HAND AND PORTABLE POWERED TOOLS Introduction Objectives
Contents
1. The general safety practices listed below should be followed when using electric tools o Electric tools should be operated within their design limitations Gloves and safety footwear are recommended during use of electric tools When not in use tools should be stored in a dry place Electric tools should not be used in damp or wet locations Work areas should be well lighted Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools Powered abrasive grinding cutting polishing and wire buffing wheels create special safety problems because they may throw off flying fragments Before an abrasive wheel is mounted it should be inspected closely and sound or ring tested to be sure that it is free from cracks or defects When conducting a sound test tap the wheel gently with a light non metallic instrument Powered Abrasive Wheel _ Tools A sound and undamaged wheel will give a clear metallic tone or ring If it sounds cracked or dead the wheel could fly apart during use Therefore it must not be used To prevent the wheel from cracking the user should be sure it fits freely on the spindle The spindle nut must be tightened enough to hold the wheel in place without distorting the flange Follow the manufacturer s recommendations Care must be taken to assure that the spindle wheel will not exceed the abrasive wheel specifications Powered Abrasive Wheel Due to the possibility of a wheel disintegrating exploding during2. start up the employee should never stand directly in front of the wheel as it accelerates to full operating speed Portable grinding tools need to be equipped with safety guards to protect workers not only from the moving wheel surface but also from flying fragments in case of breakage When using a powered grinder o Always use eye protection o Always turn off the power when not in use o Never clamp a hand held grinder in a vise Pneumatic Tools Pneumatic tools are tools powered by compressed air and include chippers drills hammers and sanders There are several dangers encountered with the use of pneumatic tools The main danger is getting hit by one of the tool s attachments or by a fastener the worker is using with the tool Eye protection is required and face protection is recommended for employees working with pneumatic tools Noise is another hazard Working with noisy tools such as jackhammers requires proper effective use of hearing protection When using pneumatic tools employees must check to see that they are fastened securely to the hose to prevent them from becoming disconnected A short wire or positive locking device attaching the air hose to the tool will serve as an added safeguard A Safety clip or retainer must be installed to prevent attachments from being unintentionally shot from the barrel Screens must be set up to protect nearby workers from being struck by flying fragments around chippers
3. bears against a level surface o Lift force is applied evenly Proper maintenance of jacks is essential for safety All jacks must be inspected before each use and lubricated regularly If a jack is subjected to an abnormal load or shock it should be thoroughly examined to make sure it has not been damaged Hydraulic jacks exposed to freezing temperatures must be filled with an adequate antifreeze liquid Quiz Question Powering equipment with a low voltage isolation transformer is one method of protecting the user from shock o True o False Quiz Question a Which of the following are often used to ensure that power abrasive wheels are safe to operate a X rays a Sound tests a Speed calibration tests O Visual inspections Quiz Question Pneumatic tools are operated or effected by the action of water or other fluid of low viscosity o True o False Summary In this module we discussed General Safety Precautions Hand Tools Powered Tool Precautions Electric Tools Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools Pneumatic Tools Powder Actuated Tools Hydraulic Power Tools Jacks
4. can be a dangerous ignition source around flammable substances Spark resistant tools made from brass plastic aluminum or wood will eliminate this possible source of ignition Power Tool Precautions Employees must be trained in the use of all tools including power tools They should understand the potential hazards as well as the safety precautions to prevent those hazards from occurring Power tools can be dangerous when improperly used The power source of a tool will give some clues as to the safety precautions required Power tools are classified by their power source o Electric Pneumatic Liquid fuel Hydraulic Powder actuated Power Tool Precautions When using power tools the general precautions listed below should be observed Never carry a tool by the cord or hose Never yank the cord or the hose to disconnect it from the receptacle Keep cords and hoses away from heat oil and sharp edges Disconnect tools when not in use before servicing and when changing accessories such as blades bits or cutters All observers should be kept at a safe distance away from the work area Secure work with clamps or a vise freeing both hands to operate the tool Power Tool Precautions Avoid accidental starting The worker should not hold a finger on the switch button while carrying a plugged in tool Tools should be maintained with care They should be kept sharp and clean for the best performan
5. HAND AND PORTABLE POWERED TOOLS General Safety Precautions Hand Tools Power Tool Precautions Electric Tools Powered Abrasive Wheel Tools Pneumatic Tools Powder Actuated Tools Hydraulic Power Tools a Jacks Introduction Tools are such a common part of our lives that it is difficult to remember that they may pose hazards Serious accidents often occur before steps are taken to identify and avoid or eliminate tool related hazards Workers must learn to recognize the hazards associated with the different types of tools and take the safety precautions necessary to prevent those hazards Objectives m At the end of this Hand and Portable Powered Tools module you should be able to o Identify the hazards associated with hand and portable powered tools o Identify the specific precautions that should be taken with each type of hand and portable powered tools o Identify the general safety precautions General Safety Precautions Employees using hand tools must be provided with the personal protective equipment necessary to protect them from the hazards of falling flying abrasive and splashing objects and from harmful dusts fumes mists vapors or gases _ General Safety Precautions Hand Tools All hazards involved in the use of tools can be prevented by following five basic safety rules o Keep all tools in good condition with regular maintenance o Use the ri
6. ce Follow instructions in the user s manual for lubricating and changing accessories Be sure to keep good footing and maintain good balance The proper apparel should be worn Loose clothing ties or jewelry can become caught in moving parts All portable electric tools that are damaged shall be removed from use and tagged Do Not Use Power Tool Precautions There are two different kinds of safety devices that are used with portable power tools Click on each term to learn more about these safety devices o Safety Switches o Guards Quiz Question a The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper maintenance o True o False Electric Tools Electric Tools Electric Tools Employees using electric tools must be aware of several dangers The most serious is the possibility of electrocution Other hazards include burns and slight shocks which can lead to injuries or even heart failure Under certain conditions even a small amount of current can result in fibrillation of the heart and eventual death A shock also can cause the user to fall off a ladder or other elevated work surface To protect the user from shock tools must be either grounded with a three wire cord double insulated or powered by a low voltage isolation transformer Click on the appropriate term to learn more about three wire cords or double insulation o Three Wire Cords o Double Insulation
7. ght tool for the job Examine each tool for damage before use o Operate according to the manufacturer s instructions o Provide and use the proper protective equipment Employees and employers have a responsibility to work together to establish safe working procedures If a hazardous situation is encountered it should be brought to the attention of the proper individual immediately Hand tools are non powered They include anything from axes to wrenches The greatest hazards posed by hand tools result from misuse and improper maintenance Click on the term for examples o Examples of Misuse or Improper Maintenance The employer is responsible for the safe condition of hand tools and equipment used by employees but the employees have the responsibility for properly using and maintaining tools Employers also should caution employees to direct saw blades knives or other tools away from aisle areas and other employees working in close proximity Knives and scissors must be sharp Dull tools can be more hazardous than sharp ones Hand Tools Appropriate personal protective equipment such as safety goggles gloves etc should be worn to protect against hazards that may be encountered while using portable power tools and hand tools Safety requires that floors be kept as clean and dry as possible to prevent accidental slips with or around dangerous hand tools Sparks produced by iron and steel hand tools
8. riveting guns staplers or air drills Compressed air guns should never be pointed toward anyone Users should never dead end compressed air guns against themselves or anyone else Powder Actuated Tools Powder actuated tools operate like a loaded gun and should be treated with the same respect and precautions In fact they are so dangerous that they must be operated only by specially trained employees Suitable eye and face protection are essential when using a powder actuated tool In addition the tool should not be loaded unless it is to be used immediately Powder Actuated Tools A loaded tool should not be left unattended especially in areas where unauthorized persons could handle it Some general procedures concerning safe use are identified below Inspection Firing Misfires Defects Powder Actuated Tools The muzzle end of the tool must have a protective shield or guard centered perpendicularly on the barrel to confine any flying fragments or particles that might otherwise create a hazard when the tool is fired The tool must be designed so that it will not fire unless the protective shield is present All powder actuated tools must be designed for varying powder charges so that the user can select a powder level necessary to do the work without excessive force Finally powder actuated tools can be used to apply fasteners Click on the term below to learn about some special consideration
9. s Fasteners Hydraulic Power Tools A hydraulic tool is a tool operated or effected by the action of water or other fluid of low viscosity The fluid used in hydraulic power tools must be an approved fire resistant fluid and must retain its operating characteristics at the most extreme temperatures to which it will be exposed The manufacturer s recommended safe operating pressure must not be exceeded for o Hoses Valves Pipes Filters Other fittings A jack is a portable device for lifting heavy loads through a short distance All jacks lever and ratchet jacks screw jacks and hydraulic jacks must have a device that stops them from jacking up too high Also the manufacturer s load limit must be permanently marked in a prominent place on the jack The load limit should never be exceeded A jack should never be used to support a lifted load Once the load has been lifted it must immediately be blocked up Jackstands or suitable blocking should be used to support the load Dairy or cola crates should not be used to support a load Use wooden blocking under the base if necessary to make the jack level and secure If the lift surface is metal place a 1 inch thick hardwood block or equivalent between it and the metal jack head to reduce the danger of slippage Jacks When setting up a jack make certain that the o Base rests on a firm level surface o Jack is correctly centered o Jack head
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