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Seis-OPT REMI

1. Write Postacript File Ctrl F Write JPEG File Write Binary File Append to Binary File Ctrl D Write Sound File Ctrl u Write Ascii File sheadie bet BE E 03 155 mod sls Z sheamod tet BF fig jpg sheamodt tet_nehrp tet plot par Ef sheapicks 1 pg E sheapicks ps 4 shea tlt sheapicks 1 tet aot UU Save as type All Files m Cancel Figure 19b Provide a filename with an extension of your choice for the binary file to be written to Press the Save button The window shown in Figure 19c will open up Choose the Raw Float option for the binary file type The default option is RG so you need to scroll up to choose the Raw Float option Click on Create Binary File ER Creating Binary File C Optimsowens She _ Binary FileType IRG hi Trace Data Type l Coords will be large Old RG headers without source coords Create Binary File Cancel Figure 19c Select the Raw Float option and click on Create Binary File Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 18 of 79 Now open up the next SEG Y file to be combined using the Open seismic records option under Vspect Process menu From the window that displays the SEGY traces choose the Append to Binary File option as shown in Figure 19d coy SeisOpt A jRedi T HM 2 0 spect Shea Line 1 2 sgy me x
2. Convert SEG Files to SEGY Write PostScript File Ctrl F Write JPEG File Write Binary File Ctrl 8 Append to Binary File Ctrl D Write Sound File Ctrl U Write Ascii File Ctrl s Figure 46 Select the Write PostScript File to write out a PostScript file of the image 3 7 1 1 Importing PostScript files into an MS WORD document The PostScript file created above can be modified using the freeware program GhostScript GS View and inserted into an MS WORD document Essentially it involves using GSView to create an EPS file with a Windows Metafile or TIFF preview Here are the steps to follow to do the above 1 Open the PostScript file ps written out by ReMi Vspect using GS View Click OK when warning messages come up Do not click Ignore all DSC 2 Go to the Options menu and select EPS Clip and Show Bounding Box options Figure 46a 3 Make sure the Ignore DSC option is not selected 4 If the entire image is not displayed on the screen go to Media menu and choose 11x17 option or something appropriate so the entire image is visible Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 43 of 79 oy plimage eps GSview File Edit Options View Orientation Meda Help Bg Easp Configure Advanced Configure Sounds Units Language PStoT ext DSc Wamings Save Settings Mow rr Fr F Save Settings on Exit Sat
3. Cancel Figure 76 Select the first 1D profile to be read in and click Open File name Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 74 of 79 Another window will open up requesting the last 1D profile model file be chosen Figure 77 Select the last file RMmodel16 txt in this example and click Open If the models have been successfully read in the dialog window shown in Figure 78 will open Note that the assembler will not work if the model files are not named sequentially and if the numeric component of the file name does not increment by 1 q Select last 1 D profile is e E E RMmodel10 txtibc txt E RMmodel13 txt_ibe txt RMmodell amp txt ibe txt RMmodel11 txt E RMmodeld 4 tect E RMmodel tact Select the last 1D E RMimodelti tt ibe txt RMmodeli4 txt ibe txt E RMmodel txt ibe txt profile that will RMmodel12 txt RMmodel1 5 txt RMpF bin make up the 2D RMmodel12 txt_ibe txt E saleissa txt _ibe txt E RmMpF p r cross section RMmodell 3 txt eg x F RMpicks eps gt FRMmodellE tt Files of type All Files Cancel Figure 77 Select the last 1D profile to be read in to create the 2D cross section File name The dialog window shown in Figure 78 allows the user to set the following plotting parameters Select the Assistant appropriate units to be used K Units
4. Figure 40 Choose Vspect as shown above To go back to the original color palette choose Topographic no Clip option Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 37 of 79 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 spy pf analysis Seles File Edit View YVspectProcess Windows esOpihjrena iay Va Vspect AMZ0Thsgy pranalysis a o 0 i Frequency Hz 34 630 Pick the transition olive green and dark blue when image is rendered using the Vspect color palette It is recommended that both palettes be used to determine the best picking parameters for a particular data set ness sec meter Saworsanad Gobkdi Snartral AB atin Figure 41 p f image rendered using the Vspect color palette Depending on the frequency and amplitude content in the noise records this color palette will provide a better rendering of the transition from the high to low spectral ratios that need to be picked 8 Itis better to be conservative while picking the data That is do not attempt make picks in areas where the warmer colors are absent lack of high spectral ratio or where there are gaps in the trend 9 On the other hand if there is distinct kink in the dispersion curve and it is present in all the p f images of the data set then t probably implies the presence of a high or low velocity layer depending on the shape of tne kink see Figure 41a Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 38 of 79 Frequ
5. Was Depth 200 0 gt Auto scale Modell Update Flots more accurate shear wave Re size Model profile Profiles window Figure 47 Set parameters for interactive velocity modeling and dispersion curve plotting Units The user has the option to toggle between meters second and feet second The default setting is to meters second The output velocity model will always be written out in the unit that was selected during the modeling process e Max Depth This controls the maximum depth of the velocity model shown in the Model Profiles window Figure 49 Make sure that this value is set to be greater than the deepest interface in the model e Auto scale Model Clicking this will automatically re size both the Model Profiles and Dispersion Curve windows to fit the maximum and minimum velocity limits in the modeled data e Update Plots Clicking this button will refresh the velocity models in the Model Profiles window and the dispersion curves in the Dispersion Curve window e Model Mode Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 47 of 79 o The Standard mode will display only the shear wave velocity red vertical line and density vertical blue line for each layer It assumes the P wave velocities are about 1 73 times that of the shear wave velocity Poisson solid assumption o The Advanced model will display the P wave velocity green vertical line for each layer in addition to
6. Plot Parameters option under the Edit menu Figure 17 Choosing this will open up the plot property window shown in Figure 18 If the window panel does not look like the one show in Figure 18 or if it appears to be missing the lower items just drag a corner with the mouse to enlarge it a little Setting the plot parameters correctly for the record will allow you to analyze it more quickly as some of the geometry information will be correctly set as well The following describes the plot parameters Rows Point Down If checked renders the image with the time axis going downwards Vert Exagg Recommended between 0 01 and 0 1 controls the size of the plot Positive Only If checked renders only positive amplitudes Amplitude Clip Values above this are clipped Best to set it at 3 rms Units Type in label for scale of image Color Table for Image Choose different color palettes for the image Element Zero Starting time for traces Element Delta Sampling interval of the traces in seconds Element Units Label for the time axis Vector Zero Starting value for horizontal axis number of traces or distance Vector Delta Geophone spacing in meters or trace spacing Vector Units Label for the x horizontal axis e g Offset meters Planes Zero Index for start of planes if multiple gathers records are being displayed Planes Delta Increment for labeling subsequent planes Optim LLC 2004
7. those used for lt processing all the traces It is easiest to 35 0 Vmin imisi 50 0 Forward Only Reverse Only Cancel Figure 70a Process the traces using the ReMiVspect module It is easiest to use the same parameters used to process all the traces when processing groups of traces Ses Opi Rneva i Vo spect LUDEMA eA vS demno AMAZT T S gy Step 24 a 3 4 3 0 0 Frequency Hz 324 830 0 0 nness sec meter Lower frequencies are not well defined resulting in the velocity model being shallower than when using all traces 0 02 Averaged Rehii Spectral Ratio 0 0 fase Figure 70b pf image showing the picks for traces 1 6 Note that the fewer traces used causes the dispersion curve to be less well defined at the lower frequencies consequently limiting the depth of the velocity model Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 71 of 79 Next follow the steps outlines in Section 4 2 to generate a 1D model using the ReMiDisper module The best procedure to model fewer traces is to start of with the 1D model generated using all the traces used Open Model to read in the saved 1D model and then adjust the layer velocities and layer interface depths until the model fits the picks minimum RMS error Since fewer traces are being used the maximum depth of the model will be less than the depth of the model obtained using all the traces Consequently as in this example the deeper layer will prob
8. AEM vit View VsopectProcess Windows Close window Ctrl AA Convert SEG Files to SEGY Write Postacript File Ctrl P Write JPEG File Write Binary File Ctrl H Append to Binary File Ctrl D write Sound File Cirle write Ascii File Ctrl s Figure 19d After reading in the next file to be combined choose Append to Binary File option A dialog window will open up Choose the same file name that was used to create the binary file for the 1 record The 2 record will be appended to the 1 one As before choose Raw Float for the binary file type Figure 19e and click on Append Binary File to append the second record to the first one S Appending to Binary File C Optimsowens _ x Binary File Type RG 7 Trace Data Type T Coords will be drre Old RG headers without source coords Append Binary File Cancel Figure 19e Choose the Raw Float option and click Append Binary File Repeat this process for the remaining SEGY files each time appending the binary file to the existing binary file Make sure you choose the Raw Float option for the binary file type each time While displaying any one of these SEGY files make sure you save the plot parameters This will allow you to display the appended file properly To do so choose Plot Parameters from the Edit menu in the window that displays any one of the SEGY file as shown in Figure 19f O
9. Open Parameter File option 3 1 4 Exporting Data Files for Printing To save or print a plot of the record display the appropriate record the and then select File gt Write PostScript File from the menu bar Figure 19 Note that only the displayed file will be output as a PostScript file If multiple files are present the correct file must be first displayed by choosing using the Planes Index scroll bar at the top PostScript files can be either displayed edited or printed using drawing programs like Adobe Illustrator To view and or print these files a program Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 16 of 79 rite out image in window asa f W a PostScript file ose Window Ctrit 10 Animate Write JPEG File rite Binary File Ctrl B Write out image in window as a pppend to Binary File Ctrl D JPEG file rte Sound File Ciril S capable of reading EPS format files is needed If you do not have such a program you can download a set of free ones called GhostScript Copyright Aladdin Enterprises and GSView Copyright 2000 Ghostgum Software Pty Ltd from www cs wisc edu ghost GS View is the visual interface to GhostScript See Section 3 4 5 on how to import the PostScript file into an MS WORD document Version 2 0 allows to you output the file in JPEG format Select File gt Write JPEG File from the menu Figure 19 to output the rendered image in JPEG a
10. to see if this defines the transition better To change the color palette do the following Select Plot Parameters option from the Edit menu Figure 39 Choose Vspect color palette as shown in Figure 40 Click Apply Changes to render the image shown in Figure 41 If you wish to go back to the original color palette choose Topographic no clip and click Apply Changes Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 36 of 79 gt SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim ReMiv30 demo RM2011 sey Step 2 3 4 5 Seles File Peni View YspectProcess Windows Spec mL i am SQF sep 2 3 Frequency Hz 34 630 Plot Parameters Apply Parameter File Ctrl F Clip at Maximum trl hi Clip at RMS Clip at S RMS Ctrl 3 Vert Exaqdg k Erase All Picks Apply Geometry ness sec meter Averaged Reldi Spectral Ratio LS ies Figure 39 Select Plot Parameters from the Edit menu to bring up the plot properties window SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim ReM E E X File Edit Title SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 sgy pf analysis Rows Point Down Vert Exagg 1 326885 Positive Amplitudes Only Amplitude Clip 25 Ampl zera oo Factor 4 00 nits Averaged Ret Color Table for Image Current Colors Elements ero 0 0 Delta e Vectors zero VepectT hi i 0 0 Delta Topographic no Clip Apply Changes Cancel Reset Values
11. BZU epee Note When using ihe standard model mode Vp is set to zero In Advanced mode the actual Vp values will be written out 3 Depth ft ESAs Depth ft density g cc Vp AS n V8 AS en 4 5 T 0 213 3071 T 2 O 213 307099 G 2 8773 O 213 3071 2 67 729668 2 0 213 307093 oF 7 26773 O 460 7349 2 87 729668 2 O 460 734923 Model file a 11 5092 O 460 7349 11 50915672 2 O 460 734923 RMmodel g 11 5092 O 794 6457 11 50918672 2 0 794 645695 lt 4 txt 10 56 8274 O 794 6457 Convertto 56 82742964 2 0 794 645695 imported 11 56 8274 O 1134 997 negative 56 62742964 2 0 1134 99676 into MS 12 130 253 O 1134 997 depth for 130 2526268 2 0 1134 99676 Excel 13 130 253 0 1935 118 plotting 130 2526258 2 o 1935 118617 L 14 163 061 O 1935 118 163 0610288 2 O 1995 11817 Figure 62 Import the saved model file into MS Excel to plot the one dimensional shear wave profile This file RMmod xls is included in the demo subdirectory Plot using graph tool Fo Wy Vs Model 0 200 400 600 s00 1000 1200 1400 1600 1600 2000 i a aT eRe BT hnn OTR nnmn h TOLLE CLE BT A TELE ELE H E value t axis E TO see g 00 784 fils 95 4 IBC site class O 50 i i DE 100 4 x 7 E 150 4 Shear Whive Velocity fts Figure 63 Plot of the one dimensional shear wave velocity created using MS Excel The spreadsheet is included in the demo subdirectory
12. T Samples Horizontal Distance 26 0 250 25 0 O a Hoo i Samples Elevation m a Loo OO 7 oo 100 Velocity oo 5 0 TE 019 43 g Change horizontal distance limits and elevation Increasing the number of samples will make the model emanther limits to window out and render desired parts of the model Set the maximum and minimum velocity limits for the 2D model Figure 78 Set the plot parameters in this window and click OK e Units Use the pull down menu to select the appropriate unit for the plot These should be units that were used when saving the 1D model profiles It can be km km s m m s of ft ft s Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 75 of 79 e Horizontal Distance The module automatically estimates the minimum and maximum horizontal distances of the 2D cross section These values will be displayed in the min and max box They can be changed to window out parts of the model to be displayed The Samples box shows the number of samples used when interpolating between the each 1D profile More the samples smoother the model in the horizontal direction e Elevation The maximum elevation is displayed in the max box and will be the top of the model zero depth The minimum elevation is the bottom of the model and should be less the maximum elevation value Samples box shows the number of samples used when int
13. VelocitwFrequencyVvavelenqth Figure 47a Select the file type for converting dispersion picks made usitig other software for input into ReMi Disper module Currently the following types of dispersion files can be read in and converted 1 SASW no header file Dispersion picks output from SASW Spectral Analysis of Surface Waves software It assumes the file has no header information and there is only a single dispersion curve in the file being converted 2 Velocity Wavelength pair ASCII file containing two columns with the first column being velocities and the second column being wavelengths 3 Velocity Frequency pair ASCII file containing two columns with the first column being velocities and the second column being frequencies 4 Velocity Frequency Wavelength ASCII file containing three columns with the first column being velocities the second column being frequencies and the third being wavelengths Select the appropriate option to bring the Browse window Figure 47b Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 48 of 79 Convert SAS File ca Look in E Sasi CORNY E velfregwavwe bat velwaye tuk dispersrc04152003 jar 5 picks tet S45noheader tet E velfreg tet GF e El File name EFt Files of type JAI Files 7 Cancel Figure 47b Choose the appropriate file for conversion The program will convert the input file into a dispersion file with extension _disper
14. C Optim r Sele File Edit Type of Input Geometry Observer s Report Unit System coords and Elevations in Feet F 3 4 5 6 Fi E z l l l l l es ee a l l l i l l i l es es a l l l l l l l l l a a l Sa 7 Close Apply lear Show Format Read File Write File Show All Erase All Figure 27 Enter the information for each record contained in the file and click Apply to apply the observer s report Next create a surveyor s report or station coordinates list according to the format given in the tool You will need one line of station coordinate text per record in any order Note that there are two orders for the coordinate text accepted N X Y Z or N Z Y X The station numbers in the observer s report and surveyor s report must match For example if you choose the N X Y Z option then the surveyor s information will look like the one below for a 36 channel survey and with geophone spacing 10 feet and elevation along the profile is flat Lie 0 Or 040 10 Zs 0 AQ 50 60 TU a oUa LO 90 0 020 0 9 it T00 LZ LIU Lo 120 14 130 LS AAU Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 26 of 79 COND OB W NH OOOO OC OC O OOOO OC OC O 20000000 OOOO OC OC O Soo SeGOC OOOO oO OOOO oO 20000 OOOO oO 20000 L 130 O 0 0 0 0 L LOC VO 020 Le 170 0 0
15. ReMi V3 0 Vspect SEG Y filename Step 2 3 Figure 30 amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 sgy Step 2 3 L BX File Edit View SESE g Sierras Windows Step 1 4 Open non SEG Y and non SEG 2 Seismic Records Step 1 6 Open SEG Y Seismic Records Step 2 Pre Processing Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry 4 Compute p f of Each Record Step 5 Combine Record p fs Step 6 Pick and Save Dispersions of each record Make sure you perform this action on the window which displays the data and has had Step 3 applied to it Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 28 of 79 This will perform the p f transformation on each plane or record of the data sets For example for this demo data RM2011 sgy each of the 1lrecords RM2011 to RM2021 will be transformed individually 3 4 1 Setting Parameters and Starting ReMi Vspect Processing gt ReMi p f AnalysisSeisOpt R ReMi TM vspect of SeisOpithyReMitTh Va 0 Vspect CA Remi Version 3 1 Copyright 24 June 2002 by The vspect method on class FitPlane data computes Louie s yelocit spectrum analysis J Louie Bull Seismol Soc Amer Apr 200 Geophone spacing Sampling interval in A SurTace wave phase velocity dispersion z should be entered in sec ndsof hedat spectral ratio image by p tau and Fourier s melcis Maximum analysis frequency dt sec 0 0020 dx meters 3 049 for the p f transformation Expected minimum v
16. horizontal black lines in the Model Profiles window until the modeled dispersion curve blue line the Dispersion Curve window overlay the dispersion picks red filled squares The RMS error that appears at the bottom right hand corner of the Dispersion Curve window is a quantitative estimate of the fit Lower the error better the fit for a particular data set Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 53 of 79 Fit the shortest fit between the Increase size of period highest blue line and red this window by frequency picks squares dragging this first 6 It 1s recommended that the modeling start from the top down Take an iterative top down approach to interactively modeling the dispersion picks Figures 54a b c d e and f illustrate the steps involved in modeling 7 First fit the lower periods higher frequency picks first since they sample the shallow horizons Since the shallow horizons are lower velocities associated with the top layer keep changing the layer velocities and interface depth of the first layer until the first few picks shorter period picks are matched well Figure 54a Change the velocity and the interface depth 8 Also increase the size of the Dispersion Curve window by dragging the right lower corner This will increase the spacing between the uploaded red squares picks enabling them to be fit better f SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window BOA amp SeisOpt
17. 0 0 0 Lo Looe V0 00 20 2900 070 040 ZL 20020 00 020 22 AAU Ae Os Zo eg Ua 0 0g 24 230 0 O40 00 29 260 0 0 0 020 2G 200 0 0 0 0 0 Zo ZOU Ww UO 00 20 210 0 0 00 22 20080 Di Oa 30 290 0 0 0 0 0 3l 300 0 0 0 020 a2 310 10 00 0 0 go SAU OU 1020 24 220 a O20 020 39 240 0 0 0 0 10 BO 3900 020 0 0 Station ID N X lt N SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim E B File Edit Type of Input Geometry Station Coords MYY Z Unit System Coords and Elevations in Feet 16 150 0 0 0 0 0 17 160 0 0 0 0 0 18 170 0 0 0 0 0 19 180 0 0 0 0 0 20 190 0 0 0 0 0 21 200 0 0 0 0 0 22 210 0 0 0 0 0 24 220 0 0 0 0 0 24 230 0 0 0 0 0 25 240 0 0 0 0 0 26 250 0 0 0 0 0 2f 260 0 0 0 0 0 20 270 0 0 0 0 0 29 200 0 0 0 0 0 30 290 0 0 0 0 0 31 300 0 0 0 0 0 32 310 0 0 0 0 0 33 320 0 0 0 0 0 34 330 0 0 0 0 0 35 340 0 0 0 0 0 36 350 0 0 0 0 0 k Close Apply Clear Show Format Fead File Write File Show All Erase All Figure 28 Enter the coordinates for each geophone location and click Apply to apply the surveyor s report Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 27 of 79 Paste it to the text area of the Geometry tool Make sure the Type of Input Geometry is set to the appropriate Station Coordinates option that the Unit System is set according to your input units and click the Apply button at the bottom of the Geometry tool Figure
18. 00455 0 Of 0 170669 716 3310777 0 95169 20 6 5104 12 0 005 0 OF 0 1536 656 16 Odes 22 7 1614 12 0 005 0 OF 0 139638 656 16 Oa eS ape te ee 12 0 005 0 0 0 128 656 16 OF FOS 25 o 130 E 0 00541 0 0f 0 12200 606 4325323 0 92697 fata S fe 0 00541 0 OF 0 109715 606 4325323 0 75402 29 44401 14 0 00563 0 OF 0 105931 562 7 444254 0 97099 zl 10 091 14 0 00563 0 Of 0 099098 562 7 444254 0 71272 z3 10 742 15 0 00624 0 Of 0 093093 525 7692308 0 72067 a4 11 06 15 0 00624 0 OF 0 090359 525 7692308 0 58176 ab 11 716 15 0 00624 0 Of 0 085339 525 7692308 0 77026 J0 12369 16 0 00666 0 Of 0 0o0S4r 492 6126126 0 92624 39 12 695 16 0 0066b6 0 OF 0 078771 492 6126126 0 69511 40 RADR 17 0 00708 0 OF 0 076605 463 3098305 0 55629 ny IEEE 1 0 00708 0 OF 0 073148 463 3098305 0 7411 45 JESER 10 0 0075 0 Oy 0 071444 Ay 4d 0 59724 45 14 645 18 0 0075 0 0f 0 065269 Any 44 0 99235 Af la 29 18 0 0075 0 O 0 065364 An AA 1 1019 44 1395 18 0 0075 0 0j 0 062696 An dd 0 54157 gl 16 601 19 0 00751 0 Of 0 060237 414 7661150 0 50595 5A 156 927 E 0 00751 0 Of 0 059077 414 7661158 0 54704 53 eae 20 0 00833 0 0j 0 057964 393 0535414 Figure 64a Import the dispersion picks file RMpicks txt in this case into MS Excel to plot the dispersion curve Figure 65 The blue color filled columns are the imported picks The Period and Velocity values are calculated Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 66 of 79 EJ Microsoft Excel RM_dis xls Arial
19. 23 0 00958 0 0 0 0 91795 3 20 507 24 0 01 00 0 1 0684 64 20 83 1 1268 58 18 88 1 0684 64 20 833 24 0 01 00 0 v 1 1268 58 16 880 22 0 00916 0 0 0 nl Ponca Deen Daceenleanel save Close ShowAll Erase all Picks Figure 43 a Select the picks to be deleted and click Delete to erase them When deleting make sure there are no blank lines between entries as shown on the right b Save Picks File Save itr E demo T ci Ed E convtemp txt RM2014 DAT RM2020 DAT E convtemperr txt E RM2015 D4T RM2021 DAT RM2011 DAT RM2016 DAT RM2011 say RM2017 DAT RM2012 DAT RM2018 DAT RM2013 DAT RM2019 DAT File name AMpicks tet Save as type Al Files Cancel Figure 44 Save the pick file This can be imported into the SeisOpt ReMi Disper module for interactive modeling of one dimensional shear wave velocities Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 41 of 79 3 7 Making Report Quality Output of Velocity Spectrum Image SeisOpt ReMi allows the user to write out the images rendered either as a PostScript ps extension file or as a JPEG file It outputs the image is displayed in the ReMiVspect window So if you wish to plot the p f image with the picks you have made on it then you should use the Write PostScript File option or the Write JPEG File under the File menu before you close this window The default plot parameters used to render the velocity spectrum p f image can be viewed and
20. 4 Compute p f ot Each Record Step 5 Combine Record p ts Weetor Step 6 Pick and Save Dispersion 100 0 Smnlituaa jis Figure 11 Choose Step 1 b Open SEG Y Seismic Records to read in the microtremor data in SEG Y format Note that Step 1 a should be used only for data saved or recorded in a format that is NOT SEG Y or SEG 2 When the Step 1 b is selected the dialog box shown in Figure 12a will open up Go the directory that contains the data file in SEG Y format select it and click Open If you are reading in individual SEG Y files created in the field then you simply choose all the SEG Y files to be read in as show in Figure 12b Note that you use this option only when each SEG Y file contains only ONE record If they contain multiple records see Section 3 1 5 on how to read them in In both cases the format verification window shown in Figure 13 will open up The default data type of the converted SEG Y traces is 32 bit integer Use this the option when the SEG Y file is created using the SEG 2 conversion module Section 3 1 1 or when using DAQLink II or the SeisOpt ReMi Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 11 of 79 recording unit manufactured by Seismic Source Company The program can also read in SEG Y data whose traces could be in any of the formats listed in Figure 14 Usually the seismic recording instrument manual should specify the trace type of the data being reco
21. Create Binary File to write out the file Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 23 of 79 3 3 Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry The next step is to enter the survey or erase the geometry present in the trace headers of the 99 microtremor data Choose Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry item from the Vspect Process menu Figure 24 on the window that has the displayed data SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 sgy Step 2 E B File Edit View DRENTtee elie Windows Step 1 a Open non SEG Y and non SEG 2 Seismic Records Step 1 6 Open SEG Y Seismic Records Step 2 Pre Processing Plane biata Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry Step 4 Compute p f of Each Record Step 4 Combine Record p fs Step 6 Pick and Save Dispersion z5 m ve pr N O N S N g w p ln p pel N ga ge ge te ve CO Pa S p el 5 5 O pr eN p S ou pel Ss pel The window shown in Figure 25 will open Make sure all the buttons appear as shown If they do not use the mouse drag the lower right hand corner of the window and make it longer so all the buttons are visible 3 3 1 Erasing Geometry from the Trace Headers Recommended for typical ReMi survey amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim re B File Edit Type of Input Geometry Unit System C
22. Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 65 of 79 4 4 2 Plotting the Dispersion Curve In addition one can plot the picked red squares versus calculated dispersion curve blue lines by importing the picked file for the demo data RMpicks txt and the saved dispersion data The MS Excel file RMcalcdis xls Figures 64a and 64b included in the demo subdirectory shows the imported picks numbers in black and saved dispersion numbers in red file The picked and saved dispersion values are in frequency Hz and slowness seconds meter Use the spreadsheet functions to convert it to desired values you wish to plot That is if you wish to plot frequency versus Rayleigh wave phase velocity then convert slowness for example column E in dis xls to velocity for example column G in the dis xls by taking the inverse of the output slowness values Similarly frequency can be converted to period by taking its inverse Period 1 Frequency Picks Freq Hz slowness sm Period s Velocity ths 0 94076 o 6 Of UAT z 0 0025 0 Uy 0 35401 1312 32 0 90262 9j 2 9296 f 0 00291 0 OF 0341344 1127 422060 1 0012 11 3 500 z 0 00333 0 OF 0 279275 905 2252292 USLE 12 3 90625 0 00375 0 0 0 256 o4 00 0 99069 la 42317 J 0 00375 0 Oy 0 236312 o4 O0 Maaie 14 4 5572 10 0 00416 0 OF 0 219433 700 6530462 1 0328 16 5 2083 10 0 00416 0 OF 0 192001 706 6536462 0 81647 G4 E EE 11 0 00455 0 OF 0 180708 716 3318777 0 59770 i aca 11 0
23. R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles DAR File View File View Add Layer Delete Layer Max 0 5 No Steps Wi4 bensithgcc hear Velocity fise Velocity z ici Adjust shallow hlin 164 0 hax 8202 0 Step layer velocity Calculate Units Model Mode and layer interface depth Rayleigh Dispersion r meters seconds Standard r Quarter vWave Approx ie feet seconds r Advanced Max Depth 656 1 WWto scale Modi Update Plots Ready SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMpicks txt 1 X File View Velocity sec 131 2 to 9842 5 Lower the RMS error better the corner e A Ys 1043 3 Freq Hz 62 5 to 1 66 Period sec 0 016 to 0 6 ninman Error 186 Bo Site ciann ER OURAN Figure 54a The first step is to model the ATEEN picks Adjust shallow layer velocity and interface depth so that the blue line e the high frequency picks short period red squares 9 Note that you can fit as few or as many of the picks in one step as you wish Going for too few would result in many layers while too many may result in too few layers Try to model about one third to one fourth of the picks at one step starting from the shortest period You can fine tune the fits later 10 Once the shorter period higher frequency picks are matched then change the velocities an interface of the second layer until a few middle period picks at the higher periods lower frequencies are matched Figure 54b shows all
24. and higher frequency geophones will yield velocities down to shallower depths It uses standard refraction equipment simple recording with no source Section 4 0 Thus the refraction microtremor exploits the most effective aspects of the microtremor spectral analysis of surface wave SASW and multi channel analysis of surface wave MASW techniques Louie 2001 The slowness frequency wavetield transformation is particularly effective in allowing accurate picking of Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curves despite the presence of waves propagating across the linear array at high apparent velocities higher mode Rayleigh waves body waves airwaves and incoherent noise Louie 2001 2 0 Installing and Getting Started with SeisOpt ReMi 2 1 Installing SeisOpt ReMi Begin the installation of Se1sOpt ReMi by inserting the installation CD into the CD drive The install process should start automatically If it does not you can go to the CD drive and click on the Setup exe file which has the icon shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Setup exe icon Click this to start the installation if it does not start automatically on insertion of the install CD into the CD drive When the install is complete a Setup Complete window will pop open You have the option of choosing to read the README file or clicking on Finish to end the installation The README file gives you directions on how to obtain your license from Optim to
25. can resolve shear wave velocities to 23 The 100 ft average shear wave velocity V along with the IBC 2000 International Building Code soil classification 1s automatically calculated and displayed at the bottom of the Model Profiles window This is also written out to a file called name of the model file _ibc txt If for example the model file is mod txt the IBC value will be written out to a file called mod txt_ibc txt in the same directory to which the model file was written 24 Keep in mind that SeisOpt ReMi calculates the average one dimensional shear wave velocities so the user does not have to fit every pick The objective is to fit the general trend of the picks with the blue line passing through the center of the picks resulting in an average shear wave velocity profile It is best to introduce velocity reversals only if you have other Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 58 of 79 evidence suggesting its presence or if quite a few p f images velocity spectra Figure 55 show velocity reversal signatures 25 Figure 55 shows an example velocity spectrum p f image that shows a velocity reversal Figure 55a and b show the picks and the model profiles that fit the dispersion picks This data set shows a clear kink in the picked dispersion values red squares that is indicative of the presence of a high velocity layer and thus it is safe to model it as a velocity reversal 0 2 Frequency
26. edited by choosing the Plot Parameters option from the Edit menu Figure 39 and 40 This window is similar to the plot parameter window for displaying and plotting the microtremor records See Section 3 1 3 for a description of each parameter in the window One can change the title of the plot or the axes if desired The aspect ratio and the color palette can also be changed The following sections describe how to create report quality output of the p f image with our without the picks 3 7 1 Creating Output Velocity Spectrum Image After setting the desired plot parameters as described in the previous section there are two ways to create a file containing the image shown in Figure 39 that can output to a printer or imported into a report The first option is to use the Write JPEG File option under the File menu Figure 46 to write out the image in jpeg format Figure 45 Make sure to provide a jpg extension to the file name ses URI ena a Vo speck COpaMRenavot denon hogy step 24 3 4 3 0 0 Frequency Hz 34 830 0 0 nness sec meter 0 02 Averaged Rehii Spectral Ratio 0 0 2 5 Figure 45 Select Write JPEG File under the File menu to create a jpeg image of the p f image with the picks Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 42 of 79 The second option is to write out a PostScript file PostScript format files can be read into programs such as Ado
27. mouse button and dragging the mouse over the plot with the left button held down Each segment of the green line indicating the P wave velocity of a particular layer can be moved independent of the other Doing so will alter the S wave velocity also keeping the Vp Vs ratio constant at 1 73 To move either the P wave or S wave profile only press and hold down the SHIFT button while using the left mouse button to move either the P wave green line or S wave red line profiles Thus layers with Vp Vs ratios greater or less than 1 73 can be modeled Add Layer button The Add Layer button on the top left allows the user to add a layer interface to the model To do so left click on the button and then left click at the location where the layer has to be added For example to add a layer interface at say depth of 59 m left click on the Add Layer button and then left click at about 59 m within the Model Profiles window The correct depth can be achieved by dragging the interface after it has been added Delete Layer button To delete a layer interface left click on the Delete Layer button and left click on the interface that has to be removed Vs The 100 ft average velocity is continuously calculated and display at the bottom of the plot window This forms the basis for classifying the soil as per IBC 2000 The soil classification is also shown in the window Important There are situations when the s
28. of the shear wave velocity by holding down the SHIFT key and moving the green lines to the appropriate values for each layer using the left mouse button e You will notice that the fits that is the blue curve in the Dispersion window will change for Vp Vs ratios much different from 1 73 e Keeping the P wave velocities fixed since they are known adjust the shear wave velocities so that the fit between the red squares and blue line is again satisfactory e One may also have to add more layers to account for the variations Figure 57 shows a modified shear wave profile assuming P wave velocities Note that this is just for demo purposes Vp Vs ratios may not be as high as shown e Vp Vs ratios can be used for determining Poisson s ratio and other soil properties Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 61 of 79 f SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window BAF SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles BEK File view File View Period Add Layer Delete Layer Min 0 02 Max 0 35 No Steps 20 ob A A 30 8 Shear Velocity iset mee Velocity ratio 1 73 Min 100 Max 82017 Step 6 2 ratio 1 73 Calculate Units Model Mode Rayleigh Dispersion C meters seconds C Standard Vp Vs ratios Quarter VVave Approx e feet seconds Advanced ios different Max Depth 149 9 uto scale Mode Update Plots from default value Ready SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMnicke txt a YY F
29. run SeisOpt 2D The default installation directory is C Optim ReMiv30 A successful installation will create three SeisOpt ReMi desktop icons as follows Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 4 of 79 SeisOpt ReMi Vspect module Figure 2a see Section 3 0 which has tools to read in the recorded data and create a Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curve Figure 2a SeisOpt ReMi Vspect module icon SeisOpt ReMi Disper module Figure 2b see Section 4 0 which is the interactive one dimensional shear wave velocity modeling tool H ReMibisper Figure 2b SeisOpt ReMi Disper module icon SeisOpt ReMi Registration tool Figure 2c which has to be used to register the software before use Register_Remi Figure 2c SeisOpt ReMi Registration icon 2 2 Authorizing and Registering SeisOpt ReMi SeisOpt ReMi software modules are protected by encryption software and so you need to obtain the proper authorization from Optim to be able to start using them The following sections outline this procedure 2 2 1 Registering SeisOpt ReMi software l The first step is to register Se1sOpt ReMi Note that you can do the authorization and registration at the same time That is send the registration key Section 2 2 1 and site code at the same time to Optim To register double click on the Register_ReMi icon Figure 2c that appears on the desktop after installation A command MS DOS window will open up
30. so following the steps below 1 Copy the file Cks exe that is present in the installation CD to the install directory C Optim ReMiv30 2 If you are installing and running SeisOpt ReMi on a Windows NT 2000 or XP machine you need to log in as the local administrator and run setupex Find the setupex file in the installation directory globe icon show in Figure 4 Run setupex by double clicking the globe icon from a Windows explorer window Figure 4 Setupex icon Double click on this after installation if the host is an NT 2000 or XP machine 3 Click on the ReMi Disper icon Figure 2b on the desktop 4 When the license configuration window appears Figure 5 a Site Code should be displayed as shown in Figure 5 If not click the Display Site Code button Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 6 of 79 a Disper Module Part of SeisOpt ReMi V3 0 Lic E Eg Program License Help Program not authorized Site Cade DET 1269 5566D 4065 CC Site Kep Email this to support optimsoftware com and enter the site key sent back to you in the appropriate location Disper Module Part of SeisOpt ReMi V3 0 1D amp 2D shear wave velocity modeling from refraction microtremor The license for this program is not currently authorized If you have paid for a license follow the instructions below 1 Ifthe Site Code does not appear above click on the
31. that were converted The Plane Index counter will increment from 0 as each record is displayed For example for the demo data 11 planes Plane Index 0 to 10 consisting of SEG Y data from records RM2011 to RM2021 will be present Note that messages will appear on the MS DOS window while the data is being read in including any error messages Since SeisOpt ReMi Vspect user interface is Java based it is possible that an Out of Memory error might appear when reading in large data sets with multiple records As a Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 14 of 79 rule of thumb the available RAM on the machine must be about four times the number of bytes in the SEG Y file See Section 6 0 on how to increase available RAM for Java The data size of the display window can be adjusted by choosing an appropriate zoom percentage under View menu Figure 16 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim remiv30 demo RM2011 sgy E B File Edit VIEW Vspect Process Windows Animation CirltA 410 Pick Window Ctrl l 10 25 50 75 150 200 ES 500 About spect Ctrl 5 Cirl Cirl 2 Figure 16 Adjust window size using the Zoom options under the View menu 3 1 3 Setting Plot Parameters of the Imported Data The parameters that control the display of the data on the window and the output can be viewed and edited by choosing the
32. the depth of the layer the second column is the density in g cc third column are the P wave velocities and the fourth column is the shear wave velocity of the layers If the Standard model mode is used the Vp values written out will be zero The actual values will be output when the Advanced model mode is selected When the model is saved the IBC soil classification for the profile is also written out to a file The file will have use the name of the model file as prefix follow by the suffix ibc txt So if the model file name is RMmodel txt then the IBC soil classification will be written out to a file called RMmodel txt_ibc txt This will be written out to the directory that contains the dispersion picks Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 62 of 79 e1s0 pt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Open Model File Save Model File tax 0 35 Mo Steps 60 Open Dispersion File Save Dispersion File hax 8196 8 Step 1 3 Units Model Mode Convert File C meters seconds Standard Create 20 Profile yit Wax Depth 139 7 Ready feet seconds C Advanced Save Model File Save ir E demo c E E convtemp txt E RM2013 DAT E RM2019 DAT RMpicks jpg E convtemperr txt fi RMZ014 04T RM2020 DAT RMpicks ps RM2011 0AT RM2015 DAT RMz2021 D4T E RMpicks txt TEJRM2011 eps RM2016 DaT RMpF bin RM201 1 say RMZ017 0aT RMpf par RM2012 DAT RM2018 DAT EIRMpicks eps gt Fi
33. the shear wave and density profiles This mode can be used when P wave velocities for the site are available either from refraction surveys or well log If so this will improve the accuracy of the modeled shear wave profiles e Pull down menus Across the top of this window under the File menu are options to open import and save export the model and the dispersion curves The Convert File options can be used to convert dispersion files created from other programs like SASW to format for ReMiDisper Section 4 1 la Create 2D Profile option is to create a 2D profile from a series of 1D profiles This will be explained in a later section The Quit option is also under this menu 4 1 1a Importing dispersion picks from third party software The Convert File option under the File menu Figure 47a in the ReMi Controls window gives the user the ability to import dispersion picks made using other analysis software into SeisOpt ReMi Disper module for shear wave velocity modeling fo SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Open Model File Save Model File Wax 0 5 Mo Steps 20 Open Dispersion File Save Dispersion File Max 2500 0 Step 12 0 Convert File SASW no header file Velocity wavelength Pairs Choose this option and read in appropriate file for conversion Choose one of the following file types Create 2D Profile VelocitFrequency Pairs Ava for conversion duit
34. three analyses windows from this step 11 Repeat this process until all the picks are matched Figure 54c Usually the last few longer period picks are least constrained since the sample the deepest part of the model There is bound to be trade off between the layer velocity and the interface depth especially for the deeper layers Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 54 of 79 12 Once you are satisfied with the picks add a layer to the bottom of the model Adjust the velocity of the deepest layer and the one above it and see if you can improve the picks lt 2 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window ENX amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles DER File View File View Add Layer Delete Layer 656 1 uto scale Mods Update Plots os SeisOpt RjReMi TM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMpicks txt File View Figure 54b The next step is try fitting the middle period picks Adjust the middle layer velocity and interface depth to achieve this Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 55 of 79 amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window OX amp seisopt RyReMi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles EBX File View File View Add Layer Delete Layer Max 0 5 Mo Steps 114 Densitfay j te Ji velocity Ld Bii win 164 00 0 blax 8202 0 Step s Calculate Units Model Mode P Rayleigh Dispersion r meters seconds Standard C QuartervWave Approx ie feet seconds C Advanc
35. txt which can be read into ReMi Disper 4 1 2 Dispersion Curve Window This window will open up below the Controls window When first opened this will have a blue line showing the modeled dispersion curve Figure 48 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper DispersionCurve E B File View Velocity misec 40 0 to 3000 0 Minimum amp maximum frequency period values of the velocity axis i and velocity values 1114805 Cursor displays Figure 48 Dispersion Curve window of the ReMi Disper module This window displays the modeled and picked dispersion values Unlike the p f image Figure 34 the horizontal axis in this plot is the period inverse of the frequency in seconds and the vertical axis is phase velocity in meters second or feet second depending on the units chosen in the Controls window see Section 4 1 1 The minimum velocity and minimum period maximum frequency are at the left lower corner of the plot Velocities and period increase linearly in the vertical and horizontal direction respectively The maximum and minimum values of the period frequency and velocity are displayed on the screen Changing the limits in the Control window Figure 47 Section 4 1 1 can change these values Moving the cursor anywhere in the window will display the frequency period and velocity values When the picked dispersion values are imported into the ReMi Disper module they will be displayed as f
36. using ReMi Vspect module Double click on the ReMiDisper desktop icon Figure 2b to start the Disper module The module consists of three separate windows shown in Figures 47 48 and 49 The objective is to model the picked dispersion curve red filled squares in Figure 48 by clicking and dragging the shear wave velocity profiles red lines in Figure 49 so that the calculated dispersion curve blue lines in Figure 48 matches the picks red squares The control window Figure 47 can be used to toggle between different units meters second or feet second control the depth of the model and magnify the image to better view and model the variations in the dispersion curve 4 1 Description of ReMi Disper Module Windows The Disper module has three windows and they are described in detail in the following sections 4 1 1 Controls Window This will open up at the top left hand corner of the screen Figure 47 It contains functions that control the plot parameters of the other two windows read write functionality and parameters that control the convergence and sampling criteria of the modeling algorithm The following is a description of the parameters e Period gt Min Minimum period in seconds of the dispersion curve being modeled This will control the horizontal axis in the Dispersion Curve window Figure 48 gt Max Maximum period in seconds of the dispersion curve being modeled This will control the extent of horizontal a
37. 14 1404716 31 33858368 2 0 0 000 1614 1404716 60 0 2 0 0 000 1614 1404716 Figure 73 Saved model file for traces 1 6 RMmodel01 txt is edited to enter the horizontal distance and elevation of the model location Note that the location is the midpoint of the traces being analyzed e RMmodell 6 txt Notepad It 1S recommended File Edit Format View Help that the maximum Horizontal distance 325 0 0 0 depth in the model and elevation of 1D 0 0 2 0 0 000 218 4383272 files bechansed to model profile 87729668 2 0 0 000 218 4383272 8 2 87729668 2 0 0 000 418 92289792 be the same for all 11 50918672 2 0 0 000 418 92289792 i 11 50918672 2 0 0 000 1031 67982304 1D profiles that go 56 827420640000005 2 0 0 000 1031 67982304 into making the 2D 4 Aiea 27 0 0 000 1589 32075952 O Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 73 of 79 Figure 74 Model file RMmodel16 txt is edited to include the location of the last set of traces that were analyzed traces 31 36 It is also recommended that the maximum depth in the 1D profiles last value in the 1 column Figure 74 be edited so that it is the same in all the files This will ensure that the 2D cross section will be rendered properly The next step is to read in the edited 1D model files and generate a 2D cross section Select the Create 2D profile option under the File menu from either the Controls window or the Model Profiles wi
38. 28 Close the geometry tool by clicking the Close button To get more detailed information on what the observer s and surveyor s reports are select the appropriate entry from Type of Input Geometry above the text field using the pull down menu Figure 29 and click the Show Format button at the bottom of the window 3 SeeOpt AjRebi Vspect 1012 sqy Geometry File Edit Type of Input Geometry Observer s Report Observer s Repat a a E aeration Coords NXY Z Station Coords MZY Ascii Trace Headers Figure 29 Choose the type of input geometry and click Show Format to see the format of the input files needed to apply the geometry 3 4 Step 4 Computing the velocity spectrum for each record p f transformation of the data Once the geometry has been erased or entered for a very crooked line the next step 1s to compute the velocity spectrum This process involves computing a surface wave phase velocity dispersion spectral ratio image by p tau and Fourier transform across all vectors This is described in detail in Louie 2001 see Section 1 0 The resulting image will be in the slowness frequency p f domain To start the process choose Step 4 Compute p f of Each Record from the Vspect Process menu Figure 30 on the window on which the geometry process Step 3 was done To make sure verify that the title bar on the window displays SeisOpt
39. 4 30 953 4665 7209502 O 199s 55540 lve 75478 320 083 664 444000004 20 950166117905481 0 1990737355485177 7547A 4270 Aae6aeadaannnnna Figure 81 ASCII velocity file saved using the Export ASCII file option under the File menu in the 2 D profile window 6 0 Solutions to Possible Problems and Other Useful Information It is possible to encounter some problems while running SeisOpt ReMi software mostly because of memory issues or using incorrect file formats Below we list some trouble shooting tips 6 1 Authorizing the license SeisOpt ReMi will not run without a valid license and registration Follow the steps outlined in Section 2 0 The licensing software used by ReMi uses hidden files to keep track of the license If an unlimited license ever becomes disabled it is probably because one or more of the hidden files was inadvertently removed possibly by a hard disk utility program For example this is known to happen when running Speed Disk a de fragmentation utility included in Symantec s Norton Utilities This also happens while running Norton Anti Virus Utility Loss of these files will result in the loss of license to run SeisOpt ReMi To prevent these losses do the following Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 77 of 79 1 Open Speed Disk and choose File Options Customize and Unmovable Files 2 Specify that the ENT RST KEY and 41S files cannot be moved 6 2 Transferring the license
40. 4 www optimsoftware com Page 12 of 79 Pon Open Binary File Binary file ClOptimiremivalidemoRh 01 1 2 A will replace the current data df one Plane SeisOptth RemMicTh V3 0 Yspect Begin vi lt gt Hinary File Type 5EG Y l l l The field record numbers can First Field Record Mo ta Read n be erased and left blank This n anoa will ensure all data is read in W 3600 byte Reel Header Block Present Trace Data Type 32 bit Integer Traces to Analyze i 24 Enter the number of traces or channels equal to number of geophones to be analyzed For the demo data set this should be changed to 36 Read Binary File Cancel Figure 13 SEG Y data verification window The default trace data type 32 bit integer may needed to be changed only if the SEG Y data is created by a process other than the one described in Section 3 1 1 Trace Data Type 32 bit integer T Tanoe IEEEWava Float races to Analyze IBM Float 32 bit Integer lt 16 bit Integer 32 bit Int wl Gain Figure 14 Different Trace Data Type can be chosen using the pull down menu Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 13 of 79 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim remiv30 demo RM2011 sgy E BK File Edit View YVspectProcess Windows Plane Index 0 T atl gt io Eeee Use the Plane Index scroll TA ESEE h Cpa Vennvoidenonii2d T TS gY bar to view all the records th
41. 5126 fo 4674 017 1386042 026 05694 doy 096276 of 961411 099 542209 Figure 64a Import the calculated dispersion file RMcalcdis txt in this case into MS Excel to plot the dispersion curve Figure 65 The blue color filled columns are the imported picks The Period and Velocity values are calculated Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 67 of 79 Lo L T m m j T1 SLR LORIE HLT E RATE GT GAT Trt 1450 2 1000 ave Phase Velocity ft s igh W T D m Ravlei F J Cn L La mm mm U2 0 3 U4 Period s Figure 65 Dispersion curve plot created using the graph module of MS Excel The example file RM_dis xls included in the demo directory produces this plot Pon SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Open Model File Save Model File Max 10 5 No Steps 20 Open Dispersion File Save Dispersion File Max 2500 0 Step 12 0 Units Model Mode meters seconds Standard Convert File d Create 2D Profile C feet seconds C Advanced Wax Depth 200 0 Auto scale Model Update Plots Click to quit ReMi module Figure 66 Click on Quit to exit the ReMi Disper module E E xi Save Model Before Closing Pe Cancel kLELLLLLLELELLLLLELLLLLELELLL Figure 67 Click Yes to save model file or No to quit without saving Click Cancel to continue using Disper Use the Qui
42. 80 The plot settings can then be changed and the image rendered accordingly Choosing the Export as JPEG Image option allows the user to save the 2D image as a jpeg file The program also offers the option of saving the velocity grid as a 3 column ASCII file with first column being the horizontal distance second column being the elevation and third the velocity value at that location Figure 81 This file can be imported into drawing programs like Surfer to create contoured images of the velocity model B 2dprofile txt WordPad Velocity value LE TLL Elevation E 0 19933535495172 75475 320 83602444000004 a pE E O 1995 5554017275475 320 03 664 444000004 26 9955 5540172 7576 O 1995 55540172 75476 3420 03 664 444000004 Ts 29003322259136 0 19933 55310172 75478 320 83662444000004 2090671096345515 0 199335548172 75478 320 83662444000004 a9 9845007045 19957 O 1995 55540172 75475 320 836602444000004 30 9800 66445152 725 0 1993355318172 75478 320 83662444000004 SL 97 6744189604651 0199335315172 753476 320 83662444000004 dea 97S4e219269105 01993355319172 75478 320 836602444000004 33 970099667774056 0 1993355348172 75478 320 836602444000004 34 96677 74008637874 0 1993355318172 75476 320 836602444000004 S5 96S45514950166 01993355318172 753478 320 83662444000004 36 9601328989036545 0 19933553418172 75476 320 83662444000004 3 r 95681063 122923 019933553459172 75475 320 8366244400000
43. 87 4 Fran H7 A Ata 748 Perind sear ADITA ta 0 A RMS Errar F IBC Site ClassD IBC 2000 1615 1 1 Figure 54f Once satisfied with fits add a deeper layer with a velocity about two times greater than the layer above it and adjust to see the maximum depth of resolution provided by the dispersion picks 20 Unless you have good evidence for a velocity inversion try not to introduce one The governing criteria while modeling the picks should be that the simplest model that fits the data well is the best estimate of the average shear wave velocity 21 As you adjust depths and velocities note that there may be a range of these parameters in each layer that seem to fit the dispersion data equally well These become the indeterminacies of your data There is trade off between the thickness and velocity of for every layer Try to find the two end member combinations of large thickness and high velocity and small thickness and low velocity that both fit the data equally well This will give you limits or bounds of the velocity model 22 To determined the maximum depth to which the dispersion picks can resolve the velocities do the following test Add a layer with a velocity about two times greater than the deepest layer velocity Now vary its depth slowly to see how it affects the picks Determine the depth at which it stops affecting the picks Now take the average of this depth and the depth of layer above This is approximately the deepest the picks
44. AU TTS gy Step zZ 3 4 Frequency Hz 24 930 Artifacts due to truncation fess sec r eter and transformation of other phases do not have the same trend as the dispersion curve Reili Spectral Ratio 0 0 2 5 Figure 33 On completion of the computation the window displaying the velocity spectrum for each record will be open up 2 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim remiv30 demo RM2011 spy Step 2 3 4 Seles File Edit View spect Process Windows Click animate to view all planes in the image Plane Index 6 O a 10 Ania Record Index UDR ery deno WVZ TT S gy Step zZ a Wu 3 Frequency Hz 34 830 Use the scroll bar to view p f images for each processed noise record 0 0 Maximum frequency value entered in the Cursor displays the j pm Eier Vspect processing frequency window slowness velocity at each location ss 5e gimeter Maximum slowness Inverse of the minimum m velocity value entered in A the Vspect processing 00 window Re di Spectral Ratio Figure 34 Step 4 computes the p f image velocity spectrum for each individual record and is stored in individual planes Use the scroll bar to view each one Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 31 of 79 The velocity spectrum is calculated for each record and so the p f image Figure 33 will have the same number of planes as the number of records in
45. BC Site ClassB IBC 2000 1615 1 1 IBC Site ClassB TBG ZUUU TSTS T T Figure 49 Model Profiles window This window is used to interactively model the one dimensional shear wave velocity of the subsurface to match the dispersion picks The figure of the left is the window when used in the Standard mode while on the right is the default window when used in the Advanced model mode e Vertical red lines These are the shear wave velocities for each layer The value is either in meters second or feet second and is set in the Controls window Section 4 1 1 One can manipulate the velocity model by clicking on the line with the left mouse button and dragging the mouse over the plot with the left button held down Each segment of the red line indicating velocity of a particular layer can be move independent of the other As the velocity profile is being changed the synthetic calculated dispersion curve blue line in Figure 48 in the Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 50 of 79 Dispersion Curve window will change The velocity values for each layer are displayed to the right of the red line and they change as the lines are moved Figure 49 Note that in the Standard model mode only the red S wave velocities appear The modeling assumes the subsurface has a Vp Vs ratio of 1 73 If the ratios are known to be different for the site under investigation or if reliable P wave velocities are available from re
46. Display site Code button 2 cend this site code that appears along with your company name to Figure 5 License configuration window for ReMi Disper module displaying the Site Code 5 Send this site code to Optim by email support optimsoftware com phone 775 784 6613 or fax 775 784 1833 This same Site Code will reappear each time the license configuration window is opened until a Site Key is entered 6 Upon receiving your Site Code Optim will generate a Site Key and send it to you Enter this Site Key in the blank line below the site code and click Validate 7 Each time you run ReMi Disper a small window briefly appears Figure 6 describing the status of the license then closes and the program starts DO NOT hit ENTER RETURN when this window appears Disper Module Part of SeisOpt ReMi V3 0 Unlimited license Press lt Enter gt to configure your license Figure 6 License check window appears each time ReMi Vspect or ReMi Disper module is run 8 SeisOpt ReMi will not run on any other computer without obtaining another Registration Key and Site Key or authorization to transfer the license sees Section 6 2 2 2 3 Preventing loss of license SeisOpt ReMi Disper module software protection mechanism works by storing hidden files in the PC As a result the user should make sure these files are not erased during disk de fragmentation or Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 7 of 79 whi
47. Figure 3 displaying the Registration Code Send this code along with your company name and address to Optim via email to support optimsfotware com phone or fax DO NOT quit the registration window until after you have entered the registration key Else you will not be able to run this module A registration key will be returned which you will need to enter to authorize the program On successful registration window will either automatically close or you can close the window Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 5 of 79 eo CAWINDOWSystem37 cmd exe Co 0Ontimshemituth Shins iaua en usnect 3H jar register Registration code 1971 1597 81 Pease ene tie anote registration key to supportPoptimsoftware com to obtain a registration key Do not close this window or press any keys until you have completed your registration and obtained the registration key associated with your registration code Registration key Email this code to support optimsoftware com DONOT close the window until you enter the registration key Figure 3 A command MS DOS window opens up with the Registration Code 2 2 2 Authorizing SeisOpt ReMi Vspect and Disper Modules The next step is to authorize the license for SeisOpt ReMi Vspect and Disper modules Note that you can do the authorization and registration at the same time That is send the registration key Section 2 2 1 and site code at the same time to Optim To do
48. File Edit _ 3 4 5 5 7 5 _ Lo EIEE Gy So OC Se ES ER A lO OS C a4 0 10 CIEE pE E BS ol OC Gy RR E E E PS E A pE 0 r B Z Insert Format Freg Hz b2 5 41 566667 Deg 25 20 633535 1705714 15 625 13 8506909 Fas 11 36364 10 41667 9 615355 0 92057 0 333333 atl rue fogs apne a badd dd b 570947 b 25 5 952301 5 601518 5 454705 5 208333 oI 4 007692 4 62963 4 464256 4 310545 4 166667 4 032250 Data a OD A Gy PS Ee E DR OCD OO Oy wR FS Og E NA E Ee OO E 0 016497 606 0 0153331536 0 012717695 0 010394155 0 0095360219 0 008550054 0 007729296 0 006981805 000E F33241 0 006065275 0 005517254 0 005630117 0 005477 66g 0005344127 0 005220931 0 005102323 0004906224 0004570823 0 004756112 0 O04b42525 U OU45 50684 0004421355 0 004315064 0 004212012 0 004112069 0004014959 0 003920363 0 003527 808 0 0037 Shes 0 003647 156 Window Help 0 3 00 i 0 016 0 024 0 032 0 04 0 04g 0 056 0 064 0 072 0 06 0 059 0 056 0 104 0 112 012 0 125 0 136 0 144 0152 0 16 0 168 0 176 0 154 0 192 IF 0 200 0 216 0 224 IFE 0 24 0 24 slowness sim Period s Velocity ft s 198 0665221 213 967976 257 971274 315 636037 350 4862152 303 679409 424 462905 469 907167 509 976246 540 647912 563 974576 a ee 595 941002 613 907525 625 393615 643 001175 657 97 2037 673 561769 669 507161 OB be4663 r24 120257 T42 03493 r60 3123247 r r0 91
49. Hz 24 956 Slowness sec meter 0 01 0 0 Averaged ReMi Spectral Ratio 25 Figure 55 Example p f image showing the dispersion picks for a model with velocity reversal f SeisOpt R Rebi TH Disper Dispersion Curve JOf E Velocity Asec 559 5 to 2999 9 Period sec 0 016 to 0 48 Figure 55a Dispersion picks red squares made from the p f image shown in Figure 55 and the fits blue line produced by the model shown in Figure 55b Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 59 of 79 Model Profiles fe Fa i Delete Layer shear Velocity Etr sec 885 8000000000001 1410 7 ags S000000000001 lal3 3 oo 2034 100000000000 Y30 1062 9 NMEHRP D Figure 55b Shear wave velocity model with velocity reversal obtained by fitting the picks shown in Figure 55a 4 2 1 Using the Advanced Model Mode This version of ReMi allows the user to use P wave velocity information if available to improve the accuracy of the modeled shear wave profile e In the Standard model mode SeisOpt ReMi Disper assumes that the Vp Vs ratio is 1 73 This is may not be necessarily true for all soil types For example very soft clays are known to have Vp Vs ratios of over 5 e If P wave velocities for the site are known from refraction surveys logs etc then they can be used to model the shear wave velocities better e To do so select the Advanced model mode in the Controls Window Figure 56 The P wave
50. LC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 56 of 79 13 Once all the picks are fit that is when the error 1s as low as possible the next step is to fine tune the model 14 Set the Period Min and Max bounds to values outside the range of periods in your picks Move the cursor to the pick location to find out these values For the dispersion picks shown in Figure 54c these might be 0 02 to 0 35 seconds 15 Set the Max Depth to a lower value if needed In this case it was set at 150 feet 16 Click on Auto scale model to automatically scale the Dispersion Curve and Model Profiles window 17 Click on the Update Plots button to register these changes Figure 54d shows the updated windows 18 Click and drag the lower right corner of the Dispersion Curve window to enlarge it if necessary 19 If you wish to fine tune the shallow layers and need to zoom in decrease the Max Depth and the Max Period parameters This will display the shallow layers in greater detail Figure 54e and adjust them to fit the high frequency low period picks better thus decreasing the overall RMS error f SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window OX amp seisopt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles BEE File View File View Period Add Layer Delete Layer hin 0 02 Wax 0 08 Mo Steps 20 ee p Shear Velocity tset Velocity j 160 7 5195 8 3 2 blin blax Step 400 3 Calculate Units Model Mode Raylei
51. Model File Wax 10 35 Mo Steps NS Change this save from calculated Open Dispersion File default 20 eNpersion e Dispersion File Max E 46 8 Step eee curve smoother Units Model Mode blue Convert File Frere C meters seconds Standard Create 2D Profile feet seconds C Advanced CAUIT Max Depth 139 7 ito scale Moc Ready Figure 61 Use the Save Dispersion File option to save the calculated dispersion picks blue line in the Dispersion Curve window 4 4 Making Report Quality Output from the ReMi Disper Module Once the model and dispersion files are saved to a local disk they can be imported into a spreadsheet program like MS Excel to plot the profile and dispersion fits respectively 4 4 1 Plotting the Model Profile The sample spreadsheet RM_mod xls included in the demo sub directory in the SeisOpt ReMi installation directory C Optim ReMiv30 Figure 62 shows the model file after it has been imported into Excel The first columns which are the depths to the layer interfaces have been modified to be negative so the plots are rendered correctly Next use the graph module of MS Excel Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 64 of 79 to plot the profile shown in Figure 63 Make sure to use space delimit option when cutting and pasting the RMmodel txt saved model file file into the spreadsheet EA Microsoft Excel RM_mod xls Arial 10
52. SeisOpt ReMi Vspect and Disper module license can be transferred from one computer to another But the user will still have the Register ReMi by following the instructions in Section 2 0 The transfer process only transfers the licenses but not the registration The transfer should be done before uninstalling SeisOpt ReMi on the old computer Once the license has been transferred SeisOpt ReMi will not run on the old computer Here are the steps to follow for transferring the ReMi license from one computer to another 1 Install SeisOpt ReMi on new computer 2 Putanew floppy disk into the disk drive 3 Click on the SeisOpt ReMi Disper desktop icon Figure 2b A license window will open 4 Go the License menu and choose Transfer in from another computer 5 The program imprints its registration on the disk 6 Now remove the floppy disk and put it into the old computer on which SeisOpt ReMi was installed 7 Start SeisOpt ReMi on the old computer and hit return when the Check License window comes up 8 A license window will open up 9 From the license window go to License menu and choose Transfer Out of Computer Supply the floppy disk path 10 Remove the floppy disk and go back to new computer 11 Click Transfer into Computer to complete the transfer and discard the intermediate imprint files on the floppy disk 6 3 Out of Memory error Memory shortage may cause large SEG Y fil
53. User s Manual SeisOpt ReMi Version 3 0 im software amp data solutions For support contact support optimsoftware com Optim LLC UNR MS 174 1664 N Virginia St Reno NV 89557 0141 USA Phone 775 784 6613 Fax 775 784 1833 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com CONTENTS 10 SeisOpt ReMi Software Overview discissisressecisedessssevacsccseucesrsbsicoansddscesscsatsosusdsssobiestusesssissdeeies 2 0 Installing and Getting Started with SeisOpt ReMi cccccccccssssssscsssssssssssssssssssssscccccccssseees 4 ZL ilnstalline Seis pt REMI secs cicesvescossdsvcensssvevevacsvecescssvecvasiuceenssivevevassevcesdsisicebas usGenseiveeaskscesdsiueeevasineeendeivesevssiceeens 4 2 2 Authorizing and Registering SeisOpt ReMi cccccssssssssssscssscccccccccccccesssssssssccsscsccccccscccecsccsssssssssssssscssooees 5 22L Resterne SCISOPL REMI SOWATE cesaron health nas a A luis dtadeanch tera a 5 2 2 2 Authorizing SeisOpt ReMi Vspect and Disper Modules c cc ccessssssssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaeeeeesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaas 6 2 2 Preve nnn STOSS OL CENS E a a A E N 7 3 0 SeisOpt ReMi Vspect Module wise eine Rh RE UMA 8 3 1 Step 1 Converting importing and visualizing field data cccccccccssssssssssssssssssssscccccccccccccccccsssssssscsssccsssooses 9 Sle Convertine SEG data to SEG Y TOnmMa lst iso sscsntalerqendaosaquatuosagaydoonnciahuentdtadansassehursuaendecapenniemssdondonsnateoasaa
54. a and the Dispersion Curve window will change accordingly Figure 54a Note that the Velocity Step in the Controls Window will also change It is recommended that this value not be changed during processing The only time this might have to be changed is if the shear wave velocities are very low lt 100 m s and if the interactive modeling fails to fit the picked picks If such a situation arises contact support optimsoftware com for suggestions The name of dispersion picks file is displayed on the title bar f e1s0 pt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMpicks txt Bi a Calculated Dispersiogf curve File View Velocity misec 40 0 to 3000 0 Dispersion picks saved from Vspect processing 1054 246 Step 6 is loaded for modeling Figure 52 The dispersion picks are displayed as red filled squares in the Dispersion Curve window SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Sei File Wiew Min 10 02 Wax 0 5 Mo Steps 20 din 164 0 Wax 8202 0 Step 6 5 Calculate Units Model Mode Period Velocity Rayleigh Dispersion C meters seconds Standard C Guartervvave Approx C Advanced Wax Depth 656 1 Auto seale Modell Update Plots Ready Figure 53 Select feet seconds to do the modeling in units of feet second 5 Now click and drag the velocity profile vertical red lines in the Model Profiles window and the layer interfaces
55. ably not imaged Figure 71 i SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window BEE B SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles Baa File View File View Period Add Layer Delete Layer Wiin 0 02 hia Mo Steps 20 ap Densit aice i Shear Velocity tset Velocity F 341 2 Step 4 2 Model Mode Standard C Advanced 2 ia Scale Mode Update Plots I 7 Freg Hz 62 5 to 5 55 Period sec 0 016 to 0 18 RMS Error 5 IBC Site ClassD IBC 2000 1615 1 1 Figure 71 Picks are modeled using ReMiDisper module Note that the maximum depth of constraint is now much less about 60 feet compared to when all traces are used about 150 feet Consequently the deepest layer is not imaged Save Model File Save in E demo ey Eg E RM2019 DAT E RMmodel txt 3 RMpicks ps E RM2020 DAT RMmodel txt_ibe txt RMpicks txt E RM2021 DAT RMpF bin M RMpicks_1 6 jpa S46 RM_dis xls fs RMpF par E RMpicks_1 6 txt 2 RM mod xls RMpicks eps E RMcaledis txt E RMpicks jpg Min 161 7 hax Calculate Units t meters seconds w Rayleigh Dispersion C Quarter Wave Approx feet seconds Wax Depth 199 7 Ready amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMpicks_1 6 txt Sle File View Velocity ftisec 205 3 to 2324 3 J 0 102 56 591 Fewer traces results in the low frequencies not being well defined in the pf image This
56. andard the initial modeling Create 2D Profile C feet seconds C Advanced iuit Wax Depth 200 0 Auto scale Model Llp date Plots Ready Figure 50 Choose the Open Dispersion File option to load the dispersion picks 2 The dialog window shown in Figure 51 will open up Choose the appropriate pick file that was save from the ReMi Vspect module Section 3 6 2 Figure 44 For the demo data this file is RMpicks txt Open Dispersion File Look in E demo t ey E E convtemp te S pmzoi3 caT Sjamzois caT E RMpicks jpg E convtemperr txt E RM2014 DAT RMZ020 DAT RMpicks ps RMZ011 DAT RMZ015 DAT RMZ021 DAT Jempicks txt R RMZ011 eps RMZ016 DAT RMpF bin RM2011 59 RM2017 DAT RMpf par RM2012 DAT RM2018 DAT RMpicks eps 4 7 File name AMpicks txt Files of type All Files Cancel Figure 51 Select the pick file that was created during Step 6 of the Vspect processing sequence 3 The dispersion picks will now be displayed as red filled squares in the Dispersion Curve window Figure 52 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 52 of 79 Use Standard mode for 4 If you wish to model the velocities in feet sec toggle the Units option in the Controls Window to feet per second Figure 53 The velocities displayed in the Model Profile Figure 54
57. are interested in analyzing in hertz The default 25 Hz is the maximum used in analyzing data from 8 Hz geophones and gives some resolution of velocities in the upper few meters If you had used higher frequency phones and were interested in velocities in the uppermost meter you might use a higher value for Fmax Conversely if you had data from lower frequency geophones spread over larger Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 29 of 79 offsets you might make Fmax lower Note that these values can be changed and Step 4 rerun if the energy is observed at higher frequencies e Vmin is the minimum apparent or phase velocity your record might show 200 m s is default It is useful to change this to 100 m s or as in this example to 50 m s Once again this value can be changed after the initial run e Np is the number of different slowness to include in the analysis This defaults to 48 and usually a higher number results in increase of slowness resolution of higher velocities However slowness resolution is a complicated function of frequency the number of traces their spacing and the total offset range Hence in most cases the default value should be sufficient e Analyze All Directions Use this option when computing the p f transformation of noise only or noise and source records This assumes surface waves are coming from ail directions with relation to the ReMi acquisition array Note that if you are anaiyzing records that m
58. at ee Tra seau were converted Each plane is oe lt one record comprising of in this case 36 traces Scroll down to check whether the total recording time 20 48 s in this case is correct 473 51_____ Is 51 Figure 15 a SEG Y data imported into ReMi Vspect module Step 1 b Scroll down the bottom of the data to make sure that the total recording time and the amplitude of the traces are correct An incorrect trace data type will result in very large amplitudes for the traces For example if the SEG Y traces were created by a procedure other than the one described in Section 3 1 1 then it is recommended that the user change the trace data type to either IEEE or IBM float One can detect if the trace data type is correct by looking at amplitude scale Figure 15b of the data Incorrect trace data type will result in amplitudes being very large e g le 8 to le 8 The data will open up as shown in Figure 15 Do the following to check for integrity of the imported data 1 Make sure to scroll down to the bottom of the window to check that the total recording time displayed in seconds is correct for this example it is 20 48 seconds 2 Check the amplitude scale and make sure they are reasonable Incorrect trace data type will result in very large amplitudes Click on the Animate button or use the scroll bar to view all the files records that were converted The SEG Y file should contain all the SEG 2 files
59. be edited to enter the value of the horizontal distance of the midpoint of the traces being analyzed and the elevation if any at that location For example open RMmodel01 txt Figure 73 Edit the first line and enter the horizontal distance and elevation of the midpoint of the traces being analyzed Since the geophone spacing was 10 feet the midpoint between trace 1 which is at 0 feet and trace 6 which is at 50 feet will be 25 feet Enter the value 25 0 0 0 since it is flat elevation in the first line Figure 73 Repeat this step for each of the saved model files each time changing the horizontal distance and the elevation values Figure 74 shows the change made for the last model file traces 31 36 file RMmdoel16 txt The horizontal distance for this will be 325 feet Edit the first line to enter the horizontal P RMmodel01 txt Note distance and elevation E gt RMmodel01 txt Notepad File Edit 9 Formate vert He af the 1D madel SOD View Help ae N weZ 0 0 000 320 83662444 Y ae OO 320 83662444 2 87729668 2 0 0 000 320 83662444 e a eur 0 T 2 87729668 2 0 0 000 342 19161199999996 2 87729668 2 0 0 000 342 19161199999996 11 50918672 2 0 0 000 342 19161199999996 11 50918672 2 0 0 000 342 19161199999996 11 50918672 2 0 0 000 609 97049196 11 50918672 2 0 0 000 609 97049196 31 33858368 2 0 0 000 609 97049196 31 33858368 2 0 0 000 609 97049196 31 33858368 2 0 0 000 1614 1404716 coa 2 0 0 000 16
60. be Illustrator and Corel Draw Version 7 0 or less This format is useful because unlike other graphics formats text and other elements of the image are preserved as discrete objects e g text is still text not a raster image of text which makes subsequent editing and customization of these files very easy To view and or print these files a program capable of reading EPS format files is needed If you do not have such a program you can download a set of free ones called GhostScript Copyright Aladdin Enterprises and GSView Copyright 2000 Ghostgum Software Pty Ltd from www cs wisc edu ghost GS View is the visual interface to GhostScript It allows viewing printing and manipulating the PostScript file for importing into an MS WORD document see Section 3 7 1 1 GhostScript GS View can also be used to convert the EPS file into BMP GIF PDF and several other formats In addition a quick Internet search will reveal that there are several shareware programs available that allow EPS files to be converted to GIF or BMP format files To write out a PostScript file choose the Write PostScript File option from the File menu Figure 46 A dialog window will open up Choose an appropriate name with the ps extension on SeisO pt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim ReMiv30 demo RM 011 sey Step 2 3 4 5 eis Edit View Yspect Process Windows Close Window Ctrl See ges p emo Soy Step F Frequency Hz 34 830
61. cccccccccscsssssssssssssscccccccccccscsccssssssscsscsscscoooes 32 3 0 Step 6 Pick and Save DISPersiOMs siccssceacececesciecssasc de coucteccustecssadesexecaeunesbsccecesseswaereseevackussoduconse N NE 34 IOL Pickims he DIS persi On CUT Ve vx saescinra E oes anen A E EE E 35 510 2 EX poOrntimo and Savne PICKS ae E TE TEE I E E T 40 3 7 Making Report Quality Output of Velocity Spectrum mage ccccsssssssssscccccccccccccccssssssssssssssscssssooes 42 3 1 Creatine Output Velocity Spectrum Magessa a a T a a A 42 3 7 1 1 Importing PostScript files into an MS WORD document n eonnnnneneooneoseessosseesnesseessessesssesssesseess 43 4 0 SeisOpt ReMi Disper module eescescsocosecsecccccccesecsossocoscocccsccsecececccccossessesscecscccccccesecsossssesssseese 46 4 1 Description of ReMi Disper Module WindOWS ssssssssssecececccccccccscsssssccccecoccccccssssssecccccececceccscsssssscccccceceeessssso 46 Ak OMUEOIS WNdOW ranere ae e E E TEN V V 46 4 1 la Importing dispersion picks from third party SOftWALEC ccccccccecccceccececeesesseseseeeceeeeeeeeeeessaaaaaesseseeeeeeeess 48 4 1 2 Dispersion Curve Window cerir a aren e N E a T 49 4 t3 Mod l Profiles WindO Wecare a a dead N E N oh tens 50 4 2 Interactive Modeling using ReMi Disper seeeeeeeeccscsssssseecccececcccccccsssssececccceccecocosssssseccceccccoceccsssssssssecccceceeessssss 51 A Using the Advanced Model Mode ssnin aaa ina a a ademas 60 Opt
62. d centering of all the traces in the records gt SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 sgy Sele File Edit View ESTs tiers Windows Step 1 a Open non SEG Y and non SEG 2 Seismic Records Step 1 6 Open SEG Y Seismic Records Plane In OAR LF Step 2 Pre Processing Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry Step 4 Compute p f of Each Record Step 5 Combine Record p fs Step 6 Pick and Save Dispersion Figure 20 Pre processing of imported microtremor data Trace equalization gain includes applying an automatic gain control whose length equals the number of time samples per traces on all the traces The centering function averages out any deviations or spikes in the data Most records will provide a more coherent velocity spectrum if a trace equalization gain is applied first This prevents high amplitude near offset traces from dominating the spectra Once the pre processing is completed the pre processed data Figure 21 will be displayed in the same window as the original data The title bar on this window will indicate that the process has been completed by displaying SeisOpt ReMi V3 0 Vspect SEG Y filename Step ie Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 22 of 79 ie SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 sey Step 2 Seles Plane lndecd oO 4 a Title bar indicates the processing stage 3 2 1 Writing out Pre Processed Data to disk If you wish to save the pre processe
63. d data and save it to disk use the Write Binary File under the File menu Figure 22 amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 sgy Step 2 E B File Edit WEW Yspect Process Windows Close Window Convert SEG Files to SEGY i fl 4 Write Postacript File Ctrl F Write JPEG File it ty AL Aik E lo i i i i l 1H Write Binary File Ctrl B Append to Binary File Ctrl D Write Sound File Ctrl u i A i i WT IN Ii ii i Te i i l Write Ascii File Colts E Figure 22 Use the Write Binary File option under the File menu to write out the pre processed data in SEG Y format Provide the desired file name making sure not to overwrite any existing files in the directory in the dialog window with a SGY extension since the output file will have be in the SEG Y format Choose the SEG Y option for the binary file type and 32 bit integer for the trace data type Figure 23 Click on Create Binary File button to save the file to disk a Creating Binary File D Optim ReMitdemo Ea Binary File Type SEG Y Trace Data Type M Coords will be lation degrees lid Ris headers without source coords Create Binary File Cancel Figure 23 Select SEG Y for the file type and 32 bit integer for the data type and click
64. done wiewinFrame displaying 5136 element plane in new frame MiewinFrame done ReMi Version 3 1 Copyright 24 June 2002 by John N Louie ReMi vspectPlanes computing velocity spectral image of each plane V ement volume with dt 8 8820 dx 3 8648 fmax 35 86 uvmin 56 60 np 48 spect processing TRG RR ee Se ee ee ee Ree progress indicator de 3 done wcpectPlanes plane 1 of ii done windowof windowing 3413 elements and 36 vectors From plane with v 8 dv 1 el de 3 done wcpectPlanes plane 2 of 11 done windowof windowing 3413 elements and 36 vectors From plane with v 8 dv 1 el de 3 done wspectPlanes plane 3 of 11 done Figure 32 The progress of the p f transformation will be displayed in the MS DOS window e x a e Jana 2A n 70 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 30 of 79 3 4 2 Visualizing Results of ReMi Vspect Processing The Velocity Spectrum p f image Once the vspect processing is completed a window displaying the p f image will open up We are looking for trends of high spectral ratio that slope down to the right giving lower phase velocities at higher frequencies as is typical of surface wave dispersion seisOpt RjReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optimiremiv30 demoiRM 011 sey Step 2 3 4 Sele do s Surface wave dispersion amplitudes always trend from the upper left corner to the lower right of the ke o 0 4 10 Animate A p f image OpINFenNVa deano KH
65. ed Wax Depth 656 1 uto scale Modi Update Plots 5 SeisOpt R ReMi IM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMpicks txt BEA File View Velocity fisec 131 2 to 9842 5 1988 1 Fit the longer period picks by adjusting the deeper layer ote Ihat the RMS rror is Pare now f0 whereas in Figure 54a it was 186 IBC Site ClassD IBC 2000 1615 1 1 Freg Hz 62 5101 66 Period sec 0 016 to N RMS Error 10 Figure 54c Lastly fit the longer period picks by adjusting the deeper layers 2 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window C X amp seisopt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles Seg File View File View Add Layer Delete Layer T Shear Velocity ftisec Min 162 7 Step 15 2 Calculate Units Model Mode Rayleigh Dispersion C meters seconds e Standard C Quarter VWave Approx feet seconds Advanced f 830 0 E SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Cu rve RMpicks txt l olx File View Velocity sec 244 8 to Decrease the maximum depth of the model and the maximum period to zoom in to the model profiles and dispersion picks 1988 1 Freg Hz 62 5 to 2 38 Period sec 0 016 to 0 42 RMS Error 10 Figure 54d Decrease the Max Depth parameter and the maximum velocity value so that the model profile is magnified in the Model Profiles window The maximum period can also be adjusted to match the data available Optim L
66. ed using planes O 4 6 and 8 When you make the selection make sure that the desired plane is highlighted in blue and the Ctrl key is pressed down when selecting multiple planes The option to choose the pf images that go into the combined image allows the user to exclude records that might have incoherent dispersion response or ones that show too many artifacts masking the continuity of the dispersion energy For example in the demo only four out of the eleven records seem to have a dispersion curve that was coherent and continuous across a wide frequency band Consequently only those four were used to produce the combined pf image Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 32 of 79 fas SeisOpt A Rebi TM 2 0 spect dat0001 sgy Step 2 3 4 lo x File Edit View PETELE Windows pja Step 1 Open Seismic Records ammen Step 2 Pre Processing Step 2 4 24 902 2 0 Record Ingest 0 0 Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry 0 0 Step 4 Compute p f of Each Record ness sec meter Rehdi Spectral Ratio 0 0 2 5 Figure 35 Choose Combine Record p fs to combine individual p f images into one image pf selection Select the planes to be included in processing Use all planes O Use selected planes Figure 35a Choose either all records or select the records to be used to create the combined p f image Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 33
67. elocity in Can be ch dif Fmax Hz 3 39 0 Yenin imisi 50 0 the investigation area in m s It a of eer based sets the axis limits of the p f P RE E O os tance Mp iint 4g image and can be changed if it on the p f image is too low or too high Select for noise records or Analyze onward Only vSpect noise and source combined Reverse Only Choose for shots recorded in Choose for shots recorded in Cancel the reverse direction only the forward direction only source near last geophone source near 1 geophone Figure 31 Set the parameters and click the vspect to start computing the p f image for each record On choosing this step the dialog window shown in Figure 31 will open up Note that if the geometry has been entered correctly see Section 3 3 2 then the window shown in Figure 31 will not have the dx entry it will be automatically read in from the trace header information Hence it 1s important to enter the geometry correctly If you are unsure about the geometry it is recommended that it be erased see Section 3 3 1 from the trace headers and enter and average geophone spacing before performing the Vspect processing The settings in the dialog window are as follows e dtis the time sampling interval in seconds For this example it was 2ms 0 002 s e dx is the geophone spacing in meters For this example the spacing was 10 feet or 3 048 meters e Fmax is the maximum frequency you
68. ency Hz 49 804 0 0 g Slowness sec meter 0 01 i a RS 70115 7 2 Figure 41a Example p f image showing a kink in the dispersion curve indicative of a velocity reversal 10 If you are picking p f images created from a source Forward Only or Reverse Only options used for Analysis see Section 3 4 1 then you need to pick the peak of the dispersion curve as shown in Figure 41b 0 0 Frequency Hz 24 525 0 0 Slowness sec meter 0 01 0 0 3 0 ReMi Spectral Ratio Figure 41b When picking the p f image generated from using sources then the picks need to be made along the peak amplitude and not the low energy bound 11 Save the p f image as a binary file SGY using the Write Binary File option under the File menu See Section 3 2 1 for details Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 39 of 79 12 Optim recommends and encourages users to send their first data set and any difficult data set to support optimsoftware com We will perform the analysis and train you on how to pick and or verify whether the picks you made are correct 3 6 2 Exporting and Saving Picks Now that the picks have been made the next step is to export and save them to a file These picks can then be imported into the SeisOpt ReMi Disper module Section 4 0 for interactive modeling of the one dimensional shear wave velocity To export the picks choose Pick and Save Dispersion option
69. er Save Last Directory Button Bar Fit Window to Page Quick Open Select EPS Clip and Show ee Bounding Box from this menu IL Ip EFS Wam Ignore DSC w Show Bounding Box R HERE Make sure this is not selected Figure 46a After opening the PostScript file using GS View make sure the EPS Clip and Show Bounding Box options are set as shown above 5 Go to the File menu and select PS to EPS option Figure 46b Eile Edt Options Miew Orientation Media Help mm Open Select File Save Ags Close Info A sain a Convert Extract PS ta EPS Print E Print File Show Messages hi 1 C OptimsReMiv20demosptimage ps 2C hitplot_2ay epes SC Avelplot eps 4A AIO11 1d eps Exit Figure 46b Choose PS to EPS and convert the PostScript image to Encapsulate PostScript format 6 Make sure the option Automatically calculate Bounding Box is selected as shown in Figure 46c PS to EPS Have you read help PS ta EPS Tes Figure 46c Select the option Automatically calculate Bounding Box in the dialog box Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 44 of 79 Provide a filename with the eps extension Read in the saved EPS file You will notice that the Bounding Box dashed box now surrounds only the image 10 Now go to the Edit menu and choose Add EPS preview option a
70. er of the way down would be 0 005 s m or 200 m s and so on The top row of the plot represents infinite velocity or an arrival simultaneous at all the geophones Details about how to pick the dispersion curve from the p f image are given in Section 3 6 The important thing to note is that the Rayleigh wave dispersion trends from the top left to the lower right while the aliasing and wavefield truncation artifacts track from left to right 3 5 Step 5 Combining Individual p f Records into one Image The next step in the ReMi Vspect processing sequence is to combine the p f image created for each record into one image This can be achieved by choosing Step 5 Combine Record p fs from the Vspect Process menu Figure 35 The window shown in Figure 35a will open up The user has the option of either using all the records or choosing the ones to be used to create the combined p f image To use all the records click on the Use all planes radio button and click Ok To select the records to be used in the summation click on Use selected planes and choose the planes or records to be used by keeping the Ctrl key pressed while clicking on the appropriate Planes Figure 35b Remember that Plane 0 corresponds to Plane 0 in the p f volume created during Step 4 Figure 34 Plane 1 corresponds to Plane 1 of the p f image and so on The combined p f image shown in Figure 35b was creat
71. erpolating between the each 1D profile in depth More the samples smoother the model in depth e Velocity The default maximum and minimum values in the velocity model are displayed in the window The velocity limits can be changed to according to user needs Figure 79 shows the 2D cross section One can click anywhere on the image to view the location and the velocity value The amplitude scale can be adjusted to bring display the desired features better In this case the maximum and minimum values were change to 1 500 ft s and 300 ft s to bring out the low velocity shallow layer and higher velocity material to the right 2 D Profile Seles Click on the image to view the velocity z a T a 2 ay a distance ft shear velocity ft s Figure 79 2D cross section created along a 36 geophone array with 10 feet geophone spacing f 9 D Profile File Export as JPEG Image Export as ASCII File Figure 80 Choose Change Settings to open the dialog window and change the plot parameters Select Export as JPEG Image to save the model as a jpeg file and choose Export as ASCII File to save the write out the ASCII velocity values and its horizontal location and elevation within the subsurface Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 76 of 79 The plot parameter window Figure 78 can be viewed by selecting Change Settings from the File menu in the 2 D Profile window Figure
72. es not to be displayed by the ReMi Vspect module If such a scenario arises an Out of memory error message will be displayed on the console MS DOS window If this happens send email to support optimsoftware com mentioning the amount of RAM available on your PC A replacement vspect and disper script will be sent to you for your use 6 4 Cannot Find Root Error This error might occur when the velocity limits for the model in the Controls window of the ReMi Disper module are set to be inside the limits of the profiles displayed in the Model Profiles window For example if the minimum velocity was set to be greater than minimum velocity in the profile and the maximum velocity less than the maximum velocity of the profile then a Cannot find root error will appear in the Dispersion Curve window The Model Profiles window will not display a velocity model no red lines To avoid this make sure the velocity limits are outside the maximum and minimum velocities in the Model Profiles window Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 78 of 79 6 5 ReMi Disper Module Shape of the Calculated Dispersion Curve As shown in the examples included in the manual the calculated dispersion curve blue line the Dispersion Curve window should be smooth Sometimes the curve might display sharp changes especially towards the edge of the windows This is an artifact of the limits placed o
73. ethods requiring geometric information will make use ofthe labels on the vectors and planes as defined inthe Plot Parameters window and shown on the data display Figure 26 The message window above appears Click OK to erase all geometry information 3 3 2 Applying Geometry to Trace Headers for Crooked line ReMi survey If the survey line is very crooked and there are rapid elevation changes then the correct geometry must be applied To do so the user needs to create the observer and surveyor s reports in plain text using Wordpad and copy and paste the text into the text area of the Geometry tool Figure 25 First create an observer s report according to the format given in the tool You will need one line of observer s report text per record in the order the records were read from the SEG Y file For example if the data has 11 records noise gathers each having 36 channels and the stations are numbered to 36 then the observer s report will have the following lines 36 36 36 36 26 36 36 36 36 36 36 FPrROoODATYNAUBWNE Oo PRPPPRPRPRPRPEP HEB PRPPPRPRPRPRPP HEB PRPPPRPRPRPRPE HEB Copy it to the clipboard from the text editor like Wordpad and paste it to the Geometry tool s text area Make sure the Type of Input Geometry is set to Observer s Report Figure 27 and click the Apply button below Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 25 of 79 oo e1s0 pt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect
74. fraction surveys logs etc then the Advanced model mode can be used Horizontal black lines These indicate the layer interface depths Clicking the left mouse on any interface and dragging the mouse over the plot with the left mouse button held down will change the depth of the layer The depth value is shown on top of each interface towards the left of the plot Figure 49 Blue vertical line The blue vertical line towards the left of the plot indicates the density within each layer They are assumed to be of a constant density of 2 0 g cc for all the layers This can be changed if reliable density values are available For most soil types it has been shown that density variations are within 5 to 10 of 2 0g cc and these have negligible effect on the shear wave velocity profile But if density values are available they should be used for modeling the shear wav velocity profile Green vertical line These are the P wave velocities for each layer The value is either in meters second or feet second and is set in the Controls window Section 4 1 1 These appear only when the Advanced model mode is selected in the Controls window and should be used only when reliable P wave velocity information is available like from refraction surveys logs etc Using accurate P wave velocity will lead to a more accurate shear wave S wave velocity profile One can manipulate the velocity model by clicking on the green line with the left
75. from the Vspect Process menu Figure 42 This will open up the pick window shown in Figure 43 on SeisOpt R ReMi TM 3 0 Vspect RM2011 sgy pf analysis File Edit View BRENT eee rs Windows Step 1 a Open non SEG Y and non SEG 2 Seismic Records BEC Say p ae Be Step 1 6 Open SEG Y Seismic Records Step 2 Pre Processing 0 0 0 0 Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry Step 4 Compute p f of Each Record Step 5 Combine Record p ts Step 6 Pick and Save Dispersion ness sec meter Figure 42 Choose the Pick window option to display and save the dispersion picks Click on the Save button to bring up the dialog box shown in Figure 44 Choose a file name for the picks Giving it a txt extension will allow the file to be viewed using Wordpad or Notepad Clicking on Erase All will erase all the picks The picks that are displayed in the window are ordered according to the order the picks were made You can delete any unwanted picks by highlighting it and clicking the keyboard Delete button Figure 43a When deleting picks make sure that are no blank lines Figure 43b between pick entries in the pick window It is recommended that it is best to erase all the picks and start over if you are unsure of any picks The best way to pick the dispersion curve is to follow the trend in one sitting Once the picks have been saved you are now ready to perform interact
76. gh Dispersion C meters seconds Standard r Quarter Wave Approx i feet seconds r Advanced Max Dept _ wto scale MoH Update Plots Ready 2 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 D sper Dispersion Curve RMpicks txt QE File View Velocity fisec 178 0 to 2863 7 aog aall I Change maximum depth and This will be also written out to maximum period to zoom in and model the shallow layers better directory containing the picks mam ZO Looe cert OT Freq He 62 5t0 10 41 Period see 0016100008 RMS Eror Wooo O 8C SiteCTassD IBC 2000 1615 1 1 Figure 54e Decrease Max Depth in Controls Window to zoom in to the shallow layers in order to fine tune them Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 57 of 79 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Sele 2 SeisOpt R ReMi TM 3 0 Disper Model Profiles Sil Ed File View File View Add Layer Delete Layer Max 0 35 No Steps Tiste S Shear vetority tse 3 ER Max s1 gr d Step Ag Units Model Mode Rayleigh Dispersion C meters seconds f Standard 1135 1 0 Quartervvave Approx feet seconds o Advanced l Max Depth 499 5 uto scale Modi Update Plots a S Ready velocity about SeisOpt R ReMi TM 3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMpicks txt l fol two times File View higher than Velocity tisec 147 9 ta 5237 4 E 1988 4 deepest layer velocity in model Adjust its depth to test maximum depth resolution of picks Ys 7
77. hat are being converted are recorded along one profile Note that for this example the data files RM2011 DAT to RM2021 DAT residing in the subdirectory demo was chosen on Select SEG Seismic Records Files Look In Clemo rs A E a RM2011 DaT RM2018 DAT Y RM2012 DaT 4 RM2019 DAT RM2013 DAT RM2020 DAT RM2014 DAT RM2021 DAT RM2015 DAT RM2016 DAT 4 RM2017 DAT File Name 4017 DAT SRM2Z015 DAT RM2Z019 DAT RM2Z020 DAT RM2021 DAT Files of Type All Files Open Cancel Figure 9 Choose all the SEG 2 files to be converted and click Open If the conversion is successful a window displaying the message Conversion completed will open up Figure 10 convtemperr txt Notepad Fre Conversion Completed Figure 10 On successful conversion the message above will be displayed on a Notepad Wordpad window Any errors that might occur during the conversion are also displayed in this window A SEG Y file SGY extension containing all the files records and which has the name of the first SEG 2 file will be written to the directory containing the SEG 2 files The conversion is almost instantaneous few seconds and so if the window shown in Figure 10 does not appear it indicates a problem in converting the files If this 1s the case try converting one file at a time This will create one SEG Y file for each SEG 2 file The
78. ight contain both noise and source induced energy then this option should be used Forward Only Use this option when computing the dispersion curve for records that were collected using a source that is located near the first geophone Reverse Only Use this option when computing the p f image for records that were collected using a source that was located near the last geophone in the ReMi array Once the parameters are set click the vspect button to start the wavefield p f transformation A moderate sized record can take a couple of minutes and a multi record volume several The progress will be indicated on the original MS DOS or command window Figure 32 Once the computing is completed and the velocity spectrum calculated the window displaying the p f image Figure 33 will open up Note that this is an entirely new window and it is safe to close all other ReMi Vspect windows by clicking Close Window option under the File menu cs CAWINDOWS system37 cmd exe ReMiVspect bat windowof windowing 3413 elements and 36 vectors from plane with vA 6 du i TE de 3 done wspectPlanes plane i of ii done windowof windowing 3413 elements and 36 vectors from plane with vA 8 dv 1 e de 3 done wepectPlanes plane 11 of ii done wspectPlanes Done wiewinFrame displaying 56496 e lement volume of 11 planes in new frame MiewinFrame done max Finding maximum value of 5136 elements
79. ile view Keep SHIFT button e Velocity sec 101 4 to 4826 3 pressed down to adjust P and S wave Pie sai ihe carne profiles independent RMS error by of each other lowering Vs increasing Vp Vs ratio in the shallow layer to account for the Vp constraints ratio 1 73 Freg Hz 62 5 to 2 38 Period sec 0 016 to 0 42 Te RA Cirese I0 gama 1ean Figure 57 The shear wave velocities need to adjus djusted to fit the picks based on the P wave velocity information 4 3 Exporting the Model Profiles and Modeled Dispersion Curve Once the model has been derived the next step is to save it to disk To do so choose the Save Model File option from the File menu Figure 58 A dialog window opens up Figure 59 where the file name for the model can be entered Using a txt extension for the model file will make it easy for it to be opened using a file editor like Notepad or Wordpad The saved model can be read back into the ReMi Disper module by using the Open Model File under the File menu Figure 60 The model will be rendered in the Model Profiles window Make sure you select the desired Units parameter when saving the model The model file output by the ReMi Disper module writes depth and velocities in the selected units on the Controls window The first line in the saved model file indicates whether it is in units of m s or ft s The first column in the file is
80. illed red Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 49 of 79 squares The objective then is to match and overlay the blue line on top of the red squares Section 4 2 describes the modeling process in detail 4 1 3 Model Profiles Window Figure 49 shows the Model Profiles window The window in the Standard model mode is shown on the left while the window in the Advanced mode is shown on the right The default display is a three layer model Click using left mouse button amp click anywhere in the window to add a layer interface f SeisOpt R Reh File View Add Layer Delete Layer Density gitt Shear Velocity msec Layer ent P6O 0 interface depths Changed by moving aPl PX Click using left mouse on Sata button amp click on layer interface to be deleted TET TE Fall Shean Velocity YPN S ratio Default value is 1 73 Change s when P or S wave the black No O O velocity horizontal i A pay on velocities Hold SHIFT changed Change by key down to indepen moving the move S wave dent of red line to the and P wave each left or right profiles other Density independent of values each other Pwave Change by velocities moving the blue line to the right or moving left the green line to the Automatically calculates 100ft average velocity and soul classification as Ys 769 0 is 7600 defined by IBC 2000 I
81. im LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 2 of 79 4 3 Exporting the Model Profiles and Modeled Dispersion Curve cccccccssssssssssssssssssscsscccccccccccccccsssssssssccess 62 4 4 Making Report Quality Output from the ReMi Disper MOodull cccssssssssssccscccccccccccccscccssssssssscecs 64 AA Plotin tne Model PROC x scaratelacsrutatdasaniieisieh a Ea duilautsbieae dust lelnbhuscvascnass 64 AA Plotin tne Dispersion CUT VC Sawicstini cuss eta leinih once vas donload a nels bonadasiea leak neces 66 5 0 Creating 2D Velocity Models Using SeisOpt ReMi ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss 69 5 1 Importing and processing data for 2D amallySis ccccccccssssssssssssssscsccccccccccccccccccssssssssssssscccccccssscsscsssssssssscees 69 SL Assemble 3 2 ross Set UO acs aes ce es ese ase eee eer 73 6 0 Solutions to Possible Problems and Other Useful Information sssssssscccccssssssssssees 77 6l Authorizine th ICONS srunsa iia a ce uceubesacacesedeusexeentansoaceucwebadasecessdecucovecetensts cououesoaveeweas 77 6 2 Iransterrmo the MCenSeis s c cscdsecssxcseceszoccuccdavessacedeus sees onavocdedecswocdevsassuveecteced ovasecesdenececwesusdecedensscesewesnouccesanscseresese 78 03 Out OF Memory Crror orina aaaea aeaa aaaea aaraa aeaa aaa he eee E 78 0A Cannot Find Root Error S a see ee 78 6 5 ReMi Disper Module Shape of the Calculated Dispersion Curve cccccsssss
82. individual SEG Y files can then be read in together in Step 1 of the Vspect processing sequence Section 3 1 2 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 10 of 79 The conversion is performed by the seg2segy routine slightly modified to adapt to Vspect module and is available from the Colorado School of Mines Copyright 1992 1999 The following rules and limitations apply to the conversion e The SEG 2 files should not exceed 16 000 samples per trace For a typical SeisOpt ReMi data acquisition it is sufficient to record for 30 seconds at 2 ms sample interval resulting in 15 000 samples per trace One can record noise for 30 seconds at 2 ms sample interval and the data can be converted using the above module 3 1 2 Importing and Visualizing SEG Y Files Once the SEG 2 files have been successfully converted to SEG Y format the next step is to import and visualize them using the ReMi Vspect module You also use this step to read in individual SEG Y files records that have been recorded in the field To do so go the Vspect Process menu item and choose Step 1 b Open SEG Y Seismic Records as shown in Figure 11 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect Begin With Ste E BJR File Edit view Ws pe ctPracess i wij i d ow 5 Step 1 a Open non SEG Y and non SEG 2 Seismic Rec otep te Open SEG Seismic Records Step 2 Pre Processing Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry Step
83. ive modeling of the one dimensional shear wave velocities using the SeisOpt ReMi Disper module Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 40 of 79 amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim ReM B File Edit 0 94876 827 6041 6 0 0025 00 0 0 90262 9 2 9296 7 0 00291 0 0 0 1 001211 3 5807 8 0 00333 0 0 0 0 94790 12 3 90625 9 0 00375 0 0 0 0 949868 13 4 2317 9 0 003750 0 0 0 85312 14 4 557210 0 00416 0 0 1 0326 16 5 2063 10 0 00416 0 0 0 0 81647 17 5 5336 11 0 00456 00 0 0 59778 185 5 559311 0 00458 0 0 0 0 958169 20 6 5104 12 0 0050 0 0 0 0 92425 22 7 161412 0 0050 0 0 0 0 92475 24 7 612512 0 0050 0 0 0 0 77950 25 8 1380 13 0 00541 00 0 0 92697 28 9 1145 13 0 00541 00 0 0 75402 29 9 4401 14 0 00583 00 0 0 97099 31 10 091 14 0 00583 00 0 0 71272 3310 742 15 0 00624 00 0 0 72067 3411 067 15 0 00624 00 0 0 85176 3611 715 15 0 00624 00 0 OF 7626 38 12 369 16 0 00666 0 0 0 92624 39 12 69516 0 00666 0 0 0 69511 40 13 020 17 0 00708 0 0 0 85829 42 13 671 17 0 00708 0 0 0 74110 43 13 997 18 0 00750 0 0 0 88724 4514646 18 0 00750 0 0 TSE Py S p E Figure 43 Pick window showing the dispersion curve picks made on the p f velocity spectrum image 0 84704 5317 252 20 0 00833 0 0 0 0 866072 5417 578 21 0 00675 00 0 1 1458 56 18 229 21 0 00875 0 0 0 1 1458 56 18 229 21 0 00875 0 0 0 0 81501 60 19 531 23 0 00958 0 0 0 0 81501 60 19 531 23 0 00958 0 0 0 0 856241 6119 856 23 0 00958 0 0 0 0 66241 61 19 856
84. le interval For example if the total recording time is 30 seconds and sampling interval is 2ms then elements per vector 15000 Vectors per plane Number of channels per record all traces recorded NOT the ones analyzed Number of planes Number of records that were combined Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 20 of 79 Once the data is read in displayed you can adjust the plot parameters by reading in the parameter file saved in Figure 19h To do this select the Apply Parameter File option under the Edit menu from the window that displays the records Figure 19 and read in the saved parameter file plot par in this case Save Yiewmat Parameter File 8 03 155 dis xls a Shea Commercial Line 1 9 sqy EY 28 E 03 155 mod xls Shea Line 1 1 sqy sheadis1 El plot par Shea Line 1 4 sqy sheamod iE Shea Commercial Line 1 6 sqy a Shea Line 1 3 sgp sheamocd isa Shea Commercial Line 1 sqy Shea Line 1 4 sqy Ei sheapick shea Commercial Line 1 0 sqy Shea Line 1 5 8gp eal sheapick gt File name plot pal save as type All Files Cancel Figure 19h Save the plot parameters to a file a pen Binary File Binary file CAOptimodonnelhdata_08290 L A will open in a new window controlled by Methods ln Place a gt Make sure the Raw Float Hinary File Type e option is selected Raw Float Check the nu
85. le name AMmodel txt Save as type All Files Cancel Figure 59 Enter the file name for the model to be saved to The IBC soil classification is written out to a file with a suffix ibc txt to the directory that contains the dispersion picks One can also save the modeled calculated dispersion curve blue line in the Dispersion Curve window to a file Figure 61 This is useful if you wish to plot the picked dispersion curve against the calculated dispersion pick using MS Excel see Section 4 5 Note that if you increase the number of steps No Steps parameter in the Controls window from the default 20 to 60 and click Update Plots then more dispersion points will be calculated resulting in a smoother calculated dispersion curve blue line Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 63 of 79 model file 2 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Sel Open Model File Save Model File E Max 0 35 No Steps 60 Open Dispersion File Save Dispersion File Wax 8196 8 Step 1 3 ee nae 5 Units Model Mode C meters seconds Standard Create 2D Profile feet seconds C Advanced CAUIT Max Depth 139 7 ito scale Moc Ready Figure 60 The saved model can be imported into ReMi Disper by using the Open Model File option under the File menu Open Model File Select to Save
86. le running an anti virus scan For example this is known to happen when running Speed Disk a de fragmentation utility included in Symantec s Norton Utilities This also happens while running Norton Anti Virus Utility Loss of these files will result in the loss of license to run SeisOpt To prevent this loss do the following 1 Open Speed Disk and choose File Options Customize and Unmovable Files 2 Specify that the ENT RST KEY and 41S files cannot be moved 3 0 SeisOpt ReMi Vspect Module Double click on the desktop icon shown in Figure 2a to launch the ReMi Vspect module The graphical user interface shown in Figure 7 will open up on Se1sO pt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect Begin With Step 1 File Edit View YespectProcess Windows nthe Reti A oo Vspect Fi Wp step Element Weetor Amplitude Figure 7 Starting graphical user interface of SeisOpt ReMi Vspect module This module contains tools to do the following Convert refraction microtremor data recorded in the field SEG 2 format to SEG Y Import visualize and plot the data Step 1 Perform some pre processing on the data Step 2 Erase or apply geometry to the microtremor records Step 3 Perform wavefield transformation on the data in and generate a velocity spectrum in the slowness frequency domain Step 4 This yields the Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion curve Visualize and plot the velocity spectrum Stack a
87. m LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 34 of 79 3 6 1 Picking the Dispersion Curve The following steps describe the picking procedure 1 The first step in picking the dispersion curve is to identify the normal mode dispersion trend down to the right starting from the upper left and distinct from the aliasing and wavefield transformation truncation artifact trends which are down to the left Make sure you are following the trend of the high spectral ratio band that has the lowest velocity or the highest slowness That is the trend that is towards the bottom of the image Note the velocity and frequency ranges of the identifiable dispersion trend 2 Itis sometimes useful to magnify the image using the Zoom options under the View menu Figure 37 amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim ReMiv30 demo RM2011 sgy Step 2 3 4 5 EBX File Edit Reis vspect Process Windows z00m Image To Pick Window Ctri l About Spect Ctrl 4 Ctrl F ness sec meter Ctrl 2 Averaged Rehii Spectral Ratio om m a E Figure 37 Choose an appropriate Zoom percentage to magnify or shrink the p f image 3 Pick several frequency velocity pairs along the trend by left clicking the mouse on the image Figure 38 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 35 of 79 gt SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim ReMiv30 demo RM2011 spy Step 2 3 4 5 Seles File Edit View YspectProces
88. mber of channels Traces to Analyze 36 traces to be analyzed Bytes to Skip o Number of samples per trace Elements per Vector i s000 total time sample rate where the units for both are same Number of files records being imported Total number of traces channels per record Note that this number Vectors per Plane 38 should be all the traces that are recorded and NOT just the ones Number of Planes A C being analyzed Read Binary File Cancel Figure 19i Read in the combined SEG Y file by selecting the Raw Float option for the binary file type and entering the correct values for elements per vector vectors per plane and number of planes Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 21 of 79 t C 0ptimsowens Shea Commercial 7ipishea_fit File View VepectProcess Windows Flot Parameters Cti E Apply Parameter File Clip at Maxinum Ctrl h Clip at RMS Clip at RMS Ctrl 3 Vert Exagg Erase All Ficks Apply Geometry Ctl G Figure 19j Render the data properly by applying the parameter file saved in an earlier step Now all the records should be displayed properly as separate planes and the Vspect processing can be continued 3 2 Step 2 Pre processing the Data The next step in the SeisOpt ReMi Vspect analysis is pre processing Figure 20 the imported SEG Y data This step is not necessary but is useful to do it It does a trace equalization gain an
89. mp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect RM2011 spy Seles Edit View Yspect Process Vind ows gt Cokvert SEG Files to SEGY SPECE AMeCTLS QY Sequence oe 25 0 Write PostScript File Ctrl P rite Ascii File Ctri S p Sa 25 Figure 19 Write PostScript File option outputs a PostScript file of the data displayed in the user interface while Write JPEG File writes out a jpeg image 3 1 5 Importing Exporting files in another format and combining SEG Y files Use the Step 1 a Open non SEG Y and non SEG 2 Seismic Records option under Vspect Process if you are importing data that is not in SEG Y or SEG 2 format When doing so make sure you choose the correct binary file type option There could also be a situation where you need to combine SEG Y files created by converting group of SEG 2 files using the conversion module into one SEG Y file That is you need to combine several SEG Y files each containing multiple records This Section describes how to do this Read in each SEGY file using the Step 1 b Open SEG Y seismic records option under Vspect Process option From the window that displays the SEG Y record choose the Write Binary File option under the File menu as shown in Figure 19a Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 17 of 79 my Edit View YspectProcess Windows Close Window Cirle yyy t 10 Convert SEG Files to SEGY
90. n 9 3 12 mporn and Visvalizinice SEG X Piles ngrisin o EE e A r aaa 1 31 3 Set ne Plot Parameters of the Imported Data c cs2sc1 210 cas cessseradensiatioensnein a E RE NA 15 5 A Ex ponina Data Files FOr PNDUNE sianar NOE E N 16 3 1 5 Importing Exporting files in another format and combining SEG Y files ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 17 3 2 Step 2 Pre processins the Data cisssececccceccvasaversscdecosexscauepsts coeeucbedevsvsscdaveseuecnden sed cavwusbacevavesececeseueceueecvacsuavebecevewsee 22 3 2 2 Writing out Pre Processed Data 10 d1Sk scintiaaith cadcunenianionasadavecbantioeaaaeaeeeiavsoesesaonion a omnes aoe 23 3 Step 3 Erase or Apply Geometry xi2iicecesceioesacescecscicisiseneab cece seca tacos d saccade asec teeta aa eaaa oaeaeei 24 3 3 1 Erasing Geometry from the Trace Headers Recommended for typical ReMi survey sseeeeeeees 24 3 3 2 Applying Geometry to Trace Headers for Crooked line ReMi survey ccccccccccecccceeeeessseeseeeeeeeeeeees 25 3 4 Step 4 Computing the velocity spectrum for each record p f transformation of the data cccccccsoooes 28 3 4 1 Setting Parameters and Starting ReMi Vspect Processing cccccccccccsssssssssesseeeecceeeeceeeeeeaaaasesssseeeeeeeeess 29 3 4 2 Visualizing Results of ReMi Vspect Processing The Velocity Spectrum p f 1mage seseeeeeeees 31 3 5 Step 5 Combining Individual p f Records into one Tmage
91. n the velocity model period and maximum depth in the Controls Window of the Disper module Change these and click Update If it doesn t make any difference reload the dispersion curve and model file and re render the calculated dispersion curve 7 0 References Louie J N 2001 Faster Better Shear wave velocity to 100 meters depth from refraction microtremor arrays Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Vol 91 347 364 Pullammanappallil S Honjas B Louie J Siemens J A and Miura H 2003 Comparative study of the refraction microtremor method Using seismic noise and standard P wave refraction equipment for deriving 1D shear wave profiles Proceedings of the 6 SEGJ International Symposium January 2003 Tokyo 192 197 Saito M 1979 Computations of reflectivity and surface wave dispersion curves for layered media I Sound wave and SH wave Butsuri Tansa Vol 32 no 5 15 26 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 79 of 79
92. nd select the preview type Windows Metafile or TIFF is the best option Figure 46d Z RM2011 eps GSview Add EPS Preview Interchange Extract EPS TIFF4 f TIFF 6 uncompressed TIFF 6 packbits Windows Metafile User Supplied Preview Measure Convert to vector format Text Extract Find Ctrl F Find Next F3 ReMi TH Ffibr gpP t C OptimRettiv3OdemoRM20LL 2gy Step 2 3 45 Figure 46d Choose the preview format to be Windows Metafile or TIFF 6 uncompressed z RMpicks eps GSview BeK File Edit Options view Orientation Media Help eilz ciah eb ao SeLoGpt iR Retli TEL Fedqibne oP ust CiQptimFetlividdemoFetoll ogy Step 2 u i u H H H AH Ej o vl File RMpioke eee T4 392pt Page 1of0 Figure 46e The Encapsulated PostScript EPS file created can be viewed using GSView or imported into MS WORD document 11 Provide a new file name for the EPS file with the preview Make sure you type in the extension eps for the file name 12 Save the file as an EPS file Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 45 of 79 Now you will be able to insert the EPS file saved in step 9 into an MS Word document using the insert picture option or sent to a printer directly from GS View 4 0 SeisOpt ReMi Disper module SeisOpt ReMi Disper uses an iterative dispersion modeling algorithm based on the method described by Saito 1979 to model the dispersion picks made
93. nd sum velocity spectrum from individual records gathers to one spectrum Step 5 Pick the dispersion curve and export the picks for interactive one dimensional velocity modeling using SeisOpt ReMi Disper module Step 6 In addition it has also options to write out images in JPEG SEG Y or Binary formats Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 8 of 79 Each of these steps launches a new window For ease of use it is recommended that the user close any windows that are not needed by selecting Close Window under the File menu That is for example if the user is performing Step 4 he or she can close windows that were opened during Step 1 Step 2 and Step 3 Note that the title bar on each window indicates which step of the SeisOpt ReMi Vspect processing the user is at making it easier to keep track of the processing sequence When proceeding to the next step use the select the options from the current window If you do have windows from all the processing steps open click on the frame of the window you want to activate and bring to the front 3 1 Step 1 Converting importing and visualizing field data For the convenience of the user the module comes with a program that will convert data recorded in SEG 2 format to SEG Y If you wish to convert other data formats to SEG Y like from ABEM Mark 3 or OYO use SeisOpt Picker which is available from Optim SEG 2 usually with DAT formats used fo
94. ndow Figure 75 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Sele sis View Open Model File save Model File Wax 0 5 Mo Steps 20 Open Dispersion File Save Dispersion File hax 2500 0 Step 2 0 eases i Units Model Mode meters seconds Standard C feet seconds C Advanced Wax Depth 200 0 Auto scale Model Update Plots Ready Figure 75 Choose the Create 2D Profile option from the File menu to start the 2D assembly process The File browse window shown in Figure 76 will open up As the title bar on the window indicates choose the first 1D profile model file that will go into creating the 2D cross section In this example the file is the edited file RMmodel01 txt Select the file and click Open Q Select first 1 D profile Look ir im Ez RMcalcdis_11 16 txt RMcalcdis_23 28 tet E RMmodelO1 txt_ibe tt Select the first E RMcalcdis_ 13 16 txt RMcalcdis_ 25 30 txt E RM modelo ktxt ID profile that RMcaledis_15 20 txt RMcaledis 27 32 txt RMmodel02 txt_ibe txt goes into the 2D pmcaledis_17 22 txt E RMcaledis_29 34 txt E RMmodel03 txt model assembler RMcaledis_19 24 txt RMcaledis_30 35 txt RMmodelO3 txt_ibe txt RMcaledis 21 26 txt A AAS E RMmodell4 txt gt AM model txt Files of type All Files
95. of 79 pf selection Select the planes to be included in processing _ Use all planes Use selected planes File Edit View YspectProcess windows Avo spect CoopiamnhevaihdenonnauTisoy Step 2 3 4 0 0 Frequency Hz 34 230 ness secimeter Averaged Reli Spectral Ratio E oa a Figure 36 Step 5 combines the individual wavefield transformed images for each microtremor record into one p f image In this example planes 0 4 6 and 8 were used to create this image ReMi Vspect will stack and sum the individual velocity spectrum into a single p f image Figure 36 Examine the individual p f images Figure 34 and the combined one and choose the one that shows the Rayleigh wave dispersion the best That is look for the trend of warm colors that go from the upper left part of the image to the lower right We are looking for trends of high spectral ratio that slope down to the right giving lower phase velocities at higher frequencies as is typical of surface wave dispersion The color palette used in Figure 36 show the higher spectral ratios as warmer colors In some cases an individual image will show a larger amplitude trend than the combined one 3 6 Step 6 Pick and Save Dispersion After choosing the p f image that displays the most coherent Rayleigh wave dispersion the next step is to pick the dispersion curve and save the picks for input into the interactive velocity modeling module SeisOpt ReMi Disper Opti
96. oil classification may have to modified based _on_ presence of low velocities etc Please consult a certified professional engineer before confirming the soil classification ReMi only provides the 100 feet average shear velocity calculated as per IBC 2000 4 2 Interactive Modeling using ReMi Disper The following steps enumerate how to perform interactive modeling using the Disper module 1 Open the dispersion pick file created during Step 6 of the Vspect Processing sequence Section 3 6 2 using the Open Dispersion File under the File menu in the Controls Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 51 of 79 Window Figure 50 You can also load the file using the Open Dispersion File under the File menu in the Dispersion Curve window If you plan to model the velocity in units of feet second make sure you toggle the Units option to that in the Controls Window Figure 53 It is recommended that the modeling be done using the Standard model mode first If P wave velocities are available then the shear wave velocities can be refined in the Advanced model mode SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window Sei Open Model File oad the Save Model File dispersion ax 10 5 No Steps 20 picks by electing this Open Dispersion File Save Dispersion File option aN 2500 0 Step 2 0 Units Model Mode Convert File d meters seconds St
97. oords and Elevations in Feet Enter geometry Section 3 3 2 Click to erase all geometry and click to apply Used for information in header crooked lines or lines with large Recommended for survey elevation changes lines that are straight or those that do not deviate by more that 5 from a straight line lose Apply Clear Showt ormat Rean File Write File rase All Show All Figure 25 SeisOpt ReMi Vspect geometry tool It is recommended that for a typical refraction microtremor survey all geometry information contained in headers be erased by pressing the Erase All button Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 24 of 79 For a typical ReMi survey with approximately evenly spaced geophones and relatively straight line with gradual elevation changes it is recommended that the geometry information contained in the trace headers be erased This is done by clicking on the Erase All button in the window shown in Figure 25 The dialog window shown in Figure 26 will open up Click OKR for the geometry information to be erased This procedure is recommended when the survey line does not deviate by more than 5 of the length of the line for example 10m for a 200m long line or if the elevation change is gradual and not more than 5 of the total length of the line All Geometry Info Erased All shot receiver and offset information has been erased from the data headers vith no geametry headers m
98. ptim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 19 of 79 Seis0 pt R ReMi TM 2 0 spect Shea Line 1 2 say File Ena View VspectProcess Windows Flot Parameters Apply Parameter File Ctrl F Clip at Maximum Cirl h Clip at RMS Clip at RMS Ctri 3 Vert Exagq d Erase All Picks Apply Geometry Cil G Figure 19f Select Plot Parameters option from the Edit menu Now click on Save Parameter File under the File menu in the parameter window that opens up Figure 19g and save the parameter file Figure 19h i SeisOpt AjReMi TM 2 0 spect Shea Line 1 2 sgy Pr ie ES JES Edit Close Properties Window Ctrl Shea Line 1 2 50 5 0 02 eclip 2103783 Exit ReMi spect Ctrl a Units Amplitude Open Parameter File Cirl O Color Table for image Current Colors Elements ero oo Detta 0 0020 Units Time sec vectors Zero o0 Deita fio Units Trace Sequel Apply Changes Cancel Reset Values Figure 19g Select the Save Parameter File to save the plot parameters to a file Once you have appended all the files and created a new binary file you can read it back in To do so use Step 1 Open Seismic Records option under Vspect Process Select the combined binary file Set the Binary File Type to Raw Float You also need to set the following as shown in Figure 191 Elements per vector Total recording time samp
99. ptimsoftware com Page 46 of 79 velocities are very low lt 100m s and the interactive module fails to model the picked dispersion values very well In this case the step size can be decrease We strongly recommend that you contact support optimsoftware com in such cases for suggestions on how to model set this parameter e Calculate gt Rayleigh Dispersion This is the default option and must be the one used This models the picked dispersion curve using the Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion analysis criteria The one dimensional shear wave velocity derived using this option will be closer to the real earth shear wave velocity gt Quarter Wave Approx This option models the picks assuming the quarter wavelength approximation That is it assumes the average shear wave velocity is approximately equal to the one quarter of the dominant wavelength This option should be used only for instructional purposes 2 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 im a Sel File Vier Dispersion Curve Period window Min 0 02 p Max 05 Mo Steps 20 Make sure this is toggled when deling for V i l modeling for Vs iWin 150 0 Wax 2500 0 Step 2 0 ite Units Model Moc _ Assumes P wave velocities Rayleigh Dispersion meters seconds Standart with Vp Vs 1 73 erVWave Approx feet seconds C Advance Sets maximum depth in the Model Use if P wave velocities Profiles window are known to obtain a
100. r recording seismic data The conversion program can handle only data that has 16 000 samples per trace or less Hence set the recording length and sampling rate to make sure this limit is not exceeded Contact support optimsoftware com if you have any questions before acquiring the data There are several commercial programs available for example XSeg2Segy Interpex Limited Golden CO USA that can handle longer trace data 3 1 1 Converting SEG 2 data to SEG Y format If your seismograph records in SEG 2 format then the first step is to convert it to SEG Y format To do so choose the Convert SEG2 Files to SEGY item from the File menu of the Vspect module as shown in Figure 8 amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect Begin With Ste L BX Convert SEG2 Files to SEG a I E ON E E e e r r Write PostScript File Ctrl F Write JPEG File Write Binary File Ctrl B Append to Binary File Cil O Write Sound File Ctrl U Write Ascil File Ctrl s Armm litid a lt ill Figure 8 Choose Convert SEG2 Files to SEGY Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 9 of 79 to start the process of converting SEG 2 files The dialog window shown in Figure 9 opens up with the message Select first SEG File in its title bar Go to the directory containing the SEG 2 data files DAT extension and choose all the records that need to be converted Make sure all the files t
101. rded Next make sure the number of traces to be read in is correct The default value is 24 but if you have a 12 channel system this should be changed to 12 Similarly when recording more channels this should be change to reflect the total number of traces being analyzed Click Read Binary to read in the SEG Y data Es Read SEG Seismic Records Files Look In CA demo A e a W contemp tst RM2015 DAT comvtemperr txt RM2016 DAT RM2011 DAT 1 RM2011 50 RM2012 DAT RM2013 DAT 1 RM2014 DAT RM2017 DAT RM2018 DAT RM2019 DAT RM2020 DAT RM2021 DAT File Name RM2011 5gY Files of Type All Files bi elon Figure 12a Choose the SEG Y file to be imported in ReMi Vspect for analysis f2 Read SEG Seismic Records Files Look In CA data _051004 z Il ft H bri17 _mod brit zip brit _5 say brit _1 sqy brit _10 sqy brit 7_2 sqy bri1 _3 sqy bri1 _6 sqy brit _7 say bri1 _8 sqy brit _picks brit picks bri47 _picks bri17 picks C rin7 S s brit _dis4 txt Conway E aO OOOO H File Name W brii r sg brii 6 sgy priit F sgv arid ea soy briirz_9 sgy Files of Type All Files 4 Open Cancel Figure 12a When reading in several individual SEG Y files each containing only ONE record select all of them and click Open brit _4 sqy Optim LLC 200
102. results in the maximum depth being less than when using all traces Vs 915 3 lt E A L File name Ailimodel0 txt save as type All Files Cancel Figure 72 Save the model to a file with numeric component In this case it is save to file RMmodel01 txt Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 72 of 79 The next step is to save the model to a file that is named a certain way It should have a numeric part to it preferably to the end before the extension For example the model file can be called RMmodel01 txt or VsOOO1 txt or model_O1 txt The idea is to name the files sequentially for each set of traces being processed as one goes from lower to higher geophone numbers In the above case model derived by analyzing traces 1 6 is saved to file called RMmodelO1 txt Repeat the steps for traces 3 8 5 10 7 12 9 14 11 16 13 18 15 20 17 22 19 24 21 26 23 28 25 30 27 32 29 34 and 31 36 Models derived from each set should be saved to file that has the numeric value sequentially increasing with increasing geophone numbers In this case the model files were called RMmodel02 txt RMmodel03 txt RMmodel16 txt 5 2 Assembling a 2D Cross section Once the 1D models for each set of traces have been derived they can be assembled to create a 2D shear wave velocity cross section under the profile To do this the saved model files have to
103. s 2 Open Binary File Binar file ClOptiniRetivatidemorRh201 1 A will replace the current data df one Plane SeisOptth RemMicTe V3 0 Yspect Begin vi lt gt Binare File Type 5EG Y First Field Record Mo to Read 1 Last 10000 W 3600 byte Reel Header Block Present Trace Data Type 32 bit Integer Traces to Analyze 1 E Read Binary File Cancel Figure 68 Import traces 1 6 for 2D analysis Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 69 of 79 The first step is to import data as described in Section 3 1 1 and 3 1 2 The objective to analyze groups of traces channels instead of processing data recorded at all the geophones at the same time That is only selected traces are imported and analyzed In this example the field data has 36 channels So for the 2D analysis traces 1 6 3 8 5 10 7 12 9 14 11 16 13 18 15 20 17 22 19 24 21 26 23 28 25 30 27 32 29 34 31 36 are analyzed A 1D model is derived for each group of traces Then the 1D models are put together to obtain a 2D cross section It is recommended that at least 6 traces be used for analysis The overlap of 70 of traces 4 traces in this case gives the user a better control on the lateral velocity variation If the subsurface velocities are expected to be layer cake with little or no lateral variation then more traces at a time and less overlap can be used for analysis One consequence of using fewer traces is that the maximum offse
104. s Windows ASUPRA Reti N Vo Yspect L VO demno AAU T Tagy Siep A 3 4 0 0 Frequency Hz 34 630 0 0 Pick the trend of the curve Do not pick the dispersion curve if it does not have strong amplitudes or if it within the area of the image that has artifacts Pick the transition between green and light blue color Render the image using the Vspect color scale to see if the transition is rendered more clearly 0 02 Averaged Reldi Spectral Ratio 0 0 2 5 Figure 38 Window showing dispersion picks made on the p f velocity spectrum image 4 While picking microtremor records try to pick the lowest energy bound of the high amplitude high spectral ratio s trend This stays closest to the real velocities and below the higher apparent velocities of waves traveling not along but obliquely to the geophone array 5 While picking follow the zone where the warmer colors start to blend with the cooler ones the blue green color 6 Itis not necessary that only one pick have to be made for a particular frequency You can make more than one slowness pick for any given frequency The range of slowness will give a bound on the velocities that are modeled For example note that the picks in Figure 38 have some scatter to them Since SeisOpt ReMi Disper determines the average shear wave velocity the picks do not have to be very accurate 7 Change the color palette to Vspect
105. sssccscccccccccccccccccsssssssccecs 79 FAV IROTCECIICES ocsceci setscssatecevecesstescsnsaceeeseunaossgatasocaceasteacsbcasocacecauenesetusecuceasugnsssvenesecensussasetanesecoacesossueuats 79 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 3 of 79 1 0 SeisOpt ReMi Software Overview SeisOpt ReMi software uses refraction microtremor recordings from standard refraction equipment to estimate 30 m 100 ft average shear wave velocities and one and two dimensional shear wave profile down to depths of 100 m with 5 15 accuracy with the accuracy decreasing with depth The software is based on the refraction microtremor ReM1 technique described by Louie 2001 http www optimsoftware com white_papers images remi pdf A field tutorial on how to acquire ReMi data is provided in the insert of this user s manual Before collecting the data for ReMi software analysis please read the field tutorial carefully and contact support optimsoftware com with any questions about the acquisition parameters The frequency of the available geophones distance between geophone takeouts total length of the recording array and the distribution of subsurface velocities will determine the maximum depth up to which shear wave velocities can be derived construction sites They require large sources to be effective in noisy urban settings or specialized independent recorders laid out in an extensive array with 5 15 accuracy often to 100 m depths Shorter lines
106. t button under the File menu Figure 66 to quit the ReMi Disper module The dialog window shown in Figure 67 will open up If you have not saved the model click Yes and enter a model file name Click Cancel if you wish to continue using ReMi Disper or No to quit without saving the model file Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 68 of 79 5 0 Creating 2D Velocity Models Using SeisOpt ReMi The new version of SeisOpt ReMi allows the user to create 2D cross section by analyzing traces recorded on groups of geophones deployed along the array The software comes with the capability that allows the user to perform the Vspect analysis on groups of traces for example trace 1 6 3 8 and so on and derive a 1D model for each group Then the 1D models can be put together to create a 2D cross section Creating a 2D cross section will allow the user to image the lateral variations in the shear wave velocity It can be very useful to map isolated low velocity zones get constraints on depth to higher velocity layers for example bedrock map velocity discontinuities like faults and in general get constraints on velocity model obtained from standard refraction survey Since ReMi can be done in noisy urban areas the 2D image allows the user to get some constraints on velocities in areas where the high noise level would render a standard refraction survey useless 5 1 Importing and processing data for 2D analysi
107. t is reduced As a result the lower frequencies in the pf image Figure 70b are not well defined This in turn causes the depth of the velocity models obtained to be much less than when using all the traces But it is important to remember that most of the velocity variations do occur at shallow depths So the 2D image created will map the velocity variations were they occur the most amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect E B File Edit View YspectProcess Window s i Plane Index O0 al 410 A YAO UT soy 0 0 Figure 69 Traces 1 6 are read in and displayed As shown in Figure 68 traces 1 6 are read in The first six traces are displayed in Figure 69 Next use the ReMiVspect module and follow the steps described in Sections 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 and 3 6 to create a pf image and pick the dispersion curve Figures 70a and 70b When performing the Vspect processing on fewer traces it is best to use the same parameters as those used when processing all the traces Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 70 of 79 fe ReMi p f AnalysisSeisOpt RjReMi TM Eg vSperct of SeisOpihyRemitlh a 0 Vopect Febi Version 3 1 Copyright 24 June 2002 by The vspect method on class FltPlane data computes Louie s velocit spectrum analysis J Louie Bull Seismol Soc Amer Apr 200 use the same a SsuUtTace wave phase velocity dispersion parameters as spectral ratio image by p tau and Fourier
108. the data set with the p f image for each record stored in separate planes Like for the data set display Section 3 1 2 click on the Animate button to go through all the planes of the image Use the scroll bar on the top to look at each image individually Depending on the level of noise and its frequency content each data the p f image velocity spectrum will be different for each record For example Figure 34 shows the p f image of the seventh record plane index 6 of the data set The p f image for each record is stored in different planes If the seismic record has 11 records as in this case the p f image will have 11 planes Plane Index O to Plane Index 10 corresponding to the velocity spectrum from data sets RM2011 to RM2021 in this case The image is rendered with the frequency in Hz plotted along the horizontal x axis and the slowness in seconds meter inverse of velocity plotted down the vertical y axis The origin 0 0 of the image is the top left hand corner Since the highest frequency we used for the analysis was 35 Hz the frequency scale goes from 0 Hz to 35 Hz Since 50 m s was the lowest velocity used Figure 31 the slowness goes from 0 s m to 0 02 s m 1 50 The horizontal and vertical axes are linear in frequency and slowness respectively Consequently the vertical axis is nonlinear in velocity For instance halfway down the plot at the left would be at half the slowness 0 01 s m or 100 m s a quart
109. velocities for will be displayed as green lines e Click on Auto Fit Model in the Controls window to adjust the Model Profile window so all the layer velocities are visible As mentioned above the default P wave velocities have a Vp Vs ration of 1 73 Optim LLC 2004 www optimsoftware com Page 60 of 79 SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Controls Window a Ex amp Seisopt R Remi TM V3 0 Disper Model Profiles BAA File View File View Period Add Layer Delete Layer Min 0 02 Max 0 35 No Steps 60 Be Densithdfce orl Shear Velocity iser 459 ratio T i F Min 1584 00 Max 8196 5 Step 08 OOO ratio 1 73 Calculate Units Model Mode i Rayleigh Dispersion r meters seconds C Standard Quarter wave Approx feet seconds Advanced lt _ Select 793 9 Advanced Max Depth 139 4 ito segle Mod model mode to Peat display P wave velocity profile amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Disper Dispersion Curve RMpicks txt BE ae rato T File View Velocity Wiser 136 5 to 4626 2 L Click to re size Model Profiles window i 1135 1 I iS 784 Frea Hz 62 5 to 2 38 Period sec 0 016 to 0 42 RMS Error 6 IBC Site ClassD IBC 2000 1615 1 1 Figure 56 Select the Advanced model mode in the Controls window to model the shear wave velocity profile with P wave velocity constraints e Now the P wave velocity can be adjusted independent
110. www optimsoftware com Page 15 of 79 amp SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim remiv30 demo RM2011 sgy E B File Edit View YVspect Process YIN OWS a Plot Parameters 10 Animate S Apply Parameter File Ctrl F YIVIJENno RAUT T S 0Y Clip at Maximum Ctr M iee e es Clip at RMS 25 Clip at 34E MS Ctl 3 Vert Exaqa Figure 17 View and edit plot parameters for the display of data by choosing Plot Parameters under the Edit menu Click the Apply Changes button for the changes to be applied Click Reset Values to delete the changes and Cancel to close the window SeisOpt R ReMi TM V3 0 Vspect C Optim rem E x File Edit Tithe SeisOpt RIReMi TM 3 0 Vspect RM ZO11 saqy Ww Rows Point Down Vert Exaga 0 02 Positive Amplitudes Only Amplitude Clip 473 51 102 Ampl Zera 0 0 Factor 1 0 Units Amplitude Color Table for Image Current Colors Elements ero oo Delta 0 0020 Units Time sec Vectors era 100 Units Trace Sequet Planes ero hoo nits Record Index Apply Changes Cancel Reset Values Figure 18 Edit and save plot parameters The plot parameters can be saved to file by choosing the Save Parameter File option under the File menu of the properties window A new dialog appears asking you to find a directory and suggesting a name for the parameter file A saved parameter file can be read in using the
111. xis in the Dispersion Curve window Figure 48 gt No Steps This controls the number of steps in the calculated period That is more the number of steps smoother is the calculated dispersion curve blue line shown in Dispersion Curve window Figure 48 The default value is 20 and usually this is sufficient for modeling picks made from a typical p f image But if the user wishes to model slight variations one could increase it to 100 Be aware that increasing the number of steps will increase the time to render each new dispersion curve It is best to increase the number of steps after the dispersion curve has been fit and before the calculated dispersion curve is written out to disk see Section 4 4 e Velocity gt Min Minimum velocity of the model and dispersion curve This will control the vertical axis of the Dispersion Curve window Figure 48 Also make sure this value is less than the minimum velocity used while performing the interactive velocity modeling in the Model Profiles window Figure 49 Else a root not found error will occur The values are either in meters second or feet seconds depending on the choice made by the user gt Max Maximum velocity of the model and dispersion curve gt Step This controls the convergence criteria of the modeling algorithm In most cases this will not have to be changed The only scenario this may have to be changed is when the Optim LLC 2004 www o

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