAULT CHARACTER SIZE INTO UDUs REM XXXXXXX see Tektronix Flot 50 Manual REM XXXXXXX ma l 52 for default character sizes REM FRINT CHARACTERS ARE FNAC1 55 5 BY SENB 1 88 23 GDUs UDUs Relative UDUs and You by Duke Ganote Institut fuer Klinische Pharmakologie Bobenheim am Berg FR Germany To summarize and extend Herman D Hondt s suggestion for Drawing from Data Arrays and David Yager s Multiple MOVES DRAWS In One Line of Code both in TEKniques Spring 82 Vol 6 No 1 note that secondary addresses 20 and 21 will work for all of the following statements GUS UTjs relative UUs FRINT B32sZ1X9V DRAW MOVE BI2sZIX NV RURAW KRMOVE 329Z3XrY In all cases X and X can be one dimensional arrays with Z 20 or Z 21 The follow ing program illustrates this bv drawing a square three times in the same position us ing different statements each time INIT NEL SeXvyY NIM SCS eXCS VCS TATA 21720720720720 DATA 6097070740760 VATA 45745 5555 r45 RESTORE 130 REAL SeXvr REM XXXRKKKKKK GOUS FOR I 1 TO 5 FRINT 32 S T iX L xYCT NEXT I i REM XOROK UTS
44. VOL 6 NO 4 THE IDD APPLICATIONS NEWSLETTER WINTER 1982 Ye 3 ji j e u IS e ih bi sha ole added COMMITTED TO EXCELLENCE Tek niques In This Issue Architectural Firm Expands Without Adding Staff 2 Solution Vendor Program Product Design Engineering and Manufacturing Data Representation Architecture Facilities Q PF Bringing Computers into the Chemistrv Lab at SUNX at Cobleskill Inspires Students and Faculty 6 4110 Local Programmabilitv Brings Distributed Processing to Graphics Applications 10 4052 Helps Reveal Secrets of Antarctica Data 12 PLOT 50 2 D Drafting New Release Offers Increased Performance for Automated Drafting 14 PLOT 50 Software Supports 4909 Hard Disk New 4907 ROM Pack Enhances and Adds Commands 15 Input Output 15 Crisp Images Vibrant Colors Distinguish New Color Copier 16 Tektronix GPIB Extender Stretches the Data Link Editor s Note 4050 Series Graphic Systems Workshops Scheduled 19 Programming Tips 20 Basic Bits New Abstracts Program Updates 29 IDD Graphic Displays and Computing System Publications 30 Library Addresses TEKniques the IDD Applications News letter is published in the Information Display Division of Tektronix Inc Group 451 P O Box 500 Beaverton Oregon 97077 It is distributed to TEKTRONIX computer and terminal users Ken Cramer Patricia
45. a acquisition and analysis Computers of course were the solution But which system and how In a small college which has a very limited budget the money has hardly been adequate to purchase tradi tional equipment and supplies let alone ex pensive new equipment An informal study begun in 1977 resolved these questions with the first delivery of Tektronix 4050 Graphics Systems in 1980 At the Agricultural and Technical College at Cobleskill the Chemistry Laboratory pro gram equips future science technicians for the working world or prepares them for fur ther degree work The students come from a variety of technical curriculums available at this accredited two year college of the State University of New York Training stu Walton A Brown President SUNY at Cobleskill The social impact of the computer be came increasingly apparent during the de cade of the seventies To respond con structively to the resultant changes in our society colleges are improving quality and efficiency by adopting computer re sources and techniques to instruction One such application is that of adopting the Tektronix graphics computing systems to instruction in chemistry Specific tech niques and software were developed at this college over the past five years Stu dents now experience computerized in strumentation as a complete data acqui sition and processing system The appli cation of what they learn to rea
46. am 6 of this tape The processing time is one minute Program 8 Title Newton Integration and Plot owe Author J E Jobaris U S Postal Service San Bruno CA Memory Requirement 16K Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 256 This program uses the Newton sometimes called the Newton Rhapson method to solve an equation of two variables for which no direct or easy solution is available The Newton method iterates the following equation Xn 1 Xn F X F Xna1 n 0 1 until the term F X F X 1 has no effect on the last decimal place of accuracy as specified by the user An optional plot can be produced within the range of the independent variable as input by the user The plot of the function can be produced with or without the root of the equation The plot with the solution uses dashed lines whose intersection represents a root Because the Newton method calculates only one root the intersection of the horizontal dashed line and the function plot indicates other solution points The equation its first derivative and the value of the equation at which a solution is required are entered at specified lines in the program Program 9 Title Bauer Reinsch Inversion Author Roger P Denlinger USGS Lakewood CO Memory Requirement 16K Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 56 A modification of the Gauss Jordan algorithm solves the linear problem _ AX b where A is a positive definite symmetric matrix
47. an form an off color of black Flexible Format Image size and format often need to be tailored to the task being performed on the graphics display The 4691 makes images in B or A size with the choice of landscape or portrait format B size is often used for the most complex drawings with landscape orien tation for the largest image size showing as much detail as can be portrayed on a large screen For example geometric modeling dis plays are often copied and analyzed in the large size A 4691 B size copy of a wire frame model say of an automobile in landscape format would provide the design team a hard copy for scrutiny showing all the model s details A size is often used for reports Here por trait orientation would provide easy reading in a notebook The color reproduction of the final design or graph copied in A size in a portrait format could be inserted into the engineering or management report 16 Easy Operation Relinquishing copy control to the program frees the operator for other tasks Up to 50 copies of an image may be selected with a single command Landscape and portrait im age formats are also selectable under pro gram control And a status command in a program can detect ink or paper supplies and the state of the copier whether it s busy for example Paper handling by the 4691 is automatic with 50 cut sheets in the chosen size vacuum picked from the paper tray and automatical
48. ap to alignment global editing multiple component door window outlet etc inser tion noodling curve fitting dimensioning are just a few of the special functions and features found in TOUCH N DRAW Final drawings may be previewed on the screen and drawing output produced on ac curate plotters at any scale to produce com plete working drawings for reproduction on a blueprint machine Original quality draw ings are readily available and recreated Utility programs take the drudgery out of using computer equipment by copying draw ings from disk to disk transferring data bases and so on The Tektronix 4054 Desktop Computer forms the core of the hardware Coupled to the 4054 is the unique Arrigoni Touch Control Station the Tektronix 4907 File Manager and 4663 Plotter and a digitizing tablet with a Menu Board Combined with the hard ware the TOUCH N DRAW software and the complete architectural interiors symbol library create a complete design and draw ing production system A unique feature of the Arrigoni Computer Graphics TOUCH N DRAW system is the excellent user interface The designer auto loads a tape and the program prompts for input Drawing command selection is done through the Touch Control Station or Menu Board in familiar architects terms and sym bols using pre prepared graphic menus Drawing input mode is flexible either graph ically or numerically or both All prompts and ques
49. ces of default parameters for the CALL FORMAT or CALL FFRMT functions simplify these commands FORMAT CALL ppRMT The new ROM pack provides a default mas ter password of null if it isn t specified Since the volume number and number of volumes must always be 1 1 on a 4907 these are automatically supplied in the default com mand versions Directory block allocation parameters chains will default to 10 10 1 1 1 This allocates ample directory space for first and second level libraries and sufficient space for less common lower level libraries Three error handling commands facilitate pro gram operation CALL ONERR transfers control to a user written routine when a File Manager error occurs This circumvents the normal procedure of halting the program and displaying the error message when a File unit number volume name owner name password volume volumes chains DEFAULTED Or FORMAT CALL FFRMT unit number volume name owner name password volume volumes chains DEFAULTED Manager error occurs This command would prove useful in checking to see if a peripheral was connected if a disk was inserted in a drive or if other similar operator responsibilities were carried out As part of the user s error handling subrou tine anew command CALL DSKERR can be included to retrieve the error code and message storing it in a target string variab
50. ction Rulings Character ROM Instruction United Kingdom Keyboard 070 2521 01 070 4224 00 070 2523 01 070 4226 00 070 4227 00 070 4501 00 070 3430 01 070 4228 00 070 4225 00 070 2525 01 070 2524 01 070 2943 01 4110 Series Computer Graphics Terminals Standard 4112 Operator s 4112 Host Programmer s 4112 Intro Brochure 4113 Operator s 4113 Host Programmer s 4113 Intro Brochure 4114 Operator s 4114 Host Programmer s 4114 Intro Brochure 4110 Command Reference Service 4112 Vol 1 4112 Vol 2 4113 Vol 1 4113 Vol 2 4113 Display Low Voltage Power Supply 4114 Vol 1 4114 Vol 2 4114 Color Enhanced Refresh Opt 30 Desk Configuration 3 PPI Flexible Disk Options 3 PPI Installation Instruction Graphics Tablet Instruction Flexible Disk Instruction 4113F12 External Video Instruc PLOT 10 Software 4010A01 Terminal Control System Installation Guide Verification User s Systems User s Reference Card 4010A02 Advanced Graphing II Installation Guide User s Reference Reference Guide 4010A03 Interactive Graphing Package Installation Guide User s Reference Card 070 3683 00 061 2565 00 070 3682 00 070 4222 00 061 2616 00 070 4221 00 070 3673 00 061 2564 00 070 3672 00 061 2566 02 070 3817 00 070 3819 00 061 2617 00 061 2618 00 070 4275 00 070 3732 00 070 3820 00 070 38 18 00 061 2511 00 070 4264 00 070 3815 00 070 3812 00 070 4203 00 070
51. e interfaced with the Datagram Concentrator The instrumentation configuration located in either of the two analytical laboratories includes a 4051 system a plotter and a Trans Era A D converter with a real time clock This configuration can be interfaced with a variety of instruments used by students in the analytical courses Hardware and Software Applications The Tektronix PLOT 50 System Software Tu torial has proven to be an excellent hands on learning experience for students No prior computer experience is required With good training conditions students become quite adept in working with the 4051 and in learn ing fundamental BASIC statements and graphics commands unique to the system As the semester progresses students are gradual Eight 4051 Graphics Systems in close proximity to the general chemistry laboratory provide science technician students with relevant training In the analytical laboratory the 4051 system can be interfaced with a variety of instruments using the TransEra A D converter ly introduced into the use of the peripheral devices Software has been developed by the faculty for some of the laboratory experiments used in the general chemistry courses A typical program will verify the pre lab assignment request student input of experimental data and require student experimental data anal yses A package of modules for a semester in a course can usually be contained on
52. e enhancements in this release Your local Tektronix Sales Engineer can pro vide you with more information on auto mating with PLOT 50 2 D Drafting Jay 1 TEKniques Vol 6 No 3 outlined the capa bilities of the Tektronix Extended Memory File Manager 2 TEKniques Vol 6 No 3 described this stand alone two dimensional drafting system for electrical mechanical and other engineering disciplines 3 See the accompanying article PLOT 50 Software Supports 4909 Hard Disk in this issue PLOT 50 Software Supports 4909 Hard Disk The success of Tektronix PLOT 50 2 D Draft ing Interactive Digitizing and Picture Com position application packages in stream lining and speeding drafting mapping and drawing tasks causes a natural increase in users or data or both To accommodate this growth Tektronix has expanded these PLOT 50 software packages to offer users the ad vantages of the Tektronix 4909 Multi User File Manager Full support of the 4909 hard disk unit by these packages permits up to 10 simultaneous users and the 4909 s capacity up to 768 megabytes provides the large local storage re quired for the data intensive applications By sharing a 4909 unit users achieve more value per byte of storage and solve tHe transpor tation problem for those who rely on the same data The large capacity gives the user one or many a single source for storage Program files and data can be stored and loaded quickly and
53. e illustrates many of the new graphics commands in a typical ap plication The DO loop obtains a series of vertices via graphic input checking the string variables as an exit criteria The outline of the object is displayed and the new HATCH routines crosshatch the object One additional point is entered and several characteristics of the polygon are calculated using the new commands To assess the value of the new commands check the correspond ing software algorithms that have been pub lished in TEKniques For instance the three line HATCH routine replaces the 44 lines of code published in TE Kniques Vol 3 No 1 The one line AREA function replaces 17 lines of code in TEKniques Vol 5 No 3 INIT SET etree B PAGE MOVE 8 95 sYarray 100 PRINT GUSE THE JOYSTICK TO LOCATE THE VERTICES OF A S PRINT POLYGON PRESS F TO PRINT ane S ATE THAT YOU ARE E FINISHED THE POLYGON 3 ae MUS T BE NON INTERSECT IHG PR OR ELSE LLOW THE RULES IN THE 3 PRINT DOCUNENTAT ION GIN pt UIEWPDRT Bs 138 20 86 WINDOW 8 13 90 6 FOR Is8 TO 13 AXIS BOI I 2 NEXT I B Ns8 REN OBTAIN VERTICES OF POLYGON DO H N 1 POINTER torraste Varray tno 2 e IF 2 F OR Z e fg RER DISPLAY AND CROSSHATCH POLYGOH DIM XarraytN Yarray lt n 58 MOVE Xarray H s Yarray Ns DRAW Xarrau Yarray FOR Is8 TO 96 STEP 38 HATCH sean 4541 ATCH SPA Ma la Para VARA NEX UTEMPORT 8 130 8 108 WINDOW 8 138 0 108 MOVE Vpt PR
54. ent pen colors M Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 4050 Series Program Updates Fox Package Program File 062 6443 01 TEKniques Vol 6 No 1 TI Program 1 4907 to 4909 File Transfer and Conversion Utility Documentation The source code for this program was up dated prior to its release in the TEKniques tape Unfortunately the old instructions were included in the documentation package Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Those of you who have received this tape and require the updated 4907 to 4909 File Trans fer instructions please call 503 685 3618 or write to the address noted on page 2 to receive a new set The current set will carry the date of November 1982 to identify it from the outdated set which carries a date of February 1982 29 IDD Graphic Displays and Computing System Publications The following is a summary of all current manuals related to IDD products The manuals may be ordered through the Tektronix Central Parts Ordering office serv ing your area See page 25 for the map and numbers Key to Titles Operator s operation instructions for hardware product Service maintenance information Instruction operation and maintenance combined User s operation instructions for software product Reference programmable features 4010 Series Computer Display Terminals Standard 4006 1 User s 070 1891 00 4010 4010 1 070 1225 00 4012 User s 070 1460 00 4014 User s 070 1647 00 401
55. er comes in two forms the 4909F02 Exten der unit especially designed for the Tektronix 4909 Multi User Management System and the 4932 Extender a self powered unit com patible with any standard GPIB interface The units are always used in pairs a 4909F02 and a 4932 or two 4932 Extenders The 4909F02 plugs directly into the 4909 system bus whereas the 4932 directly connects with an instrument s GPIB interface Both require a coaxial link cable connection to a remote 4932 The cable can be any length up to 500 meters and several units may be linked together for increased distances However the benefit gained from chaining is at the ex pense of reduced data transfer rates For more information on how the GPIB Ex tender can increase the versatility and cost ef fectiveness of your application contact your local Tektronix Sales Engineer The 4909F02 GPIB Extender plugs directly into the Tektronix 4909 hard disk system bus and connects with a 4932 Extender through the coaxial link cable extending GPIB data transmission over distances of 1650 feet to a 4050 System at the remote end Two GPIB compatible instruments at widely separated sites may communicate through two 4932 GPIB Extenders GPIB GPIB INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT LINK CABLE A 4050 system can communicate with a measur ing unit or other GPIB devices over distances of up to 500 meters GPIB GPIB INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT GPIB GPIB 4932 4932 4
56. eries Graphic Computing Systems Standard Operator s Reference Reference Guide Intro to Programming in BASIC Intro to Graphic Programming 4052A 54A Programmer s Reference Firmware Instruction Sheet 5 1 amp 1 1 Service 4051 Vol 1 Service Vol 2 Service 067 0962 00 ROM Pack Instruction 067 0746 00 Test Fixture Instruction 4052 54 incl A enhancements 4052 Parts and Schematics 4054 Parts and Schematics 4052 54 Technical Data 4054 Dynamic Graphics Service 4052 54 Extended Memory Service 4052 54 067 0900 01 Diagnostic ROM Pack Instruction 4052 54 067 0902 00 System Test Fixture Instruction 4052 54 067 0942 00 Personality Board Instruction 4054 Dynamic Graphics 067 0943 00 Personality Board Instruction 067 0969 00 Tape Head Alignment Module Instruction Options _ 4054 Dynamic Graphics Operator s Reference Guide 4052F02 4 slot ROM Instruction 4052 54 Extended Memory Incl in 4907 Operator s ROM Pack 4050E01 ROM Expander Instruction 4051RO1 Matrix Function Instruction 4051RO5 Binary Program Loader Operator s 4050R06 Editor Operator s 4050R07 Signal Processing Instruction 4050R08 Signal Processing FFT Instruc 4050R09 Real Time Clock Instruction 4050R10 4909 Instruction 4050R10 4909 Reference Guide 4052R11 Character and Symbol Instruct 4052R11 Character and Symbol Guide 4050R14 GPIB Enhancement Instruction 4050R14 GPIB Enhancement Guide Interface 4050 Option
57. ge was copied from a 4113A graphics display Tektronix GPIB Extender Stretches the Data Link by Gordon Gunderson Tektronix Inc Wilsonville OR Permitting GPIB communication over dis tances of 1650 feet 500 meters the new Tek tronix GPIB Extender puts the power of the 4909 Multi User File Management System in the hands of remote users Tektronix 2 D Drafting System users for example can em ploy the GPIB Extender to share a data base on the 4909 hard disk even though their de sign stations reside in different rooms or even different buildings Tektronix GPIB test in struments linked as customized automated test packages at detached locations through a 4050 acting as a Controller could also share a 4909 s storage capacity through the Extender But the GPIB Extender is not limited to the 4909 hard disk unit It is compatible with any standard GPIB interface Any workable local only GPIB configuration may substitute the extenders in a portion of the configuration that may need to be remote For example a Tektronix 4663 Plotter could be accessed through GPIB Extenders by users of a 4050 Desktop Computer at a distant location Or a central controller such as the 4050 system could control GPIB compatible instruments at a separate site Using a GPIB Extender is easy The Extender handles all interfacing details rendering its operation completely transparent to the user To achieve this versatility the GPIB Exten d
58. he 4907 by Les Rohssler American Forest Products Martell CA After a random data file is CREATEd on the 4907 each record must be initialized by writ ing or printing data such as a blank charac ter string or a numeric zero into each record This can require a significant amount of time if a program creates and initializes many files especially if files are lengthy example 1 100 LIST esi 110 CALL TIMESX O 120 PRINT B515 JJSTART FILE INIT 3 130 CREATE INITFILE SYS 3175710 140 OPEN INITFILE SYS 1y F VAS 150 FOR I i TO 175 160 WRITE 17170 170 NEXT 1 180 CLOSE 190 CALL TTIME sX 200 FRINT 51i JJ END FILE INIT x If manv of the files created are the same length with the same record length a faster method can be used Write one file onto disk for permanent storage as a master initializa tion file Whenever the program needs a new random data file it need only COPY this master initialization file to a new file with the desired file identifier example 2 l 100 LIST 513 _110 CALL TIME X 120 PRINT S23 4ISTART FILE COFY 5 X 130 COFV WINITFILE SYS 0 TO Q0ATAFILE TAT sO 140 CALL TIME X 150 FRINT BS1iS JJ END FILE COPY 35X 160 END NOT Operator Requires Parentheses on 4051 The 4051 requires parentheses around the NOT operator in complex numeric expres sions The examples illustrate the effects The expression keyed in without parentheses 120 il ixbrnixno
59. he following map delineates the geographical regions and the toll free number serving each region 800 854 7560 800 432 3461 800 432 7150 Irvine 714 556 1513 Call the number serving your area and give the customer service represen tative the nine digit part number and name of the Applications Library program you wish If you have any questions call your local Tektronix Field Office Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 29 included in the documentation Documentation may be purchased separately The 4050 Series Applications Library Programs catalog contains the abstracts describing the programs in each package along with represen tative output in most cases The catalog part number is 062 6343 00 Documentation Package Package Title Part Part Programming Aids T2 062 5972 00 062 5972 01 Project Aids TI 062 5985 00 062 5985 01 Project Aids DI 062 5986 00 062 5986 01 Recreational Plots TI 062 5989 00 062 5989 01 Slidemaker TI 00 00 062 5962 00 062 5962 01 Slidemaker DI 062 5963 00 062 5963 01 Text Processing TI 062 5969 00 062 5969 01 Text Processing DI 062 5970 00 062 5970 01 Utilities TI notin taba i a 062 5974 00 062 5974 01 Utilities DI 062 5975 00 062 5975 01 Tekniques Vol 5 No 4T1 062 5981 00 062 5981 01 Tekniques Vol 6 No 1T1 062 6443 00 062 6443
60. ine the pen coordinates on the 4662 are GINned and the 4051 cursor is moved to those coordinates where a flashing arrow head is displayed This loop is repeated al lowing the 4051 to mimic the movement of the 4662 pen until an SRQ is issued from the 4662 lt CALL gt key The SRQ command on line 280 transfers control to line 360 which POLLs the 4662 Line 370 resets the SRQ on the bus Line 380 prints an arrowhead at the point chosen Line 400 returns control back to the point at which the interrupt occurred The loop is now broken because the condi tion Q lt gt 1 is valid The two main keys to this program are the mimicking of the 4662 by the 4051 and the forced SRQ that terminates the mimicking routine LD 100 INIT 110 PAGE 120 VIEWPORT 30 100 30 70 130 AXIS 0 0 140 AXIS 0 0 130 100 150 INIT 140 PRI _USE JOY STICK ON seven PLOTTER TO MOVE ARROW AND THEN HIT 466 170 PRINT 2 lt CALL gt I_I_KEY TO ENTER THE POINT 180 PRINT find upper Fight corner ear el 100 70 I_J EY 210 PRINT find Toler Tore corner coordinates actual 30 30 220 GOSUB 250 240 END 250 REM POINTER SUBROUTINE 259 REM SET GRAPHIC FONT D PLOTTER PRIMARY ADDRESS 260 D 2 270 PRINT 932 18 5 280 ON SR THEN 340 300 Z 1 310 GIN 2D X V 320 IF Z lt gt 1 THEN 400 330 MOVE X Y 340 PRINT 932 24 i 3 3 370 INPUT D esi ku Y Z 380 PRINT 332 390 RETURN 400 REM SET US FONT 410 PRINT 932 18 0 420 RETURN Convert
61. information on the screen of the ter minal it needs to be seen by others Thus to achieve the full benefit of color there is as much need for color graphics on paper as on the display Answering the need for accurate economi cal timesaving copies is the new Tektronix 4691 Color Graphics Copier High image quality and vivid color at a low cost per copy are its trademarks The 4691 yields copies in B A3 as well as A A4 size And it s easy to operate Color Copies Any application where color is essential will find the 4691 Color Graphics Copier a valu able tool Designers of integrated circuits or printed circuit boards can copy their displays without losing the detail depicted by color Layers of different material overlapping areas errors and mechanically conflicting areas all distinctly portrayed in color on the graphics terminal can be readily duplicated on the 4691 Color copies from three dimensional solid object or stress pattern modeling on the graphics terminal can go into the mechanical engineer s report Architects can hand their clients a realistic color image of their designs Piping and wiring circuits within a building designated by different colors can be hard copied for further analysis away from the graphics terminal Drawing attention to key points or simply providing an aesthetic picture color is in herent in effective presentations The 4691 can reproduce charts and graphs for manage me
62. inter Files 4 ASCII Programs Statements 319 This is a simple but quick program to track approximately 465 11 digit including hyphens i e 670 4289 01 part numbers to control the inventory Each item is stored and listed by PART MODEL DESCRIPTION and LOCATION The entire inventory can be sorted or listed by any of these Five functions included are Add Alter Locate List Sort Program 16 Title Flowcharter II Author Richard G Meitzler USN San Francisco CA Memory Requirement 32K Files 5 ASCII Programs Statements 1168 This program will flowchart any 4050 BASIC program stored in ASCII The first pass of the program builds a branch table a FOR TO table and a NEXT table The second pass matches the FOR NEXT statements in the two tables The third pass draws the actual flowchart using standard ANSI symbols The page number starting and finishing line numbers are printed at the bottom of each page 28 The user may store the program being analyzed and the results of the first two passes on tape Program limitations 500 branches 200 FOR statements 200 NEXT statements Program limitations Output to screen Program 17 Title Friendly Graphing Author Paul Howard Tektronix Inc Wilsonville OR Memory Requirement 4052 54 56K Peripherals Optional 4662 63 Plotter 4641 43 Printer Files 1 ASCII Program 1 Binary Program 1 ASCII Text Requires Dedicated Tape Statements 1767 Friendly graphi
63. ith an underscore __LIST __DISTANCE A second caution applies to the use of the three arithmetic operators MIN MAX and MOD In 4050 BASIC one could enter a line such as 100 A BMIN3 without spaces and it would be parsed to mean that A receives the lesser of the two values B or 3 In the A series BASIC this line assigns A the value of the variable BMIN3 In short these three operators should always be delimited by spaces to avoid ambiguity This also applies to AND and OR Concluding Subprograms The subprogram structure allows the use of named subprograms that actually pass argu ments A subprogram begins with a SUB statement and concludes with END SUB Don t try to use RETURN If you do you will leave the subprogram but your destin ation will not be the line after the CALL statement Instead control is transferred either to immediate mode or to the line after a GOSUB if one is on the stack Subprogram Argument Passing Before using subprograms review the rules on passing by reference and by value as these require some thought when combined with the LOCAL statement Example 1 il lustrates the considerations INIT DATA 152 354 READ B C D PRINT ABCD CALL displayi i B CD SUB _displayiW X Y Z LOCAL ABCD B Bt5 PRINT Weds Ys 2 END SUB Dee Toooeodoeeq m i 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 i i 2 2 AQ eC 8 OO0O 0UORFrUN O Z 3 125 UNDEFINED VARIABLE IN LINE 2806 MESSAGE
64. ix office The Arrigoni package included one week of training in Gardner Associates office by an Arrigoni field specialist He is also an Architect Usable output on a limited scale came with in a short time and has increased steadily The limitations of the system are found primarily in the user not the hardware or software commented Rollin TOUCH N DRAW has met all of my ex pectations Although he has no exact figures eliminating the repetitive drafting work and the ability to make changes easily has saved Rollin and his staff many hours in just the short time they ve had the system Every project has some of the same details and once these are drawn with the Arrigoni system they will never have to be drawn again As time goes on I expect to pick up large amounts of time by carrying these re petitive details from project to project Right now Rollin and his staff are remodel ing and adding to a bank Any time additions are made as well as remodeling done the job quickly becomes messy with lots of erasures With TOUCH N DRAW they were able to Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 B put the existing bank drawings into the data base and proceed from there The changes have been easily made As they have become more familiar with the system the Gardner Associates staff feel that a hard disk instead of floppies would be prof itable for speed and increased storage They
65. k Based on 4050 Series A textbook designed for draftspersons who have studied various specialty areas of draft ing and have studied BASIC computer lan guage has recently been published by Prentice Hall Written by Norman Neundorf profes sor of computer aided drafting at San An tonio College the one semester course text book is based on the Tektronix 4050 System including the Tektronix 4662 Plotter and 4642 Line Printer The lessons and programs have been designed for the learning teaching situa tion with many types of drawings presented rather than emphasizing only one type of drawing such as descriptive geometry Accord ing to Professor Neundorf the idea is to pre sent many types of drawings because the drafting technology graduate may accept a position in many types of industries The pro grams are designed for the student s under standing rather than sophistication or produc tion types of programs The book was pro duced using the Tektronix 4050 Graphics System Computer Aided Drawing Using the Tektronix Graphic System is an 812 x 11 soft cover book and may be ordered through Order Dept Prentice Hall Inc Englewood Cliffs N J 07632 Pricing information is available by writing to the above or calling area code 201 592 extensions 5049 through 5053 e g 201 592 5051 m 4050 Series Graphic Systems Workshops Scheduled The 4050 Series Graphic Computing Systems workshops are designed to help
66. l life lab oratories is readily apparent to them and to their employers The program of instruction developed by Professor Nunes has resulted in e More efficient use of faculty time e Improved student motivation e Establishment of more mean ingful relationships between background courses such as Calculus and Statistics and laboratory applications in chemistry e The ability in every student to program laboratory work in BASIC This article describes a significant devel opment in science education and partic ularly in the preparation of industrial and research laboratory technicians Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 or nan dents in relevant occupational skills for job placement competitive salaries job advance ment or for advanced studies is critical and the current Laboratory Computer Training Program in Chemistry is doing the job Twelve 4051 systems and a variety of peri pherals give students hands on computer experience in a laboratory setting Comput erized pre lab assignments have freed the in structors for more individual student assis tance and surprisingly have effected more actual lab time for students who desire it A significant reaction has been the number of students who indicated that they now under stand how pure math learned in other courses applied to their science courses Wet bench work for computer related experi ments is done more caref
67. le for further processing CALL OFFERR turns off the special File Manager error handling set with ONERR and returns error handling back to the nor mal File Manager routine i e halting the program and displaying the error message Although designed to handle the added fea tures of the 4052A and 4054A Series com puters the new 4907 File Manager ROM pack can also benefit 4052 54 4907 users An existing ROM pack may be upgraded through a kit part number 040 1091 00 The new ROM pack is orderable by part number 020 0279 01 Both of these may be obtained by calling Central Parts Ordering See page 25 in this issue of TEKniques for the tele phone number serving your area David Walcutt Propagation amp Frequency Management Specialist with Radio Free Europe in New York has three questions 1 Is there an equivalent of SET NOKEY that would disable the BREAK key during critical periods of program execution 2 How do you establish multiple data files within a program using DATA state ments so that only the specific data file can be called Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 3 Why is the length of the STRing of a number one plus the length of the origi nal number For instance the LENgth of STR 400 is four while the LENgth of STR 400 is five Steve Duncan Technical Support Specialist provided the answers 1 The BREAK key is a very high priority interrupt in the 4050 Series and cannot be masked by any syste
68. m operation 2 Data statements may be implicity se lected by using a line number with the RESTORE command For example Thus data statements do not have to be read in sequence and the array can be treated as a data file Or perhaps you wish X array to contain the num bers of tape data files on which you are working In this case you could 15 loop through the array by FIND X I and perform the operation on the desired data file 3 The 4050 Svstem automaticallv inserts a space before a number to separate values for readabilitv For example if you were to print the above array i e PRINT X the result is 123457 not 12345 7 It is the STR function that supplies the separating space Crisp Images Vibrant Colors Distinguish New Color Copier The transition from monochrome to color in computer graphics is as natural as the tran sition from alphanumerics to graphics Color on the screen of a computer graphics display communicates more information more quick ly and more effectively It is only logical therefore that color graphics terminals are rapidly entering a variety of areas from busi ness management and technical data analysis to cartography and computer aided design But high resolution color graphics are of limited use if they can t be taken off the screen and put into the hands of colleagues or published in reports Information shar ing is a key factor in any application and to share
69. ng allows a 4052 54 user to easily create modify save copy or draw graphs Defaults automatic tape marking and graph directory maintenance mean a user needs minimal 4052 54 experience Similar to Data Graphing Graphing T3 062 5966 01 Friendly Graphing adds some features Four Graphs may be plotted on one page with up to six curves and 52 events per graph In addition to the normal curve display types a triline triangle with dot has been added for point plotting Data sources include those specified in Data Graphing plus running average moving average difference of two previous curves and of two previous curves Enhancing the graph design choices of Data Graphing are a zoom on events and or curves and a grid on both axes Three labels with one designated as free placed anywhere on the graph annotate the graph A right Y axis aids in comprehension Editing has been expanded to insert data at any point delete an event from all curves and add a new curve in any sequence Utility functions maintain the tape files Curves or graphs may be saved and recalled from tape up to 30 per tape A new Friendly Graphing tape may be automatically produced And graphs stored on a Friendly Graphing tape may be transferred to another Friendly Graphing tape facilitating data base exchange The Graph Curve Directory is automatically maintained For those users with the 4662 Option 31 8 pen Plotter Friendly Graphing provides for differ
70. now with an ultraviolet sensitive lacquer or make a printing foil of it Store the drawing on tape Retrieve the drawing delete and add as you need make a new plot and store again A program for listing coordinates of all the holes on a printer or on a paper tape punch on request Data output for a light plotter direct to plotter to paper tape or to tape on request Program 4 Title Pipe Construction Memory Requirement 16K Peripherals Optional 4662 3 Plotter Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 290 This program illustrates the use of graphics in a mechanical engineering or construction area The program calculates and makes a scale drawing of two pipes connected together at any angle between 0 to 45 giving inside and outside dimen sions wall thickness and bell diameter Required inputs are pipe diameter pipe lengths and bend angle Measurements returned are in standard form i e wall thickness is the standard size for the pipe diameter This program will draw on the 4050 screen or the plotter This particular program is used in a pipe prefabrication plant and gives the designer a graphic representation of the final product as well as sup plying him with all measurements in standard pipe sizes Program 5 Title Moment of Inertia Optimization Authors Khiem Ho George I Tzitzikalakis Columbia University New York NY Memory Requirement 32K Peripherals Optional 4662 3 Plotter Files 1 ASCII Program Statement
71. nt reports preserving the colors used on the original display Quality Copies Crisp clear graphics and smooth uniform colors distinguish the copies of the 4691 Color Graphics Copier The excellent image pro duced by the 4691 is the result of its resolu tion and its color quality When people speak of resolution they are commonly referring to the total dot capability or addressabili ty of the device the accuracy of the dots and lines it produces and the resultant ability to accurately reproduce fine patterns The 4691 Color Copier has the highest ad dressability that is more total dot capa bility of any color copier available today The 4691 places 150 dots per inch in both horizontal and vertical directions This gives the potential for a B size image to have over 2400 by 1500 dots High addressability and accuracy in dot place ments allow the 4691 to faithfully reproduce fine screen patterns thus simulating color shading as an extension of the basic eight colors These excellent image characteristics are pro duced by the 4691 s exclusive implementation of on demand ink jet technology The true bright colors and superb color saturation of the 4691 are the result of a special match of ink and paper Inside the 4691 droplets from the three primaries yellow magenta and cyan mix to form red green and blue True black is supplied from a black ink cartridge rather than from a mixture of primaries that c
72. one or two tapes Because the students may use the tapes other than at scheduled lab sessions often they will verify their pre lab assignment prior to their scheduled lab thus providing themselves with more time for wet bench work for data analysis for repeating part or all of the ex periment and for lab report completion All of the laboratory software modules have been student tested and work well Programs developed for the experiments include the atomic spectrum of hydrogen geometrical structure of molecules vapor pressure and heat of vaporization of liquids determina tion of the equilibrium constant for a chem ical reaction and many others The Simple Regressions program from the Tektronix Sta tistics Library is accessed by several of the programs for analyzing data The program will fit eight functions to data of the form X Y Tektronix equipment in the analytical labor atories is used exclusively by students in In strumental Analysis a second year course for science majors The Tektronix 4051 is inter faced with an analytical instrument in two phases to provide students with a better un derstanding of how the final results are obtained As the first phase the students perform the experiment manually measuring and record ing all the data and then write their own pro gram in BASIC to perform the analysis This we find requires a more thorough un derstanding of the algorithm for the results than does a
73. one on which we could be productive very quickly We found it in the Arrigoni Computer Graphics TOUCH N DRAWTM system Rollin reflected that the system was easy to use the most friendly and one of the most power ful of those analyzed He cited the Touch Con trol Station as an example of the Arrigoni attention to detail The system is very graphic and utilizes language common to my profes sion The Touch Control Station eliminates the need for menus or prompts on the screen This saves valuable screen space for drawing The prompts given on the Touch Control Station are so complete that knowledge of computer language is not necessary Arrigoni s TOUCH N DRAW is designed specifically for the architectural market Rollin feels this was a critical factor influencing his decision to buy The people at Arrigoni are architects The package is primarily architec ture terms symbols language and that sort of thing Other systems that we looked at aimed at several disciplines they addressed too wide of a field Other desirable features specified by Rollin in clude the large screen of the Tektronix 4054 Graphic System It allows plenty of space for designing at a scale large enough to be easily seen The resolution is superb and the thumb wheels are an efficient way for controlling the cursor The installation went smoothly with a cou ple of minor problems being handled prompt ly by the local Tektron
74. or FORTRAN 86 is a superset of the ANSI FORTRAN 77 subset FORTRAN 86 allows easier and quicker program development easier manipu lation of large amounts of data and easier understood and maintained programs But compatibility has been maintained and most earlier FORTRAN programs will run as is with possible minor input output modifica tion thus protecting your current software FORTRAN 86 programs can directly output character data to the terminal or can call the LTI routines to access all the sophisticated 4110A Series graphics features This library of routines provides a quick path to the termi nal s firmware through FORTRAN callable subroutines with easy to remember names Or to save time and money you can take advantage of the local PLOT 10 IGL A core standard set of routines for graphics and text interaction IGL acts as an interface between your application program and the LTI subroutines The powerful set of routines of local PLOT 10 IGL are compatible with the host version of PLOT 10 IGL Thus you may run locally on the 4110 terminal your existing host pro grams that use IGL You simply download Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 es er eh ot kar Aedes Sale your program source file It is then compiled and linked to Local IGL The CP M 86 operating system allocates system resources and provides program de velopment aids and separate user libraries In addition Tektronix has provided addi tional
75. or their future life goals after graduation Without question bringing Tek tronix equipment into the Chemistry Labo ratory Computer Training program has def initely stimulated the entire chemistry in structional program and is making a valuable contribution to the attainment of that col lege goal m Editor s Note Joe Nunes original manuscript ful ly documents his grant procurements and des cribes all aspects of the equipment s use Unfor tunately space restrictions prevented TEKniques from printing the entire report including details which would be helpful to others interested in up dating their educational program Joe would be happy to send a copy of his complete documenta tion to those interested He may be contacted by writing or calling Joe Nunes Suny Cobleskill Agricultural and Technical College Cobleskill NY 12043 TEKniques is grateful to Professor Nunes for taking the time to describe his program and to Bill Longobardi Tektronix Sales Engineer at Albany NY for bringing Joe and his work to our attention Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Excerpts from a pre lab assignment A laboratory simulation program used dur ing acid base experiments allows students to choose experimental variables and observe the effects of changing these variables An added feature simulates a buret and Erlen meyer flask with volume changes in both as the reagent is dispensed by variable volume amounts or by drops The studen
76. r copy one of the reprint sets will likely fill your needs To obtain a copy of one of the reprint volumes just contact your local Tektronix office or the IDD Applications Library of fice serving you Programming Tips Handbook The programming tips from the first three years have been collected into a handy book let which is included in the Programming Aids T2 tape documentation part 062 5972 00 4050 Applications Library Changes Name to IDD Program Exchange Library Effective January 1 1983 the 4050 Applica tions Library will change its name to IDD Program Exchange Library The new name more accurately reflects the scope of the library which includes application programs utility programs and so on As mentioned in the last issue of TEKniques the library will encompass programs for all of the Tektronix Graphics Displays including the new 4100 Series and 4100 Local Programmability Keep 4050 Series Catalog The 4050 Series Applications Library catalog published in 1981 should be retained New pages will be added periodically but the origi nal portion will not be reproduced Present holders of the catalog should clip the New Abstracts pages from TEKniques and insert them in the back of the catalog Those who do not have a copy of the catalog may order it through Tektronix Central Parts Ordering see New Abstracts section for information by part number 062 6343 00 or may call the local Tektronix Field Office Textboo
77. r indicates the point locations then keys in the standard deviation around the point The program will draw the standard deviation lines up down or both Program 14 Title 4050 468 Utility III Author Craig Bulmer Tektronix Inc Chicago IL Memory Requirement 64K Peripherals Tektronix 468 Oscilloscope 4052R07 4052R08 ROMS Files 1 ASCII Program Requires dedicated tape Statements 1257 This program is similar to 4050 468 Utility II in TEKniques Vol 6 No 1 T1 tape with additional features The addition of these functions was at the cost of plotter support The program will take waveforms from the 468 Oscilloscope and display the waveforms on the 4050 screen with printed header information of Chan nel 1 2 and or Add Volts Div Time Div Trigger Point Max Volts Min Volts Min Max Pulse Parameters Histogram Pulse Parameters Integrate Waveform Differentiate Waveform FFT and Waveform Analysis Added functions will multiply waveforms channel 1 x channel 2 waveform stored in Add channel Lissajous pattern channel 1 vs channel 2 and waveform cursors on 4052 display with analysis of data between cursors Cursors are moveable with constant readout of both cursors voltage and time from start of sweep and delta time and voltage between cursors Program 15 Title Inventory Control Author Larry E Davis Tektronix Inc St Louis MO Memory Requirement 32K Peripherals 4052R06 Editor ROM Optional 4641 3 Pr
78. r printouts And whether on paper 35 mm slides or transpar encies the graphics are professional By adding graphics to systems that monitor and analyze marketing financial scientific and engineering data TELL A GRAF and DISSPLA can help communicate the mes sage to any level of management or staff Performance productivity and key trends can be quickly spotted information buried in complex mathematical models becomes immediately clear geophysical data and con tours on maps are rapidly comprehended ae And the care that goes into acquiring and processing the data is reflected in its presen tation DISSPLA and TELL A GRAF are the only software systems that meet the presen tation quality standards set by graphic art ists A page layout option even enables soft ware typesetting for internal reports and pub lications Superior features provide profes sional graphics TELL A GRAF The simple everyday English commands of TELL A GRAF put graphics in the hands of Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 non programmers Artists managers secre taries and even programmers use TELL A GRAF daily to translate raw data into useful information t Line pie horizontal and vertical bar charts as well as text pages are all generated by TELL A GRAF A library of 68 standard plots may be invoked by simple sentences Flexibility is not sacrificed to ease of use however A system of overrides and
79. s 648 This program plots Moment of Inertia curves for six types of cross sections square rectangle solid circle hollow circle l beam and hollow circular sector For plots with two independent variables the user may select which variables will be on the X axis and which on the Z axis For a plot with more than two independent variables the user may select which variable s will be constant s for the plot so that there are only two independent variables at a time Discrete values of the plot are given if the user elects to have them Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Program 6 Title FFT of 2048 Real Numbers yo Author Piere Thore L A G A S Roubault France Memory Requirement 4052 4 56K Peripherals 4052R08 FFT ROM Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 38 This routine should be considered a subprogram of a master program that must compute the G array then lead to the computation of FFT through a GOSUB The routine performs FFT of an array of 2048 real numbers It provides the result in the same G array under the same format as after a ROM pack computing The computation lasts 30 seconds Program 7 Title IFT of 1024 Complex Numbers Author Piere Thore L A G A S Roubault France Memorv Requirement 4052 4 56K Peripherals 4052R08 FFT ROM Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 77 This routine should be considered a subprogram of a master program It performs the reverse operation with the same I O formats as Progr
80. spite the powerful numerical formatting capabilities inherent in the PRINT USING statement we have often found it simpler to round our final data values to a form suitable for printing This routine should be used with caution however as considerable precision is lost in further calculations involving rounded numbers Recall that the PRINT USING statement formats numbers for displav purposes onlv and the original number is retained with full precision within the memorv of the operating svstem This is in contrast to the rounding routine that follows It replaces a full preci sion array element with a column specific rounded version whose precision is depen dent on its remaining significant figures This routine is an alternative displav format ting technique which can save programming effort particularly if a complicated sequence of PRINT USING statements is required to achieve an equivalent result 22 INIT DIM FCRC DCC E9 1 B8E 12 FOR 1 1 TO R RESTORE 178 FOR J 1 TO READ DCJ DATA 23153 FUT sy JISINT IB OCJOXEA I J pot huh hub pud bet hal at pud jed 10T D JIXO 49 S ABSC ACT JIJXEBI 1B1D J NEXT J NEXT I END ooo Seooooeroow PUT AND OUTPUT FILES FOR D J OF 2 1 3 INPUT FILE Ow O N O UI D Gly Bw De Mri 5 2368 3 8417 8 6879 18 8799 9 9999 5 8701 6 5589 11 55 2 8E 4 F OUTPUT FILE 5 24 18 88 6 56 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 Initializing Random Data Files on t
81. stallation Guides mag tape Opt 1 IBM 360 370 TSO Opt 3 DEC 10 20 TOPS Opt 9 VAX VMS 4010B04 Installation Guide hard disk DEC RSK 11 RT 11 4010B05 Installation Guide punched cards Opt 1 IBM 360 370 TSO 4010C01 Interactive Graphics Library Level 4 User s Installation System Reference Guide I O Routines Installation Guides Opts Opt Opt Opt Opt Opt Opt Opt 0A 0B IBM 360 370 TSO 0C IBM VM CMS OD Prime 350 850 Primos 0E CDC NOS OF Perkin Elmer 3200 OS 32 0G Univac 1100 EXEC 0J DEC 10 20 TOPS OK DEC PDP 11 RSX 11M VAX VMS Opt ON HP 3000 Standard Configurations 4662 3 Plotter User s Segments User s Special Feature Escapes User s 3 D Graphics Support User s 4010C02 Preview Routines Installation Guide User s 070 4193 00 070 4358 01 070 4357 00 070 2102 02 070 2161 01 070 4166 00 070 4200 01 070 2843 01 070 4201 00 070 4166 00 070 4199 01 070 3979 00 070 2483 00 070 2484 00 070 2485 01 070 2780 00 070 2779 00 070 2755 00 070 3977 00 070 2602 00 070 3975 00 070 3980 00 070 398 1 00 070 3978 00 070 3976 00 070 4365 00 070 3977 00 070 3978 00 070 4482 00 070 4509 00 070 2676 00 070 2686 02 070 4425 00 070 4400 00 070 4399 00 070 4426 00 070 4398 00 070 4427 00 070 4585 00 070 4429 00 070 4430 00 070 4483 00 070 4485 00 070 4484 00 070 2967 01 070 4338 00 070 4339 00 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 4050 S
82. stiga tion are on going Sorting analyzing plot ting the Tektronix 4052 Graphics System is helping Dr Zeller wade through volumes of data in his quest to open a window on the sun and to reveal Antarctica s resource potential Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 UET AU ATh OUTCROP NUMBER EXTRON ii l thie 1 MARS GRECORDER F Figure 3 Back at the lab at the Universitv of Kansas strip chart recordings taken in Antarctica are digitized into the 4052 and analvzed The gamma ray detector and analog recorder shown will be loaded into a helicopter and flown over Antarctic mountain peaks to gather data on potential uranium and thorium resources 13 PLOT 50 2 D Drafting New Release Offers Increased Performance for Automated Drafting Support for the Extended Memory File Man ager the 4909 Multi User File Manager and additional D and E size plotters has been in cluded in the recent release of PLOT 50 2 D Drafting new functions and increased com munication add to its performance All at no additional cost PLOT 50 2 D Drafting enhancements offer users whose 4050 Graphics System is equipped with the Extended Memory unit several op tions for optimizing their drafting tasks 2 D Drafting function overlays some or all may be stored in Extended Memory
83. t b 208 i snixbrixnot b 4051 changes it XIXBXHI SNOTCB Z HIXBXI HOTCB WINdow VIEwport Coordinate Conversions by Duke Ganote Institut fuer Klinische Pharmakologie Bodenheim am Berg FR Germany Frequently when preparing plots I have found it necessary to convert from WINDOW UDU to VIEWPORT GDU coordinates and vice versa especially when working with labels on plots or when adjusting the size of let ters on the plotter Storing the WINDOW coordinates in an ar ray W and the VIEWPORT coordinates in an array V lets one use the following user de fined functions to transform a point from one set of coordinates te the other When debugging it becomes easy to find out the WINDOW and VIEWPORT values The Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 V and W array data could be also stored in one DATA statement to conserve memory The routine in example 1 executed on a 4051 takes 32 seconds to initialize a random binary numeric data file 1750 bytes long with 10 byte records on the 4907 The routine in example 2 accomplishes the same results in three seconds The expression keyed in with parentheses 196 i1l 1L b nit cnot dbss 200 i nixbri notib I 4051 leaves it alone KIXCHOTCB3 1 CHOT CES D WINDOW W 1 9W 2 9W 3 WA VIEWPORT V 1 5V 2 9V 3 9U 4 REM REM XX FNA X converts X co ordinate Gils to UDUs REM XX FNECY converts Y co ordinate GUUs to UDUS REM DEF FNA X s X V 1 X W 2 W 1
84. t not quite bi nary internal representation of decimal frac tions arithmetic operations may result in close approximations but not exact For in stance translating 0 1 and 10 into binary rep resentation in the 4050 and multiplying them results in FFFFFFFFFFFFe which is close to the integer 1 but not close enough for the INT function e g key INT 10 0 1 into the 4050 to see what you get back A small program allows us to put in the num ber to be rounded and how many places to the right or left of the decimal Therefore when testing a fraction for round amp ing you must take into consideration its in ternal representation A previous program ming tip in TEKniques Vol 2 No 6 told how OF EA to set the internal value to agree with the L30 DEF FNA A SINT 10OTFX A 1 0E 8 40 49 107P DEF FNECA SINTCLOTPRATO 49 107F value displayed on the screen since the DEF FNC A SINTCLOTPRCATLOT FXO 49 107F INIT screen always rounds at the 12th place 160 DEF FNIUA INTCLOCPR AFL07 FRO 49 4ARS A KEO 1LO7F 70 DEF FNE A SINT 107FX A 1 0E 8 40 5 107F 180 DEF FNF A JSINT 107FXAHO 5 107PF First set EO or some variable to IE 12 190 DEF FNG A INT 1O7FK AtL0 FKO S 107F Then use INT A ABS A E0 which results 200 DEF FNHCA SINTCLOTPK AFL07 FKO 5 4ABS A KEO 10 F PRINT INPUT Xt 3 INFUT X IF X Q THEN 300 PRINT INFUT Pt INFUT P PRINT QOI NUMBER f Xxs FOBITION f sF PRINT BOLEFNA X sENBOX sEN
85. telex without human interference Program 12 Title Data Chart Author Hayward Hulick U S Army New Cumberland PA Memory Requirement 32K Peripherals 4662 3 Plotter Optional 4907 File Manager Files 1 ASCII Program Statements 869 Displaying a graph with its tabular data gives this program a unique touch Menu driven the program plots a graph with corresponding data shown in formatted tabular form below Up to four curves eight curve styles 4 lines 4 bar or not plotted and negative or positive data may be plotted The scale scale interval X axis label and four title headings are user specified Up to 15 periods on the X axis with auto or user specified labels Chart files may be stored on a mounted disk marked tape or both The chart is plotted on the plotter and allows the user to change pen colors for each curve Program 13 Title SDBAR Author Leland C Sudlow Purdue University West Lafayette IN Memory Requirement 8K Peripherals 4662 3 Plotter Files 2 ASCII Programs Statements 194 SDBAR is a short program which will draw Standard Deviation bars on multiple line graphs that have been previously generated from any source Through the joystick on the plotter the user defines the graph area The program prompts for the values to define the window then previews the width of the crossbar on the 4050 screen The user may choose to increase or decrease this width Using the joystick the use
86. terface two 4631 hard copy units two 4662 digital plotters a 4956 graphics tablet two 4641 line printers two ROM expanders with a variety of ROM packs the complete Tek _tronix PLOT 50 software library a TransEra A D Converter with a real time clock and some startup supplies all delivered in late 1980 Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 It readily became apparent that the training conditions needed improvement The general chemistry laboratory sections had enroll ments of 20 24 students and only seven 4051 systems were available Thus an average of three students worked with one system dur ing the formally scheduled lab session Ob servation clearly demonstrated that three stu dents per 4051 system was not desirable which was borne out in a subsequent writ ten survey of the students Students who worked alone or part of the time in pairs on a graphics system showed the highest degree of enthusiasm interest and success To improve and update the training condi tions a second grant proposal was submit ted to the same granting agency This second grant 1981 82 funded five 32K 4051s four with data communications interfaces a 4611 hard copy unit seven 4952 joysticks two 4662 eight pen plotters two 4907 File Man agers and a Datagram Concentrator for in terfacing with the host computer a Bur roughs 6810 in the college computer center The increased number of 4051 systems great ly improved the training conditions in
87. the program for the 1982 Spring semester This was clearly evident from observation from informal student comments and from a se cond student survey Equipment Configuration Equipment is stationed in three rooms with different configurations however this ar rangement is flexible since all equipment items are portable Two configurations pro vide for the highest volume usage by students while the third configuration is used for di rect interfacing with instruments in the ana lytical laboratories Eight 4051 graphics systems and two hard copy units are in a room adjoining the gen eral chemistry laboratory This configuration accommodates up to 16 students working in pairs The immediate proximity to the lab makes it highly favored by the students throughout the formally scheduled lab ses sion At peak times the overflow is handled by the systems located close by A second configuration of three 4051 sys tems line printers hard copy unit file man agers and the tablet accommodates student use when peripheral equipment other than hard copy units are required for completing the laboratory activities This area is also used by the faculty for software design and development Located in this area is the Data gram Concentrator which allows up to 16 systems to be interfaced into one port of the college computer center s Burroughs 6810 Cable connections are available from the first configuration enabling those systems to b
88. time consuming and error prone especially when the calculations are done by hand Tekniques Vol 6 No 4 First the students perform the above exper iment manually measuring and recording all data from the chromatogram They then write their own program in BASIC to per form the response factor and percent com position calculations Results from a student program are shown below In the second phase the students interface the Tektronix 4051 directly with the gas chro matograph using a TransEra 652 A D Con verter A program written in BASIC allows Joe Sprague standard mixture of alcohols 1 HEIGHT AREA B 824279 1 888800 i B B B 956854 B B 983145 Alr peak Im identified B 31 minutes Gas CHROMATOGRAPHY students to collect and manipulate data with the User Definable Kevs using a 4952 Jov stick to interact with the data defining peaks of interest and expanding portions of the chromatogram for closer examination Out put is directed to the 4662 Plotter shown below Additional software will interface other de partmental instruments such as infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometers with the Tek tronix equipment RESPONSE FACTORS FAULYN WORDEH STANDARD MISTURE APEA RESPONSE FACTOR tag OS fal GI fies COT CTP fi JUHKHUMH MISTURE AREA ADJUSTED AREA PERCENT COMPOSITION 4110 Local Programmability Brings Distributed Processing to Graphics Applications The 4110
89. tions are in language familiar to designers and draftsmen and 90 of the questions require ves no responses Visual feedback through messages and lights on the Touch Control Station keep the user informed of where he is No computer pro gramming knowledge is required to operate TOUCH N DRAW The total system including the hardware software and training may be purchased or it may be leased at a monthly cost approxi mating that of a typical draftsman designer Productivity improvements of 3 5 times are typical More information on the system is available from your local Tektronix Sales Engineer m Bringing Computers into the Chemistry Lab at SUNY at Cobleskill Inspires Students and Faculty by Joe Nunes Chemistry Laboratory Program Agricultural and Technical College Cobleskill NY Professor Joe Nunes right points out one of the equipment configurations for the Laboratory Computer Training Program in Chemistry to Walton A Brown president of Cobleskill College The chemistry program needed improve ment Pre lab assignments to familiarize stu dents with upcoming experiments were oc cupying valuable instructor time Motivating students to accurately collect data analyze it and graph it was wearying Who wants to fit experimental points to theoretical equa tions which consistently require multiple tedious calculations And the graduates were expected to have some computer skills for dat
90. traditional 4050 it was necessary to segment out each character one at a time and subject it to a Rounding Functions Several readers have recently sent in func tions for rounding The variety of techniques used in the functions suggests a need for clar ification of the binary nature of computers and the INT function In general base 10 decimal integers can be represented precisely with another number base but most decimal fractions can only be represented approximately For example 1 10 cannot be exactly represented in binary notation regardless of how many significant long series of logical comparisons With SEARCH you check if the first character is in the range AZ or az and then check the remainder of the string for any character in the prohibited ranges It requires fewer state ments and eliminates the FOR NEXT loop Also SEARCH seems more readable than a long list of ADEs ASCII decimal equivalents Upcoming issues of TEKnigues will carry more hints on using the new BASIC language capabilities of the 4052A and 4054A Incorporating this routine into a function for rounding results in the following GEF FNACA INTCLOTEKCAF107 REM REM CHECK SYNTAX OF ANY PASSWORD OR SPECIFIER REM CODE FOR CRECRING LENGTH ETC OMITTED FOR Isi TO LENC2 K hy he 1 c ASC 6 REM Fiksr CHARACTER MUST BE ALPHABETIC Ei gee sas C465 OR C gt 9G AND CL963 OR C312233 NOH AECK FOR UNDERSCORES ETC 1 C lt 3
91. ts prefer plotter output since it highlights the titration curve with different colors THE EQUIVALENCE POINT REQUIRES 10 DROPS NUMBER OF GROPS TO RELEASE lt 1 TO 209710 LIST DATATCYES OR NO YES TO CONTINUE PRESS RETURN o e ie o o o o EAT p fig 1c kt A PLOT OF pH vs VOLUME OF BASE ADDED XXX PLOT H i OF pH VERSUS VOLUME OF RASE ADDED ITH 0 1365 M NAGH LA STRONG BASES A GROUP iA METAL HYDROXIDE THE BASE WILL BE ADDED BV ML INCREMENTS OR BY GROP INCREMENTS TREN THE pH US VOLUME OF BASE ADDED HILL BE PLOTTED 444 STRONG ACID IN FLASK XXXX INPUT ITS FORMULA c INPUT ACID CONCENTRATION 4 SIG FIG PLEASE 8 1145 INPUT ACID VOLUME MAX 50 00 ML 24 85 x STRONG BASE IN BURET XXXX INPUT ITS FORMULA INPUT BASE CONCENTRATION 4 SIG FIG PLEASE 1365 INPUT BASE VOLUME MAX 50 809 ML 49 98 READY TO TITRATE YES OR NO YES 9 1145 M TO CONTINUE PRESS RETURN fig la STRONG ACID STRONG BASE TITRATION CURVE EQUIVALENCE POINT c ONE DROP 6 pH OF SOLUTION CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM SUNY AG TECH COLLEGE AT COBLESKILL 4t SELECT VOLUME DELIVERY MODE FOR TITRATION Xxx THE ere IN ML OF BASE NEEDED FOR THE EQUIVALENCE POINT IS 20 84 FOR EFFI RECOMMEN 5 ATE BY ML UP TO 20 34 ML FOR THE I OR M B TITR EMENTS ARE 8 5 ML UP TO 5 ML F L OF 28 84 ML ENCY D INCR TERUA NUS 8 5 ML USE DROPS A 8 cY IN RU PLUS I E N I
92. ully and the stu dents strive for precision and accuracy in their data From written and computerized evaluations it is evident that students have a better understanding of the laboratory ac tivities which are computer related Equipment Acquisition But to get to this point from 1977 took some groundwork After extended research includ ing contact with former Cobleskill graduates employers of our graduates and Science Ad visory Board members we found the most beneficial use of computers by the students in the chemistry laboratory program would be direct input of laboratory data into a com puter located in the same lab or at least very close From a functional practical and cost immediate as well as continuing point of view microcomputers appeared to be the best choice Three popular personal microcomputers were closely examined but these systems didn t provide the graphics capabilities which were important to the improvement of the chem istry program Also these systems were not being used by employers of our graduates In fact the computer systems most common ly encountered in the work places investi gated were Tektronix graphics terminals or Tektronix 4050 Series stand alone graphics computing systems The grant proposals submitted under the Vo cational Educational Act VEA adminis tered by the New York State Department of Education funded seven 32K 4051 Graphics Systems four with the data communications in
93. ve also modified some of the pro grams and have cooked up some ourselves Figure 1 shows the raw data from the two ice core samples plotted on the 4662 Plotter and Figure 2 shows the same data smoothed Comparing the data from the two Antarc tica locations the raw data in Figure 1 and the smoothed curves in Figure 2 reveals the general similarity between the two And reading the graphs from left to right the correlation between the nitrate deposits and the observed solar activity periods is clearly shown present to 1850 Modern Maximum 1820 1790 unnamed short minimum 1715 1645 Maunder Minimum 1510 1400 Sporer Minimum 1280 1120 Medieval Maximum Where the nitrate levels are low there has been less sunspot activity where the nitrates are high the solar activity has been high We also do Fourier transform to determine the main frequencies present in the total sig nal observed Dr Zeller We have found the power spectra in the samples from the ice cores to be very similar for both locations By establishing the correlation between nitrate levels in the ice with known solar activity and cycles Dr Zeller and his colleagues can ex tend the correlation to get a longer backward look at solar activity from ice samples depos ited before recorded solar history Mineral Resources A second program in which Dr Zeller is in volved also employs the 4052 Graphics Sys tem He and Dr Giesela
94. ver FNF rounds on positive 0 5 FNB rounds on negatives FNF doesn t FNB doesn t give a true round on 1 551 FNC and FNG don t round on positive 0 55 but do on 0 5 FNC rounds on negative 0 55 FNG doesn t FNC doesn t give a true round on 1 551 FND doesn t round on positive 0 55 but FNH does FND rounds on negatives FNH doesn t Both give a true round on 1 551 To sum it up for consistent accuracy use the functions shown in the defined functions FND and FNH In this issue are tips from readers for using defined functions In each of the algorithms we have inserted the suggested functions above Numerical Roundoff Within a Program by Seymour Hatch CR Industries Elk Grove Village IL A numerical roundoff procedure may be pro grammed with a defined function statement for use within a program The following small routine demonstrates the method 180 REM xx PROGRAM TO DEMONSTRATE 110 REM xx NUMERICAL ROUNDOFF WITH 12 REM xx A DEFINED FUNCTION 138 INIT 140 E 1 8E 12 158 DEF FNAC A SINT 1OTPX AFJOT P O 49 FABS AJXE8 101P 166 Nz1002XPI 178 PRINT N 188 P 9 190 PRINT P FNACND 200 P 218 PRINT P FNACND 228 Pz ae PRINT Ps FNACND z 250 PRINT P FNA N 268 1888 PRINT LJIJJU 1618 LIST RUN 3141 59265359 8 142 3 3141 593 2 3141 5926536 Numerical Roundoff of Arravs for Displav bv James Love and Theodore C Loder III Universitv of New Hampshire Durham NH De

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