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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for Planning

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1. german cooperation Copyright 2013 Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Internationale Zusammernarbeit GIZ GmbH Published by 9 F PDCP Bank Centre cor V A Rufino and L P Leviste Sts Salcedo Village Makati City Metro Manila PHILIPPINES Telephone 63 02 812 3165 loc 17 Website http www giz de Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Internationale Zusammernarbeit GIZ GmbH CITATION GIZ 2013 SIMPLE Trainers Toolkit Module 11 Geographic Information System Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Internationale Zusammernarbeit GIZ GmbH GIS Tailor made Inc Ubo Pakes Antonio Yap 530 Holy Name Street Mabolo Cebu City www GIS TM com Module Subject Geographic Information Systems GIS for Planning Module Contents Geographic Information System GIS in the Context of SIMPLE 11 1 Module Overview Objectives Duration Scope and Coverage Training Methods Resources Needed References Activity Flow Understanding GIS And Its Role in Land Use and Development Planning 11 3 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan What is Geographic Information System GIS 11 7 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan Introduction to Manifold System 11 37 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan Data Entry 11 63 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan Editing 11 115 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan OHOHOHOHOMO Analysi
2. SEN Cebu City Basak Pardo Direction of flow of rain edu City as based on contourtnes The second image gives an indication of the steepness of the slopes The steepness is indicated from green flat to red very steep Steep and very steep slopes can pose a hazard for development and habitation Sadly enough in a highly urbanized area these areas are also intensively used and accidents happen It should be considered whether or not these areas are suitable for development and if so under which conditions After calculating the slope it is also possible to calculate the orientation of the Slope north east etc With these two data combined it is possible to derive the natural flow of rain water down the slopes as is shown with the small areas in the third picture These natural flow paths give a good indication of flood hazard Example fire hazard mapping In many urban areas in the Philippines there is a recurring hazard of fires especially in urban poor areas These areas are often characterized by the use of light highly flammable materials and the absence of wide roads This means that in case of fire the fire trucks often do not have access to all the areas to put out the fires In this example we assume that the fire trucks are limited to the main roads red and that they have an operational reach of 50 meters The yellow zones show those areas where a fire can be put out from the main roads The other areas
3. satellite images and aerial photographs they are also good for representing more abstract ideas For example rasters can be used to show rainfall trends over an area or to symbolize the fire risk on a landscape In these kinds of applications each cell in the raster represents a different value e g fire hazard on a scale of one to ten An issue with rasters is that the more you zoom in the more difficult the image will be to interpret same as if you zoom in too much in your digital photo Similar as to the vector data raster data comes in many forms and shapes and under different names For instance an image usually used as a digital photo or element from Remote Sensing is basically a raster dataset Su m mary At times it can be confusing when to use vector and when to use raster data There may be instances when there is no choice If satellite images are purchased or a paper map is scanned the data are always in raster form These can be used as basis for tracing and drawing vector data Also Manifold System has options to convert vector to raster and vice versa Raster e Simple data structure e Requires greater storage space on e Compatible with remotely computer sensed or scanned data e Depending on pixel size graphical output e Simple spatial analysis may be less pleasing procedures e Projection transformations are more difficult e More difficult to represent topological relationships Vector e Requires les
4. Know how to geo register a paper map or scanned image e insight in possible other data sources in the Philippines 6 DURATION 1 day 8 hours mostly depending on the line needed for a GPS survey Z CONTENT AND ACTIVITY PLAN Topics to be covered 1 What is GPS 2 Importing GPS data into Manifold System 3 Coordinate Reference Systems 11 63 4 Map Georegistration 5 Data sources in the Philippines SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY e Presentations demonstrations exercises movie RESOURCES NEEDED e Laptop desktop computer LCD projector and screen e Hand outs and photocopies of printed materials and documents e GPS unit amp cables Lae DENR Mines and geosciences bureau GIS website http gdis denrr gov ph mgbviewer DNRGPS http www dnr state mn us mis gis DNRGPS DNRGPS html Minnesota Department of Natural Resources DOST PhilVocs http www philvocs dost gov ph Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH Existing PowerPoint and documents on Manifold GIS trainings mostly compiled by Jay ar Ragub and Jerson Sala Garmin About GPS http www8 garmin com aboutGPS Garmin Etrex Vista HCx Owner s Manual Garmin GPSmap 76CsX Owner s manual HLURB Housing Land Use Regulatory Board Cookbook http www cookbook hlurb gov ph MANIFOLD System GIS Help MANIFOLD System GIS User manual accessed on http www georeference org
5. analysis The central piece of equipment is the workstation _which runs the GIS software and is the attachment point for ancillary equipment Data collection efforts can also require the use of a digitizer or a scanner for conversion of hard copy data to digital data and a GPS unit to collect data in the field The use of handheld field technology is also _ becoming an important data collection tool in GIS Software Different types of software are important for GIS Central to this is the GIS application Such software is essential for creating editing and analysing spatial and attributes data therefore these packages contain a myriad of GIS functions _ Extensions or add ons are software components that extend the capabilities of the GIS software package Component GIS software is the opposite of application software Component _GIS seeks to build software applications that meet a specific purpose and thus are limited in their spatial analysis capabilities Utilities are either stand alone programs or plug ins that performs a specific function For example a file format utility that converts from on type of GIS file to another There is also web based GIS software that helps _serve data and interactive maps through Internet browsers Data Data is the core of any GIS There are two primary types of Spatial data that are used in GIS vector and raster data Vector data is spatial data represented as points lines and polygo
6. http m dswd gov ph 8 Not strictly GIS but many government websites contain information on a barangay municipal or provincial level This data can easily be copied into a spread sheet or a table and then combined with GIS map to create new data sets Editing osat wee OVERVIEW The data we create during our surveys or those that we purchase or get from others are rarely exactly what we want In many cases we may want to add change or modify these data For instance you may want to use a geo registered image to create a new drawing of roads or buildings Not only the geographical data the map but also the attribute data may be subject to change In this Session we will describe ways how to create new or edit existing datasets To do this correctly this Session also deals with the way spatial data are stored in GIS You will have a close look at the basis of data storage which is accomplished by means of tables You will view create and fill tables In addition you will also join and relate tables The first part deals with data storage in a vector model environment The second part deals with storage in a raster environment In addition you will digitize points as a method of data capture Digitizing is the process of using a mouse to automate the locations of geographic features by converting their map positions to series of x y coordinates stored in computer files OBJECTIVES After this Session
7. 8 Cancel Stop bits i Parity Test Make sure to select the right device GARMIN USB GPS for other brands these settings may change Please refer in those cases to the Manifold System help on how to connect a GPS x 2 Hint If your Garmin GPS unit is not automatically discovered by Manifold System make sure that you have the correct USB drivers installed Please refer to the CD with the Garmin software for those drivers Alternatively if you install Map Source from Garmin the correct USB drivers will be installed If the GPS is connected download the survey data using the download waypoints button The following menu appears coms open E Download waypoints Reuse downloaded data Download routes Create new drawing Download tracks FAR Column Save To GPS Latitude New Column GPS Longitude New Column GPS Waypoint Altitude New Column GPS Waypoint Comment New Column GPS Waypoint Name New Column GPS Waypoint Symbol New Column Check all download waypoints routes and tracks and click OK Wait until the DATA DOWNLOAD is complete and automatically your GPS Data will be on the Project Pane Then press the connect disconnect button to safely remove your GPS device and then switch OFF the GPS to conserve battery Press the connect disconnect button before physically disconnecting the unit to avoid data corruption and error to your device Oe a
8. A scale bar displays the current scale of the map and gives an indication of how long a specific unit of length is The units in the scale bar can be chosen and will usually be kilometres or meters or miles When you place a scale bar in your map make sure that you use logical units for the scales If a scale bar does not change size when the Display number is changed or if it otherwise misbehaves consider if the number of units to display would cause the scale bar to be less than the minimum size specified an underflow or larger than the maximum size specified an overflow Supporting text Supporting texts can take many forms and sizes One of the most obvious is of course to give your map a relevant title It is common to use a descriptive title Overview map of Barangay XX but also more action directed texts can be used for a title Municipality is addressing flood problems Other texts can be legal disclaimers and more Also the labels that you can place on your drawings are considered to be texts and should be treated as such Do not place too much texts and different fonts on your map in order to keep the design easy to read Italic fonts in maps are usually reserved for water features names of rivers etc Please consider the _ audience of your map if the map is used for discussions with the people in a barangay you may consider using your local language instead of English Spelling errors in your maps can be irri
9. another object set or a value entered by the user Many operators such as Boundaries do not require a parameter The parameter box will not be enabled for such operators In the example above we use 10000 for the size of the border buffer zones the size being specified in the native units of the drawing 1 Click on the map layer or drawing that contains the target objects 2 Make a selection if the operation is to be applied just to the selection 3 Choose the desired operator in the operator box 4 Choose or specify a value in the parameter box if this operation requires it 5 Press Apply Some operators create new objects Any new objects created will be created in the active drawing layer and will now be the Selection Move the Selection to a new layer drawing if you wish to keep these objects organized separately from the original objects in the drawing almost always a good idea Themes and Toolbars _ Themes can be used in the Query and transform toolbars Object sets defined on themes will always use the name of the theme s parent drawing For example if there are selected objects in a theme named T whose parent is a drawing named D the selection choice will appear in the query or transform toolbar boxes as Selection in D This is done so that it is immediately clear that modifying a theme will modify the parent drawing and thus all other themes _ bound to that drawing The following are a selection
10. 1D CODE and track movement With four N or more satellites in view the receiver can determine the users 3D position latitude longitude and altitude Once the user s position has been determined the GPS unit can calculate other information such as speed bearing track trip distance distance to gt TTN destination sunrise and sunset N u ne as u ip an EPHEMERES DATA J ALM AN AC time and more GPS satellites transmit a signal which will travel by line of sight meaning will pass through clouds glass and plastic but will not rough most solid objects such as buildings mountains and se foliage A GPS signal contains three different bits of information an I D code ephemeris data and almanac data QE 1 The I D code identifies which satellite is transmitting information You can view this number on your Garmin GPS unit s satellite page as it identifies which satellites it s receiving 2 Ephemeris data contains important information about the status of the satellite healthy or unhealthy current date and time This part of the signal is essential for determining a position 3 The almanac data tells the GPS receiver where each GPS satellite should be at any time throughout the day Each satellite transmits almanac data showing the orbital information for that satellite and for every other satellite in the system There are factors that can degrade the GPS signal
11. Although ArcView was relatively easy to use it had some limitations as the difficult procedures with projections and its own programming language ArcGIS ArcGIS is the flagship from ESRI recognized as the leader in GIS software It s been estimated that about seventy per cent of GIS users use ESRI products In addition ESRI has developed plug ins called extensions which add to the functionality of ArcGIS Demo and light versions of ESRI software are available for downloading You can also find free data to use with ESRI products A big disadvantage of the ESRI products for the Philippines is the pricing of the licenses which is very high The price in the U S is around USD 1500 for the simplest version Wanifold net Manifold System GIS Manifold System provides affordable comprehensive professional grade GIS software that includes a very wide array of features Manifold System imports data from over 80 different GIS formats including all formats used by Federal government sites for free Internet downloads and Manifold System allows seamless simultaneous work with vector drawings raster images terrain elevations and raster data sets either as 2D displays or 3D terrain visualizations Manifold System includes exceptional DBMS capabilities full development facilities and includes a built in Internet Map Server for fast and easy publication of GIS projects to the web without programming Manifold can be obtained for USD
12. However some information has been provided Please see Modules 2 for integration of climate change adaptation into local development planning 3 for disaster risk reduction and _ management 8 1 for integrating FLUP into CLUP and CDP and 8 2 for CFRM CLUP integration There are four common datums that are widely used in the _ Philippines Luzon 1911 is the most commonly used in the Philippines and most of the maps produced by NAMRIA are in this datum It uses the Uses Clarke 1866 ellipsoid and its origin is located just south of Luzon at Balanacan Marinduque Island Luzon Philippines uses the baseline data as Luzon 1911 but _is also adapted for use with GPS _Luzon Philippines excluding Mindanao Luzon Mindanao is not a separate datum it is the Luzon 1911 datum with different WGS84 transformation parameters Extreme care should be taken to ensure the use of the correct transformation Since a point from the Luzon sometimes called Luzon Philippines datum transformation will be approximately 10 meters north and 1 meter west of the same point transformed using the Luzon Mindanao transformation Some software programs identify Luzon Mindanao as a separate datum This is incorrect _WGS 84 is a commonly used worldwide datum and it has been _developed from satellite measurements of the earth Since satellite images are often published using this datum and the growing use of GPS it is rapidly becoming the preferred datum aroun
13. Initialize and set up the instrument before going out to the field Turn on the GPS receiver and apply appropriate settings Find an open space with a good view of the sky and wait for the GPS to set up Once the GPS is set up take some test readings Take note of the accuracy of the test readings This will serve as an estimate for the next readings Getting the readings Locate an open area on the area to be surveyed If the area is a small building less than or equal to two floors find an area near the structure that will still have a good view of the sky Note that thick canopy for trees are also contributing to the low GPS signal strength Get GPS readings on the area and observe the accuracy Wait for the accuracy to stabilize at least to a meter level and take note of the highest accuracy level possible Many GPS devices have an option for averaging AVG This feature takes many readings from one location and by doing so improves the accuracy of your reading Save the reading when the accuracy is within Notes the highest stable reading possible Record the readings on the data sheet and the point number recorded in the GPS Take pictures of the area using a digital camera and record the photo number s in the data sheet for the corresponding point Be consistent in what you mark take readings from the same area per feature type e g flagpole for all schools front of building for all Barangay Halls Stay awa
14. NIA and Department of Agriculture DA 1 50 000 Reprints of 1950s Elevation data are interpretation of represented every 20 aerial meter contour interval photographs some roads are updated in the reprints Namria Bureau of Soils and 1 250 000 Slope categorized into Water Management 0 3 BSWM 3 8 8 18 18 30 30 50 and 50 and above Mines and Geosciences Bureau Mines and GeoSciences Preparedin Updated as the Indicate extent and the Bureau varied scales need arises name of the claim MGB and in the land holder management services office in the Regional PENRO or CENRO offices Online sources for GIS data are 1 Philippine GIS Data Clearinghouse http www philgis org 2 GEOFABRIK for road data http www seofabrik de 3 Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Consortium for Spatial Information CGIARCSI for updated version of SRTM http www cgiar csi org 4 Global Administrative Boundaries http www sadm org 5 Perry Castaneda Library Map Collection of University of Texas at Austin for Historical Maps http www lib utexas edu maps 6 Environmental Science for Social Change ESSC for the same Geohazard Map that is available from MGB http geohazard essc org ph 7 Department of Social Welfare and Development DSWD Map Viewer for KML data of their programs and projects health facilities of DOH and School Facilities of DepEd
15. Scsle 1 3M 128 91658 7 82415 l PRINT A MAP TITLE SOURCE DATE TITLE LOCATION DATE BFAR to fishermen let yourselves be counted MindaNews Top Jul 3 CF memory card problems snag SouthCot Koronadal May 14 2013 11 208 Session 11 8 4 Open Street Map Philippines commercial programs from Google Yahoo and Bing Maps there is also an open source community effort to map the Philippines Open Street Map Philippines is part of the international community effort to make quality spatial data available for all Mapping of the Philippines started sometime in 2006 when EDSA in Metro Manila was marked via GPS traces Since then mapping effort continued to rapidly increase throughout the years When Yahoo permitted OSM to use their satellite imagery for tracing in December 2006 mapping of Metro Manila one of the areas covered exploded and remains to be the most mapped area in the Philippines approaching around 90 of roads mapped N part from the efforts from NAMRIA to map the Philippines and the Other areas with significant mapping activities include Davao City which is another area covered by Yahoo s imagery areas in greater Metro Manila Angeles and Clark Baguio and Boracay Government geospatial data has been imported and these include roads for Laguna and the whole of Naga City in Camarines Sur Major roads of Mindanao have been mapped as well as other national highways around the Philippines Since mostly the urban areas in the
16. attribute fields according to Precision e Points Create points at all coordinates defining the shape of lines and areas in the target set Avoids making duplicate points in places where the edges of two areas coincide e Spline Create points at all coordinates defining the Shape of lines and areas in the target set Avoids making duplicate points in places where the edges of two areas coincide e Split With Split target areas and lines using a given set of lines e Union Combine all areas in the target set into one area object An overview of the tools is given in Help gt Index type _ Transform Toolbar Session 11 6 4 Preparation of a Barangay Base Map One of the first steps in preparing the CLUP is the preparation of the base maps for the barangays The base map will be used in next steps to prepare all the thematic maps needed for the barangay In order to prepare a barangay base map please follow the next steps 1 Secure the highest detail cadastral map you can get Usually this will be the barangay cadastral map from DENR LMS 2 Scan the blueprint cadastral maps If you only have a small scanner A3 or A4 then you may need to scan the map in parts and stitch the different parts together again into one image Make sure that you have enough overlap when scanning An example of a blueprint cadastral map given is given below wv 5 F G gt i EIER Q A s A rs ac 9 e g Sy oor
17. e sbn and sbx a spatial index of the features e fbn and fbx a spatial index of the features for shapefiles that are read only e ain and aih an attribute index of the active fields in a table or a theme s attribute table e ixS a geocoding index for read write shapefiles e mxs a geocoding index for read write shapefiles ODB format e atx an attribute index for the dbf file in the form of shapefile columnname atx ArcGIS 8 and later e shp xml geospatial metadata in XML format such as ISO 19115 or other schemas e cpg used to specify the code page only for dbf for identifying the character encoding to be used from Wikipedia Individual GIS software packages may add more files and extensions to the shapefile For this reason always make sure you copy all the files if you want to share GIS data or safe them in a Manifold System project file Creating Drawings and digitize Make a new empty drawing through File gt Create gt Drawing Give it a name and it will appear in the project pane Import or Link base data set to be digitized This could be the Google _Earth Virtual Earth data or scanned maps etc Be sure to check the projection of the scanned map register i e georeference the map first if needed Create a Map File gt Create gt Map and _add the empty drawing and the base data Make sure the drawing is on top by dragging its tab to the left side see figure
18. etc Every drawing in Manifold System has a table associated with it Each object in the drawing that is every point line or area object in the drawing is linked to a row in the table Drawings have a table even if there is no data saved for each object In that case the drawing s table is mostly empty It has only one field the object ID field for each row The object ID field is used to link each row to its associated object and cannot be edited It is indicated as the key field with a small key icon in the column name Deleting an object in a drawing will delete the object s record in the drawing s table Deleting a record in a _drawing s table will delete the associated object in the drawing see figure for a selected municipality in the map and _ the associated table MUNICIPALI In the following example 2 parts of a road have been digitized as lines The two lines show up in see figure below Next we would like to add a column for the table their names S AKLAN BALETE d AKLAN ALTAVAS d AKLAN BATAN e AKLAN BURUANGA AKLAN MADALAG 85 AKLAN LIBACAO ANTIQUE PANDAN 787 ANTIQUE SEBASTE 7 ANTIQUE PATNONGON 789 ANTIQUE VALDERAMA ANTIQUE BUGASONG 7 ANTIQUE LAWA AN T BARBASA 7 TIBIAO 1174 SIBALOM 7 SAN REMEGIO 7 SAN JOSE CAPITAL 79 BELISON 7 TOBIAS FORNIER 1799 ANTIQUE ANINT Y 1 To add a column for inputting their names go to Table gt Add gt Column Name Name Type
19. except that they are always created using the foreground colour only Users can add their own point styles from True Type fonts by installing a desired True Type font and then creating an xml file in the following pattern lt xml gt lt style gt lt name gt Name for this style lt name gt lt font gt Windows font name lt font gt lt symbol gt 64 lt symbol gt lt type gt point lt type gt lt style gt lt xml gt Rules There can be any number of lt style gt lt style gt entries within a single XML file between the lt xml gt tag at the beginning of the file and the lt xml gt tag at the end of the file e The name string supplied in the lt name gt attribute is mandatory and must be unique Many users will construct a unique name by appending the symbol number to the name of the font e The font name string supplied in the lt font gt attribute is mandatory and must be one of the font names installed in Windows e The number in the lt symbol gt attribute is mandatory and must be a number that corresponds to a valid character either in decimal notation or in hexadecimal hexadecimal numbers must be preceded by a character e The value in the lt type gt attribute is mandatory and must be point Place the new or modified xml file containing the point Styles into the Config folder for Manifold System normally C Program Files Manifold System Professional Config and restart Manifold System W
20. meters e Differences between Luzon 1911 and WGS 84 can be as much as 200 meters This creates problems when doing analysis especially with Land Use and Parcellary information Session 11 4 3 Coordinate Reference System rawings and images can be utilized in Manifold System from many different sources Drawings come in many different sizes using different scales Images can be everything from a photograph scanned on a desktop scanner at 1200 DPI where one pixel is less than a thousandth of an inch in size to a data set acquired by satellite where every pixel is representing a square kilometre of the Earth s surface It may be clear that if we want to use different drawings or images together in a map we will often ask the system to enlarge or reduce them in some way so their scales match up If we want to use drawings or images together in a map we will also need some way of specifying the desired geographic position of the images so that Manifold System can draw them correctly aligned together with drawings or other images in amap window Drawings are for the most part simply lists of the X Y coordinates needed to draw the objects they contain If we make a drawing on a piece of graphing paper with a fine grid we could measure the X Y coordinate of every corner point of every rectangle by counting the little boxes from the origin in the lower left corner of the paper just like we do with graphs This means that every locatio
21. technological developments which help in collecting either more accurate or new information As such this learning session does not provide exercises Rather it will provide a number of links in the internet for further readings on the tools or elaboration of cases This lesson comprises from the following elements v New developments in GPS Depth sounders and coastal zone mapping Tools for participatory data collecting Crowdmap Open Street Map Philippines Collecting data using structured questionnaires in Android CA NSN ASAS Provincial map Viewer OBJECTIVES This lesson is envisaged to give broaden one s understanding of new developments in GIS that could be useful for the data collection local planning purposes After this module the participants are expected to Contextualize usefulness of new developments with respect to GPS Gain knowledge on tools and processes for participatory mapping 1 2 3 Obtain familiarity in the use of android cell phone based tools for data collection 4 Recognize the possibilities of depth sounders for Marine Coastal Mapping 5 Appreciate the potentials of using the Provincial Map Viewer for development planning _ DURATION 2 hours EA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY PLAN Topics to be covered 1 New developments in GNSS Depth Sounders and coastal zone mapping Tools for participatory data collection Open Street Map Philippines Data collection using A
22. you will Have insight in and experience with the process of editing drawings Know how to create new drawings Know how to modify existing drawings Know tips and tricks with respect to editing Have experience with and insight in working with tabular data Oo uBR WwW N Have gained practical experience by combining these elements using realistic exercises _ DURATION 6 hours EA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY PLAN Topics to be covered 1 Editing of maps 2 Working with tabular data 3 Merging Map layers Y SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY e Presentations e Exercises e demonstrations e group discussions N lt RESOURCES NEEDED For this Session we assume that you have a working version of Manifold System installed on a computer and that you have insight in the basics of Manifold Systems presented in Session 1 Experience with the data collection as presented in Session 3 is an advantage but not necessary The necessary data for the exercises can be found on the DVD onn O Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH Existing PowerPoint and documents on Manifold GIS trainings mostly compiled by Jay ar Ragub and Jerson Sala Geerling Gertjan Draft Manifold Hands on Manual not published MANIFOLD System GIS Help MANIFOLD System GIS User manual accessed on http www georeference org doc whnjs htm Ragub Jay ar 2012 Manifold System Manual for iTAX Digital
23. 2 Note Change the projection and datum of the image to match that of the drawing layers When collecting data from sources on the internet like Google maps Yahoo Maps or Bing Maps in many cases you end up with many screen captures that need to be combined To prevent this you can use a tool like Mappuzzle where you can give coordinates of a centre point and a level of detail and it automatically gives you the Image that can be directly used It is even possible to search can even give the name of a city although that often leads to errors It looks then like this on Map Puzzle v1 2 w GPS Coordinate Service Decimal Required Degrees Minutes and Seconds Google Maps Latitude 11 24066 ES Bing Maps Microsoft Virtual Earth Longitude 125 001587 Address Tacloban City Image Settings Zoom Freset Pixels Inch Map type Map addons 17 Custom 200 Satellite Add Scale Lines Hybrid Map Color Black Height 2560 Pixels 3 Kilometer Terrain E Add X To Mark Coordinates Width 960 Pixels 3 Kilometer File Settings File Path Format en SP map Y SM SD Sh m s F png 2 Download Estimated time remaining Total number of images to download 0 Getting geographic coordinates from address using Yahoo GeoCode Done Latitude 11 24066 Longitude 125 001587 Mappuzzle can be downloaded here http www softpedia com get Multimedia Graphic Graphic Others Map Puzzle shtml The disadvantage is that Mapp
24. 2 for CFRM CLUP integration However the legal framework also gives us settings and conditions which should be applied within our GIS Please find in the following a non comprehensive overview of _ Laws Policies and Rules Please find in the following a non comprehensive overview of Laws Policies and Rules e Lands Administrative Order No 8 3 S 1936 as amended e DENR Administrative Order No 34 99 e PD 1067 Water Code RA 9397 amending RA 7279 Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992 RA 7160 LGC CLUP and LGU Zoning Ordinance RA 8368 Anti Squatting Repeal Act of 1997 dismissing all pending cases against squatting under PD 772 1975 Decree Penalizing Squatting and Similar Acts Sec 27 of RA 7279 UDHA against professional Squatters and squatting syndicates is not affected by RA 8368 RA 7279 UDHA eviction and demolition allowed if persons occupy danger areas and public places RA 7160 LGUs mandated to formulate CLUP and zoning ordinances RA 9397 amended UDHA HUDCC designs registration of qualified socialized housing program beneficiaries LGU identifies beneficiaries Lands Administrative Order No 8 3 riparian owner adjoining shore or marshy lands or lands bordering shores or banks of navigable lakes or rivers may apply for foreshore lease if such land is not needed for public service DENR AO 34 99 lessee may not assign encumber or sublet rights without prior consent of PENRO PD 106
25. 295 MapWindew MapWindow GIS Quantum GIS GIS The MapWindow GIS 4 x application is a free open source extensible geographic information system GIS that can be used in many ways e As an open source alternative desktop GIS e To distribute data to others e To develop and distribute custom spatial data analysis tools MapWindow includes standard GIS data visualization features as well as DBF attribute table editing editing and data converters Dozens of standard GIS formats are supported including Shapefiles Geo TIFF ESRI Arc Info ASCII and binary grids MapWindow is more than just a data viewer It is an extensible geographic information system This means that advanced users or developers can write plug ins to add additional functionality models special viewers hot link handlers data editors etc and pass these along to any number of the users clients and end users Quantum GIS Quantum GIS QGIS is a powerful and user friendly Open Source Geographic Information System GIS that runs on Linux Unix Mac OSX Windows and Android QGIS supports vector raster and database formats QGIS is licensed under the GNU Public License It offers For many of the advanced raster operations it is dependent on the integrated GRASS GIS Using plug ins a whole range of official and community developed extra functionality is available Customizing of QGIS is done using Python scripts Why Manifold System All softwar
26. Administrator from the context menu that pops up This will cause the Manifold System installation to be run with true Administrator privileges Launch Manifold System by right clicking on the Manifold System icon and choose Run as Administrator Suppose you have installed Manifold System by using the shortcut above Now it s time to launch Manifold System with true Administrator privileges so you can provide your serial number and optionally activate the installation The default Manifold System installation places a Manifold System program icon on your desktop With your mouse right click onto the Manifold System program icon and choose Run as Administrator from the context menu that pops up This will launch Manifold System with true Administrator privileges The Activation dialog will pop open and you can now add a serial number and optionally get an Activation key and activate Manifold System with true Administrator privileges Important If your Windows system has been altered from defaults the above shortcuts might not work In that case you ll have to use the full procedure as given at this website http www Manifold System net tech vista_admin shtml Entering the Serial Number and Activation Key All Manifold System licenses are copy protected using one of two mechanisms Authorization using a Serial number and Activation keys that locks each license to a single computer system Manifold System licenses a
27. Jp Downloads Name Date modified Type 2 Recent Places di Documents File folde di Garmin 430 2012 9 05 AM File folder Libraries E Documents a Music Pictures Videos jE Computer Local Disk C a Removable Disk F Gi Network File name eee GPS Exchange Format Open H Load From File vs ud gt Computer Removable Disk F Garmin r Organize New folder HO 17 i Downloads Name i Date modified Type 4 Recent Places DB Birdskye File folde oe J CustomMaps 12 31 2019 6 00 PM File folde Ele J CustomSymbols 12 31 2019 6 00 PM File folde ee BeData File folde g Ji Filters 12 31 2019 6 00 PM File folde Sag 4 D crx 4 24 20128 37 AM File folder i I di JPEG Type File folder Profiles Date modified 4 24 2012 8 37 AM iL Computer m Text Size 16 6 KB Folders Current Local Disk C Files BirdsEye Demo gpx Garmin Waypoints gpx a Removable Disk F it Network E Im 3 File name GPS Exchange Format he 8 Now the saved data are in this folder from the GPS unit indicating the dates being modified For example select Waypoints_24 APR 12 gpx as the latest GPS waypoint data and click OPEN button Organize New folder i Downloads Name Date modified Type E Recent Places t Current 7 18 20114 42PM File folde ha BirdsEye Demo gpx 6 16 2010 205 AM GPX File O Garmin Sit acl s 3 9 2009 7 41 AM GPX File __ 4 24 2012 11 3
28. Philippines are mapped quite well data from municipalities in the provinces is always welcome and it is a nice way to get added value out of your data by contributing to a national map OSM has quite strict conventions for adding data but also a number of tools for uploading your own data You can download data from Open Street Map using Geofabrik which compiles data from OSM and is constantly being updated every 4 5 hours Geofabrik German for geo factory extracts selects and processes free geodata for you They create shape files maps map tiles and full blown web mapping solutions Their website is at http www geofabrik de Session 11 8 5 Data collection using Android devices generation of tools that can be used for GIS data collection Since most smart T rapid growth in smart phones and android tablets has given rise to a new phones and tablets have an integrated GPS and are able to take pictures and movies on spatial data collection becomes much easier Geotagging With the increased use of Internet capable mobile devices such as the Blackberry iPhone and many android devices GeoTagging or plainly geotagging has seen a surge in popularity as well With the ability to quickly add GPS information to media smart phones make geotagging a simple task Geotagging is the process of adding location to a photo video or other media file or type This can not only help people find images and information based
29. Should mention the source of my data 11 179 Map Elements Map frame _In Manifold System this is the frame with the map that you can place in your lay out The Map frame is the actual area on your final product where the map is placed In many cases this will be an area which is separated from the other map elements but this is not always the case For instance if you are making a poster or a map for a colour magazine the map may be cover the whole page There are also instances that your final product will have more than one map frame for instance if you compare two situations Your final product will however always have at least one map frame Legend Unless the map clearly speaks for itself you may have to add a legend A legend is a small display that provides captions summarizes formats or otherwise explains what is seen in a _window or in a print layout Legends appear to float over the _ window and are always on top of other items in the window _ Legends may use simple default styles or they may consist of complex and sophisticated items Legends will often show object formats for drawings surface colours by height for surfaces thematic formats for labels if present and colours in images Although legends are part of a component like a drawing they are an accessory item like a north arrow or scale bar associated with that component and are not the same as the actual contents of the component like the points l
30. Text ANSI fixeddength l Size 30 Y 2 Type the name in this case type Name for road name Choose the Type depending on your needs in this case Text ANSI fixed length and give the expected length of the longest name Alternatively you can choose Text ANSI variable length as Type For an overview and description of all the Field types in Manifold System go to Help gt Index and type field types Press OK 4 Now the Field is added to the table you can double click on it and type to input data 5 Option to delete a column field right click on the Field name and choose Delete Calculating length and surface area of items in drawings Tables from Drawings have intrinsic fields which store basic data on the objects of that drawing These intrinsic fields are prepared by and maintained by Manifold System and as a user you cannot change edit or alter these If you want to use them in calculations then copy the field into a new one and use this new field in your calculations Length and Area are two of those intrinsic fields To show the length or area of lines or areas go to View gt Columns and click Length I in the popup window see figure below Now the Length will appear in the table The same procedure can be followed for Area I Changing values in tables can be done using the transformation toolbar through active columns and through Viewbots From all _ three options an example is given in the fo
31. _ terms of their location on our earth Using a GIS you can find do many things related to the space _ around us Find geographic features You can search a GIS database to find point line area and surface features by their descriptions or measurements and then you can measure them based on their lengths widths areas and volumes and compare sizes from one feature to another Group geographic features and define their distributions based on how much space they use how close they are to each other and where they are relative to other features Calculate all sorts of statistics on your geographic features from the simplest descriptive statistics for example mean median and mode to very complex spatial statistics in order to report on the features Find routes based on time distance or other factors You can route buses to reach the maximum number of people and use this population density information to locate stores near your customers Compare map layers You can compare the locations of features from one map layer or theme to another This powerful feature helps you overlay the layers and shows you the relative location of features from one layer to another Session 11 2 4 Confusion sometimes some confusion with respect to terms as GIS and GPS Global W hen we are talking about geographic data and planning there is Positioning System RS or Remote Sensing and CAD Computer Aided Design Some
32. a CAPOOCAN TACLOBAN CITY X Planning data P p ALANGALANG MI LGU data KANANGA Javier nee sake J Foal 107 ve MAT G OB x g PASTRANA Tanauan Planning data ORMOCLITY DAGAMI N ig DE s Ta j ey sa a Dale AV eer EM d N JAVIER Layers Hierarchy l anA BAYBAY gt MiniMap ABUYOG WA MAHAPLAGY af INOPACAN HINDANG HILONGOS Ne BATO MATALOM e All map layers have standardized legends which are as much as possible obtained through the respective owners of the data The Map Viewer is now in use in Regions 8 and 6 and will be distributed for free to interested parties The Viewer comes with a training manual and instructions on how to add data from new provinces and municipalities to the viewer For most users a training of half a day is enough to be effective in using the viewer
33. a pulse is recorded and is then used to determine the depth of water along with the speed of sound in water at the time For Coastal Zone Management purposes this is very usefull Since it gives us a relatively quick and affordable way of mapping the depth and in some cases also the type of seafloor of the coastal zones Echo sounding can also refer to hydroacoustic echo sounders defined as active sound in water sonar used to study fish In fisheries these are quite often referred to as fish finders Although it sometimes may be confusing the word sounding is used for all types of depth measurements including those that don t use sound and is unrelated in origin to the word sound in the sense of noise or tones Echo sounding is a more rapid method of measuring depth than the previous technique of lowering a sounding line until it touched bottom The depth of the water is calculated by dividing the time between sent and returned pulse by two and then multiply with the sound of speed in the water approx 1 5 km sec The signal is sent and received by a transponder which should in all cases be fully immersed in water and be placed at the stable location in the boat Generally a places in the center of the boat a stable location and out of the turbulent water from the boats screw and engine are recommended Reference water surface Transducer acoustic pulse Reflected signal Figure 9 1 Acoustic depth measure
34. and clearing the selection The last buttons on the Selection toolbar are t Disable selecting or choose how selection appear Clear selections saving Selections By opening the Selections pane using View gt Panes gt Selections you can save selections and use them later It works in table view or geographical view e Press to save the current selection e By double clicking you can apply the saved selection e By pressingL amp and click on a saved selection once you can preview a selection the selection appears in blue on the view screen Optional The Viewbots pane View gt Panes gt Viewbots 2 can be used to dynamically summarize field data from selected objects like showing the average of a particular field for the selected objects When the selection changes the viewbot automatically updates the values for the new selection This topic has been discussed in Session 4 or see Help gt Index and type viewbots for more information Manual Selections in tables Finding features by using a query thematical _When a table is open you can view selections made in a _ drawing or you can make selections in the table by clicking the area before the first column The options Edit gt Select mode gt Replace and View gt Selection filter are also available in tables Missouri BE Missouri Montana Oo Montana Nebraska Nebraska PyNevada New Hampshire Ei New Jersey o Mew Mexico Hew
35. below p 4j gt Empty Drawing Virtual Earth Satellite Image Switch on the appropriate button in the tools toolbar to create points lines or areas In the figure below the create lines and the insert lines buttons are switched on See Help gt Index and type Tool toolbars for detailed information on the functions of the buttons IRNYREEFRISTIEEFFFFIF For inserting lines the line starts at the first click At every click an additional node also called vertex is placed A right click _ ends the current line sequence For inserting areas click create areas in the Tools Toolbar Click Insert Area The Tools buttons should look like in the figure Mac HPPpx vy PPP PP P A The area is formed by subsequent clicking Right clicking finishes _ the area If CTRL is hold during the last click the area is not finished but can be continued starting with the first left click A normal right click finishes the area definitively This method can be used to create islands in areas such as in the example below Important In contrast to some other GIS software Drawings in Manifold System can contain points lines and areas polygons at the same time When such a drawing is exported to for example Manifold System shape one drawing is exported as 3 separate shape files one containing points one lines and one areas NOTES Ee essing Esc quits drawing the current object e A useful tool is auto
36. contents of this toolbar depend on what component window or map layer is active FOR DRAWINGS THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS ARE AVAILABLE ILI BLI B_I 1 MLIO O nce a drawing has been imported and opened we can change the way it Areas Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all Ha i areas in this drawing BEB Area Borders Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all area borders in this drawing While the 1 20th of a point value for border size works well for screen display it is wise to increase the thickness of area borders for printed materials since 1 20th of a point results in lines that are too thin for good visibility with most printers Lines Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all _ i lines in this drawing Points Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all Mm 30 points in this drawing e Foreground Colour The colour of solid points and lines and the foreground colour of two colour area styles or of two colour area border styles Choosing a transparent colour for foreground colour for an area will turn off display of that area This is a short cut way of turning off areas when desired e Background Colour The fill colour in most styles used for points lines areas and area borders e Style The pattern or icon used to draw points lines areas or area borders e Size The relative size to use for patterns used
37. doc whnjs htm McNamara Joel McNamara 2008 GPS for dummies Namria Website http www namria gov ph Open Street Map Philippines http www openstreetmap org Roadguide Philippines http www roasdguide ph WIKIPEDIA GPS http nl wikipedia org wiki Global_positioning_system Session 11 4 1 What is GPS system that provides location and time information in all weather anywhere on or near the earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military civil and commercial users around the world In addition GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system I Global Positioning System GPS is a space based satellite navigation The GPS system is a satellite based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U S Department of Defence GPS was originally intended for military applications but in the 1980s the government made the system available for civilian use GPS works in any weather conditions anywhere in the world 24 hours a day There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS A GPS system consists of three elements 1 The space segment consists of the satellites circling the earth and emitting signals to the earth 2 The c
38. drawing is shown quick access to menu items View gt Select mode and View gt Select objects is provided by the Selection toolbar see below If you can t find it go to Tools gt Customize and switch it on Spt e t ISIN Bese eee S Br at REFINING THE SELEGTION WITH THE MOUSE LIers pepper Selection toolbar 1 Choose your selection method M e ps pt Select Replace Replace the existing selection with whatever is now selected Select Add Add whatever is now selected to the existing selection Select Subtract Subtract whatever is now selected from the existing selection Select Invert Deselect whatever is now selected that was already in the existing selection and otherwise add what has just been selected Choose what type of objects you want to select i e areas lines points pixels in case of an image or text Which options are given depends on the active component drawing image layout Multiple selections are possible Choose how you want to select Most common are listed below for descriptions of others options see Help gt Index type Selection Toolbar Select Touch Click to select pixels like the one clicked give or take the tolerance that may be set in Tools Options I Select Shape Select objects within a region defined by a series of clicks followed by a right click I Select Box Click and drag to select items within a rectangular selection box Stop selecting
39. it the full text of the report is displayed Looking atthe map gives you an overview of where and how sexual harassment happens and an opportunity to learn more about the individual reports We also use the map to break stereotypes about where when and to whom harassment happens Our community action volunteers often bring a copy of the map with them out into their neighborhoods the map and the eye witness stories documented on it help them show that harassment does in fact happen on their very streets People are often shocked and angered when they realize how common harassment really is that it happens on their streets and to all kinds of people and that it involves everything from ogling to groping and more CATEGORY FILTER HIDE ALL CATEGORIES Mi CATCALLS NEWS PICTURES VIDEO ALL 4 I COMMENTS Mi FACIAL EXPRESSIONS BE INDECENT EXPOSURE E OGLING IE PHONE CALLS E RAPE I SEXUAL ASSAULT i SEXUAL INVITES gt EI STALKING OR FOLLOWIN EI TOUCHING Waiting for www google analytics com r http mindanews com crowdmap a website on _ irregularities in Mindanao during the 2013 Elections English US Elections 2013 Map SUBMIT A REPORT Mindanao Elections 2013 special coverage HOME REPORTS SUBMITAREPORT GETALERTS CONTACTUS a Filter Reports By gt et How to Report p ai N Zamboanga del Norte Bere deliNorte Y Teure Sultan Kudarat
40. layer in a map is active the _ViewBots pane will list all ViewBots for the active drawing s table TO CREATE A VIEWBOT 1 Open the ViewBots pane and press the New ViewBot button A new ViewBot line will be added to the ViewBots pane Double click onto the saved ViewBot fields to choose analytic functions and the scope of the ViewBot Press the Refresh button to update the results in that ViewBot if the ViewBot auto refresh option is not on in Tools Options For instance if want to calculate the average area in hectares from my selected municipalities would take the following steps In the ViewBots pane select new viewbot Add ViewBot Scope T jEr i OK Column AREA kA Operation Argument Ignore case Ignore leading and trailing whitespace Ignore interior whitespace Capton Column Operation Argument in Sco gt Autorefresh viewbot I 6 And in the new window set the correct parameters Add ViewBot m Sa Scope Selection hi OK Column area ha Argument Ignore case Ignore leading and trailing whitespace Ignore interior whitespace Caption Column Operation Argument in Sco 7 After pressing OK for every selection of municipalities the average area will be automatically calculated You can have more than one viewbot for every table ViewBots Antique_Mun Table 7 E a eo 2 x 41406015 3828125 area ha av
41. location of wells barangay hall schools etc could be based on a template structure template which contains already the field definitions you need A copy can be used for all barangays and the easily be combined into one municipal map Physically merging map layers is only necessary if you need the different layers to be into one file for instance to create a municipal map or to share the data with other GIS users who do not use Manifold System In many cases creating a map containing the different map layers is just as easy as merging the map layers Session 11 5 3 Creating New symbols Manifold System has many options to symbolize points however the symbols for point features are not that exhaustive Luckily for us it is not too difficult to make our own symbols We can use either symbols from the fonts in Windows like windings or webdings or we can create icons or find them on the internet Manifold System can use point styles from four different sources e Point styles that are built into Manifold System e Point styles that are created from True Type fonts installed in Windows e Point styles created from image files e Point styles created from custom scalable styles This topic discusses the first three methods of customizing point styles For use of custom scalable styles see the Custom Scalable Styles for Points Lines Areas and Labels topic at http www georeference org Point styles that are created from True T
42. menu Files of type located in the bottom of the window In this case SHP Files shp is selected When a drawing is opened choose what fields from the attribute table will be imported left figure Fields contain the properties of the drawing elements such as names length surface area or any database entry thinkable After the drawing has been imported it appears aS component in the project pane The drawing consists of the drawing itself and the connected table that contains the fields See Project Pane on the left in Import SHP File Figure By right clicking on the component s entry in the project pane and choosing Open or double clicking on the component the data becomes visible on the main screen Just as in normal windows the drawing can be moved and resizes using the normal window controls JW Project 1 Manifold System Eile Edit View Drawing Tools Window Help Reale ols eeel FalRAS Slo cE ROP K AY FRPP PEP PIA A ka a Project of aBr X 79 objects Drawing Local Select AI Objects x Attachto v IAI Objects Apy Selected 0 ae somes et Got 119 11 09 E 20 31 02 N Zoom Active component drawing in window In Manifold System the toolbars and available menu items vary according to what type of component is active Notice that after opening the drawing several toolbars with buttons to access functions appears and the menu items c
43. needed select the right type of protected Settlements Select containing area watershed natural park forest etc Select the settlements within this area The conflict maps that are created in this process will be _used to prepare proposed land use maps This means that you have be able to recognize the affected areas and that you will have to be able to suggest measures and proposed land use Remember that one specific area can be part of more than one land use conflict Using the attribute table you can organize these data For instance you can add columns in the table Rip_conflict riparian conflict area yes or no Cur_landuse current land use Rip_measure proposed measure intervention with respect to riparian conflict Pro landuse proposed land use after the measure has taken place You can use these fields again to make selections calculate areas etc Land USE Areas where the present land use is in conflict with one or co nflicts more of the regulations Residential Similar to the land use conflicts but restricted to residential or urban areas but with the enclosure of the upland towards area CO nflicts the coastal environment Intervention After identifying the different land use conflict areas there m ap has to be categorization since there may be redundancy of data overlay same areas containing multiple conflicts the LGU has to identify what kind of environmental intervention they need to add
44. of much used tools in the transformation toolbar e Boundaries Create lines in the shape of the periphery for each area in the target set Will create duplicate boundary lines in places where the edges of areas coincide e Bounded Areas Create areas within regions enclosed by lines in the target set e Buffers Create a buffer zone for each object extending outward by the given distance For areas this is an outer buffer zone e Clip with Intersect Use the areas in the source argument box set to cookie cutter objects in the target set and leave only those items inside the cookie cutter e Clip with Subtract Use the areas in the source argument box set to cookie cutter objects in the target set and remove those items inside the cookie cutter e Decompose Split branched objects into simple non branched objects For example a single branched area object composed of three islands will be split into three separate area objects e Explode Explode lines into multiple line objects where each line segment from the original line becomes a separate line object No effect on areas or points like naming the streets individually e Intersect lines Explode lines into multiple line objects where each line segment from the original line becomes a separate line object No effect on areas or points e Join Lines Join lines with coinciding ends into a new single line object Redistribute any data
45. of the main window it will dock again To move a toolbar just click on the small vertical bar on the left and move the toolbar When you want to dock it again drag it in next to another toolbar and drop it Remember when you close it by pressing the x in the top right corner you can open it again through the menu item Tools gt Customize Projects Manifold System s main documents are projects which use Manifold System map project file format map Manifold System Project Within Manifold System the standard Windows menu items File New File Open and File Save commands will create open and save map project files Projects contain a portfolio of components Components are images drawings tables labels charts maps and other items Project x oo 4 amp Me xX Sar _francisco e Comments Bay boundaries Drawing E Bay hydro Drawing l Bay roads Drawing fE Bay_roads Table a m sanfran tit Palette Ei San_francisco e oga Terrain A Bay Area Drawing 315 objects The Project pane Some components always have subsidiary components Whenever a drawing is added to a project a subsidiary table for the drawing will also be automatically created The table stores data fields for objects in that drawing Surfaces will be created by default with a subsidiary terrain The terrain shows the contents of the surface in a 3D window The Project Tree Names of
46. on a location but it can also be used to create location based news and media feeds by combining an application like Google Maps with geotagged blogs news articles and Flickr photos Many GIS software packages and databases also allow the _ geotagged photos to be stored and displayed on location With the geographical information embedded within the image we can show others the exact location of where a picture was taken Smart phones with built in cameras and GPS have made geotagging images a breeze If the GPS of your device is on and the geotagging mode is selected in your camera the coordinates will be automatically added to your photo or video If you have access to the EXIF info the meta information for digital photo s you can also manually add or _change the coordinate information With the decreasing price of smart phones and therefore the _ increasing availability geotagging or the later discussed ODK _can be great tools to involve individuals and communities into _ mapping their environment Session 11 8 6 Open Data Kit he rise of smart phones and tablets running under the Android Operating System gave rise to a whole new spectrum of mobile tools for collecting data using these mobile devices Apart from the ever decreasing prices and increasing capacities and availability these devices have also the advantage that most avail of GPS and a photo camera This means 4 ODK Collect gt Main Menu ODK Co Maki
47. on paper sizes bigger than our normal office printer Working with paper sizes like that we need to prepare some extra steps in order to make the print work First of all make sure that you have the correct printer installed and that your printer drivers are up to date To show you the steps you need to use we show here the example of plotting to a HP Designjet 510 42 Inches if you have another printer the details may vary but the steps are the same Printing in the plotter within Manifold System System At the start of creating your layout make sure the plotter is on or any printer you want to print at Set your page size first before finishing your lay out Do this by opening the layout and go to File gt Page Setup A window will open and click on Printer button Select hp designjet 510 42in printer and click on Properties button The hp designjet 510 42in properties window will appear Click on Custom button for a custom page size The Custom Page size window will appear and you will now input the desired custom page size Please see the Print out on the paper sizes to do this Commonly base maps will be printed in AO or A1 paper sizes Note be careful in inputting the values here If you have properly encoded the correct page size hit OK on the Custom Page Size window to close it gt hit OK on the hp designjet 510 42in properties window to close it gt hit OK on the Printer Page Setup window gt hit OK on the Manifold Sy
48. still in m are copied in the new column In the second step we will divide them by 10 000 in order to generate hectares This is done again in the transformation toolbar The advantage of using the transformation toolbar is that you do not need any programming experience However if you have many or frequent changes then you need to repeat the calculations after every change _where the active column will perform Computing using fields of tables ViewBots _ViewBots are one line analytic instruments used to dynamically compute a statistical or comparative measure over a subset of records and are extremely useful for analysing tables They are one of the most popular functions in Manifold System for experienced users When a ViewBot is _configured for a drawing s table it continues to function when the drawing has the focus For example if we configure a ViewBot to show the average _of a given field for selected items it will continue reporting the average of the selection whether or not we select items from a drawing s table or by using mouse selection commands to select objects in the drawing Turn on the ViewBots pane with a SHIFT ALT B B for ViewBots or with a View Panes ViewBots command ViewBots Antique_Mun Table _ViewBots are bound to the tables for which they were created When a _ drawing window is active the ViewBots pane will list all ViewBots created for the drawing s table When a drawing
49. the 2 layout is to be blank check the No parent box and no component will be loaded into the layout by default nE Contour line Drawing H Province_poly Drawing Mi No parent E Template Simple Entire Component 3 Open the new layout located in the project pane It should appear as an empty sheet in the window W Practical Manual Manifold Manifold System Layout File Edit View as Window Help O ca iat el E e pep a cb 30 39 0 aaa 2a Fr SI g a Contour_line Drawing 5 Contour_line Table epg Province_poly Drawing ve EE Province_poly Table B E Hectares Microsoft XPS Document Writer Selected 0 Replace Center 4 Verify paper size and other overall options are correctly specified in File gt Page Setup 5 Drag and drop components that are to appear from the project pane into the layout 6 Insert any objects such as vertical or horizontal lines text labels and north arrow using the buttons from the Tools toolbar 7 Edit the component elements in the layout to change size position views to be printed etc To resize or move press the CTRL ALT keys and click on the items using the mouse Items will appear as shown below example of Philippine map and can be moved or resized by dragging the corner blocks 8 Double click on the layout to see and change the properties of the layout The following menu will show Properties 04 Wat
50. to copy and paste the items into a new drawing I are a number of ways and a number of reasons for merging maps One of First create a new empty drawing Create drawing in the project pane and then copy those elements from existing drawings into the new drawing In order to copy these open the source drawing use Edit gt Select all or a conditional selection and then paste them into the new drawing There are two options to paste the drawing elements 1 Paste Pastes contents of the Windows Clipboard into the active component Edit 2 Paste Append appears in components such as drawings tables or comments where data may be appended onto existing text or records When copying objects from one drawing and pasting into another the Paste Objects dialog appears to allow control of how fields are pasted Select All Paste all columns Select Inverse Do not paste all current Paste As columns and paste all other columns A fast way to use all EJ but one column click Select None specify a Paste As choice for the one column not desired and then click Select Inverse column Column This column lists fields in the source drawing Paste As In order to facilitate this process it is good to make a template of the map layer you need This map layer should contain the attribute structure needed for all maps and then facilitates the work for all layers For instance for a map layer containing structures in a barangay points with the
51. to draw points lines areas and area borders Does not apply to bitmapped images used for points e Rotation Angle Allows rotating the symbols used for points to a given angle Below a short introduction is given more information can be found in the Manifold System help file look in the menu Help gt Index and type thematic formatting 1 First open a project containing a drawing or import a drawing 2 Have a look at the table and decide what Field to use Field are sometimes also called column or attribute 3 Open the drawing double click on it in the project pane 4 Locate the format toolbar see figure 2 1 below ma Em EET ETO Format Toolbar a For linking area fill colour to a Field from a table click the area background button and choose theme see figure below If you don t know what button to press just hover your mouse arrow above the buttons and wait for the description to appear b For linking a line colour to a Field click the line foreground button This can be useful for assigning colours to contour lines elevation lines gt Format 8 EO Bm WE mO LLLI Emmek Tan BeBe eocooo SL mi ii L imi fmin O ET O O O O E O E oO BBELIDOBE BUUSBBEEB OBBOUSB BOOOSODUG UOBUBEBBE BOUSGEEL mi mimi f 1m BUOUOBEE BBODODBBE BBEBBEBEND E O o 0O O O DOOBOBEBEN _ BEHROOOUOBERE ES gt BREE REE ES v nemen Mor eA Selecti
52. type in the Save as type list box and specify a name 5 Press save Important In contrast to some other GIS software Drawings in Manifold System can contain points lines and areas polygons at the same time When such a drawing is exported to for example Manifold System shape one drawing is exported as 3 separate shape files one containing points one lines and one areas Session 11 3 4 Create overlays of components Images Drawings Map windows are the most frequently used windows in Manifold System A map is a projected view that contains layers Each layer is a separate drawing image surface or labels component Maps are the only view windows in Manifold System with layers They are used to see drawings images surfaces and labels components in combined layered views Creating a We can create a new map using whatever source materials we New Map like 1 Create a new project using File gt New This opens a project view window Using File gt Import import any drawings or other components into the project the new map will use Create a new map in the project using File gt Create gt Map We must specify the name of at least one drawing or image this map will use In the Create Map dialog check all the drawings or images from the project you would like to appear in this map Double click on the new map in the project view window to open it in a map view Drag and drop any additional component
53. use and development planning plays a critical role in the development and implementation of Sustainable Integrated Management and Planning of Local Government Ecosystems SIMPLE From the creation and establishment of the Trainer Pool up to the management and implementation of the zoning ordinance and annual investment plan and budget physical and development planning figures prominently from both ends of the planning and management spectrum clearly indicating the importance of this tool in the context of the local planning and development process The formation of the provincial trainer pool for instance involves the enhancement of knowledge and skills of selected key individuals and even institutions in the areas of land and water use and development planning including such cross cutting issues as climate change protected area management conflicts and disaster risks to name a few This intends to build up capacities of the trainer pool as a technical service provider for municipalities and cities relative to the implementation of the SIMPLE planning framework Undertaking a land use and development planning initiative requires however an intensive use of Geographic Information System GIS as a tool for processing varied forms of spatial and planning information While SIMPLE heavily employs participatory approaches and processes in most stages of the planning framework it still depends on computer based information system to be able to gather
54. which is defined in the legend they can easily be georegistered them For practical use it may _ be wise to use a photo editing program to cut off the borders _ of the map so that only the actual map areas remain Natural Hazards DENR Mines and Geosciences Bureau The DENR MGB as steward of the country s mineral resources is committed to the promotion of sustainable mineral resources development aware of its contribution to national economic growth and countryside community development The DENR MGB is maintaining a GIS based website where a number of natural hazard maps for the whole country http gdis denr gov ph mgbviewer can be _ reviewed Below are the Maps that are included in the Geological Database Information System and the Layers that are included in each Barangay Point o Barangay Points Index o 1 50 000 scale Geohazard Map Index o 1 50 000 scale Geological Map Index Index Labels o Geohazard Map Index Labels o Geological Map Index Labels Geohazard o Flooding o Landslides Geology o Geological Map of the Philippines o Drains o Roads o Shoreline o Water bodies o Mining Tenement Map o Mineral Resources From the MGB viewer manual http gdis denr gov ph mgbviewer MapViewerManual aspx The Maps can be downloaded but as a bitmap or image and for use in GIS these needs to be georegistered and then traced It is advisable to contact your regional MGB office first to see if
55. while in the Compass page Map page or Satellite page press Menu gt Stop Navigation Doing a GPS after HLURB Cookbook at Survey http www cookbook hlurb gov ph Know your receiver A GPS receiver is a new device for many people and you should familiarize yourself with it This can save time resolve problems in operation and prevent accidental data loss Read the manual Know the specifications of the GPS model set up functions usage and the limitations of the gadget Find out what operations would result in data loss reset delete clear track records etc in order to prevent accidental data loss Take time to practice using the receiver before conducting an actual survey Practice set up procedures data collection transfer and deletion Observe battery life of the GPS receiver This is important in planning the survey and in case there are no available spare batteries for the unit Plan the survey A GPS survey will consume time and resources gasoline for the vehicle manpower etc Here are some things to do in planning the survey 1 Prepare a map of the area to be surveyed and have it printed in a size that can be easy to write on and read while in a moving car or outside the field 2 Find source persons local guides or coordinate with the LGU for the places to be surveyed if you are not familiar with the places and plan the survey routes on the map together 3 If working in teams assign whi
56. 100 pixels in longest dimension Click on Open button and instantly the software will merge stitch the scans together This will take a while in merging the scans together depending on your computer s performance 2 After the process a new file will be displayed in the screen Note that this is not yet permanently saved please save this merged image so you can access it later in other applications Otherwise repeat the process of Merging Stitching In the Export portion set the slider bar to 100 so that the image quality will remain as how it has been scanned 3 Save the new merged image by clicking the Export to Disk button located in the right portion of the Microsoft ICE window Session 11 4 5 Data sources in the Philippines quality data is big hindrance for the further development of the field This F ven though the use of GIS is growing strongly in the Philippines lack of means that in almost all cases a GIS project starts with the collection and processing of the data Many of the data that are needed for a CLUP need to come from different Government Agencies and more often than not more than one trip to these Agencies is needed to collect the relevant data For this reason it is important to have knowledge of those agencies where GIS data can be obtained GIS data The succeeding discussion will give a short introduction to those organizations but we would like to emphasize that the GIS field is growing fast a
57. 2 AM GPX File Libraries Documents a Music amp Pictures Type GPX File Saeed o gt ie Videos siz av Date modified 4 24 2012 11 32 AM 1 Computer amp Local Disk C a Removable Disk F Network File name Waypoints_24 APR 12 gpx File Edit GPS Waypoint Track Route RealTime Help gamin GPSMAP 78s Software Version 300 ident Latitude Longitude WAYPOINT 00 14 644026 121 038158 1619869 08884152 288706208137367 Wer um ma ns mann uam um mass EL zus nz SE 1 0 e Click File again Save To File E DNR GPS Help 1619969 08984152 288706 208137367 7 TRIESTE BOSTON 1 1 e The Save to File window will appear navigate to the desired directory for Saving from gpx converted to shape file data Then put a File name e g GPS Data_April242012_Waypoints and the Save as type must be ESRI Shape file Click Save button E DNR GPS le x B Save To File Ka je Local Disk C Advanced GIS Shapefiles p Search Shapefiles p O Zee i TE HE ied Name Date modified Type Libraries 7 i Er 3954 2 Sta Rita_ges 7 2 201212 27 AM File folder De RG 7 2 2012 12 27 AM File fold A Music 1 Jy HE TOMEr region vi shapefiles 7 2 2012 12 27 AM File folder Pictures E vi 3954 2br_sta rita_clipcontours shp 6 17 2010 9 54 AM HP File 3954 2br_sta rita_edit shp 9 11 2006 1 54 AM SHP File BLLM 1 Point shp 6 15 2010 6 25PM SHP File Leyte P
58. 7 Water Code no person allowed to stay in banks of rivers and streams shores of lakes and seas within 3 meters if urban within 20 meters if agricultural and within 40 meters if forest Based on RA 7279 UDHA subject to summary eviction are new squatter families whose structures were built after the effectivity of RA 7279 and Squatters identified by the LGU in cooperation with the PCUP and accredited urban poor organizations Eviction and demolition allowed if persons or entities occupy danger areas such as esteros railroad tracks garbage dumps riverbanks shorelines waterways and other public places such as sidewalks roads parks and playgrounds 11 163 Forest Land Use The following table is provided by Provincial P Forestland Assistance Team PFAT in September ans 2012 Stipulation Two main categories of forestlands PROTECTION an PRODUCTION Protection Stipulation Area Slopes steeper than 50 Slopes steeper than 50 Above 1 000m as DAO 1995 15 Protection Forest forestlands outside NIPAS obtained essentially for their Section 3 beneficial influence on soil and water in particular and the environment in Definition of general These are areas above 50 in slope and more than 1 000 meters in aon elevation Includes the critical watersheds mossy forest strips of specified width bordering rivers streams shoreline and reservoir and steep rocky areas and other naturally unproductive land
59. 9 es 7 6 ee gt Den P Pa amp 4 s pe on 15X 40 OM ii N a na 2 j ise ne a3 BY SCALE CENTER OF amora a a BRM Nol v Ai l Ps c m 88x40 OM X x D 2 gt Ta i o 7 A a Q x z mang Q 0 io I Rs s ra CEN aise yy nad nat era a INC MONE i E u o b LT P a f j Y Fi s x at pe I s3 p x we t f gt oe Tar f re i A i 43 r ik KEN a E u ht i Ab s aes 4 A W x Pe Ta T Rk Ga N D pape RAR a gr p goNET sR i x A NTOUs i 3 s aneche O er a B I x Db S Sg 2 SEG a lt Ks sisht or LS 2 punast u OA N Bir AN X P HL Im mi Selen u x x NC me FR x A Pr ae fe yo o f f ata oe f S t A F f i age se o N PE i Re 2 I N T 7 i AE az Z 38M Ne Ha i e zr A EN 5 ys Ci M z oN qv Ve gt BF f S Orci i RA Ve TE f aiher is n 5 Si S So ES ae ie ET BARANGAY BOUNDARY amp INDEX MAP lt adi N so oF G lt i i ive Ca x 9 i gt DET Ve Ka 9 CADIQI7 D CASE 10 gt SS ES s MAYORGA CADASTRE 09 2 ar ee SITUATED IN THE 4 TR ar vera mung BARANGAY OF BONIFACIO K z We hans Sensis MUNICIPALITY OF MAYORGA rig Se PROVINCE OF LEYTE PEN OD ISLAND OF LEYTE a fe t 3 For the stitching you may use the procedures mentioned in the sideline in the session on georeferencing 4 Use the coordinates on the map for geo registering the map Since the map may be old folded and maybe deformed due to weather sto
60. D e Laptop desktop computer LCD projector and screen e Hand outs and photocopies of printed materials and documents Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board 2007 CLUP GIS Guidebook A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Data Management Quezon City Yeh Anthony GarOn 2008 GIS as a Planning Support System for the Planning of Harmonious Cities Nairobi Kenya UN Habitat Chang Kang Tsung 2006 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems McGraw Hill Higher Education Demers Michael M 2009 GIS for dummies ESRI Inc 1997 Understanding GIS The ARC INFO Method Version 7 1 for UNIX and Windows NT Environmental Systems Research Institute Sutton T O Dassau M Sutton 2009 A Gentle Introduction to GIS Chief Directorate Spatial Planning amp Information Department of Land Affairs Eastern Cape South Africa Downloadable from QGIS org Galido Isorena Trina 2009 Mapping Guidebook 1 Guidelines in Preparing and Analyzing Maps for Forest Land Use Plan Published with assistance from the American people through the U S Agency for International Development s USAID Philippine Environmental Governance EcoGov project Wikipedia Geographic Information System http en wikipedia org wiki Geographic_information_system Module 11 Session 11 2 What is Geographic Information System GIS OVERVIEW This Session will give you a theoretical background of
61. Do this for each extension that you have If you have licensed Universal Edition or Ultimate Edition all three extensions get turned on automatically when you activate your main Manifold System serial number No need to use the Help Activate Extension dialog with Universal Edition or Ultimate Edition Important Manifold System is licensed for use on one machine at a time You get five Activation keys per serial number to allow re installs if necessary not to allow simultaneous use on five machines Don t waste Activation keys Read this entire topic carefully for tips on getting the most out of your license If any problem is encounterd please refer to this webpage http www Manifold System net tech activation_troubleshooting shtml Session 11 3 2 The user interface After starting the MANIFOLD SYSTEM either from the desktop computer or through start gt all programs gt Manifold System systems gt Manifold System 8 xxx where xxx stands for the version number of your Manifold System License the start up screen will appear as shown below 3 The menu bar shows the The name bar which also shows the name of the project you are working with available menu items for your project The amount of menu items and which items are shown at a specific moment is dependent on your Manifold System version and with what kind of data or activities you are working The menu will only show the options that are
62. GGESTED METHODOLOGY e Presentations e Demonstrations e Exercises e Group Discussions N lt RESOURCES NEEDED A basic understanding of GIS and GIS data and awareness of the basic operations in Manifold GIS Lae Chang Kang Tsung 2006 Introduction to Geographic Information Systems McGraw Hill Higher Education de Smith Goodchild Longley 2013 Geospatial Analysis A comprehensive guide http www spatialanalysisonline com HTML index html Geerling Gertjan Draft Manifold Hands on Manual not published MANIFOLD System GIS Help MANIFOLD System GIS User manual accessed on http www georeference org doc whnjs htm Pakes Ubo GIS analysis PowerPoint and Training materials GIS tailor made Inc Session 11 6 1 Queries This Lesson deals with querying data from a GIS database Queries Introduction represent processes of selecting information from a GIS database by asking questions Queries can be divided into geometric thematic and topologic queries e Geometric queries are based on location for example how many buildings are located within 5 km from the road Here the key factor is within 5 km indication a geometric question e Thematic queries are based on attributes of the spatial data like what is the average age of people in each province The drawing provinces should contain attribute data on average age in its table e Topologi
63. GIS and therefore you may call this GIS minus the computer This background will help you in better understanding the concepts of GIS and by that you will be able to use the system to it full capacities Since you will not be using the computer for now there will be no difficulty as in having to know and remember specific commands and instructions from the software There will be exercises that will focus on the core principles of GIS that when taken apart and discussed one by one are actually not that complex If you have an understanding of these principles then it will be easier for you to design your own GIS analysis and know what you can do and what you cannot do with your data This Session will start with a short introduction on what GIS is and will continue with the different elements of GIS At the end of the session the participants are able to describe a GIS in conceptual terms and can define the different elements of GIS describe the difference between confusing terms such as GIS GPS CAD and RS draw insight in the most important data types in GIS obtain insight in some of the most used GIS packages gain insight in possible uses of GIS in LGU s worldwide know how a GIS works through the layer model describe the most important data types of GIS data raster vector surface image ONO MR WN 3 know the difference between geographic and attribute data and have knowledge on the importance of the connec
64. Google Earth SubmissionDate Thu Jan 19 06 58 21 UTC 2012 Report_data Surveyor Pakes ubo Report_data Date Thu Dec 01 00 00 00 UTC 2011 Family Fam_name De la cruz Family Fam_size 6 Family Fam_girls 4 Family fam_income 30000 Family Fam_bread mother House_details location Latitude 10 326058568752766 House_details location Longitude 123 89633576753613 House_details location Altitude 185 0 House_details location Accuracy 10 0 image 2012 DigitalGlobe 2012 Google Er une 25580 ODK AGGREG E32 Adobe Re H Total Comman Microsoft Pow GY C wINDOWS Google Earth Si Screen Grab P PO OO QL 11 56 Our experiences with Open Data Kit are good New users are able to conduct structured surveys using tablets with only a minimum of training Also the training for system administrators for designing questionnaires and managing the web pages takes only a day or so After a short training Lapu lapu City is now using android tablets for monitoring cases of dengue monitoring potholes and access times and obstacles to fires http news lapulapucity gov ph fire reporting using android tablets Ten teams with a tablet are expected to map all business establishments in the city over 10 000 in under two months time putting all locations on a map as part of a GIS supported Business Permit L
65. Hampshire Mew Jersey Mew Mexico Sorting attributes By sorting an attribute table you can list the features in order _ of importance 1 In the attribute table right click the name of the field attribute you wish to sort the attribute values 2 Click the Sort Ascending or Sort Descending button to sort the attribute values Queries are used to find features according to their attributes in order to discover which features meet particular criteria A query expression is a precise definition of what you want to select Building a query expression is a powerful way to select features because an expression can include multiple attributes operators and calculations Before building the query you have to specify the query criteria The Query toolbar Using the Query toolbar you can build simple queries see figure below If you cannot find the Query toolbar go to _Tools gt Customize and activate the Query toolbar HOW TO OPERATE THE QUERY TOOLBAR For a description of the complete list of operators see Help gt Index and type Query toolbar The available operators vary with the type of component you have opened Drawing Table _or Image Surface Some examples are given below TOP operator By using Area I as Field the Top as operator and for example 5 as argument you get the top 5 of areas The Matching Containing Match Ending with Match and Starting with Match operators use Visual Basic style r
66. Insert Box Create a rectangular box with a click and a drag Boxes have foreground and background colour and line thickness that can be set by selecting the box and using the format toolbar Default line size is 1 20th of a point You can change the line thickness and colour of the after selecting the line in the format toolbar Insert Box on Center Create a rectangular box centered on initial mouse click Default line size is 1 20th of a point You can change the line thickness and colour of the after selecting the line in the format toolbar A Insert Text Add a text box such as a caption copyright notice or title to the layout Click on the text box to select it and then use the format toolbar to format the text Double click a text box in the layout to edit the text it contains Edit Text 2 HJ Component Date and Time M Trim numbers to 2 decimal digits ox cana As you can see from the menu you have options for standard pre set texts but you can also enter your own texts You can change the text and the text box properties in the format toolbar when you select the text box Insert Legend Add a legend to the layout based upon a component used in the layout Inserting a legend will raise a dialog asking upon which component the item is to be based If the layout does not contain any components for which a legend can be created these buttons will be disabled Double clicking on the legend sh
67. LOR RGB VALUE faster e fs Je m en e ep Bc CC ran e e an e ep an ew e pep o ame o je fe fe 13 an p ea ese e fas mint an jan Tin ae wem pw sep vee w pe metas o jan a a O v rn a fe fa wee oe e cc 11 176 _The colour coding in the table above is the one that is used in the development of the provincial Map Viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte It deviates from the official HLURB coding by the fact that we have chosen the colour grey for dumpsites and black for cemeteries where the HLURB is not giving colours for those land uses The land use reclamation area is only to be used for newly reclaimed areas for which no land use is proposed yet As soon as a land use is proposed or if it _is already in use then the matching land use class should be used If you can avail of real property data in GIS format from iTAX or another GIS based system then you also have information on the land use as indicated in the taxation info In that case we suggest that you use the same colour coding as presented here for the CLUP Water uses For water uses HLURB is also giving colour standards which are colored blue as in 5 3 1 with a hatch pattern For the _ provincial Map Viewer this has been adapted to the following code description 3 Wetland 4 Sea grass area 5 Coral Reef 6 Fish Sanctuary 7 Nipa 8 Tourism 9 Fish cages 10 Seawe
68. Manifold System programs and switch between them More details on the project components will be given in the following paragraph The button bar adds functionality which is sensitive to the context where you are working with The amount and which buttons show is therefore variable and different if you are working with layers tables etc You can influence which button bars are shown using the menu option tools customize 6 System Activity Indicator The System Activity indicator in the Status bar at the lower right hand of the screen changes shape whenever Manifold System is busy executing a command When the system is busy it will show a 3D bump If desired un checking the Quiet system activity indicator in the Tools Options User Interface page will change the indicator to use colors Hint Sometimes you don t need all the panes but you would like to have more space to work with the layers or tables In that case Manifold System GIS has the option for View Full Screen Display main Manifold System window using the entire monitor screen eliminating the title bar and menu bar Press F11 to enter full screen mode Press F11 again to exit full screen mode If toolbars are hidden using Tools Customize and a window is maximized the result is a full screen display The Help function The help function is very important to be able to work with Manifold System and many other GIS packages have such a vas
69. Parcellary Mapping Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH http www methodfinder net Yexample87 1 html Module 11 Session 11 5 1 Editing of maps the pixels of an image as a guide we can trace over the image and create points lines and areas in a drawing The tracing process is like laying a sheet of tracing paper onto a photograph and then drawing lines with a pen to outline what is seen in the photo The photo image is thus converted into a line drawing To trace an image we use a map where the drawing layer in which objects are created appears about the image layer We can then see both the drawing as well as the image being traced There are two main methods of tracing within Manifold System IT or digitizing is the process of creating drawings from images By using e Freehand Tracing At any time we can draw points lines and areas freehand using the pixels within an image as a guide e Tracing Tools Tracing tools use pixels in the image layer as a guide to create objects in the drawing layer semi automatically For example the Trace Point command will create a point at the centre of a pixel cloud When tracing an image we will usually use a combination of the above methods When working with compressed images we can use freehand tracing only since compressed images do not allow any manipulation as is necessary with tracing tools In a GIS we see a MAP as a combination of a table with
70. SI 1 47 1 57 113 TIBIAO TIBIAO 1 62 0 076 230 BUGASONG BUGASONG 1 27 1 43 5 b m gt 4 N un Select lt Columns that are borrowed from another table will appear in the table with grey background colour to indicate they are imported They may be used like any other column for example for sorting filtering or within formulas or thematic formatting Tables may have more than one relation with more than one other table If you want to edit a grey column or unlink the relation just right click on the column and Flatten All or Flatten on a specific field A 4 Hint If you did a GPS survey and have entered a lot of data in your field notes about all the waypoints then this process is an easy way of adding that info to your GIS data Just make sure that you encode your field notes into excel and that you have a matching id between the waypoints and your data Also do not use any layout options in your excel data since this usually complicates issues Good practise is to have the records waypoints in rows and the attribute data in columns The first row is then reserved for the name of the field For more information see Help gt Index and type relations Session 11 5 2 Merging Map layers the most obvious of these reasons may be the fact that our CLUP is based on maps from all the barangays In order to make a municipal map we have to combine these maps into one new map The easiest way to do this is
71. Table Part of the Selection operators in Transform toolbar except network based selections Select all objects in the target set that are adjacent to any object in the T Select Adjacent to source argument box set Objects are adjacent if they have one or more boundary coordinates in common with no other overlaps Select Contained Select all objects in the target set that are entirely contained within an within object in the source argument box set Select Containing Select all objects in the target set that completely contain any object in T the source argument box set Select all objects in the target set that intersect any object in the source argument box set Objects intersect if they have any parts in common excluding intersections consisting of common boundary coordinates only Slack Line Gaveraae Select a minimal set of lines so that each line From the source set T J touches at least one line from the result set Select all objects in the target set that touch any object in the source T Select Touching argument box set Objects touch if they either intersect or are adjacent to each other T Select Intersecting Select a minimal set of points so that each point from the source set is within the given distance in the drawing s native measurement units to at least one point of the result set Select Euclidean Point Some examples of use Select adjacent to Suppose you work for a city council that wants to infor
72. Understanding GIS and Its Role in Land Use and Development Planning u ut OVERVIEW The increasing use and application of Geographic Information Systems GIS in the field of Land Use and Development Planning emanates from the need to have better and more reliable information for informed decision making Planning in whatever form scale and dimension undertaken requires a significant amount of data and information to support the analysis of the existing situation formulate development goals objectives and targets and identify evaluate and select spatial strategies In addition land use and development planning also covers other critical aspects aside from the usual plan formulation making and these include general development administration and development control and management These aspects of physical and development planning requires a specific mechanism that would allow for the effective processing analysis and visual presentation of information to facilitate active discussions with stakeholders and guide officials in making policy decisions These mechanisms fall within the ambit of GIS GIS is considered as one of those formalized computer based information systems that has the inherent capability to process a multitude of data from various sources in order to provide strategic information for decision making OBJECTIVES By the end of this session the participants shall be able to i Understand the rat
73. Vector data is also easier to handle on a computer because it has fewer data items and it is more flexible to be adjusted for different scale for example a projection system in mapping application This makes vector data structure the apparent choice for most mapping applications For many data entry processes scanning Remote Sensing etc raster data are the prime solution so in a GIS we have to work with both Point The first thing you need to realize when talking about point features is that what you describe as a point in GIS is a matter of opinion and often dependent on scale Let s look at cities for example If you have a small scale map which covers a large area it makes sense to represent a city using a point feature However as you Zoom in to the map moving towards a larger scale it makes more sense to show the city limits as a polygon which has an area When you choose to use points to represent a feature is mostly a matter of scale how far away are you from the feature convenience it takes less time and effort to create point features than polygon features and the type of feature some things like electricity posts just don t make sense to be stored as polygons polygon NN BE As shown in the Illustration above a point feature has an X Y and optionally Z value The X and Y values will depend on the Coordinate Reference System CRS being used You are going to go into more detail about Coordina
74. a is called a projection Geographic projections are a way of showing the curved surface of the Earth on a flat surface like a piece of paper or a computer monitor Imagine we make a globe out of a flexible material with a world map painted onto the material Now let s cut the material and try to flatten it If you ve ever tried to flatten a deflated ball you know this is not possible to do without stretching the flexible material in some areas and compressing it in others If we deform the peeled skin of our atlas globe in this way to make it flat we will end up changing the shape of continents and other items illustrated in our world map The earth as a globe peeled to present as a flat area from nonprofitgis org There is no single way of projecting the curved surface of the Earth onto a flat sheet that does not cause some distortion and there is no one projection that is suitable for all purposes for which people use maps However for virtually every usage there are projections that minimize distortions of importance for that task For example if one needs to measure areas in a flat map there are projections that will guarantee the area contained by various shapes is correct even if the shapes of the objects shown appear quite differently than they do on a globe Other projections do a good job of showing continents in a shape similar to that seen on a globe even though they do not allow for accurate measurement of areas Any sha
75. a map One of the most used formats for this is the shape file While the term shapefile is quite common a shapefile is actually a set of several files Three individual files are mandatory to store the core data that comprises a shapefile shp shx dbf and other extensions on a common prefix name e g lakes The actual shapefile relates specifically to files with the shp extension but alone is incomplete for distribution as the other supporting files are required There are a further eight optional files which store primarily index data to improve performance Each individual file should conform to the MS DOS 8 3 filename convention 8 character filename prefix period 3 character filename suffix such as shapefil shp in order to be compatible with past applications that handle shapefiles though many recent software applications accept files with longer names For this same reason all files should be located in the same folder Continue next page Mandatory files e shp shape format the feature geometry itself e shx shape index format a positional index of the feature geometry to allow seeking forwards and backwards quickly e dbf attribute format columnar attributes for each shape in dBase IV format e Optional files e prj projection format the coordinate system and projection information a plain text file describing the projection using well known text format
76. a terrace and year of construction as attributes of interest were chosen Just as easily any of the following could have been chosen e number of levels e number of rooms e number of occupants e type of house row house city house bahay kubo etc e market value of the property e area of floor space in the house e andsoon With so many options available how does one make a good choice as to what attributes are needed for a feature It usually boils down to what you plan to do with the data If you want to produce a colour coded map showing houses by age it will make sense to have a Year Built attribute for your feature If you know for sure you will never use this type of map it is better to not store the information Collecting and storing unnecessary information is not efficient because of the cost and the time that is required to research and capture the information Very often vector data is obtained from companies friends or the government In these cases it is usually not possible to request specific attributes and one has to make do with what is available In a GIS the table is always stored in a database which can be relatively simple to very complex The advantage of this is that items in the table can be used to design the colours and look and feel of the map layer Alternatively one can also select a geographic element on the map and study the records of the database You can also do this in reverse select spec
77. al abilities to distinguish and interpret colors patterns and spatial relationships When you display your data on a map you will see distributions relationships and trends that you did not see before Your maps will help you make decisions and solve problems They will also help to communicate your information and results more effectively to others Choosing how to represent your data on a map may well be your most important map making decision Symbolizing your data involves choosing the colors and symbols that will represent features It also involves grouping or classifying features according to their attribute values Symbolization is a powerful tool for exploring understanding and analyzing your data Laying out and printing maps You ve displayed your data in a data frame You ve chosen the symbology you want to use and you ve labelled your data frame with the information you want to include Now you want to print it out with a title scale bar legend north arrow descriptive text and some other graphics like neat lines To do this you have to create a layout _A layout lets you assemble all the components you want to appear in a map arrange them together to get the design you want and then print it out when it s ready Layouts make it easy to produce presentation quality maps with Arc map You can place more than one data frame onto your layout along _with any of the charts and tables in your Arc map document If
78. amp r X 2 c a Province_poly Drawing E Province_poly Table RGB Color 3139 x 6173 pixels Toolbars are small windows that contain buttons linked to tools Depending on what type of data window is active like drawings tables or images different toolbars are visible Examples of toolbars are shown below Navigation ala QQ E S r Examples of toolbars To show or hide panes and toolbars you can go to menu item Tools gt Customize Here you can select which panes and toolbars are shown see figure above You can select and deselect items to let them appear and disappear just try The functions of the different panes and toolbars will be gradually explained throughout this manual Customize Toolbars E Call Stack E Alignment E Control Points a E Edit F Errors E Format L GPS Console Main FM History Navigation E Info Query E Layers Selection E Notes Snap E Review Tools Advanced inactive E Selections Tracing inactive a 7 Project Tools 7 7 The customize windows from the Tools gt Customize menu All panes and toolbars can be docked or floating Figure above shows docked to the sides and floating panes and toolbars To move a pane drag it by clicking on or just next to its name you will see the mouse pointer change into an arrowed cross When dropped in the middle or outside the main window it will float When dropped close to an edge
79. and thus affect accuracy The most important are e lonosphere and troposphere delays The satellite signal slows as it passes through the atmosphere The GPS system uses a built in model that calculates an average amount of delay to partially correct for this type of error e Signal multipath This occurs when the GPS signal is reflected off objects such as tall buildings or large rock surfaces before it reaches the receiver This increases the travel time of the signal thereby causing errors e Receiver clock errors A receiver s built in clock is not as accurate as the atomic clocks on board the GPS satellites Therefore it may have slight timing errors e Orbital errors Also known as ephemeris errors these are inaccuracies of the satellite s reported location e Number of satellites visible The more satellites a GPS receiver can see the better the accuracy Buildings terrain electronic interference or sometimes even dense foliage can block signal reception causing position errors or possibly no position reading at all GPS units typically will not work indoors underwater or underground e Satellite geometry shading This refers to the relative position of the satellites at any given time Ideal satellite geometry exists when the satellites are located at wide angles relative to each other Poor geometry results when the satellites are located in a line or in a tight grouping vr Satellite directly overhead which trie
80. antage of GLONASS with up to 2 meter of accuracy GPS GLONASS allow your device to be pin pointed by a group of 55 satellites all across the globe So when you are in a place where GPS signals are stuck like between huge buildings or subways you will be tracked by GLONASS satellites accurately Some modern receivers are able to use both GLONASS and Beidou GPS satellites together providing greatly improved coverage in urban canyons and giving a very fast time to fix due to over 50 satellites being available In indoor urban canyon or mountainous areas accuracy can be greatly improved over using GPS alone Actions were undertaken to expand GLONASS s constellation and to improve the ground segment in order to increase the navigation definition of GLONASS to an accuracy of 2 8 m by 2011 In particular the latest satellite design GLONASS K has the ability to double the system s accuracy once introduced The system s ground segment is also to undergo _ improvements Where the previous systems operate with satellites that are circling the earth and therefore maintain a worldwide coverage the Chinese Beidou system works differently It has _a limited number of 4 satellites in a stationary orbit or fixes position This limits the costs of the GPS system but also limits the area of coverage see figure Also the calculation of the location is done differently _A signal is transmitted skyward by a remote terminal and this is re
81. art from the projection we also need a Datum in our GIS to make sure our maps are an accurate representation of the world While a projection is used in mapping to define the earth on a flat surface a datum is used to describe the actual shape of the earth in mathematical terms Datums in the Philippines Where the projection describes the way the round earth is transformed on a flat or two dimensional medium these _ parameters are valid for the whole earth or large parts of it In order to make this model fit better to the real world at a specific location we need to add detail and this is done using a datum A datum is a model of the earth that is used in _ mapping The datum consists of a series of numbers that _ define the shape and size of the ellipsoid and it s orientation _in space A datum is chosen to give the best possible fit to the true shape of the Earth There are a large number of datum in use Many of them are optimized for use in one particular part of the world An example familiar to GPS users is the WGS 84 datum WGS 84 is an example of a datum that is used globally but there are many locally or nationwide used datums as well Latitude and longitude are commonly used to refer to a specific location on the surface of the Earth It is important to keep in mind that latitude and longitude are always specified in terms of a datum The latitude and longitude of your current position are different for different datums
82. as Lines and Points Additionally the snapping can be limited to segments and selection Once the Edit gt Snap to menu is activated the Snap Toolbar appears Facilitating access to the tools gt M late ee Example of use In the practise of digitizing long lines you may want to continue a line exactly at the same spot the last one ends We use snap to lines and snap to segments as can be seen in the figure above Turn on snapping of lines through Edit gt Snap to gt Lines In the toolbar click on snap to segments Now the cursor is fixed to the closest line moving the mouse results in a moving cursor along the line See figure When we click the new line will start on the old line To move beyond the old line we can press SPACE to turn Snapping off temporarily Pressing SPACE again turns Snapping on if we want to continue another line later More information in the help file Help gt Index gt type snap to Attributes and Tables Table show data organized into rows and columns Every record _is linked to an element in the drawing and every field describes a specific part of that element Every row in a table is a record Every column in a table is a field We will use the words row and record interchangeably We will also use the words column and field interchangeably Column and Fields of _ drawings describe attributes of that drawing such as the length or area of features names
83. at it also has options for indoor navigation something that is not possible with the traditional GPS GLONASS or acronym for Globalnaya navigatsionnaya _ sputnikovaya sistema Global Navigation Satellite System in English is a space based satellite navigation system operated by the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces It both complements and provides an alternative to the United States Global Positioning System GPS and is the only alternative navigational system in operation with global coverage and of comparable precision The development of _GLONASS began in the Soviet Union in 1976 Beginning on 12 October 1982 numerous rocket launches added satellites to the system until the constellation was completed in 1995 During the 2000s the restoration of the system was made a top government priority and funding was substantially increased By 2010 GLONASS had achieved 100 coverage of Russia s territory and in October 2011 the full orbital constellation of 24 satellites was restored enabling full global coverage The _GLONASS satellites designs have undergone several upgrades with the latest version being GLONASS K There is no clear advantage other than accuracy over GPS When used alone GLONASS doesn t have that strong coverage as GPS has but when both used together certainly increases accuracy with _coverage And it is more useful in northern latitudes as Russia started GLONASS originally for Russia The accuracy is an adv
84. at were last paved with concrete and highlight them in the drawing You could automatically calculate our costs for different time periods when paving will be necessary in the future Once the system has a handle on both visual appearance and shape location and database information the possibilities are virtually endless A GIS can work with many different maps Just as you can use Microsoft Office Word to open any document in a file format understood by Word you can use GIS to open maps saved in any file format understood by the GIS You can create our own maps and you can save them for later use or you can use maps created by others This is a very good thing since the whole process of creating maps from scratch can be a big and expensive project In many cases you will find that the maps you need may exist somewhere else in the internet or with other organizations You can then use GIS to change that map format it with the standard colours add new features combine it with other maps or cut and paste features from the map into other maps Editing and cutting and pasting are a lot easier than creating something from scratch An atlas is a collection of maps usually of the earth or a region of earth and they are usually into book form but today many atlases are in multimedia formats as well In addition to presenting geographic features and political boundaries many atlases often feature geopolitical social religious and economic stat
85. ations you can set these special rules for a feature type e g roads and the GIS will ensure that these lines always comply with these rules If a curved line has very large distances between vertices it may appear angular or jagged depending on the scale at which it is viewed see the figure below Because of this it is important that lines are digitized captured into the computer with distances between vertices that are small enough for the scale at which you want to use the data The attributes of a line describe its properties or characteristics For example a road line may have attributes that describe whether it is surfaced with concrete or asphalt how many lanes it has whether it is a one way street and so on Manifold System can use these attributes to display the line feature with a suitable colour or line style QGIS 2009 QGIS 2009 From QGls an easy introduction into GIS Polygon Polygon features are enclosed areas like lakes islands administrative boundaries and so on Like line features polygons are created from a series of vertices that are connected with a continuous line However because a polygon always describes an enclosed area the first and last vertices should always be at the same place This has also as consequence that you can calculate and use the area and perimeter of polygons Points have by definition no dimensions and from lines you can only calculate the length Polygons often have share
86. available to you at that specific moment Please take note of the help menu item The Manifold System Help is elaborate and very well organized You can get help on technical issues al features of Manifold System and on GIS concepts as well The help is indexed and can be both browsed and searched The help can also be activated using the F1 button Main Window In this now grey area will appear the layer that you open the tables and maps that you will be working with It is the big graphic area where thinas will hannen The project pane shows all components we have in our project Open close the project pane with SHIFT ALT P or with View Panes Project In the default hierarchical view used for the project pane components that are linked to other components will be shown indented below their parent component Drawings for example always are linked to a table that contains the data fields for the objects in the drawing Images that are palette images will have a palette linked to the image Surfaces will have a terrain component created by default for the surface and may have one or more subsidiary terrain components Names of components are marked with an asterisk if they have been added to the project or changed since the last Save command Manifold System works with only one project at a time To work with different projects say for example to copy and paste data between projects we can launch two
87. be counted as one of them the overall current scenario still allows for anyone to have unregulated access to the coast and municipal waters and extract resources unchecked This open access regime provides limited or no control mechanisms for local governments over the harvest of coastal and fishery resources Resource use conflicts in the coastal areas such as commercial fishing in municipal waters result in the over exploitation of limited fishery resources and the deprivation of fisherfolk Population pressure has contributed to overfishing and the use of destructive fishing practices like blast and poison fishing Valuable coastal habitats like mangrove forests seagrass beds and coral reefs are losing their ability to provide breeding grounds for marine organisms and other essential ecosystem services such as pollution control Coastal pollution lowers environmental quality and natural production thereby affecting coastal ecosystems and fisheries Many of the coastal resources depend for their existence on specific natural conditions like water depth type of seafloor substrate etc In many cases these are not known especially in those areas that are always submerged Using a depth sounder and GIS these features can be mapped and used as input for management and planning purposes Echo sounding is a type of SONAR that can be used to determine the depth of water by transmitting sound pulses into water The time interval between sent and return of
88. ble Press OK Example the external table Population Growth is matched to a table from a drawing As both tables contain names of municipalities see figure above they could be matched as shown in the figure below Important is that the municipal names in both columns are exactly the same even upper and lower case otherwise the match doesn t work First export the table of the drawing as excel file File gt Export gt Table then remove all columns in excel except the column used for matching Add all the data columns you want to use in the GIS behind the matching column and Import the excel file again in Manifold System File gt Import gt Table Population Growth MUNICIPALITIES 1980 1 1990 CALUYA 4 07 2 13 LAUA AN 0 56 1 59 LIBERTAD 1 13 1 6 PANDAN 1 6 1 47 SEBASTE 1 93 1 78 CULASI 1 47 1 57 TIBIAO 1 62 0 076 BUGASONG 1 27 1 43 PATNONGON 0 12 1 43 ANINI Y 2 26 1 53 VALDERRAMA 0 91 2 33 SAN REMIGIO 1 22 1 86 BELSON 1 58 1 42 SIBALOM 1 85 1 6 SAN JOSE 29 1 83 f Se_ MUNICIPALI MUNICIPALITIES 1980 1 19 0 502 CALUYA CALUYA 4 07 2 13 283 CALUYA CALUYA 4 07 2 13 515 CALUYA CALUYA 4 07 2 13 223 CALUYA CALUYA 4 07 2 13 726 CALUYA CALUYA 4 07 2 13 224 LAUA AN LAUA AN 0 56 1 59 59 4 CALUYA CALUYA 4 07 2 13 53 LIBERTAD LIBERTAD 1 13 16 177 PANDAN PANDAN 16 1 47 222 SEBASTE SEBASTE 1 93 1 78 159 CULASI CULASI 1 47 1 57 719 CULASI CULA
89. c values are desired for intervals Change the Range if the default entire range needs to be extended or contracted 9 Press the Tally button to create the given number of intervals If interval numbers different than those created by the Method are desired double click into the interval numbers to change them 10 Either use a pre set colour palette or click into the interval colour boxes to change colours to whatever range is desired To use a palette select it in the Palette box and press Apply 7 to apply the pre set to the intervals Check the Preview box to try out different combinations and see how they look in the drawing without committing the changes 11 When satisfied press OK Note Not only line and area colours but all the items in the M Navigation toolbar can be connected to a field For example size of points shape of points colour of points size of lines etc Just press one of the navigation toolbar buttons choose Theme The further procedure is similar as described in the text above Note When a drawing contains more than one thematic field and you want to show them at the same time Themes can be used to store different visualisations of the same drawing For more information look in menu Help gt Index and type themes Assign colors to raster data surfaces Surfaces appear in a surface window as greyscale images where lighter colours indicate greater heights The word Height is used
90. c queries are based on for example networks or common boundaries like what is the shortest distance to the next town by road Here the road is the network and the computer must know which roads connect to each other and which don t for example from a fly over you cannot turn left Another example could be what municipalities share the same coastline In this case the coastline is the common boundary You can perform a variety of queries in Manifold from pointing at features on a map e g to identify them to analysing spatial _relationships between different phenomena e g to find out how _ they might influence each other The formal structure of a query is Find the data of atfeibute T of the database S eb ee each Ron and carry out operation O An example of a thematic query is Which municipalities have less than 10 000 inhabitants T Inhabitants S Municipalities C less than 10 000 lt 10 000 O Show the result or save to new table print etc Identifying In a drawing features with 1 Open a drawing from the project pane the mouse 2 Right click on the object like an area or line and 2 choose Fields 3 The Object Fields window appears containing the Object s attributes These are taken from the table connected to the drawing 4 Refer to Help gt Index gt type object fields for more information As with many things in GIS there is another way to do t
91. cannot be reached and other measures like fire hydrants are necessary Example hazard mitigation This example shows how real property data can be overlaid with natural hazard maps to give an indication for the susceptibility to natural hazards The image from the Provincial Map Viewer shows the assessed market values test data in combination with the tsunami hazard This gives the City planner an indication of the possible economic damage in case of a tsunami BY9HesagHunanR2 2A MACARTHUR RP oe i LOcALTIN 0440190018620 4 TAXPAYER BAYOT RAUL E ADDRESS ABUYOG LEYTE TDNO 08 19 0005 00023 RAR ANGAY RATIIG er ok Cancel _ Attributes E rain_ind_landslide a Storm Surge V Tsunami Hazard E Volcanic Hazard AE Areas moderately prone to lahar hazard A Freas highly prone to lahar hazard V Provincial Planning 2 T Javier Barangay_bnd E E cLup 4 F Infrastructure Javier_parcels Municipal_bnd DEAA F Layers Hierarchy MINI MAP MEASURE Ready This image gives similar information but in more detail Here a parcel map with land use information is combined with a flood map 7 7 Overlaying Flood Prone Area on Tax Parcellary Maps with its Land Use u rs v a LOTNUMBER MARKETVALUE PAYSTATUS SAMPLE i 1 mA ur De Tl EEE 9 PA E S De u HH 9 2 Delinquent i Delinguent Delinquengd SCALE 1 110230 N Deli
92. ce Link Manifold Image Server Data iS Wien She CloudMade Maps Manifold IMS Web Site Openstreet Maps Steet Map Image Mapnik OQoenStreet Maps Street Map Image Osmarender Virtual Earth Hybrid Map Imag Virtual Earth Satellite Image Virtual Earth Street Map Image Cache data between sessions 6 Press the refresh button at the far right of the box and wait until the connection to the internet server is established 7 When the connection is complete press OK tab The linked image layer named Virtual Earth Satellite Image will appear in the project pane Double click the linked image layer Virtual Earth Satellite Image to view the image Note The linked image below is non editable however can still be used for overlays The projection is fixed to Mercator with WGS84 datum Fr j PCL BME Beats x 2 Amparo cad a a Amparo AREA b a Amparo Boundary e Amparo Boundary Table n Virtual Earth Satellite Image a a Amparo Households eer Combined Road Map Drawing Drawing a a Ipayo River a a Municipal Waters H a Puroks Amparo a f Vicinity 8 Zoom in a small area of the image to increase its resolution and Pan around the image to increase its overall resolution In order to create an offline copy of the image you can copy the image in the project panel right mouse click on the layer and select save as and then past as image An editable image will appear named Virtual Earth Satellite Image
93. ceived by all satellites Next each satellite sends the accurate time of when each received the signal to a ground station The ground station calculates the longitude and latitude of the remote terminal and determines the altitude from a relief map The ground station sends the remote terminal s 3D position to the satellites and from the satellites broadcast the calculated position to the remote terminal your hand held device In 2007 the official Xinhua News Agency reported that the resolution of the BeiDou system was as high as 0 5 meters considerably better than unaided GPS With the existing user _ terminals it appears that the calibrated accuracy is 20m 100m uncalibrated 11 203 Session 11 8 2 Depth Sounders and coastal zone mapping resources and the coast With more than 60 of the population living near the coastal areas and half of all municipalities and cities located along the coasts and rivers NSCB 2012 the nation needs a proper coastal resource management system in place TI Philippines as an archipelagic country relies heavily on its fishery Over several decades coastal and fishery resources have come under increasing threat due to human activities and to changes in climatic conditions which affect the lives of coastal communities The Local Government Code of 1991 LGC provided the means for local government units LGUs to develop several management plans Although coastal resource management plans can
94. ch areas to cover and alternate areas to survey in case the survey is completed early or if problems arise for primary areas 4 Consider hazards and risks that may be encountered in the survey areas flash flood areas road conditions etc to avoid delays and prevent any untoward incidents from happening 5 Plan who to bring with the team what type of vehicle to use in certain areas model marked or unmarked etc to avoid physical rough road and social presence of insurgents or areas controlled by rival political parties constraints Bring along a resource person for the areas during the survey if possible Plan which information you also need to collect aside from the location item like description size land use building type etc Prepare materials before conducting the Survey Prepare data sheets for the GPS readings This serves as the backup for the data and a much easier way to write down notes Use a clipboard folder for writing data in the field An example of a GPS data capture sheet is found in session 6 04 of the HLURB GIS Cookbook see http www cookbook hlurb gov ph Bring spare batteries otherwise make sure to fully charge the battery before going to the field Bring a digital camera if available and take pictures of the areas being surveyed Before leaving for the survey Check the weather if GPS survey is possible Check if all materials are good and ready to go to avoid any delays
95. characteristics of these terms will be explained in the following paragraphs GPS Remote sensing The Global Positioning System GPS is a space based satellite navigation system that provides location and time information in all weather anywhere on or near the Earth where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible to anyone with a GPS receiver The GPS program provides critical capabilities to military civil and commercial users around the world In addition GPS is the backbone for modernizing the global air traffic system In addition to GPS other systems are in use or under development The Russian Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS was in use by only the Russian military until it was made fully available to civilians in 2007 There are also the planned European Union Galileo positioning system Chinese COMPASS navigation system and Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System IRNS More on GPS will be given in Session 3 Remote Sensing RS is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object In modern usage the term generally refers to the use of aerial sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on Earth both on the surface and in the atmosphere and oceans by means of propagated signals e g electromagnetic radiation emitted from air
96. cise manual e REFERENCES Deutsche Gesellschaft f r Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH Existing PowerPoint and documents on Manifold GIS trainings mostly ards by Jay ar Ragub and Jerson Sala MANIFOLD System GIS Help MANIFOLD System GIS User manual accessed on http www georeference org doc whnjs htm Geerling Gertjan Draft Manifold Hands on Manual not published Session 11 3 1 Installing Manifold System GIS installed This session contains the steps to install the software For users who are using Microsoft Vista or newer a true administrator rights to install or activate Manifold System is needed f Manifold System is not yet installed in your computer this needs to be Some versions of Vista make it difficult for users to login with true Administrator rights However that can be bypassed sometimes by running programs using a Run as Administrator option Here is a shortcut that works in most cases Right click on the Manifold System msi installation file and choose Run as Administrator For example suppose after downloading Manifold System from the Product Downloads page and unzipping the zip file you have an installation file called Manifold System 8 0 12 msi Note that depending upon your Windows Explorer settings Vista may or may not show you the three letter msi extension With your mouse right click onto the Manifold System 8 0 12 msi file and choose Run as
97. complete with ALT When editing maps we often would like to create a new area that fits _ exactly inte into an existing area Manifold System provides lt an _ autoce ocomplete rue within the Insert Area and Insert B Line tool to make this e See Help gt Index type E autocomplete e When points lines or areas have to be changed you can use the Edit Toolbar The Edit Toolbar provides commands for editing objects i in drawings If not already displayed the edit toolbar will appear when an L ALT clicking the pees The figure below shows the Edit Toolbar and an a clicked while pressing CTRL ALT See ee _ type Edit Toolbar for more information o on its use I u Hint When you are editing you may find that you need to look up and get an overview of the bigger picture or just zoom in for more detail A good way to do this is to use the and keyboard keys to zoom in and out even in the middle of the Insert Areas command Pressing on the keyboard will cause a zoom in Using the and keys we can zoom in where greater precision is required and then zoom out where less precision is required Another option is to use a mouse with a scroll wheel to zoom in and out This works even in the middle of commands such as the edit toolbar editing commands By default the zoom will be centered on the mouse position Holding the CTRL key while operating the scroll wheel will force the zoo
98. components are marked with an asterisk if they have been added to the project or changed since the last Save command Manifold System works with only one project at a time To work with different projects say for example to copy and paste data between projects we can launch the Manifold System program two times and switch between them Project components A project may consist of several components and it is saved as a map file Components can be for example drawings of roads rivers administrative borders but also tables excel data or a layout The following will give an overview of the most used components Drawings Drawings are made up of objects that may be points lines or areas based on specific coordinates see also Lesson 1 Every Manifold System drawing is linked to a table Every object in the drawing corresponds to one record in the table Manifold System can import drawings from a vast array of different GIS and CAD formats Drawings that are automatically created from database tables are called linked drawings and are shown using an icon that includes a yellow database cylinder Themes Themes are displays of a drawing shown using different formatting Manipulating a theme is just the same as manipulating its parent drawing Themes make it possible to show drawings colored or presented in different ways without having to duplicate the drawing Images Images are composed of pixels arranged in orderly r
99. cquired in small quantities or acquired for use on portable devices use this mechanism e Authorization of floating licenses using a License Server Manifold System licenses acquired in larger quantities will frequently use this mechanism which requires licensing of the Manifold System License Server product See the Manifold System License Server topic for discussion of License Servers In most cases the first option will be relevant for use Login as Administrator or alternatively run as Administrator Install Manifold System and then launch Manifold System In the Activation dialog that pops open provide the serial number emailed to you for the Manifold System edition you have licensed Copy the serial number from the original serial number email message and paste it into the dialog For the first 30 days after your serial number was issued you can run on the serial number alone After 30 days you will have to get an Activation key as well When the Activation dialog launches enter your serial number and then press the Get Activation Key via the Web button and then press Accept Getting an Activation key terminates any return privileges you may have If you have licensed Business Tools Geocoding Tools or Surface Tools extensions launch Manifold System and choose Help Activate Extension Enter the serial number for the extension Get an Activation key if it is more than 30 days since the serial number was issued Press Accept
100. craft or _ satellites There are two main types of remote sensing passive remote sensing and active remote sensing Passive sensors detect natural radiation that is emitted or reflected by the object _or surrounding areas Reflected sunlight is the most common source of radiation measured by passive sensors Examples of passive remote sensors include film photography infrared _ charge coupled devices and radiometers Active collection on the other hand emits energy in order to scan objects and areas whereupon a sensor then detects and measures the radiation that is reflected or backscattered from the target RADAR and LiDAR are CAD examples of active remote sensing where the time delay _ between emission and return is measured establishing the location height speed and direction of an object Computer Aided Design CAD also known as computer aided design and drafting CADD is the use of computer systems to assist in the creation modification analysis or optimization of a design Computer aided design describes the process of creating a technical drawing with the use of computer software CAD software is used to increase the productivity of the designer improve the quality of design improve communications through documentation and to create a database for manufacturing CAD output is often in the form of electronic files for print or machining operations CAD software uses either vector based graphics to depict t
101. ct the surveyor Hint Additional help for this question English Default Value The value this field is presented with at first T ReadOnly Whether this field can be edited by the end user or not M Required continuing Options bulk edit Option 1 English Dr Herwig Mayer Underlying Value Mayer Herwig Option 2 English Ubo Pakes Undertying Value Pakes ubo ZI options 2 ODK Collect is the actual tool used for collecting information It runs on an Android device and for doing the surveys no internet access is needed A questionnaire as made in ODK Build can be downloaded on the device and a survey can be done On one device many different questionnaires and per questionnaire many surveys or instances can be made The questionnaires may contain location GPS photo video and speech Once back in the office the finished questionnaires can be uploaded to the next module ODK Aggregate You are atthe end of Sample Name this form Sample Mark form as finalized Save Form and Exit Enter your name Enter your age Enter today s date Capture GPS location Take a pho 210238500 4296716 0 0 21 0 to pg Go To Start Go To End 3 ODK Aggregate is the module for management of the forms and for combining and aggregating the results Per questionnaire the data can be combined in easy Statistics and graphs downloaded in KML for further use in GIS or directly visually presented in
102. ction of colours that are close to each other Red and Yellow are dominant colours and tend to pop out while green and blue tend to vanish You can also use this for simple maps in the traffic light colours e Red warning or not good e Orange in between or neutral e Green positive or good Saving Ink When you print on a colour ink jet printer there are types _of paper that can really soak up so much of your ink If you don t have the option to use good quality paper then do not use a solid colour for your areas If you use a dense _ dotted or densely hashed pattern the soaking effect of the paper may just work in your advantage to create a solid fill Viewing texts When you are preparing for a map that it is sometimes difficult to judge if the texts can be read by the audience In that case set the viewing scale of the map to 100 real _ life size and if you are making a poster step back to see if the elements are still clear and can be read Transparency In a map page you can set the transparency of your _ drawings and images Using the transparency is a great way to let your area of interest really stand out For instance if your area of interest in one barangay in the municipality then consider adding a drawing of barangays in which all _ barangays are colored white without an outline Now set the transparency to 50 Now if you change the white colour of your barangay to only the outline no foreground t
103. d Terrains m Analysis E A Printing and Layouts Me Inmet smd Evert MD The help window Thanks for licensing Manifold System Manifold System has exploded onto the GIS Wanifold net scene with unprecedented quality performance and value Release amp is a major upgrade to the previous release It introduces many new capabilities while retaining key methods that will be immediately familiar to users of previous versions of Manifold System If you are new to Manifold System please do not be misled by the low price Manifold System is by far the largest and most sophisticated GIS program ever created Manifold includes many advanced capabilites beyond those found in ordinary GIS or mapping systems It includes features similar to those in professional graphics editors such as Adobe PhotoShop CAD systems like AutoCAD database systems like Access or SOL Server a full forms based scripting environment statistics and mathematics data mining and charting a sophisticated Internet Map Server an optional US street address geocoder and one of the richest manning nackanes around There is so much Panes and Many controls of Manifold System are accessed through Panes and Toolbars Panes are windows that give Toolbars information about something For example the Project Pane in the figure below It gives information about what components are available in the project The Project pane oA 4 amp
104. d geometry boundaries that are in common with a neighbouring polygon If you look at real property maps one part of the polygon is the boundary of both its own as well as its neighbouring lot In Manifold System you have the capability to ensure that the boundaries of neighbouring polygons exactly coincide You will explore this later in Session 4 As with points and lines polygons have attributes to describe each polygon For example a map with barangay boundaries may have attributes for its name population etc Raster In the previous paragraphs you have taken a closer look at vector data While vector features use geometry points lines and polygons to represent the real world raster data takes a different approach Rasters are made up of a matrix of pixels also called cells each containing a value that represents the conditions for the area covered by that cell see Figure on next page Every cell has the same size In this topic you are going to take a closer look at raster data when it is useful and when it makes more sense to use vector data Y Seca A raster dataset is composed of rows running across and columns running down of pixels also known as cells Each pixel represents a geographical region and the value in that pixel represents some characteristic of that region Raster data is used in a GIS application when you want to display information that is continuous across an area and cannot easily be divid
105. d or useful with respect to the _ preparation of Comprehensive land use plans Please contact the NGA in your region for details and availability of data Many of these data are prepared for use at provincial or regional level and therefore may also be available at or through the PPDO in your province Also the internet is a source of many GIS related data and a Google search on GIS data Philippines may reveal many sources of data However useful and in many cases free the quality of these data is in many cases revealed by their price _ For instance many free datasets of the Philippines show a rail road in Cebu which is no longer operational since the 2 World War These data from the internet can therefore be only considered for reference purposes and in no way as correct _ NAMRIA and DENR have taken the lead in preparing a proposal for a National Spatial Data Infrastructure NDSI The Philippines National Spatial Data Infrastructure NSDI is a national initiative to provide better access for all Filipinos to essential geographic information The primary objective of the NSDI is to ensure that users of geographic information who require a national coverage will be able to acquire complete and consistent datasets to meet their requirements even though the data is collected and maintained by different agencies The National Spatial Data Infrastructure helps ensure all such agencies concern themselves with the national inter
106. d the world Unlike most datums the origin for _WGS84 is the centre of the earth Transformation parameters to convert from most national or local datums to WGS84 are published and can often be found in GIS software Apart from this there is the Philippine Reference Datum of 1992 or PRS92 This was developed in 1992 by NAMRIA and it is not technically a new datum but an adjustment of the Luzon datum PRS92 uses a total of 467 GPS locations of _ which 330 are first order accuracy The Luzon datum location network consists of survey data of second order accuracy or below NAMRIA has published transformation parameters for PRS92 to WGS84 but there is no published accuracy assessment This datum is gaining in popularity in the Philippines and the PRS92 can be installed in MANIFOLD SYSTEM GIS using the data in the DVD with additional information The parameters and instructions have been lt downloaded from the NAMRIA website Projection Transformation Changing Projections When a drawing or image is loaded that does not contain projection information the software always asks to verify _ the original projection After this Manifold System is able to combine images and drawings having different projections in one map component on the fly that is the GIS software will automatically translate the internal drawing or image coordinates into whatever Projection is being assigned to the Map component without the need in changing the _ c
107. d with text components the Format toolbar controls the colour and appearance of text labels in that layer Used _ with images the Format toolbar controls the colour style and size of painting tools Note that the contents of this toolbar depend on what component window or map layer is active For drawings the following options are available Areas Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all areas in this drawing Area Borders Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all area borders in this drawing While the 1 20th of a point value for border size works well for screen display it is wise to increase the thickness of area borders for printed materials since 1 20th of a point results in lines that are too thin for good visibility with most printers Lines Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all lines in this drawing Points Format Foreground background colours Style and size for all points in this drawing The colour of solid points and lines and the foreground colour of two colour area styles or of two colour area border styles Choosing a transparent colour for foreground colour for an area will turn off display of that area This is a short cut way of turning off areas when desired The fill colour in most styles used for points lines areas and area borders The pattern or icon used to draw points lines areas or area borders The relative si
108. dingonthe Extent of alienable and from date of Ground disposable A amp D and 1 20 000 survey the 1 50 000 forestlands FL and 1 250 000 1 50 000 1 100 000 1 250 000 1988 The two maps from the SSC and JAFTA show about 20 land cover categories however the two map data cannot be directly compared because they Map from 1993 NAMRIA availableonly 1 100 000 1993 Landsat for Luzon and Visayas produced by JAFTA Japan Forest Technology Association Vegetative cover EcoGov2 Project 1 50 000 2004 map for Mindanao Maps 1 100 000 and Mindanao available also in digital 1 250 000 form Land allocation and tenure Protected Areas Copies from Congress Various proclamation or Malacanang archives Scales or Republic Acts e Websites of law resources in the internet e Protected Area Wildlife Bureau PAWB office e Philippine Gazette ian ia er Various scales Ancestral Domain Titles CADTs are available at the National Commission for Indigenous Peoples NCIP central office or its provincial offices e Certificate of Ancestral Domain Claim CADC issued under DENR could be found also in the project control e maps of CENROs and PENROs e Digital copy also available from the Philippine Association for e Intercultural do not have similar categories This map is a colour composite of bands of Landsat images used for land cover assessment and are not presented as classified polygo
109. e e Are the colours that use correct e Does this element need to be in the legend the big blue area next to a coastal barangay will be interpreted by almost all people as the sea Do you then really need it in your legend e t is also good practice to have a hierarchy in the order in which elements in the legend are presented From top to bottom this would be o Point drawings o Line drawings o Polygon drawings o Surfaces images North arrow The north arrow is usually an arrow that points to the North In Manifold System you have choice of a number of North Arrows that can be used In Manifold System the components are always displayed North up based on the assumption that they have been created that way in a geographic context Therefore all correctly georegistered components will always be North up On rare occasions we may work with drawings or images that are not _georegistered for example scanned images or designs that have been made in AutoCAD and that are imported using the AutoCAD DXF format These are usually designed using the front facade and not the north as reference In such cases and only in such cases if we know the correct orientation for the North Arrow we can use the Bearing value to provide a North Arrow that is not aligned straight up Instead the North Arrow will point to North at whatever Bearing rotation has been specified with the default O degrees pointing straight up Scale bar
110. e by placing a waypoint at a wrong location instead of editing it you can also just delete it 1 From the Waypoints page select the waypoint you want to delete gt DELETE OR 2 If you want to delete all waypoints stored in the GPS on the Waypoints page press Menu gt Delete by Symbol this will delete waypoints of the same symbol then press DELETE Note Be careful in deleting waypoints especially if they have not been downloaded to the computer Deleted waypoints cannot be recovered from the GPS unit Tracks The track feature creates an electronic bread crumb trail or track log on the Map page as you travel The track log contains information about points along its path including time location elevation and bearing direction The track log starts recording as soon as the unit gets a location fix The percentage of memory used by the current track log appears at the top of the Tracks page The track features can be used if surveying line zz features like roads Fe ercenlage trails or rivers It of memory can also be used to used calculate the List of approximate area of aul a certain field eX arks Area of a rice field coconut area abaca marine sanctuary or j a settlement area Tracks Page on site a feature that is very useful in Land Use Mapping Take note that the GPS must be clear of any track log data The process is simple just take note that your starting p
111. e is subject to changes and development but at this time GIZ in the Philippines made a choice for Manifold System GIS because It is much cheaper than the ESRI ArcGIS or ArcView products but offers the same or even more GIS functionality Easy to learn and most calculating extensions are already built in unlike ESRI were you have to order extensions at a very high cost ESRI GIS files can be imported into Manifold System and also GIS files within Manifold System can be exported to any GIS software file type ex Shapefiles CAD drawings etc Manifold System can download GPS data directly and does not need third party software to do the downloading task Google Earth data kml kmz can be imported into Manifold System and also drawings within Manifold System can be exported to Google Earth for visualization and verification of the data Has a built in query tool that can to certain calculations for programmers Good database attribute table capabilities Good in 3D Modelling for surfaces and terrains The Manifold Project map file contains all data stored such as drawings tables images queries scripts etc Government agencies as NAMRIA and DENR s Land Administration and Management Project DENR LAMP use Manifold System for data synergy The layer model Session 11 2 6 How GIS works It is not easy to put our surroundings in a computer You need to transform the complexity of our environment i
112. e transfer method to be used for many to one N to 1 operators 5 For text fields choose any desired options to ignore 6 case or whitespace Press OK You can do this for as much columns you need more information in Help gt Index type Transfer rules Then to use Spatial overlay 1 Open the Map containing the two drawings to overlay Or at least one drawing containing two kinds of objects i e points lines and or areas Go to Drawing gt Spatial Overlay Box Source Choose an object set to be the source of data Choices will include the selection all saved selections and objects in drawing layers when launched from a map The source set may contain only objects of one type that is all areas all lines or all points Box Target Choose an object set to receive the transferred data Choices will include the selection all saved selections and objects in drawing layers when launched from a map The target set may contain only objects of one type that is all areas all lines or all points Box Method Choose a transfer method Only those operations that make sense for the objects in the source and target sets will be presented If the source or target set do not contain all objects of one type the method box will not be enabled The methods for overlay pertain to objects inside other objects next to other objects intersecting other objects touching other objects and neighbouring other objects Dep
113. ed _ Users can add their own point styles from images by installing a desired image file one image per file and then creating an xml file in the following pattern Point styles created from Fonts Webdings m lt style gt lt name gt Name for this style lt name gt lt file gt images filename png lt file gt lt type gt point lt type gt lt style gt lt xml gt Rules e There can be any number of lt style gt lt style gt entries within a single XML file between the lt xml gt tag at the beginning of the file and the lt xml gt tag at the end of the file e The name string supplied in the lt name gt attribute is mandatory and must be unique e The path string in the lt file gt attribute is mandatory It specifies the path to the image file from the configuration directory In the pattern shown above a filename png image file must be within an images directory that is in the Config directory e Image files may be in any of the following formats BMP GIF JPG PNG TIFF EXIF WMF and EMF Each image file contains one image corresponding to one point style e The value in the lt type gt attribute is mandatory and must be point Place the new or modified xml file containing the image point style specifications into the Config folder for Manifold System normally C Program Files Manifold System _Professional Config and restart Manifold System When _ Manifold System launches the syst
114. ed select the waypoint that has been saved earlier Highlight Go To A 2 Hint Many GPS units have a proximity option This feature sets an alarm when you are nearing a selected waypoint Very useful in finding back features 1 Try to use the other GPS pages that can be very helpful in navigating the Compass page the Map page and the Highway page the Highway page is automatically activated once you are navigating to a location 2 Depending on your actual and derived location and transport select either on road GPS will navigate over road in your map or off road as the bird flies The compass page guides you to your destination with a graphic compass and a bearing course pointer The rotating compass ring indicates the direction you are heading You may choose between the bearing pointer and course pointer The Compass Speed Dist To Next Pointer N 04 39 00 40 The Compass Ring moves to indicate North Orientation Compass Page bearing pointer indicates the direction to your destination and the course pointer indicates your relationship to a course line leading to the destination To select between bearing pointer and course pointer while in the Compass page press MENU gt highlight the bearing or course pointer option and press ENTER to start Using the boon in your GPS you can get a warning beep when you are nearing a location that you want to find back To turn off the navigation
115. ed culture o During the development of the Map Viewer in a discussion with HLURB region 7 it became clear that for the water uses mangrove forest tourism nipa also the colours from the 5 3 1 would be accepted Classified Slopes Classified slopes are used in a number of cases to determine _ possible land uses and or land use conflicts For the Provincial Map Viewer the following classes and colours are suggested CODE DESCRIPTION COLOR RGB VALUE EXAMPLE Level to nearly level lt 3 green le Gently sloping to Undulating to rolling 8 ZZ 18 i aso Rolling to moderately yellow BREIT s 65 a OR Very Steep 50 90 red 255 oo Natural hazard data The area for which you are working may be susceptible to one or more natural hazards For the Provincial Map Viewer the _ following generic symbology has been defined VALUE DESCRIPTION COLOR RGB VALUE EXAMPLE Was geen mel sn elon as es 0 EE High Susceptibility red as 0 o The description can be made to fit to match the specific natural hazard High susceptibility to landslide hazard for instance In case you want to combine more natural hazards into a multi hazard map you may consider giving the different hazards a different hash marking while keeping the foreground colour the same and making the background colour transparent This way you can combine hazards in one map or easily combine them with other data which parcels are affected by tsunami haza
116. ed into vector features In exercise 1 1 we showed you a Google map image and asked you to identify Point line and polygon features There are however other features that have no clear boundaries and these are difficult to map put in discrete units Think for instance on elevations On a slope every millimetre may have a different height Drawing a boundary around this is very difficult You can draw a line around a single elevation for instance between 10 and 20 meters MSL but all the info on elevation in between would be lost in the process of simplifying the features to a single polygon This is because when you give a vector feature attribute values they apply to the whole feature so vectors aren t very good at representing features that are not homogeneous entirely the same all over or that do not have discreet boundaries Another approach you could take is to digitize every small variation of height and cover as a separate polygon The problem with that approach is that it will take a huge amount of work in order to create a good vector dataset Using raster data is a solution to these problems Many people use raster data as a backdrop to be used behind vector layers in order to provide more meaning to the vector information The human eye is very good at interpreting images and so using an image behind vector layers results in maps with a lot more meaning Raster data is not only good for images that depict the real world surface e g
117. eferences for standard NET modules Name pop2005 Type Integer 32 bit Size In the example above a function with the name Func2005 has been created and this is used in the active column with name pop2005 4 Make sure the Compute option is set to on user request Press OK A script component will be created and opened for editing the script appears in the Project pane linked to the table l Sata xX 2 2 29 Administrative A i ai NegOcc_Brgy_Bnd u d NegOcc_Brgy_Bnd Table o ABE Neg cc_Brgy_Bnd Table Script Ef NegOcc_LGU Bnd 1m l 0 River System H Road Network J E Watersheds 2 01_Administrative Map EE 02_Road Network a 6 Write the function to be used by the Active Column In the following example the population of 2000 field POP2k will be added with 5 or multiplied with a factor 1 05 Eun cron eune 005 POPZOGUS EEE e r a DL aA SPOP Ea o ENJ FUA CION NegQcc_Brgy_Bnd Table Script Function Func2005 POF20005 Record Data POP2k 1 05 End Function Another example to divide two columns named Column1 and Column2 use the following code Einet ion Davide Davide Record Data Columnl VS Record Daci Corum EN OLUN CION 7 Verify the script by right clicking on the column header and pressing recompute The column should be filled with values 8 In case the script works and you want to recompute automatically set the computatio
118. egular expressions Examples taken from a Mexican drawing e Using DURANGO as the argument selects one record DURANGO e Using CHI as the argument selects all records starting with CHI CHIHUAHUA and CHIAPAS e Using operator Starting With Match and BA as argument selects all records starting with BA e Using operator Starting With Match and argument F H selects three records HIDALGO GUANAJUATO and GUERRERO In effect selects everything between alphabetical order F and H saving Selections By opening the Selections pane using View gt Panes gt _ Selections you can save selections and use them later e Press to save the current selection e By double clicking you can apply the saved selection e By pressing_ amp and click on a saved selection once you can preview a selection the selection appears in blue on the view screen Geometrical and In Manifold System geometrical and topological i selections are done using the Transform toolbar See topological figure below The toolbar is divided into a target box selections operator box and parameter box It is not designed for selections only you will find a lot of operator functions in the operator box The table below shows a part of _ the possible operators for making selections Target box Operator box Parameter box Al Objects in Municip_pc All Objects in Aepoint Dre Apply The Transform toolbar
119. em will scan all xml files in the Config folder Any lt style gt lt style gt entries _of lt type gt point found in any of those xml files that _correspond to image files will be loaded as a new point style Images can contain pixels in transparent colour png format _is a good format to use to save images that contain invisible pixels transparent colour png is fast and efficient and a good choice overall for iconic images Point styles that are created from True Type fonts or images are loaded into Manifold System based upon directions specified within xml files found in the Config folder When Manifold System launches it reads any xml files that are _ placed in the Config folder and then opens True Type fonts or image files they mention to create new point styles If an xml file mentions a True Type font or image file that is not available in the Windows system the point style thus specified will not be available and will be displayed as the default circle point style For example an xmlfile adding all characters in the particular font could be provided to customize the Manifold System installation This xml file tells Manifold System to create point styles based on the characters in the given font If for some reason the specified font is not installed in Windows the point styles created from this xml file will not be available Point styles created from True Type fonts may be used just like any point style
120. en location and zoom level under a specific name It is possible to create a view for every municipality in a province By clicking on the view in the views pane Manifold System will automatically navigate to the predefined area and scale Note that when a component is projected saving a view at a given zoom level is really saving a view at a specified scale the scale at which the view is displayed For setting and using views you have to open _ the Views Pane tools options views Using templates Layout templates are pre defined arrangements of layouts that may be invoked when creating a new layout or applied to an existing layout To use a template when creating a layout in the Create Layout dialog check the Template box and choose a template To apply a template after creating a layout open the layout and use the Edit Template Apply command to use a built in template or a template added to the system through customization or use the Edit Template Apply File command to apply a template from a file To create a new template create a layout and then use the Edit Template Save command to save the layout to a file for use as a template The Edit Template Apply command also allows us to use a layout in our project as a template to _ be applied to the current layout W Session 11 7 4 Preparing for a large scale print ith GIS we will be preparing many maps and some of them will be printed
121. ending on the types of objects present in the drawings not all possibilities are shown in the Spatial Overlay window An overview of the spatial overlay methods is given in Help _ gt Index type Spatial Overlay Changing your selection into a new table or drawing copy and paste u U S l Z A ay per 3 D ak 4 V pr SEQ ma S 2A I i y wr FR ER To extract your selection from a drawing or table just use _Edit gt Copy Then go to an empty area in the Project pane and press right click paste as gt drawing or press the paste _as gt drawing button see figure below a e The result will be a new drawing containing only the selected objects including the associated attribute table Session 11 6 2 Advanced selection using SQL n Manifold queries can be built using a SQL language exactly like the formal form of a query as shown in the introduction An example of a SQL query is SEILMON I 7 ROM NOES witli Deaylaa aloe Ela MUNTO ITPA CTI ET EE oe Meaning Select all records from the table Antique_mun Drawing in which the field Municipali is like SAN JOSE To make a query 1 File gt Create gt Query or press right click in the project pane and choose Create gt Query 2 Give the name of your Query and press OK It will appear in the project pane 4 Now you can enter your query In building a query it is important to k
122. ent these in a drawing Using the complex selection options of Manifold System this can be done either in one drawing or between drawings and tables The other strong feature is using the transformation toolbar in which more and more complex analysis options are possible and where also new drawing can be made by making smart selections and combinations of drawings Using exercises from the practice from land use planning in the Philippines you have gained some experience in using the analysis tools After steps in collecting and preparing data you have now gained experience in analysing these data The next step in the GIS process in now to present the data that you have made and that is the topic of the next lesson Module 11 Session 11 7 Map Design nn a OVERVIEW This Session is the last of the technical Sessions of this training toolkit and manual following the usual workflow in GIS you have collected and edited the necessary data for SIMPLE After doing the analysis and preparing the necessary maps for the CLUP it is now time to prepare quality presentations for print or in digital form In this Session you will gain first a conceptual insight in how we observe and which elements can be placed in a map and what their meaning is After that we will prepare a lay out for printing in Manifold System The Session will finish with some of the standards for data and colours that are set in the Philippines and with instructions
123. erage in Selection Joining Relations are connections between two tables in a Manifold System project that allow one table to show columns from external tables another table A relation between tables uses a key field with unique values common to both tables to connect the two like MS excel tables This allows data that appears in one table to also files appear in another table without having to physically duplicate the data Most often this is used to add data from external sources such as excel files to an existing administrative drawing TO FORM A RELATION BETWEEN TWO TABLES 1 If needed use File gt Import gt Table to import an excel table Be sure to select the right type excel csv while looking for the file Open the table that is to display the additional fields and click on Table gt Relations Click on the New Relation button This launches the Add Relation dialog In the Add Relation dialog choose another table in the list box after Match Key Fields in In the Add Relation dialog click on one field for each table that will be used to match records and press OK See figure below for an example showing matching fields MUNICIPALI and MUNICIPALITIES Add Relation Name Name ID MUNICIPALITIES AREA 1980 1990 PERIMETER 1990 2000 PROVINCE REGION RURBAN ZIPCODE KM DIST Back in the Relations dialog check the desired columns to join from the other ta
124. ershed Map main i m 4 Scope 3 Paging pages or page ranges eg 1 2 5 8 Background 4 Control points 4 3 ja Graticule CA i points Grid Meter digits 1 0 Deg min sec format 4 Legend North arrow Resolve overlaps Scale bar 4 Border each page canes 9 Use File gt Print to print the layout Creating a layout based upon a non text component like a _ drawing will automatically scale the component to fit the entire component on a single full page Creating a layout based upon a text component such as a table query script or comments component will automatically invoke the multipage layout capability to use as many pages as are necessary to show the entire component in the font size that is used Usin the The tools toolbar for layouts allows us to insert additional design g elements into a layout When a layout is the active window the Tools toolbar tools toolbar will change to show tools used with layouts Tools A yo yl oP a Insert Horizontal Line Create a horizontal line in the layout Default line size is 1 20th of a point You can change the line thickness and colour of the after selecting the line in the format toolbar Insert Vertical Line Create a vertical line in the layout Default line size is 1 20th of a point You can change the line thickness and colour of the after selecting the line in the format toolbar
125. est thereby maximizing _government s return on investment in data collection and maintenance The NSDI will help achieve better outcomes for the country through better economic social and environmental decision making If this project pushes through it would be a huge boost in stimulating GIS through improved _ data availability For now the FLUP Mapping Guide Book by Galido Isorena at al gives the following overview of possible data sources when starting a GIS based CLUP NAMRIA office in Fort Bonifacio and DENR offices sales offices at selected 1 50 000 Reprints of 1950s aerial photographs with some of its features updated Elevation river roads political boundaries location of towns name of barangays NAMRIA 1 250 000 Elevation river roads political boundaries location of towns name of barangays Philippine Gazette Copies from Congress or Malacanang archives NAMRIA The boundaries are indicated as technical description Only a few of these proclamation or RAs have accompanying maps Political boundaries location of town centers and barangays Various scale Most printed in the 1990s NAMRIA Land Classification Division Project control map of the Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CENRO and Office PENRO of respective areas NAMRIA Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Scale ranging Depen
126. even though the data values of a surface may convey some other meaning such as temperature To change the appearance of a surface window use View gt Display Options to change the settings Display Options x Height Altitude and Bathymetry in Meters kd Surface Display Options By default surfaces will appear as shaded surface renderings with the colour of each pixel corresponding to the data value at that spot as adjusted for highlights and shadows from a Sun in the East Other options include display of aspect or slope or use of shading Palette controls are similar to those used in Thematic Formatting of drawings Color Sadly enough there are not yet many standards for the use of colours and symbols in maps of the Philippines The Standards topographic maps from NAMRIA have standard colours and symbols which can be seen in the legend of the maps Apart from that there are not many so in most cases you have to create your own symbols However if you can avail of paper maps from the map publishing agencies please use the colours in that map so that you follow that standard as much as possible Many of the colour standards that are presented in this chapter are not officially standards but have been _ defined for the use with the Provincial Map Viewer in 2011 CLUP One exemption is the Comprehensive Land Use Plan where the HLURB has set standards The following standard is given No DESCRIPTION CO
127. f items already in the map or delete items from a map e Change the appearance of items in a map by changing their formatting You can also do more with GIS such as e You can specify the geographic location of the map and the items in it e Link the items in the map to a database table This allows the graphics in the map to act like visual handles to reach into the database e Process the data and visual items in a map to create new items or to analyse the data For example you might create a buffer zone that shows all regions within 100 meters of a road or stream or you might automatically add up populations of a given species of tree within a set of tree stands in a forestry application Because you can link the items on the map to the database you can create intelligent maps and have them positioned at the exact right location of the earth For example you can imagine that you have a map with streets which is linked to a database which has for each street a record in a database table that would have fields storing the name of the street when it was last paved what paving material was used and so on Now using our GIS with you could find all streets within a mile of a given location that have been repaved in the last three months and then you could sort the database records for those streets by which street was most recently repaved You could use Standard Query Language SQL to find all the streets in the map th
128. functional for one s own needs Below is a suggestion of folders that can be created These are borne out of tested practices e Admin this is where project documents etc are stored Base data All original data is placed in the same projection etc These data can be used for backgrounds etc but not for editing Final contains all the final finished products Original stores the data in its original form as received and has not in any way been edited Tmp stores all temporary data Work place the data currently being worked on Completed work is transferred to to the folder final data Reports where documentation and reports are kept Session 11 3 3 Adding Data into Manifold System Through clicking on the menu items File gt Import gt Drawing the import windows opens see figure below wy Import Drawing a Look in m Philippines TT Name Date taken Tags Size Recent Places Il Il l 1 i BE AA free ReefBase_P Topographic Topographic Desktop i MAPS Administrat maps J Gertjan LY Computer LU s Network File name Open as read only Example of Import Drawing D MyGIS Philippines Topographic Administrative a province_poly shp ser 6 of 6 fields F Import measure E Import Z Import SHP File field selection Navigate through the map directory containing the drawing Be sure to select the correct file type in the drop down
129. han 50 should be considered as protection areas because these are prone to erosion and landslides In order to prepare these maps we will combine different layers There are two specific tools in the transformation toolbar that are very useful for this Clip with subtract or clip with intersect The Clip with operators in the Transform toolbar for drawings use one or more areas to clip other objects leaving only those parts of the other objects that lie within the areas Intersect or _ removing those parts of the other objects that lie inside the areas Subtract For more information and examples please _check the help and search for Clip with subtract We will be applying these tools with exercises on the following examples In the following table we will give a number of examples on _how to use these functions and on which data in order to _ prepare the data Input GIS function Short description drawings Buffer Clip with intersect or Select containing Prepare a 3 m buffer around the rivers Select the settlements within this buffer area Open water Buffer Prepare a 20 m buffer around the rivers Settlements Clip with intersect or Select the settlements within this buffer Select containing area Open water Buffer Prepare a 40 m buffer around the rivers Settlements Clip with intersect or Select the settlements within this buffer Select containing area Protected areas Clip with intersect or if
130. hanges Now go to the project pane and press the sign in front of the drawing a8 You should see the table appear Double click on the table icon EJ The table appears in the main window like figure1 6 Notice again that the menu items and toolbars have changed To close a component w Project 4 Manitold Syst window just press Eile Edit view Table Tools Window Hee the red cross in the corner to close Aromen a the window To see E Zr 4 how many windows _ are open choose a1 a menu item window z Prag windows F12 or 2 ee press F12 86 Benguet 87 La Union 88 NUEVA_VIZCAYA Nueva Vizcaya To delete a drawing A from the project m mucan tuana Select it in the Project pane right click it and choose Delete or press the Delete button in the Project Pane 4 Showing a drawing s table Loading and Similar to loading a drawing an image can be loaded deleting an a nce every step is shown in pictures Do the following ps Image 1 Go to file gt import gt image 2 Locate the file remember to choose the right file type in the bottom of the window See figure below 3 Press open or double click the file It can take some time to load an image 4 The file should appear in the project pane having this icon 5 Right click and choose open or double click on the image to show it window Notice again that the menu items and toolbars have cha
131. he full swath across track with a narrow along track then forming multiple receive beams beamforming that is much narrower in the acrosstrack around 1 degree depending on the system From this narrow beam a two way travel time of the acoustic pulse is then established utilizing a bottom detection algorithm Illustration of echo sounding using a multibeam echosounder From Wikipedia _http www navy mil view_single asp id 2767 The side view sonar works different again Here a big transponder is pulled under water at a specific depth and instead of a top down view this creates a more side view image of the underwater world This tool is more used for deep water and the detailed scanning of wrecks and other underwater structures Practical issues e In order to have a reliable depth map you need to correct for the effect of the tide since this effects the depth of the water the same location with be deeper at high tide then at low tide Much of the software that comes with the depth sounder is able to this for you Tide data can be found on the internet or can be obtained from the right authorities which o which e In order to have a good and reliable map navigate in a regular pattern Prior to mapping design transects or a raster in GIS and transfer this to the GPS This will guide the boatman in navigation how and where to navigate e Make sure you know how deep your transducer is in the water so that you can correct fo
132. he GPS the Map Page turns and orients to where the navigator is heading 1 In the Map Page press Menu gt Setup Map The top of the page contains icons for each setup page Use the Rocker key to select a page and move up and down the feature fields of each page 2 General Points Information Tracks Text Marine With the Map Setup feature selected press Enter key to show the list of options for that feature Each page has a sub menu of general options To access this menu press Menu with the preferred setup page displayed For our purpose we will just set up the General tab in the Map Setup page The General tab contains the setting for Orientation Below Auto Zoom Detail and Lock on Road Use the Rocker key to select the Orientation and press Map Setup General S amp YPTODEs Enter gt North Up This will always show the Map page oriented to north as you travel or do your survey Press Quit button to Exit Starting the GPS When you start the GPS unit the first activity will be that the GPS will search the sky for available satellites and will try to make fix connect to available satellites This is shown in the satellite screen This screen provides a lot of information Satellite The centre of the screen is a representation of the sky around satellites These are marked with their name number and location in the sky The outer circle represents the horizon and the inner circle represents t
133. he Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ GmbH Existing PowerPoint and documents on Manifold GIS trainings mostly compiled by Jay ar Ragub and Jerson Sala Geerling Gertjan Draft Manifold Hands on Manual not published GIS tailor made Inc 2012 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte Functional Design GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines GIS tailor made Inc 2011 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte Inception report GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines GIS tailor made Inc 2012 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte Harmonization of data GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines GIS tailor made Inc 2012 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte user manual GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines MANIFOLD System GIS Help MANIFOLD System GIS User manual accessed on http www georeference org doc whnjs htm Monmonier Mark H J de Blij 1996 How to Lie with Maps Pakes Ubo GIS and visualization PowerPoint and Training materials GIS tailor made Inc Module 11 Session 11 7 1 Formatting drawings looks using the format toolbar Used with drawings or drawing layers in maps the Format toolbar controls the colour style and size of areas lines and points Used with text components the Format toolbar controls the colour and appearance of text labels in that layer Used with images the Format toolbar controls the colour style and size of painting tools Note that the
134. he objects of traditional drafting or may also produce raster graphics showing the overall appearance of designed objects CAD often involves more than just shapes As in the manual drafting of technical and engineering _ drawings the output of CAD must convey information such as materials processes dimensions and tolerances according to application specific conventions CAD may be used to design curves and figures in two dimensional 2D space or curves surfaces and solids in three dimensional 3D space Wikipedia Traditionally CAD is strong in design but not so strong in analysis which is strength of GIS However with recent developments in software and databases these differences are getting smaller In normal use a GIS will be used to an analysis for instance building site selection and then CAD will be used to design the building Example Increasing Government Revenues In most countries there is a tension between the government that wishes to collect the right amount of real property tax and the owners of properties who would like to expand their properties without the added burden of paying more tax and or applying for the correct permits This example from the Netherlands will demonstrate how the use of GIS and aerial images can be used to monitor where there are undocumented extensions to buildings The start is a city base map which shows the buildings and lots in purple and orange and municipal propert
135. he sky ata 45 degree angle L A p 0 Una22 Ga with the location of the available At the bottom of the screen are the names number of the available satellites The longer the bar the stronger the signal of this satellite is if the bar is white the satellite has been found but a fix has not yet been computed If a fix has been made then the top part of the screen shows the current location and the accuracy of the GPS measure in meters Once a fix has been made the GPS is ready to use Please note the indication of the accuracy of the GPS position in the top right corner Under good condition this should be 5m or less Waypoints Waypoints also known as Point of Interest or POI are specific locations that have been marked with a GPS and can be found back using your GPS A waypoint can be anything you want a house a well a barangay hall a road intersection etc Using a GPS we can mark a specific location and save it as a waypoint The GPS then stores the coordinates of the location and some other data time elevation etc Waypoints i N pe a FT OAK PARK M EILAKE TRAIL Waypoints N 3852 884 icon WO94 S1 959 Using a separate logbook or notebook you can note down any other relevant characteristics and combine these later in your GIS Once a waypoint has been saved we can also use the GPS to find back the exact location even if there are no specific landmarks in the area If you make a mistak
136. hen Manifold System launches the system will scan all xml files in the Config folder Any lt style gt lt style gt entries of lt type gt point found in any of those xml files that correspond to characters in installed Windows fonts will be _ loaded into the system as an available point style More information on creating custom styles can be found in http www georeference org doc custom_ point styles htm Module 11 Session 11 6 Analysis us w OVERVIEW This Lesson will show how to analyse your data The first steps are to use structured selections that will help you to get more out of your data In the next step we will combine different layers in the analysis and make selections based on the spatial relationships in your data This Lesson concludes with the step by step procedure on how to make a number of maps for your CLUP OBJECTIVES After this Session you will 1 Obtain insight on how to design and deliver spatial analysis 2 Know the value of different selection tools as part of the analysis process 3 Appreciate the tools to generate new map layers as part of the analysis tools 4 Have gained practical experience in combining these elements using realistic exercises _ DURATION EA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY PLAN Topics to be covered 1 Basic Selections 2 Advanced selection 3 Analysis using the transformation toolbar 4 Conflict Maps s SU
137. hen it really stands out from the crowd Make sure that this layer is always on top in your layout or the effects will be less Hierarchy of elements What is the most important in your map should also be most visible in your map You can achieve this using the size of the element the map will be bigger than the north arrow use of colours and colour intensities primary colours can be stronger then greys or pastels and by the way you design the layout Aligning elements _A good layout is pleasing to the eyes One of the ways to achieve this is to create balance in the way you place your map elements In Manifold System you can easily align your elements so that a more pleasing design is achieved Bounding boxes Also placing boxes on elements creates a sense of unity and if you place a box around a number of elements then these are visually combined into one element which creates a more balanced look Look at the following image to see the effect of aligning and placing boxes u u u Unbalanced layout Balanced layout Session 11 7 2 Preparing a Layout in Manifold System geographic location of features on the Earth s surface along with attribute Me in Manifold System are based on spatial data Spatial data refer to the information describing what these features represent You can communicate complex information more effectively using maps than tables or lists because maps take advantage of our natur
138. his If you open the info pane from the View gt Panes gt Info a pane opens showing the fields from the selected object Manual selection of objects and show attributes Selection To get the attributes of specific objects in a drawing and then work with them it is best to select the objects on the view and then open the drawings attribute table to see their attributes When you select objects on a view they are highlighted to show that they are selected There are various ways to select features in Manifold System First we will look at how to select features on a view with the mouse and use the theme s attribute table to get _information about these features 1 First open the drawing of which objects are to be selected 2 Go to Edit gt Select mode gt Replace 3 Go to Edit gt Select Objects and choose your type of object to be selected Often all types points lines areas are turned on If you have only one type in your drawing you can leave all types on 4 Then click on one of the objects in the drawing it should be highlighted See Figure below for an example of a selected area 5 If you click on another object the first is deselected 6 If you open the drawing s table you will see that one of the records is selected If the table is large i e contain many records you can use menu a View gt Selection filter to show the selected records only Selection Toolbar When a
139. i W Link Image gt a F oe lasted Look in E My Documents 88 PP Hr Ti Name Date modified Type ag I ArcGIS_Advanced 11 8 2012 1 38 PM File fol Recent Places J CARIT AN 3 25 2013 3 27PM File fol di Command and Conquer Generals Zero Hou 12 27 2012 3 02PM File fol _ J CyberLink 6 24 2012 9 58 PM File fol di Fax 1 31 2013 3 34 PM File fol i dE GIS DataBase 11 7 2012 7 56 AM Filefoll Vf My Drawings 3 1 2013 5 31PM File fal Libraries My Games 10 13 2012 8 45 AM File fol J My Received Files 1 31 2013 12 01 PM File fol A di Recovered 4 13 2013 11 35 AM File fol Computer di Scanned Documents 1 31 2013 3 12PM File fol _ aI Im t ECW JPEG2000 Files ecw jAk j2c jpa jpe jpt jpx Image Library Files bmp ecw gff Image Servers a Manifold Image Servers OGC WMS Servers TeraServer Server Data Sources 4 A Link Manifold Image Server Data dialog box will open showing the latitude and longitude of map image that will be downloaded Note the values of longitude and latitude can be changed Link Manifold Image Sr ail m Server Manifold IMS Web Sike Ure custom server URL URL http Scale Longitude Latitude Cache data between sessions 121 968760874937 1220073434165 10 924455255315 10 944791350550 Proxy 5 Under the Server box select Virtual Earth Satellite Image or any other server of preferen
140. icensing System Quantum GIS for Android Another relatively development is that Quantum GIS an open source mature GIS package is now also available as GIS package for Android devices We have been testing the android version of Quantum GIS and even though there are some issues with the screen size and stability of the different versions the development looks very promising You may have a complete GIS on your tablet Unlike the other tools which mainly focus on the collection of data having a complete GIS means that you can also check in the field if your GIS data are up to date This could be a great tool for checking real property data For practical reasons it may be good to work on a 10 inch tablet or use one of the android tablets for use so that the screen size is not a limiting factor The screen size now is no limitation for the display of the maps but the user interface _and the tables are hard to view on a smaller tablet A device _with a stylus has added benefits for editing map layers The installer for Quantum GIS for android can be downloaded here http hub qgis org projects android qgis Before you install it may be wise to check the website to see if your device is supported Session 11 8 7 Provincial Map Viewer resp GIZ DP and GIZ ENRD have seen the need with many planners to have an easy to use tool for spatial information related to planning In many municipalities the GIS capacity is low a
141. ics of a waypoint e Set up a track e Find back a location e Delete a waypoint e Collect waypoints for georeferencing session 11 4 2 Importing GPS data into Manifold System with developing technologies and insights these methods are changing This manual will describe two different methods These methods are necessary since not in all cases does Manifold System GIS recognize the GPS if it is connected to a computer The first method is by directly importing data from the GPS into Manifold System GIS the second one is by using a free support program called DNRGPS T here are a number of ways to import data from the GPS into the GIS and Working To use the data collected with our GPS in Manifold System i they have to be imported In order to do this we have to method USING open the GPS pane using tools customize GPS console Man fold The following pane will appear system GIS GPS Console ES EEEE Drawing Refresh 1 secs Datum World Geodetic 1984 Wasaa Altitude Mag bearing Mag variation Latitude Longitude Disconnected Next connect the USB unit to the computer using the USB cable and switch on the GPS When the GPS is connected use the first button u to connect to the GPS or to disconnect If the GPS unit does not automatically appear then press the properties button and change the settings GPS Receiver Properties Device Garmin USB GPS F Baud rate 4800 OK Data bits
142. ies roads sidewalks in black When this map is overlaid with a high resolution aerial photograph it shows the extent of the building footprint as known by the Office of the Building Official in combination with the actual size of the building Using these two images the situation can be compared the building footprints have been made yellow for better visibility The extent of the undocumented expansion to the building is now measured and since the owner of the property is known records in City hall can be checked and if desired the owner will be invited to offer an explanation and may be requested to pay additional taxes Even though this example comes from the Netherlands and focuses on the building footprints The same method can be used in the Philippines to determine where people are encroaching on government property or especially in subdivisions see where people have been improving their property without the right permits Example terrain modelling For Cebu City the elevations are known as they are digitized from the topographic maps The first image shows the elevation of the City low lying at the coastal zone and high in the mountains IF the elevations are known and available in raster format then a GIS can also calculate the slope at each given location N Cebu City Elevation be ol u wratatre a Coopmas Cebu City Slopes on contourines Elevation lt 100 m MSL 3 g Besebes E
143. ific features in the database and present them in the map This is one of the main features of the GIS This principle is demonstrated again in the following image where the corresponding elements in the map and database are colored blue a Ce O Op ah 0 ee Fa eT T 7 m h T bu ci pray e mooi 14 u Ganao leana eas i T ad ji Cebu Cty 48 ir Heas o Kerle T See Senbag Cebu CR The element in the map with the blue outline is described in the database as barangay Guadalupe in Cebu City with zip code 6000 and vice versa the record in the database is located in the map at the exact location of the blue outline The barangay is colored red because in 1998 it has a big amount of dengue cases which are represented per barangay from white no dengue via yellow green and pink to red many cases of dengue en 7 Module 11 Session 11 3 Introduction to Manifold System nn a OVERVIEW Manifold System is a Geographic Information System GIS software package A GIS package is different than an atlas package such as Microsoft s Streets and Trips that can display only one built in read only map A GIS can work with many different maps and can be used to create new maps to edit maps and to combine maps with database information Manifold System is a word processor for maps that will let you create new maps or ed
144. in areas near the Equator but results in immense distortion close as measurements approaches the poles There are other ways of transferring points from the surface of the globe onto an enclosing cylinder Most of these such as the Mercator Projection use some mathematical formula to alter the ratio between degrees of latitude on the globe and vertical measurements on the cylinder What they all have in common is that accuracy is good near the Equator where the cylinder is very close to the globe To a greater or lesser degree all cylindrical projections centred on the Equator fall off in accuracy as distance from the Equator increases If we wish to make maps of places along the Equator we could use a cylindrical projection and just show those regions What would be shown in those maps would be relatively free of distortion One problem with this is that the Equator for the most part lies over water whereas the greatest demand for maps is in populated zones A quick glance at a world map shows that most populated zones occur in a North South direction Turning the cylinder so that it is tangent to the Earth along a meridian longitude line instead of tangent to the Equator results in what is called a Transverse Cylindrical Projection We can now make local maps anywhere along the darker North South line of tangency and if the maps are not too big they will be relatively free of distortion However this only works along the line of tangency If
145. ines and areas that make up a drawing Legends are not edited using tools such as painting tools for an image or the various editing tools available for drawings Instead legends are edited using settings in the Legend dialog Except for layouts each component has one legend A component remembers the settings for its legend as part of the properties of that component Print layouts may contain multiple legends including even multiple copies of the legend for each component that appears as an element in the layout An entire legend or any part of a legend may be composed for us automatically by the system or we can manually specify all or any part of a legend _Automatically created legend items may be dynamically updated if the information they show such as thematic _ formatting changes Dynamic and static parts of legends may be mixed so that part of a legend such as a title may be manually specified while other parts such as the colours and values for thematic formatting may be dynamically generated by the system Before you add a legend to a map or a layout it is good practice to consider the look and feel of your map layer first e s the name in the properties pane that will show in the legend logical Barangay boundaries vs prgy_bnd drawing e Are the units in my legend logical and consistent for instance an automated class may reach from 0 4 98 Setting this from 0 5 makes a lot more sens
146. ionale and the objectives of undertaking land use and development planning by the local government units ii Appreciate the history of the development of GIS and its close relationship with physical and development planning iii Take cognizance of the use of GIS as a support system for land use and development planning and iv Recognize the many dimensions functions scales sectors and stages of land use and development planning and the role that GIS plays in each of these aspects v have insight in the role of maps in planning _ DURATION At most two 2 hours EA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY PLAN Topics to be covered i Nature rationale and basis of land use and development planning ii Use and functions of GIS in support of land use and development planning and iii Role of GIS in the different dimensions and functions of land use and development planning Procedure i Prepare PowerPoint presentation providing a brief and basic information on the basis of land use and development planning Information may be culled from the 1991 Local Government Code including an elaboration of the dual role of LGUs as a body politic and body corporate From these information one can easily generate the primary goals and objectives of land use and development planning ii Discuss GIS and its contribution to the development of the physical and development planning field Describe the practice of planning prior t
147. is important to describe procedures and stick to them For instance we would like to follow the Same procedures and classify the same elements when doing a survey of features in a barangay If all barangays will be surveyed in a different way the results may vary greatly within one municipality Also for data that may have legal or financial consequences CLUP tax mapping procedures may be of great help Session 11 2 3 GIS as a Tool In most of our work GIS is not a goal in itself but a tool to GIS as a Tool be used to solve problems with a spatial content Since the _ problems on our world are often complex a GIS user needs to be able to combine his or her field of expertise with the technical skills of GIS both software and concepts These skills should be founded on a solid understanding of geographical and attribute data Additional value can be obtained if the GIS expert is able to translate problems proposals and policies into a step by step GIS approach and _ present the answers or elements for discussion using maps tables and graphs This process can be visualized as follows Ma ent Fiel As with all skills these are best learned by doing so therefore we propose to have a number of exercises and examples in the toolkit which range from step by step exercises to more complex questions where only an approach and necessary data will be given With this in mind typical GIS questions can be defined in
148. is tab and open the tab for Universal Transverse Mercator Navigate to Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 51 N In the field underneath Just leave the Datum as is World Geodetic 1984 WGS84 It should look like this see next page Assign Projection 3 i 4 Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 47 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 48 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 49 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 50 N Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 51 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 52 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 53 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 54 N Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 55 N Center Latitude Center Longitude x 0 00 1 00 200000 00 0 00 _ Clip coordinates _ Autosuggest local values Preserve local values And click OK To finalize the Projection Right click again GPS Data then click Assign Projection and click OK Your drawing with GPS data is now ready for use Depending on the data of the survey it may contain the following data e Waypoints as points e Tracks as lines e Routes as lines Working DNRGPS is an Open Source program that provides users with the ability to transfer data between handheld GPS receivers method USING and GIS software DNRGPS accommodates newer GPS DN RG P S models and is available for the Open Source community to modify and share The program can be downl
149. istics They also have information about the map and places in it Wikipedia In an atlas all maps are static They have their set colours coding themes etc which as a user you can see but not alter In contrast a GIS can be used to view many different maps from many different sources and create entirely new maps or to edit and combine existing ones GIS is an active system This is one of the major differences between a true GIS program and an atlas program There is an increasing trend to use the term geospatial instead of GIS What is the difference between geospatial and GIS Although some may use the terms geospatial and GIS interchangeably there is a distinctive difference between the two GIS refers more narrowly to the traditional definition of using layers of geographic data to produce spatial analysis and derivative maps Geospatial is more broadly use to refer to all technologies and applications of geographic data For example social media sites such as Facebook allow us to check in at specific places or that allow us to geographically tag their statuses While those applications are considered to be geospatial they don t fall under the stricter GIS definition Other quotes to answer What is GIS In the strictest sense a GIS is a computer system capable of assembling storing manipulating and displaying geographically referenced information i e data identified according to their locations Practitione
150. it existing maps It is also a database system for maps that will allow you to embed database information into a map so that the map can be used as a visual interface into the data Anyone can use Manifold System interactively to create new maps or to explore database information displayed within a map In the hands of experienced users with programming skills Manifold System may be used to create new applications to work with maps images surfaces and databases After this Session you will 1 Have a basic knowledge of the Manifold System functionality 2 Know how to add drawings and images and how to change the colours of the drawings 3 Know how to create maps and add labels 4 Have insight in the main components of Manifold System as panes toolbars and the Status bar _ DURATION 6 hours CONTENT AND ACTIVITY Topics to be covered 1 Installing Manifold System GIS 2 The user interface 3 Adding Data into Manifold System 4 Create overlays of components Images Drawings SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY Presentations Exercises Demonstrations P lt lt RESOURCES NEEDED For this session you need a computer with a working Manifold System license and the data for the exercises from the DVD In order to have no problem with read write access to the data please copy the exercises from Lesson 2 to a place on your computer The exercises from this Lesson are described in the exer
151. line Drawing u Contour line Table Er Province_poly Drawing u Province_poly Table Layers Map gt 2 HK H 4 H Contour_line Drawing Province_poly Drawing Latitude Longitude 123 08 03 E12 02 31 M Example of a map view Navigation The navigation toolbar figure below is used to navigate in toolbar geographical data such as drawings or images This is only active when the geographical data window is open Normally it is docked in the main window of Manifold System looking like Navigation 121365630 BA EN Navigation toolbar Projecti J Manitoid System File Edit View Image Tools Window Help 1 213 656 30 AQIQA GB Alg D a AA e e m reren Docked navigation toolbar Hint When you hover your mouse arrow above the buttons without clicking the function of the button appears in a text bar The scale indicates the current scale when it is empty you should check the projection of the active window see further in Map projections and transformations Below the functions of the buttons are summarised you activate a button function by clicking it once by clicking it again you turn it off Try them after you have imported and opened a drawing or image Back Go back one view in the current component window Forward Go forward one view in the current component window 110 000 000 00 Zoom scale combo Choose a zoom scale from a variet
152. llowing paragraphs Type ID Integer 32 bit unsigned F Name Text ANSI fixedtength W Length 1 Floating point double E Type Lookup C Branches T Integer 32 bit unsigned Coordinates 1 Integer 32 bit unsigned x Floating point double Fra Floating point double Computing using fields of tables active columns To compute new fields using existing fields of tables similar to formulas in MS excel Manifold System uses Active Columns Functions have to be written in a scripting language In the following example we will use an active column to automatically calculate the population data in a barangay for 2005 based on the population from 2000 For this example we _ just assume a uniform growth of 5 TO CREATE AN ACTIVE COLUMN 1 Open the table 2 Right click on a column head and choose Add gt Active Column or choose Table gt Add gt Active Column from the main menu 3 Specify the function name the name to appear on the column head and the data type returned by the function see figure below Set Language to VBScript The data type requires special attention If you expect decimals smaller than 1 be sure to select floating point single or floating point double Single or Double refers to the amount of decimals In case of doubt refer to Help gt Index and type field types Add Active Column 3 Language VBScript Add r
153. m owners of land adjacent to the city border that a new hospital will be built You can use Select adjacent to to find those land parcels that are adjacent to the city border 1 Create a Map File gt Create gt Map and add a city border drawing and land owners drawing Open the Map 2 In the Choose All objects in land owners as target in Target box 3 Choose Select adjacent to in Operator box 4 Choose All objects in city border in the Parameter box 5 Press Apply Select Intersecting Suppose you want to know in how many municipalities one single highway is located You can use Select Intersecting to select all these municipalities 1 Create a Map containing a Highway drawing lines or areas and a Municipality drawing areas Open it 2 Select the highway in question by clicking it with the mouse or selecting it using the select toolbar 3 Choose All objects in Municipalities in the Target box 4 Choose Select Intersecting 5 Choose Selection in Highway and press Apply This also shows you can use a previous selection in the operation Selections made in the single drawings can be used as well as saved selections from the Selection pane Select Containing Suppose you have a point drawing of all the airports in the country but you want to know in which municipality they are located Fortunately you have a municipality drawing containing the municipal areas With select containing you can
154. m to be near the center of the opened window Note In order to create holes in polygons as the island in the M above picture Such areas are called branched or complex areas To create such areas in Manifold System use a CTRL click between several sequences of boundary line clicks We would then click once at a new starting point and click to the first position to change direction Just as before as we click our way around the periphery of the hole the boundary preview line will rubber band from the starting position to the current mouse position _ Manifold System knows that after the CTRL click we have drawn a _ figure within a figure so it knows this is to be a hole or an island and creates the complex area accordingly Had we drawn the second figure outside the first figure it would have been drawn as an island In fact we can draw complex overlapping figures by CTRL clicking between them to create new areas of great topological complexity Note to keep things reasonably obvious it is usually best to create complex areas with holes or islands but not with complex internal overlaps Digitizing using snap tools For precise drawing the Snap Tools are useful When snapping is turned on the cursor snaps to the nearest item defined as snap to item This ensures seamless continuation of the digitized object Snap Tools can be turned on through menu Edit gt Snap to One can choose to snap to Graticule Grid Are
155. make the biggest on the ground difference Crowd sourced citizen cartographers can help make it happen after Empowering Citizen Cartographers By CAROLINE ANSTEY Published January 13 2012 In the following paragraphs we would like to demonstrate to you a number of the tools and resources that may help you in your future projects DE Anstey Caroline 2012 Empowering Citizen Cartographers New York Times Crowdmap http www crowdmap com Harrassmap http www harrassmap com Open Data Kit http www opendatakit org Open Street Map Philippines http www openstreetmap com GIS tailor made Inc 2012 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte Functional Design GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines GIS tailor made Inc 2011 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte Inception report GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines GIS tailor made Inc 2012 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte Harmonization of data GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines GIS tailor made Inc 2012 A GIS viewer for Leyte and Southern Leyte user manual GIZ ENRD and DP programs Philippines QuantumGIS for Android http hub qgis org projects android gis USHAHIDI http www ushahidi com Votereport Philippines http www votereport com WIKEPEDIA Echo Sounding http en wikipedia org wiki Echo_sounding GPS Galileo Session 11 8 1 New developments in Global Navigation Satellite System _A
156. ment Transmitted and retumed D 1 2 v t Measured depth is function of pulse travel time t pulse velocity in water v From Wikipedia source EM 1110 2 1003 Manual of Hydrographic l l Surveying based upon Principle of SBES jpg by en User Mredmayne by on of this depth is required Brandon T Fields cdated via the US Army Corps of Engineers ned with a GPS unit and some those locations note an additional handheld GPS may be needed to navigate the area ina predefined pattern to make sure the area is well mapped Geoplan staff installing the transducer and GPS unit on the outrigger of a banca using an aluminum rod clamps and tie wires The transducer can be either placed on a fixed location in the boat usually through the hull so that all the cables can be kept out of the way or an external fixture has to be made Having the transducer fixed in the hull has the advantage that once placed the location is good and the depth sounder is easily made operational It can however not easily be transferred to another boat Having an external mount for the transducer and GPS makes it possible to work from a broad range of boats and banka s As opposed to the one beam from a single beam depth sounder a multi beam uses more than beam and therefore can map out a bigger area in one sweep Most modern systems work by transmitting a broad acoustic fan shaped pulse from a specially designed transducer across t
157. mp Seer xX t o a GPS Data E GPS Data Table H a Roads Drawing In the project pane there is a new Drawing component named GPS Data and if desired this can be renamed to a more logical name To rename the dataset use the right mouse button on the component and select Rename Component Name GPS Data Change to GPS Data Adjust names of dependent components ox cancel Make sure that the box for Adjust names of dependent components is checked so that the renaming is done consistently for all components After this it is good practice to make sure that the data are set in the right coordinate system more on that in Lesson 4 In Manifold System this is a two step process First make sure that the current projection is assigned correctly the next step is to change it into a new one 1 To do so again right mouse click on the name of the component in the project pane and select Assign Projection World Geodetic 1984 WGS34 Local offset 0 00 0 00 Local scale 1 00 1 00 Scale correcton 1 00 1 00 False easting northing 0 00 0 00 Clip coordinates Autosuggest local values Preserve local values Click Ok to assign the projection and then right click again on the name of the component in the Project pane but now select Change Projection Change from the current Latitude Longitude to UTM Universal Transverse Mercator Click on the checkbox in front of standard to close th
158. n in our map can be described with a pair of X and Y coordinates The list of coordinates will allow us to reproduce the drawing in the future but it does not tell us the size of the paper used or what each unit is intended to represent in real life For example if we originally used a graphing paper with a one millimetre mesh to measure coordinates and then one day re created our drawing using graph paper that had a 1 8 th inch mesh the two drawings would not be the same size Likewise it makes a big difference if each unit is supposed to represent one inch or one centimetre We could add some metadata data about the data to the drawing by writing in a note one drawing unit equals one inch to tell us the scale This would allow us to make measurements in our drawing and to compare those measurements to real life Smart drawing formats used to save digital drawings will save the intended scale together with the lists of coordinates This allows programs that read such formats to automatically have the correct scale into account Surprisingly many formats fail to take this simple step We can specify which way our drawing faces in real life by assuming that North is always up in the drawing By doing this we can assume that Y coordinates going in the positive direction are headed North and that positive X coordinates are headed East We could also add metadata that specify where the drawing is located on the Earth Such a metadat
159. n mode to on the fly To do this open the table right click the header of the active column and choose edit Use of on the fly mode will prevent most script editing operations in the script window therefore to change the script again reset the compute option to on user request Active Columns can contain programs written in any ActiveX scripting language or any NET language available in your system Mostly the standard setting of Visual Basic Script VBScript will do More information help gt index gt type active columns or look at the following example on the internet for automatically calculating the area in acres for parcels http www georeference org doc show_area_of_a_parcel_in_acres htm Computing using fields of tables transformation toolbar Another way to calculate values in fields is to use the transformation toolbar If you open the table of a drawing the transformation toolbar also opens We can use this to do many calculations For instance if have a _ drawing with municipalities and that has the area in square meters but want to have the area in hectares will take the following steps 1 Open the table 2 From the menu select table gt Add Column Name it area Ha and make sure it has a floating format Add Coker 2s Name area ha 3 Next in the table open the transformation toolbar and add the areas from the field area into the new column This will have the effect that the areas
160. names used for control points within the reference component or target component correspond to the same location For example we could use the name Church entrance for control points in both the reference component and the target component These two points with the same name will be matched during the geo registration process The choice of names is free Some users prefer long descriptive names while others prefer short names Adding a Control Point to a Component using the Mouse 1 10 11 12 Import both the image to be geo registered target component and the reference either drawing or image Then go to View gt Panes gt Control Points This opens the Control point pane Open one of the components Zoom into the location where the control point is to be located if greater accuracy is required Use the Navigation toolbar for these OR the wheel mouse button for faster zooming Click on the New Control Point button Ea in the Control Points pane s toolbar Click the location in the component where the control point should be It will appear in the drawing and a new control point row with coordinates will appear in the Control Points pane If the name assigned to the control point by default is not logical double click onto the name to change it Now do this alternately for both the source and the target component until you have at least 3 more is better matching points Best is to scatter the points across
161. nd labels as layers in a map window An important function of maps is showing the data they contain in projected form where the native coordinates of drawings are transformed into a desired geographic or other projection and where images are referenced into the desired coordinate system and shown in projected form Map windows are the main user interfaces within Manifold System Maps are used not only for geographic presentation but also for working with non geographic images and drawings in many layers Surfaces Surfaces are raster data sets that contain data values such as elevations for each location They are almost exactly analogous to images except that instead of a colour value for each pixel they contain a data value The default way to show a surface is as a shaded relief 2D image Surfaces are called grids in some GIS packages Surfaces may also be linked from queries or tables in which case they are indicated with an icon that incorporates a database cylinder Terrains Terrains are surfaces shown in three dimensional views Every terrain has a parent surface Terrains are most often used to show 3D views of the surface of the Earth based on terrain elevation data however they may also be used to see abstract data such as population gradients temperatures or other data as 3D surfaces Each surface can have an unlimited number of terrain views created for it Customizing Manifold System As with most sof
162. nd this data may be outdated relatively soon There is not yet a standard GIS data warehouse in the Philippines although steps are now being taken This means for now that the sharing of data and therefore also the data collection is not yet standardized It may therefore payoff to ask around with co workers and other GIS users if they have data available before venturing into expensive trips and requests Most GIS users are willing to share data and knowledge Please check the extras on the DVD for an article of the development of a GIS clearing house in the Philippines General data NAMRIA The National Mapping and Resource Information Authority _ NAMRIA surveys and maps the land and water resources of the Philippines One of its major mandates is to provide both the public and private sectors with mapmaking services as well as geographic and resource information Apart from the topographic map NAMRIA is also a source for satellite images and all kinds of different maps such as elevation maps land cover maps and nautical charts An overview of maps and services can be found in their catalogue on their website _ http www namria gov ph NAMRIA also provides trainings and a number of services with respect to GPS and surveying The NAMRIA topographic maps can be downloaded _as high quality JPG from http www namria gov ph topo50Index aspx By using the coordinate information on the corners of the map and the projection
163. nd this means that those who need insight in spatial data cannot always obtain this It was also observed that collecting the data needed for a Comprehensive Land Use Plan is a both time and money consuming effort where many datasets are obtained from national Government Agencies but each municipality had to collect these for itself For this reason a simple map viewer was developed The Provincial Map Viewer has the following goals Te GIZ programs on Decentralization and Environment and Rural Development e t should be easy to use and support local and regional planners with information relevant to the planning process e Users should be able to perform basic GIS actions like combining layers Zooming in and out and make basic selections printing a map etc For more complex questions a GIS should be used e The viewer can contain data on provincial level with respect to planning data regional natural hazard data and local data on municipal infrastructure and local real property tax information All map layers can be added with meta information describing the quality and source of the information e It should run on all windows based PC s and there is no need for Internet Access 5 TatukGIS Yiewer leyte TTKGP 10 x File Edit View Select Layer Measure Tools Help ws Boe 8 F ea 9n He oE ORAL Toy 2 x Aghisend n O Er A ayy NGON E M Provincial data ik an sie nE Kii data
164. ndroid devices Open Data Kit Provincial Map Viewer Be o ea a SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY e Presentation e Self study e Demonstration when requested NN lt RESOURCES NEEDED For this module there are no special requirements needed From the earliest history in cave drawings to navigational charts to GPS people have created and used maps to help them define order and navigate their worlds Four hundred years ago it was cartographers often working alone who used the stars mathematics and early attempts to represent longitude to map the New World Today it s crowds not scholars who are charting their own world A combination of the old art of mapping with the relatively new art of crowd sourcing the open calls for action via the Web offers the potential to open up a new path for the developing world helping citizens map their own country s facilities and thereby have a greater say in charting the future Citizen cartographers can be a powerful force In the aftermath of the Haiti earthquake rescue workers used real time data uploads on Open Street Map via text and cell phone messages to help create up to date maps of Haiti and find the injured Engineers from around the globe gathered virtually to assess the damage In the 17th century imperial cartographers had an advantage over local communities They could see the big picture In the 21st century the tables have turned Local communities can
165. new generation of American GPS satellites offer an even more accurate determination two times more accurate of your position by using an improved atomic clock better resistance against disturbances of the signal and by having a longer estimated lifespan The new satellites will be used for both military and civil aviation use and offers more possibilities for search and rescue The GPS IIF builds on 30 years of experience with the existing 39 satellites The GPS IIF satellite is crucial for the keeping the GPS _constellation available worldwide for its over one billion users in civil commercial and military applications Galileo is a global navigation satellite system GNSS currently being built by the European Union EU and European Space Agency ESA The project is named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei A major aim of Galileo is to provide a high precision positioning system upon which European nations can rely independently from the Russian GLONASS the US based GPS and Chinese Compass systems Basic navigation services will be free of charge Galileo is intended to provide horizontal and vertical position measurements within 1meter precision and better positioning services at high latitudes than other positioning systems As a further feature Galileo will provide a unique global search and rescue SAR function Satellites will be equipped with a transponder that will relay distress signals from the user s t
166. ng data colte llect v1 1 4 Enter New Data Review Saved Data 0 KS es Send Completed Data 0 Manage Files household demo rename File Edit View Help Enter the basic data about the report Report_data Select the surveyor LINEO required Enter the date of the survey Date required Enter the family data Famil display on one screen Enter the family name ramname Enter the size of the family ran_size that both location and a visual image of phenomena can be recorded and used There are a number of tools who use these tools for a structured data collection and therefore moving from paper based interviews to a more digital environment There are a number of tools using android cell phones and tablets and a good and easy to use tool is ODK or Open Data Kit www opendatakit org Open Data Kit has three modules 1 ODK Build a web based module for the design of questionnaires This module needs a username password and after a questionnaire is built it can be either uploaded on a server aggregate for future download and use on a tablet or it can be directly downloaded to a device The structure of building forms on the web is structured and quite easy Signed in as ubo_pakes Sign out Properties Data Name The data name of this field in the final exported XML Surveyor Caption Text Th e name of this field as it is presented to the user English Sele
167. ng to give you the bearing towards the desired location N Z Hint Your GPS unit comes with some free data from the Philippines However this free data is low in quality and completeness In order to receive a good base map of the Philippines for Garmin users you can join the free GPS mapping project Roadguide Philippines at v http www roadquide ph After registration you can download a good GPS map of the Philippines Using MapSource you can upload it to your device You are also invited to contribute your own data If you do that you can place your municipality on the map and stimulate tourism because suddenly GPS users can find roads restaurants resorts etc and in return you can download an even better map A win win situation Another source of update for your internal base map of your GPS device S through this link http esambale wikispaces com osmphil_garmin This site provides the road data from openstreetmaps a free worldwide map created by people like you The data is free to download and use under its open license You can create a free account if you register to http www openstreetmap org and start adding your own data set to map out your area The site regularly updates its data so it is better to check from time to time if there is one Now it s time to go outside for a demo and do a number of GPS exercises e Check the GPS settings e Mark a location with a waypoint e Change the characterist
168. nged Import Image Lookin Antique_cropped_jpg t Name Di ADRG Files thf Pig u BMP File J dib u ElBugasong_en CADRG ei aie pa Caluya_cropp er en vai a Patnongon d E JPEG2000 Files Ta ix 2e pr jpe jpf jpx i Quipit_cropp EMF Files emf wmf Desktop ENVI IMG Files hdr img lm San Jose_crof ERDAS IMG Files img ip Tigbauan_crc ERS Fles ers Recent Places GIF Files gif Rigel HDE Files haf Gertjan KML KMZ Files JPEG Files jpg jpeg T NITF Files rtf VE FPEX Files pcx c wath PNG Files png Computer PPM Files ppm SGI Files sgi SID Files sid SPOT Files dat SRTM Files hgt inc mag pol emr SUN Files sun TGA Files tga TIFF Files tif tiff Data Sources 0 Open as read only Showing a ana s table To delete an Image from the project Select it in the Project pane right click it and choose Delete or press the Delete button in the Project Pane x Exporting data _ All data in the project pane can be exported to be kept as separate files outside a project You can export all components such as tables to excel files Images Drawings to various kinds of output files 1 Open the component to export by double clicking it in the project pane 2 Go to File gt Export choose the export type 3 The Export window opens Browse to the location you want to save to file to 4 Select the desired file
169. nguent Delinguent Delinguent Delinquem Delinquent Delinquent Delinquent BARANGAY QUEZON Municipality of Tabontabon Leyte Delinquent Delinquent Delinquent Delinquent Sources PLUDP Barangay Thematic Maps TAX DENR LAMP NAMRIA Topo Map Google Earth Satellite Imagel GPS Survey MIT Staff Barangay Officials of Tabontabon E77 Municipal Boundary Example Land use plan This map shows the comprehensive land use plan for Silago Southern Leyte Dt giz IEG LAND USE MAP Data Gathered 2008 2010 Electrical Post area Glone Srrart Cainan area Reservar WATER USE Crosia bes AQUA CULTURE WO Wera decoys Fenpone COASTAL amp MARINE RESOUCES Session 11 2 5 GIS software There are many GIS software packages in the world and many of them are used in the Philippines as well This paragraph wants to give you short background information on some of the most used GIS software Arcview 3 x ArcView 3 x was a geographic information system software product produced by ESRI It was replaced by ArcGIS in 2000 and is no longer available ArcView started as a graphical program for spatial data and maps made using ESRl s other N software products Over time more and more functionality i h was added to ArcView and it became a real GIS program ArcView capable of complex analysis and data management Its simple user interface was preferred by many over the less user friendly more powerful ARC INFO
170. now what type of field you are querying usually it is text based or numeric integer or floating To find out open the table right click the Field header and choose Format Examples for numeric or text based queries SELECT FROM MUNICIPALITIES Table WHERE POPULATION lt 2000 SELECT FROM MUNICIPALITIES Table WHERE HOTELS lt 30 OR HOTELS I gt 40 SELECT FROM MUNICIPALITIES Table WHERE MUNICIPALI SAN JOSE Keyboard shortcuts e When pressing the key in query building gives you a list of tables and fields to choose from to facilitate writing the right key e Pressing CTRL SPACE or CTRL J gives you an available list of queries For standard examples look in Help gt Index and type Query Templates for all expressions refer to Help gt Index gt type SQL Reserved Words Index Session 11 6 3 Analysis using the transformation toolbar editing and transformation of the contents of the active window The transform toolbar s operators box will be loaded with the applicable operators for whatever type of window is active drawing image etc The transform toolbar is also used to make spatial selections using commands such as Select Touching or Select Contained within that work between sets of objects Because transform operators are highly specific to the type of window that is active the transform toolbar is covered in detail within topics for each different component that has transform toolbar operat
171. ns Land cover categories used by EcoGov are largely based on the SSC map although some of the categories were aggregated The boundaries are indicated as technical description sometimes accompanied by maps Development e Project control maps inthe CENRO and PENRO offices Updated by the CENRO and PENRO offices yearly or when new tenure is issued NAMRIA 1 50 000 Reprints of 1950s Individual houses are interpretation of shown as small black aerial box symbols photographs some features are updated in the reprints Community maps raten eae ie M that are produced per usually represent the arangay settlement areas by e from other individually drawing development projects the houses in the area e The Barangay Health Center of the e city municipal LGUs also map the location of settlements as part of their annual census update Part of the requirements of the CMBP is to conduct community mapping Namria 1 50 000 Reprints of 1950s Most of the national interpretation of highways and aerial provincial roads are photographs some indicated roads are updated in the reprints LGU physical and Prepared in socioeconomic varied profile in their CLUPs scales List is updated by the Coordinates of water National Water permits locations is Resource Board available from the list NWRB which includes name of permittee permit type charges etc Data from the reports of National Irrigation Administration
172. ns Raster data is cell based data such as aerial _ imagery and digital elevation models Coupled with this data is usually data known as attribute data Attribute data generally defined as additional information about each spatial feature housed in tabular format The spatial data describe where the feature is located while the attribute data describe what it is Documentation of GIS datasets is _known as metadata Metadata contains such information as the coordinate system when the data was created when it _was last updated who created it and how to contact them _and definitions for any of the attribute data People Well trained GIS professionals knowledgeable in spatial analysis and skilled in using GIS software are essential to the GIS process There are three factors to the people component education career path and networking The right education is the key taking the right combination of classes Selecting the right type of GIS job is important A person highly skilled in GIS analysis should not seek a job as a GIS developer if they haven t taken the necessary programming classes Finally continuous networking with _other GIS professionals is essential for the exchange of ideas as well as a support community Procedures In every organization there are procedures which should be followed to ensure the quality and the status of the work done GIS is not different in this Also at points where this is not apparent at first it
173. nto a model and a language that computers can comprehend You can do this by means of spatial data modelling The process of defining and organizing data about the real world into a consistent digital dataset that is useful and reveals information Goodchild 1992 The model is a simplified representation of only those features that are of importance to the user For instance in the following picture you see an image of the world that has been organized or dissected into layers Each layer represents a specific type of information about the world that is important to us in our GIS project Figure 1 the GIS layer model ESRI x In this example you can find information on Addresses zones elevation parcels rivers and addresses Please note that the layers you are not necessary visible in the real world Streets An example is the zoning information in the example above but you can also think of a a barangay and municipal boundaries etc Parcels Within a GIS every description of the environment has two different types of spatial or geographic information attributes Elevation where is the object situated and non spatial attributes or descriptive attributes These attribute data describe the features Zoning on the map the geographic data Only if both spatial and non spatial attributes are available you can perform a useful analysis ina GIS The model is a simplified representation of only those feat
174. o the onset of computer based information system particularly the use of paper maps in depicting base and thematic maps for land use planning Explain also the process of land use and suitability analysis using the hand drawn map overlay technique and how the process has evolved into a computer based geographic information system iii Present and explain the different functions and technical contributions of GIS in local development planning These include spatial tool box for physical planning and database management GIS as a spatial tool box provides planners and local technical staff to undertake spatial analysis functions such as map overlay analysis connectivity and buffer Database management function allows for the storage of spatial and attribute data and links these two vital information sources using geo relational models iv The final part of the presentation centers on the role of GIS vis a vis dimensions and functions of land use and development planning GIS and its various functionalities are relevant not only in terms of its contribution to the formulation of the plan itself but also in the areas of general development administration and development control Examples include management of land use records building permit application land use monitoring locational clearance application land availability etc SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY PowerPoint Presentation Lecture Discussion N lt RESOURCES NEEDE
175. oaded here htt www dnr state mn us mis 9is DNRGPS DNRGPS html Installation is simple DNRGPS is a self contained program which means it can be run from anywhere a hard drive an usb drive a network location Simply unzip the DNRGPS _ folder and place in the location of your choice The working procedures are as follows 1 e Connect your GPS unit to the computer through a USB cable and turn the GPS unit ON 2 On your desktop shortcut icons double click the dnrgps program which is installed in your computer File Edit GPS Waypoint Track Route RealTime Help garmin GPSMAP 78s Software Version 300 4 The DNR GPS Properties window will appear Select WGS 84 as Datum and UTM zone 51N as Projection proj utm zone 51 ellps WGS84 datum WGS84 units m no_defs lt gt PROJCS WGS_1584_UTM_ one_S1N GEOGCS GCS WGS_1984 DATUM D_WGS_ 1584 5 e Close the DNR GPS Properties window Click File again Load From File to browse your GPS data Projection UTM zone 51N 6 e The Load From File window will appear go to Removable Disk which is your GPS internal memory click on the dropdown arrow at the right side lower part and select GPS Exchange Format gpx as the default file format of the GPSMAP 78s then find the Garmin folder and double click to Open B Load From File i So i Te Fla Computer Removable Disk F Search Removable Disk F D Organize New folder
176. oint must also be your end point of the survey to close the area You can also calculate the area later after processing in your GIS Navigate to a location Using a GPS we can navigate to a known location or coordinate that has been stored in the GPS Proper Map Datum must be set and the exercise will involve editing of waypoints Note You can input or edit waypoints even in GPS Off mode 1 Press and hold the Enter Mark key to capture a waypoint 2 Do not press Enter again just in the conventional capturing of waypoint We have to edit first the values of the waypoint 3 Move the Rocker key up and down left or right to highlight the desired values to be edited This will take a while to learn but just think of it as learning how to use a new gadget a new cell phone 4 Always press Enter key if you are done in editing a certain value 5 Input the desired coordinates and name of the waypoints that the trainers will give 6 Press OK if you are done editing to save the coordinate 7 Now you are ready to navigate Navigating Go outside where there are no overhead obstructions an open field and turn the GPS unit On Hold the GPS unit in a proper way that the receiver will not be blocked so as to have an accurate GPS satellite signal Once you have GPS satellites signal displayed on the Satellite page and a good accuracy lt 10 meters press Find key gt Waypoints The Waypoints list page will be display
177. oint presentation and even during lecture discussion that concepts and principles are explained in a way that can easily appreciated by the participants ii This is to be followed by an introduction on Geographic Information System GIS and its role in facilitating the process of land and water use planning and development iii A video presentation may follow demonstrating the use of GIS in physical and development planning iv Finally PowerPoint slides will be presented situating the role of GIS in the entire SIMPLE framework and explaining the types of information that can be processed and generated using GIS SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY PowerPoint Presentation Video Presentation Lecture Discussion method N lt RESOURCES NEEDED e Laptop computer LCD projector and screen e Videos on GIS and its sample applications e Hand outs and photocopies of printed materials and documents La Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit GIZ 2010 Sustainable Integrated Management and Planning for Local Government Ecosystems SIMPLE Facilitators Guidebook Manila GIZ Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board 2007 CLUP GIS Guidebook A Guide to Comprehensive Land Use Data Management Quezon City HLURB Lange Andreas C Astilla D Nuevas M Moyano 2012 SIMPLE Sustainable Integrated Management and Planning for Local Government Ecosystem Manila GIZ Module 11 Session 11 1
178. omponent s actual Projection To verify the original projection 1 Right click the component in the Project pane choose Assign projection 2 The assign projection window opens Assign Projection Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 43 N Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 44 N Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 45 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 46 N Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 47 N A Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 48 N Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 49 N Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 50 N Qa Universal Transverse Mercator Zone 51 N Center Latitude Center Longitude X Local offset 0 00 Local scale 1 00 1 00 Scale correction 0 9996 0 9995 False easting northing 500000 00 0 00 I Adjust for units Clip coordinates Autosuggest local values Preserve local values 3 Choose the original projection from the list Press OK 4 Be sure to verify if the coordinates make sense after assigning another projection Check the coordinates of the mouse pointer in the Status bar portion which is located at bottom of the main Manifold System window In the figure below it is in degrees minutes seconds Appiy AREA poer Bottom r SECT Universal Transverse Mercator 122 09 25 E11 01 59 N 1 1100000 Sele When desired the projection of the source data can also be _ changed after the original project has been verified 1 Righ
179. on how to prepare a print for a large scale printer In this lesson you will learn how to change the colours of a drawing according you your own or specified settings and how to save and reuse these Once you have the formatting of the drawings set then you will combine these into a map that is ready for distribution or printing OBJECTIVES After this Session you will 1 Gain insight in how men observes and how to communicate with maps describe cartographic elements and how these affect a map Know how to prepare a map layout in Manifold System Have insight in colour standards set by NGA s in the Philippines U KR w N Have gained practical experience by combining these elements using realistic exercises DURATION 8 hours zZ CONTENT AND ACTIVITY PLAN Topics to be covered 1 Changing symbology of drawings 2 Preparing a Layout in Manifold System 3 Creating a layout 4 Preparing for a large scale print lt SUGGESTED METHODOLOGY e Presentation e Group Discussion e Exercises e Demonstrations N lt RESOURCES NEEDED In order to follow this Session you should have understanding of the principles of Manifold System and how it works with toolbars and panes You should also know how to combine different layers into a Map component and how to manipulate these layers The data for the exercises can be found on the DVD that goes with this toolkit Deutsc
180. on of Theme in Format toolbar 5 Choose the Field you want to use from the drop down menu Field In the example below it is hectares Continuous shading J Align to 0 digits 1 0 20084 79 1455789 429 Tally Formatting options 6 In the Method drop down menu choose the Method to be used to construct intervals Equal Count for example will assign approximately the same number of objects to each interval Other methods are described in the table below Values Standard Intervals Unique Values Interval method selection Equal Count Assign interval values so that each interval contains the same number of objects Equal Intervals Assign interval values so that each interval contains the same range of values Exponential Assign interval values so that each interval contains an exponentially increasing Intervals number of values Natural Breaks Find clusters or groupings of objects by the given field and assign break values so that each cluster is in a different interval Standard Intervals Choose break values so that each interval represents one standard deviation Unique Values Used with text and enumerated fields Assign a break value for each unique value that occurs in the field 7 Choose the number of Breaks between intervals This specifies the number of intervals as well 8 Change the Align to value if even numbers of tens hundreds thousands et
181. ons may differ A GPS has many options ranging from playing games to doing a survey or checking optimal times for fishing or hunting With respect to this toolkit the following options are important so please read this before we start with the exercises GPS settings 1 After switching on your GPS unit go to the Main Menu page The Main Menu page is accessible from any page by pressing Menu button twice A 2 Select Setup w Navigate to the Setup until it is highlighted using the Rocker Key 3 From the Setup Menu select Units The following tabs will be displayed Position Format Map Datum Distance Speed Elevation Depth and Temperature From the Position Format tab adjust the format by highlighting the proper format By default the format is hdd ddd decimal degrees try to use the hdd mm ss ss degrees minutes seconds format Then press Enter Sr after selecting the proper format 4 Navigate to the Map Datum tab By default if the GPS is new the datum would be WGS 84 World Geographic System of 1984 change the datum to Luzon Philippines if you are navigating using a NAMRIA Topographic Map But for this exercise we will just keep it as default the WGS 84 datum Then press Enter key For the Distance Speed Depth and Temperature try to change the units to the Metric System meters kilometres etc Setting up the Map Page By default the Map Page is setup to its factory setting every time you navigate using t
182. ontrol segment is responsible for the quality management of the system by constantly monitoring satellite health signal integrity and orbital configuration from the ground 3 The user segment consists of the user and the GPS unit to collect the signal from the satellites and use it for your purposes Four satellites are required to compute the four dimensions of X Y Z position and Time GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth GPS receivers take this information and use trilateration a three dimensional process of triangulation to calculate the user s exact location Essentially the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received Since we know the speed in which the signal travels the time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is Distance Velocity Time radio waves travel at the speed of light roughly 186 000 miles second If it takes 0 06 seconds for a GPS unit to receive a signal then the distance is 186 000 0 06 11 160 miles Now with distance measurements from a few more satellites the receiver can determine the user s position and display it on the unit s electronic map The 24 satellites that make up the GPS space segment A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D rA position latitude and longitude
183. ors IE Transform toolbar is loaded with operators that can accomplish one step e Transform Toolbar Drawings e Transform Toolbar Images e Transform Toolbar Tables The transform toolbar uses the same general interface in all cases We can consider the transform toolbar for drawings as an example The transform toolbar makes changes throughout the entire drawing using the specified operators Transform operators can create new objects delete objects change objects for example splitting them and select objects using various algorithms such as the location of a shortest path All Objects Z Border Buffers ooga Apply The Transform toolbar consists of three boxes from left to right a target box the operator box and a parameter box Target Dox Also known as the scope box The objects that will be _affected altered or which will control the operation Choices in the target box will be All Objects Selection or the names of any saved selections that have been saved in the Selections pane The illustration above shows that the operator will be applied to all objects in the drawing Operator Dox Gives the function to be applied The operator box is context _ sensitive and will show only those operations that make sense for drawings The example shows we will add border buffer zones Param eter box The value to be used Depending on the operator this may be Using the Transform toolbar Much used tools
184. ows a menu in which you can change the settings of the legend like which map elements to place in the legend and how these should look and feel Make sure that you have placed a checkbox in the show legend option Legend _ amp V Show legend Align Right Bottom Style Standard si Caption a Margin 8 points Align text Right Colors WU Customize legend OK Cancel If you are not satisfied with the standard options and in many cases you will not be satisfied with these then check the box besides customize legend This gives you many more options to tailor the legend to your desire Keep in mind that formatting the _ different drawings and images so that the colours look good in your map and legend should be done before you prepare your layout Insert North Arrow Add a North arrow to the layout based upon a component used in the layout Inserting a North arrow will raise a dialog asking upon which component the item is to be based If the layout does not contain any components for which a North arrow can be created these buttons will be disabled If you double click on the north arrow you have options for the placement of the North Arrow and under the style button there is a huge array of possible North Arrows available for you to use If your map is not North South oriented then you can use the bearing option to make the angle of the North Arrow match that of the layout Nor
185. ows and are often referred to as rasters in older GIS systems Most of us know images as the familiar pixel based images we edit in Microsoft Paint or so Images in Manifold System can also be multi channel raster data as well as visual images Images are normally imported into a Manifold System project One special type of images compressed images may be linked into a Manifold System project from external files or compressed image servers Linked images may also be created from queries and database tables as well as from image servers such as TerraServer or OGC WMS servers in which case they are indicated with an icon that incorporates a database cylinder Tables Database tables may be included either within a project or linked from external database providers so that the data they contain is fetched on the fly as it is needed Tables linked from external sources are shown with an icon that includes a yellow database cylinder Manifold System includes an immense array of database capabilities that work with tables and which may be used for database manipulation of tables from almost any database management system Labels Labels components show text labels that are either entered manually or are automatically created from data fields linked to drawings Labels components may be created in a variety of ways such as making a Copy of drawing objects and then Paste As a Labels component Maps Maps show drawings images a
186. pe that is curved in only one direction can be unrolled into a flat map without distorting the appearance of objects drawn on it For example if we take a cylinder and cut it lengthwise we can unroll the cylinder into a flat map The trick to any elementary projection is to place the Earth within such a shape and to project lines out from the Earth onto the shape to show where to draw the projected outlines of items on the globe We can then unroll the shape and see our projected map on a flat surface The first and most obvious such projection to use is a simple Cylindrical Projection Place the Earth inside a big cylinder that touches the Equator and then transfer points on the globe to the cylinder The simplest way to do this is to imagine the cylinder is graph paper with 360 boxes in circumference and 180 boxes up and down If we use the longitude and latitude coordinates in degrees of a place on the sphere and transfer it to our cylindrical roll of graphing paper we end up with a map like the above above figure Since one point needs to be the centre of the unrolled cylinder nearly universal usage is to use the intersection of the Equator with the zero Meridian running through Greenwich England We can then count degrees plus and minus 180 degrees in longitude and plus and minus 90 degrees in latitude This is called the Geographic or Latitude Longitude projection We can think of it as our default projection It produces a good effect
187. process and analyse information more efficiently for local decision making With GIS key stakeholders and development actors are provided with strategic and issue focused information that could facilitate productive discussion and generate informed decision OBJECTIVES At the end of this module the participants shall be able to i Understand and further appreciate SIMPLE as an integrated ecosystem and management framework designed to help local government units manage effectively their entire territory ii Highlight the importance of the use of Geographic Information System GIS as a tool for informed decision making and iii Identify and appreciate the importance of GIS as a tool relative to the implementation of SIMPE at varied phases and levels of planning scales _ DURATION At most two 2 hours EA CONTENT AND ACTIVITY PLAN Topics to be covered SIMPLE as a planning and management framework GIS as a tool for decision making Importance of GIS relative to the implementation of SIMPLE Procedure i Prepare and present a PowerPoint which provides a detailed but succinct description of SIMPLE as a planning and management framework It has to be emphasized that some of the participants to the training are most likely technical personnel who have limited exposure to the field of physical and development planning It therefore follows that care must be taken in the preparation of the PowerP
188. r that if your transducer is 20 cm below the surface you have to add 20 cms to the depth of the water Also if your mapping takes more than one day make sure that the transducer and GPS are at exactly the same location and depth to prevent mistakes e Don t go out on rough seas Apart from the danger to you and the equipment high waves also strongly affect the depths you perceive but which may be caused by waves e Make sure that all equipment is well secured and when necessary water proofed Session 11 8 3 Tools for participatory data collection Crowdmap Crowd mapping a combination of crowd sourcing and _mapping can be described as the aggregation of crowd generated inputs such as text messages photos and social media feeds with geographic data to provide real time interactive information on events such as wars humanitarian crises crime elections or natural disasters When done right crowd mapping can bring a level of transparency to fast moving events that are difficult for traditional media to adequately cover in real time or to longer term trends that may be difficult to identify through the reporting of individual events Because anybody can contribute to a crowd map there is a whole array of volunteer cartographers data collectors that can contribute _Crowdmap can be run from the internet free of costs and there is no installing required After creating an account the user has access to the administra
189. rage and so use many control points and make sure that the control points are evenly distributed over the map Please refer to session 3 for georegistration In most cases the coordinate system used in these maps will be Luzon 1911 so please use that After georeferencing and digitizing see the next step you can change the projection to PRS92 or any other if needed 5 After georeferencing trace or digitize the barangay boundary and other important features Please refer to session 4 for the digitizing process To do a visual check on the process you may export the newly digitized barangay boundaries to google Earth and check if the digitized data are located correctly If this is not the case please check your georeferencing and coordinate system To export to google Earth right Click on the drawing in the project pane and select export Make sure that in the save as type field you select kml kmz files In the next menu you can enter a name and description field if desired After clicking Ok a KML file will be exported which can be opened in google Earth For more information on the export to Google Earth please select help gt Search gt Export Kml To import this data into Google Earth start Google Earth a working internet connection is needed and select file gt open Navigate to your KML file and google earth will automatically navigate to your location Session 11 6 5 D Analytical Maps epending on your a
190. ransmitter to the Rescue Co ordination Centre which will then initiate the rescue operation At the same time the system will provide a signal to the users informing them that _ their situation has been detected and that help is on the way This latter feature is new and is considered a major upgrade compared to the existing GPS and GLONASS navigation systems which do not provide feedback to the user The use of basic low precision Galileo services will be free _and open to everyone The high precision capabilities will be available for paying commercial users and for military use The Galileo system will have five main services 1 Commercial navigation encrypted High precision to the centimetre guaranteed service for which service GLONASS providers will charge fees 2 Open access navigation This will be available without charge for use by anyone with appropriate mass market equipment simple timing and positioning down to 1 meter 3 Safety of life navigation Open service for applications where guaranteed precision is essential Integrity messages will warn of errors 4 Public regulated navigation encrypted Continuous availability even if other services are disabled in time of crisis Government agencies will be main users 5 Search and rescue System will pick up distress beacon locations feasible to send feedback e g confirming help is on its way An exciting new development with Galileo will be th
191. rd Map Preparation Displaying data so that you can analyse spatial patterns on a computer screen is usually the first step in your GIS works The next is often the printing a map for other people to look at In this case the basic features you use for your analysis may not be enough and for this Manifold System has a separate option in the project pane for making layouts Here you can find a set of distinct functions and makes available a series of tools for designing map layouts that you don t need until you are ready to print A map is a visual presentation of the data that we think are so important that they should be placed on paper or on a _ digital folder A map is a visual way of communication and with all communication issues we have to think about the message we want to convey and about the target audience or to whom do we want to convey the message In order to _do this in a regular and organized way there are 12 steps we can take The 12 steps are 1 What purpose does the map serve What user group is aimed at What is the title of the map going to be What components are to be displayed in the legend What is the hierarchy of the components What is the attribute scale of these components How many classes does each component contain oe ae Zen Which graphic symbols can be used 9 Which graphic attributes have to be included 10 Do I need a North arrow 11 Do I need a Scale bar 12
192. rea of work and the type of land use planning you are working with there are a number of national policies regulating the land use The following chapters give an overview of these rules and regulations for CLUP and FLUP Since these rules and regulations can be changed or updated in political processes and since there may be provincial or local regulations on top of these please do not consider the following lists as complete and final but always check with the responsible offices for changes and updates Comprehensive Within the process of creating a CLUP you may find that Land Use Maps there are a number of conflicts between the existing land use and preferred land use or between land use and laws and regulations There are generally 3 types of land use conflicts 1 land use vs protected area e g coastal easement zone 2 land use vs hazard areas e g flood prone area and 3 land use vs land tenure e g CLOA A amp D Timberland CBFMA etc These maps and especially the decisions based on these maps directly affect the lives of those who are affected and therefore we have to be careful in preparing the maps There are legal procedures to be followed but that process is too extensive to describe in this technical manual See Modules 2 for integration of climate change adaptation into local development planning 3 for disaster risk reduction and management 8 1 for integrating FLUP into CLUP and CDP and 8
193. ress to these areas For example when there is a clearly identified conflict with cultivated agriculture area within slopes above 18 then the LGU needs to decide Proposed land use map what they plan in doing about it For instance they can identify it later as 1 agro forestry area or 2 as reforestation area or 3 remain as agriculture area for status quo So the intervention map talks about how one LGU will handle given all identified conflicts in their jurisdiction which is according to existing administrative orders and regulations or even the law The actual decision making is not done in GIS but our maps are a strong tool in facilitating the discussion and presenting and analysing the locations and areas affected and we can present the new situation in a new map Part of creating this map can be done using the attribute table and classifying the areas there The proposed land use map is a culmination of the two above prepared maps and maybe others if other conflicts exist as well After having identified the different conflicts that they have the LGU can further decide on what to go about with the existing land use of their locality Summary In this lesson you have seen how you can get more value from your data by performing spatial analysis A first strong way of analysing your data is to select the right features in the drawing and study the attribute data or select features with the right conditions and pres
194. rovince shp 6 3 2010 3 21PM SHP File lotl 2057 shp 7 14 2011 4 29PM SHP File Negrosoccidental brqys shp 7 11 2011 7 40 AM SHP File negrosoccidental mun bgybasedinfo shp 93 26 2002 3 03PM SHP File Filename SPS Data_April242012 Sve pe RUSRp jE Computer Local Disk C DVD RW Drive D w Removable Disk 1 2 e The Save to File successfully dialogue box will appear click OK File Edit GPS Waypoint Track Route RealTime Help garmin GPSMAP 78s Software Version 300 es Latitude Longitude _proj x_ proj WAYPOINT 121 038158 1619869 08884152 288706 208137367 WAYEONT 062 asese tise sn 300 WAYPOINT 121 034074 1619289 2919264 288261 13913021 i a ee eee ee ee gt Saved to File Successfully at C Advanced GIS Shapefiles GPS Data_Aprl 42012 shp Projection UTM zone 51N GPS DATA_APRIL242012 Saving 3 points u The downloading of tracks and routes can be done ina similar way as the waypoints Hint Both Manifold GIS and DNRGPS can also checked and location to be visited can be 9 be used to upload your GPS Roads to be prepared in GIS and used in your GPS Possible When GPS points don t align with GIS Data errors It s most likely a projection issue if e There are huge errors data points do not overlay e Features could be displayed in wrong state or hemisphere It s most likely a datum issue if e GPS data overlays with GIS data but off by several
195. rs also regard the total GIS as including operating personnel and the data that go into the system USGS A geographic information system GIS is a computer based tool for mapping and analysing things that exist and events that happen on earth GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps ESRI GIS is an integrated system of computer hardware software and trained personnel linking topographic demographic utility facility image and other resource data that is geographically referenced NASA Session 11 2 2 Elements of GIS People Hardware Elements of GIS The next step in understanding GIS is to look at each area of GIS and how they work together These components are Hardware Software Data People Procedures Together these elements form a working network that can be called GIS In the following picture this is symbolized where GIS forms the core of the wheel and the different elements form the spokes that enable the wheel to function If one or more of these elements are under developed or not present the GIS wheel will have a hard time in turning The elements of a successful GIS will be described in the _ following paragraphs software procedures Hardware comprises the equipment needed to support the many activities of GIS ranging from data collection to data
196. s DAO 1995 15 Protection Forest forestlands outside NIPAS obtained essentially for their Section 3 beneficial influence on soil and water in particular and the environment in Definition of general These are areas above 50 in slope and more than 1 000 meters in e elevation Includes the critical watersheds mossy forest strips of specified width bordering rivers streams shoreline and reservoir and steep rocky areas and other naturally unproductive lands Old growth forest Natural and residual forests and naturally grown trees Section 2 Moratorium on the Cutting and Harvesting of Timber in the National Forests A moratorium on the cutting and harvesting of timber in the natural and residual forests of the entire country is hereby declared unless lifted after the effectively of this Executive Order 1 2 Natural and Residual Forests are forests composed of indigenous trees not planted by man Mangrove Protection Area Water Production R A 8435 AFMA 1997 River easement CA 141 Public Land Act 1915 Hazard and risk areas Stipulation SEC 12 Protection of Watershed Areas Allwatersheds that are sources of water for existing and potential irrigable areas and recharge areas of major aquifers identified by the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Environment and Natural resources shall be preserved as such at all times Section 90 i That the applicant agrees that a strip of forty meters wide
197. s 11 141 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan 11 7 Map Design 11 169 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan g i N y 4 mm p 7 O a New Developments 11 198 Session Overview Objectives Content and Activity Plan NNNNNNWN SOU RWN KRWDN What is GIS Elements of GIS GIS as a Tool Confusion GIS software How GIS works The Connection Between Map and Database Installing Manifold System GIS The User Interface Adding Data into Manifold System Create Overlays of Components Images Drawings What is GPS Importing GPS Data Into Manifold System Coordinate Reference Systems Map Georegistration Data sources in the Philippines Editing of Maps Merging Map Layers Creating New symbols Description Advanced Selection Using SQL Analysis Using the Transformation Toolbar Preparation of a Barangay Base Map Analytical Maps Formatting Drawings Preparing a Layout in Manifold System Creating a layout Preparing for a Large Scale Print New Developments in GNSS Depth Sounders and Coastal Zone Mapping 11 8 3 Tools for Participatory Data Collection 11 8 4 Open Street Map Philippines 11 8 5 Data collection using Android devices 11 8 6 Open Data Kit 11 8 7 Provincial Map Viewer MODULE GUIDE Geographic Information System GIS in the Context of SIMPLE t t OVERVIEW Land
198. s disk storage e More complex data structure space e Notas compatible with remotely sensed e Topological relationships data are readily maintained e Software and hardware are often more e Graphical output more expensive closely resembles hand e Some spatial analysis procedures may be drawn maps more difficult e Overlaying multiple vector maps is often time consuming Session 11 2 7 The Connection between map and Database Each column in the table is called a field Each row in the table is a record Table 4 shows a simple example of how an attribute table looks in a GIS The records in the attribute table in a GIS each correspond to one feature Usually the information in the attribute table is stored in some kind of database The GIS application links the attribute records with the feature geometry so that you can find records in the table by selecting features on the map and find features on the map by selecting features in the table A ttributes for a vector feature are stored in a table A table is like a spread sheet Table 4 An attribute table has fields columns and records in rows Records fields YearBuilt RoofColor Record 1 1998 Record 2 2000 Red no Record 3 1984 Brown yes Each field in the attribute table contains a specific type of data text numeric or date Deciding what attributes to use for a feature requires some thought and planning In the house example earlier on in this topic roof colour presence of
199. s from the project view window into the map view window This adds them to the map If images or any other components are not already georegistered they must first be georegistered so that they appear in the proper geographic location at the correct size See session 3 Map projections and Transformations If desired use Edit gt Assign Projection to change the projection used by the map By activating View gt Panes and choosing the Layers pane one can see what layers are present and which are active using the tick box see the Layers pane in the lower right corner of figure in next page Option To change the order of the layers you click on the layer s tab and drag it past another layer s tab Remember that points or lines can easily be hidden behind areas Option By right clicking a layer s tab a lot of functions become available You can delete the layer from the map Or Zoom to the layer 11 Very useful is the Opacity option by which for example images such as map scans can become see through to show underlying layers This is often used to combine elevation maps called surfaces in Manifold System with other data 12 Maps are also used to create digitize and edit drawings and images by using multiple layers for edits W Practical Manual Manifold Manifold System Map EZ File Edit View Drawing Tools Window Help D aelel eela e e I sr ERE EI Sse serr es PR eo fa rage Contour_
200. s to Satellites nearer to the horizon can measure your elevation but isn t aided by measure your horizontal position with measurements from the other direction much greater accuracy i e Intentional degradation of the satellite signal Selective Availability SA is an intentional degradation of the signal once imposed by the U S Department of Defence SA was intended to prevent military adversaries from using the highly accurate GPS signals The U S Government turned off SA in May 2000 which significantly improved the accuracy of civilian GPS receivers With a GPS unit we always know where we are on the earth with an accuracy of usually up to 2 meters Since it is basically also a small computer we can also save the location of any point of interest and use it in GIS This makes GPS a very valuable tool for collecting data on site that we can use in many GIS applications In the following paragraphs you will be given hands on experience with location or the use of GPS survey and how to import the data into Manifold System Functions of the GPS For a hands on demo and exercises to work with your GPS please refer to the exercises manual The description in this paragraph is based on the Garmin 76CsX GPS unit A short manual on this unit and the Garmin eTrex Vista HCX are given on the DVD For other units please refer to the manual of your GPS The principles will be the same but the locations and appearance of buttons and functi
201. select the municipalities areas containing the Airports points You can export that list 1 Create a map with both drawings 2 Target All objects in Municipalities 3 Operator Select containing 4 Parameter All objects in Airports 5 Click Apply The result can look like this in the drawing and table all municipalities are selected red that have an airport Finding features inside manually drawn shapes topologic Use selection using freehand box circle or areas from the selection toolbar see example for a manually drawn area around an island See paragraph on manual selection with the mouse in this chapter or refer to Help gt Index and type _ Selection toolbar Transferring attributes to another drawing based on location topologic Suppose you have a point and an area drawing and you want _to transfer the attributes table entries of the points to the areas you use Drawing gt Spatial Overlay First the procedure needs you to select which fields should be transferred and how You do this using the Transfer Rules To specify a transfer rule for a column 1 Open the drawing s table 2 Right click on the column and choose Transfer rules 3 In the Transfer Rules dialog specify the transfer method to be used for one to many 1 to N operators The Proportional methods available for numeric fields also require specification of a second numeric field 4 Specify th
202. starting from the bank on each side of any river or stream that may be found on the land applied for shall be demarcated and preserved as permanent timberland to be planted exclusively to trees of known economic value and that he shall not make any clearing thereon or utilize the same for ordinary farming purposes even after patent shall have been issued to him or a contract lease shall have been executive in his favour Map Riparian conflict map urban Riparian conflict map agriculture Riparian conflict map forest Settlements in protected areas Open water Settlements What does this mean for GIS We can prepare maps to identify land uses which are in conflict with the current use of the land like for example agricultural areas within protected areas coastal easement zone which is by law not allowed So by overlaying the existing land use data with that of data for the protection areas the you can identify which land use type are in conflict _with actions of the LGU for the protection of their locality _Land Use conflict between other fields also follows the same process but there are some issues which have to be respected according to administrative orders and regulations Examples are that it is not legal to practice exhaustive agriculture applications to slopes greater than 18 but restrictive agro _ forestry uses are allowed I forgot what regulation this is but this is with DENR or slopes greater t
203. stem Page Setup window Your layout will now automatically adjust to your desired page size If you are done with your layout you can now just click on Print The print settings you made earlier will be carried over when you do your final print out Oftentimes the printed map may not be the desired map you want There may be layers missing roads or segment of land use not colored properly This is due to printer drivers setup and hp is a common culprit to this not unlike Epson so suggest if you are planning to purchase a printer in your LGUs to be used in Manifold System go for Epson If you want to use a PDF printer driver to print to a PDF file for further use the steps are similar just make sure that you select the right PDF printer Session 11 8 New Developments OVERVIEW This last lesson will allow more insights to be obtained in new developments that may change the way GIS data are collected In particular relatively new tools and approaches are presented in data collection for location specific areas of interests e g Municipality or City The tools are however not always suitable for everybody or every case for instance some tools need many people with internet access The tools and examples presented show in some cases how GIS changing from a tool for experts to location based content in social media and how this can be used to your advantage in collecting data Some of the other tools show more
204. surfaces The drawing image surface or map being used as a reference is called the reference component The drawing image or surface being adjusted is called the target component The example below shows the general idea Reference Sa E ControlPoint Tan w Se ae ee Re ie Veh 4 eae z iii m F Poa i D _ 3 Fe M A k r i i k i er 4 7 r L a Ah F u vic pr ns a j r LontrolPoint3 ao a amp oa Bart 4 ee a Hi when ber L 4 C p 4 a ControlPoints Control points are used geo register images surfaces drawings and labels components During geo registration the target image will be re projected to match the reference drawing using the control points as a guide The image above shows conceptually how control points in a reference drawing are matched up with equivalent control points in a target image Use the Control Points pane to add new control points to a drawing image or map Control points are used to georegister a target image or drawing to the same geographic location and projection used by a reference image or drawing The Control Points pane can be opened with Tools gt Customize gt Control Points When opened it looks like this Control Points The Control Points pane always shows a list of control points defined for the active image or drawing together with their coordinates When we click on a different window the Control Points pane will switch contex
205. t array of functions that it is almost impossible to remember the exact workings of all of them It is common that the user has an idea of what he she wants to do and needs manuals or help files to find the correct procedure By pressing F1 or going to menu Help gt Contents the help window opens Help can be accessed in three ways by clicking on the tabs contents index and search that are located in the top left of the help window Should more information about a topic discussed in this manual is needed remember that help on all the words printed in Bold can be found by typing that word in the Index tab Information is rained according to topic for example all about drawings can be found in topic drawings Contents tab Index tab Index allows you to type an index keyword For example the name of a button or a Search tab function you encounter in a menu pane or toolbar This takes you directly to its description similar to the index of a book Search allows you to search for all keywords like using Google on the internet All help texts containing the search term are shown as a result Sometimes this can give a lot of results and is therefore not always useful gt Back Forvard Print on Read Me First 9 32 bit and 64 bit Manifold Editions i Introduction oE Drawings m Images H Maps H A Labels E Legends GM Tables ees Queries H Geocoding f Decision Support System H Charts ce Surfaces an
206. t click the component in the Project pane choose Change projection 2 The assign projection window opens and then choose the target projection 3 Press OK More information can be found in the help files 2 Help gt Index gt type georegistration Information on projections can be found on Help gt Index gt type Projections Tutorial Note Without the correct projection your data may be projected incorrectly or may even turn out to be unusable Therefore it is always important that you make sure that you know the projection especially if you lt download data from the web Session 11 4 4 Map Georegistration hen we obtain a dataset that we want to use in GIS we have to make sure Wire it is located at the right location of the earth and that it is in the right coordinate system In some cases purchased data this will be the case but in others we have to do this ourselves For instance if we want to use scanned paper maps data exported from AutoCAD and screen captures from the PC The process to fix these data on the earth is called geo referencing or georegistration and can be described as the process of adjusting one drawing or image to the geographic location of a known good reference drawing image surface or map For a quick discussion this topic and other georegistration topics use images as examples However the same procedures apply when georegistering other components such as drawings or
207. t to show any control points defined for the active window The Control Points pane is also used to rename control points or to change their location by changing their coordinates We can click into the Name field to change the name from the defaults if desired To change the coordinates of a control point we click into their X Longitude or Y Latitude fields x Longi Yj Latitude The following are the main options in the Control Points Pane New Control Point Add a control point by clicking with the mouse in the component window A new control point will be added in the Control Points pane New Control Point Add a control point by clicking with the mouse in the component window A new control point will be added in the Control Points pane New Control Point Add a control point by clicking with the mouse in the component window A new control point will be added in the Control Points pane New Control Point Add a control point by clicking with the mouse in the component window A new control point will be added in the Control Points pane For more information please use the help and search for Control Points Control points are matched by their name For example the spot marked by a control point named ControlPoint2 in the reference drawing will be matched to the location in the target image marked by a control point that is also named ControlPoint2 Control points may be called by any names so long as the
208. tating and can keep your audience from focusing on the message of your map When in doubt copy your texts into Word or another word processor and use the spell check You can then copy the correct texts back in your map Supporting graphics Your map can have a number of supporting graphics These can come in many shapes and sizes You can think of a photo at the background of your map when you are preparing a poster You can of course place the logo of your organization graphs and more Before placing these graphics consider _ their use Photos of affected areas can strengthen a map with natural hazard zones etc Too much graphics however can make your map too crowded and difficult to read Source colophon It is good practice in making maps to add information on the map Usually this contains the following information e The name of maker of the map and information on the organization where the maker is working name address logo etc e Production date e Production framework special project for CLUP etc e Possibly legal information Grids graticules Graticules are lines that are parallel to meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude Graticule lines will be curved in geographic projections Graticules may be shown as system items in the window or may be saved as objects into a drawing There is a difference between graticules and grids In Manifold System selecting the option for the graticules will display
209. te Reference Systems in Session 3 For now let s simply say that a CRS is a way to accurately describe where a particular place is on the earth s surface One of the most common reference systems is Longitude and Latitude Lines of Longitude run from the North Pole to the South Pole Lines of Latitude run from the East to West You can describe precisely where you are at any place on the earth by giving someone your Longitude X and Latitude Y If you make a similar measurement for a tree or a telephone pole and marked it on a map you will have created a point feature Since you know the earth is not flat it is often useful to add a Z value to a point feature This describes how high above sea level you are or for instance how high a telephone post is Line Where a point feature is a single vertex a line has two or more vertices The line is a continuous path drawn through each vertex as shown in Illustration 3 above When two vertices are joined a line is created When more than two are joined they form a line of lines or line A line is used to show the geometry of linear features such as roads rivers contours footpaths flight paths and so on Sometimes you have special rules for lines in addition to their basic geometry For example contour lines may touch e g at a cliff face but should never cross over each other Similarly lines used to store a road network should be connected at intersections In some GIS applic
210. th Arrow 2 Show north arrow Align Right Top 7 Style Single Bearing O Size 80 T Colors WE Eont Abc C Halo text Insert Scale Bar Add a scale bar to the layout based upon a component used in the layout Inserting a scale bar will raise a dialog asking upon which component the item is to be based If the layout does not contain any components for which a scale bar can be created these buttons will be disabled As with the North Arrow and Legend double clicking will give a menu in which the properties of the scale bar can be set scale Bar La M Show scale bar Align Style Li er g im Colors WE c Font Abc Halo text Display 1 prar oh atleast 40 points atmost 800 points r V Change color on underflow or overflow ea nice When inserting horizontal or vertical lines it is usually best to turn on the grid with View Grid and to then use Snap to Grid to position layout element such as vertical and horizontal lines Making a good layout may mean that you have to place and move _ different map elements in order to get a pleasing result A good tool to help you with is the alignment toolbar which makes it easier _to align your elements Alignment z e g a bj Flasa f R E BO amp When you are working on an area it may be good to assign one or more views A view is a specific view of an area that is saved into a window at a giv
211. the GIS data are available PHIVOLCS The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology PHIVOLCS is a service institute of the Department of Science and Technology DOST that is principally mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions earthquakes tsunami and other related geotectonic phenomena From the main page of the website from _PhilVocs there is a tab where for reviewing and downloading maps with natural hazard data As with the MGB these data are not yet in GIS format but need to be geo registered and _ traced Also here please contact your regional office first for the availability of these maps in GIS format The website _ http www phivolcs dost gov ph contains the following maps e Philippine Fault Zone Maps e Active Faults and Trenches e Earthquake Induced Landslide e Liquefaction Susceptibility Map e Tsunami Prone Areas HLURB http www cookbook hlurb gov ph The Housing Standards _and Land Use Regulatory Board has prepared a cook book for Local Government Units which can be considered a manual on how to create Comprehensive Land Use Plans It also _ describes some standards for the use of colours in maps Even though the standard is not complete we strongly advice to adhere to these standards The SIMPLE procedures also _adhere to the guidelines as set by HLURB Other Data Most of the national government agencies are now using GIS Sources and have data that are neede
212. the coordinate values in geographic coordinate system while the grid option will display values in the _ projected coordinates system e g UTM if that is selected They may add additional information to maps that cover a large area but for non GIS users adding labels for cities or provinces may be more meaningful Graticules can be added to your lay out Graticules can be added to your map by first defining them in the map element using the View Graticule command The next step is to double click on your layout to open the properties menu and switch on the graticules The matching texts can be set using the options in the border Tips and Tricks Before you start When making a layout for printing especially in new or unfamiliar formats to make first a sketch on paper and add all the elements that should be contained in the map A quick exercise like this can give you a good indication which elements can be placed where without crowding the layout too much Our eyes The computer screen can display many more colours than our eyes are able to see under normal conditions For this it is good to limit the number of colours in your map Please consider the following aspects when you design your _ map _The average person can only distinguish 7 8 colours and 3 5 grey shades on a map Adding more may not really contribute to adding more information especially if the colours are similar In these cases boundaries improve _ distin
213. the image and around all the borders When enough points have been entered press the registration button lei and the Georegistration Dialog opens Enter Reference The name of the drawing or image to be used as a source of control points to be used as reference points Method Choose the algorithmic method used for triangulation Affine triangulation Affine scale shift rotate Simple scale shift or Numeric polynomial For less distorted mass Affine scale shift rotate is normally sufficient In case it does not give good results try numeric polynomial with order 2 Press OK or refer to Help gt Index gt type control points for more advanced settings The image is being registered this can take a while It will assume the coordinate system of the reference image drawing Adding online images in Manifold With the growth of online images like Google Earth and Bing Maps there are now also options to have a live connection with these services in Manifold System The relevant data can even be saved and used as background image when you are not on line 1 Open a drawing of the area 2 Change the scale to a relative large scale i e from 1 8 000 to 1 15 000 in order to prevent too long loading times 3 Select file gt link gt image from the menu A Link Image window will open From the Files of type box select Manifold Image Servers a File Edit View Drawing Tools Window Help J ZZ ra
214. tion between these asian AND ACTIVITY PLAN 1 Introduction Getting to know each other 2 Expectations 3 Movie 4 Topics for discussion e What is GIS Elements of GIS GIS as a Tool Confusion GIS software How GIS works The Connection between map and Database Summary 5 Wrap up and Synthesis What is GIS Session 11 2 1 What is GIS GIS stands for Geographic Information System or a program that can combine a variety of mapping and editing functions together with database capability Although for many people GIS appears to be new GIS has been around for about thirty years but only recently have GIS applications appeared on desktop machines Manifold System was deliberately created to focus exclusively on Wintel Windows Intel PCs and laptops to leverage mass market standards like Microsoft scripting languages and Windows interfaces and to attack sleepy traditional markets with a mix of very high performance and very low cost A GIS can be seen as a word processor for maps in the same way you can use Microsoft Office Word to create elaborate text documents In both cases you can create new items you can edit existing items and you can import items already created from other documents A GIS allows us to e Import existing maps from many different file formats e Create new maps and edit existing maps This includes adding new items to a blank map or to change the shape and position o
215. tion side of the application where issues like legend items and colour extra texts and options logo s and user settings can be determined Access to Google Maps Open Street Map or other background maps can be set as well as the area of interest For someone with moderate internet skills a website can be setup in half a day Once the website is set up it is possible to link this with Facebook Twitter and even text messaging The administrator of the site has the option to provide a quality check on the added data by approving or nor or verifying messages from users Users can add their email information photo s videos and extra text information to their reports to add information and or credibility Since the reports are placed on a map and therefore have X and Y coordinated the reports can be exported in KML format and imported again in Manifold GIS for further presentation and or analysis Some famous websites using crowdmapping are Harrassmap org an award winning site from Ciaro in Egypt where women can report all forms of violence against _ women J The Map Harass Map e gt XD harassmap org en what we do the map ax The Map The HarassMap map has many functions Itis a tool for victims and witnesses all over Egypt to anonymously share their experiences of sexual harassment and to report it The map collects all reports and each report appears on the map as a red dot When you click on
216. tware Manifold System GIS has a number of options to customize the application so that it fits more to the needs of the user In order to do this go to Tools gt Options and the following menu appears Options LA Automatic Updates V Check for updates automatically Ea Colors Check every time the application starts ll Color Palettes oer 97 d Confirmations eL EE ayt File Locations A Fonts Import and Export Info Bar Logging Miscellaneous Printing I Proxy Server Rendering Scripts di Sounds f Status Bar FS User Interface The following are important features Automatic updates Manifold System can be set to check the internet for automatic updates or after a specific amount of days This can be switched off to prevent any re installation issues Locations to be used by default for files can be specified in File Locations Locations that may be specified include those of many Manifold System features take care when changing these and the default locations of your projects For a complete overview of the functions please go to Help Index and type options If the default location of GIS data is changed it may be useful to prepare a folder structure in the project that may help in storing and organizing the data One option is to use the same structure as Manifold System does for its project components There are however more options for this and select one that is
217. ures that are of importance ae Real World to the user Types of GIS data Vector and raster are the two basic data structures for storing and manipulating geographic data on a computer Vector data comes in the form of points lines and polygons that are geometrically and mathematically associated Points are stored using the coordinates for example a two dimensional point is stored as x y Lines are stored as a series of point pairs where each pair represents a straight line segment for example x1 y1 and x2 y2 indicating a line from x1 y1 to x2 y2 Raster images come in the form of individual pixels and each spatial location or resolution element has a pixel associated where the pixel value indicates the attribute such as colour elevation or an ID number Each pixel or cell also has a specific size When increasing the spatial resolution by 2 times the total size of a two dimensional raster image will increase by 4 times because the number of pixels is doubled in both X and Y dimensions The same is true when a larger area is to be covered when using same spatial resolution In general vector data structure produces smaller file size than raster image because a raster image needs space for all pixels while only point coordinates are stored in vector representation This is particularly true in the case when the graphics or images have large homogenous regions and the boundaries and shapes are the primary interest
218. uzzle only downloads rectangular areas If a more flexible area is needed than stitching the images together is the only option The following makes use of Microsoft Image Composite Editor as an example Microsoft ICE can be downloaded free from the following link http research microsoft com en us um redmond groups ivm ice Microsoft Image Composite Editor is an advanced panoramic image stitcher Given a set of overlapping photographs of a scene shot from a single camera location the application creates a high resolution panorama that seamlessly combines the original images Microsoft ICE is available for both 32 and 64 bit Windows Operating Systems In Microsoft Image Composite Editor either drag and drop all of the four 4 scans OR click on File 5 New Panorama to select all four 4 scans and combine it automatically into one 1 single image To do it follow these steps 1 In Microsoft ICE Click on File gt New Panorama and select the 4 scans as shown in the picture below lt 4 Microsoft Image Composite Editor _ File Tools EI u Crop Reset crop Automatic crop sa Stitch Camera motion Left 2 Top 2 Right 3499 Bottom 972 Width 3497 Height 970 Camera motion type planar motion 1 rigid scale Stitched 6 of 7 images af Export Format JPEG Image v Options Quality 80 Scale 100 Width 3497 pixels P g Height 970 pixels Total 3 39 megapixels E Create JPEG thumbnail
219. we pick a North South line running through Athens we can make maps all the way from Scandinavia down the length of Africa but any maps using this projection in North and South America would be hopelessly distorted One possible solution is to use not one projection but many transverse cylindrical projections with the cylinder rotated slightly along the Equator In fact one scheme of mapping the Earth called the Universal Transverse Mercator UTM does exactly this UTM maps the Earth with a transverse cylinder projection using 60 different lines each of which is a standard UTM Zone By rotating the cylinder in 60 steps six degrees per step UTM assures that all spots on the Earth will be within 3 degrees of the centre tangent line of one of the 60 cylindrical projections To map any spot on Earth in UTM one picks the UTM Zone centreline that is closest to it and then makes a map using that cylindrical projection The illustration above shows a small section of the earth near the tangent line projected onto the cylinder and then the cylinder being unrolled into a flat sheet If we want to save the X Y locations of points on our flat sheet we can now measure them as though the flat sheet were graph paper and use the resulting coordinates in a digital flat map There are many more projections in the world but for this manual we will not discuss them The Manifold System Help Menu has more information on these projections Ap
220. y from tall buildings and sources of strong electrical current or interference e g transmission lines substations electrical generators cell sites Track reading is a feature common to GPS receivers It records the route of the survey as points that can also be downloaded into the computer Turn this feature on whenever available Clear track readings in the receiver whenever starting a new day for survey but before doing so make sure it is already downloaded and saved in a computer Take note that track readings called track logs in some models is different from point readings waypoints in some GPS models to prevent any accidental deletion of other data stored Set up the GPS using the above procedure whenever it is turned off e g lunch break Download the readings points and tracks to a computer after a day s work If you are doing a big survey it may be good to let the GPS take care of the numbering of your waypoints Do not change these since the GPS will automatically increment and add unique numbers In your log file or datasheet you can add descriptive information on the waypoints attribute data Make sure that you collect all the information you need in one lesson since going back to collect additional information is bothersome expensive and time consuming The compass page also is activated during navigation but you must be in motion to let the GPS satellites calculate where you are headi
221. y of even zoom scales or enter the scale you want Zoom To Fit Zoom so that the component fits within the current window size Zoom In Magnify the view as if seen from a closer distance t Zoom Out Reduce the view as if seen from farther away 5i Zoom Box Zoom to the size of the cursor box drawn with the mouse Center Point Pan the view so that the spot clicked is centred 2 Grabber Interactive pan click and drag with the grabber hand The scene will be panned so that the initial point is moved to the spot where the drag is released Tracker Provides interactive distance and area measurements 2 Hint The saved map file contains the data of all the components except for the linked components ai such as Google earth data w Therefore by copying the map file only you can take or email your work to another place Important In contrast to some other GIS software Drawings in Manifold System can contain points lines and areas polygons at the same time When such a drawing is exported to for example Manifold System shape one drawing is exported as 3 separate shape files one containing points one lines and one areas Formatting a component Once a drawing has been imported and opened we can change the way it looks using the format toolbar Used with drawings or drawing layers in maps the Format toolbar controls the colour style and size of areas lines and points Use
222. you change your mind later you can add remove resize and move each element in a layout as required Session 11 7 3 Creating a layout on a particular component such as a drawing and to then add any other components to the layout The second way is to create a blank layout and to then drag and drop components into the layout ayouts may be created in two ways The first way is to create a layout based The first method will automatically scale the component that is used to create the layout to fill an entire page or in the case of text components like tables or comments the layout will be expanded to a multipage layout to allow the entire component to be printed This component will automatically be the main component so that addition of any system generated text expressions will use this component The first method is convenient when one main component will be the subject of the layout The second method may be more convenient when several components will be the subject of the layout or when a layout is being created for use as a standard layout with many different projects Overview of 1 Click on the project pane and create a new layout with File gt Create gt Layout If the layout is to be based upon a the Create a particular component choose that component in the Create Layout dialog Layout 2 In the Create Layout dialog if a template is to be used procedure check the Template box and choose a template If
223. ype fonts or images are loaded into Manifold System based upon directions specified within xml files found in the Config folder When Manifold System launches it reads any xmlfiles that are placed in the Config folder and then opens True Type fonts or image files they mention to create new point styles If an xml file mentions a True Type font or image file that is not available in the Windows system the point style thus specified will not be available and will be displayed as the default circle point style For example an xml file adding all characters in the particular font could be provided to customize the Manifold System installation This xml file tells Manifold System to create point styles based on the characters in the given font If for some reason the specified font is not installed in Windows the point styles created from this xml file will not be available Note A description of the XML language is not part of this manual For adding styles please follow the exact descriptions and changes in the files as described Point styles Point styles created from images may be used just like any point style except that they are not resizable and so may created from result in unexpected scaling effects when size on the monitor Image files or on printed pages is compared and do not use either foreground or background formatting colours In addition point styles created from images will not be shown in selection colour when select
224. ze to use for patterns used to draw points lines areas and area borders Does not apply to bitmapped images used for points Allows rotating the symbols used for points to a given angle 1 60 Module 11 Session 11 4 Data Entry nn a OVERVIEW In starting to use GIS one will find that in many cases the data needed are not available or if they are not in the shape or format that are usable In this case one has to come up with ways of preparing its own data This session presents the three ways of collecting baseline data for a project These are conducting GPS survey georegistration and using data from tables In many cases these data may be based on different geographical reference systems or projections and working with the wrong projection may cause errors in data or in analysis This session provides an overview of how to work with the GPS and how to download data into Manifold System Using these data and a scanned image this session will deal with how to correctly position the said image on the world so by using GIS This will also give an insight into coordinate systems and where in the Philippines the GIS data may be obtained OBJECTIVES After this lesson you will have Insight in and experience with the working of a GPS Gained experience in doing a GPS survey Know how to transfer the data from a GPS unit into Manifold System obtained insight in and working knowledge of coordinate systems

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