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AlphaTCP Administrator`s Guide

1. AMOS ITC IDs AND ASSOCIATED IP ADDRESSES Use the AMOS program CVTNID Enter Network Group and Node to calculate the AlphaNet CPU ID for each system Enter the IP address for each system now each is a single system ITC TUNNELING CHECK LIST LJ ir you have an existing AlphaNET network defined insure that the network IDs Network column are not the same as any existing AlphaNET network numbers E Log to SYS and create ITCD ERZ Add all of your system references to this file Once complete copy this same file to every system that will be using ITC tunneling Use the following syntax erz 1 netid 1 erz 2 netid 2 erz x netid x Setting up AlphaTCP ITC Tunneling Page 1 of 2 E Create and edit a test system initialization file Use TCPIP INI for simplicity l Increase the number of JOBS by 1 I After the last ERSATZ line add the following new ersatz statement ERSATZ ITCD ERZ I Immediately following the last SYSTEM command add the following line SMEM existing 106K Note If SMEM already exists simply increase the available memory by 106K See memory requirements worksheet E Log to TCP and create the file ITCD L Add or create the ITC to IP mapping in the file TCP ITCD Once complete copy this same file to every system that will be using ITC tunneling Use the following syntax for the TCP ITCD file netid 1 netip 1 netid 2 netip 2 netid x netip x J Edit the TCP CONFIG file Remove the
2. In a web document add the following lines in the body lt FORM ACTION get system status METHOD GET gt lt INPUT TYPE sSubmit VALUE Go gt lt FORM gt Accessing this page and clicking on the Go button should result in the output from a SYSTAT appearing on your screen AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 9 12 Chapter Nine BASIC Demo The following application is a bit more complicated It runs a BASIC program which repeats back some of its configuration as a web document As both the i and o meta characters are present all I O is performed through files It also demonstrates a way to handle the command line parameters without needing an XCALL through the use of a DO file In the application definition file add the following definition Demo application to run a BASIC program Application basic demo Command GORUN DO WEBDMO i 0 e f Memory 100k Kill Yes Decode Yes Account BAS Mime text html In the CMD account create the GORUN DO file and enter into it the following six lines In the BAS account create the file WEBDMO BAS and enter the following program MAP1 AS S 100 MAP1 FS S 100 INPUT LINE I INPUT LINE
3. The remainder of the URL is a UNIX style path name to a file As the World Wide Web originated on UNIX hosts this method was adopted How this is handled by AMOS is explained further on Usually web pages will be stored in files with a html or htm extension You will also see gif and jpg files which are images for the browser to display Browsers handle most types of files either directly or by starting a program which understands the file type Absolute and Relative URLs Examine the example URL once more http www widgit com sales new product info html The above URL is known as an absolute reference because it is complete References which are incom plete are known as relative references With relative references the browser fills in the missing pieces based on the location of the previously accessed document AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 9 2 Chapter Nine For example if the above referenced document contains the following link lt A HREF new product prices html gt The browser assumes the link is to the same directory on the same system thus generating the complete URL http www widgit com sales new product prices html Same System Different Directory To designate a file in a different subdirectory branch place a forward slash before the filename This makes the reference relative to root The browser will not then assume the new subdirectory is part of the current one For example if the
4. e 255 255 255 192 Class C with 4 subnets 2 usable This gives us four possible subnets In binary this is 00 01 10 and 11 Six bits to the right remain for the host When you see a full IP address for a host on these subnets realize that part of the byte defining the host also defines the subnet In other words 192 168 1 67 is really binary 0100 0011 or the third host on the 01 subnet Further 192 168 1 191 is binary 1011 1110 or the last usable host on the 10 subnet Host numbers 65 126 are on the first usable subnet while host numbers 129 190 are on the second usable subnet Host numbers 1 62 and 193 254 cannot be used because they would be on the all zero and all one subnets The numbers 0 63 64 127 128 191 192 and 255 also cannot be used because they would be all zero or all one host numbers Viewing these numbers in binary on paper should make this more obvious especially with a bar between the network and host portions There must be at least one 0 and one 1 on each side of the bar to be a valid host number TCP IP Protocols This section contains information on the TCP IP family of protocols AlphaTCP is based on Within the software network protocols provide rules for the structure of the packets transported across the network including header and data format Addresses and control information are included The suite of TCP IP protocols lets user programs establish use and end sequenced error free connect
5. O INPUT LINE ES INPUT LINE FS OPEN 1 0 OUTPUT PRINT 1 lt HTML gt lt HEAD gt PRINT 1 lt TITLE gt Form Demo for BASIC lt TITLE gt PRINT 1 lt HEAD gt lt BODY gt PRINT 1 lt H1 gt BASIC Form Demo lt H1 gt PRINT 1 lt H2 gt Command Line Parameters lt H2 gt PRINT 1 Input filename lt I gt 1 lt I gt lt BR gt PRINT 1 Output filename lt I gt 0 lt I gt lt BR gt PRINT 1 Environment variables filename lt I gt ES lt I gt lt BR gt PRINT 1 URL embedded filename lt I gt FS lt I gt PRINT 1 lt HR gt lt H2 gt Environment Variables lt H2 gt OPEN 2 ES INPUT E LOOP INPUT LINE 2 AS IF EOF 2 0 PRINT 1 A lt BR gt GOTO E LOOP CLOSE 2 PRINT 1 lt HR gt lt H2 gt Input File Contents lt H2 gt OPEN 2 1S INPUT I LOOP INPUT LINE 2 AS AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Advanced Web Server Usage F EOF 2 0 PRINT 1 A lt 1 CLOSE 2 PRINT 1 lt BODY gt lt HTML gt CLOSE 1 END BR gt Page 9 13 GOTO I LOOP Once this program is entered compile it and verify there are no errors In a web document add the fol lowing lines in the body lt FORM ACTION basic demo sys ver lit testing METHOD POST gt Last Name lt INPUT TYPER text NAME last name SIZE 2
6. Setting up the AlphaTCP Web Server Page 2 of 2 Setting Up AlphaTCP For Use With AMOS Printers LPD SETUP Max simultaneous print requests maxrqs Form feed options ff O Default def O Force Form feed ff O Force No Form feed noff Temporary print file account TCPLPD Be sure to select a drive with plenty of disk space dev ppn Enter the total number of incoming print requests you might expect at any single moment LINE PRINTER CHECK LIST E Create the accountdev ppn for the temporary print files J Add the ersatz TCPLPD dev ppn to SYS TCPIP ERZ for the temporary print file account E Copy your main system initialization file to a temporary INI file Use TCPIP INI _ Increase the number of JOBS by 1 plusmaxrgs J Load TCP LPD LIT and TCP LPD RTI into system memory Use the following syntax SYSTEM TCP LPD LIT SYSTEM TCP LPD RTI LJ Increase SMEM memory by maxrgs 1 41K See memory requirements worksheet L Edit the TCP CONFIG file Remove the from the start Ipd line If ff is ff then add fY to the end of this line if noff then add fN to the end Lj Any remote system requiring access to these printers setup use the following information LPR Printer Format Unfiltered LPR Printer Host Address or name of AMOS system LPR Printer Queue Spooler name on AMOS system Setting up AlphaTCP For Use With AMOS Printers Page 1 of 1 Setting Up ITC Tunneling Through ae AlphaTCP j
7. 5 33 FTP 5 11 HTTPD 5 28 ITCD 5 31 LPD 5 24 LPR 5 23 NETLOG 5 2 POP3D 5 20 RWHO 5 35 SLIP 5 4 SMTPD 5 17 TAMED 5 36 TCPEMU 5 3 TELNET 5 8 TFTP 5 34 SerialNet replacing 5 30 Servers 5 1 after booting 4 5 AlphaNET tunneling 5 28 BBSERV 5 32 BOOTP 5 38 BOOTPC 5 39 configuring 3 6 defined 2 2 E mail 5 32 FTPD 5 8 HTTPD 5 24 in CONFIG file 3 8 ITCD 5 28 LPD 5 23 LPR 5 20 Mail 5 13 memory requirements 3 9 POP3D 5 18 printer 5 20 printers 5 23 RWHOD 5 34 SLIP 5 3 SMTPD 5 13 SNTPD 5 36 TAMED 5 35 TDDD 5 40 TELNED 5 4 TFTPD 5 33 Web 5 24 Servers restarting 6 9 SERVIC file 3 5 3 13 Services 3 5 Sessions terminating 6 8 6 18 E 1 SETJOB statement 4 4 Setup files 3 3 comments 3 6 SHARED command for SLIP 7 2 Shared memory 3 2 SISEXI SISABT E 1 SIEXIT E 2 SLIP 1 6 5 3 cabling 7 4 log file 7 3 script file commands 7 2 script files 3 16 7 1 security 5 4 setting Internet address in NETWRK file 3 16 setting up in CONFIG file 3 9 3 16 TRMDEF for modem 4 2 SLIPDn LOG file 5 3 7 3 SLIPOK n file 5 3 SMEM 3 2 SMEM statement 4 4 SMTP 3 18 spawning SMTPD server 3 8 SMTP protocol 1 7 MTPD 5 13 security 5 17 SNTPD server 3 9 5 36 SNTPD file 3 5 Spawning FTPDserver 3 8 LPR server 3 8 POP3D server 3 8 5 19 RWHODserver 3 8 servers 3
8. www widgets com pkgdir At the start of the package DIR file a one line header is added which contains a package name date of modification and a url where the package is stored It also contains an accessibility description either Access public or Access private Private access simply tells AMPM that the server will be expecting a login and password to access the files in the package For example assume this header is added to the top of the WID11 DIR file Package Widget 1 1 Date 1999 06 22 Location http www widget com sub25 Access public Files in the package directory may be flagged for special handling by adding a two character directive to the start of the filename Insert the characters at the start of the line but don t attempt to line up the ver sion numbers or hash totals which get shifted over The following directives may be used a Autorun file Executes after update if a was specified on the AMPM command line Only one autorun file may be specified e Configuration file Will only be transferred if it doesn t already exist Hash mis matches will be ignored p PIC overlay file Will only be transferred if a newer version and will notify user of the overwrite Hash mismatches will be ignored s Show this file File will be displayed using VUE after an update completes Multiple show files may be specified they will be displayed in the same order listed in the di
9. Appendix A NETLOG Error Messages The following messages may be seen in the network error log due to startup problems Other messages which may appear in the log file or be output by client programs are listed in the AlphaTCP User s Guide XXX XXXXX unknown service A message of this form indicates the TCP SERVIC file could not be accessed there is a problem with it or it is old and the requested service is not listed in it ARP entry received from address xxxxxxxx on net XXXXXXXX Indicates one or more systems are on the network with an IP address outside of the network range The hex values in the message are the IP addresses of the remote and local systems These can be translated into a real IP address by converting each byte into decimal Can t get xxx host id in TCP NETWRK file exiting There is a problem with the format of the line for device xxx in the NETWRK file cannot load TCP100 OVR The file TCP100 OVR was not found in DSKO 1 4 cannot open package location file LIB AMPM TXT AMPM TXT maps company names to the web address of their package directories An example file LIB AMPM NEW is provided in the release command line too long increase terminal buffer sizes The line length of your terminal as set up by TRMDEF is too short to accept the command AMPM is generating ed_putmsg transmit error status x A packet could not be transmitted on the Ethernet Usually this is followed by an ETH
10. Do not include TCP in this list WEB SERVER CHECK LIST I Log to SYS create WEB ERZ and add all of your accounts and associated ersatz to this file Use the following syntax erz 1 ppn 1 erz 2 ppn 2 erz x ppn x J In each account above ppn x create the file PUBLIC PPN This file can be empty so a program like MAKE will be sufficient Do not create this file in TCP or in any account that contains sensitive information J Create and edit a test system initialization file Use TCPIP INI for simplicity L Increase the number of JOBS by 1 maxuse I After the last ERSATZ line add the following new ersatz statement ERSATZ WEB ERZ Setting up the AlphaTCP Web Server Page of 2 Lu uv O LJ Load TCP HTTPD LIT and TCP HTTPD RTI into system memory using the following syntax SYSTEM TCP HTTPD LIT SYSTEM TCP HTTPD RTI J Immediately following the last SYSTEM command add the following line SMEM existing 106K maxuse Note If SMEM already exists simply increase the available memory by 106K 1 maxuse See memory requirements worksheet Log to LIB and rename LIB MIME NEW to LIB MIME TYP Log to TCP and verify that TCP TIMZON is properly set up Edit the TCP CONFIG file Remove the from the start httpd 100k line or add this line if it does not exist Rename TCP HTTPD NEW to TCP HTTPD HTM Note This is a sample file and must be customized to your operation once the server is operational
11. Memory Total Total Possible eee ae to depman a CALCULATING SMEM MEMORY AND ADDITIONAL JOB REQUIREMENTS Fe Tanter Poeta atx ss ee eee ee Zo a ae smtpd 42 X 131 Trivial File Transfer Protocol ae ae tftpd X 41 T Ea rwhod QO or Jo slipd Facer telned ana Application Memor appl req ser a pop3d cnc ee Fa poppwd m a ited 1 X o httpd X Line Printer Server pd X tcpjob smem Totals for SMEM and Jobs tcpmem is used when setting up the TCPEMU jobs memory allocation tcpjob is the additional jobs to add to the JOBS statement smem is the additional memory to add to the SMEM statement If no other shared memory applications exist then this is the SMEM memory allocation These memory requirements assume the associated programs are loaded into system memory When using this service enter the maximum number of simultaneous users allowed plus one If this service is not used leave the memory requirements blank When using this service enter the maximum number of TCP based printers plus one If this service is not used leave the memory requirements blank When using this service enter the maximum number of incoming and outgoing connections allowed plus two If this service is not used leave the memory requirements blank Calculating AlphaTCP Memory Requirements Page of 1 Initial AlphaTCP Setup SYSTEM INFORMATION Customer System Name SSD
12. Modifying the System Initialization File Page 4 3 11 If the TCP account is not on DSKO add a MOUNT devn command before the first SYSTEM statement devn is the disk TCP resides on 12 If you will be using AlphaNET with AlphaTCP and an LDV using ITC tunneling you must add a NETFAM command to load NETFAM SYS the AlphaNET networking software This re places the NETINI command you would use if you were setting up an AlphaNET network using an NDV NETFAM must come after the MSGINI command and before the first SYSTEM state ment 13 Next modify the SYSTEM statement section Add the following lines anywhere within the SYSTEM statements but before the final one SYSTEM TCP IPCINI N 100 100K SYSTEM RTI LIT Unless it is already loaded which is common enter SYSTEM CMDLIN SYS If using TCP IP print servers add SYSTEM DVR TLP DVR SYSTEM TCP LPR LIT SYSTEM TCP LPR RTI If using TCP device driver daemon add SYSTEM DVR TDD DVR SYSTEM TCP TDDD LIT SYSTEM TCP TDDD RTI If AMOS printers will be accessible via TCP IP add SYSTEM TCP LPD LIT SYSTEM TCP LPD RTI If accepting FTP sessions add SYSTEM TCP FTPD LIT SYSTEM TCP FTPD RTI If accepting TFTP sessions add SYSTEM TCP TFTIPD LIT SYSTEM TCP TFTPD RTI If using SMTP mail add SYSTEM TCP SMTPD LIT SYSTEM TCP SMTPD RTI If
13. NAME whatever you call network 1 FORWARDTO 33619970 This completes the setup of the example networks System A should now be able to access System B and vice versa NTSTAT on either system should show a gateway to the opposite network Runtime Control ITCD will respond to usr1 and usr2 signals sent using UKILL The usr1 signal will force ITCD to disconnect all active connections If further AlphaNET traffic ar rives the connection will be reestablished automatically The usr2 signal toggles the debug mode on or off the same mode which may be enabled using the d switch on the ITCD command line This can be useful if you are having connection problems and only want to log activity for a short time For information on UKILL and sending signals see Chapter 6 Security As ITC messages are being transferred ITCD is open to the same security issues as AlphaNET If you have an Internet connection the server may be accessed by anybody Limiting this is the requirement that all hosts connecting have an AlphaNET address listed in the ITCD configuration file If no entry exists for the connecting host the connection will be dropped IP spoofing attacks may be a concern although most AlphaNET based communication performs a lot of handshaking which would also have to be spoofed AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 32 Chapter Five If you are concerned about IP spoofing attacks on the ITC server you may want
14. Rev 12 Advanced Web Server Usage Page 9 11 Redirect cgi bin virtual Next create the file TCP VDOM CFG and place the hostname to url mapping lines in it The format of these lines is fhost url For example you might have a home page for your company which sells widgets and a different one for your school of widget design Here is an example configuration file for this www widgets com sales home htm www widget design edu teach home htm This should allow display of the proper home page for a domain The rest of the pages in the domain should not need redirection Finally you might want to handle old browsers which don t supply a Host line Normally VDOM will return an error You might prefer to display your own page which may contain a selection of the do mains you are hosting instead This is done by creating a web page with the name TCP VDOM HTM If this file exists VDOM will return it instead of an error message SAMPLE APPLICATIONS These sample applications demonstrate a couple of simple uses of the web server s form support SYSTAT Demo The following simple application performs a SYSTAT As there is no o meta character on the com mand line the program output is trapped and used In the application definition file add the following definition Demo application to run SYSTAT Application get system status Command SYSTAT Memory 50k Kill Yes Decode No Account SYS Mime text plain
15. cookie demo is usually invoked using a query string arguments following the URL separated by a ques tion mark then the path would be cookie demo If the web application is invoked with the special prefix cgi bin then the path would be cgi bin cookie demo If the web application could be invoked by either method set the path to and the browser will supply the cookie in all requests to the system regardless of the path Expiration is tricky as it must be supplied relative to the GMT timezone If no expiration is given the cookie will expire when the browser exits AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 9 10 Chapter Nine SUPPORTING AUTHORIZATION Authorization allows you to request a user name and password before supplying a document The docu ment may be located in a directory without PUBLIC PPN thus preventing direct access to it or it may be generated in response to the request Authorization is done with a user supplied program A skeleton AlphaBASIC application BAS WEBAUT BAS is provided in the AlphaTCP release to assist with this Three functions must be supplied in the program to make it useful These functions convert a device ppn string to a user friendly form validate the user name and password and generate the actual page The comments at the start of the skeleton program describe a DO file which must be created and the application definition which must be added to TCP HTTPD APP Each link to a protected pag
16. defined 5 1 defining job 4 4 defining terminal 4 2 LOGCTL command 6 2 LOGEFMT command 6 3 opening a log file 6 2 operating 5 2 security 5 2 sending an error message 6 2 NETLOG error messages A 1 NETSTA command 6 3 Network classes 1 4 Network statistics displaying 6 3 Networks file 3 4 NETWRK file 1 4 3 4 3 13 NSLOOK command 6 10 O ONLINE command for SLIP 7 2 Optimizing performance 8 1 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 P package manager 6 19 Performance optimizing 8 1 PIC Product Installation Code 2 3 POP3 mail 3 19 spawning POP3D server 3 8 3 19 5 19 POP3 protocol 1 6 POP3D security 5 20 POP3D server 5 18 POPUSR file 3 19 POST Method Arguments 9 8 Prerequisites 2 1 Printer initialization file 3 17 Printers dynamic IP 5 22 Privilege level for FTP users 5 10 PS command 6 8 PUBLIC PPN 9 3 publically accessible devices 5 28 PUT and DELETE Methods 9 9 R reading the network error log 6 17 relative references 9 1 REPLY command for SLIP 7 2 Requirements disk space 2 2 memory See Memory requirements RESOLYV file 3 4 3 12 Restarting servers 6 9 ROUTE command 6 6 Routing table changing 6 6 displaying 6 3 6 6 RPC 5 9 RWHO information provided 5 34 memory requirements 5 35 security 5 35 spawning RWHOD server 3 8 RWHOD server 5 34 S Script files for SLIP 3 16 7 1 Security BBSERV
17. ether 2560 packets successfully received 4655 packets successfully transmitted O packets lost 0 receive errors O transmission errors O collisions detected AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 6 Chapter Six ROUTE ROUTE lets you see and change the network routing table AlphaTCP uses the routing table to send packets to remote destinations ones not on the local network For each remote destination the routing table assigns a gateway a host on the local network which is also attached to one or more other net works Packets are sent to the gateway which sends them on to their destinations Your local computer need not know the whole route It only needs to know which gateway a packet should be sent to For a discussion of subnetting see Chapter 1 The routing table is stored in memory while AlphaTCP is running not on the disk This means you need to recreate it each time your computer is rebooted Only one copy of ROUTE may be run at a time If you have multiple routes to set up create a command file to run the ROUTE commands one after the other If you have only a single default route the simplest method is to spawn the ROUTE command with 200K as if it is a server within the CONFIG file Once the command has done its work the job will be deleted and the memory freed Again do NOT spawn more than one copy of ROUTE The format for ROUTE is ROUTE option command destination gateway optio
18. from the start ited 100k line or add this line if it does not exist Setting up AlphaTCP ITC Tunneling Page 2 of 2 Appendix C Mime Types File The MIME types file LIB MIME TYP maps AMOS file extensions to MIME content keywords MIME stands for Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions and provides a method of describing the contents of an e mail or other message HTTPD uses this file as will SMTPD in the future The file contains multi ple lines defining a content type and code an optional content encoding keyword within angle brackets and file extensions to which the MIME definition applies content type code lt encoding gt ext ext For example the MIME type line for web pages HTM is as follows text http lt 7bit gt HTM The currently defined MIME types may be found in Request For Comments RFC 1521 available via anonymous FTP from ds internic net Most files you want to have treated as non specific binary data would be added to the extensions list for the application octet stream type To specify file extensions to treat as pure text add the extensions to the text plain type If this type doesn t exist yet you may add it For example text plain lt 7 bit gt TXT AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Appendix D BBSERV BBS Interface The BBSERV server by itself allows e mail based file retrieval By using the interface provided by BBSERV you may develop an e mail interface to a BBS or database runni
19. local host as well Each line of the file should begin with an AlphaNET CPU is such as 16842753 This should be fol lowed with the corresponding IP address for that host such as 192 0 2 1 Lines beginning with or are treated as comments and skipped You may rename the example file TCP ITCD NEW and use that as a starting point AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 30 Chapter Five Replacing SerialNET Installations When replacing a SerialNET installation with tunneled AlphaNET over SLIP you may want or need to change the AlphaNET addressing used This is especially important when multiple serial lines are in volved SerialNET requires a different network number for each serial line Thus if you have three SerialNET links you have three individual network numbers You may also have a number of gateway definitions on other systems to access these routes With tunneling this requirement disappears Tunneling needs its own network number but not separate ones for each interface To a program using tunneled AlphaNET the world is one big AlphaNET net work The fact that one system is on the local Ethernet and another is across the world over a dialup Internet account is buried in the TCP routing and hidden from AlphaNET On a system with multiple SeriaINET connections being replaced a hub system set up the TCP ITCD configuration file with addresses for all the systems You should use the Ethernet IP addres
20. login password user name The login and password should be unique to the Post Office but the login does not need to be a real login name No embedded spaces are allowed in the login or password The mail name entry may contain embedded spaces and must match the name used by the user when directly accessing mail on AMOS Here s a sample line j_doe jd_paswdl John Doe In the above example the remote POP client would log into the Post Office server as j_doe The Post Office server would then access mail in the local mail package for user John Doe Though handling of embedded spaces may vary between local mail packages in the above example using AlphaMAIL the user s Internet mail address would be john_doe yoursite Changing CONFIG Edit TCP CONFIG and delete the from the beginning of the start pop3d 60k line Many op tions can be included on this start line Consult Chapter 5 before continuing to see if any apply to your installation If you want to allow Eudora users to change their POP password edit TCP CONFIG and delete the from the beginning of the start poppwd 70k line Changing TCPIP ERZ Create an account which may be used by POP3D for storage of files Add an ersatz definition for this account called TCPPOP in the TCPIP ERZ file AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 20 Chapter Three If You Are Using the Web Server There are a number of command line options you may need to use See Chapter 5 for
21. represent the network This is important if you are connected to the Internet The rest of the address is the node number The network number portion of the internet address should be the same for all nodes on the local net work If you are connected to the Internet use the network number assigned to you If you have an iso lated local network any number of the proper format will do The node number portion of the internet address must be unique for each node on the local net work It cannot be all Os or all 255s Gateway computers those attached to two or more different networks have separate internet addresses for each network they are connected to AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 1 4 Chapter One performed in hex or octal as well as decimal If any of the values is preceded with 0 that value is interpreted as an octal number If the value is preceded with Ox it is interpreted as a hexadecimal number This applies to addresses entered from the keyboard and those stored in configuration files It also applies to subnet masks which may be easier to understand in hexadecimal n On some TCP IP implementations including AlphaTCP interpretation of IP addresses may be Network Classes There are three primary network classes A B and C They differ in how much of the internet address makes up the network number and how much makes up the node number There are relatively few class A networks and each network can have
22. Al phaTCP at all You need to add quite a bit more memory pop3d cannot access TCPPOP The POP server was unable to log to the TCPPOP ersatz Either the ersatz name or the account does not exist pop3d electronic mail driver not installed There is no LODEMD in the system initialization file to load the mail driver or it failed to in stall rwhod can t create TCP RWHOD DAT There was a problem allocating the host data file There must be at least 100 contiguous blocks on the device containing the TCP account smtpd cannot access TCPMAL The SMTP server was unable to log to the TCPMAL ersatz Either the ersatz name or the ac count does not exist smtpd cannot allocate email driver impure memory The mail driver needs more memory than the SMTP server has available AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page A 4 Appendix A smtpd cannot begin email driver access The mail driver has refused to grant access to the mailbox of the SMTP server By default this is the user Internet smtpd could not resolve local addresses exiting A failure occurred retrieving the local hosts internet addresses from TCPEMU or no networks are defined smtpd could not resolve local hostnames exiting The SMTP server tried to resolve the host name in TCP MYNAME but was unable to Either the name is bad or there was a problem contacting a domain name server smtpd daemon mailbox xxx invalid The SMTP server mailbox name was n
23. C Closes the current log file Further output goes to the terminal if any attached to the NETLOG job until you use LOGCTL with the o option e Exits This closes any open log file and stops the NETLOG program You can restart it using the NETLOG command as described in Chapter 5 m text Logs text as a message to the current output file If you want to include spaces in your message you must enclose the entire message in quotes o file Opens file as the new log file The default disk account is OPR If another log file is open LOGCTL closes it before opening the new file w file Writes the active log file to the readable file The default disk account is OPR The active log file remains in use For example LOGCTL o TCP LOG2 LST This closes the currently open log file if there is one and opens the file TCP LOG2 LST as the new log file As another example LOGCTL w TCP LOG TXT This writes the contents of the currently active log file to TCP LOG TXT without disabling the active log You can now examine the new file using TYPE VUE or a similar method AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 3 LOGFMT LOGFMT reads a log file created by NETLOG and breaks it into individual files each containing the messages from a single job The syntax for LOGFMT is LOGFMT filename filename is the name of the log file created by NETLOG The file must be closed You can use the LOGCTL command d
24. CONFIG NEW to TCP CONFIG Rename TCP GOTCP NEW to TCP GOTCP CMD Create and edit TCP MYNAME As the only line in this file enter hin Create and edit TCP TIMZON As the only line in this file enter hhmm zone For Ethernet Networks E Edit TCP CONFIG to reflect the following If you are using an AlphaNET NDV J Remove the in front of the ifconfig ecO line containing the word arpa E Change the network number value Use the following syntax ifconfig ec0 netno arpa ethbuf Initial AlphaTCP Setup Page 3 of 6 If you are using a LAN driver LDV I Remove the in front of the ifconfig ec0 am319s line E Change am319s to the name of the LDV you are using LJ Edit TCP NETWRK to reflect the following L Remove the from the ethernet line E Replace the IP address on this line with this systems address Use the following syntax ethernet hia ether eth net Note Subnetted connections are beyond the scope of this quick installation guide For Slip Connections E Create a dialup script in TCP for each SLIP connection that requires one Use the file names from the table above script 0 3 LJ Edit TCP CONFIG to reflect the following l Remove the in front of the ifconfig asy0 line Lj Change the serial port and optional dialup script to the values from the table for asy0 Use the following syntax ifconfig asy0 trmnam 0 script 0 J Copy the ifconfig asy0 line and modify a
25. Chapter Four WHAT S NEXT You have completed the final step in installing AlphaTCP The rest of this book tells you how to use the AlphaTCP features designed specifically to help the network administrator You should now turn to Chapter 8 for information on tuning up your installation AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 5 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes The AlphaTCP emulator TCPEMU is the process responsible for creating the UNIX Streams and TCP IP environment under AMOS It also spawns the servers requested by the administrator at startup and handles the spawning and despawning of all AlphaTCP processes Since most of AlphaTCP operates in the background without physical terminals there is also a network error logger NETLOG AMOS server processes are the equivalent of UNIX daemons Server processes allow remote computers to request local actions They are responsible for allowing a virtual terminal connection into the com puter or accessing local files for transfer For users of AlphaNET VTSER and NETSER could be con sidered servers The AlphaTCP servers are spawned by the TCPEMU job using memory within the shared memory SMEM area Spawning and memory allocation for the various servers are specified by commands in the TCP CONKHIG file This chapter describes special requirements setup and security concerns for each of the AlphaTCP server processes See Chapter 3 for information on TCP CONFIG setti
26. Connection refused Network is unreachable The connection to the name or finger server could not be made at the current time This error commonly occurs with Is and finger requests Server failure The name server found an internal inconsistency in its database and could not return a valid an swer Refused The name server refused to service the request Format error The name server found that the request packet was not in the proper format It may indicate an er ror in NSLOOK TCPMON The TCPMON command allows the system administrator to see data flowing in and out of the AlphaTCP TCP IP stack Data is displayed for Ethernet and SLIP network paths This may help in isolating connec tion problems It is very limited in its display and abilities and does not take the place of a true network monitor TCPMON is invoked as follows AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 15 tcpmon options The available options are aaddress Displays only packets containing the specified IP address ifite Sends all displayed data to the specified log file The file is stored in a compressed form for speed pport Limits the display to only packets containing the specified TCP or UDP port number In place of a port number you may use a service name For example ptelnet or psmtp q Disables the scrolling packet display and may avoid trace overruns caused by the display This switch must be used only when u
27. Create the file TCP TIMZON and enter information about your time zone See Time Zone File TIMZON in this chapter for information Creating Special User Names You must set up a special user name on the system for TCP IP mail By default this user is called Inter net Your mail package may have different requirements See your mail documentation for details about TCP IP or Internet mail If the user name is different you also need to notify the SMTP mail server of this through a start line switch in CONFIG TCP IP mail is handled through this special user Another special user name used is called Postmaster If this is not a real destination in your mail pack age the name may be changed through a start line switch in CONFIG If this is done mail sent through TCP IP to Postmaster is forwarded to the user specified Changing CONFIG Edit the TCP CONFIG file and delete the from the beginning of the start smtpd 125k i line If you are not using a name server remove the i from the line There are many other options on the start line some of which you need to set up if the above user names are different than the defaults You should consult Chapter 5 before continuing to see if any other options apply to your installation Changing TCPIP ERZ Create an account which may be used by SMTPD for temporary storage of files Add an ersatz called TCPMAL for this account into the TCPIP ERZ file Creating Specia
28. FTPDEV RPC file 5 9 FTPLOG command 6 17 FTPUSR file 3 4 5 9 G GET Method Arguments 9 8 GOTCP CMD file 3 5 3 10 4 5 H Handshaking for SLIP 7 4 Hit counters 9 4 Host names defining in HOSTS file 3 11 localhost 4 5 HOSTS file 3 4 3 11 HTTP protocol 1 6 HTTPD 3 20 security 5 28 HTTPD APP file 9 4 HTTPD CVT file 3 4 HTTPD DEV file 3 4 HTTPD HTM file 3 4 HTTPD 5 24 I ICMP protocol 1 6 IDLE command for SLIP 7 2 Image Maps 9 3 Installation AlphaNET number for Ethernet 3 14 checking setup 4 5 CONFIG file 3 6 configuring SLIP 3 9 3 16 downloading the software 2 2 gateways 3 7 memory requirements 3 1 3 9 modem port name 3 16 not on DSKO 2 2 2 3 prerequisites 2 1 setup files 3 3 spawning servers 3 6 3 8 system initialization file 4 1 ERSATZ statement 4 2 JOBALC statement 4 1 JOBS statement 4 1 LDV setup 4 4 MONTST 4 5 NETFAM statement 4 3 SETJOB statement 4 4 SMEM statement 4 4 SYSTEM statement 4 3 testing 4 5 TRMDEF statement 4 2 tcp close time out 3 7 terminal drivers 4 2 testing the servers 4 5 verifying the software 2 3 Internet 1 3 Internet address and host names 3 11 defined 1 3 for this computer 3 13 format 1 3 in HOSTS file 3 11 in NETWRK file for Ethernet 3 15 in NETWRK file for SLIP 3 16 mapping to Ethernet address 6 7 Internet network classes 1 4 Internet Netwo
29. HyperText documents The AlphaNET ITC tunneling server Passes AlphaNET messages over TCP IP connections Line printer server Requires an ersatz name before enabling Line Printer client LPR requires a configuration file before enabling The Post Office Protocol server POP3D requires a configuration file before ena bling POP password modification server Allows Eudora users to change their POP password Allows users to see what computers are on the network The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol server SMTPD requires a configuration file before enabling Simple Network Time Protocol Allows you to synchronize your system time with that of a time server It also adjusts your TIMZON file as needed TCP Access Made Easy server Allows AlphaBASIC or assembly language pro grams to access TCP functions Allows access to a TCP connection through the TDD device and allows incoming TCP connections to non filestructured devices such as TRM The TELNET server for virtual connection into AMOS There are several options available for the telned line The TFTP server for UDP file transfers from remote hosts The server names in this file are case sensitive they must be lower case AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 9 You don t need to start the SLIP servers AlphaTCP starts them automatically if there are i f config lines for the asy0 asy1 asy2 and or asy3 devices
30. LPD server received an unrecognized request from the remote lpd c no valid print format in control file AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 NETLOG Error Messages Page A 3 The control file does not contain one of the supported format types These are P T 0 or v lpd c unable to create temp control data file There is a directory or disk problem on the device where TCPLPD resides lpr bad printer line xxxxx The displayed line has a format problem lpr cannot determine hostname The TCP MYNAME file is empty or the host name defined in it is invalid lpr cannot log to TCPLPR The LPR client was unable to log to the TCPLPR ersatz Either the ersatz name or the account does not exist lpr gethostname failed There is no TCP MYNAME file or there is a problem with it lpr no configuration file There is no TCP LPR file to define the printers lpr no printers defined The LPR client processed the LPR file but found no valid printer definitions lpr unable to register with TLP device The TLP device driver is not defined by a DEVTBL statement or is not loaded into system memory Need AT LEAST nnnK more memory to run This indicates enough memory was available in the TCPEMU job to begin initialization but there is not enough to configure a minimal installation Not enough memory to run TCPEMU This indicates there is not enough memory allocated to TCPEMU to begin configuring
31. Number AMOS User Count ALPHANET SETUP Skip if using LAN drivers LDV in place of AlphaNET Product Installation Code er AlphaNET Network Number for network TCP netno TCP SETUP Product Installation Code zee Host Internet Address hia Subnet Mask snmsk optional Host Internet Name hin host company grp grp com edu gov mil org uk etc Root TCP PPN dev ppn ___ aa J0 Ethernet Buffers ethbuf TCPEMU Memory tcpmem _KB SMEM Memory smem _KB Time Zone hhmm Zone Pacific Standard Time 0800 PST Mountain Standard Time 0700 MST Central Standard Time 0600 CST Eastern Standard Time 0500 EST Installation of an AlphaTCP PIC is not required when running on AMOS 2 3 and later The subnet mask is optional For networks containing subnets contact the network administrator for the subnet mask information This is necessary when the AMOS system must access systems or printers in a subnet Use these default values for simple lower use systems and for initial test Use the attached worksheets to calculate exact memory requirements Initial AlphaTCP Setup Page 1 of 6 SLIP CONNECTIONS Define if Using Serial Line Interface to TCP TRMDEF IDV Port Baud Dialup Script SLIP Connection trmnam idv port baud script optional woo aso aar molas ast sur solaz Tassie wolar
32. When a TELNET connection is started TELNED sends the following message to the remote user Ka KRK KKK KKK Welcome to AMOS KKK KKK KKK You can customize this message by creating the file TCP TELNET and placing your own message in it TELNET will display the contents of this file instead of the standard message Following this message when memory or terminal type needs to be determined TELNET prompts the user for either or both ol Appendix E discusses what your application may need to do when a TELNET job running it is P gt shut down Customizing Many options are available at startup as defined on the start line of the CONFIG file By default TELNED starts on the primary TELNET port 23 requests terminal type and memory size from the user then enters the AMOS LOGON program You can modify this procedure by entering any or all of these parameters on the start line start telned 100k options port memory tdv desc command AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 6 Chapter Five The available options are asec cmin imin llogin ttdv wsize Access time out in seconds Connection is dropped if the job is still not logged in after this period Connection time out in minutes Connection is dropped after this amount of time no matter what is being done Inactivity time out in minutes Connection is dropped after no output has oc curred in this time period When TELNED terminate
33. a large number of nodes so class A networks have 8 bit network numbers Class B networks have 16 bit network numbers Class C networks have 24 bit network num bers allowing a great many networks but relatively few nodes per network The first number of the internet address determines the class of network Class A addresses are from 1 to 127 class B addresses from 128 to 191 and Class C addresses from 192 to 223 Numbers above 223 are reserved for other specialized classes and broadcast addresses Selection of a specific class is determined by the maximum number of nodes you expect to have on a network Class A addresses are reserved for very large institutions For example e 67 0 3 25 is a class A address 67 is the network number the rest of the address specifies the node e 154 1 0 77 isa class B address 154 1 is the network number 0 77 is the node number e 201 3 18 205 is a class C address 201 3 18 is the network number the node number is 205 Subnetting Dividing a single internet network address into multiple physical networks is known as subnetting A computer with multiple physical network connections acts as a gateway between the two networks sending to each subnetwork messages addressed to its group of nodes Each class of IP address has a de fault net mask which defines which bits specify network and which specify host These are built into the TCP stack A subnet mask overrides this default to let you redefine the boun
34. accessed through the ITCD server must be different too For example if AlphaNET nodes accessed directly through the Ethernet NDV are within AlphaNET Network 1 the CPU IDs through ITCD must not be within Network 1 Use the command CVTNID to convert a network group and node set into the Al phaNET CPU ID used within the ITCD file CVTNID may also be used to convert in the opposite di rection by supplying the network group and node number separated by commas Creating ITCD The TCP ITCD file translates AlphaNET CPU IDs into AlphaTCP IP addresses Each host which will be accessed including the local one needs to be defined on a line in the file Each line begins with an AlphaNET CPU ID for example 16842753 followed by the corresponding AlphaTCP IP address for example 192 0 2 1 The two entries may be separated by spaces or tabs AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 21 You must also change your system initialization command file to set up ITC tunneling See Chapter 4 Changing CONFIG Edit the TCP CONFIG file and delete the from the start itcd 100K line WHAT S NEXT You have completed the second step in installing AlphaTCP Go on to the next chapter to find out how to change the AMOS system initialization command file AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 4 Modifying the System Initialization File This chapter contains information on modifying t
35. an autorun program may do anything it wishes it s best to enable this option only when accessing a highly trusted package repository such as one on your own intranet If an autorun file is present and you have not specified the a switch the name of the file will be displayed for you To retrieve a list of packages at the company only specify the company name The package list will be retrieved and will be displayed in VUE For example ampm alphamicro Running an AMPM Package Repository If you maintain a product and your customers systems are connected to the Internet they can easily keep their version current if you operate an AMPM package repository This is done using an ordinary web server on the Internet You may use the AlphaTCP web server or a non AMOS web server If you wish to use anon AMOS web server it will need to allow subdirectory names which look like a PPN specification such as 4 In addition the following MIME type must be added to the server so AMPM can properly handle AMOS contiguous files Add any additional extensions which are contigu ous in your package MIME Content Type Suggested Extensions application x amos contiguous DAT IDX IDA The remainder of this section assumes you are configuring your package repository on an AMOS host You must use AlphaTCP 1 5 earlier versions of the web server are not compatible with AMPM There are two distinct areas to setup an area to store a specific package and an a
36. and receive non AlphaNET packets Continuing it starts up any requested servers by spawning a job within shared memory with the same name as the server and forcing the job to execute the server program AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 3 Once everything is settled a STAT should reveal the TCPEMU job and the servers in SI software inter rupt state Runtime Control TCPEMU will respond to a usr1 signal sent using UKILL The process id pid of TCPEMU is 1 This will cause TCPEMU to write out a usage distribution of message blocks to the network logger This may be useful for tuning AlphaTCP performance as detailed in Chapter 8 For information on UKILL and sending signals see Chapter 6 Security There are no security concerns for the AlphaTCP emulator SLIP SERVER SLIPD The SLIP server SLIPD handles the interface between the serial line and the IP data stream performing the required conversions on the data packet to conform to the SLIP protocol In addition it handles the dialing and connection time out for a dialup SLIP connection via modems Requirements The SLIP server is not started as a normal server process It is started automatically by the TCP emulator in response to configuration of the serial interface asy0 asy3 by the ifconfig command One server is started per asyn device Operation The SLIP server watches both the serial line and the IP stream
37. file in any account containing passwords such as OPR or TCP or any account containing sensitive information SUPPORTING IMAGE MAPS Image maps allow an image which contains hot spots to be displayed by a web browser When the user clicks on different portions of the image the coordinates are passed to a special application on the server s system This application returns the URL defined for the selected hot spot Image maps are created using an existing image usually a GIF file and a hot spot editor This is usually done on a PC or other graphical system Most web guidebooks have information on creating and refer encing image maps AlphaTCP supports NCSA format image maps Special AlphaTCP web server re quirements follow All links to the map file for the image should begin with the word magemap For example the proper reference to the map file for the image web doors gif assuming the map file is in the same directory as the image would be lt A HREF imagemap web doors map gt This tells the AlphaTCP web server to start the imagemap application and pass it the filename WEB DOORS MAP AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 9 4 Chapter Nine The imagemap application needs to be described to the AlphaTCP web server This is done by placing the following definition in the TCP HTTPD APP file Image mapping function Application imagemap Command IMGMAP e 0 a Memory 50k Kill Yes Decode No The pr
38. for SLIP 7 4 CGI BIN scripts 9 5 Changing the TCP close time out 3 7 Checking local job status 6 8 Closing sessions E 1 Comment lines in setup files 3 6 CONFIG file 3 3 3 6 and system performance 8 2 Configuration file See CONFIG file CONTINUOUS command for SLIP 7 2 Converting CPU IDs 6 16 COOKIES 9 9 CVTND command 6 16 D Daemons defined 2 2 DELAY command for SLIP 7 2 DHCP protocol 1 6 DISCARD command for SLIP 7 2 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 index Disk space required 2 2 Displaying network statistics 6 3 displaying routers 6 22 Displaying the routing table 6 3 6 6 DNS See Domain Name Service DNS Domain Name Service DNS RESOLV file 3 12 Domain name service protocol 1 6 Downloading the software 2 2 dynamically configuring using BOOTP or DHCP 3 7 Dynamic IP printers 5 22 E Electronic mail 3 18 Electronic Mail server 3 8 E mail File Server 5 32 Entering the PIC 2 3 Error logging See NETLOG Error messages A 1 Ersatz names 3 5 ERSATZ statement 4 2 Ethernet address in NETWRK file 3 15 mapping to internet address 6 7 second segment support 3 15 setting up in CONFIG file 3 14 F Fill Out Forms 9 5 Firewalls 5 42 FNU2A command 6 17 FTP 1 6 security 5 11 server FTPD 5 8 spawning FTPD server 3 8 tree view 5 12 user names and passwords 5 9 user privilege level 5 10 FTP file 5 9
39. for data It performs the appropriate con versions and transfers one to the other In addition if IP data becomes available and the connection needs to be started over a modem the SLIP server reads the specified script file and attempts to establish the connection Whenever modem connections are established the SLIP server records the source and desti nation Internet addresses of the message which initiated the connection in the file TCP SLIPDn LOG where n is the number of the asyn device the SLIP server is controlling When the connection is termi nated the time it was active is logged to the same file Customizing You may customize the SLIP server to limit incoming packets to certain secure local computers By de fault all incoming packets are allowed Once enabled all incoming packets are discarded unless they are destined for one of the listed internet addresses No other computers will be accessible or have access to computers over the SLIP connection To enable this feature log into TCP and create a file for each serial device you have enabled asy0 asy3 and wish to secure The name of these files is SLIPOK n where n is the number of the asy device 0 1 2 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 4 Chapter Five or 3 you are controlling Inside these files place the internet address not the domain name of each local computer you want to have access For example assume you have two SLIP links asy0 and asy1 A
40. manager based spooler Setting up AlphaTCP For Use With Printer Server Page 2 of 3 I Increase JOBS by one for task manager LJ Add TASK job to JOBALC line JOBALC TASK J Add MANAGR to TRMDEF line TRMDEF MANAGR PSEUDO NULL 100 100 100 J Within the SETJOB area add the following line SETJOB TASK MANAGR 400K TASK JIN E Create and edit TASK JIN and enter the following lines TSKINI S prtini 1 S prtini 2 S prtini x G LJ From SYS execute the MAKQUE file and create a S pooler queue file with approximately 100 or so records For All Printer Types L Edit the TCP CONFIG file Remove the from the start lpr line L Rename TCP LPR NEW to TCP LPR E Map AMOS spoolers to network printers in the TCP LPR file Use the following syntax for each defined printer prtdev 1 prtali 1 prtque 1 prtdev 2 prtali 2 prtque 2 prtdev x prtali x prtque x LJ Add network printer specifications to the TCP HOSTS file or to the Domain Name Server dns as needed Use the following syntax for the TCP HOSTS file prtip 1 prthnam 1 prtali 1 prtip 2 prthnm 2 prtali 2 prtip x prthnm x prtali x Setting up AlphaTCP For Use With Printer Server Page 3 of 3 Setting Up the AlphaTCP Web Server WEB CONFIGURATIONS Web Support Accounts ppn Associated Ersatz erz Maximum simultaneous connections maxuse Define all the accounts that will contain accessible Web related files HTML graphics forms
41. mark yA embedded backslash AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 SLIP Dialup Support Page 7 3 ONLINE commands are processed only once when AlphaTCP is initiated You can have multiple ONLINE commands in a script and list multiple connection times per command but there is a maximum of ten time periods in a script You specify a time period by listing one or more two letter abbreviations for the days of the week followed by the desired time period in parentheses in military 24 hour format The first letter of the day abbreviation must be capital and the second must be lower case so the allow able codes are Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su If you include multiple connection times in a single com mand you must separate them with a space Here is a sample ONLINE command ONLINE MoWeFr 08 00 09 00 TuTh 18 00 18 30 This command causes SLIP to make a connection from 8 00 to 9 00 AM on Monday Wednesday and Friday and from 6 00 to 6 30 PM on Tuesday and Thursday During these times the computer is avail able on the network At the end of the time period the standard IDLE countdown begins the connection is ended after the line has been quiet for the IDLE period The following is an example of a script file used to dial into a Dial n CERF gateway computer via a Hayes modem AlphaTCP SLIP dialup script for Dial n CERF IDLE 4 EPLY ATEOOQO r IT 1 FOR OK PLY ATDTxxxxxxx r IT 30 FOR CONNECT IT 15 FO
42. meaningful than a 6 by 3 AMOS file name The function used to convert the name is the same one described in the AlphaTCP User s Guide section Converting UNIX File Names to AMOS For example assume the sales department at widgit com has their own account and wants to list their latest pricing They could advertise the following URL http www widgit com sales latest prices html The portion after the host name will be used by the AlphaTCP HTTPD to locate the ersatz and file name for the document To determine the file HTTPD will be looking for use the FNU2A command FNU2ZA sales latest prices html FNU2A returns the following file name which is the file name HTTPD will look for when the above URL is requested sales latpri htm FTPLOG FTPLOG reads the network error log and writes FTP activity to the file TCP FTPLOG LOG The FTPLOG program should only be run once each time TCP IP is started You should make a backup copy of the error log which FTPLOG may read The example startup command file GOTCP NEW does this and runs FTPLOG The format for FTPLOG is FTPLOG LOGFILE LOGFILE is the backup error log to read FTP must have logging enabled to provide any useful infor mation See Chapter 5 TNWRAP The TNWRAP program prevents an application automatically started by TELNED from reaching the AMOS command prompt Normally the session is disconnected when the application exits to AMOS If the window between application exit
43. more information on this server Load the following files into system memory HTTPD LIT and HTTPD RTI Verify that you have created the proper TCP TIMZON file Details for this file may be found earlier in this chapter Create the file MIME TYP in the LIB account The example file MIME NEW may be renamed and used as is Details for this file may be found in Appendix C Creating the HTTPD HTM File The TCP HTTPD HTM file is the default document sent by the server when no other one is selected The format of this file is HTML HyperText Markup Language Writing HTML documents is beyond the scope of this document There are many books available on the subject of writing HTML and Web Publishing one of which is referenced at the end of Chapter 1 A very simple example is provided HTTPD NEW which may be renamed and modified You will need to read the Web Server section in Chapter 5 to use the Web Server My You can change the default document sent by using the m option when starting HTTPD See LS Chapter 5 Changing CONFIG Edit the TCP CONFIG file and delete the from the start httpd 100k line If You Are Using AlphaNET Tunneling The ITCD server automatically installs its own AlphaNET network driver interface when it starts There fore no NETINI line is needed in the system initialization file for this AlphaNET network As this inter face is different than the physical interface installed by NETINI the AlphaNET CPU IDs
44. network Also assume three systems system A is an AMOS 1 4 system with an AlphaNET ID on network 1 of 16842753 system B is running TCP only and has a tunneled AlphaNET ID on network 2 of 33619969 system C is using an NDV and TCP with two AlphaNET IDs one on each network 16842754 and 33619970 System C will be the gateway system It should require no special configuration to support this as long as both networks are available to it AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 31 On system A you need to define the path to network 2 This is done by adding a NETINI statement after the existing one For example NETINI NETOO2 NIN The contents of this file would look much like this NETWORK 2 NAME AlphaNET via AlphaTCP FORWARDTO 16842754 On system B you need to define the path to network 1 This is done with a slightly different form of the NETINI statement as network 2 won t exist yet as far as NETINI is concerned it appears after Al phaTCP is started Add this line after any existing NETINI statements or in place of any NETFAM statement you might have If you have neither add it anywhere before the first SYSTEM statement NETINI T NETOO1 NIN The T switch tells NETINI the gateway system is tunneled and not to complain about the lack of the destination network The contents of the file would look like this NETWORK 1
45. phens The entry is permanent Here is a sample ARP g display AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 8 Chapter Six Internet Address Ethernet Address Type Life 79 0 21 4 08 00 39 00 21 70 temp 1 mins 79 0 3 3 08 00 4E 01 1E 85 temp 9 mins 79 0 20 96 08 00 39 00 20 96 temp 8 mins RIA Ved 08 00 39 00 21 F1l temp 1 mins 79 0 20 9 08 00 39 00 20 49 temp 7 mins 79 0 0 4 08 00 2B 06 6B 2B temp 4 mins 79 0 21 2 ARP request pending ARP request pending indicates an ARP request was transmitted for this internet address but no reply was received PS PS displays information about local jobs under the control of AlphaTCP As AlphaTCP provides a somewhat UNIX like environment to its applications this information is very UNIX like Information shown includes the process id pid parent process id ppid and group id gid The syntax is PS p The PS display looks like this PID PPID PGRP TRM JOB COMMAND 24 24 one one ps 3 1 ftpd ftpd ftpd 2 1 1 telned telned telned 1 0 1 tcpemu tcpemu tcpemu If your process list exceeds one screen you can have PS pause after every screenful of information by including the p switch UKILL UKILL is the AMOS equivalent of the UNIX kill command UKILL sends signals to jobs under control of AlphaTCP for the purpose of terminating old sessions when needed As in UNIX the syntax of UKILL is UKIL
46. problems with a session and only want to log activity for the duration of the session For information on UKILL and sending signals see Chapter 6 Security By manually entering a URL users may request any file they wish The web server limits this by veri fying the requested account contains the file PUBLIC PPN If this file does not exist the request is re fused Do not place a file called PUBLIC PPN in any account which should not be accessible to the pub lic This is especially true of any account which might contain passwords such as 1 2 1 4 and 7 50 Since fill out forms run external programs there are security issues with those programs Only adminis trator configured programs may be run so the risk is limited to the programs themselves See Chapter 9 for more information on fill out forms ITC TUNNELING SERVER ITCD The ITC Tunneling Server ITCD allows AlphaNET communications to be performed over a reliable TCP IP connection This allows native AMOS applications access to the reliability of TCP IP without modification AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 29 Requirements Only one copy of ITCD should be started Do not attempt to start multiple ITCD servers All systems which will be accessible via ITCD including the local one must be listed in the TCP ITCD file This file provides the link between AlphaNET CPU IDs and the TCP IP IP address The CPU IDs use
47. rectory file AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 22 Chapter Six Using the above examples a customer interested in updating his package on DSK3 would log into OPR and type ampm widgetco widll dsk3 The AMPM program would locate widgetco in the LIB AMPM TXT file and request the following URL http www widgets com pkgdir widll dir Upon verifying certain files needed updating AMPM would then use the header information in the WID11 DIR file plus the filename and ppn listed for the file to build a url somewhat like this http www widgets com sub25 p pn filnam ext AMPC Package Index You should maintain an index of packages called AMPM LST in the package directory account This file will be requested whenever a customer runs AMPM with only a company name The AMPMX utility is provided to create this package index AMPMX creates an AMPM LST file in the current login direc tory using the package account specified on the command line For example ampmx pkgdir You should then move the AMPM LST file to the package directory account TROUTE TROUTE displays the routers in the path to a specified host along with the reply time for each This can be useful for identifying connectivity problems TROUTE works much like the TRACERT facility in Microsoft Windows It sends up to three ping packets per hop starting the packet time to live at 1 and increasing it up to the maximum hop count At each router the
48. seconds Each retry doubles the time out period Default 5 seconds abbreviation t i no vc When set always uses a virtual circuit TCP when sending requests to the server Otherwise UDP is used unless a response is too large to fit within a packet Default novc abbreviation no v no ignoretc Ignore packet truncation errors Default noignoretc abbrevia tion no ig server domain lserver domain Changes the default server to domain Iserver uses the initial server to look up information about domain while server uses the current default server If an authoritative answer can t be found the names of servers that might have the answer are returned root Changes the default server to the server for the root of the domain name space Currently the host ns nic ddn mil is used This command is the same as 1server ns nic ddn mil The name of the root server can be changed with the set root command finger name gt filename finger name gt gt filename Connects with the finger server on the current host The current host is defined when a previous lookup for a host was successful and returned address information see the set querytype A command name is optional gt sends the output to filename while gt gt appends the output to filename ls option domain gt filename ls option domain gt gt filename List the information available for domain optionally creating gt or appending to gt gt f
49. support SLIP connections See Chapter 5 for information on SLIP log and security files Changing CONFIG SLIP Connection 1 Remove the at the beginning of the ifconfig asy0 line Change modem1 to the name of the terminal and change dialup sl1p to the script file name see Chapter 6 If the serial line is hardwired that is you are not using a modem for this connection remove the script file name If this is a modem connection you need to create a script file which will be used when AlphaTCP needs to establish communications over this link see Chapter 6 You may use a communications package to manually perform the login sequence then transcribe this session into a script file SLIP Connections 2 4 Make the above changes to the asy1 asy2 and asy3 lines as required Changing NETWRK SLIP Connection 1 f you are using SLIP change the internet address on the line beginning slip to the proper address for this computer This is the 4 place dotted decimal address of the host Enter it in place of the 192 0 3 1 value onthe slip 192 0 3 1 serial line The network portion should be the same as the other node on this line and the node number should be unique Delete the at the beginning of the line so slip starts in column 1 but do not delete the remainder of the line past the address SLIP Connection 2 Make a copy of the line beginning s1lip and make the same changes as for SLIP Connection 1 but change the slip to slip
50. the TELTYP terminal driver must be Ss loaded in system or user memory It s usually easiest to load this driver into system memory in your system initialization file If you would prefer to have the web server return an existing page to the user rather than gener ating one yourself output the following as the only line in the output file sendfile filespec where filespec is the page or file to be returned The file should not reside on a publicly accessi ble device nor in an account with the PUBLIC PPN file as the file would then be accessible without running the application Filenames Appended to a URL When an application is referenced by a URL in a document the application name may be followed by a filename simply by continuing the path This filename may be passed to the application on the command line using either the f or v meta characters Both meta characters pass a name which has been converted with the standard filename conversion func tion The v meta character validates the name as a file which actually exists in an account with public access one with a public ppn file in it If validation fails the application will not be started and the browser will be sent an error As an example of this filename usage assume the following link occurs in a document AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 9 8 Chapter Nine lt FORM ACTION demo program demos sample txt gt The demo program application will be s
51. there will be times when AlphaTCP needs to close a session and despawn a job which is cur rently running an application When writing applications which may run under AlphaTCP control even if they are not specifically network applications you need to keep this in mind and design your programs so AlphaTCP or any other controlling process can properly shut down your application and reclaim the resources it was using before it despawns a spawned job The following sections discuss why this is necessary how AlphaTCP attempts to terminate applications and how you can make sure this process works smoothly with your application TERMINATING APPLICATIONS ON VIRTUAL TERMINALS Traditionally jobs and terminals were allocated at boot time and existed until the next reboot An appli cation could assume the only reason to exit was because either the program or user wanted to If the ap plication didn t want the user to exit it simply trapped the CTRLYC key In fact ETRLYC is used in various applications to terminate an activity while allowing the program to stay in control With the proliferation of network based and task swapping virtual sessions this is no longer true Jobs and terminals are created on the fly and task server jobs are shared between different users Applications must allow for a third source of exit requests the controlling job Under AlphaTCP TCPEMU can only close a session and reclaim its resources if the job is at AMOS
52. tions to retrieve any images referenced by the document Documents reference images and other documents via a Universal Resource Locator URL The URL is a path to the document or image specifying the transfer method the host and a UNIX style path A typi cal URL looks like this http www widgit com sales products prices html method hostname UNIX style path a The AMOS web server uses the same format using ersatz names to hide the AMOS directory structure For example the following URL references the SALES NEPRIN HTM file on an AMOS system http www widgit com sales neprin htm ersatz AMOS file name The filename conversion function described in Chapter 2 of the AlphaTCP User s Guide is also used This allows your URL to look more descriptive than the AMOS filename it references For example the above example filename is rather meaningless However the following URL references the exact same file http www widgit com sales new products info html You may choose to understand the name conversion function or you may simply use the FNU2A pro gram to determine the resulting AMOS filename for you when creating URLs For example run the following command FNU2A sales new products info html This displays the resulting AMOS file specification sales neprin htm This is where you should place the document under AMOS Details on creating documents are beyond the scope of this document T
53. to set up a firewall router and filter packets to the ITCD server port By default the server port is TCP port 2001 although this is not a standard and may be different at some sites E MAIL BASED FILE SERVER BBSERV The e mail based File BBS Server BBSERV allows users to request files via electronic mail Also provided is an interface which allows a programmer to link a BBS type service to BBSERV This inter face is described in Appendix D Requirements Only one copy of BBSERV should be started Do not attempt to start multiple BBSERV servers BBSERV is set up so it can run without AlphaTCP As such it does not use the network logger like most servers If you have problems setting up BBSERV start it up on a normal job with a real terminal to see any error messages BBSERV requires about 100K of memory to run BBSERV requires an account where temporary files may be created You must define an ersatz account called BBSERV A file called BBSERV HLP should be created in the BBSERV account This file should contain in structions on using the server It will be mailed to any user requesting help or whenever no other re quests can be located in a mail message The sample file BBSERV NEW may be renamed and used as a starting point A mailbox must be created This mailbox will be accessed using the electronic mail driver supplied with your mail package By default the mailbox name will be bbs The name info is also a popular one and
54. to write and run programs using the TAME monitor calls or AlphaBASIC XCALLs Finishing Up the CONFIG File You can now save the file and exit the text editor Modifying other AlphaTCP files is required to finish enabling some of the options discussed in this section for example you must modify the NETWRK file to complete SLIP connection setup so be sure to read the rest of the sections in this chapter before moving on TCPEMU Startup File GOTCP CMD The TCPEMU job runs the TCP GOTCP CMD file The file is shipped with AlphaTCP as GOTCP NEW and should be edited to reflect your computer configuration and renamed to GOTCP CMD The GOTCP NEW file looks something like this alae LOG TCP LOGIN TCPEMU job SYSTEM SERVICE WAIT NETLOG RENAME NETLOG OLD FTPLOG NETLOG OLD FORCE NETLOG LOG TCP SYSTEM SERVICE NETLOG TCP NETLOG LST make sure NELOG at dot get previous log file process FTP activity start up NETLOG job NETLOG LST D Ne Ne Ne Ne WAIT NETLOG wait for NETLOG to run TCPEMU Start up TCP IP The initial GOTCP CMD file references the SYSTEM SERVICE user name to log the TCPEMU and NETLOG jobs into the TCP account If this is not a valid user name on your computer either add it us ing MUSER or change GOTCP CMD accordingly Both jobs must be logged into TCP If logging in as SYSTEM SERVICE requires a pass
55. user capabilities so set it properly AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 12 Chapter Five Privileges for users connected via FTP are limited to those defined for the user name they are logged in under FTP has these general restrictions e FTP cannot execute programs and is limited primarily to file transfers e Files cannot be copied into any account other than the login one no matter what privilege level the user is e File get is limited to the login account if the user does not have log privileges and accounts containing a PUBLIC PPN file if granted that privilege e Get is allowed over AlphaNET only if the user has net privileges e Ifa device has no access set FTP cannot copy files to or from it It may display a directory however Failure because of no access is displayed as device does not exist e File protection flags are checked unless the o switch is used TCP IP is treated as group 5 See the AMOS Monitor Calls Manual for more information FTP cannot copy the USER SYS file or the TCP FTPUSR file This provides some security for TELNET and FTP user names However if there are copies of these files with different names such as backup files FTP will happily transfer those and give away the whole show Also these files are accessi ble through a TELNET login see the section on the TELNET server Passwords should not be easily guessable and should preferably contain both upper and lower case l
56. using POP3 mail add AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 4 4 Chapter Four SYSTEM TCP POP3D LIT SYSTEM TCP POP3D RTI If using the Web Server add SYSTEM TCP HTTPD LIT SYSTEM TCP HTTPD RTI You may want to put other AlphaTCP programs in system memory to save memory or improve performance See the next section 14 If you are using an LDV network interface driver you must add a SYSTEM statement for it SYSTEM name LDV 1 6 N name is the name of the LDV for your Ethernet interface If you use an AM 362 you must specify the address of the AM 362 board in the SYSTEM statement The format is SYSTEM AM362 LDV 1 6 N addr addr is the device address from 1 6 1 You must allocate shared memory for the servers using the SMEM statement The SMEM state ment must come right after the final SYSTEM statement There must be only one SMEM line in the file The line will look like this SMEM memory You should already have calculated the memory requirements as described earlier Enter that number for memory above If shared memory is already defined make sure it s in the proper place not before or inside the SYSTEM statements and specify enough memory for both AlphaTCP and whatever else is using the shared memory area 15 To make sure the NETSER job is running before you start these jobs place a WAIT NETSER statement above the following SETJOBs assuming you are using Alph
57. with the form data will be different as AMOS is a different environment than UNIX This is what we will focus on sl Appendix E discusses issues relating to shutting down spawned jobs which are running applica tions You need to keep these issues in mind when writing a forms application Always Relative to Root All URLs dealing with form applications on AMOS must begin with a forward slash This prevents the browser from prepending path information relative to the form All applications are defined in a single place so the directory the form is located in should not be used in the application selection AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 9 6 Chapter Nine Application Definition File All applications referenced by the web server must be defined in the application definition file TCP HTTPD APP Each application should begin with a comment a line starting with a hash mark or a semicolon then the application keyword The format of an application definition is as follows Comment to describe the application Application url name Command actual command with options Memory memory needed K for kilobytes Account Ersatz or dev ppn to run in Kill Yes or No Decode Yes or No Mime type cod The line application contains the application name as found in a URL Although you always place a forward slash before the application name in a document you do not place the forward slash on this line The line com
58. your domain If you are not using DNS all hosts must be listed in the TCP HOSTS file It is very important this is done correctly The ersatz TCPMAL must be created for an account where SMTPD may write temporary files A special user must be set up in the mail package By default this special user is Internet The Internet user name may be overridden if the mail package uses a different naming convention There must be a postmaster defined someone who is responsible for administration of the mail and can answer questions about mail users and the site By default SMTPD will attempt to send the mail to Postmaster You may override this and forward mail destined for the postmaster to a real user in the mail package If you chose not to do this then you must have a user Postmaster in the mail package You should load the SMTPD LIT and SMTPD RTI files in system memory Operation SMTPD operates as both a client and a server When a connection is requested SMTPD forks a copy of itself to handle the incoming mail Also periodically SMTPD forks a copy of itself to bridge mail be tween AlphaTCP and the local mail package After this completes SMTPD checks to see if there is now mail to be sent out If so SMTPD forks copies of itself to handle the outgoing mail If you are using DNS multiple hosts may be accessed based on MX records until a connection is made In any case should all connection attempts fail the delivery will be retried in var
59. 0 VALUE Doe gt lt P gt First Name lt INPUT TYPE text NAME first name SIZE 20 VALUE John gt lt P gt Deceased lt INPUT TYPE radio NAME dead VALUE yes gt Yes lt INPUT TYPE radio NAME dead VALUE no CHECKED gt No lt P gt lt INPUT TYPE Submit VALUE Send gt lt INPUT TYPE reset VALUE Reset gt lt FORM gt Accessing this page and clicking on the Send button should result in the output from the program ap pearing on your screen as a formatted web document Compare the output with the source document above to see how some of the features work in real life The program will return a document which looks something like this BASIC Form Demo Command Line Parameters Input filename w00011 WAI Output filename URL embedded filename Environment Variables Query string Path info testing sys ver lit Path translated DSKO V Remote addr 192 245 21 Request method POST Script name basic demo Server protocol HTTP 1 Server software Server nam Server port 80 End trusted environment Content length 37 Content type Input File Contents last name Doe first name John dead no AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 w00011 WAO Environment variables filename WOO0011 WAE DSKO VER LIT 1 4 ER LIT 1 4 8 73 0 AMOS HTTPD 1 3 106 stevel alphamicro com application x www form urlencoded Page 9 14 Chapt
60. 000 orders Defining Dynamic IP Printers Many users of dialup TCP IP services are assigned a different IP address each time they connect to the Internet This is known as dynamic IP addressing Obviously if someone has a different IP address each time he or she connects to your computer you cannot assign his her local printer an AMOS printer name in LPR To allow these users to print to their local printers you can assign one or more printer names to be used as dynamic IP printers A dynamic IP printer is basically a printer slot which has a name but no physical printer or IP address defined The remote user can use the MYLPR command discussed in the AlphaTCP User s Guide to assign the printer name to his her local printer temporarily To define a dynamic IP printer 1 Create a spooler initialization file defining the printer name and device name as described above As with a permanent TCP printer the device name is TLP SPOOL and SPOOL must be a unique name to use for this printer For example DEVICE TLP TEMPPC 2 In the LPR file add a line for this printer name Instead of the host name enter an asterisk For example TEMPPC queuel That s all there is to it Any remote user can now use the MYLPR command with the device name you ve assigned the dynamic IP printer in our example TEMPPC then print reports from your AMOS computer to a local printer You can assign multiple dynamic IP printers by
61. 1 2 Symbol filespec p pn to TEXT text text parameter COMMAND command CTRL C Chapter One Meaning An AMOS file specification that identifies a specific file within an account A complete filespec for the local computer is made up of the device name the file name the file extension and the account number For example DSKO SYSTEM INI 1 4 A file specification may also consist of an ersatz name which specifies a par ticular disk account and a file name like this TCP NETLOG LST A file specification for a remote computer includes the host name of the remote computer The exact format depends on the network protocol This abbreviation represents an account on a disk where you can store files and data An actual disk account number looks like this 100 2 or 1 4 Optional parts of a command appear in braces You can enter exactly what is in the braces or substitute the correct value if it s a parameter Do not include the braces For example DIR switch indicates switch is not required This bold typeface represents characters you type Since many AlphaTCP commands are case sensitive the text may be either upper or lower case Vari able parts of the entry are in italics as noted below We use this bold italic type for variable parts of command examples Replace the text shown with the appropriate entry Text in this TYPEFACE is used for characters the computer display
62. 12 APPENDIX A NETLOG ERROR MESSAGES A 1 APPENDIX B INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION WORKSHEETS B 1 APPENDIX C MIME TYPES FILE C 1 APPENDIX D BBSERV BBS INTERFACE D 1 TOPICS FILE D 1 TOPIC RETRIEVAL D 1 TOPIC POSTING D 1 TOPIC SUBSCRIPTIONS D 2 APPENDIX E APPLICATION TERMINATION E 1 TERMINATING APPLICATIONS ON VIRTUAL TERMINALS E 1 Exit Request Generation E 1 Handling Termination Requests in Assembler E 2 Handling Termination Requests in AlphaBASIC E 2 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Table of Contents Page vii DOCUMENT HISTORY INDEX AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 1 Introduction This manual is for the AlphaTCP administrator the person responsible for installing AlphaTCP and keeping it running properly It includes the following information Chapter 1 contains background information on the basic concepts of networking with TCP IP as well as a bibliography of books we found helpful Chapters 2 through 4 contain information on installing AlphaTCP downloading the software configuring AlphaTCP setup files and modifying the AMOS system initialization command file Chapter 5 discusses the AlphaTCP emulator TCPEMU The TCPEMU process runs as a back ground task and spawns the servers necessary for the various AlphaTCP connections This chap ter also discusses the various servers supported by AlphaTCP such as FTP SMTP POP3 LP and HTTP Chapter 6 describes the AlphaTCP administration c
63. 2 TRMDEF statement 4 2 for SLIP modem 4 2 TROUTE command 6 22 Tunneling and SerialNet 5 30 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 U UDP protocol 1 7 UKILL command 6 8 6 18 Uniform Resource Locator 9 1 UNIX file name conversion 6 17 Uptime information 3 9 URL 9 1 User names and passwords FTP 5 9 User privilege level for FTP 5 10 Users file for FTP See FTPUSR file V Verifying the software 2 3 VIRTUAL DOMAINS 9 10 W WAIT command for SLIP 7 2 Web browser 9 1 Web documents 9 1 counting hits 9 4 Web home page 3 4 Web Server 5 24 Web Servers 3 20 WEBCNT LIT 9 5 WHOIS command 6 18 WHOIS file 3 14 6 18 World Wide Web server 3 8
64. 3 Verifying the Software Before continuing with the installation you should verify that all the files were copied to your disk cor rectly To do so LOG OPR VERIFY TCP OPR TCP DIR file and change the device name and or account number for the 7 50 files to the correct one before you run VERIFY When changing this information be sure not to move the version or hash code information since VERIFY will not work properly if this information is not in the correct columns a If you installed the software somewhere other than DSKO 7 50 you need to edit the If you receive any error messages download the software again If VERIFY still shows an error contact your Alpha Micro dealer ENTERING THE PRODUCT INSTALLATION CODE My If you are installing AlphaTCP on a system running AMOS 2 3 or later skip this step Once you P gt have entered the PIC for AMOS itself AlphaTCP does not need to be encoded separately Like most Alpha Micro software products AlphaTCP is keyed to the Software Security Device SSD in your computer and requires you to enter the correct Product Installation Code PIC for your SSD before you can use the software Be sure your AlphaTCP PIC is for the same number of users as your AMOS license Your Al phaTCP license should match the number of licensed AMOS users not the anticipated number of AlphaTCP users Once yov ve verified the software has been downloaded correctly follow this procedure to install th
65. 46 ms 141 ms 139 ms 206 58 214 193 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 24 Chapter Six 6 unr host ai unr host 206 58 214 193 Trace failed at 6 hops Note that the router at hop 6 responded with a host unreachable error Although it appears there is a routing loop at hop 5 this is not the case At hop 5 the router decremented the time to live to zero and discarded the packet At hop 6 the time to live was still above zero so the router attempted to route the packet and didn t find a route AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 7 SLIP Dialup Support SLIP is the Serial Line Internet Protocol and provides one of the more popular methods for using TCP IP over serial lines or modems Most SLIP implementations provide no modem support requiring the user to establish the connection outside of SLIP AlphaTCP provides additional capabilities within the SLIP server which allow it to handle the connection process automatically Since the connection pro cess may be as simple as dialing the modem or as complex as performing a login and requesting conver sion to a SLIP connection the SLIP server reads a script file You define all the functions needed to es tablish the SLIP connection in the script file If your installation uses a hardwired serial interface you do not need to create a script file sl See the end of this chapter for information on building cables to make SLIP connections between P gt AMOS computer
66. 5 61 Maximum of 30 hops 3 second timeout Detecting routing loops printing hostnames 1 2 ms 2 ms 2 ms 192 168 1 254 private 2 130 ms 126 ms 129 ms ewok continet com 3 x x ss Request timed out 4 148 ms 145 ms 144 ms 192 168 255 1 private 5 161 ms 150 ms 142 ms fa 6 0 0 a01 eugnor0l us ra verio net 6 146 ms 142 ms 149 ms pdx12 t3 0 1 0 or nw verio net 7 152 ms 166 ms 139 ms ge 1 0 0 r00 ptlidor0l us bb verio net 8 159 ms 143 ms 139 ms nsO verio net Trace completed in 8 hops Note that the local router is using the private IP address of 192 168 1 254 and one of the routers at the ISP is using the private IP address 192 168 255 1 Had the ISP s router been using 192 168 1 254 also then TROUTE would have falsely detected a routing loop at hop 4 In that case the r switch would have allowed the trace to continue Hop 3 is a router which doesn t respond to ping requests Failed Traces If TROUTE receives an error from a router other than time exceeded it will display the error and stop the trace at that hop Here is a sample of a failed trace to a private IP address the n switch was also used to illustrate printing addresses instead of names Tracing route to 10 0 0 1 10 0 0 1 Maximum of 30 hops 3 second timeout Detecting routing loops printing addresses 1 3 ms 2 ms 2 ms 192 168 1 254 private 2 137 ms 126 ms 122 ms 206 58 169 33 3 Request timed out 4 141 ms 142 ms 144 ms 192 168 255 1 private 5 1
67. 6 10 Interactive Mode 6 10 Interactive Mode Commands 6 10 Error Messages 6 14 TCPMON 6 14 Understanding Packets 6 15 CVTNID 6 16 FNU2A 6 17 FTPLOG 6 17 TNWRAP 6 17 WHOIS 6 18 KLPR 6 18 IPCFG 6 18 AMPM 6 19 Synchronizing With an AMPM Package Repository 6 19 Running an AMPM Package Repository 6 20 AMPC Package Index 6 22 TROUTE 6 22 Successful Traces 6 23 Failed Traces 6 23 CHAPTER 7 SLIP DIALUP SUPPORT 7 1 SERVER SCRIPT PROCESSING 7 1 SCRIPT CREATION 7 2 THE SLIP LOG FILE 7 3 SLIP CABLING 7 4 MODEM CONFIGURATION 7 4 CHAPTER 8 TUNING ALPHATCP PERFORMANCE 8 1 IPCINI COMMAND 8 1 TCPEMU MEMORY 8 1 CONFIG FILE 8 2 Ifconfig Setup 8 2 TCPEMU MBD FILE 8 2 Determining Allocation 8 3 Determining Usage 8 3 CHAPTER 9 ADVANCED WEB SERVER USAGE 9 1 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page vi Table of Contents HOW WEB DOCUMENTS ARE INDEXED 9 1 Absolute and Relative URLs 9 1 Same System Different Directory 9 2 How AMOS Handles URLs 9 2 SUPPORTING IMAGE MAPS 9 3 SUPPORTING HIT COUNTERS 9 4 SUPPORTING FILL OUT FORMS 9 5 Always Relative to Root 9 5 Application Definition File 9 6 UNIX and AMOS Differences 9 6 Filenames Appended to a URL 9 7 GET Method Arguments 9 8 POST Method Arguments 9 8 Supplying MIME Headers 9 8 Command Line Meta Characters 9 9 PUT AND DELETE METHODS 9 9 SUPPORTING COOKIES 9 9 SUPPORTING AUTHORIZATION 9 10 SUPPORTING VIRTUAL DOMAINS 9 10 SAMPLE APPLICATIONS 9 11 SYSTAT Demo 9 11 BASIC Demo 9
68. 8 SMTPDserver 3 8 TELNETserver 3 8 TFTPDserver 3 8 Spawning AlphaNET ITC tunneling server 3 8 Spawning Electronic Mail server 3 8 Spawning LPD server 3 8 SSD Software Security Device 2 3 STARTD command 6 9 Subnetworks 1 4 Synchronizing system time 3 9 5 36 System initialization file 4 1 SYSTEM statement 4 3 System uptime information 3 9 n T TAME server 3 8 TAMED security 5 36 TAMED server 5 35 TCP 1 7 ersatz device 4 2 TCP interface information 6 18 TCP message block size 3 5 TCP printer 3 14 5 20 TCPEMU 5 2 after booting 4 5 allocating job 4 1 defined 5 1 defining job 4 4 defining terminal 4 2 IPCINI command 8 1 memory requirements 8 1 security 5 3 TCPEMU MBD file 3 5 8 2 TCPIP ERZ file 3 5 3 13 3 17 ersatz names 3 5 TCPLPD 5 23 TCPLPD 3 17 TCPLPR 3 17 5 20 TCPMAL 3 18 5 13 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 TCPMON TCP IP stack monitor 6 14 TCPMON command 6 14 TCPPOP 3 19 5 18 TDDD server 3 8 5 40 TDDD file 3 5 TELNED server 5 4 TELNET 1 7 security 5 8 spawning TELNED server 3 8 Terminal driver setup 4 2 Terminating applications E 1 terminating print requests 6 18 Terminating sessions 6 8 6 18 TFTP 1 7 security 5 34 spawning TFTPD server 3 8 TFTPD server 5 33 Time synchronizing 3 9 5 36 Time zone See TIMZON file TIMZON file 3 5 3 13 Tree View FTP 5 1
69. A SERVIC NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP R Because it may contain new definitions you should always use SERVIC NEW renaming it to P gt SERVIC But first look in your existing SERVIC file to see if there are any changes you have made that you want to add to the SERVIC NEW file before renaming it TCP Ersatz File TCPIP ERZ TCPIP ERZ defines the TCP ersatz device A TCPIP NEW file containing an ersatz definition for the default AlphaTCP location DSKO 7 50 is shipped with AlphaTCP If you install AlphaTCP there simply rename that file to TCPIP ERZ If you install AlphaTCP in a different location modify TCPIP NEW for the new location and then rename it to TCPIP ERZ If you need to define other TCP ersatz devices place them in TCPIP ERZ Time Zone File TIMZON The time zone file tells AlphaTCP the name of your time zone along with the number of hours and min utes it is offset from universal time GMT or UTC It is very important to set this file up properly It is currently used in SMTP mail and may be used by future applications My If you are running the SNTPD server you don t need this file When the SNTPD server synchro D gt nizes the system clock it creates this file for the local time zone The file is updated when the time zone adjusts for daylight saving time Because this file is important you should verify SNTPD has been able to create it for you after the SNTPD boot delay period has elapsed Using your
70. AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide alpha micro PRODUC T S 2002 Alpha Micro Products REVISIONS INCORPORATED REVISION DATE 00 April 1993 01 January 1994 02 February 1995 03 July 1995 04 December 1995 05 September 1996 06 November 1996 07 May 1997 08 November 1977 09 March 1999 10 September 1999 11 April 2000 12 September 2002 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide To re order this document request part number DSO 00187 00 This document applies to AlphaTCP version 1 5A and later The information contained in this manual is believed to be accurate and reliable However no responsi bility for the accuracy completeness or use of this information is assumed by Alpha Micro Products The following are registered trademarks of Alpha Micro Products Irvine CA 92614 AMIGOS AMOS Alpha Micro AlphaACCOUNTING AlphaBASIC AlphaCALC AlphaCOBOL AlphaDDE AlphaFORTRAN 77 AlphaLAN AlphaLEDGER AlphaMAIL AlphaMATE AlphaNET AlphaPASCAL AlphaRJE AlphaTCP AlphaWRITE OmniBASIC VER A TEL The following are trademarks of Alpha Micro Products Irvine CA 92614 AlphaBASIC PLUS AlphaVUE AM PC AMTEC AlphaDDE AlphaCONNECT DART inSight am inFront am ESP MULTI All other copyrights and trademarks are the property of their respective holders ALPHA MICRO PRODUCTS 17534 Von Karman Irvine CA 92614 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 GRAPHICS CONVENTIONS 1 1 TECHNICAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1 3 Internet Addresses 1 3 Network Clas
71. BLIC PPN in the requested account The contents of this file are not important If this file does not exist in the account of the requested file the request will be refused TFTP SERVER TFTPD The TFTP server TFTPD provides a UDP based file transfer capability from a remote computer running TCP IP No user login or authentication is performed so this server should only be started on a secure network TFTP is a simple protocol and lends itself to use in a command file however it can have some strange limitations on the UNIX side due to its lack of security AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 34 Chapter Five Requirements TFTP LIT and TFTP RTI should be loaded into system memory Operation The TFTP server listens for connection requests When one is received it forks by having TCPEMU spawn a job to handle the rest of the connection then goes back to listening The spawned job performs the remote user s requested transfer and exits TFTPD s child processes are logged into DSKO 1 2 and can transfer files or create PPNs anywhere If no device or account information is provided on incoming file names they are written to the login ac count DSKO 1 2 To correct a problem with duplicated requests in the TFTP specification a subsequent access of the same file from the same host on the same port number within 20 seconds is discarded This should not be a problem if the remote host selects a unique port numbe
72. CP based file transfer capability from a remote computer running TCP IP It also supports other functions such as directory listing renaming and erasing files account logging and so on Requirements The file MYNAME must exist in the TCP account and contain the name of the local host as you want it known to other hosts See Chapter 3 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 9 The file RPC FTPDEV RPC may be placed on other AlphaNET computers to allow FTP to list devices on those computers RPC is traditionally located in DSKO 7 34 The files FTPD LIT and FTPD RTI should be loaded in system memory Operation The FTP server listens for connection requests When one is received it forks by telling TCPEMU to spawn a job to handle the rest of the connection then goes back to listening The spawned job performs a simplified login process and handles requests from the remote user When an FTP connection is established FTP sends the message 220 hostname FTP server AMOS TCP IP vl x ready to the remote user You can customize this message by creating the file TCP FTP FTP will display the contents of this file before the standard message Keep each line to 75 characters or less as the FTP server will prepend four characters of its own Customizing AlphaTCP reads the FTP users file FTPUSR to verify login information when a remote user connects to the local computer usin
73. Configuration Files Page 3 15 Changing NETWRK If you are planning on configuring from a BOOTP or DHCP server you do not need to define an IP address or netmask for Ethernet Instead replace the ip address with the word bootp or dhcp and be sure you enabled the bootpc client Change the internet address on the line beginning ethernet to the proper address for this computer This is the 4 place dotted decimal address of the host Enter it in place of the 192 0 2 1 value on the ethernet 192 0 2 1 ether eth net line The network portion should be the same as all other nodes on this network and the node number should be unique Delete the at the beginning of the line so ethernet starts in column 1 but do not delete the remainder of the line past the address Optional Subnet Mask This value overrides the standard class based mask It is appended to the above address with a slash and placed in the same configuration file For example adding a subnet mask to the address in the sample file might look like this ethernet 192 0 2 65 255 255 255 192 ether eth net Chapter 1 has an explanation of subnetting Second Ethernet AlphaTCP 1 5 supports dual Ethernet interfaces on 68060 and ColdFire based systems AlphaTCP may be set up to route between the segments but the segments must not be connected together and the net work portion of the IP address must be different between interfaces A second Ethernet is defined by adding line
74. Datagram Protocol provides a simple connectionless non guaranteed packet delivery service It is used for file transfer using TFTP When using UDP it is up to the higher levels to provide reliability BIBLIOGRAPHY Here is a list of some of the books that discuss TCP IP and networking concepts that we have found help ful Albitz Paul and Liu C DNS and BIND in a Nutshell Sebastapol CA O Reilly amp Associates 1992 ISBN 1 56592 010 4 All about the administration of the Domain Name Service and the most often encountered server implementation Berkeley Internet Name Domain BIND A must if you will be supporting a DNS server and changing name address and mail exchanger records Comer Douglas E The Internet Book Prentice Hall Inc 1994 ISBN 1 56276 192 7 Very good introduction to the Internet and how the protocols and applications work More ad vanced and detailed than How the Internet Works Comer Douglas E and Steven David L Internetworking with TCP IP Volumes 1 3 Prentice Hall Inc 1993 ISBN 0 13 474222 2 Three books that start with an overview of the TCP IP protocol stack then detail the algorithms involved AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 1 8 Chapter One Eddings How the Internet Works ZD Press 1994 ISBN 0 13 151565 9 A very basic introduction to the Internet and how it all fits together Many simple illustrations Ford Andrew Spinning The Web International Thompson Publishing 1995
75. ELNET CONFIGURATION Number of simultaneous sessions sesno Application memory requirements apmem K Terminal Drivers needed enter for all tdvs Logon command logemd optional defaults to LOGON LIT TCP port number cpprt optional defaults to 23 use 0 as placeholder Job memory optional jobmem k or k or k fixed memory default memory memory range Fixed terminal driver tdv optional prompts as default use as placeholder Description desc Optional but mandatory if using stemd below Application startup command i e RUN PARTS overrides logemd stemd Optional TELNET CHECK LIST E Copy your main system initialization file to a temporary INI file L Increase the number of JOBS by 1 plus the number of possible sessions sesno sin a the possible terminal drivers to the system use the following syntax _ Using TDVDEF add the possibl inal dri he sy he following sy TDVDEF To load all the TDV s in DVR or TDVDFF tdvs tdvs tdvs J Increase SMEM memory by sesno apmem 6 106 KB LJ Edit the TCP CONEFIG file and do the following Remove the from the start telned line LI If one or more of logcmd tcpprt jobmem tdv desc or stemd are not default values use the following syntax for the start telned line If using all default values ignore the following start telned 100k llogcmd tcpprt jobmem
76. ER TX failure message The status code is returned from the NDV or LDV A status code 5 usually in dicates excessive Ethernet collisions ftpd tcp ftpusr not present The FTP user login file has not been created httpd could not open mime types file LIB MIME TYP The MIME types file does not exist A sample file MIME NEW was provided with AlphaTCP and likely was not renamed during the installation process Improper SSD The PIC entered does not match the SSD installed in the computer or the TCP100 OVR file is mismatched or corrupted AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page A 2 Appendix A ited bad translation line in file tcp itcd for xxxxxxxx There is a syntax error within the TCP ITCD file on the line which should map the displayed AlphaNET address into an IP address itcd remote connect failed no AlphaNET mapping for XXX XXX XXX XXX There is no entry in the remote hosts TCP ITCD file for the local host s IP address The TCP ITCD files on both systems must contain references to each system ited remote connect failed node insertion failure The remote ITCD probably ran out of memory itcd specified address already defined There is already a network defined with the number ITCD is trying to use You may be trying to run ITCD more than once Most likely you have the network number also used by a driver in voked with NETINI They must have different NETWORK numbers itcd unable t
77. For Comments RFC num ber 1597 If you decide later to connect to the Internet you will need to change your hosts to use an offi cially assigned range of addresses Never allow these addresses to be routed to the Internet RFC number 1627 describes the disadvantages of using these unofficial numbers in greater detail DOWNLOADING THE SOFTWARE You can install part of the AlphaTCP software on any disk device though some files should be on DSKO for computer wide access The files which should be on DSKO take up about 2600 blocks those which can be on any device occupy about 3100 blocks To copy the AlphaTCP software to your hard disk use the commands appropriate for your release me dium For example if you received the software on AlphaCD follow the instructions in the CD ROM case if you received AlphaTCP on streaming tape use the MTURES command and so on The AlphaTCP files are in their proper accounts on the release medium If you are installing all the software on DSKO you can LOG to OPR and copy all the files directly to their proper accounts on DSKO If you are installing the software on a disk other than DSKO log to the disk account where you want to install the majority of the software usually 7 50 on the desired disk device and copy all the files from 7 50 on the release medium to that account All other files should be copied to DSKO AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Downloading the Software Page 2
78. HO server RWHOD provides computer uptime information among all computers running an RWHO server on the network AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 35 My The AlphaTCP version of the RWHO server provides only uptime information and not user login SS information as found under UNIX Much of the login data used is unavailable or meaningless when related to an AMOS computer and support of the user login information would greatly in crease both overhead on the network and local disk storage Requirements The file MYNAME must exist in the TCP account and contain the name of the local host as you want it to be known to other hosts See Chapter 3 The disk containing the TCP account must have at least 13 blocks of contiguous free space for the con tiguous file where the computer uptime information is stored This provides space for uptime information for 100 hosts Operation RWHOD listens for broadcasts from other hosts notifying everybody they are up The uptime portion of these broadcasts is stored in the TCP RWHOD DAT file RUPTIM accesses this file to display up down information on a host by host basis Every two minutes RWHOD broadcasts an up report for itself which other hosts running an RWHO server receive and process Runtime Control If for some reason the information in the RWHOD DAT file becomes stale you can erase it before start ing AlphaTCP or stop it with U
79. ISBN 0 442 01996 3 An extensive and well written book on every aspect of providing information and services via the World Wide Web Hahn Harley and Stout Rick The Internet Yellow Pages Osborne McGraw Hill 1994 ISBN 0 07 882023 5 Extensive listing of services to be found on the Internet Lowe Doug Networking for Dummies IDG Books Worldwide Inc 1994 ISBN 1 56884 079 9 This book contains a friendly discussion of PC oriented network basics Miller Mark A Troubleshooting TCP IP Analyzing the Protocols of the Internet M amp T Books 1992 ISBN 1 55851 268 3 Many packet traces and descriptions intended to aid in the isolation and resolution of TCP IP Networking problems Stevens W Richard TCP IP Illustrated Volume 1 The Protocols Addison Wesley Publishing Co 1993 ISBN 0 201 63346 9 Highly detailed description of the TCP IP protocol and applications Many packet traces and de scriptions of most of the quirks of TCP IP The author participates in the comp protocols tcp ip USENET newsgroup and is often found there answering TCP IP questions Wiggins Richard W The Internet for Everyone A Guide for Users and Providers McGraw Hill 1995 ISBN 0 07 067018 8 A detailed discussion of many of the concepts introduced in this manual such as host names telnet assignment of IP addresses etc AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 2 Downloading the Software This chapter describes the first step in installing Al
80. KILL erase the file and restart it with STARTD Security As no user login information is kept or transmitted there are no security related concerns for the RWHO server TAME SERVER TAMED The TAME TCP Access Made Easy server allows you to write and run AlphaBASIC and assembly language programs which use TCP functions For example you can write a server program which listens for and accepts incoming connection requests This lets you incorporate TCP functionality directly into your application programs Requirements There are no special requirements for the TAME server other than a minimum AMOS version of 2 3 If an application wishes to identify virtual terminal users the minimum AMOS version is 2 3A AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 36 Chapter Five Operation For instructions on incorporating TCP functions into your programs through TAME see the AlphaBASIC XCALL User s Manual DSO 00066 00 Rev 03 or later or the AMOS Monitor Calls Manual DSO 00040 00 Rev 06 or later Also see Appendix E for a discussion of issues relating to application exit on spawned jobs Customizing There is one option available when you start the TAMED server The d option enables debug output It should not be needed during normal operation Security There are no special security concerns for TAMED However remember that the client and server pro grams you write may give your users access to other systems and users o
81. L signal pid pid signal is optional By default a SIGTERM signal is sent to the job a non AlphaTCP program will see an SI EXI software interrupt The only meaningful signal to specify is 9 which is a SIGKILL Avoid sending SIGKILL signals to permanent AMOS processes as the actual SIGKILL translates to a software interrupt abort which does not allow the release of TCPEMU resources For processes spawned by AlphaTCP the SIGKILL signal is handled in a special way AlphaTCP places the process in an internal kill queue then performs various operations to get it to the command prompt over a period of time before resorting to actually performing a software interrupt abort AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 9 If you are running SLIP over a modem and want it to hang up before its normal period you should use UKILL without the signal option This causes SLIP to hang up the phone If another TCP IP packet ar rives to send it will redial the connection You can find the process id pid of the job by using the PS command You can specify multiple process ids on the command line The pid for TCPEMU itself is 1 AlphaTCP is compatible with the AMOS command KTASK which allows servers to be termi nated by job name While signal may be the signal number the following names are also recognized and translated to the appropriate numbers Most of the signals you won t ever use they are inte
82. NTPD file This means there is a short delay between the exact beginning or end of DST and when your system time and TIMZON file change to re flect it Customizing The command to start the SNTPD server has this format start sntpd 85k bmin pmin bmin sets the number of minutes after booting the server first contacts the time server pmin sets the interval it waits before contacting the server again For example this is the default line in the CONFIG NEW file start sntpd 85k b2 p240 The server waits two minutes after booting before checking with the time server then checks every four hours 240 minutes thereafter Security There are no security concerns for the SNTPD server AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 38 Chapter Five BOOTP SERVER BOOTPD The BOOTPD server allows you to maintain network parameters locally for certain devices such as ter minal and print servers When these devices boot they can query bootpd for their configuration rather than maintain it locally Requirements You must create the TCP BOOTPD file This file contains the Ethernet address and startup parameters for clients configuring via the bootp protocol The BOOTPD NEW file included with the software looks like this Sample BOOTP configuration file 00 00 b1 00 00 00 addr 192 168 1 1 mask 255 255 255 0 nameserver nsl widget com ns2 widget com gateway 192 168 1 254 192 168 1 253 hostname sample widget com boot fil
83. OPIC POSTING When BBSERV recognizes a posting request for one or more BBS topics in a mail message it invokes the command BBSPUT to post the information The BBSPUT function must be provided by the BBS An input filename is passed on the BBSPUT command line This file contains information about the posting including the message itself AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page D 2 Appendix D e The first line begins with the keyword CATEGORY and one or more BBS topics to which the message be posted If more than one is listed they will be separated with commas e The second line begins with the keyword TITLE and contains the subject line of the original mail message This may be used as the subject of the posting e The third line begins with the keyword USERNAME and contains the e mail address of sender This may be a local or internet style address depending on the mail messages source e The fourth line is blank followed by the text of the message to be posted The rest of the file should be read in as lines of the message TOPIC SUBSCRIPTIONS BBSERV recognizes requests to subscribe to or unsubscribe from the various BBS topics These are ap pended to the file BBSERV BBSERV SUB for processing by an external program at some time in the future No other processing is done by BBSERV Subscriptions must be enabled using the s switch Each line in the file consists of the fol
84. PCFG displays address network mask and optional DHCP lease period assigned to TCP inter faces AMPM allows you or your customers to keep your products up to date by contacting a com pany s web server and retrieving a package directory TROUTE displays the routers in the path to a host AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 2 Chapter Six The following sections describe each of these commands in detail Other network information com mands such as RUPTIM PING and TELDMP are described in the AlphaTCP User s Guide Error messages which could be returned by these commands are described in the AlphaTCP User s Guide LOGCTL If you follow the installation instructions in Chapters 2 4 when you boot your computer the NETLOG job runs the NETLOG program using TCP NETLOG LST as the output file the TCP GOTCP CMD file starts the program and selects the output file All AlphaTCP error messages are sent through NETLOG to the NETLOG LST file LOGCTL talks to the NETLOG job and allows you to perform functions such as closing the log file opening a new one or logging a user message Once a log file is closed you can examine it using a text editor or the TYPE command You may also process the log file using the LOGFMT program see be low The syntax for LOGCTL is LOGCTL option option tells LOGCTL what you are requesting Possible options are a file Appends to an existing log file without erasing the contents
85. PD file All other fields are preserved Security Since BOOTPC broadcasts a request for configuration information on the network it s possible for someone to operate a rogue BOOTP DHCP server on the network This server can give incorrect pa rameters to the client TDDD The TCP Device Driver Daemon is a two way server which provides access from a device driver to an outgoing TCP connection plus access from an incoming TCP connection to a device This is primarily used to give a spooler access to a raw printer port on a print server or to give other hosts access to a se rial or parallel port on AMOS Requirements The TDD DVR device must be defined and the driver must be loaded in system memory Also the TDDD LIT and TDDD RTI files must be loaded in system memory All incoming and outgoing map pings must be defined in the TCP TDDD file Operation Upon startup TDDD reads the TCP TDDD file and sets up incoming and outgoing maps Outgoing maps define a name which can be opened through the TDD driver along with the host and port that will be contacted when that name is opened Incoming maps open a TCP port which will accept connections along with a device and optional name which will be opened upon receiving a connection Customizing All connection relationships are mapped in the TCP TDDD file Outgoing mappings provide a link between a name which may be opened through the TDD device and a port number on a host Incoming m
86. R Username EPLY xxxxxxx r IT 3 FOR Password EPLY xxxxxxx r IT 5 FOR pipeline cerf net gt EPLY slip r IT 3 FOR hostname EPLY xxxxxxx r IT 3 FOR Password EPLY xxxxxxx r IT 5 FOR bytes ELAY 1 ISCARD DOU SWAWDADAWADAADWSAD D ah Se et te ed a oe re eh eet ad D The above script sets the idle disconnect time to four minutes gets the modem s attention connects to the Dial n CERF gateway as a standard terminal logs in requests SLIP mode waits for the last word sent by the gateway in terminal mode then allows a settle time and cleans up the input buffer before the SLIP connection is officially established THE SLIP LOG FILE The SLIP server maintains a log file called SLIPDn LOG where n specifies the number of the asyn de vice the SLIP server is controller This file logs whenever SLIP answers an incoming call or places an outgoing one It also logs all disconnects and the length of the connection AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 7 4 Chapter Seven SLIP CABLING When constructing a cable to use for a SLIP connection to a modem you must attach the following pins at the AMOS end of the cable Note that direction is relative to AMOS PIN SIGNAL DIRECTION Pins 8 and 9 DCD and DTR must be connected Unlike many other communications packages Al phaTCP requires these signals If you don t connect them AlphaTCP will be una
87. RM1 SHIPNG without affecting TRM2 SALES If you are using the task manager spooler make sure you are using the following or later edit levels SUBMIT LIT 1 1 113 5 TSKINI LIT 1 2 128 5 TSKINI OVR 1 2 128 5 TSKMAN OVR 1 2 128 5 Earlier versions keep the device assigned and will prevent TDDD from gaining access to it The diagram below shows a TDDD based print environment flow SYSTEM 1 SYSTEM 2 spooler gt TDD0 gt TDDD TDDD TRM1 PRINTR spooler ne a IPFW IPFW is a packet filtering firewall which can be used to enhance security of your network Incoming packets are accepted or discarded based on a set of rules you specify Requirements IPFW uses the TCPMON packet monitoring hook to intercept packets While in use the TCPMON pro gram cannot be used If you terminate IPFW and start TCPMON all packets will be accepted while TCPMON is active The behavior of TCPEMU when neither IPFW nor TCPMON are active depends on the presence of mustfirewall in the TCP CONHIG file AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 43 Operation Upon startup the rulefile is read and the packet hook is set From that point on every packet entering the TCP stack is examined by IPFW and optionally discarded by the stack If IPFW is terminated a message is sent to the master terminal notifying the operator that the firewall has been disabled and the stack returns to normal operati
88. RVER PROCESSES NETWORK LOGGER NETLOG Requirements Operation Runtime Control Security TCP EMULATOR TCPEMU Requirements Operation Runtime Control Security SLIP SERVER SLIPD Requirements Operation Customizing Runtime Control Security TELNET SERVER TELNED Requirements Operation Customizing Telnet Source Host Information Security FTP SERVER FTPD Requirements Operation Customizing Security Tree View MAIL SERVER SMTPD Table of Contents 3 16 3 17 3 17 3 18 3 19 3 20 3 20 3 21 4 1 4 1 4 5 4 6 5 1 5 1 5 1 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 8 5 8 5 8 5 9 5 9 5 11 5 12 5 13 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Table of Contents Requirements Operation Customizing Kill File Runtime Control Security POST OFFICE AND PASSWORD SERVERS POP3D AND POPPWD Requirements Operation Customizing Runtime Control Security LINE PRINTER CLIENT LPR Requirements Operation Customizing Printer Information Security LINE PRINTER SERVER LPD Requirements Operation Customizing Security WEB SERVER HTTPD Requirements Operation Default Documents Special File Requests Customizing Specialized Filename mapping Page Redirection Publicly Accessible Devices Runtime Control Security ITC TUNNELING SERVER ITCD Requirements Operation Customizing Replacing SerialNET Installations Accessing Non Tunneled AlphaNET Runtime Control Secu
89. Start the servers you want by removing the at the beginning of the line and setting up any configuration files or options required by them See Chapter 5 for details Memory Requirements The memory required by each server is discussed earlier in this chapter and is allocated from the shared memory SMEM area The memory size defined in the CONFIG file repre sents a single instance of the server It is assumed that the LIT file is loaded in system memory for serv ers which fork This value is also used as the memory requirement for spawned jobs of servers which fork copies of themselves You must enter the memory in kilobytes and follow it with a K as shown The K can be either upper or lower case The CONFIG values for the servers are lower than those given earlier in the chapter because the CONFIG entries do not include the 6KB overhead automatically assigned to each server as required by AMOS sl Since TFTP provides no system security whatsoever you should start it only if you are absolutely gt F certain you can trust every user on every connected network See Chapter 5 for more information If You Allow Incoming Virtual Terminal Connections Delete the symbol from the start telned 100k line There are a number of configuration options for this server By default incoming connections will be accepted on the standard TELNET port memory and terminal type will be asked memory size will default to 64K and the session w
90. The LPD server forks a copy of itself to handle the connection A control file and data file are then transferred and stored in the TCPLPD account Once AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 24 Chapter Five this is done the file is sent to the AMOS spooler matching the printer queue name in the control file and the connection is closed Customizing The following command line options are available start lpd 35k foption r fD Submits files with the default form feed setting for the printer This is the same as not specifying any switches at all fN Submits files with the NOFF no formfeed option fY Submits files with the FF formfeed option T Causes LPD to ignore formatting options in the control file treating the print file as raw data Useful for misconfigured LPR clients but rarely needed Security The only security concern for the line printer server is the ability for any TCP IP host to access your printers If your network is large enough that this is a problem or you are attached to the Internet you may want to set up a firewall router and filter packets to the LPD server port WEB SERVER HTTPD The web server allows graphical web browsers such as NCSA Mosaic to retrieve HyperText documents sound and graphics files from AMOS using the HTTP protocol Requirements The HTTPD LIT and HTTPD RTI files should be loaded into system memory An ersatz file such as WEB ERZ should be defined which co
91. The address you want to add to the kill file will be found in the logged MAIL FROM line Don t forget to disable debug mode again or your network log file could fill up rapidly Runtime Control The primary SMTPD job will respond to usr1 and usr signals sent using UKILL The usr1 signal will force SMTPD to wake up early and attempt a delivery cycle The usr signal toggles the debug mode on or off the same mode which may be enabled using the d switch on the SMTPD command line This can be useful if you are having delivery problems with a message and only want to log activity for the duration of the delivery attempt For information on UKILL and sending signals see Chapter 6 Security The primary security concerns with SMTP are name spoofing message modifications along the deliv ery path junk email and privacy These are concerns with most implementations of electronic mail to day Name spoofing is faking the name of the sender Hackers may use this to get passwords pretending to be someone of authority The same risk is present on the telephone Never give out private information in response to a mail message just as you shouldn t in response to a phone call Modifications can be made to the message by a dishonest system operator Be sure your MX records point to trusted computers Anyone running an SMTP server on the Internet needs to prevent it from being used as a distribution point for j
92. V Chapter Three Function The FTP file contains the connection message for FTP See Chapter 5 for in formation on this file The FTP users file lists the names passwords and permissions for all valid FTP users See Chapter 5 for information on this file The hosts file has a list of host names and corresponding internet addresses for all computers you may want to connect to The HOSTS file is not needed if you are using DNS the Domain Name Service The HTTPD CVT file provides a way to map long filenames which generate conflicting AMOS filenames The HTTPD HTM file is the default web docu ment sent by the HTTPD server It is sometimes known as the welcome or home page The HTTPD DEYV file is used to list devices which have public access without requiring PUBLIC PPN in every account The ITCD file provides the mapping between AlphaNET CPU IDs and Al phaTCP IP addresses for the ITCD server The line printer definition file lists TCP printer names along with their host and print queue definitions An LPR NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP You may modify this file if setting up a TCP line printer and rename it to LPR Information on this file can be found both in this chapter and in Chapter 5 The MIME TYP file provides mapping between AMOS file extensions and MIME content type and content encoding fields It is placed in the LIB ac count and is used by the HTTPD server The SMTPD and POP3 servers may also use it in the futu
93. a 100 attach the ethernet to the internet package using standalone LDVs EXAMPLE ifconfig lt interface gt lt driver gt ifconfig ec0 am319s attach the slip interface to a slip daemon EXAMPLE ifconfig lt interface gt lt terminal gt lt dialup script gt config asy0 modeml dialup slp fconfig asyl modem2 fconfig asy2 modem3 fconfig asy3 modem4 change the tcp close timeout to fit the environment EXAMPLE closetime lt seconds gt closetime 120 change the tcp keepalive timeout to fit the environment EXAMPLE keepalive lt minutes gt keepalive 15 disable all packets unless ipfw or tcpmon is running mustfirewall start up the daemons servers EXAMPLE start lt daemon gt lt memory gt lt options gt nh Fh H H H H these assume ftpd tftpd smtpd pop3d lpr lpd and httpd are in system memory start rwhod 75k start ftpd 50k o start telned 100k start tftpd 35k start smtpd 125k i start pop3d 60k start poppwd 70k start lpr 35k start lpd 35k start itcd 100k start httpd 100k start tamed 200k start sntpd 85k b2 p240 start bootpd 80k start bootpe 80k h n t start tddd 60k If you have a default router this is a simple way to set the default route Fill in the IP address once complete route will exit and free the memory Don t start this if you are configuring with BOOTP or DHCP s
94. a domain name query The third and most complex example is a TCP message being received TCP information includes the port numbers again with an arrow It also includes the TCP window size and a breakdown of the flags The following line contains the TCP sequence number and if the ACK flag is set the Acknowledgment number Not all fields are displayed in the packet traces Others might be added as the need arises however larger screen traces and processing time could increase the chance of packets being lost The information pro vided should be helpful in isolating simpler problems without needing a network analyzer CVTNID The CVTNID command converts AlphaNET CPU IDs to network group and node values It can also convert those values into a CPU ID A CPU ID is entered with a trailing dash Network group and node numbers are entered separated by commas or spaces The following is an example of converting a CPU ID into its individual parts CVTNID 16842753 16842753 translates to Network 1 Group 1 Node 1 The following is an example of converting the individual parts into a CPU ID AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 17 CVINID 1 1 1 Network 1 Groupl Node 1 translates to 16842753 FNU2A FNU2A converts long UNIX file names into AMOS file names Its primary use is to determine the AMOS file name for a given Web URL you wish to use In this way your URL may be more
95. aNET 16 Add the following two lines within the SETJOB statements If you are using AlphaNET they must come after the NETSER job is running ETJOB NETLOG NETLOG 40K ETJOB TCPEMU TCPEMU memory TCP GOTCP CMD S S You should already have calculated the memory requirements required for TCPEMU as described earlier Enter that number for memory above 17 If you have made AMOS printers accessible the printers are task manager based and the edit level of TSKINI LIT is earlier than 1 2 127 you must start the task manager after the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the System Initialization File Page 4 5 TCPEMU job Also if TSKINLLIT is prior to 1 2 127 you should place a WAIT TCPEMU then a WAIT LPR statement before to starting the task manager 18 Save the file and exit the text editor but don t reboot or use MONTST yet The TCP GOTCP CMD file which the TCPEMU job runs uses the user name SYSTEM SERVICE to log the job into the TCP account If this is not a valid user name on your computer either add it using MUSER or modify the GOTCP CMD file to use another user name If logging in as SYSTEM SERVICE requires a password add it to the GOTCP CMD file You should now be ready to start AlphaTCP Make sure no one else is using the computer and use MONTST to test your new initialization file To make sure the changes have had the desired effect run STAT The TCPEMU job sh
96. above link were changed to lt A HREF support patches html gt The browser will access the complete URL http www widgit com support patches html How AMOS Handles URLs Though AMOS does not have paths like UNIX the web server handles URLs as if it did with a few limitations The transfer method and host name are exactly the same as a URL for a UNIX system it is the path and filename which require some explanation Again let s refer to the original example URL http www widgit com sales new product info html When the AlphaTCP web server processed this URL it converts sales into the ersatz name SALES This is important to note The AlphaTCP web server must deal in ersatz names only you cannot use a PPN within a URL Besides being easier for the web server to deal with many browsers do not handle PPNs within a URL well The remainder of the URL is treated as a filename It is converted into a usable AMOS filename using the method described in the AlphaTCP Users Guide section Converting UNIX Filenames to AMOS You can use the program FNU2A LIT to see how a UNIX path will be converted In this case the con verted ersatz and filename yield SALES NEPRIN HTM Single Level Subdirectories It is important to note that the above processing generates the illusion of subdirectories While it is pos sible to have nested subdirectories on UNIX this cannot occur on AMOS Therefore subdirectory refer ences must only exist one
97. ackets addressed to network 79 0 0 0 are normally sent to the gateway with internet address 83 0 0 3 However they are currently being diverted to 83 0 0 6 and the diversion will last for a further five minutes Routes entered using ROUTE are considered permanent Only routes from network ICMP redirects have a life span ARP ARP displays the table which maps Ethernet Addresses to internet addresses This table is updated auto matically by the ARP protocol while AlphaTCP is running You can also manually change the table us ing the ARP command There are three different formats for ARP ARP g in_addr N network number ARP d in_addr ARP a in_addr ether_addr With the g option ARP displays current ARP entries by interrogating the current TCPEMU data If you don t include any parameters it displays all ARP entries If more than one network interface uses ARP entries for each ARP table are displayed If you include in_addr an internet address only that entry is displayed If you use the N option ARP displays only the ARP entries for the network interface with network number network number Using the d option deletes the entry for the host with the internet address in_addr specified in standard 6699 notation The a option creates an ARP entry associating the host with the internet address in_addr with the Ethernet address ether_addr The Ethernet address is given as six hexadecimal bytes separated by hy
98. active any in coming mail addressed to users will generate a return message This mes sage will contain the names of all users in the mail package It will also list all users in the TCP SMTPD ALI file Changes the maximum Received header lines from the default of 20 Attempt to map internal mail addresses to aliases This scans the SMTPD ALI for the local mailbox name If found the From address is converted to the alias on outgoing mail AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 17 Kill File In some circumstances such as harassment or the activities known as mail bombing or spamming it can be useful for the mail administrator to refuse mail from an individual or a site Listing users or sites in the kill file causes SMTPD to refuse all mail from them To refuse mail edit or create the TCP SMTPD KIL file and enter the e mail addresses one per line To refuse mail for an entire site list the at sign and site only For example the following two lines would refuse mail from a harassing user and a site mailing unsolicited ads These are both hypothetical naughty someisp net fastmoneyspam com If you add items but e mail continues to arrive from the sites the mail headers may have been modified In this case you can enable debug mode on the mail server until one of the unwanted messages arrives You can then examine the network error log and locate the incoming session
99. activity will cause a disconnect For example ON3 means there can be three more minutes of inactivity before dis connect This value will decrement unless there is activity If it reaches zero the connection is severed and STAT will show OFF If STAT shows ONLINE SLIP is active due to a specified connection time in the script file hanging up the modem Since DCD is used to detect when the modem is off line this usually indicates a cabling problem or modem setup error It can also indicate an old IDV incompatible serial port or serial port failure a If STAT shows the SLIP server sitting in HANGUP constantly then the server is having trouble AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 7 2 Chapter Seven SCRIPT CREATION Scripts are created as normal text files using a text editor They should be placed in the TCP account The script file is specified to AlphaTCP via the if config command in the TCP CONHIG file See Chapter 3 for a description of the TCP CONHIG file You may place comments in your script file by starting the line with a semicolon or a pound sign Com ment lines are skipped over The SLIP server recognizes seven commands IDLE REPLY WAIT DELAY SHARED DISCARD ONLINE and CONTINUOUS IDLE allows you to specify the number of minutes a connection may be inactive before it is terminated This lets you override the default of five minutes REPLY takes a line of text and sends it to the modem or remote
100. amar NETWORK SYSTEMS Does network have a Domain Name Server hdns Yes No If hdns Yes Domain Name Server dns IP address Redundant Domain Name Server IP address Redundant Domain Name Server IP address If hdns No Add to TCP HOSTS IP address Host name Alias host company grp host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Host Use additional pages if you need more room for network hosts Initial AlphaTCP Setup Page 2 of 6 INITIAL ALPHA TCP IP SETUP CHECK LIST For installation details see Chapters 2 3 and 4 E E E E E L L Lal i ce E Verify host meets minimum requirements for OS version memory and hardware Download and install AlphaNET 2 3 or later Skip when using LDVs and AlphaNET is not wanted Download and verify AlphaTCP software Enter the PIC by LOGing to the TCP account and entering TCPEMU Skip for AMOS 2 3 or later Contact the network administrator or the Network Information Center at SRI International to determine the host internet Add all the requirements for TCP services to determine TCPEMU memory requirements Use the worksheet provided Add all the requirements for TCP services to determine the Shared Memory SMEM area memory requirements Use the worksheet provided Rename TCP SERVIC NEW to TCP SERVIC Rename TCP NETWRK NEW to TCP NETWRK Rename TCP
101. and session disconnected is a security concern for you use TNWRAP Simply place TNWRAP prior to the command itself For example assume you have the following TELNED start line start telned 100k 2000 10k vt100 Parts Lookup RUN PARTS AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 18 Chapter Six PARTS RUN will exit and TCPEMU will disconnect the session To prevent use of the connection during the brief period between the two events use the following TELNED start line start telned 100k 2000 10k vt100 Parts Lookup TNWRAP RUN PARTS WHOIS WHOIS lets you query the Internet Network Information Center NIC for information about a particular domain The information returned includes administrative and technical contacts name servers and more You can specify a particular server to query for the information The TCP WHOIS file contains the default server to contact for the information The release includes a WHOIS NEW file which you can rename to a default extension This file contains the name of the de fault NIC server rs internic net If this file is not set up you will need to use the h switch every time Type WHOIS and the name of the domain you want information about For example WHOIS alphamicro com To contact a server other than the default add the h switch and server name before the domain name The format to use is WHOIS h server domain KLPR The KLPR command terminates the currently t
102. appings provide a link between a local TCP port number and a non filestructured device or a filename AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 41 Outgoing An outgoing mapping is defined as follows OUTGOING name ip or hostname port or service The name may be any name up to six characters and represents the filename used when opening the TDD device The ip or hostname may be the hosts IP address or it s hostname If you specify a hostname it is re solved once when the TDDD file is processed The port or service may be a TCP port number from 1 to 65535 or a service name in TCP SERVIC such as telnet Here are a couple of examples OUTGOING PRTSVR 192 168 1 2 3001 OUTGOING EMAIL mail widget org smtp Incoming An incoming mapping is defined as follows INCOMING port or service device or filename The port or service may be a TCP port number from to 65535 or a service name in TCP SERVIC such as telnet The device or filename can be a device name such as LPRO a device and name such as TRMO PRINTR or a filename such as DSKO LOG TXT 100 100 If you specify a file incoming data will be appended to it Here are a few of examples INCOMING 3001 LPRO INCOMING 2000 TRMO PRINTR INCOMING amos DSK6 LOG LST 100 100 Runtime Control If you modify the TDDD file you may request TDDD to reread the file by sending it a usr signal as follows ukill usr1 p
103. ard AlphaBASIC applications do not If you are not developing a TCP based application or want to retrofit an existing application you can write your own XCALL to handle SI EXIT processing There is an unsupported XCALL SIEXIT you can use as an example of one way to do this Both the XCALL and its source code are available in the file SIEXIT CMP on our FTP site at ftp ftp alphamicro com anon AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Document History REVISION RELEASE DATE DESCRIPTION 1 0 4 93 New document for AlphaTCP 1 0 adapted from Spider TCP documentation 01 1 1 1 94 Added STARTD PS and UKILL commands Added SLIP ONLINE command Completely rewrote memory require ments Added subnetwork information Added information on Mail server SMTPD Domain Name Service DNS Line Printer Client server LPR Post Office server POP3D new NSLOOK command and expanded in stallation instructions Added information on AlphaNET ITC tunneling server TCD World Wide Web server HTTPD Line Printer server LPD and e mail based file server BBSERV and expanded installation instructions 12 95 Added information on supporting Eagle 550 Added new chapter about image maps and fill out forms 8 96 Added information on supporting single PIC POPPWD and new server switches 11 96 Corrected Page 5 4 Changed SLIPD to SLIPOK in paragraph 2 and 3 5 97 Chapter 5 added information on TELNED j and w options VTID comman
104. as UNIX or PC users start telned 100k 3000 150k vt100 Parts Lookup RUN PARTS The next example does the same thing except the service is provided on the default TELNET port and the user will be asked for his or her terminal type but not the memory requirement start telned 100k 0 150k Parts Lookup RUN PARTS Telnet Source Host Information Three utilities let you access information about the source of a TELNET connection The VTID com mand prints this information to the screen while the GETVTLSBR subroutine provides it to an Al phaBASIC application The VTIDS command operates much like the VTID command however it prints information for all virtual connections on the system to the screen AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 8 Chapter Five al These utilities function only under AMOS 2 3A and later They can also return information for P AlphaNET VTSER connections with content specific to the AlphaNET protocol To use VTID simply type the command on a virtual terminal session For information on using the GETVTI SBR consult the AlphaBASIC Subroutine Users Guide There is also a GETVTI monitor call which is documented in the AMOS Monitor Calls Manual To use VTIDS just type the command on any terminal Security Users connected via TELNET have all of the same privileges as a hard wired terminal The login process is handled by the normal AMOS log on procedures by default User names and passwords theref
105. ather than as host names and port names Shows connections for protocol proto only proto can be either t cp udp or with the s option only ip Displays an additional column headed Rtx which shows the number of re transmissions performed on each connection Displays the contents of the routing table in the same format as ROUTE See the ROUTE command section for a description Displays per protocol statistics error occurrences etc instead of connection states The output format is described below You cannot combine options to show both connection data and overall network statistics For example you cannot enter netsta a s RETURN You can however use both s and e on the same command The optional interval entry must be a number If you include it NETSTA continuously redisplays its in formation pausing that many seconds between each display NETSTA Output If you don t use any options the NETSTA display looks like this Active connections tcp Proto Recv Q Send Q Local Address Foreign Address state 0 0 local telnet 89 0 4 1 5137 ESTABLISHED 0 O local 1024 drs3 telnet ESTABLISHED tcp The list includes all active connections server connections are shown only if you use the a option The columns are Proto Recv Q Send Q The name of the protocol used by the connection The amount of data in bytes received but not processed on the connec tion T
106. ator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 39 Customizing There is one option available when you start the BOOTPD server The d option enables debug output It should not be needed during normal operation Security There is nothing in the BOOTP protocol to prevent a rogue BOOTP server from supplying clients with false configuration including false routing and DNS information BOOTPC BOOTPC is a BOOTP client which also supports DHCP BOOTP and DHCP allow a host to self configure its network parameters at boot time from a central server DHCP also allows temporary allo cation of IP addresses simplifying a network administrators job Requirements If you have configured any of your interfaces in TCP NETWRK to use BOOTP or DHCP you should start BOOTPC There are also a number of optional switches which you will probably want to set below In order for the timeserver to work you must create the TCP SNTPD file and provide all fields except for timeserver This line will be added or updated by BOOTPC before SNTPD reads the file Operation For interfaces specified as BOOTP a bootrequest is broadcast on the local Ethernet When a server rec ognizes the hosts Ethernet address it returns a bootreply with all configuration information For interfaces specified as DHCP a few extra steps are performed DHCP uses extensions to the bootre quest and bootreply packets These identify a bootrequest as dhcpdiscov
107. atz device as DSKO 7 50 If you installed the AlphaTCP software in another account change this definition to the correct account If you are using the web server HTTPD you need an ersatz file to store references to accounts the web server will access Add the following ersatz statement ERSATZ WEB ERZ Finally if you are using the AlphaNET tunneling server ITCD you need an ersatz file to refer ence the new AlphaNET CPU IDS with meaningful names Add the following ersatz statement ERSATZ ITCD ERZ 7 If users of other computers will TELNET into AMOS you need to add TRMDEF or TDVDEF statements to load terminal drivers which match those on the remote computers The VT 100 is a popular terminal emulation outside the AMOS environment If you want the line editor available on those sessions the line editor must already be defined on one of the permanent TRMDEF statements 8 If you are using TCP IP print servers add aDEVIBL TLP line at the end of the DEVTBL statements 9 If you want to use TCP device drive daemon add a DEVTBL TDD line at the end of the DEVTBL statements 10 If you are using AlphaMAIL verify there is a LODEMD command before the first SYSTEM statement This command should be loading the electronic mail driver for your mail package If you don t see this statement refer to your mail documentation for details or contact your mail provider AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12
108. ause the spawned job to disappear thus freeing up the 200k If you are using the example configuration file the final line shows how this is set up If You Dynamically Configure Using BOOTP or DHCP You need to start the BOOTP client BOOTPC Uncomment the start bootpc statement to enable it After configuration BOOTPC will exit unless it has acquired a temporary DHCP lease If a temporary DHCP lease was acquired BOOTPC will sleep until it is time to renew the lease AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 8 Chapter Three Starting Servers The lines beginning with start tell AlphaTCP to spawn the various servers used for accessing AMOS from remote computers determine the memory allocated to each and set any server specific options Configuration information for most servers may be found in Chapter 5 The valid server names are Server bbserv bootpc bootpd ftpd httpd itcd Ipd Ipr pop3d poppwd rwhod smtpd sntpd tamed tddd telned tftpd Function E mail based file server Requires configuration before enabling The bootp dhep client This allows AlphaTCP to automatically retrieve configura tion parameters from a central server and to lease temporary IP addresses Allows local storage of network parameters for terminal and print servers The FTP server for TCP file transfers from remote hosts FTPD requires a configu ration file before enabling The World Wide Web server for
109. ble to tell if there n is a connection and won t be able to hang up the phone Usually you can see this in STAT as the server remaining in HANGUP state forever The correct pin numbers to wire at the remote end of the cable depend on the type of modem you are connecting to There are too many possibilities to list here Refer to the documentation for your modem and connect the pins for the appropriate signals If you are constructing a cable for a direct serial connection to another computer you do not need to wire pins 8 and 9 at the AMOS end Connect the remaining pins indicated above to the appropriate pins on the other computer The SLIP cable must use hardware handshaking If you attempt to use XON XOFF handshaking o the connection will not work MODEM CONFIGURATION The modem must be configured for proper operation The following attributes should be set up and saved as the modem power up defaults e Serial interface speed should be set to a fixed rate matching the baud rate of the port the modem is attached to e Hardware handshaking should be enabled and XON XOFF handshaking disabled e XON XOF characters should be passed to the system e When DTR is dropped the connection should be dropped e When carrier is present the DCD line should indicate this e Processing of should be disabled if possible AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 8 Tuning AlphaTCP Performance AlphaTCP s performance reli
110. ccess to the following files in the TCP account robots txt This file is usually requested by search engines The format of this file the Robot Exclusion Protocol is documented in various HTML books and on the Internet favico ico This file is requested by Internet Explorer when a user adds your site to their Favorites list It allows your site to replace the default icon IES places next to the link The actual filename re quested in the URL is favicon ico which is truncated to six characters for AMOS Customizing There are a number of command line options which may be placed on the start line for httpd in TCP CONFIG start HTTPD 100k aaddress d l mersatz scount tminutes AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 27 aaddress Overrides the default e mail address for the Web administrator which is postmaster at the local host name For example postmaster www widgit com If there is a problem users may send an e mail message to this address notifying you qd Enables debug mode This causes connection information to be written to the network logger L Writes access information to HTTPD LOG This logfile is in standard NCSA format and may be processed by tools and services supporting this standard It only records IP addresses not hostnames When activated this file can grow rapidly mersatz Lets you change the default home page sent when a request does no
111. ccordingly for each additional SLIP connection LJ Edit TCP NETWRK to reflect the following J Remove the from the slip line E Replace the IP address on this line with this systems address Use the following syntax slip hia serial Note Subnetted connections are beyond the scope of this quick installation guide E Copy the slip line and modify accordingly for each additional SLIP connection Change slip to slip1 slip2 Change serial to seriall serial2 For All Networks If hdns Yes L Rename TCP RESOLV NEW to TCP RESOLV LJ Edit TCP RESOLYV and do the following L Remove the from the front of the nameserver line I Replace the sample nameserver IP address with dns using the following syntax nameserver dns Initial AlphaTCP Setup Page 4 of 6 J If redundant Domain Name Servers exist up to 2 add additional nameserver lines LI To have AlphaTCP also search TCP HOSTS remove the from the tryhostfile line LJ Add hia and hin to the Domain Name server by contacting the network administrator If hdns No J Add the network system specifications to the TCP HOSTS file as needed Follow the existing syntax for the additions For All Networks E Verify that the user System Service exists on the system and does not require a password If it does not exist or it is undesirable to use this configuration add the password or a new user by changing the file TCP GOTCP CMD to reflect any changes t
112. ch connection expected add the amount of memory listed for the server N All of these memory requirements include 6KB overhead area required by AMOS for the job and N terminal definitions That is why the memory you specify per server in the TCP CONFIG file as described later in this chapter is 6KB less than shown in the table above o Make sure CMDLIN SYS is loaded into system memory After you ve added up the requirements for all the servers add the memory which will be needed by all incoming TELNET connections Each connection will need at least 6KB overhead memory in addition to the job s memory TELNET connections will require more for terminal drivers TDVs For example a TELNET job using the PCLTDV requires almost 9K of overhead As described in Chapter 5 you can limit incoming connections to a specific amount of memory or a specific range of memory sizes AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 3 The SMEM area for AlphaTCP is the total required for the servers you re starting any child processes for the servers and memory partitions for incoming TELNET connections Make sure your SMEM area is large enough to handle the maximum number of simultaneous connections you expect If you are using AlphaNET version 2 4 or later you may elect to have VTSER also use the SMEM area See the AlphaNET Administrator s Guide for releases 2 4 or later NETLOG Memory The networ
113. computer It is used to dial the modem or log into the remote computer WAIT waits a number of seconds for a specified line of text to be received from the modem or remote computer DELAY simply waits the specified number of seconds before continuing with the script processing SHARED causes SLIP to allocate the port only during connections allowing the modem to be shared with other applications In this mode SLIP cannot answer incoming calls DISCARD causes any buffered input from the modem or remote computer to be discarded ONLINE specifies certain time periods for SLIP to establish and hold a connection with a remote gate way This is useful if you want to access your computer remotely for example over the Internet but do not need the constant access or expense of a leased line connection CONTINUOUS causes the modem to be kept on line redialing if the connection is dropped One side of the connection should be set up as if hardwired no script this will prevent both hosts from trying to dial each other at the same time Any text specified in the WAIT and REPLY commands must be within quotation marks Also carriage returns and line feeds are not implied If you need these or other embedded characters such as a quotation mark specify them in a manner similar to the C programming language with a backslash and a char acter For example n new line linefeed r return carriage return t tab Am embedded quotation
114. ction SMTP The Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is used to pass electronic mail messages between hosts TCP The Transmission Control Protocol is used for the transport level connection between your computer and the other computer TCP gets the data to the right process on the right computer as a guaranteed reliable byte stream TELNET TELNET provides virtual terminal connection between two computers The systems can be of different types and operating systems as long as both follow the TELNET protocol The underlying protocol is TCP IP the user interface is the program TELNET described in Chapter 3 of the AlJphaTCP User s Guide TFTP Like FTP the Trivial File Transfer Protocol allows different operating systems to exchange data The underlying protocol layer is UDP IP The user interface is the program TFTP described in Chapter 2 of the AlphaTCP User s Guide TFTP operates much like FTP but is simpler to use because it doesn t offer as many options It does not require you to have a login on the remote computer and is limited to transferring files one at a time It is often used to access data bases that do not require user authentication File transfer automatically translates the file into a format understood by the receiving computer That doesn t mean Excel spreadsheets automatically be come AlphaCALC spreadsheets but it does mean that a UNIX text file is trans ferred to an AMOS computer in AMOS file format UDP The User
115. d and GETVTI SBR e mail blocking restart ing queued print files and retrieving printer status Chapter 6 added PS p option Chapter 9 added hit counting Added Appendix E Ch 1 Added subnetting discussion Ch 3 Updated CONFIG NEW added sections for TAMED and SNTPD Ch 5 Added SNTPD TAMED FTPD p option and HTTPD m option Ch 6 Added WHOIS Added BOOTP client Added POST method support to URL command and xcall Enhanced FTPD server Enhanced Web server to support PUT and DELETE methods Improved SMTP server Added LPR t switch and TELNED n switch Added QPOP3D server 9 99 Added BOOTPC client which supports DHCP Added TDDD and IPFW as well as AMPM AM packet manager 4 00 Ch 5 Added tree view capability for FTPD Ch 6 Added TROUTE to display router information 9 02 Ch 5 Expaned information on limiting hosts and users that can use SMTPD to forward mail AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Document History AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 A absolute reference 9 1 AlphaNET ITC tunneling server 3 8 AlphaNET tunneling 3 20 AMOS printer 5 23 AMOS printers 3 17 AMPM command 6 19 Application Definition File 9 6 Application termination E 1 ARP command 6 7 ARP protocol 1 6 AUTHORIZATION 9 10 B BBSERV 5 32 security 5 33 bootp dhcp client 3 8 BOOTP protocol 1 6 BOOTP server 5 38 BOOTPC server 5 39 BOOTPD file 3 3 bootpd server 3 8 C Cabling
116. d by ITCD must be part of a unique AlphaNET network number They must not use the same network number as an interface started using the NETINI command ITCD does not support the broadcast feature of AlphaNET Broadcast sends are refused with node does not exist error codes Operation When the ITCD server starts up it scans the ITCD file to determine its AlphaNET address It then cre ates a network entry with a pointer to an internal NDV interface like NETINI usually sets up Whenever an ITC message is passed to the NDV it either gets sent down an existing TCP connection or the con nection is then established After a period of time with no data the TCP connection is shut down Customizing There are a number of command line options which may be placed on the start line for ITCD in TCP CONFIG start ITCD 100k d pport tseconds g Enables debugging mode When set information about connection estab lishment or shutdown is written to the network logger pport Allows you to select a port number for the server By default the server looks for the amos service in the TCP SERVIC file tseconds Overrides the default connection time out value of 120 seconds This is the number of seconds of inactivity between hosts before the TCP connection will be shut down Should more data appear the connection would be re established AlphaNET CPU ID to IP address translations should be listed in the ITCD file This must include the
117. dary and use some of the host bits as additional network bits for your own subnet You can set up subnetting by defining subnet masks in the NETWRK file You can define routes be tween subnets using the ROUTE command See Chapters 3 and 6 As explained previously a class A network uses the first byte as the network number while a class B uses the first two bytes and a class C uses the first three The following values could be used as subnet masks for class A B and C with no effect because the boundaries match the defaults e 255 0 0 0 Class A default mask e 255 255 0 0 Class B default mask e 255 255 255 0 Class C default mask AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Introduction Page 1 5 Using the default the class C address 192 168 1 is a single network with valid hosts in the range 1 254 the all zero and all one addresses 0 and 255 cannot be used It is helpful to understand that although the mask is written as decimal values it is actually used as bits Thus you will usually set the desired bits as binary on paper and convert to decimal Now assume we need to break this into two different networks The same rule about all zero and all one applies to subnetworks for historical reasons Since these two subnetworks cannot be used we need to break the address into four subnetworks two of them usable This is done by specifying that the upper two bits of the host area should be used for the network number decimal 128 64
118. des one of the following words FAILED RETURNED BOUNCE UNABLE CANNOT UNKNOWN The comparison should not be case sensitive them after at least a week s worth of bounces This will handle transient mail failures Finding the original send address in the message may prove a bit tricky and will require an analysis of various bounce message formats to determine the best method fr Don t drop subscribers right away just bump a counter and update a last bounce date Drop AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 BBSERV BBS Interface Page D 3 3 Clear the bounce counter for all subscribers without a bounce in over a week This keeps the counter from adding up over an extended period and causing a subscription to be improperly dropped 4 Process each user left in the database creating a file of all messages since the last mailing in all topics they are subscribed to then mailing it to them If you don t already have a user interface for your mail package you may need to access an electronic mail driver directly For more information on this refer to the document Electronic Mail Driver Pro grammer s Guide DSO 00206 00 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Appendix E Application Termination In an ideal world all TCP generated virtual terminal sessions would return to AMOS command level before the connection was closed and the job was despawned However due to lost connections user er ror etc
119. e PIC 1 Make sure your job has at least a 600KB memory partition You cannot run the PIC installation program if you have less Also make sure the job you are using is not named TCPEMU 2 Log to the account where you installed the AlphaTCP release usually 7 50 LOG devn 7 50 3 Type this command TCPEMU A screen will display requesting the PIC As when entering all PICs as long as this screen is displayed other users on your computer are suspended Type in your PIC being sure to use the correct capitaliza tion and including all punctuation marks After your computer processes the PIC you return to the AMOS prompt AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 2 4 Chapter Two Do not continue with the installation until you ve entered your PIC If you configure AlphaTCP and modify your system initialization file without having entered the proper PIC your computer will not boot properly WHAT S NEXT You have completed the first step in installing AlphaTCP Go on to the next chapter to find out how to set up the AlphaTCP configuration files AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 3 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files This chapter contains information on e Determining the memory requirements of the servers you are going to use e Modifying the AlphaTCP configuration files DETERMINING MEMORY REQUIREMENTS The following sections discuss the four areas where AlphaTCP has specific memor
120. e boot sample bin Each definition begins with the clients Ethernet address in square brackets and continues to the next Ethernet address or the end of the file addr specifies the clients IP address mask specifies the subnet mask the client should use If you don t use subnetting on your network this line should be removed so the client will use the default for the class of network you are on nameserver specifies the address of the domain name server on your network If you use TCP HOSTS instead this line should be removed If no nameserver is specified the client will only be able to contact hosts by their IP address gateway specifies the IP address of the default router If your client will not be communicating across your router this line should be removed hostname specifies the name the client should use which should be its fully qualified domain name This is its hostname along with your domain bootfile is an optional line for clients which will load their boot file via TFTP This specifies the location and filename of the bootfile located on the AMOS host Operation When a client wishes to use bootp to configure itself it broadcasts a bootp request on the network The bootp server receives this request and attempts to locate the clients Ethernet address in the TCP BOOTPD file If the bootp server locates the Ethernet address it loads the configuration and re turns a boot reply to the client AlphaTCP Administr
121. e should take the following form cgi bin auth page htm The path cgi bin auth starts the authorization program The filename page htm would be replaced by the protected document name If you would prefer to have the web server return an existing page to the user rather than gener ating one yourself output the following as the only line in the output file sendfile filespec where filespec is the page or file to be returned The file should not reside on a publicly accessi ble device nor in an account with the PUBLIC PPN file as the file would then be accessible without running the application SUPPORTING VIRTUAL DOMAINS There are two methods servers may use to support virtual domains The original method involved as signing multiple IP addresses to a server which wasted address space The newer method was defined in HTTP 1 1 and is the method used by HTTPD Browsers supporting HTTP 1 1 send a header line identi fying the name of the host in the URL This line is used to identify which web space to display The first step is to define the following application in TCP HTTPD APP Virtual domain redirector Application virtual Command VDOM e o Memory 20K Kill No Account TCP Decode No Second move your TCP HTTPD HTM page to an account used to hold your primary web domain You should probably also rename it to HOME HTM Replace the contents of the TCP HTTPD HTM file with the following line AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide
122. ecause you don t know at any given time where the physical printer with this printer name is located it s possible to print a report on a printer halfway around the world This is especially a concern because of the dynamically assigned IP addresses from dialup services Consider this scenario 1 One of your remote users accesses your computer through a dialup service with a dynamic IP address She uses MYLPR and prints a report to her local printer 2 She forgets to use MYLPR U to unassign the printer name and logs off The printer is still de fined at the IP address she had been using 3 Someone else using the same dialup service gets assigned the same IP address your user had been using If this new unknown user is running a print server his printer is now defined as a TCP printer on your computer If anyone prints to this printer name the report will print on this unknown printer To help avoid this problem LPR unassigns the printer itself upon any error that might mean the user has dropped off such as host unreachable port unreachable or TTL exceeded LINE PRINTER SERVER LPD The line printer server allows TCP IP based hosts to access AMOS printers using the Line Printer proto col Requirements The ersatz TCPLPD must be created for an account where LPD may write temporary files The LPD LIT and LPD RTI files should be loaded into system memory Operation Hosts wishing to print a file contact the LPD server
123. ed As a convenience to existing installations current releases of TCP con tain a POP3D that is identical to the QPOP3D post office server so that either name can be used Additionally the older unsupported version of the post office server is still available as OPOP3D The Post Office Server POP3D handles the retrieval of electronic mail by hosts which are usually not on the network or have limited memory resources A typical example of such hosts is a PC For these hosts it may be impractical to support a full SMTP implementation Using the Post Office Server the mail is stored on the AMOS host in the local mail package for later retrieval Access to the local mail package is performed through an electronic mail driver provided with the mail package The Post Office Server is a retrieve only server To send mail the remote host should contact an SMTP server The Password Server POPPWD supports the Eudora change password feature and usage is optional Requirements An electronic mail driver for the local mail package must be loaded in the system initialization file The POP3D LIT and POP3D RTI files must be loaded in system memory The POP3D server requires 60K of memory to run and should be started in the TCP CONFIG file using a start command See Customizing for options that can be used You must create the ersatz TCPPOP for an account where POP3D may write temporary files The POPPWD server requires 70K of memory to ru
124. emote host displaying FTP status and so on FTP requires you to have a login on the remote computer The Internet Control Message Protocol an adjunct to IP provides a way to transmit and receive datagram error and control messages between the local host and remote hosts or gateways For example if a gateway s buffer is too full to forward a datagram ICMP messages are sent The Internet Protocol provides a simple host to host datagram service across a network IP can deal with datagrams which are too long for the network by fragmenting them into datagrams of an acceptable size Incoming datagram fragments are reassembled into whole datagrams The Line Printer protocol is used to transfer print data to a host with a printer attached AlphaTCP supports the client side of the Line Printer protocol The Network Time Protocol is used to synchronize system clocks with very high precision The SNTP server uses a subset of the full NTP protocol The Post Office Protocol handles the retrieval of mail by hosts which are usu ally not on the network or have limited memory resources The Serial Line Internet Protocol lets you use the other TCP IP protocols over hardwired serial lines or phone lines Most SLIP implementations provide no direct modem support but AlphaTCP has been enhanced to use script files to define the steps needed for automatic modem connections AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Introduction Page 1 7 Protocol Fun
125. en as C C is the control character that cancels most programs and returns you to AMOS command level This symbol indicates an important note or warning you should read carefully before going further in the documentation Usually text next to this symbol contains instructions for something you must or must not do so read it carefully This symbol indicates a helpful bit of information or a short cut that could save you time or trouble sl This symbol indicates something you should keep in mind while following a set Ww of instructions TECHNICAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION This section covers the basic concepts of networking with TCP IP In order to install this package prop erly you must understand these concepts and configure the software to fit your environment Internet Addresses Each host on the network has its own address unique to that computer This is how data packets are de livered to the proper computer Whenever you add another computer to the network you must set it up with its own address Internet addresses are separate from Ethernet or AlphaNET addresses Since TCP IP is an internet proto col it needs an address format which is consistent across differing network types The internet address is 32 bits 4 octets long It is usually displayed as four decimal numbers between 0 and 255 separated by periods like this 101 14 0 23 The first one two or three numbers depending on the class of the network see below
126. er Nine Some interesting features may be observed in the above output For example URL embedded filename DSKO VER LIT 1 4 This item was provided to the program via the f meta character The source of this filename is the re mainder of the path in the URL basic demo sys ver lit testing This feature may be used anywhere you need to provide a filename for an application to process Had the v meta character been used the existence of the file and accessibility via PUBLIC PPN would have been verified first thus preventing a malicious user from entering arbitrary file names The same in formation is also available in raw and processed forms via the following two lines in the environment variables file Path info sys ver lit Path translated DSKO VER LIT 1 4 Another item of interest in the environment variables is this Query string testing The source of this string is the remainder of the URL beyond the path basic demo sys ver lit testing This may be used to pass arguments to the application and is the standard argument passing mechanism of the GET method The arguments must be in URL encoded format The same query string may be passed to the application on the command line using the a meta character The input file contains lines for each field on the form The name of the field as defined on the form is followed by an equal sign and the value of the field AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12
127. er or dhcprequest and a bootre ply as dhcpoffer or dhcpack There are additional types but these are the primary ones A dhcpdiscover is broadcast on the network When a dhcp server hears the request it broadcasts a dhcpoffer There may be multiple servers which answer A dhcprequest is then broadcast thus notifying the entire network which server the dhcp client has chosen to configure with The offering dhcp server upon hearing the request then reserves the settings and sends the client a dhcpack BOOTPC will continue running after configuring the interfaces if it must renew a temporary DHCP lease It will terminate if there are no DHCP configured interfaces or if the DHCP lease is a permanent one Until BOOTPC has finished configuring the network parameters most other AlphaTCP servers will wait in SI state If a dhcp lease expires active connections will be terminated and these same servers will go back to sleep until a new address has been acquired AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 40 Chapter Five Customizing Their are a number of switches which may be used with BOOTPC d Enables debug mode writes additional information to the network logger f When creating the TCP RESOLYV file adds a tryhostfile line h Creates the TCP MYNAME hostname file from the bootp host and domain name fields n Creates the TCP RESOLV nameserver file from the bootp nameserver field t Updates the time server address in the TCP SNT
128. erface enabled e Extras to cover extra jobs spawned by various tasks such as MTUSAV MULTI Metropo lis etc Since there is not much overhead associated with increasing the number of jobs be generous in adding jobs add at least 10 extra 2 At the end of the JOBALC statements add the following line AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 4 2 Chapter Four JOBALC NETLOG TCPEMU Because TCPEMU spawns many jobs it is best to add it to the end of the JOBALC statements so the spawned jobs will appear by TCPEMU in a STAT display 3 At the end of the TRMDEF statements add the following two lines TRMDEF NETLOG PSEUDO NULL 100 100 100 TRMDEF TCPEMU PSEUDO NULL 100 100 100 4 If you are using SLIP to use AlphaTCP over a modem add a TRMDEF statement for the port the modem is connected to Make sure to set the baud rate correctly for the modem you are using The other parameters of the modem TRMDEF are not important to AlphaTCP though they may be to other applications You can use the TELTYP terminal driver 5 If you are using SLIP to use AlphaTCP over a serial line add a TRMDEF for each serial con nection The parameters of the TRMDEF are not important to AlphaTCP though they may be to other applications You can use the TELTYP terminal driver 6 Locate the ERSATZ statement s and add the following line there ERSATZ ERSATZ NEW This file defines the TCP ers
129. ervers on multiple hosts but has a primary host handling all SMTP mail for your domain Setting up AlphaTCP Postoffice Server Page 1 of 2 POSTOFFICE SERVER POP3D CHECK LIST E Create the account dev ppn for the temporary files L Add the ersatz TCPPOP dev ppn to SYS TCPIP ERZ for the temporary file account E Copy your main system initialization file to a temporary INI file _ Increase the number of JOBS by 1 plus maxcon J Add the LODEMD command before the first SYSTEM command using the following syntax LODEMD maildvr I Load the following into system memory TCP POP3D LIT TCP POP3D RTI and SYS CMDLIN SYS Use the following syntax SYSTEM TCP POP3D LIT SYSTEM TCP POP3D RTI SYSTEM SYS CMDLIN SYS LJ Increase SMEM memory by maxcon 1 66K See memory requirements worksheet J Edit the TCP CONFIG file L Remove the from the start pop3d line LI if dbgmod is yes add d to the end of the start pop3d line Ld if strip is yes add h to the end of the start pop3d line I If maxcon is not 20 add smaxcon to the end of the start pop3d line LI If timout is not 4 add ttimout to the end of the start pop3d line E Create or edit TCP POPUSR Add the valid postoffice users using the following syntax lognam 1 logpsw 1 usrnam 1 lognam 2 logpsw 2 usrnam 2 lognam x logpsw x usrnam x Setting up AlphaTCP Postoffice Server Page 2 of 2 Setting Up AlphaTCP Telnet Sessions T
130. es on proper tuning to handle the characteristics of your network This tun ing must be done in a number of places the IPCINI command the TCPEMU job s memory assignment and within the CONFIG file IPCINI COMMAND The IPCINI command sets up a message area for communication between an AlphaTCP application and the TCPEMU job The first value in the command is the number of message queues to allocate the sec ond is the size of the free buffer area You need one message queue for each data path an application opens Certain applications such as FTP open multiple data paths Increasing the number of message queues has a minimal effect on memory size so it is a good idea to allow two or three for every AlphaTCP session which will be running including servers If an application runs out of message queues you may get a device full message error number 6 although other failure messages are possible Space for holding messages passed between the application and TCPEMU is assigned from the free buffer area These messages are usually under 100 bytes each Each session usually has only one out standing message at a time If an application runs out of message buffer area you may get an insuffi cient free memory message error number 2 although other failure messages are possible TCPEMU MEMORY The amount of memory you assign to the TCPEMU job determines the quantity of internal resources Al phaTCP can assign AlphaTCP uses these resources i
131. escribed above to close the log file LOGFMT reads the log file and writes each message to a file with the name of the job which sent the message and an extension of LOG For example all messages logged by TCPEMU are sent to TCPEMU LOG while messages logged by TELNED are written to TELNED LOG The files are in the TCP account You do not need to create the individual files written to by LOGFMT LOGFMT creates the files it needs to write to Any existing file of that name is erased NETSTA The NETSTA command displays information about the current state of the network Depending on the options you choose NETSTA can show information on e Each current network connection with or without the server connections e General statistics about one or more of the network protocols e The network routing table The contents and format of the displays are described below NETSTA s format is netsta options interval w The UNIX equivalent of NETSTA is netstat AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 4 Chapter Six The available options are p proto Displays an additional column headed PCB which is the address of the appro priate Protocol Control Block This is used for debugging purposes only Shows the state of all connections server connections are not shown otherwise Displays statistics relating to the Ethernet You can combine this with the s option Displays addresses and port numbers in numeric form r
132. est of the file still needs to be configured however AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 37 2 Remove the from the beginning of the zone line and if needed change the time zone abbre viations to the correct ones 3 If you use daylight saving time remove the from the beginning of the dst line and if needed set the begin and end dates The dates shown are correct for the U S The format of the dates is Week of month day of week month time For example the start date in the SNTPD NEW file is 1SunApr2 This means daylight saving time starts on the first Sunday in April at 2 A M Use standard three letter abbreviations for the day and month For the week you can enter 1 2 3 4 or L last 4 Remove the from the utc line This line contains the time difference between your standard time zone and Coordinated Universal Time Greenwich Mean Time You can enter just the hours as shown 8 is correct for Pacific Time or if necessary hours and minutes separated by a colon Remove the from the start sntpd line in the TCP CONHIG file See Customizing below Operation At the interval you define SNTPD contacts the Internet time server and synchronizes your AMOS sys tem clock to the time on the server SNTPD handles daylight saving time DST automatically It adjusts the time when it next contacts the time server after the time set to start or end DST in the S
133. et ters and numbers to make it difficult for a program accessing a dictionary to guess a password Tree View FTPD may now display the AMOS filesystem as a heirarchical tree This will allow someone with a graphical FTP client to traverse the accounts and disk devices on a system The following requirements must be met to enable tree view e AlphaNET NETSER must be running e RPC SYS must be loaded in system memory with N e The ersatz TCPFTP must reference a ppn for temp files e The T and n switches must be enabled on FTPD Only users with log or PUBLIC PPN privileges are allowed to move around the directory tree Some graphical FTP clients do not support moving up from the login directory In this case the users login should be changed to a virtual account For instance if the login is DSKO the user will see a list of ppns on DSKO If the login is 0 the AlphaNET ID for this machine then the user will see a list of disk devices AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 13 MAIL SERVER SMTPD The MAIL server SMTPD handles the transfer of electronic mail both into and out of AMOS Access to the local mail package is provided through an electronic mail driver provided with the mail package Requirements If you are using DNS Domain Name Service the MX Mail Exchanger records must be properly setup to route mail to your host This must be done by the administrator of
134. ev ppn for the temporary print files LL Add the ersatz TCPLPR dev ppn to SYS TCPIP ERZ for the temporary print file account E Create and edit each printer initialization file prtini x Use the following syntax DEVICE TLP prtdev x NAME prtnam x DEFAULT prtdflt x OPERATOR msgjob x FORMFEED TRUE or FALSE FORMS BANNER TRUE or FALSE HEADER TRUE or FALSE LPP WIDTH CLUSTER TRUE or FALSE INFORM2 TRUE or FALSE RESTART TRUE or FALSE E Copy your main system initialization file to a temporary INI file I Increase the number of JOBS by 1 plus the number of TCP printers times 2 L Define the TLP device in a DEVTBL statement using the following syntax DEVTBL TLPO I Load the following into system memory SYS LPR LIT SYS LPR RTI and DVR TLP DVR Use the following syntax SYSTEM SYS LPR LIT SYSTEM SYS LPR RTI SYSTEM DVR TLP DVR LJ Increase SMEM memory by spoolers 1 41K See memory requirements worksheet If Memory Based Spooler J Add the spooler job names to the JOBALC line JOBALC spljob 1 spljob 2 spliob x J Add the spooler TRMDEFs TRMDEF splirm 1 PSEUDO NULL 50 50 50 TRMDEF splirm 2 PSEUDO NULL 50 50 50 TRMDEF splirm x PSEUDO NULL 50 50 50 LJ Start the spooler jobs by using the SETJOB statement as follows SETJOB spljob 1 spltrm 1 8K LPTINI prtini 1 SETJOB spljob 2 splirm 2 8K LPTINI prtini 2 SETJOB spljob x spltrm x 8K LPTINI prtini x For task
135. form uudecode on incoming uuencoded binary files ccount Changes the default client limit to count The default is ten which means a maximum of ten outgoing mail connections are allowed at any one time If more outgoing mail exists it will wait until other clients exit d Turns on debug mode In this state information about SMTPD operation and connection traces are sent to the network logger You may then view the network error log to diagnose delivery problems As much information is logged by this mode it is advised to leave it off for normal operation The status of debug may be changed by sending a usr2 signal to the pri mary SMTPD process See UKILL in Chapter 6 for further detail fsize K M Places a file size limit on incoming mail After a mail message reaches this AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 16 lname mcount FR scount tminutes xcount Z Chapter Five size the rest of the message is truncated and a line stating this is appended to the message By default no limit is imposed Tells SMTPD to strip the host name when appending a source address to a local address This is used when you are setting up to address mail to the domain name For example if the full name of the system is sales widgit com using the h switch causes outgoing mail to ap pear to come from widgit com This switch should be enabled when using DNS It causes mail delivery to be retried for failures
136. formance is poor If this value is too large you rob the rest of AlphaTCP of needed resources resulting in poor performance or failure The total number of message blocks assigned to the ec0 device is broken down into three sizes 64 512 and 2048 bytes 20 of the specified value is assigned as 2KB buffers 5 are 512 byte buffers and the remaining 75 are 64 byte buffers This breakdown is output to the network logger so you can compare it to the breakdown of message blocks available If the number of buffers assigned exceeds 1 3 to 1 2 of any message block group you may want to reduce the buffer count or increase the memory assigned to TCPEMU You can verify that the ecO device has enough buffers available by typing NETSTA e If the packets lost value is non zero then messages are arriving with no message block to place them in If so increase the buffer count Be aware that you may need to increase the TCPEMU memory at the same time TCPEMU MBD FILE Messages pass through AlphaTCP in message blocks known as mblks These are created in eight dif ferent sizes when AlphaTCP is started The number of mblks assigned to a given size depend on memory available and a preset distribution pattern Preference is given to highly used sizes although usage pat terns may vary from those assumed by the default distribution The TCPEMU MBD file lets you change the distribution pattern A new distribution pattern is created by listing quant
137. g the FTP server The FTP server does not read user names from the USER SYS file TELNET however does This gives you greater control over who can use FTP Edit the file FTPUSR The prototype file looks like this samantha 1PaSwOrD2 dsk5 101 0 3 william 3pAsWoRd4 dsk5 102 0 3 root 1d2IF3icu2LT dsk0 1 2 15 anonymous dsk5 377 376 There are four or five parts to each line each line in the prototype file has only the first four 1 The user login name The user login password The account to log into upon a successful login The user privilege level nan A N An optional file protection flags override Each part must be delimited by a single space only If you require multiple word entries separate the words with something other than a space such as an underline or period All names and passwords in FTPUSR must be a single word with no spaces though you can include punctuation characters Entries are case sensitive A is different than a As in the other files a marks a comment line AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 10 Chapter Five The password should contain case differences and a combination of letters and numbers This makes it more difficult to guess the password through use of a program feeding dictionary words or random num bers to the software A password of tells AlphaTCP to accept any password Any login with this pass word should have a very restricted pri
138. git com while Jane Doe s is jdoe corp widgit com You would place the following entries in the SMTPD ALI file John_Doe johnd sales widgit com Jane_Doe jdoe corp widgit com Now users outside the company will be able to send mail to John_Doe widgit com and Jane_Doe widgit com This is also very handy for field personal Using an alias they may be provided with a corporate address which actually forwards to their mailbox at a national Internet service provider Normally SMTPD will check for a mailbox in the local mail system first for example in USER SYS when using AlphaMAIL Ifa user has a local mailbox the SMTPD ALI file won t be used You can force SMTPD to check the SMTPD ALI file first with the a switch This can be handy if you want to temporarily override a users local mailbox and forward their mail elsewhere Note however that any mail sent between local mail users such as two users running AlphaMAIL locally can only be delivered to the users local mailbox CONFIG Startup Options The following command line options are available on the start line for smtpd in TCP CONFIG start smtpd 125k a b ccount d fsize h i lname mcount n o pname q scount tminutes u xcount z These options perform the following functions a Forces SMTPD to check the alias file SMTPD ALI before looking for a local mailbox Normally a local mailbox takes precedence b Tells SMTPD not to per
139. he AMOS Monitor Calls Manual for more information Once you have entered all valid FTP users save the file and exit the text editor Many options are available on the start line of the CONFIG file as follows start ftpd 50k 1l m n o p Pport t t tseconds u AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 11 The optional switches have the following meanings P Pport r tseconds Si Electronic mail address should be supplied as password for guest logins By de fault guest logins can type anything as a password Using this switch they must type something at least 5 characters long containing an All logins and file transfers are sent to the network error logger The FTPLOG pro gram may be used to process the network error log and record the activity See Chapter 6 Causes multiline responses such as used to display the TCP FTP file to have a status code prepended to every line Though a violation of the FTP specification many servers do this and many clients now require it Changes the format returned by a LIST command FTP dir command to be more usable by a graphical FTP client Although LIST is defined to be human readable while NLST is machine readable many graphical FTP clients try to process the output of a LIST operation The default output of a LIST does not match any sys tem type selectable Overrides the AMOS file protecti
140. he AMOS system initialization file to install AlphaTCP e Modifying your system initialization command file e Testing your network setup e Fine tuning AlphaTCP performance by loading files into system memory AlphaTCP requires several modifications to your system initialization command file also called the INI file This file is called either AMOSL INI or AMOS32 INI depending on your version of AMOS These instructions assume you are familiar with this initialization file If you want more information refer to the System Operator s Guide to the System Initialization Com mand File Before you perform the following steps you need to determine memory requirements for both the TCPEMU job and the shared memory area The memory size depends on which servers you start and how many connections each will support See the discussions of memory requirements for each server earlier in this book SI Never modify your system initialization command file directly Always copy the file and modify the copy Changing your initialization file directly could make it impossible to boot your com puter CHANGES TO THE SYSTEM INITIALIZATION COMMAND FILE Follow these steps to update your INI file for AlphaTCP 1 Make sure the JOBS statement allocates enough jobs to allow for e Two jobs for the AlphaTCP emulator e One job for each server which will be spawned e One job for each connection each server will handle e One extra job per SLIP int
141. he amount of data in bytes waiting to be transmitted including data sent but not yet acknowledged AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 5 Local Address The internet address of the local host and the port number the connection is using If the local host has an entry in TCP HOSTS its name is shown instead Likewise if the port has a name listed in TCP SERVIC its name is listed If the port is not yet established the port number is shown as If you use the n option the host address and port number are shown as numbers even if there are names established for them Foreign Address The internet address and port number of the remote host to which the socket is connected State This column applies to TCP connections only The possible states are CLOSED LISTEN TIME_WAIT SYN_SEND SYN_RECV LAST_ACK FIN_WAIT_1 FIN_WAIT_2 CLOSING ESTABLISHED CLOSE WAIT With the A option there is an additional column to the right showing the address of the appropriate protocol control block When you use the s option the output looks like this tcp O incomplete headers O header checksum errors udp O incomplete headers O header checksum errors 0 bad data length fields ip 0O incomplete headers O header checksum errors 0 bad data length fields By default statistics are shown for TCP UDP and IP you can use the p option to display only one pro tocol The e option output is
142. here are many books about writing HTML and Web publishing For information on supporting fill out forms and image maps see Chapter 9 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 26 Chapter Five Default Documents There are two defaults which the web server uses when portions of the URL are missing The first default is used when a URL does not contain any path information beyond the host name For example http www widgit com To the AMOS web server this means no directory or filename information was provided The web server will return the TCP HTTPD HTM file as the master web page You can change this default file using the m option described below The second default is used when a URL contains path information but no filename For example http www widgit com sales The AMOS web server assumes the sales portion should be used as an ersatz name and returns the HOME HTM file in the SALES directory If the URL does not end in a forward slash the browser is redirected with one that does This allows relative references to function If you advertise a URL with out a filename showing the URL with a terminating forward slash will reduce your system s overhead Special File Requests There are a couple of files in the root directory sometimes requested by a client which have a special meaning Normally the only file which the web server allows access to in TCP is the primary HTTPD HTM file The web server also allows a
143. hing less secure or to one matching their real login password LINE PRINTER CLIENT LPR The line printer client provides access through the standard AMOS print utilities to printers on UNIX systems and TCP IP based print servers Requirements You must have a spooler defined in the system initialization file for each TCP IP based printer you wish to access The TLP DVR driver must be included in the system initialization file It should be on a DEVTBL line as well as placed in system memory with a SYSTEM command LPR LIT and LPR RTI should also be loaded into system memory The ersatz TCPLPR must be created for an account where LPR may write temporary files To use dynamic printers AMOS must be version 2 3A or later AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 21 Operation The spoolers output print files through the TLP driver In turn LPR writes the file to a temporary file in the TCPLPR account When the file is complete LPR forks a copy of itself to contact the print server and transfer the file to it Only one server per TCP IP printer is active at any time Active print requests are stored in the TCPLPR account Two files are created for each print request a CF and a DF file The CF file contains LPR protocol information and the DF file contains the print data If the system is booted while print files are queued they are automatically resent when LPR is started Cust
144. ication definition Decode Yes This causes the server to decode the fields and turn them into individual CRLF terminated lines Supplying MIME Headers If you specify a MIME type in the application definition file the server handles the details involved in returning a proper completion code and MIME header If you wish to supply your own MIME header you also must supply the normal server completion code with it The completion code must be the first line of output immediately preceding the MIME header It consists of the server protocol for instance HTTP 1 0 the code value and a string Sample completion code lines include HTTP 1 0 200 OK Requested information follows HTTP 1 0 302 Found Redirect to another URL HTTP 1 0 304 Not Modified Use local copy unchanged since last access HTTP 1 0 400 Bad Request Unrecognized input provided HTTP 1 0 401 Unauthorized Authorization required for document HTTP 1 0 403 Forbidden Not allowed to provide document AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Advanced Web Server Usage Page 9 9 HTTP 1 0 404 Not Found Document was not located HTTP 1 0 500 Server Error Catch all error HTTP 1 0 501 Not Implemented Requested operation not implemented HTTP 1 0 6992 No Memory Ran out of memory Command Line Meta Characters The following meta characters may be used on the command line The actual value of the meta character will be substituted at the position it occurs on the com
145. id Doing this will cause any open connections to be terminated thus it is a good idea to terminate any ap plications using the TDD device and any with open incoming connections first Security TDDD will only open connections to hosts and allow access to devices which are configured in the TCP TDDD file Once you provide a link between a tcp port and a device anyone can open a TCP con nection to that device and send it characters This might be a concern if you have a printer or fax con nected as anyone with access to the defined port has access to the printer or fax AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 42 Chapter Five Device Sharing Devices accessed by incoming connections under TDDD need to be defined as non sharable by placing a forward slash in front of them on the DEVTBL line in the System Initialization file This will prevent output from multiple TDDD sessions and from the spooler from being written to the device simultane ously You should NOT set the TRMO device as non sharable as this will limit access to only one printer at a time through the TRM device thereby locking out access to other printers Instead define multiple non sharable logical devices TRM1 TRM2 etc Change your spoolers and TDDD definitions to access each printer on a different logical For instance use TRM1 SHIPNG and TRM2 SALES in place of TRMO SHIPNG and TRMO SALES Doing this will prevent conflicts between two jobs accessing T
146. ilename The default output contains host names and their internet addresses When output is directed to a file hash marks print for every 50 records received from the server option can be one of t querytype lists all records of the specified type see querytype below za lists aliases of hosts in the domain Synonym for t CNAME a lists all records for the domain Synonym for t ANY H lists CPU and operating system information for the domain Synonym for t HINFO gt S lists well known services of hosts in the domain Synonym for t WKS view filename AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 14 Chapter Six Allows you to examine the output from previous commands sent to a file Uses the AlphaVUE text editor help Lists a brief summary of commands exit Exits the program Error Messages If a lookup request is not successful an error message is printed Possible errors which you may see in clude Timed out Server did not respond to a request after a certain amount of time changed with set time out value and a certain number of retries changed with set retry value No response from server No name server is running on the server machine No records The server does not have resource records of the current query type for the host although the host name is valid The query type is specified with the set querytype command Non existent domain The host or domain name does not exist
147. ill begin with LOGON For other options see Chapter 5 If your physical TRMDEFs plus VTSER type 2 TRMDEFs add up to your AMOS port license count you will need to reduce one of them TELNED does not use the TRMDEF style ports at all If You Allow Incoming File Transfer Requests If you want secure FTP sessions delete the from the start ftpd 50k line For information on the o option that overrides AMOS file protection see FTP SERVER FTPD in Chapter 5 If you want TFTP sessions delete the from the start tftpd 35k line There is no security asso ciated with TFTP and many sites will not want to enable it If You Want System Uptime Information Delete the from the start rwhod 75k line This generates broadcast information on the network and is not always welcome at larger installations If You Want to Synchronize Your System Time Remove the from the beginning of the start sntpd 85k b2 p240 line The SNTPD server synchronizes your system time to match the time retrieved from the time server system specified on this AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 10 Chapter Three line It also creates the TCP TIMZON file for you and changes it for daylight saving time as needed You must also set up information in the TCP SNTPD file See Chapter 5 for more information on this If You Want to Use TCP Through Application Programs Delete the from the beginning of the start tamed 200k line This allows you
148. inside square brack ets Example 192 168 0 1 When the server is able to resolve a hostname it s in TCP HOSTS or you really are using DNS it will usually deliver the message directly rather than use the relay in SMTPD FOR You may force the server to always use the relay by specifying the q switch This can be handy if you always want mail delivered through a single host for instance if the AMOS host is behind a firewall Limiting Hosts and Users That Can Use SMTPD to Forward Mail To prevent malicious users from forwarding their junk mail through your server specify the o switch on the SMTPD command line and create the file TCP SMTPD FWD List valid destination and source lines in the file as follows TO host or domain name This allows any connecting host to send mail to the specified destination If your site is listed as a backup SMTP host for other hosts or domains they must be specified on TO lines in the file FROM ip address This allows only certain hosts or groups of hosts to use SMTPD to forward mail Portions of the IP address may be replaced with an asterisk as a wildcard Usually you would place a wildcard IP address for your entire domain on a FROM line in the file If you have remote users with static addresses you could also allow them to use SMTPD by placing their address on a FROM line Your remote users with dynamic address may always forward mail to any address if they login with proper authentication Please
149. ions A brief overview of these protocols is given below AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 1 6 Protocol ARP BOOTP DHCP DNS HTTP FTP ICMP IP LPR NTP POP3 SLIP Chapter One Function The Address Resolution Protocol translates internet addresses into physical network addresses The computer supports time out of ARP information and also collects ARP information from request packets targeted at other sta tions those not addressed to your computer The BOOTP protocol allows diskless hosts to retrieve their network parameters including an optional boot file name from a central server An extension to the BOOTP protocol allowing temporary allocation of IP ad dresses The Domain Name Service is a distributed database of host names and ad dresses It replaces the HOSTS file in large installations AlphaTCP supports the Resolver portion of DNS The HyperText Transfer Protocol provides the transport mechanism for deliv ering documents on the World Wide Web The File Transfer Protocol lets users on computers running under different op erating systems access files The underlying protocol layer is TCP IP The user interface is the program FTP described in Chapter 2 of the AlphaTCP User s Guide FTP offers a variety of services beyond simple file transfer including working with the directory on the remote computer transferring groups of files appending a local file to a file on the r
150. ities separated by commas for all eight mblk sizes These go from small to large mblks You may use the file TCPEMU NEW as a sample This file contains the same numbers used internally as the default distribution Note that the numbers do not define the actual number of mblks created TCPEMU uses the numbers and mblk sizes represented as a baseline This baseline is then multiplied by the amount of memory available to TCPEMU to actually create the mblks When adjusting the distribution you may want to decrease some values when you increase others otherwise the minimum memory requirements for TCPEMU will increase AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Tuning AlphaTCP Performance Page 8 3 Determining Allocation The actual number of mblks created in each size is written as a table to the network log file at startup See Chapter 6 for information on controlling the network logger You may use this information to see what the effect of changing the distribution is Determining Usage You may determine the highest and current mblk usage at any time When you send the TCPEMU job pid 1 a usrl signal it outputs this information to the network log file See Chapter 6 for information on UKILL and sending signals The lines list highest and current use percentages for each of the mblk sizes from small to large If any of these values approach 70 you may want to increase the distribution for that mblk size At the same time you may wish t
151. itself Customizing There are a number of command line options available If you don t have a BBS interface enable the file retrieval option otherwise the server will have no useful function to perform f Tells BBSERV to allow file retrieval requests File requests must contain a colon and a period to be recognized as such Only accounts which contain the file PUBLIC PPN are accessible lname Changes the accessed mailbox from bbs to name If the mailbox name you want to use contains multiple words place the entire option in quotes For example IINFO SERVER P Enables posting to the BBS Without this switch the BBS is read only This option is only valid when you have a BBS interface r Tells BBSERV to append a line to the file BBSERV ACT for each incoming message This will contain the date time and mail address of the incoming message The mail address may be either local or internet format depending on the source S Enables the mailing list subscribe unsubscribe actions This option is only valid when you have a BBS interface and it supports automated digest mail ing E A transcript of the session will be mailed back to the user in addition to any requested information The transcript describes each action performed and any errors encountered By default no transcript is created unless the user re quests it via a TRANSCRIPT request in the mail message Security File access is controlled by requiring the file PU
152. k error logger requires 40K of memory to run User Memory The client programs provided with AlphaTCP require the following minimum memory partitions Users who wants to make an outgoing connection must have at least this much memory in their partitions If the LIT files are NOT in system memory the requirements are ftp 155KB tftp 124KB telnet 124KB If the LIT files are in system memory the requirements are ftp TIKB tftp 59KB telnet 63KB The AlphaTCP maintenance programs are small enough that you should have no problem running any of them if you can run any of the client programs CONFIGURING THE ALPHATCP SETUP FILES You now need to enter the information for your computer into the AlphaTCP configuration files These files are discussed in this chapter There are several files all found in DSKO 7 50 or whatever account you installed the software in File Function BOOTPD This is the configuration file used by the BOOTPD server See Chapter 5 CONFIG The CONFIG configuration file tells AlphaTCP how to connect to the network and which servers to start A CONFIG NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP and may be modified by you before being renamed to CONFIG Information on this file can be found both in this chapter and in Chapter 5 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 4 File FTP FTPUSR HOSTS HTTPD CVT HTTPD HTM HTTPD DEV ITCD LPR MIME TYP MYNAME NETWRK POPUSR RESOLY
153. l SMTPD Files Several special SMTPD files allow you to 1 Specify host names which should be treated as if they were local names SMTPD LOC 2 Forward mail for unrecognized hosts to a remote computer that is using a name server if you aren t using one SMTPD FOR 3 Define alias addresses for mail recipients SMTPD ALI For information on creating these files see the Customizing section in Mail Server SMTPD in Chapter 5 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 19 Configuring the Name Server It is very important when using SMTP with name servers to properly configure the name server A and MX records for your setup This is beyond the scope of this document and should be done by someone familiar with DNS and BIND administration A good book to reference is DNS and BIND in a Nut shell see the bibliography in Chapter 1 If You Are Using POP3 Mail The POP3D server is used to allow hosts that cannot support a full SMTP implementation such as PCs to get mail See Chapter 5 for more information on this server The POPPWD server supports the change password function in Eudora and is optional Creating the POPUSR File Create the file TCP POPUSR and enter the connection information for each user who will be accessing the post office Define each user on a separate line with the login password and mailbox name of the user The format of the user definition is
154. l and serial to seriall SLIP Connection 3 Make a copy of the line beginning s1lip and make the same changes as for SLIP Connection 1 but change the slip to slip2 and serial to serial2 SLIP Connection 4 Make a copy of the line beginning s1ip and make the same changes as for SLIP Connection 1 but change the slip to slip3 and serial to serial3 Optional Subnet Mask This value overrides the standard class based mask It is appended to the above address with a slash and placed in the same configuration file For example adding a subnet mask to the address in the sample file might look like this ethernet 192 0 2 65 255 255 255 192 ether eth net Chapter 1 has an explanation of subnetting AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 17 If You Are Using a Print Server Set up your AMOS spoolers as usual In place of the line in the AMOS printer initialization file normally used to define the terminal name for example DEVICE TRM SPOOL enter DEVICE TLP name name may be any unique name up to six characters in length write this name down for use later Changing CONFIG Edit the TCP CONFIG file and delete the from the start lpr 35k line Changing LPR The DEVICE TLP name definition is mapped to the TCP printer in the TCP LPR file A sample file LPR NEW is provided which may be modified and renamed
155. lay the list Default domain substring from TCP MYNAME ab breviation do Change the default domain name to name and the domain search list to namel name2 etc A maximum of 6 names separated by slashes can be specified For example set srchlist lcs MIT EDU ai MIT EDU MIT EDU sets the domain to 1cs MIT EDU and the search list to the three names This command overrides the default domain name and search list of the set domain command Use the set all command to display the list Default domain substring from TCP MYNAME abbre viation srchl AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 12 no defname no search port value querytype value type value no recurse retry number root host Chapter Six If set append the default domain name to a single component lookup request one that does not contain a period Default defname abbreviation no def If the lookup request contains at least one period but doesn t end with a trailing period append the domain names in the domain search list to the request until an answer is received Default search abbre viation no sea Change the default TCP UDP name server port to value Default 53 abbreviation po Change the type of information query to one of A the host s Internet address AFSDB AFS distributed file system database CNAME the canonical name for an alias GID the g
156. lect your own computer s configuration A GOTCP NEW file is shipped with Al phaTCP and may be renamed to GOTCP CMD Remember to edit it for your computer first Note that most of these files have null extensions If you use DIR to list these files you will see only the file name To edit these files using AlphaVUE or AlphaXED you must include the period after the file name AlphaTCP includes prototypes for most of these files The prototype files have the extension NEW and need to be renamed if you decide to use them The following sections describe how to modify the proto types with the information you need assuming you have renamed them to the proper extension For in stance to rename a prototype SERVIC NEW file to a null extension enter AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 6 Chapter Three LOG TCP RENAME SERVIC NEW Configuration File CONFIG AlphaTCP reads the configuration file to determine how to connect to the local network interface and which servers to spawn This file also allows you to change the time out period TCP uses when closing a connection as well as the time servers will have their connections dropped due to communication failure The file name is CONFIG The prototype file CONFIG NEW looks like this attach the ethernet to the internet package using AlphaNET NDVs EXAMPLE ifconfig lt interface gt lt AlphaNet Network gt arpa lt receive buffers gt ifconfig ec0 101 arp
157. level deep which allows a single ersatz name Further references which supply only a filename will cause the web browser to access the same account as the document containing the reference This is handy when the files referenced by a document are in the same account as the document itself AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Advanced Web Server Usage Page 9 3 When files are located in a different account the reference must be made relative to root using a leading forward slash For instance refer to the original example URL again http www widgit com sales new product info html If the above document contains the link lt A HREF images bumper gif gt The web browser will improperly attempt to access the image file as http www widgit com sales images bumper gif Obviously accessing SALES IMAGES BUMPER GIF is an error The proper reference to the file IMAGES BUMPER GIF where the file is actually stored would be lt A HREF images bumper gif gt Limiting Access to Directories By manually entering URLs malicious users may attempt to request files they are not entitled to To prevent this the AlphaTCP web server only allows access to files if the account contains the file PUBLIC PPN The contents of the public ppn file are unimportant only the filename itself is searched for If this file exists files in the account may be read by the web server and a number of other AlphaTCP servers Do not place this
158. liant behav ior which confuses InSight is active with a combination of AlphaTCP 1 4A and AMOS 2 3A or later If you have a mix of clients to support on one server you may leave this switch off the TELNED command line and instead allow each client needing it to ap pend n to the end of the memory terminal driver prompt For example gt am65 200k n Allows dynamic job priority scheduling By default the TELNED job excludes itself from SET DYNAMIC This switch may be used if your particular envi ronment operates better with TELNED receiving a variable priority Allows you to change the displayed example terminal driver from AM65A to something else such as VT 100 Sets the size of the input buffer and line width which otherwise defaults to 100 Use this option with caution as it increases the memory allocated for the line editor buffers AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 7 port allows you to set up TELNED with a TCP port number different from the default of 23 thus allow ing multiple servers with their own specific applications When using a port number other than 23 use one not defined in SERVIC preferably 3000 or greater If you want to use the default port but define other options on the line use 0 for the port number as a placeholder memory has three possible formats xxk Sets all connections to xxk memory Does not prompt anyone making a connec tion for the
159. lowing three fields separated by a space 1 The character S or U This stands for subscribe and unsubscribe 2 A single topic name to be acted upon 3 The mail address of the requester This may be a local style address as usually encountered in the local mail package or an internet style address user host It should be noted that local style addresses may contain spaces such as when first and last names are in use Once reaching the third field be sure to process the remainder of the line as a single field even if spaces are en countered between words It is expected that the program responsible for performing the batch BBS mailings will process this file periodically possibly once per day This program is not supplied and must be written by you This pro gram is known as the list server As an example the following sequence of events should probably be performed by your program when it begins a mailing session 1 Rename the subscriptions file and process the days subscriptions and or unsubscriptions If the file does not exist there were none received 2 Read the list server s incoming mailbox for bounced mail not the mailbox used by BBSERV they should be different Some suggestions for determining the message that refers to a bounce include e The source address includes the word DAEMON somewhere on the left side of the example MAITLER DAEMON mail widgit com e The subject inclu
160. ly handle receiving additional SI EXIT C requests if the termination process takes more than about 10 seconds If your application generally exits quickly upon receiving a C as do most AMOS LIT files you will probably not have any problems sl In the case of an inactive or dropped connection it may be up to 30 minutes or longer before this P gt shutdown process begins See the section To Change the TCP Keepalive Time out in Chapter 3 and the discussion of keepalives in the TELNED section in Chapter 5 Handling Termination Requests in Assembler If you are unfamiliar with software interrupts you should review the section on them in the AMOS Monitor Calls Manual Software interrupts are actually not that difficult to use Place an index to your handler into SI EXI of the software interrupt vector table and register the table It is registered and enabled using the SIMSK monitor call and the SISEXI bit Your handler may do whatever you choose from terminating the application to simply setting a flag and performing an SIRTN Handling Termination Requests in AlphaBASIC In a TCP based application you can enable SI EXIT processing using a standard activity flag See the chapter on the TCP XCALL in the AlphaBASIC XCALL Subroutine User s Manual DSO 00066 00 re vision 03 or later sl AlphaBASIC does not handle SI EXIT requests itself Newer implementations of AlphaBASE P gt Metropolis and ESP might support it however stand
161. mand defines the actual AMOS command line to run There are a number of special meta characters available on this line They are listed below after some further explanation of why they re needed The line memory specifies the amount of memory required by the application Follow the number with a K no space to specify kilobytes The line account is the account the program will be executed in This may be an ersatz name or a de vice and ppn specification The line kill says whether or not the application should be terminated if the browser disconnects Usu ally this should be Yes The line decode tells the web server whether or not to convert browser encoded data into plain text Set this to Yes if you want your fields returned on individual CRLF terminated lines The line mime tells the server to prepend its own headers and the type of data the application is output ting Usually this will be text plain for raw text or text html for a formatted web document If this line does not exist your output must contain an HTTP status line MIME headers and a blank line before the actual data begins UNIX and AMOS Differences Due to differences between the AMOS and UNIX environments applications supporting forms will also be different The interface is flexible enough to allow applications to be written in any language assem bler C or BASIC This section explains the need for the command line meta characters AlphaTCP Administrator
162. mand line Pm Place a percent sign at this point on the command line Joa Place GET method arguments here Joe Place the environment variable filename here of Place the filename from the URL here Joi Place the input filename here Po Place the output filename here Jov Same as f but validate the filename first PUT AND DELETE METHODS HTTPD supports two methods which are often used to update web pages and remove files PUT and DELETE Neither of these methods is directly handled by HTTPD Instead either cause the web appli cation called http publish By adding an http publish definition to TCP HTTPD APP you may start your own program to handle the transaction Your program should contain functions to request and check authorization before performing the PUT or DELETE See Supporting Authorization below for how authorization verification is done SUPPORTING COOKIES Cookies are used to store small bits of information in the browser Cookies are often used to hold user preferences and shopping cart selections Cookies are created and processed by web applications A sample program BAS WEBCKY BAS is provided in the AlphaTCP release Cookies contain a name value path and expiration The path and expiration are optional When a path exists it defines a subset of the path portion of the URL to which the cookie is valid for Usually you will set the path to the web application the URL runs In other words if the web application
163. may be set up instead See the following section Customizing for how this is done If you have a BBS interface to BBSERV there are a number of other items to set up Refer to the documentation for the BBS for the additional requirements If you are developing a BBS interface see Appendix D Operation Users send requests via electronic mail to the server s mailbox These requests are in the form of English sentences Periodically the server reads the mail in its mailbox and carries out the requests Any infor mation requested is electronically mailed back using the source address of the original message Multiple requests may be made in a single mail message allowing many actions to be performed in a single re quest BBSERYV itself understands requests for help a session transcript and files items with a colon and a period When using BBSERV with a BBS BBSERV also understands requests to read or post BBS topics items without a colon or period and to subscribe and unsubscribe from automated mailing of those topics AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 33 Usage instructions for BBSERV are located in the BBSERV NEW file This file may be printed if you are configuring BBSERV You should customize it and rename it to BBSERV HLP so it may be re quested by BBSERV users All BBSERV actions are requested through electronic mail messages There is no direct user interface to BBSERV
164. memory size desired For example 8 0k xxk Changes the default memory to xxk but asks the person making the connection for the desired size For example 100k xx yyk Prompts the user for the memory size but only accepts answers in the range xxk to yyk For example 100 200k tdv lets you pre define the terminal driver to use If memory is also pre defined the user is not prompted for anything when establishing a session If you don t want to define a terminal driver but do want to use the rest of the command line use an asterisk here as a placeholder description is the heading which will be shown in TELDMP for this server It must be less than 32 char acters contained within quotation marks and different than any other TELNED server started This entry is mandatory when the next option is present command specifies an AMOS command normally starting an application to execute in place of the de fault AMOS LOGON The command and any command line parameters for it must be enclosed in quo tation marks When TELNED is set up to start an application automatically the connection will be ter minated when the job exits to command level Normally the connection is terminated only when the user logs off or disconnects The following example line automatically executes the BASIC program PARTS upon connection to port 3000 It so happens that PARTS requires 150K of memory and will only be requested by users with VT100 emulations such
165. monitor level The next section describes how AlphaTCP requests application exit after that we discuss how to process this request properly in your assembler or AlphaBASIC application This information should be useful even if you use another language for your application Exit Request Generation Since this process uses the software interrupt feature this information applies only to AMOS 2 X Software interrupts are not available in AMOS 1 X There are two software interrupt features to terminate a job e SI EXI SI EXIT This is a standard maskable software interrupt which allows the job to clean up after itself e SI ABT SI ABORT This is a nonmaskable termination which aborts the job upon its next monitor call AlphaTCP uses this as a last resort AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page E 2 Appendix E When TCPEMU wants to free one of its controlled jobs it sets an SI EXIT request and sends a C to the job to wake it up If necessary it repeats this several seconds later followed by an SILABORT and C after a few more seconds sl This method SI EXIT and C is also used by other AMOS packages which use controlling jobs gt such as AlphaNET MULTI and FLiP However the timing and implementation of further steps after the first exit request differs between packages In general your application must close in 20 seconds or less after the first C to avoid being terminated by SI ABORT In addition it should proper
166. n and should be started in the TCP CONFIG file using a start command There are no custom options for this server Operation POP3D operates as a server only When a connection is requested POP3D forks a copy of itself to handle the session After the remote computer performs a POP3 login POP3D queries the local mail package for a list of messages in the new mail folder It then retrieves all of the messages and places them in the temporary account From there the remote host may retrieve various messages and op AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 19 tionally flag them for deletion Once the remote host closes the session any messages flagged for deletion are then removed from the local mail package POPPWD listens for connections from Eudora clients Upon validation of the current login and password the new password is written into the POPUSR file Successful and failed attempts are logged to the TCP POPPWD LOG file Customizing You can customize POP3D by using command line options as well as a user login file The file TCP POPUSR contains the login password and mail name of each Post Office user Each user is defined on a separate line The login and password should be unique to the Post Office Do not use the real user login on the computer No embedded spaces are allowed for these two entries The mail name entry may contain embedded spaces and must match the name used by the u
167. n many ways including holding messages in transit time out entries and session state information When AlphaTCP sets up memory it outputs the memory allocations to the network logger for you to ex amine The most important values are the number of streams and the layout of the mblks message blocks You change these values by adjusting the amount of memory assigned to the TCPEMU job The number of streams determines the maximum number of data paths available There is a close rela tionship between this value and the number of message queues set up by IPCINI as each used message queue will likely have a stream associated with it TCPEMU uses about ten streams for itself so this value should optimally be ten higher than the IPCINI message queue count The message block allocations are discussed in the next section AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 8 2 Chapter Eight CONFIG FILE lfconfig Setup i This does not apply to if config lines dealing with standalone LDVs only those for AlphaNET Ss NDVs The interface to an LDV is different and does not use the setup below If you are using AlphaTCP on an Ethernet connection the ifconfig ec0 command in CONFIG is very important The value at the end of the line pre allocates message blocks called mblks in the NETLOG file for use by the interrupt level Ethernet driver These message blocks store incoming TCP IP packets If this value is too small you drop packets and per
168. n may be SE Deletes flushes the routing table If this is used with one of the commands described below the table is deleted prior to the command s application S The operation refers to the smart gateway You may designate one gateway as the smart gateway packets for a destination which is not found in the routing table are sent to the smart gateway Do not include a destination when you use this option The command may be add Adds a route change Modifies an existing route delete Deletes a route print Displays one or more routes For add and change you must include both a destination and a gateway unless you are using the s op tion For gateway you can enter either an internet address or a host name from the TCP HOSTS file For destination you can enter either an internet address or a network name from the TCP NETWRK file With the delete command if you leave out the gateway specification or enter for it it deletes all routes to the given destination AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 7 With the print command if you leave out both the destination and the gateway ROUTE displays the en tire routing table If you enter only a destination all routes to that destination are displayed Here is a sample route display Network address Gateway address Redirect Life 73 0 0 0 82 0 0 1 79 0 0 0 83 0 0 3 83 0 0 6 5 mins S930700 Fae 00L The second entry indicates p
169. n other systems access to yours Be sure to follow proper security precautions in writing TCP application programs SIMPLE NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL SERVER SNTPD The SNTPD server lets you synchronize the clock on your computer to the clock on an Internet time server you choose It also creates the TCP TIMZON file and adjusts it for daylight saving time as needed Requirements You must create the file TCP SNTPD This file contains the name of the time server you want to use and other information controlling SNTPD The SNTPD NEW file included with the software looks like this NOTE A current list of public timeservers can be found at http www eecis udel edu ntp The hostname or address of the server we sync to timeserver fill in The name of the standard timezone followed by summer timezone if used zone PST PDT DST determines when and how the summer timezone is calculated format starts ends as which weekday inmonth at24hour dst 1SunApr2 LSunOct2 Offset in hours from Coordinated Universal Time H MM if minutes needed utc 8 Make these changes to this file 1 Remove the from the beginning of the timeserver line and replace fill in with the name of the server you will synchronize to You can pick a server from the list at the address shown in the file If BOOTPC is configured to setup the timeserver address you may remove this line from the file BOOTPC will add the line to the file itself The r
170. nd is used for mail delivery Programs may get the host s Internet addresses from a name server or HOSTS file This file is analogous to the UNIX uname command Earlier releases of AlphaTCP simply used MYNAME to obtain the host name for display in v various servers Now however this file also specifies the fully qualified domain name for Domain Name Service and MAIL support Therefore you must be sure this file contains your fully qualified domain name as your computer is known to the DNS Edit the file MYNAME and change the first line to your fully qualified domain name Then save the file and exit the text editor For example assume your company has the domain widgit com and your host is called sales Your fully qualified domain name to be listed on the first line in the MYNAME file must be sales widgit com AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 13 Networks File NETWRK AlphaTCP reads the networks file to determine the internet address of this computer for each network it is connected to as well as other networks which may be routed to This file is modified in the sections If You Are Using Ethernet and If You Are Using SLIP Services Definition File SERVIC The SERVIC file contains definitions of well known port numbers associated with different servers such as TELNET You probably won t need to modify this file unless you define your own server
171. ng on the system This section describes the interface provided by BBSERV The BBS interface programs are executed within the memory of the BBSERV job The BBSERV job should have 60K MORE memory than the interface programs may require for themselves TOPICS FILE Topics within the BBS must be listed in a topics file The topics file must be referenced by the ersatz name BBSTOP The topics are listed one topic per line Topic names must not contain any spaces If you want to use multiple words for topics you must connect the words with some character such as a or You may optionally place a line at the end of the topics file consisting of the statement END TOPIC RETRIEVAL When BBSERV recognizes requests for BBS topics in a mail message it invokes the command BBSGET to retrieve the information The BBSGET function must be provided by the BBS Two filenames are passed on the BBSGET command line The first is an input file and the second is an output file The input file should be read for the starting date and the requested topics The first line is the desired starting date in MM DD YY format The rest of the file contains the topics of interest one per line The output file should contain any requested BBS postings in readable form This file will be mailed back to the person requesting the information If no postings are available you may leave this file alone and BBSERV will return an appropriate message T
172. ng the NETSER job initialization add the following lines WAIT NETSER SETJOB NETLOG NETLOG 40K SETJOB TCPEMU TCPEMU tcpmemK TCP GOTCP CMD Note Only add theWAIT statement if AlphaNET is installed L Reboot the computer using TCPIP INI and verify TCPEMU is running in a software interrupt state RN SI using STAT E Use PING to access another system on the network LJ if the network seems to be responding set up additional servers by referencing the individual worksheets Initial AlphaTCP Setup Page 6 of 6 Setting Up AlphaTCP Postoffice Server ALLOWED MAIL USERS Login Name lognam Login Password logpsw User Name usrnamy Login names and passwords are case sensitive cannot contain spaces and should be unique to the postoffice If they are the same as the Login for FTP gaining one will get the other Remember once connected to the net there is world wide access to this system The user name may contain spaces and must match the name used by the user when directly accessing the local mail package TCP SETUP Local mail package driver and options maildvr POP3D file account TCPPOP dev ppn g Use debug mode dbgmod Strip host name from domain name strip Maximum connections maxcon Default time out limit timout Refer to your mail package for the correct mail driver and any option switches that may apply Setting this option to yes is useful if your site is running POP3 s
173. ng up the TCPEMU job and memory requirements Servers may be brought up after TCPEMU is running without rebooting If you want to start a server which was not in CONFIG simply type the start line at the AMOS prompt as you would have entered it into CONFIG but replace the word start with starta See Chapter 6 NETWORK LOGGER NETLOG As most of the AlphaTCP package operates in the background or under spawned jobs there is rarely a terminal attached where network problems may be displayed For this reason the NETLOG program in tercepts these messages and logs them to disk You can then examine the log file when you suspect a network problem Alternatively NETLOG can send the messages to a terminal attached to the NETLOG job Requirements The NETLOG program must run on a job called NETLOG and must be started before the rest of the Al phaTCP package You do not need to attach it to a real terminal though you may want to do so for the reasons discussed below Starting up NETLOG is usually done in the GOTCP CMD file discussed in Chapter 3 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 2 Chapter Five Operation Messages normally output to the screen are redirected by AlphaTCP as AlphaNET messages to the NETLOG job NETLOG prepends the job name and time and then sends the message to the disk This command starts NETLOG NETLOG file If you don t specify a file NETLOG sends the message to its own terminal If this is what
174. ntains all accounts the web server will reference The web server cannot use account numbers directly The TIMZON file must be properly created in the TCP account The MIME TYP file must be properly created in the LIB account This file is available as the example file MIME NEW in the release The format of this file is documented in Appendix C The HTTPD HTM primary document must be present in the TCP account AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 25 content of this file is unimportant If a request is made for a file and the PPN does not contain this filename the request will be refused Note this does NOT include the primary document TCP HTTPD HTM You should NOT place a PUBLIC PPN file in the TCP directory as it would allow retrieval of your FTP password file With AlphaTCP 1 5 you may now open entire devices for public access by listing them in HTTPD DEV This eliminates the need to have PUBLIC PPN in any accounts on that device uv Any accounts referenced by documents must contain the file PUBLIC PPN to be accessible The Operation When a web browser contacts the web server it forks a copy of itself to handle the session The browser then passes a request for a file possibly an HTML document or a referenced image which the server re turns to it The connection is then closed A browser will often establish a connection to read an HTML document then open one or more connec
175. o decrease the distribution for sizes with very little usage Actual usage of the various mblk sizes depend greatly on the network paths in use Ethernet SLIP or a routed connection It also depends on the applications run telnet ftp It is best to examine the distribu tion after the system has been active for awhile AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 9 Advanced Web Server Usage This chapter reviews how web documents are indexed then continues with information on supporting image maps Web page hit counters fill out forms virtual domains and cookies with the AlphaTCP World Wide Web server HOW WEB DOCUMENTS ARE INDEXED Web documents are indexed using a Uniform Resource Locator URL The URL defines exactly where the document may be located and how it should be retrieved A URL looks like a UNIX path as in the following example http www widgit com sales new product info html It is important to understand how each section of the URL is handled by a web browser in order to create proper URLs for the AlphaTCP web server The URL is broken down as follows http is the transport method and stands for HyperText Transport Protocol This is how the document is to be retrieved This is the most common method though others such as ftp and telnet may be seen on occasion specifies that the next field is the host name of the system which has the document In this case the host name is www widgit com
176. o domain name with DNS transparently the SS lookup gets the domain name appended In order to make a future move to a DNS server simple you should make the HOSTS file behave the same way To do this place the full name first host name with domain name Next place just the host name as the first alias as in the above exam ples such as math101 uc edu math101 This allows HOSTS file lookups to work with full names host name with domain name as well as host names only just like DNS The primary domain names in use in the United States are shown below Usually you will associate your organization under the most appropriate one International domain names have different conventions and usually end in a two letter country abbreviation Domain Name Description COM Company or corporation EDU Educational organization GOV Government office MIL Military NET Internet provider or administration ORG Organization catch all ft Once you enter all hosts you may save the file and exit the text editor AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 12 Chapter Three DNS Resolver File RESOLV If you are configuring via BOOTP or DHCP you may skip this step The file will be created automati cally for you The resolver file tells AlphaTCP you are using the Domain Name Service and which computers to con tact Domain Name Service replaces the local HOSTS file or adds to it with access to a distributed name database This databa
177. o resolve local address There is no entry in the TCP ITCD file for any of the local host s IP addresses ITCD looks there to determine the AlphaNET CPU ID and therefore the Network Group and Node num bers it should assign itself lpd bad f option valid options fD qN fY You specified a formfeed option on the start line in CONFIG but there is a syntax error with it lpd cannot log to TCPLPD The LPD server was unable to log to the TCPLPD ersatz Either the ersatz name or the account does not exist lpd c connection lost reading control data file The spawned LPD server was receiving a control or data file but the remote shut down the con nection lpd c device full while reading control data file The spawned LPD server was receiving a control or data file and the device where TCPLPD re sides became full lpd c failed to read request line The spawned LPD server was reading a request but the remote shut down the connection lpd c failed to spool to printer XXXXXX The file was sent to the spooler but it was rejected The spooler requested by the remote may not exist lpd c filtering cannot open data file LPD was attempting to filter the temp file for a print request submitted with format f but the file is no longer there lpd c filtering cannot open temp output file There is a directory or disk problem on the device where TCPLPD resides lpd c invalid command 0xXX The spawned
178. o test the data connection every two minutes when no other data is present The value on this line tells AlphaTCP how long before a non responding connection is terminated The minimum value is four minutes The value should be large enough to handle transient network and router failures especially where background servers are involved Setting this value too low will result in connections being dropped due to temporary problems such as a modem redialing a router rebooting or a network cable being moved It would be very annoying to have a long file transfer or mail delivery aborted simply because the keepalive time out is too short to handle a temporary network failure If You Have Gateways If you are configuring with DHCP or BOOTP you may skip this section as the default gateway will automatically be configured You will need to perform ROUTE commands to define the gateways to the other networks If there is a single gateway which handles all unknown addresses this is specified on the ROUTE command with the s smart gateway switch The easiest way to perform a default ROUTE command is to add it to the TCP CONHIG file like a server For example adding the following line to TCP CONFIG start route 200k s add 192 168 1 55 causes AlphaTCP to spawn a job executing the ROUTE command After AlphaTCP is up the ROUTE command will define 192 168 1 55 as the address to pass all unknown addresses to It will then exit having done its job and c
179. o the LOGin portions both NETLOG and TCPEMU LOGins of the command file L Rename SYS TCPIP NEW to SYS TCPIP ERZ If you are using an account other than DSKO 7 50 for TCP modify TCPIP ERZ to reflect the change Change the ersatz to TCP dev ppn for the TCP master account E Log to SYS Create and edit a test system initialization file Use TCPIP INI for simplicity LJ Increase the job count on the JOBS line by 10 for initial testing Calculate the actual number of additional J y g jobs by using the attached worksheet and determining tcpjob J Add the following after the last JOBALC line JOBALC NETLOG TCPEMU J Add the following after the last TRMDEF line TRMDEF NETLOG PSEUDO NULL 100 100 100 TRMDEF TCPEMU PSEUDO NULL 100 100 100 J For SLIP connections add a TRMDEF statement for each SLIP port Use the following syntax for each of the defined ports TRMDEF trmnam x idv x port x baud x NULL 100 100 100 J Add the following after the last ERSATZ line ERSATZ TCPIP ERZ I If the TCP account is not located on DSKO add the MOUNT statement for the TCP device prior to the first SYSTEM command LJ Add the following before the last SYSTEM command SYSTEM TCP IPCINI N 100 100K SYSTEM RTLLIT J Immediately following the last SYSTEM command add the following line SMEM smemK Note If SMEM already exists simply increase the available memory by smem Initial AlphaTCP Setup Page 5 of 6 J Followi
180. of memory required depends on what AlphaTCP features you use There is a detailed discussion of memory requirements in the next chapter AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 2 2 Chapter Two sl Processes such as TELNED and FTPD are called daemons under UNIX Under AMOS they are gt gt known as servers and they are referred to as such throughout this manual See Chapter 5 for more information on these servers Any computers you wish to TELNET into should have definitions for the type of terminal you are using on AMOS Getting Your Own Internet Network Number With the explosive growth of the Internet over the past few years the method of assigning network num bers has changed Internet service providers are now assigned blocks of addresses by the Internet Net work Information Center InterNIC or NIC for short When you sign up with a provider they will as sign you a group of addresses from their pool Unless your provider turns those addresses over to you you will have to change the addresses on all your systems when you change providers Choose your pro vider very carefully If you have a large network you may have quite a bit of work to do if you change If you won t be connecting to the Internet you may use one of the following network numbers TiO yey ENA Class A Network 172 16 Class B Network 192 168 1 Class C Network The above addresses are a subnet free set of the ones referenced by Request
181. ogging You may also try limiting the address or port being monitored if you have not already done so The area below the dashed line is reserved for scrolling packet information The above example contains the three primary packet types you might see TCP UDP and ICMP All packets displayed contain timing information the direction of the packet Sent or Revd the source and destination IP address with an arrow pointing source to destination the packet time to live tt1 the packet length Len and the packet id id The packet id will be followed by punctuation in the case of fragments A indicates a starting or intermediate fragment while a indicates the final fragment The first packet displayed or logged starts the elapsed time counter The offset timing is the value from one packet to the next Granularity of the timer is rather coarse and cannot be used to determine precise packet timing as one would do with a true network analyzer The first example is an ICMP message being sent out ICMP information includes the ICMP message type The example shows a packet from the PING program The second example is a UDP message being received UDP information includes the port numbers with an arrow pointing source to destination If the port number is one of the common well known port num bers the name will be displayed otherwise the number itself is shown Also displayed is the UDP packet length The example shows a response to
182. ogram IMGMAP LIT should be loaded into system memory This program handles the coordinate conversions The application name and the actual command executed do not have to match as can be seen above If the program is not loaded into system memory the memory line must be doubled and the program will need to be loaded from disk every time it s needed SUPPORTING HIT COUNTERS Hit counters let you monitor the number of times a web page has been accessed and optionally display the count on a page AlphaTCP includes a very simple hit counter which returns a basic monochrome XBM image The count can increment to a maximum of 999999 after which it wraps back to 1 To add a counter to a page use this image tag format lt IMG SRC ticker ersatz page options gt ersatz is the ersatz name for the directory where the web page is located page is the name of the web page being counted it must contain a HTM extension options is a list of display options You must supply at least one option and may list several together The available options are No increment display only Print count on the page Quietly increment no display Reverse the image colors Print small digits Display leading zeros NwADOVZA For example lt IMG SRC ticker WEB WPAGE2 HTM PRZ gt This counts the hits to the Web page file WPAGE2 HTM in the account with the ersatz name WEB and displays the results with reversed image colors and leading
183. omizing The following command line options are available on the start line for LPR in TCP CONFIG start bor 65k sdh t ap t t u tx d Enables debug mode This causes transient failure messages to be sent to the network error log SE Passes forms information to the remote This is non standard and only useful when the remote is the AlphaTCP LPD Server You must also be running the latest spoolers con figured with the REMOTEFORMS option enabled P Limits source port numbers to the range 721 731 for hosts which require it Avoid us ing this option as it impacts the ability to print documents rapidly in sequence E Disables timeout on print requests Normally a print file will be abandoned if a con nection to the print server cannot be established within one hour Using this switch causes the print file to be attempted forever u Allows customization of the user name passed in the printer control file This may be required for some hosts By default the user name passed is AlphaTCP X Exchanges the order of the control and data file transfer the control file is created by lpr the data file is the file being printed By default the control file is sent to the print server first Using the x switch causes lpr to send the data file first which may be re quired by some print servers In the spooler configuration file you need to define the TLP device and a unique name of up to six char acters Fo
184. ommand in interactive mode below Each option must be preceded by a hyphen For example to change the default query type to host information and the initial time out to 10 seconds enter the command NSLOOK query hinfo timeout 10 hostname Interactive Mode You can enter interactive mode by using the following format NSLOOK server Server is the name server you want to query If you don t include a server name the default name server for your domain is used In interactive mode you can enter either host names to look up or commands Any entry which isn t a valid NSLOOK command is interpreted as a host name If you want to query a host name which is the same as an NSLOOK command precede it with a backslash To leave interactive mode type exit You can interrupt a command at any time by pressing CTRL C Interactive Mode Commands NSLOOK interprets the following words as commands Any other word is interpreted as a host name to look up If the word is an internet address and the query type is A or PTR the name of the host is re turned If the word is a name and does not have a trailing period the default domain name is appended to the name This behavior depends on the state of the set options domain srchlist defname and search To look up a host not in the current domain append a period to the name Words recognized as com mands are set option value The set command lets you change the operation of lookups It ha
185. ommands These commands let you set up and display network routing tables check network status and more Chapter 7 covers using SLIP Serial Line Interface Protocol to make serial line modem con nections Chapter 8 discusses fine tuning your configuration for optimum performance Chapter 9 describes handling fill out forms image maps virtual domains and cookies when us ing the web server Appendix A lists the files included with AlphaTCP Appendix B contains a set of worksheets you will find helpful when installing and configuring AlphaTCP You can photocopy these worksheets for use whenever you need to set up a server Appendix C discusses the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions MIME types file Appendix D describes the BBSERV interface allowing you to develop an electronic mail inter face to a BBS or database running on the system For directions on the everyday use of AlphaTCP see the AlphaTCP User s Guide which describes how you can transfer files and set up virtual terminal connections between computers using AlphaTCP That manual also lists the AlphaTCP error messages and includes some background material about network ing TCP IP AMOS and UNIX GRAPHICS CONVENTIONS This manual conforms to other Alpha Micro publications in its use of a standard set of graphics conven tions We hope these conventions simplify our examples and make them easier for you to use AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page
186. on If mustfirewall is specified in the TCP CONEFIG file the stack will not accept incoming packets except BOOTP DHCP responses while IPFW is disabled Customizing IPFW acts only on incoming packets Incoming packets are checked against a set of rules in the TCP IPFW file The first matching rule determines if the packet will be accepted or discarded If no rules match the packet the packet will be discarded Rules are specified one rule per line in one of the following two formats ALLOW DENY ICMP type ALLOW DENY IP UDP TCP OPENTCP from to ALLOW will keep the packet while DENY will discard it IP UDP TCP and ICMP are all protocol names while OPENTCP refers to a specific packet used by the TCP protocol to open a new connection For ICMP filters type is the value of the ICMP message The most likely ICMP message type you will want to filter is 5 redirect You may also want to filter out type 8 echo request The from and to addresses may consist of dotted decimal ip and mask as well as a port or port range It may also be one of several keywords as explained further below The format to specify an address is ip mask port endport The ip and optional mask are dotted decimal values The mask defaults to 255 255 255 255 which means compare all bits in the address The port and endport are optional TCP or UDP port numbers Using endport allows you to specify a range of port numbers Instead of specifying add
187. on flags By default connections are treated as network connections This prevents files on traditional directories from being deleted or overwritten This switch causes connections to be treated as logins to the host thus allowing traditional files to be deleted or overwritten Changes the PWD command to return ERSATZ names whenever possible By de fault the PWD command always returns device and PPN even if an ersatz exists Sets the port number for this FTP server to port This lets you start multiple in stances of FTPD on the same computer each listening for connections on a differ ent port Remember each server you start adds to AlphaTCP s overall memory require ments Prevents the reverse lookup of hostnames With this switch only the IP address of connecting clients will be logged Sets the number of seconds FTP will wait for a command before disconnecting the session By default no time out is active Enable tree view Also requires n and an ersatz TCPFTP where temp files may be written Allow read write of OPR USER SYS and TCP FTPUSR security risk Once you ve entered all valid FTP users save the file and exit the text editor Security FTP login names are handled separately from other logins Where TELNET by default uses LOGON and USER SYS FTP keeps the login names and passwords in the file TCP FTPUSR Along with name password and account information there is a user privilege level This determines
188. ore are retrieved from the USER SYS file All users in USER SYS should have passwords Leaving a user name without a password makes it easy for anyone to log in and do anything they wish including for example changing their FTP privilege level or formatting a disk Passwords should not be easily guessable and should preferably contain letters and numbers to make it difficult for a program accessing a dictionary to guess a password Upper and lower case letters are con sidered identical in USER SYS As this is a virtual terminal connection setting a device to no access has no effect on the logged in TELNET user There is no way to prevent access to the TCP FTPUSR file via a TELNET login other than possibly password protection on the TCP account and or LOKSER read protection or some other AMOS security package There is a window of vulnerability when an automatically started application exits to the AMOS com mand prompt There are two ways to prevent this The application may log itself off by clearing JOBUSR and exit once it receives an exit request SI EXI software interrupt or a SIGTERM signal There is also a wrapper program supplied TNWRAP which runs your program in a shell protected by the above method Simply place the TNWRAP command ahead of your normal command line See Ap pendix E for more information on properly shutting down an application when a connection is closed FTP SERVER FTPD The FTP server FTPD provides a T
189. ot found By default this is the user Internet smtpd electronic mail driver not installed There is no LODEMD in the system initialization file to load the mail driver or it failed to in stall smtpd postmaster mailbox xxx invalid The postmaster mailbox name was not found By default this is the user Postmaster smtpd user list unsupported by email driver disabled The user list mailbox option was enabled but the mail driver does not support it sntpd remote host unsynchronized The server was contacted but is temporarily unsure about its accuracy SNTPD will try later sntpd trouble resolving timeserver nam XXX The server s IP address could not be determined Either there is a problem with the name or the name server was temporarily unreachable Check the name SNTPD will try again later Start up procedure failed There is a problem with one of the start lines in the CONFIG file stream xx error 531 Connection reset by peer The remote process closed the TCP connection but didn t use the standard handshaking Either the connection was hung or the remote simply chose this method Web browsers typically will do this in the normal course of operation to avoid creating TIME WAIT sessions on the server Some times this message is followed by messages from the server indicating a socket read error System size exceeds package license The AMOS monitor indicates it is licensed for a larger number of u
190. ould be in SI software interrupt state and all servers requested should be spawned and also in SI state this can take several seconds If this is not the case you may not have given the TCPEMU job enough memory or not provided enough shared memory to start the servers you requested TROUBLESHOOTING STARTUP PROBLEMS If the AlphaTCP package or one server does not start up you can enter VUENL This executes CMD VUENL DO which executes LOGCTL to get a copy of NETLOG LST and then VUEs it It will show TCPEMU initialization statistics and error and other messages from all of the servers and TCPEMU If you have specified bootp or dhcp configuration of the Ethernet and the servers stay in S1 state it is likely that the bootp server isn t configured to recognize the Ethernet s MAC address the dhcp server isn t available or the BOOTPC client was not started in the TCP CONFIG file See Appendix B for error messages displayed in the NETLOG LST file TESTING THE INSTALLATION In addition to using STAT to make sure the servers are in the proper state you can test the AlphaTCP stack by connecting to your own computer through TCP To test use the telnet command with localhost as the host name For example telnet localhost establishes a TELNET connection to the local computer and makes sure the TELNED server and TCP stack are up and running properly AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 4 6
191. ount Changes the default server limit to count The default is twenty which means a maximum of twenty connections will be accepted If more connections are attempted they will be refused tminutes Changes the default time out limit to minutes The default is four minutes AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 20 Chapter Five This time out is used to determine how long to wait for a command request Runtime Control The primary POP3D job will respond to a usr2 signal sent using UKILL The usr2 signal toggles the debug mode on or off the same mode which may be enabled using the d switch on the POP3D com mand line This can be useful if you are having problems with a session and only want to log activity for the duration of the session For information on UKILL and sending signals see Chapter 6 Security The primary security concerns with POP3D are privacy and passwords As all data is sent in plain text it is possible for a host along the connection path to trap and read the mail or login sequence The privacy concern is no different than over the SMTP delivery path which delivered the mail in the first place If you use logins and passwords in the TCP POPUSR file which have nothing to do with the real login or the FTP login trapping of POP3D logins should be of little use for breaking into a computer The primary security concern with POPPWD is the ability of users to change their own password to somet
192. phaTCP downloading the software e Determining if your computer meets AlphaTCP s prerequisites e Downloading the software e Verifying the software downloaded correctly e Entering the Product Installation Code PIC INSTALLATION OVERVIEW The AlphaTCP installation consists of three basic steps 1 Downloading the software e Determining if your computer meets AlphaTCP s prerequisites e Downloading the software e Verifying the software downloaded correctly e Entering the Product Installation Code PIC 2 Modifying the AlphaTCP configuration files e Determining the memory requirements of the servers you are going to use e Modifying the AlphaTCP configuration files 3 Modifying the AMOS system initialization file e Modifying your system initialization command file e Testing your network setup e Fine tuning AlphaTCP performance by loading files into system memory All three of these steps must be completed before AlphaTCP is up and running Additional customization procedures for specific servers are found in Chapter 5 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes PREREQUISITES Before you install AlphaTCP make sure your computer has all of the software and hardware it needs to use this product See the Release Notes for your version of AlphaTCP for a complete list of these re quirements AlphaTCP requires a minimum of about 1MB of memory We suggest you have 2MB or more if you use the TELNED and FTPD servers The exact amount
193. r example where you normally find DEVICE TRM SPOOL place the line DEVICE TLP SPOOL The name SPOOL can be anything as long as no other spooler using TLP also uses the name SPOOL If you enabled the f LPR option also add the line REMOTEFORMS TRUE to the spooler configuration file In the file TCP LPR you need to list the above name along with the host name and printer queue name to access Each printer must be placed on a separate line The format of the line is as follows NAME hostname queuename where NAME matches the name after TLP in the spooler Note that NAME must be all uppercase For example SPOOL sales widgit com orders AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 22 Chapter Five There is one other argument on the printer definition line It is optional and likely only to be needed for IBM mainframe computers It allows you to specify the class name passed in the control file Simply append a comma and the exact class name string you wish to use to the end of the printer definition line If the print server is listening on a port other than the default of 515 the port number may be overridden by following the host name with a colon and the port number This is very rare If the device is not using port 515 it s likely not using the LPR protocol If the print server in the previous example was listening on port 3000 the following line would be used SPOOL sales widgit com 3
194. r for a second user request If the same port num ber is selected for a second try at the same file within 20 seconds the remote will hang until it times out or a retry attempt arrives after the 20 second window has expired Security The spawned TFTP servers log themselves into DSKO 1 2 and perform no user login or authentication This means a computer running the TFTP server has NO security for its files beyond setting a device to noaccess Remote users may copy files from and to anywhere This includes a remote AlphaNET computer You should only execute the TFTP server on a node attached to a secure network This means a network where everyone is trusted and no other networks where there may be unknown users are connected You may want to set noaccess on devices where sensitive files are stored A failure due to noaccess dis plays as device does not exist File protection flags are checked TCP IP is treated as group 5 Files created by TFTP have a file protec tion value of 0505051717 See the AMOS Monitor Calls Manual for more information TFTP cannot copy the USER SYS file or the TCP FTPUSR file This provides some security for TELNET and FTP user names However if there are copies of these files with different names such as backup files TFTP will happily transfer those and give away the whole show Also these files are acces sible through a TELNET login see the section on the TELNET server RWHO SERVER RWHOD The RW
195. ransferring print request for a printer KLPR is only use ful for print servers which print as the file is being transferred to them For hosts which accept the whole file then print you need to terminate the printing on the destination host instead KLPR must be run from the OPR account and has the following format KLPR printer printer is the name to the left of the equal sign in the TCP LPR file IPCFG IPCFG allows you to see the address network mask and optional DHCP lease period assigned to TCP interfaces This is most useful when an interface has been configured with BOOTP or DHCP When you enter IPCFG something like this will be displayed Mux Type Life IP Address Net Mask 1 perm T9222 68 3 255 200 3255 0 2 perm 127202001 25 0 0 700 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 19 The mux value is an internal reference inside TCPEMU which indirectly relates to the hardware interface there is currently no method for relating it to a device name Type may be permanent bootp or dhcp The life column only pertains to interfaces configured with dhcp AMPM The Alpha Micro Package Manager AMPM lets you easily keep a product up to date or allow your customers to keep your product up to date AMPM does this by contacting a companies web server on the Internet and retrieving a package directory It then resolves differences and updates files from the package repository which have changed Yo
196. re The local host name file contains the fully qualified domain name for comput ers using DNS If you are upgrading from AlphaTCP 1 1 to later versions note that this file is now very important The networks file contains the internet address of this computer and any sub network definitions A NETWRK NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP con taining sample entries You can edit NETWRK NEW to reflect your own con figuration and then rename it to NETWRK during the AlphaTCP installation The Post Office server file contains connection information for each user who will be using the post office See If You Are Using POP3 Mail later in this chapter for information on this file The RESOLYV file contains the list of name servers used when you are using Domain Name Service A RESOLV NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP You may rename it to RESOLV during AlphaTCP installation and edit it for your configuration AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files File SERVIC TCPEMU MBD TDDD TIMZON SMTPD LOC SMTPD ALI SMTPD FOR SMTPD FWD SNTPD TCPIP ERZ GOTCP CMD Page 3 5 Function The SERVIC file contains a definition of the well known port numbers associ ated with servers A SERVIC NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP and you must rename it to SERVIC during AlphaTCP installation With each new Al phaTCP release this file is updated with new services This file alte
197. re is in stalled and operational you can examine the data from the network logger NETLOG This data in cludes information about the memory layout AlphaTCP has created as well as errors which may indicate poor performance due to insufficient memory See Chapter 5 for further information on servers and Chapter 8 for performance tuning AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 2 Chapter Three The Shared Memory Area connection is made to your computer from the AMOS shared memory area SMEM Also all memory required by incoming virtual terminal TELNET sessions comes from SMEM Place SMEM immediately following the last SYSTEM statement in your system initialization command file AlphaTCP allocates memory for all its servers and for the child processes created when a remote w The AlphaTCP servers which use SMEM fall into two classes those which use a fixed area for a single copy of themselves and those which may need to fork one or more child processes When specifying JOB memory sizes such as in TCP CONFIG use 6KB less than listed here ftpd 56KB lpr 41KB smtpd 131KB tftpd 41KB pop3d 66KB poppwd 76KB Ipd 41KB httpd 106KB rwhod 81KB slipd 91KB for each SLIP interface telned 106KB itcd 106KB tamed 206KB sntpd 91KB bootpd 86KB bootpc 86KB tddd 66KB ipfw 86KB These values assume the programs with asterisks are loaded in system memory and don t include the ac tive forked children For ea
198. rea to store directory files for all of your packages Although both will usually reside on the same system it is not necessary to keep them on the same system The LIB AMPM TXT file on your customer s system also needs a line added which identifies where your company keeps its directory files AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 21 You will probably want to store your package on a unique device or in a folder accessed with a device name Files should reside in their normal ppns as if it were loaded from a release tape To eliminate the need to add a public ppn file in every account place the device in TCP HTTPD DEV Each device should be placed on a line by itself Note that you must change the host configuration file to add the HTTPD server to allow remote access toyour package repository Also TAMED must be running on both the host and remote system The second area to setup will be the package directory area This will be an account with an ersatz name pkgdir for example which contains directory files for all of your packages These directory files are simply standard VERIFY files DIR D H V with a header line added Individual files in the directory may have directives added which are described later The package directory needs a public ppn file pres ent to make it accessible The LIB AMPM TXT file on your customers system should reference this package directory something like this WidgetCo http
199. remember this is for outgoing client mail only and is independent of the POP3 username and password used to receive mail Non authenticated users can still connect to and use the mail server but mail for warding is restricted to the rules contained in the SMTPD FWD file Contact Alpha Micro Technical Support for Username Password information Client email programs which support outgoing mail authentication have various methods of implementa tions Some implementations may be incompatible with AlphaTCP Please consult the instructions for your mail client for configuration information Here is a Microsoft Outlook Express version 5 5 exam ple From the tools menu select Accounts Then select the Mail tab Next select the desired email account and click on Properties Select the Servers tab then check the box under Outgoing mail server that says My server requires authentication Next click on Set tings then select Logn using and enter the account name and password AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 15 Defining Aliases for Users with Mail Addresses on Other Hosts SMTPD ALI maps user name aliases with actual mail addresses on other hosts This allows a consistent name and address format to be used outside a company while allowing differing names and hosts inside For example assume you have two users on different computers in the company John Doe s real mail address is johnd sales wid
200. repeating the above process with different printer and device names If anyone prints to a dynamic IP printer but the printer is not currently assigned LPR queues the print request until someone uses MYLPR to assign the printer If someone changes the printer assignment by using MYLPR while a file is printing the current file finishes printing on the currently assigned printer any other files in the queue and new print requests go to the newly assigned printer Printer Information You can retrieve various printer information by opening the TLP device for input and reading You can also use the TYPE command with the TLP device name in place of a file name For example to print the status of a TLP device named SPOOL as in the previous section to the screen enter TYPE TLPO SPOOL AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 23 This displays five pieces of information Host The name or IP address of the remote printer as listed in the LPR file Queue The name of the print queue as listed in the LPR file Active The number of seconds a server has been spawned working on one or more files Files The number of files currently being processed by the spawned server above Queued The number of files waiting to be processed These will start processing once the current spawned server finishes Security The only security concern for the line printer client is related to dynamic IP printers B
201. resses and port numbers you may use any of the following keywords any Match any address me Match any address assigned to a local interface local Match any address on the local network remote Match any address not on the local network The following is an example rule file Rules involving ICMP have a different format action icmp type type if the icmp type value i e for ICMP redirect use 5 allow loopback packets disallow spoofed packets allow DNS responses disallow ICMP redirects allow all other ICMP disallow non local access allow all other TCP activity allow ip me me deny ip me any allow udp any 53 me 1024 65535 deny icmp 5 allow icmp deny opentcp remote any allow tcp any any See AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 44 Chapter Five Runtime Control After modifying the rules file you may tell IPFW to reload its rules by sending it a usr1 signal with UKILL You may also toggle debug mode on and off with a usr signal See Chapter 6 for more in formation on UKILL and sending signals Security Attempts to break into a system can be very clever and setting up a packet filter to allow certain access while preventing unwanted access is difficult Someone very familiar with TCP protocols and security issues should set up the filter rules then they should be tested very carefully AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Chapter 6 Administrative Commands This chapter desc
202. ribes in detail the available AlphaTCP administrative commands These commands can be divided into two categories error reporting commands and network status and control commands The network error reporting commands are related to the network error logging job NETLOG LOGCTL lets you open or close the log file or log user messages LOGFMT processes the error log file and creates separate files containing the errors from each job The network status and control commands are NETSTA displays the network status what connections are active and which protocol they are using ROUTE displays and controls internet routing ARP displays and controls Ethernet routing PS displays the status of jobs under the control of AlphaTCP UKILL sends signals to jobs under the control of AlphaTCP for cleanup purposes STARTD allows you to start a server under the control of AlphaTCP or restart one you per formed a UKILL on NSLOOK allows you to query a name server for information TCPMON displays packets moving through TCP IP CVTNID converts between AlphaNET CPU IDs and network group and node values FNU2A converts UNIX style file names to AMOS file names FTPLOG reads and sorts FTP activity from the error log and stores it in FTPLOG LOG TNWRAP prevents a TELNED started application from reaching the command prompt WHOIS looks up Network Information Center records KLPR provides limited print termination capabilities for print servers I
203. rity E MAIL BASED FILE SERVER BBSERV Requirements Operation Customizing Security TFTP SERVER TFTPD Requirements AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page iii 5 13 5 13 5 13 5 17 5 17 5 17 5 18 5 18 5 18 5 19 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 20 5 21 5 21 5 22 5 23 5 23 5 23 5 23 5 24 5 24 5 24 5 24 5 25 5 26 5 26 5 26 5 27 5 28 5 28 5 28 5 28 5 28 5 29 5 29 5 29 5 30 5 30 5 31 5 31 5 32 5 32 5 32 5 33 5 33 5 33 5 34 Page iv Table of Contents Operation 5 34 Security 5 34 RWHO SERVER RWHOD 5 34 Requirements 5 35 Operation 5 35 Runtime Control 5 35 Security 5 35 TAME SERVER TAMED 5 35 Requirements 5 35 Operation 5 36 Customizing 5 36 Security 5 36 SIMPLE NETWORK TIME PROTOCOL SERVER SNTPD 5 36 Requirements 5 36 Operation 5 37 Customizing 5 37 Security 5 37 BOOTP SERVER BOOTPD 5 38 Requirements 5 38 Operation 5 38 Customizing 5 39 Security 5 39 BOOTPC 5 39 Requirements 5 39 Operation 5 39 Customizing 5 40 Security 5 40 TDDD 5 40 Requirements 5 40 Operation 5 40 Customizing 5 40 Runtime Control 5 41 Security 5 41 Device Sharing 5 42 IPFW 5 42 Requirements 5 42 Operation 5 43 Customizing 5 43 Runtime Control 5 44 Security 5 44 CHAPTER 6 ADMINISTRATIVE COMMANDS 6 1 LOGCTL 6 2 LOGFMT 6 3 NETSTA 6 3 NETSTA Output 6 4 ROUTE 6 6 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Table of Contents Page v ARP 6 7 PS 6 8 UKILL 6 8 STARTD 6 9 NSLOOK 6 10 Non Interactive Mode
204. rk Information Center INIC 6 18 IP protocol 1 6 IPCFG command 6 18 IPCINI command 8 1 IPFW firewall 5 42 ITC tunneling and SerialNet 5 30 ITC Tunneling Server 5 28 ITCD 3 20 5 29 security 5 31 ITCD file 3 4 J Job status checking 6 8 JOBALC statement 4 1 JOBS statement 4 1 K Keepalives disabling 5 6 setting time out 3 7 KLPR command 6 18 L LDV 4 4 Line printer 3 8 3 14 setting up 3 17 Line printer definition 3 4 Line printer server 3 8 5 20 Line Printer Server 5 23 Local host name file See MYNAME file localhost as host name 4 5 Log file for SLIP 7 3 LOGCTL 4 5 5 2 6 2 LOGFM T 6 3 LPD Security 5 24 spawning LPD server 3 8 LPD file 3 17 LPR security 5 23 spawning LPR server 3 8 LPR protocol 1 6 LPR file 3 4 3 14 3 17 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 M Mail 3 18 Mail server 5 13 Memory requirements 3 1 in CONFIG file 3 9 NETLOG 3 3 overall 2 1 RWHO 5 35 servers 3 2 shared memory area 3 2 TCPEMU 3 1 8 1 user memory 3 3 MIME Headers 9 8 MIME TYP file 3 4 mlblks 8 2 Modem cabling for SLIP 7 4 port name for SLIP 3 16 using AlphaTCP with 4 2 using with SLIP 7 1 MONTST 4 5 during installation 4 5 MYNAME file 3 4 N Name servers querying 6 10 NETFAM statement 4 3 NETLOG allocating job 4 1 closing a log file 6 2 creating individual error files 6 3
205. rnal Name Value Signal Function hup 1 graceful exit _term 1 int 2 AC interrupt quit 2 _kill 9 forced exit abrt 9 abort 9 pipe 13 connection lost alrm 14 alarm ticked alarm 14 cld 18 child exited chld 18 child 18 _usrl 30 user defined 1 user 1 30 _usr2 31 user defined 2 _user2 31 These signals are mentioned in the server descriptions in Chapter 5 STARTD The STARTD command starts or restarts a server controlled by TCPEMU You can use it to start a server you forgot to add to the CONFIG file without rebooting STARTD uses the same format as the start lines in the CONFIG file except the keyword start is re placed by the command STARTD In general that format is START server memory arg arg See chapters 1 and 2 for the proper memory and argument list for the server you are starting AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 10 Chapter Six NSLOOK The NSLOOK command queries name servers for information It operates in interactive and non interactive modes Interactive mode lets you query name servers for information about various hosts and domains or print a list of hosts in a domain Non interactive mode prints just the name and requested in formation for a host or domain Non Interactive Mode To perform a single non interactive query the format of the command line is NSLOOK option hostname server The options available are the same as those listed for the set c
206. roup identifier of a group name HINFO the host CPU and operating system type MB a mailbox domain name MG a mail group member MINFO the mailbox or mail list information MR a mail rename domain name MX the mail exchanger NS the name server for the named zone PTR the host name if the query is an Internet address other wise the pointer to other information SOA the domain s start of authority information TXT the text information UID user identifier UINFO the user information WKS the supported well known services ANY any matching records AXFR all the information held on a zone More information on the types can be found in RFC 1035 Default A abbreviations q ty Tell the name server to query other servers if it does not have the in formation Default recurse abbreviation no rec Set the number of retries to number When a reply to a request is not received within a certain amount of time changed with set timeout the time out period is doubled and the request is re sent The retry value controls how many times a request is re sent before giving up Default 4 abbreviation ret Change the name of the root server to host This affects the root command described below Default ns nic ddn mil abbre AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 13 viation ro timeout number Change the initial time out interval for waiting for a reply to num ber
207. rs the size distribution of the TCP IP message blocks and is op tional See Chapter 8 for more information This file is used by the TCP Device Driver Daemon to map incoming TCP ports to non filestructured devices such as TRM and names under the TDD device to remote TCP ports The TIMZON file tells AlphaTCP the name of your time zone along with the number of hours and minutes it is offset from universal time GMT or UTC See Time Zone File TIMZON later in this chapter for information on the entry format If you will be running the SNTPD time server you do not need to maintain this file as it will be created and adjusted for daylight saving time by SNTPD These are configuration files used by the SMTPD server See Chapter 5 for information on their contents The SNTPD file provides information needed by SNTPD to synchronize your system time and TIMZON file with another host See If You Want to Syn chronize Your System Time later in this chapter for more information The TCPIP ersatz file defines the location of the ersatz device TCP A TCPIP NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP containing a sample ersatz defini tion and may be renamed to TCPIP ERZ during AlphaTCP installation If you are not installing AlphaTCP in the default location of DSKO 7 50 edit TCPIP ERZ to reflect the correct location You may add additional entries when starting servers The GOTCP CMD file is run by TCPEMU This file must be edited to ref
208. s Guide Rev 12 Advanced Web Server Usage Page 9 7 Environment Variables In UNIX many parameters are passed in environment variables These are not a standard part of AMOS Instead the same information is written to a file If an application needs the information it looks it up in the file The filename may be passed to the application on the command line using the e meta character Application Input Input is usually passed to an application via the stdin stream and pipes on UNIX These are not available on AMOS Instead the application has two choices how it wants to retrieve its input By default input will be forced to the application as if a keyboard was attached As an alternative input may be written to a file which the application may read The filename may be passed to the application on the command line using the i meta character Application Output Output is usually returned from an application via the stdout stream and pipes on UNIX These are not available on AMOS Instead the application has two choices how it wants to return its output By de fault output to the screen will be trapped by the server and returned to the web browser As an alterna tive output may be written to a file and the screen information will be ignored The filename which must be used as the output file is passed to the application on the command line using the o meta character If your application traps output rather than writing to a file
209. s a job any pending command file or JOBCMD forced commands are normally discarded The j switch keeps them in force for the first termination attempt This may be useful if your application uses the JOBCMD field for cleanup but should generally be avoided Disables keepalives When keepalives are on the default TCP sends a query over an unused connection every two minutes If a certain time set in the TCP CONEFIG file goes by without a response it closes the connection This lets TCP recover the system resources used by a connection if the remote sys tem is rebooted or the connection is lost The only reason to disable keepalives is if you have a problem with users leaving dialup sessions open after they are done In this case disabling keepalives combined with the i switch lets TCP close a connection after a certain amount of inactivity Using k to disable kee palives is not recommended Remember that even if you disable keepalives the computer at the other end of the connection may still send them keeping the connection open Allows you to override the normal use of LOGON LIT instead using the com mand specified in place of login If the command is multiple words place the whole entry in quotes For example 1LOG SYS Disables special processing of FF and isolated CR characters thus behaving like pre AlphaTCP 1 4A TELNED This may be needed if you are using In Sight which cannot be made RFC 854 compliant The RFC comp
210. s and other computers SERVER SCRIPT PROCESSING Your modem should be set up so DTR Data Terminal Ready will hang up an active connection and DCD Data Carrier Detect will indicate a connection exists Of course these lines must also be properly connected to your computer see the section SLIP Cabling below The first action performed by the SLIP server before processing the script file is to toggle the DTR line and verify the DCD line indicates no connection exists With the processing of the first line in your script file the modem should be ready to accept commands The SLIP server then scans through the script file performing the requested operations While SLIP pro cesses the script file the line number is placed in the STAT program name area For example if you are looking at another screen running STAT you may see DIAL7 under the prog area This says the SLIP server is waiting for the seventh line in the script file to complete If one of the operations fails the mo dem is hung up and the failing line is reported to the network error logger Usually higher TCP IP proto cols will resend the data causing another attempt to connect Once the script file has been successfully processed the DCD line is checked for a connection Provided DCD says a connection still exists the SLIP server begins passing TCP IP data The program area in a STAT display will show that the connection is on and the number of minutes left until in
211. s many available options as listed below These are the same options you can enter on the command line in non interactive mode AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands class value no debug no d2 domain name srchlist namel name2 Page 6 11 Prints the current values of the frequently used options to set and in formation about the current default server and host Change the query class to one of IN the Internet class CHAOS the Chaos class HESIOD the MIT Athena Hesiod class ANY wildcard any of the above The class specifies the protocol group of the information Default IN abbreviation c1 Turn debugging mode on or off Much more information is printed about the packet sent to the server and the resulting answer when de bugging mode is on Default nodebug abbreviation no deb Turn exhaustive debugging mode on or off Essentially all fields of every packet are printed when on Default nod2 Change the default domain name to name The default domain name is appended to a lookup request depending on the state of the defname and search options The domain search list contains the parents of the default domain if it has at least two components in its name For ex ample if the default domain is CC Berkeley EDU the search list is CC Berkeley EDU and Berkeley EDU Use the set srchlist command to specify a different list Use the set all command to dis p
212. s on your screen command syntax host names and program examples In command syn tax variable parts of the command line are in italics as noted below This italic typeface indicates a variable part of a command line or program syntax Following a command line or program format sample the first reference to each parameter in the sample is in this bold italic text Succeeding references are not unless they would be unclear otherwise AMOS command names and file names are given in all capitals Most AMOS commands are not case sensitive However some AlphaTCP commands on AMOS such as TELNET must be entered in lower case UNIX commands directory paths and file names are given in bold text All UNIX commands and file names are case sensitive so they are given in the proper case normally lower case Since they are based on corresponding UNIX commands the commands you use while inside AlphaTCP such as the vari ous FTP commands are given in lower case bold The key symbol indicates a reference to a key on your keyboard The name of the key appears inside the key symbol This indicates a control sequence you press on the keyboard Press and hold it down while you press the indicated key AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Introduction Page 1 3 Symbol Meaning A When displayed before a capital letter this means the letter is a control char acter For example when you press CTRL C it appears on your scre
213. s to define the hub system rather than any of its SLIP IP addresses if possible The TCP ITCD file on the non hub systems should match the hub system except for one item The IP address for the hub system should match the SLIP IP address it will be using to communicate from This is because the hub system will identify itself with a different IP address on each interface and that IP address must be found in the TCP ITCD file for proper mapping You should also be able to remove any AlphaNET gateway definitions on the non hub systems since TCP handles all of the routing issues There is a special case where you might still need to set up gate ways This is described in the next section Accessing Non Tunneled AlphaNET You may have systems on your network which are unable to use tunneling They could use AMOS 1 X or simply lack the resources to run AlphaTCP If you are using serial links or LDVs this can pose a problem as you cannot simply define the non tunneled network on a NETINI statement To solve this use the gateway ability of AlphaNET This involves adding NETINI statements with FORWARDTOB declarations in the setup file This requires NETINI version 2 4 123 2 or later on the tunneled systems You must also pick a system which has direct access to both the tunneled and non tunneled AlphaNET networks This system will be used as the gateway As an illustration assume network 1 is non tunneled Ethernet and network 2 is a tunneled
214. s to the CONFIG and NETWRK files The following table shows the supported Ethernet interface combinations System Interface 1 Interface 2 AM 7000 PCILSI AM319S AM 6000 AM 176 AM319S Eagle 450 AM 138 PCINIC In CONFIG you may copy the LDV or NDV ifconfig ecO line You should then change ec0 to ec and change the LDV name or the NDV network number as needed In NETWRK copy the existing ethernet definition and add the number one to the end of all the names as below Change the IP address as needed to cause the second interface to have a unique network portion of the address Example ethernetl 192 168 2 250 etherl ethl netl The only application which allows connecting two Ethernet interfaces to the same segment in w volves running AlphaNET on one interface through an NDV and AlphaTCP on the other through an LDV This configuration has distinct performance advantages for AlphaTCP when AlphaNET must be supported since AlphaTCP will not need to go through the NDV It does not cause any conflicts as each Ethernet interface is running a different protocol For best perform AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 16 Chapter Three ance the interface in the leftmost column above should be used for AlphaNET and the rightmost column should be used for AlphaTCP If You Are Using SLIP The following sections contain information on what changes need to be made to the CONFIG and NETWRK files to
215. se is provided via servers often UNIX computers running BIND software all over the world You may use the RESOLV NEW file as a sample file Make your changes and rename it to RESOLV Delete the at the front of anameserver line to enable a name server Name servers are defined using the nameserver command The nameserver command specifies the internet address of a host supplying Domain Name Service Only one host per nameserver command may be used to a maximum of three nameserver commands Supporting multiple name servers provides redundancy should the primary server go down An example of a nameserver command is nameserver 192 168 2 1 If you want AlphaTCP to check your local HOSTS file before it checks the name server s re move the from the front of the t ryhost file line Your new host must be added to the DNS by the administrator of your domain If you are setting up a new domain yourself you may want to contact someone familiar with the procedure The complexity of DNS administration is beyond the scope of this document For further information you may want to ref erence the book DNS and BIND ISBN 1 56592 010 4 Local Host Name File MYNAME If you are configuring via BOOTP or DHCP you may skip this step The file will be created automatically for you The local host name file MYNAME resides in TCP and contains the full name of the host with its domain It is displayed for file transfers system uptime data a
216. se this information in quotation marks AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 20 Chapter Six AMPM locates the company you specify in the LIB AMPM TXT file The URL Universal Resource Locator associated with the company is then used to contact the site and request the directory file for the package you are updating Once the package directory is retrieved it is adjusted to match the device you specified and checked for differences Any differences are recorded and a command file is built to retrieve the updated files If the command file is too large for AMOS to process it will be split into multiple command files The com mand file is then executed Once the updates are retrieved the updated files are rechecked to verify they were transferred properly Upon a successful synchronization a line is then added to the OPR AMPM HST file noting the date package device and number of files updated This makes for a handy reference to identify the revisions of packages and when they were updated on the system There are a few directives which may be present in the package directory One of these directives will automatically place you in VUE for reading a text file which will likely contain instructions or a de scription of the update Another directive can automatically execute a downloaded program to perform configuration Since this is a security concern AMPM will only perform this step if you have specified the a switch Since
217. sed to manually map URL filenames to unique AMOS filenames HTTPD will strip the filename from the URL and attempt to lo cate it in this file If found the entire URL is replaced with the AMOS filespec The filename is scanned for in a non case sensitive manner An example TCP HTTPD CVT file follows all examples would normally access the same AMOS file really cla AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 28 Chapter Five Example Convert canned URL filenames into unique AMOS filenames ReallyBigFirstName class rbfnam cls xample 1 ReallyBigOtherName class rbonam cls example 2 ReallyReallyBigName class rrbnam cls example 3 Page Redirection If you move a page to another account or host but need to support the previous URL you may redirect the page to the new URL This is done by replacing the old page with a file containing the following line Redirect new url Publicly Accessible Devices If you wish to open a device for public access without adding PUBLIC PPN to every account create the file HTTPD DEV Place each public device for instance sub4 on a line by itself The web server does not need to be restarted Runtime Control The primary HTTPD job will respond to a usr2 signal sent using UKILL The usr2 signal toggles the debug mode on or off the same mode which may be enabled using the d switch on the HTTPD com mand line This can be useful if you are having
218. ser when directly accessing the local mail package An example line would be j_doe jd_paswdl John Doe The remote computer would be configured to login as j_doe with a password of jd_paswd1 POP3D will then access mail for user John Doe The following command line options are available on the start line for POP3D in TCP CONFIG start pop3d 60k d h scount tminutes These options perform the following functions d Turns on debug mode In this state information about POP3D operation and connection traces are sent to the network logger You may then view the net work error log to diagnose problems As this mode logs a lot of information we suggest you leave it off for normal operation The status of debug may be changed by sending a usr signal to the primary POP3D process See the section on UKILL in the AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide for further detail h Causes the host name portion of the full domain name to be stripped This changes the source address in messages which have not traversed SMTP Normally the full domain name of the local computer running POP3D is ap pended to the user name i e John Doe appears as John_Doe foo company com if foo is the host running POP3D Using the h switch causes foo to be stripped i e the address is now John_Doe company com This is useful if your site is running POP3 servers on multiple hosts but has a primary host handling all SMTP mail for your domain sc
219. sers than AlphaTCP The Al phaTCP license is based on total operating system license size not the number of AlphaTCP us ers TCP access layer is not running The TAMED server is not running telnetd Unable to register service with NETSER The NETSER job is not responding to name registry requests or the name is already registered by another server If NETSER is not being used ignore this message AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 NETLOG Error Messages Page A 5 unable to locate company in location file LIB AMPM TXT Either the company you specified on the command line is not listed in the map file or you mis typed the command line AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Appendix B Installation and Configuration Worksheets The following worksheets will help you install and configure AlphaTCP The worksheets included are Calculating AlphaTCP Memory Requirements Initial AlphaTCP Setup Setting Up AlphaTCP Post Office Server Setting Up AlphaTCP Telnet Sessions Setting Up AlphaTCP File Transfer Setting Up AlphaTCP Unsecure File Transfer Setting Up AlphaTCP For Use With Print Servers Setting Up the AlphaTCP Web Server Setting Up AlphaTCP For Use With AMOS Printers Setting Up ITC Tunneling through AlphaTCP Feel free to photocopy these worksheets for your use AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Calculating AlphaTCP Memory Requirements CALCULATING TCPEMU MEMORY REQUIREMENTS
220. ses 1 4 Subnetting 1 4 TCP IP Protocols 1 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 7 CHAPTER 2 DOWNLOADING THE SOFTWARE 2 1 INSTALLATION OVERVIEW 2 1 PREREQUISITES 2 1 Getting Your Own Internet Network Number 2 2 DOWNLOADING THE SOFTWARE 2 2 Verifying the Software 2 3 ENTERING THE PRODUCT INSTALLATION CODE 2 3 WHAT S NEXT 2 4 CHAPTER 3 MODIFYING THE ALPHATCP CONFIGURATION FILES 3 1 DETERMINING MEMORY REQUIREMENTS 3 1 TCPEMU Memory 3 1 The Shared Memory Area 3 2 NETLOG Memory 3 3 User Memory 3 3 CONFIGURING THE ALPHATCP SETUP FILES 3 3 Configuration File CONFIG 3 6 TCPEMU Startup File GOTCP CMD 3 10 Hosts File HOSTS 3 11 DNS Resolver File RESOLV 3 12 Local Host Name File MYNAME 3 12 Networks File NETWRK 3 13 Services Definition File SER VIC 3 13 TCP Ersatz File TCPIP ERZ 3 13 Time Zone File TIMZON 3 13 WHOIS Server File WHOIS 3 14 TCP Line Printer Definition File LPR 3 14 If You Are Using Ethernet 3 14 Second Ethernet 3 15 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page ii If You Are Using SLIP If You Are Using a Print Server To Make AMOS Printers Accessible If You Are Using SMTP MAIL If You Are Using POP3 Mail If You Are Using the Web Server If You Are Using AlphaNET Tunneling WHAT S NEXT CHAPTER 4 MODIFYING THE SYSTEM INITIALIZATION FILE CHANGES TO THE SYSTEM INITIALIZATION COMMAND FILE TROUBLESHOOTING STARTUP PROBLEMS TESTING THE INSTALLATION WHAT S NEXT CHAPTER 5 ALPHATCP SUPPORT AND SE
221. sing the 1 switch TE When running under a telnet session forces display of packets related to the telnet session Normally TCPMON supresses these packets on AMOS 2 3A and later Understanding Packets The TCP IP protocol suite is very complex You should have a good TCP IP reference book when working at the packet level When you run TCPMON a screen much like the following one will appear IP Packet Monitor for AMOS TCP IP V1 x TP ICMP UDP TOP Incoming 2 0 T 1 Outgoing 1 a TRACING address 192 0 2 1 00 seconds offset 0 00 seconds 192 0 2 1 gt 192 0 2 2 EEL 32 len 92 Request 04 seconds offset 2 04 seconds 192 0 2 1 lt 192 0 2 2 ttl 64 len 122 1303 lt domain Len 112 10 seconds offset 4 06 seconds 192 0 2 1 lt 192 0 2 2 ttl 64 len 40 1139 lt telnet Wnd 4096 SYN ACK 1386048000 Ack 1284352001 The TRACING line will appear only if you have specified the a and or the p switch If you specify the p switch the line will also contain the port number being traced AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 6 16 Chapter Six Everything above the dashed line should be self explanatory except for the LOST column An incre menting value under LOST means packets are being transferred faster than TCPMON can buffer them The packets are dropped from the TCPMON buffers but still pass through the TCP IP stack Try moving to a faster terminal or using the q switch or a faster disk when l
222. spoolers An LPR NEW file is shipped with AlphaTCP which you may modify and rename to LPR See If You Are Using a Print Server below for more information If You Are Using Ethernet The following sections tell you what changes need to be made to the CONFIG and NETWRK files to support Ethernet connections Changing CONFIG If you are going to configure the Ethernet interface using bootp or dhcp uncomment the start bootpc line and set the switches on the command line for your preferences see Chapter 5 e For AlphaNET NDVs Delete the at the beginning of the first ifconfig ec0 line Then change the number between ecO and arpa 101 in the example file to the AlphaNET network number of the Ethernet interface You can find this number by using NTSTAT F P or examining the file specified in the NETINI command in your system initialization file Make sure you use the network number not the entire cpuID displayed at the beginning of the NTSTAT F display e For Standalone LDVs Delete the at the beginning of the ifconfig ecO am319s line If you are using an LDV other than AM319S LDV change the am319s parameter to the LDV you are using Be sure the LDV is installed properly in your system initialization file See Chapter 4 fr The interface provided by an LDV is much more efficient for AlphaTCP than an NDV If you are not using AlphaNET you should use an LDV AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP
223. ssume asy0 is a hardwired line to a lo cal computer In this case you would not create a SLIPOK O and allow all traffic to flow Now assume asy1 is a dialup connection to the Internet You would likely want to disable access to most of your criti cal systems In this case you would create a SLIPOK 1 file On separate lines in the SLIPOK n file list the internet address of the local system and each secure sys tem you have When AlphaTCP is started up again nobody but the listed computers will be accessible through the asy1 SLIP interface My Changes only take place once AlphaTCP is restarted All lines in the security files which start with SS Or are treated as comments and are ignored Runtime Control You may manually force SLIPD to hang up a modem by sending it a term signal using UKILL the de fault signal sent by UKILL Note if there are TCP IP packets flowing through SLIPD after hanging up it will reestablish the connection automatically and continue For information on UKILL and sending signals see Chapter 6 Security Once a SLIP connection has been established remote nodes look no different than a local node on Ethernet just slower SLIP in itself has few security concerns it simply provides a door to the world If there are security holes accessible from any of your Ethernet nodes and you have a dialup SLIP interface running those same holes are available to anyone running TCP IP If you are concerned about
224. t in clude a file name or ersatz name The m option changes the default file sent from TCP HTTPD HTM to HOME HTM in the account with the er satz name ersatz scount Specifies the maximum number of servers which may be active by default itis 20 If more connection requests arrive while there are this many active sessions they will be refused tminutes Specifies the time out in minutes in which a request must be made by de fault it is four minutes If a request has not been issued by this time the connection will be dropped N There is a great advantage to placing your web documents and images on an extended directory gt device which contains date stamps on the files When a request arrives for a file on an extended directory the server is able to examine the modification date If it has not been modified since the browser last requested it the browser is told to use its own copy This avoids transferring the file again and can be very nice for users with slow connections Specialized Filename mapping HTTPD typically converts filenames to an AMOS format automatically Usually you can manipulate a URL to generate a unique AMOS filename There are certain cases however when you do not have control over the URL One example would be a library of Java code In this case it is quite possible for the library to use unique URLs which map to the same AMOS filename For this reason HTTPD supports a file TCP HTTPD CVT which may be u
225. tart route 200k s add xxx xxx xxx xxx All lines starting with are comments The lines that start if config tell AlphaTCP how to get to the network interfaces ec0 represents the Ethernet asy0 represents SLIP For information about what changes to make to enable SLIP connec tions see If You Are Using SLIP Connections later in this chapter For information about what changes to make to enable Ethernet connections see If You Are Using Ethernet later in this chapter AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 7 To Change the TCP Close Time out The line starting closetime lets you change the TCP close time out from its default of 600 seconds The value on this line tells AlphaTCP how long to try to close a connection with data on it If this period is exceeded the connection is reset and all queued data is discarded The period should be long enough to avoid discarding data on a working but slow path This value actually sets the maximum period of the FIN_WAIT_2 state where the connection has been closed locally but the remote end has not performed its close or at least the close has not yet been re ceived You will not usually need to change this value To Change the TCP Keepalive Time out The line starting keepalive lets you change the TCP keepalive time out from its default of thirty min utes Most of the AlphaTCP servers enable keepalive polling which causes AlphaTCP t
226. tarted and an occurrence of f or v on the command line will be replaced by the filename DEMOS SAMPLE TXT GET Method Arguments Forms have two methods of submission GET and POST When the GET method is used the web browser will encode the fields and append them to the URL following a question mark These arguments may be passed to the application on the command line using the a meta character The web server usually determines that a web application should be run rather than a web page retrieved by the existence of a query string at the end of the URL This is a question mark followed by optional arguments There are cases where you may want to invoke an application without requiring a question mark For instance if a user is expected to enter the URL and it has no arguments they are very likely to forget to type the question mark For this reason HTTPD recognizes a very common directory in the path cgi bin Both of the following URLs will invoke the basic demo application http www widget com basic demo http www widget com cgi bin basic demo POST Method Arguments When forms are submitted using the POST method the fields are sent encoded as part of the input stream Depending on existence of the command line meta character i this information may be forced to the application as keyboard input or passed in a file If your application would rather not deal in raw encoded information place the following line in your appl
227. tdv desc stemd Setting up AlphaTCP Telnet Sessions Page of 1 Setting Up AlphaTCP File Transfer FTP ALLOWED USERS Override AMOS file protection flags ovrprt User names and passwords are case sensitive and cannot contain spaces Passwords must be unique and difficult to guess Remember once connected to the net there is world wide access to this system User can Read files enter 1 if this is desired User can Write and delete files enter 2 if this is desired User can Log to other accounts enter 4 if this is desired User can access remote AlphaNET files enter 8 if this is desired Add up the values in columns R W L N for privilege value Yes connections are treated as local logins to the host thus allowing traditional files to be deleted or overwritten No connections are treated as network connections This prevents files on traditional directories from being deleted or overwritten Setting up AlphaTCP File Transfer Page 1 of 2 FTP CHECK LIST E Copy your main system initialization file to a temporary INI file J Load the following files into system memory SYSTEM TCP FTPD LIT SYSTEM TCP FTPD RTI SYSTEM SYS CMDLIN SYS LJ Edit the TCP CONEFIG file and do the following L Remove the from the start ftpd line LI if ovrprt YES then add o to the end of the start ftpd line I Create or edit TCP FTPUSR and add the valid FTP users Use the follo
228. text editor create and edit the file TIMZON There should be only one line in the file with the format hhmm zone Hhmm is a four digit number that tells AlphaTCP that the local time zone is hh hours and mm minutes from universal time zone tells it which time zone you are in The sign indicates behind universal time For example 0800 PST tells AlphaTCP you are in the Pacific Standard Time zone and that you are eight hours and zero minutes behind universal time If the current UTC is 1400 then at 0800 PST is 0600 1400 0800 AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 14 Chapter Three This table shows popular time zones and the correct entries for those zones Time Zone Description TIMZON Entry Pacific Daylight Time 0700 PDT Mountain Standard Time 0700 MST Central Standard Time 0600 CST Eastern Standard Time 0500 EST If you live in an area with daylight savings time and are not using SNTPD remember to change this file when you adjust your local time WHOIS Server File WHOIS The WHOIS file contains the name of the server to contact when looking up domain information using the WHOIS command AlphaTCP includes the file WHOIS NEW which contains the name of the Inter net Network Information Center server rs internic net You can rename this file to WHOIS TCP Line Printer Definition File LPR The LPR file contains the definition for any TCP line printers associated with AMOS print
229. this you may want to disable auto answer on your modem Although this prevents users from calling into your computer there would still be a window while a connection is ac tive which you established Remember SLIP is a network connection Once the physical connection is established data can flow freely in both directions between any two computers where routing can be es tablished For information on limiting incoming packets to certain secure local computers see Customiz ing above TELNET SERVER TELNED The TELNET server TELNED provides virtual terminal access into AMOS from any other computer running the TCP IP protocol The connection begins with a negotiation process where each end finds out what level of compatibility the other end provides Once this is accomplished the remote user is pre sented with the standard login screen for the AMOS computer or whatever the system operator has specified to run see Customizing below You can activate multiple servers to start different applica tions on different ports AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 AlphaTCP Support and Server Processes Page 5 5 Requirements The connections established are Type 2 virtual connections the same style AlphaNET CONECT creates over Ethernet These connections have special requirements for the terminal driver so verify all of your terminal drivers are compatible If they don t have an output routine or they operate properl
230. time to live is decremented and the router decrementing it to zero responds with an ICMP time exceeded message The Unix traceroute command does much the same thing but with UDP packets The reason TROUTE and Windows TRACERT use ping packets ICMP ECHO REQUEST instead is because UDP is typi cally blocked at most firewalls now It is more common to be able to send a ping through a firewall than a UDP packet TROUTE uses the following format TROUTE hhops n r Tseconds host You can specify the maximum number of routers hops to attempt using the h switch The default is 30 hops AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Administrative Commands Page 6 23 The n switch forces TROUTE to display IP addresses instead of the routers hostnames This speeds up the trace and is especially useful if reverse DNS lookups are failing and must time out TROUTE attempts to check the chain of responding routers for routing loops The r switch disables this For various reasons false routing loops can be detected One of the most common is the usage of the same private IP address space in different domains If you get a routing loop detected error on a trace you should rerun the trace with the r switch Normally TROUTE waits for a response for up to 3 seconds You can change this timeout with the t switch Successful Traces Here is a sample of a successful TROUTE trace Tracing route to nsO verio net 129 250 1
231. to LPR You may enter multiple lines to define multiple printers The format of each entry is name host print queue name is the name specified in the DEVICE TLP name line in the printer initialization file host is the remote host on which the printer resides and print queue is the name of the print queue for the printer on that host Here is a sample LPR file TCPPRT host company com PASSTHRU If you want to define a dynamic IP printer a printer name that a remote user can assign to a local printer on the fly enter an asterisk instead of the host name See the Customizing section in Line Printer Client LPR in Chapter 5 for details on this file Changing TCPIP ERZ Create an account which may be used by LPR for temporary storage of print files Add a TCPLPR ersatz definition for this account into the TCPIP ERZ file To Make AMOS Printers Accessible The queue name specified by remote hosts is used to select the desired AMOS printer It should match the spelling and case of the AMOS spooler name Changing CONFIG Edit the TCP CONFIG file and delete the from the start lpd 35k line Changing TCPIP ERZ Create an account for LPD to store print files in until they are printed Add a TCPLPD ersatz definition for this account into the TCPIP ERZ file AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 3 18 Chapter Three If You Are Using SMTP MAIL Creating TIMZON
232. to read the host s MX records When using a host file do not include this switch Overrides the default Internet special user name If name is multiple words enclose the entire option in quotes Example lOther Name Sets a recipient limit Older versions of SMTPD had a build in limit of 6 Notifies the postmaster when mail bounces by sending a courtesy copy of the bounce notice Causes SMTPD to check TCP SMTPD FWD before accepting mail des tined for another site Changes the name of the postmaster to name By default the postmaster name is Postmaster If the name contains multiple words place the entire option in quotes Example pJohn Doe All incoming mail addressed to postmaster will be forwarded to the specified user Forces SMTPD to pass all mail through the relay host in SMTPD FOR Without this switch SMTPD will only pass messages to the relay which it couldn t resolve a destination for itself Changes the default server limit to count The default is ten which means a maximum of ten connections will be accepted If more connections are attempted they will be refused with a request to try again later Changes the default time out limit to minutes The default is four minutes This time out is used in the client to determine how long to wait for a re sponse to a command It is used in the server to determine how long to wait for a command request Enables the user list mailback option When this option is
233. unk email also known as spam If your site is found your server will be used to mail tens of thousands of messages which often results in a backlash from angry recipients Older versions of SMTPD had a small recipient limit which made it a poor target site The latest SMTPD no longer has this recipient limit but also has options to prevent such misuse Be sure to use the new security features and test your installation AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 18 Chapter Five Finally as messages are transferred in plain text it is possible the message could be read by more than the intended recipient In addition messages could be stored on backup tapes for years Don t pass anything embarrassing or incriminating over electronic mail POST OFFICE AND PASSWORD SERVERS POP3D AND POPPWD NOTE A new server QPOP3D is included in the AlphaTCP 1 4A release The section below applies equally to both the original POP3D and new QPOP3D servers The new server estimates the message sizes it reports to the client As a result it avoids the lengthy login and occasional timeouts when a mail box contains many messages or large attachments Since this behavior is not standard it may not work with all POP clients As an added benefit the new server supports UIDL allowing a clients leave on server option to work I On March 31 2004 the original Post Office server POP3D was discontinued and is no longer N gt supported or maintain
234. ur AMOS host must have Internet connectivity for this to work unless you are running an AMPM package repository on your intranet Synchronizing With an AMPM Package Repository AMPM must be executed from the OPR account The format of the AMPM command is AMPM switches l login p password company package devn e Company is a company listed in the LIB AMPM TXT file for example alphamicro e Package is a package or product for which the company maintains a repository for example tep15 e devn is the disk on which you maintain your local copy of the package The following switches may be specified on the AMPM command line a Execute any files specified in the package directory as autorun programs d Output additional debug information i Ignore newer local versions allowing unconditional synchronization Mn No prompting for return before performing actual file transfer v Verify only create update command file but do not run it The optional login and password arguments may be used to access a package repository requiring authorization On the AMPM command line if the login or password contains spaces the entire switch must be enclosed in quotation marks For example l john doe If you attempt to access files in a private repository and have not specified the login and password argu ments AMPM will ask you for them if it finds files which need updating When asked for the login and password information do not enclo
235. vilege level Common login names to use are ftp and anonymous The user login account can be either a device name and account number as shown or an ersatz device name If you enable the new tree view the login account does not need to be a ppn It may be a disk de vice or an AlphaNET CPU ID including 0 which will present all local disk devices The user privilege level is determined by adding the flags for each of the functions you want to allow to the user The privilege flags are 1 User can read files 2 User can write and delete files 4 User can log to other accounts 8 User can access remote AlphaNET files 16 User can access accounts containing PUBLIC PPN For example in the prototype file user root has a privilege level of 15 Since this equals 1 2 4 8 this user can read or write files including remote AlphaNET files and log to other accounts The us ers with a privilege level of 3 however can only read and write local files but cannot log to other ac counts nor access remote AlphaNET files Users with a privilege level of 17 can only access files and log to accounts containing the file PUBLIC PPN Privilege flags 4 and 16 should never be used to gether The optional file protection flags override allows you to override the default of 0505051717 on ex tended logical devices Files created with 0505051717 cannot be deleted or overwritten via a net work including AlphaNET and AlphaTCP file utilities See t
236. wing syntax usrnam 1 usrpsw 1 usrlog 1 usrprv 1 usrnam 2 usrpsw 2 usrlog 2 usrprv 2 usrnam x usrpsw x usrlog x usrprv x Setting up AlphaTCP File Transfer Page 2 of 2 Setting Up AlphaTCP Unsecure File Transfer TFTP CHECK LIST LJ Read the section on security before setting up TFPD E Copy your main system initialization file to a temporary INI file LJ Load the following files into system memory SYSTEM TCP TFTPD LIT SYSTEM TCP TFTPD RTI SYSTEM SYS CMDLIN SYS LJ Edit the TCP CONFIG file and do the following J Remove the from the start tftpd line Setting up AlphaTCP Unsecure File Transfer Page of 1 Setting Up AlphaTCP For Use With Printer Servers AMOS NETWORK PRINTERS OOo im O Printer 1 Printer 2 Printer 3 Host Name of Printer host company grp prthnm TLP Device Name name after DEVICE TLP UCS prtdev Is this printer a default prtdflt YES or NO YES or NO YES or NO AMOS Job to Receive Printer Messages msgjob Spooler TRMDEF Name spltrm Printer queue name for UNIX etc type hosts or PASSTHRU for most print servers For memory based spooler Add prtip prthnm prtali to TCP HOSTS or the Domain Name Server dns Use additional pages for more TCP printers TCP SETUP Temporary print file account TCPLPR dev ppn gt Setting up AlphaTCP For Use With Printer Server Page 1 of 3 LINE PRINTER CHECK LIST E Create the account d
237. word enter it into GOTCP CMD TCP GOTCP CMD also starts the NETLOG program and selects the NETLOG output file TCP NETLOG LST AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Modifying the AlphaTCP Configuration Files Page 3 11 Hosts File HOSTS AlphaTCP reads the hosts file to convert host names into internet addresses You should enter host names in this file for all computers so you won t have to use internet addresses to communicate with other hosts If you are using DNS move to the section on the RESOLV file because you don t need to use the HOSTS file If you are not using a name server DNS make sure there is no RESOLV file Using your text editor edit the file HOSTS The prototype file looks like this Hostname file for AlphaTCP 192 168 1 1 am4000 company com am4000 An AMOS AM 4000 with AlphaTCP 192 168 1 2 sco company com Sco A SCO UNIX system with TCP IP 192 168 1 3 am920 company com am920 An AM 920 with DOS TCP IP 127007 T localhost company com localhost local loopback address Each line begins with the internet address for a host followed by its host name and any aliases it may be called separated by spaces Again a indicates a comment line Host names may contain any character except a space Generally a host name consists of a local node name company name and a primary domain name For example steve alphamicro com AI When host names are looked up by themselves n
238. y over AlphaNET Type 2 connections they are probably fine TELNED does not use the VTSER TRMDEF ports The maximum number of incoming con nections allowed is your AMOS license less physical ports less VTSER TRMDEF ports Reduce the number of TRMDEF ports to get more TELNED ports As stated in Chapter 4 the AlphaNET NETSER job should be running before AlphaTCP is started This is because the TELNED server registers itself with NETSER so TELDMP may contact it for connection display purposes If you choose not to start NETSER TELNED will log a warning stating that it couldn t register with NETSER and TELDMP will not work If you start multiple servers each must be assigned a unique port number and have a unique description which will be registered with NETSER The job names of subsequent servers will be bumped from TELNED to TELNEE TELNEF etc You may load TELNED LIT into system memory and reduce the memory allocated by the size of the program Operation The TELNED server listens for connection requests When one is received by default it asks the remote user for terminal type and memory size You may predefine either or both of these and or set a range of valid memory sizes After this local and remote compatibility levels are negotiated a job is spawned for the user and the virtual connection is established Usually the AMOS LOGON screen displays but you can override this and start an application directly
239. y requirements or may affect existing memory allocations They are e The TCPEMU job This determines the number of data paths queued messages and several other items which affect the performance of AlphaTCP e The shared memory area SMEM This is where AlphaTCP gets memory for jobs it must spawn to start servers or fork child processes All virtual terminal sessions are assigned memory from here also so you must decide how much memory you will allow users connected by TELNET e The NETLOG error logging job e User memory requirements may be affected by the memory needed to run the AlphaTCP client programs to make connections to other computers Of these areas the first two are most involved and require the most memory TCPEMU Memory The memory requirement for TCPEMU depends on many things including the speed of your network and the amount of activity on it the number of AlphaTCP connections you expect and the number of data paths used each FTP session often has two data paths TCPEMU requires a minimum 900KB of memory to run with a single user and no servers You should add 20KB of memory for every expected connection into or out of AMOS If you have several TCP IP computers on your network you may want to increase your memory further The amount of memory you should assign to TCPEMU also depends on the quantity and makeup of traf fic on your network which is beyond the scope of this document Once the AlphaTCP softwa
240. ying intervals for up to 32 hours After this the mail will be bounced back to its sender Customizing SMTPD may be customized through command line options as well as configuration files There are four configuration files SMTPD recognizes all of them in the TCP account The files are SMTPD LOC SMTPD ALI SMTPD FWD and SMTPD FOR Defining Host Names as Local Names SMTPD LOC lists additional host names besides the host s fully qualified domain name which repre sent local mail For example assume your host is called mail widgit com and is the primary mail host for your company To allow people to send mail to a generic address like user widgit com you must set up an MX record in DNS to pass mail for widgit comtomail widgit com You would also list the name widgit com in the SMTPD LOC file This tells SMTPD to pretend all incoming mail addressed to widgit com was really meant for itself and don t try forwarding it elsewhere AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Page 5 14 Chapter Five Create the file TCP SMTPD LOC and enter the host names to be treated as local one per line Forwarding Mail to a Remote Computer that Uses a Name Server If you are not using DNS but access a computer that does you can forward mail for unrecognized hosts to that remote computer Create the file TCP SMTPD FOR and enter the host name of the computer to forward to on the first line If you wish to use the host s IP address instead place it
241. you want be sure to attach a real terminal to the NETLOG job before starting NETLOG otherwise messages are dis carded Runtime Control The NETLOG program is controlled by the LOGCTL program LOGCTL can tell NETLOG to exit close the file open a new file or log a user defined message in the log file You can split the log file into separate files one for each job which logged a message using the program LOGFMT LOGCTL and LOGFMT are described in Chapter 6 Security There are no security concerns for the network logger TCP EMULATOR TCPEMU The TCP emulator TCPEMU provides the UNIX Streams and TCP IP environment the application pro grams and servers use to converse with each other In addition TCPEMU handles the spawning and de spawning of the server jobs and their children along with various other process control functions Requirements The TCPEMU program must run on a job called TCPEMU If it is executed on a job other than TCPEMU it merely displays the Product Installation Code PIC and the license size As TCPEMU spawns many jobs you may want to place the TCPEMU job at the end of your JOBALC statements That way TCPEMU and its spawned jobs will be grouped together in a STAT display Operation When the TCPEMU job starts it reads the NETWRK file and builds a UNIX Streams like environment It then reads the CONFIG file It uses this to link itself into the AlphaNET NDV or standalone LDV driver path so it can send
242. zeros To use hit counters you must describe the hit counter application to the AlphaTCP web server Place the following definition in the TCP HTTPD APP file AlphaTCP Administrator s Guide Rev 12 Advanced Web Server Usage Page 9 5 Page access counter Application ticker Command WEBCNT 0 f sa Memory 5K Kill Yes Account SYS Decode No The program WEBCNT LIT must be loaded into system memory This program increments the counter and returns the graphical representation of it stored in one block random files in the same directory and with the same name as the page being counted with the extension CNT The count is stored in the first longword of the block the rest of the file is unused and undefined If you access this value in AlphaBASIC using a 4 byte binary variable you will need to swap the upper and lower words a If you want to use the counts in a program the following information may be useful Counts are SUPPORTING FILL OUT FORMS Fill out forms provide a way to submit user supplied information to a program for processing or starting a program which generates a dynamically changing document Under the UNIX environment these pro grams are known as CGI BIN scripts They will be referred to from this point on simply as applications The image map program described above is one such application The syntax for laying out a form is described in a number of web guidebooks The actual application dealing

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