Johnny 1.00 Dokumentation
Contents
1. 00 000 E 4 000 E 5 Accumulator a Instruction Prg Counter 0 Register 8 dinn 000 00 000 mmm Data Bus In the following each unit shall be considered in detail Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 5 15 Johnny 1 00 Freeware by Peter Dauscher 2009 26 E 4 1 Memory RAM ae The Cela gt ID if Random Access Memory RAM consists of 1000 locations each having the ability to store numbers in the range 0 19999 Con sequently three decimal di gits are sufficient to address each location The 10000s_ place and 1000s place are separated a bit from the other places since they represent the OP Code of the macro in structions MEMORY 5 q P S e i fa SS Edit RAM Line Address Data 000 adr ai Lo Asm Op_ 000 09 012 NULL 012 DL 101 012 TAKE 012 1003 04 012 SAVE 012 011 DEC O11 1005 06 000 TST 000 05 001 IMP OO1 007 10 000 HLT 000 Using two push buttons triggering the micro instruc 09 O12 tions ram gt db and db gt ram data from the ad dressed location can be put mm Data Bus EE TEN onto or taken from the bus R respectively The locations are editable using the GUI macro instructions can be chosen using a pull down menu In the GUI two sections of the RAM which can overlap are shown Thus the instructions and the data affected can be shown simul t aa aneously E Ao uad Op bio f nn Ki 4 2 The Arit2. The documentation itself is licensed under the Creative Commons License CC BY SA http creativecommons ora licenses by sa 3 0 de leqalcode ef BY an Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 14 15 10 2 Technical Stuff The program has not to be installed in order to work it can simply be run from any data storage medium The program has been developed using the free IDE Lazarus Version 0 9 30 4 http www lazarus freepascal org So at least in theory the program should be able to be compiled to any operating system Lazarus can generate executable files for All graphics have been created using OpenOffice LibreOffice the Gnu Image Manipula tion Program GIMP and InkScape http de openoffice org http de libreoffice org http www gimp org http www inkscape org Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 15 15 10 3 Acknowledgements Thanks to all who have helped to create this simulator indirectly by their activities in the Open Source projects mentioned above Furthermore wish to thank to all persons who have given me useful feedback and bug reports My students at the Gymnasium am Kaiserdom Speyer My colleagues Jens Fiedler Ewald Bickelmann Bernd Frohlich Ernst Lothar Steg maier and all colleagues who have tested the program with their students and found bugs Alexander Gussow and Joachim Brehmer Moltmann who tested the program ex tensively from the students perspective Alexander Domay for the first co
3. Other Restrictions a window is shown which enables the user to change the mode Attention Changing the op X Cancel tion deletes the RAM con tent completely Attention Changeing the option removes RAM content 9 2 Offnen und Speichern BONSAI machine programs bma files of the original BONSAI simulator can be opened and written Therefore it is possible to create a BONSAI machine program using JOHNNY and then transfer it to the original simulator which is more complex but also more realistic Therefore there are three file formats for RAM content Fam Standard JOHNNY RAM content bma Standard Bonsai Machine Programs Du Bonsai Programms saved in Standard JOHNNY format Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 13 15 10 Legal Stuff Technical Stuff and Acknowledgements 10 1 Legal Stuff The program is Open Source and licensed under the GNU GPLv3 http www gnu org licenses gpl 3 0 txt Free Software Free asin Freedom THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EX PRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT IN NO EVENT SHALL PETER DAUSCHER OR ANY OTHER CONTRIBUTOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT TORT OR OTHERWISE ARISING FROM OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE
4. absolute address has a zero value the next macro instruction is leaped over AN This is a substantial change compared to version 0 98 of the simulator where directly the value of the accumulator has been tested The change has been made for the sake of uniformity JMP The program is continued at the given location HLT The simulator shows a message that the program is finished Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 8 15 6 Simple Program Examples 6 1 Adding numbers The following example program adds the values of locations lt 10 gt and lt 11 gt and stores the result in location 12 TAKE ADD SAVE HLT 6 2 Multiplying numbers Multiplication of numbers can be implemented by subsequently adding the one value lt 10 gt to the result location lt 12 gt which had set to zero previously In each loop the other value of the other location lt 11 gt is decremented The loop is contin ued until lt 11 gt has reached value 0 Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 9 15 7 The User Interface The buttons are arranged in two groups Macro Code and Micro Code the latter of which is only shown if the Control Unit is shown in detail The buttons in the Macro Code group mean Set RAM completely to Zero 00 000 for each location Open a program on HD Save a program to HD Execute the next macro instruction in the RAM Execute the program automatically where the speed can be controlled by the s
5. g is represented by 02 042 Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 4 15 In real processors a micro instruction activates in general several lines of the con trolling bus Activating more than one line in real processors however can easily ef fect bus errors if not performed properly Therefore a quite unrealistic simplifica tion has been made Each micro instruction corresponds to one single push button that also can be pushed manually by the user A macro instruction is simply a sequence of such micro instructions In order to avoid the necessity for simultaneity that the data bus has the ability to store a data word which of course is not realistic real buses are simply lines storage is done by processor registers Transferring a data word from one place to another via the data bus is performed in two steps a the sender copies the word onto the bus b the receiver copies the word from the bus Bus conflicts are therefore ruled out by construction Micro Code is editable The user can create his own macro instructions simply by choosing an appropriate name and then clicking the sequence of micro instructions with the mouse 4 The Processor The processor consists of three parts the Arithmetic Logic Unit the Memory RAM and the Control Unit These Units are interconnected by busses e Johnny 1 00 Freeware by Peter Dauscher 2009 2012 Micro Code DSe oo m ssen CONTROL UNIT a e a een 8 H e
6. Johnny 1 00 simulation of a Simplified von Neumann Computer Peter Dauscher 2009 2012 Free as in Freedom User s Manual CVO Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 2 15 Content ND CN LEE 3 Zc e de AC BI OIA st occa cede ae ie St vo Fr age a en ame a ge cat Mn de pe aes 3 Des SIMIC AMON EEN 3 4 Mie FROG CS OF EE 4 eg ER MEMON RAM EE 5 42 E eil Ee EOI UNI EE 5 lee ee 6 5 The Standard Macro Instruction Get 7 SE une E Dee elen Bel EE 8 Occ Add UNMIS EE 8 0 2 Ou ler Mee ei nee 8 ls WINE Yser MCI ACE EE 9 8 Creating OWN Macro Instruchons cece ceccceeeceeeeeceeeeeeeeeceececeeeeceeceseecesueeeseeeseeesaneesanes 11 9 NE BONSALMOQE EE 12 9 1 Umscnalten in GEN BIR le EE 12 9 2 Offnen und SPeEICNEMN cece ceccceeeceeeceeeeceeeceeeteneeeneeeeeeseceteuetsueeseeeteeeteneeeeeeeeaaes 12 10 Legal Stuff Technical Stuff and Acknowlecdgemente 13 MOL YOO Aco UN EE 13 10 2 en Her EE EE 14 UNE ee Ee an En EE 15 Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 3 15 ds Remark The author of this manual is not a native English speaker So if you find spelling errors grammatical or other mistakes please feel encouraged to report them to make this user s manual better Thank you very much in advance Peter Dauscher peter dauscher gmail com 2 Introduction Most contemporary computers base upon the Von Neumann Architecture Due to mini aturization most processes in modern computers are hidden to the us
7. croll bar to the right of the button BO e Stop the execution of the program Set the program counter and all other processor pegisters to zero a Show the options window i al Ra L3 If the button E 7 is used to show the Control Unit in detail the following buttons are shown Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 10 15 Open a micro code file on HD a Save the current micro code to HD Execute a single micro instruction Record a micro instruction sequence to form a new macro instruction Fc If one location of the RAM is clicked a window appears where the numerical value can be changed or a macro instruction can be chosen from a pull down menu The address can be entered by using the real or a virtual keyboard A double click on the address part sets it to zero The location is set to zero The change is written into the respective location The location keeps unchanged By using the right mouse button a context menu is shown Using this menu insertions an deletions in the RAM can be effected SAVE O12 DEL 012 SAVE 012 O11 DEC 011 200 UU BOE OC 009 00 Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 11 15 With an insertion the block of the next non zero value locations is shifted down by one one zero value location at the end of the block is deleted Similarly with a deletion t
8. ers and can hardly be observed Therefore simulation is a powerful method to give pupils and students an overview about what happens in computers JOHNNY has been developed especially for educational purposes resulting in some sub stantial simplifications compared to real computers 3 Simplifications The simulator can be observed on the level of micro instructions as well as of macro instructions The inner structure of the Control Unit can be masked in order to make things simpler in the beginning Users can program the simulator using an assembler like language The respective macro instructions can be written directly into the memory using a GUI so that syn tax errors are ruled out by construction The Arithmetic Logic Unit consist of one single register acting as accumulator The simulator and its GUI use the decimal system Although this is not very realistic in a technical sense it simplifies the usage especially for beginners being too famili ar with hexadecimal system So in Johnny 9 8 equals 16 and not 0x11 The data range is 0 19999 the address range is 0 999 Overflows are not allowed 0 1 0 and 19999 1 19999 The instruction set is very small consisting only of 10 macro instructions All instruc tions use absolute addressing one address per instruction for the sake of simpli city The OP Code is given by the tenthousands place and the thousands place the other places represent the address ADD 42 e
9. he non zero value block is shifted up and a zero value location is inserted below the block 8 Creating own Macro Instructions In order to create an own macro instruction or to change an existing first an OP Code and a Mnemonic must be chosen The latter can be chosen in the pull down menu later on when RAM content is changed uAd Op 130 BLA ate Then the Record button is pressed gt The respective part of the micro code is set to zero at first By pressing the buttons of the respective micro instructions the sequence is recorded The recording is indicated by a blinking part of the user interface Pressing the Record button again stops the recording The new micro code can be saved to HD and opened again by EW Saving a micro code creates two files One mpc file contains the micro code itself the nam file the Mnemonics of the instructions Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 12 15 9 The BONSAI Mode In the 1990s Klaus Merkert and Walter Zimmer implemented a similar simulator BONSAI In order to be able to use the BONSAI instruction set which consists only of five instruc tions namely INC DEC TST JMP and HLT Johnny can be switched to BONSAI mode The pull down menu is then adapted to these instructions some micro instructions unne cessary in this mode are suppressed 9 1 Umschalten in den Bonsai Modus Johnny Options Instruction Sets Used e Johnny Mode Bonsai Mode Minimal Instruction Set
10. hmetic Logic Unit Ai The Arithmetic Logic Unit consists merely of the accumulat or The accumulator can be resetted acc 0 incremented acc decremented acc db gt acc transports a data word from the bus into the accumulator acc gt db does the opposite A value from the bus can be added plus or subtracted minus In the so called BONSAI Mode to be explained later in sec tion 9 some of these micro instructions are suppressed acc gt db Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 6 15 4 3 The Control Unit The most complex part of the processor is the Control Unit It consists of the instruc tion register the program counter and the micro code By db gt ins the content of the bus is transferred to the instruction re gister The address part of the instruction can be put directly onto the address bus ins gt ab or transferred to the program counter ins gt pc which is necessary to implement a JUMP instruction The pro gram counter itself can be copied to the address bus by pc gt ab The micro instruction pc increments the counter 0 pc does the same but only if the accumulator has zero value ins gt mc sets the 100s and 10s places of the micro instruction counter above the micro code to the OP Code in the In struction Register and resets the 1s place to zero The micro instruction mc 0 resets the r micro instruction counter mg EAA Eara CONTROL UNIT ins gt ab om E P
11. mpilation on a Linux system Klaus Merkert and Tobias Selinger Martin Oehler David Meder Marouelli for useful comments and the encouragement to make Johnny an Open Source project The responsibles of the imedia and MNU conferences who gave me the possibility to present Johnny at a larger public Especially those persons have forgotten in my enumeration wish you all much fun and productive work using Johnny Any further bug report or suggestion is appreciated Thanks in advance Peter Dauscher 10 07 2012 peter dauscher gmail com
12. rg Counter Instruction Register ins gt mc BE Saat E o SD d Si Or y T 4 ch H k x A G Pe stopp is not an instruction in a narrower sense it only forces the simulator to show a message that the program is finished As mentioned above the Control Unit can be masked in order to make things simpler CS TAKE c12 011 RES 000 TST COJ uul JMP COL aa 000 HLT COJ Data Bus MEMORY EZ Address Bu ei ep NULL o S T 7 AKE 012 012 SAVE 012 011 DEC 011 f 06 nnd ST 00 DOT IMP 001 U OOQ HLI DOC Data Bus Johnny 1 00 User s Manual 7 15 5 The Standard Macro Instruction Set Der mitgelieferte Microbefehlsspeicher speichert die Steuerung von 10 Makrobefehlen ab TAKE The value of the location given by the absolute address is transported to the accumulator SAVE The value of the accumulator is transported to the location given by the abso lute address ADD The value of a location given by the absolute address is added to the value in the accumulator SUB The value of a location given by the absolute address is subtracted from the value in the accumulator INC The value of the location given by the absolute address is incremented DEC The value of the location given by the absolute address is decremented NULL The value of the location given by the absolute address is set to zero TST H and only if the location given by the
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