ArborSonic 3D
Contents
1. 1638 m s 1723 m s 7 1566 m s 1734 m s 1775 m s 1710 m s 1630 m s 1439 m s 1899 m s 1635 m s 1651 m s 8 1456 m s 1662 m s 1825 m s 1851 m s 1837 m s 1792 m s 1899 m s 1488 m s 1508 m s 9 1295 m s 1477 m s 1653 m s 1706 m s 1712 m s 1638 m s 1635 m s 1488 m s 1440 m s 10 1056 m s 1452 m s 1635 m s 1725 m s 1759 m s 1723 m s 1651 m s 1508 m s 1440 m s E g a om ian Intact bon Oecayed Hoko em Ei 10 om 2 won 20091115 Agtalve diota Fatopp 30 5 0 MES 20091118 Aglalva diota Fatopp 30 5 0 a gt Ak ml i wal 5 u zt a Speoes Sciecten Sensor Geometry Tene Data Tamogra Stateal Ansiysis mmograms Statics Analyses rs mm Layers and elements Cow sheme Veksty bnt Layers and elements Coc scheme if vencer ine Deters gt Matris Graph les 1559 Be mg T Catadate automascaly Seeated lt Matrix aoh acted 1038 Ds simp A adate automaticaly Multilayer model X ej r I z Multilayer model p ee Layer 2 Sem Won Hem Won Layer 2 Pit 10 cm en x Layer 1 Layer 1 30 10 mA Pa wan 2500 mis 2009 mh 150 m 9000 mA 2em on Intact Intact 90 sina Dem Decayed m Deca A Dom Mokw Hokow 2 em an om Won aem an e After registering the geometry and collecting enough time data the are visible e A color scheme can be selected for visualization the recommended scheme is Detailed The legend and the meaning of colors are on2. ArborSonic 3D User s Manual ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Introduction Manufacturer information Principle of operation Hardware System parts Hardware Handling the Piezo Sensors Hardware Amplifier boxes Hardware Battery box Hardware Bluetooth connection Software Basics Software Species selection Software Sensor Geometry Basics Software Sensor Geometry Circular Elliptical and Irregular Software Time Data Software Tomograms Single layer mode Software Tomograms Multi layer mode Software Static Analysis Software Generating reports 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Introduction Welcome as a new ArborSonic 3D owner ArborSonic 3D is designed to detect hidden holes and decay in trees by non destructive acoustic testing Manufacturer information ArborSonic 3D is manufactured by Company Fakopp Enterprise Bt EU tax number HU22207573 Address Fenyo 26 City Agfalva ZIP 9423 Country Hungary Web http www arborsonic3d com E mail office fakopp com Phone 36 99 510 996 Fax 36 99 330 099 Principle of operation e Several Sensors are placed around the trunk which are coupled to the wood by steel nails e Each Sensor is tapped by a hammer e The unit measures the travel time of the sound wave generated by the hammer tap between each sensor e If there is a hole then the sound waves have to pass around
3. Di D2 36 a Start BT Caliper e The software can handle measurements at several different heights These are the so called Layers The sensors can be placed at one Layer at a time and need to be moved between the Layers after collecting the Time Data Please disconnect the cables when moving between Layers otherwise the connectors may be damaged e Use the button to add a new layer and user the button to remove one e The name of each layer can be changed in the Layer Name field e The height of a layer from the ground can be defined in the Height field e The length units cm or inch can be changed in the Measure in cm inch field e The number of sensors used for the measurement can be set in the Sensor count field Usually it will be the same number for each layer but it is possible to use more or less sensors for a layer e There are three geometry schemes Circular Ellipse and Irregular These can be selected in the Scheme field e PD is a parameter required for all three schemes It is the penetration depth of the nail tip from the bark surface It is not a very critical parameter especially in case of large trees e In Circular and Ellipse the software tells you where to put the sensors e In Irregular first you place the sensors and then you tell the software where they are e Different layers can have different schemes e Sensors need to be placed in a counter clockwise order when seen from above
4. Therefore previous sensors need to be on the left side while next sensors on the right side ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Sensor Geometry Circular Elliptical and Irregular Circular e Use this scheme if the trunk is circular e Place sensor no 1 anywhere and use it as a support to hold the tape around the trunk e Measure the circumference with the tape and type it in C e Place the other sensors around the trunk at positions displayed Sensor distances in 1 0 2 4 49 3 9 02 4 13 5 5 17 99 6 22 52 7 27 01 8 31 5 K O 9 35 98 10 40 51 11 45 12 49 49 mm Oss 3 Aptana a A Y e Type the penetration depth of the sensor nail tip from the bark surface in the PD parameter Elliptical e Use this scheme if the trunk is elliptical e Place sensor no 1 at the end of the larger diameter and use it as a support to hold the tape around the trunk e Measure the circumference with the tape and type it in parameter C e Measure the larger diameter with a caliper and type it in D1 Measure the smaller diameter and type it in D2 e Place the other sensors around the trunk at positions displayed Sensor distances in 1 0 2 4 49 3 9 02 4 13 5 5 17 99 6 22 52 7 27 01 8 315 3 35 98 10 40 51 11 45 12 49 49 Type the penetration depth of the sensor nail tip from the bark surface in the PD parameter Irregular e Use this scheme if the trunk sh
5. easy Z Species Selection Ww Sensor Geometry V Stretch image to page e After the measurement use the KW button to pee generate a report a e The generated report will be an external rtf file TE OED which contains the data of the measurement and eee which can be opened with a text editor for further editing The format of the generated file is RTF 7 Open fle after saving t e Use the checkbox tree on the left side to select the data which should be included in the report e Header contains the title of the document and the time of creation e Species Selection contains the selected species e Sensor Geometry contains the parameters of the geometry Individual layers can be selected or de selected e Time data contains the measured time data e External images can be included in the Tomograms section To include an image first go to the Tomograms page and save the view to an external JPG file using the icon in the top right corner After saving the file use the load mage button to load and include it in the generated document e If everything is fine click the button to save the report to an external document
6. for finding bad sensors if the value for one sensor is unusually high then the sensor may be broke ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Tomograms Single layer mode 5 20091118 Agfalva diofa Fakopp 3D 5 0 _ 20091115 Aglaiva diota Fatopp 30 50 A A R esa Ba e v New Project X 20091118 Ac zt a Spenes Selection Sensor Geometry Tene Data Tamograms Statical Analysis Layers and elements Color scheme Velocity limits cd Layers and elements Coc scheme l f Veoory imis ol Preteaed i Graph mao map 1058 2 1384 5 m s 7 Calculate automatically Decated Matrix Mo Mee 1038 24 lmj 2 ate automaticaly Multilayer model Multilayer model nN soie g Layer 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Layer 2 ecm 10m m 30m 4 Layer 1 1 1390 m s 1620 m s 1629 m s 1671 m s 1652 m s 1566 m s 1456 m s 1295 m s 1056 m s Layer 1 2 1390 m s 2111 m s 1715 m s 1736 m s 1732 m s 1734 m s 1662 m s 1477 m s 1452 m s 3 1620 m s 2111 m s 1395 m s 1633m s 1687 m s 1775 m s 1825 m s 1653 m s 1635 m s 4 1629 m s 1715 m s 1395 m s 1685 m s 1634 m s 1710 m s 1851 m s 1706 m s 1725 m s nis _ t a 5 1671 m s 1736 m s 1633 m s 1685 m s 1546 m s 1630 m s 1837 m s 1712 m s 1759 m s 6 1652 m s 1732 m s 1687 m s 1634 m s 1546 m s 1439 m s 1792 m s
7. the hole and therefore it requires more time to reach the opposite sensors ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Hardware System parts Piezo Sensors Amplifier Boxes black Battery Box grey containing the Bluetooth transmitter Cables Caliper Sensor Remover Tape measure Steel and rubber hammer Case r Fj PL La ANA i O i f 7 ESA RS S O lt g lt QO Building up Drive the Sensors into the trunk connect them to the Amplifier boxes and connect the Amplifiers and the Battery Box with the cables ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Hardware Handling the Piezo Sensors Maintenance e Always keep the nails and the head clean because dirt influences the coupling e The numbers on the sensors are just decoration you can change them freely however the numbers on the amplifier boxes are important Fixing e Use the rubber hammer to fix the sensors e The sensors need to penetrate the bark e Good coupling between the nail and the wood is essential The coupling is good if the sensor head can t be rotated with 3 stretched fingers e The sensors need to be in intact wood material not in decay e The software requires the penetration depth PD parameter on the Spatial Data tab of the sensors This parameter is only important in case of small diameter trees and the value is not critical in case of large trees e The sensor nails need to pint in the center of the trunk however this is al
8. the left side of the figure Usethe icon on the top right corner to save a view to an external JPG file e Selecting only one Layer on from the Layer list shows the tomogram for that specific Layer only e By checking the Calculate automatically checkbox the velocity limits which set the colors are calculated automatically and this is the recommended setting However by un checking this checkbox allows for manual modification of the velocity limits e In mode the velocity matrix can be seen which contains the measured average velocities between the sensors e In mode the measured average velocities are represented as colored lines on the figure e In 2e mode the tomogram can be seen Moving the mouse over the area shows the velocity below he cursor point e In mode the tomogram is represented as a 3 dimensional surface ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Tomograms Multi layer mode lt gt 20091118 Agfalvadiofa Fakopp3D5 0 y a x gt Trt bola 2 S e ea SS eT as New Project X Species Selection Sensor Geometry Time Data Tomograms Statical Analysis Auto rotate to face You Multilayer model 9 Layer 2 Layer 1 Intact Decayed Hollow e The 3 dimensional representation of all the tomograms measured at all the layers can be seen by selecting Multilayer model on the left side e Use the left mouse button to rotate the figure e Click the button to show the ver
9. ape is irregular e Place the sensors around the trunk in counter clockwise order e Make sure that the sensors are in one plane The tape measure can be used for this e After placing the sensors use the caliper to measure distances between sensor pairs For example distance between sensor no 1 and no 2 needs to be entered in the field 1 4 e The Bluetooth caliper can be used to transmit the data automatically Just start the caliper and measure the appropriate distances e Type the penetration depth of the sensor nail tip from the bark surface in the PD parameter ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Time Data aalvie eree e Time data are the shock wave travel _ Smk aiia aaa z Reading device times measured by ArborSonic 3D Stop Remove bad rows ii Remove selected rows Remove all rows between the sensors 2 Me ie ss N es Layer 2 Time rows Layer 1 227 226 202 167 117 0 119 161 196 211 231 232 208 173 122 0 125 166 202 216 0 228 227 203 168 118 120 162 196 211 e After placing the sensors and De m ae a e N 210 192 154 101 0 113 168 187 198 205 207 192 154 101 0 113 168 188 198 205 208 192 154 102 0 114 168 188 198 203 210 194 156 104 0 115 170 190 198 206 registering the geometry go to the 208 166 114 0 106 167 209 214 213 215 i 1 f 212 170 119 0 112 173 214 220 217 29 Time Data tab and buid up the o 210 168 118 0 110 172 211 218 215 218 P
10. apping on the sensors Each tap should result in a new time row and a ding sound When you are ready with tapping the connection first and then turn off the Battery Box to save battery Maximum Bluetooth range is 20 feet If you need to extend the range longer cable cam be used on the amplifier box If you can t establish Bluetooth connection 1 2 3 Turn off the Battery Box turn it on again and try reconnecting to it The COM port number may be wrong Try to find out the correct number Remove the Bluetooth Device in the Control Panel and install it again Set the newly installed COM port number in the software Call us for support ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Basics e The latest version of the software can be downloaded at http www arborsonic3d com e The software can be installed to any PC with Windows XP or higher e The software is responsible for o Selecting parameters of the tree species Registering the geometry of the sensors Collecting the time data from ArborSonic 3D over Bluetooth Computing the internal cross sectional tomogram Performing stability calculations of the whole tree Generating a report file for customers O O Oo OQO Oo 0 Saving and opening previous projects e The steps of a measurement are 1 Choosing the measurement Layer on the trunk Placing the sensors and registering the sensor geometry Collecting time data by tapping If measurements at several layer
11. en a e The small dots in the columns show the correctness of the time row If the row is correct a green dot is shown It is not a problem is not every row is correct because the software uses the correct rows only e Please make sure to tap always on the center of the sensor head with approximately uniform strength If the side of the sensor is tapped or the strength is too low the measured time data row is incorrect The software has a built in filter for these data however it is Remove selected mes button e If there is enough time data from every sensor the Processed Times section contains the averaged times between the sensor pairs Most of this data is just for monitoring better to remove them manually by the e The standard deviation of the average of the times measured between each sensor pair is shown after the signs The standard deviations can be displayed in microseconds or in relative values If the relative standard deviation between any two sensors are above 5 then it is advised to check the Time rows table go back to tapping and collect some more time data from those two sensors e When tapping on each sensor the time between each sensor pair is measured in two different ways when one of the sensors is tapped and the other is the receiver and in the reverse direction The symm diff table contains the average differences between the times measured in both directions for all sensors This table is a handy tool
12. o the side connector of the next box Hardware Battery box e Contains the 9V battery and the Bluetooth transmitter e Keep the Battery Box turned off while connecting the Amplifier Boxes e The battery box can be connected to any amplifier box e Make sure to apply correct polarity when changing battery e Any regular or rechargeable 9V battery can be used e The LED blinks for 5 seconds after turning on This is the time required for the Bluetooth module to warm up e Ifthe battery is low the LED blinks continuously lt ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Hardware Bluetooth connection Establishing Bluetooth connection to the Battery Box If you are using an external USB Bluetooth dongle always put it in the same USB place on the computer Turn on the Battery Box start adding a New Bluetooth device in the Control Panel The device name is ArborSonic 3D The PIN code of the device is 1234 Remember the number of the installed COM port Start the software Go to the options a Change the Reader device to and click Lox Go to and click the button on this tab Select the COM port number and set the TmeOut Sensor to 20 and click L x Turn on the Battery Box wait 5 seconds until the LED stops blinking and click to build up the connection The Reading device message should appear if the connection can be established Otherwise an error message appears If the connection can be established you can start t
13. rocessed Times Bluetooth connection Gian or e N Regularized Time Time correction 45 ps e Make sure to select the correct Layer el annealed anana a 1 14021 182 1s 208 1ps 2111p 2272 Ips 23520ps 20922 s 151 34s 122 14s h f id 1 h h 2 1402145 1031s 163 1ys 192 ips 225225 2401s 2352s 205425 1842Ips on t e e t Sl e 1 W ere t e sensors 3 182 1ps 1031p 114 1ps 15621ps 2031s 225 14s 2272s 2132p 208 Ips 7 4 2081p 1632ips 1141p 106 1ps 170 2ps 2081s 217 2ys 212 2ys 21321ps are actually placed Change this s 21121 1522 ye 1562s 1055 1162p 3683s 100226 1978358 205248 6 22741ps 22522 ps 20341ps 1704245 116 1ps 120 1ps 164 2ps 1954248 210 1ps 7 235 40ps 240 1ps 225 1ps 208 1ps 168 1ps 1201s 1152s 172 2us 203 1ys selection when Sensors are moved to 8 20942us 23522us 2272s 21742us 1904245 16422us 1154245 1222245 163421 the next Layer e Tap each sensor at least 3 times e The measured time data appear in the Time rows table e One line of this table contains the measured travel times from the tapped sensor to all the other sensors Therefore the value belonging to the tapped sensor is always 0 e The numbers near the column labels show the number of correct taps from each sensor If the number if below 3 the color is red 2 which means that additional taps are required from that sensor Otherwise the number is gre
14. s are required choose the next layer and go to 2 Evaluating the cross sectional maps Performing stability computations Ds OF ee i iS Saving the data and exporting to the printable report ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Species selection gt New Project Fakopp 3D 5 0 oe sania D 2 e Species Selection Sensor Geometry Time Data Velocity Data Statical Analysis DragFactor_Wessolly 0 2 YieldStrength 13 3 E Yellowwood family f Umbrella pine i H Yew family G Ginkgos Cycads Ferns e Use the list to select the tree species e To search a species just type the English or Latin name of the species in the edit box below the list and press enter to jump to the next result e The parameters of the tree are listed on the right side ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Sensor Geometry Basics s bala lt gt New Project Fakopp 3D 5 0 a DA a E 7G ss Species Selection SensorGeometry TimeData Velocity Data Statical Analysis Layers Layer name dp Add layer Layer 1 Layer 1 Plane Height finch 101 Sensor distances inch 5 Layer 2 1 0 2 7 28 3 14 06 4 19 96 5 25 24 6 30 51 7 36 42 8 43 19 9 50 47 10 57 76 11 64 53 12 70 43 13 75 71 14 80 98 15 86 89 16 93 62 Sensor position data Scheme Elipse v Sensor count 16 gt 4 Measure in inch Valid spatial data gt
15. so not very critical e The sensors need to be placed in the same plane However this plane doesn t necessarily have to be horizontal Measurement e Use the steel hammer for generating the readouts by tapping on the sensor heads e Remove the tape measure while tapping because it may act as an acoustic short circuit e Always tap on the center of the sensor head in the nail direction If you accidentally tapped the side of the sensor remove the data and tap again e Tap with uniform strength Apply more power for large trees Tapping power is not very critical e Never tap on the cable connection part of the sensor Removal e Use the sensor remover if possible e When removing by hand first rotate the sensors and then pull Always pull in nail direction e Never pull the cable e Never use any support to remove the sensors because it may break or bend the nails 2 gt ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Hardware Amplifier boxes e When building up first fix the sensors then the amplifiers and finally the cables e When breaking down first remove the cables then the amplifiers and finally the sensors e Never move the sensors with attached amplifiers because it may damage the cable connectors e Make sure to apply correct connector orientation when connecting the cables e Amplifier numbering is essential Don t cross a cable because it will mess up the whole measurement e Connect the bottom connector of an amplifier box t
16. tical interpolation plane between the layers e By checking _ Auto rotate to face You the plane will always face you e Otherwise the plane can be rotated and moved by the rotation and offset controls gt 20091118 Agfalva diofa Fakopp 3D 5 0 ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Bd 4 e Software Static Analysis ee Ey Crown central height 6 8 m Crown area 5 7 m2 Velocity limit 50 Wind velocity 30 0 m s Drag factor 0 3 Strength 117 MPa e The Bi ss 5u 5 5 page allows you to i a evaluate the Safety Factor of the tree E arnan fii ee ser jaban using the obtained cross sectional tomograms and other parameters like wind speed e It gives an estimate for the tree safety Please note that only the tomograms at the measurement Layers are used and the software is not aware of the lt W Safety Factor 4016 Update parts of trunk where there is no measurement Layer e Use the Update button after changing the parameter values in order they take effect e During the calculations the Windloadacting on the crown is computed based on the given Wind velocity 33 m s corresponds to 85 mph Crown area which is the cross sectional area of the crown in the wind direction in m2 and based on the species dependent Drag factor e Using the Windload and the Crown central height the bending moment is calculated for every possible wind direction at each La
17. yer e The obtained tomograms contain the shape and size of the hollow With this information the stress distribution in each Layer can be computed for every possible wind direction e There is a weakest point of the trunk cross section is where the stress is maximal e The weakest direction is the wind direction where the stress at the weakest point is maximal e The SafetyFactorof a Layer is the ratio of the stress at the weakest point in the weakest direction and the wood Strengthof the species If the wood is stronger than the maximal stress then the Safety Factor is above 100 A layer can be considered as safe if the Safety Factor is above 150 e The Overall Safety Factor of the tree is the minimum of the Safety Factors of the Layers e The figure shows the solid parts of the trunk cross section in blue This is obtained from thresholding the tomograms Changing the Velocity limit value changes the threshold and thereby the size of hollow Therefore it can be used for manual correction e The red shape shows the maximal stress values Wherever it is far from the center the stress is high and therefore the trunk is relatively week in that direction The thin red radius shows the weakest direction of the trunk ArborSonic 3D User s Manual Software Generating reports i a Report Saving A i items to report ltem properties e The built in report generator makes creating reports i for customers quick and
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