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Horizon HX User Manual - Grand Rapids Technologies

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1. 9 6 9 6 MULTI DISPLAY UNIT COMMUNICATION e sp di eR Pl ud 9 6 9 7 ANGLE OF ATTACK CALIBRATION 6 Rosie e eer eor ide sud A Tues cri Red ror 9 7 9 8 DIFFERENCE Shrii iii os abe nadie a d d ch Da ene A deua 9 8 CHAPTER 10 SPECIFICATIONS a EFI uS ER yo Ek 10 1 CHAPTER 1f e cM 11 1 2 55255555 eR REGE 12 1 12 TTERRAIN E teed 12 1 12 2 AHRS MAGNETOMETER COMM INTERFERENGE eie pue oa 12 1 CHAPTER JS GLOSSAR Y said EO NURSE ARI NEC ONU OU 13 1 GRT Horizon User s Guide pg viii Rev C Chapter 1 QUICK TOUR 1 1 Power Up The GRT Horizon has no On Off switch and will start to operate once power is supplied Power may be applied before or after the engine is started although it is preferable to do the latter This assures stable conditions and normal system behavior during power up About 10 seconds is required for the display unit s to start up and a similar time for the AHRS and ADC to complete initial alignment Aircraft movement is allowed during initial alignment although this will significantly extend the time until attitu
2. VS This mode commands the autopilot to climb or descend at the vertical speed if possible entered into the EFIS using the right knob To select VERT A P VS 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press VERT VS button 4 Press the right knob to set the altitude bug Press it again and dial in the desired vertical speed or select a preset vertical speed 5 Press the right knob again to exit ASPD This mode commands the autopilot to climb or descend at the indicated airspeed IAS entered into the EFIS using the right knob if possible with the power setting To select VERT ASPD 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press VERT ASPD 4 Press the right knob to set the altitude bug Press it again and dial in the desired indicated airspeed or select a preset indicated airspeed 5 Press the right knob again to exit VNAV This mode is selected to enable manually coupling to the ILS glideslope t also is selected automatically when the glideslope is captured using ARM ILS The Vert A P mode can be set to VNAV for manually coupling to glideslope whenever ILS localizer is valid signal is pg 5 4 Rev present Coupling to the glideslope will not occur until the airplane is at or above the glideslope and localizer is valid To select VERT A P VNAV 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT b
3. When the Nav mode is changed the pilot or by no indication of ILS TUNED for 2 5 seconds When the Glideslope is captured e The VERT A P mode becomes VNAV automatically Autopilot Mode Changes after capture e f the pilot changes the LAT mode to HDG after LOC capture the ARM CAPT is automatically set to OFF e f the pilot changes the VERT mode from VNAV after GS capture the ARM CAPT ILS is automatically set to LOC 6 1 2 GPSV ARM Function The ARM GPSV function will follow the ARINC data when available Upon capture the EFIS will use ENAV mode to follow the lateral and vertical deviations When the VNAV mode is cancelled or MISSED is selected the EFIS will return to the LAT A P mode selected after capture The EFIS will preset the LAT A P return mode to GNAV if available The return mode is indicated in parentheses in the LAT A P indicator For example LAT A P can be set to GNAV after capture to prepare to follow the lateral instructions of a missed approach procedure in the 430W 530W when MISSED is GRT Horizon User s Guide pushed For HDG mode LAT A P should first be set to HDG and then the selected heading should be set in preparation for a missed approach This sequence must be done after capture The missed approach altitude can be set in the EFIS to also climb to a specific altitude regardless of the mode 6 2 ILS Examples Vectors to Localizer 1 Set the LAT A P mode to HDG
4. 1 SS 9 47 50 474 nmi 0552 PFD Screen The basic PFD page consists of the primary flight instruments Artificial Horizon Altimeter Tape with Digital Display Airspeed Tape with Digital Display Heading Tape with Digital Display Vertical Speed Indicator These are arranged with the Artificial Horizon in the center the Airspeed Tape on the left the Altimeter Tape on the right the Heading Indicator along the top and the Vertical Speed Indicator next to the Altimeter GRT Horizon User s Guide You will also notice the Pitch Ladder and Bank Angle Indicators in the center of the screen and the Trim Flap Indicator in the lower left The basic PFD page also contains five boxes which display Ground or True Airspeed upper left NAV amp Lateral Autopilot Mode upper left below speed Heading Select lower left e Altitude PreSelect amp Vertical Autopilot Mode upper right e Altimeter Baroset Setting lower right pg 2 1 Rev Heading GPS Track Artificial GPS Standard Rate Aircraft Nose Flight Path Selected Altitude Horizon Course Turn Marker Pitch Ref Marker Heading Preset md Vertical rue 5 l 3 pee Airspeed Preset Lateral ms i TEETE Vert A P Mode gt Highway In Sky HITS Runway i Altimeter Ai irspeed EB gt L 5 Vertical Airspeed Speed Trend a Meter Wind Indicator LL
5. Flight Plans or Direct To waypoints that are entered in the External GPS will be presented on the Horizon Moving Map and the three features described above will be provided for the flight plan from the external GPS Since the GRT GPS is not certified for IFR use this feature allows the use of an IFR certified GPS with the GRT Horizon in IFR flight To access flight planning functions 1 From MAP page press button 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required pg 3 3 Rev C 3 Press PLAN This will take you to the DIRECT TO flight planning page The center softkey toggles between DIRECT TO and Seq Flight Plan modes and the current mode is displayed in the blue banner at the top of the screen 3 7 1 Direct To Mode Note that Direct To always plan from current position to a specified waypoint Previously used waypoints are maintained in the Direct To waypoint library so that you can quickly recall them for reuse 3 7 1 1 Direct To waypoint library When you enter a waypoint as described in the following sections it is retained in the Direct To waypoint library use that waypoint again 1 Press NEXT more than once may be required 2 Press PLAN This will take you to the DIRECT TO page 3 Rotate the right knob to show the stored waypoints 4 Select the desired waypoint white box around it by pressing D gt The white D gt appears to indicate that waypoint is active destin
6. GRT HORIZON Models HX HS amp WS User s Guide and Reference Rev A February 2009 Grand Rapids Technologies Inc 3133 Madison Avenue SE Wyoming MI 49548 616 245 7700 www grtavionics com INTENTIONALLY BLANK GRT Horizon User s Guide pg ii Rev FORWARD Welcome to Grand Rapids Technologies GRT Horizon We are pleased that you have chosen our product to meet your flying needs Visit the Grand Rapids Technologies GRT website www grtavionics com for the latest updates and supplemental information concerning the operation of this and other GRT products This manual describes the operation of a GRT Dual Screen HS high resolution display Horizon EFIS using the software version shown in the Record of Revisions Some differences may be observed when comparing the information in this manual to other software versions Other versions of the GRT Horizon EFIS are the WS wide format original display and the HX accelerated processor synthetic vision display Single display systems are available as are three or more display systems the few instances that the operation of other versions or configurations of Horizon is different than that described those differences are described at the rear of the applicable chapter Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this manual is accurate and complete GRT is not responsible for unintentional errors or omissions in the manual or their consequences Copyr
7. item ANALOG AUX 5 42 item ANALOG AUX 6 43 item ANALOG AUX 7 44 item ANALOG AUX 8 45 item OAT 46 item INDICATED AIRSPEED 47 item TRUE AIRSPEED 48 item VERTICAL SPEED 49 item ALTIMETER 50 item PRESSURE ALTITUDE 51 item DENSITY ALTITUDE 52 item BAROSET 53 item AHRS ALIGNMENT 965496 item AHRS STATUS 55 item AHRS ATTITUDE STATUS 56 item AHRS ALTITUDE STATUS 57 item AHRS ROLL 58 item AHRS PITCH 59 item AHRS HEADING 60 item AHRS SLIP 61 item AHRS VOLTS 1 62 item AHRS VOLTS 2 63 item AHRS VOLTS 3 64 item AHRS TEMPERATURE 65 item FLAPS 66 item AILERON TRIM 67 item ELEVATOR TRIM 68 item ACTIVE WAYPOINT 69 GRT Horizon User s Guide item ESTIMATED TIME TO WAYPOINT 70 item RANGE TO WAYPOINT 71 item BEARING TO WAYPOINT 72 item GROUNDSPEED 73 item WIND SPEED 74 item WIND DIRECTION 75 item NAV MODE 76 item A P MODE 77 item VNAV MODE 78 item SELECTED HEADING 79 item SELECTED COURSE 80 item SELECTED ALTITUDE 81 Loading CHECKLIST TXT into the display Go to a MAP page Push the CHECK LIST button Push the SELECT LIST button Push the IMPORT button The display will look for CHECKLIST TXT on the USB flash drive and show the list names 6 Push YES to accept the new lists or NO to keep your previous lists if any eu 3 17 Logbook
8. Chapter 6 Flying the ILS The following examples are suggested procedures using the EFIS Horizon to fly precision and non precision approaches although your preferences may differ The examples assume GPSV vertical steering is available from your Digiflight II VSGV autopilot These procedures apply if your installation does not include this feature although you must control altitude manually or via manual selections using whatever vertical autopilot functions are available directly from the autopilot control head 400 500 Garmin GPS receivers output data to the EFIS that is similar to and processed the same way as ILS data enabling the Horizon to command an autopilot for LPV and LNAV approaches The EFIS GNAV Nav mode allows the Horizon GPS receiver to command the autopilot for full approaches Since the Horizon database does not contain approach information the Horizon cannot provide lateral steering for procedure turns DME arcs holding patterns etc However the GNS430 W GNS530 W GNS480 databases contain full approach information These GPS s can provide GPS position flight plan data lateral deviation vertical deviation roll commands and mode selection to the Horizon over an additional ARINC connection ARINC GPS just like the VOR LOC GS ARINC connection This information allows the EFIS to provide VNAV functions for an approach and follow roll commands from the GNS430 while still controlling pitch command
9. ER 2 8 2 T PED EOGK ie meret bet n e terc t n cadat e it e ns 2 9 2 19 NAV MODE en eod teet n d cite eem 2 9 2 19 EAT A P ANB ARM icd dh er p ule eta uter de areis 2 9 2 20 SYNTHETIC APPROACH duisi i RT DEDE HT ep RH DER ten RR 2 9 2 221 ILS APPROACH een e eq e ud RN eee 2 12 2 22 WS DIFFERENCES oie ette UD ERN D t en ele vtt n acti 2 12 CHAPTER 3 MOVING MAP 2 52 1c co sona pua on inna e Ere Dmm 3 1 3 1 MOVING MAP COMMON ABBREVIATIONS AND 3 1 SUIMAP ede LLL aM iie 3 1 3 9 SELECTING MAP DETAILS 7 ORE Ape IUe a 3 2 SAMAR OLEW 3 2 3 0 eamm eai me T 3 3 3 6 ALTITUDE INTERCEPT ed etta ca du 3 3 ST NAVIGATION FLIGHT PLAN teo etat ence ede ch dete cde aee 3 3 SAT Direct aie ent DE ed Rad eroi bd ue 3 4 31 2 Plan o E 3 6 3 1 3 Other Navigation Features d tue cine ee da ge Eo e eu e e La gera ee Eee Rae ie 3 7 3
10. If one has been entered but is not required the GRT Horizon will suggest removing only the prefix identifier A right knob selection REM K will Horizon User s Guide show Similarly if the prefix identifier K has been left off the GRT Horizon will suggest adding it A right knob selection ADD K will show To add or remove the prefix identifier Scroll to ADD K or REM K to add or remove K for the identifier 5 Finally press ENTER when complete The waypoint will be added to the DIRECT TO list and be the active destination The active destination is shown with a white D gt next to it 6 Press EXIT twice to finish and return to the MAP page Note the magenta line from the airplane symbol to the waypoint and the waypoint data box on the PFD 3 7 1 5 To navigate to a user created waypoint Latitude Longitude or Range Bearing or Present Position 1 Press NEXT more than once may be required 2 Press PLAN This will take you to the DIRECT TO flight plan page 3 Press User WP left knob from the Direct To page 4 Press NEW 5 Enter characters for the name of your user created waypoint 6 Press CREATE right knob 7 Either select LAT LON or RNG BRG or USE PP LAT LON and RNG BRG allow you to input the actual data USE PP uses the present position of the aircraft for the waypoint 8 The left knob or the NEXT button will step you through the data input fields 9 When complete press SAVE rig
11. Pitch i Ladde ISEL 3 0 mi 853 7 d Altimeter 27 2 014 8 naa E ma s O14 LER MU 4 Hgt a Select a BARO Set Terme User Defnd Defnd Data Box Fuel Cil CHT Slip EGT Course Hgt Man RPM Computer Press Indicator Deviation Above Press Temp Indicator Runway CDI Rev C pg 2 2 Horizon User s Guide 2 2 Artificial Horizon The Artificial Horizon is just that a pictorial representation of the earth The blue portion represents the sky the brown portion represents the ground The HX version of the GRT Horizon can optionally display a computer generated representation of the view out the window using technology known as Synthetic Vision See Chapter 2 21 for more details Note that the aircraft wings or pitch bars and the triangular pointer move so the pointer always points up or towards the sky This is called a sky pointer representation and provides guidance for recovery from unusual attitudes This representation is opposite that of conventional attitude indicators A portion of the artificial horizon is the Pitch Ladder It depicts pitch angle of the aircraft in relation to the horizon It is normally set SET MENU Primary Flight Display Pitch Ladder Offset so that straight and level flight at normal cruise speed is 0 pitch bars align with the horizon The Flight Path Marker shown as a circle with
12. Tune the ILS on the other Nav receiver 3 ARM LOC ILS Ideally this arming should occur before the localizer is valid to allow time to verify set the inbound course in the next step 4 Verify the ILS inbound course is set correctly The EFIS Horizon will attempt to set it for you To manually set it the Nav mode must be momentarily changed to LOC and then returned to VOR for continued enroute VOR navigation 5 When the conditions are suitable the EFIS Horizon will automatically change the Nav mode to the other ENAV LOC using whichever Nav receiver is set to localizer frequency and will capture the localizer smoothly GRT Horizon User s Guide VOR Enroute to Localizer One Nav Receiver 1 Set the Nav mode and LAT modes to ENAV Tune the VOR to the appropriate frequency and set the course pointer on the EHSI page The autopilot will track the VOR 2 When near the localizer set the LAT A P mode to HDG 3 Tune the localizer frequency 4 Verify the ILS inbound course is set correctly EFIS Horizon will attempt to set it for you Manually set it on the EHSI page if necessary 5 ARM the LOC or set the LAT A P mode back to ENAV Since no LOC data is valid yet the EFIS Horizon will hold the current heading and wvill show LOC ARM When the LOC becomes valid the EFIS Horizon will capture and track the localizer Back Course with LOC REV ARM The back course can be easily flown
13. and the Lat A P selection is NAV SA ARM will appear just below the navigation mode on the EFIS indicating SA guidance will take over when suitable conditions exist Capturing the Synthetic Approach Synthetic Approach Capture GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 5 8 Rev C 5 3 4 4 Selecting SAP To select Synthetic Approach mode press any button then NEXT more than once may be required until the SAP label appears The button under the label will select between ARM and OFF ARM Set Pressing ARM when the navigation mode is not LOC and the LOC ILS has not been armed will result in a list of available synthetic approaches at the airport in the flight plan if ALL of the following conditions are met 1 The last waypoint in the flight plan is an airport and is contained within the GRT Horizon navigation database or if an approach has been selected and the GRT Horizon is able to determine the airport and runway being used by the approach 2 The database contains the necessary information about this X airport including runways runway orientation position elevation etc 3 AHRS Air Data Computer and GPS data are valid Horizon User s Guide After selecting SAP and ARM Check barosetting will be annunciated 5 3 4 5 1 Automatic Runway Selection If an approach has been selected in the GPS flight plan and the GRT Horizon is able to determine the airport and runway for this a
14. be as recent as possible 3 Select the Altimeter Calibration screen by selecting SET MENU from the button menu and Altimeter Calibration from this menu 1 Using the left knob highlight the Altimeter Calibration OFF selection 2 Toggle this to Initiate ON 3 Set the baroset to the currently reported altimeter setting GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 9 1 4 Select Altimeter Bias Adjust the setting until the altimeter matches the airport elevation Note that there is about a 2 second delay until adjustments are reflected in the displayed altitude 5 Use the buttons to exit Calibration is complete Do not alter any other altitude settings The altimeter calibration will be turned off automatically when this page is exited 9 1 2 Full Altimeter Calibration Using Air Data Test Set This calibration adjusts the relation ship between the altitude display the barometric pressure setting using an Alti meter Test Set 1 Turn on the GRT Horizon and allow at least 5 minutes to elapse before continuing 2 Connect test set to the pitot AND static ports of the AHRS 3 Set the test set to sea level 0 NOTE Failure to connect the test set to the pitot connection will damage the airspeed sensor in the AHRS and any mechanical airspeed indicators which are also connect to the pitot static system under test 4 Set the baroset to 29 92 on the GRT Horizon display unit Turn the right knob to set
15. screen The airspeed and altitude tapes are solid rather than outline and airspeed bug speeds are blue horizontal lines Vertical speed is on the tape only there is no digital readout of vertical speed GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 2 13 Rev C Chapter 3 MOVING The Moving Map page s provide a top down view of the world out to the user s selected range Selection of which data is displayed airports airspace and NAVaids at a given range is user defined from the settings menu Set Menu Moving Map Max XXX range etc This feature allows the user to declutter long range map displays while providing very detailed short range map displays 3 1 MOVING MAP COMMON ABBREVIATIONS and TERMS Sel FP Selecting a stored flight plan left knob Rev FP Reversing a stored flight plan for the return flight left knob Clears flight plan left knob ADD WP This waypoint will be added to the DIRECT TO list and be the active waypoint REM K GRT suggests Removing K prefix from the identifier ADD K GRT suggests Adding the K prefix to the identifier Del WP Delete waypoint in a flight plan Insert Before to insert another waypoint User WP to create a user defined waypoint either using LAT LON or RNG BRG LAT A P Lateral Autopilot couples the autopilot to the heading bug HDG or the GPS receiver NAV from the PFD page SAP Select Approach for synthetic approach select ARM to arm the approach Rwy
16. show Calibration INVALID Maximum correction exceeded if a correction of greater than 127 degrees is required Invalid OVERLIMIT will be shown on the AHRS maintenance page next to the Magnetometer Calibration field A correction of greater than 127 degrees can be caused by incorrect mounting of the magnetometer location of the magnetometer too close to ferrous metal in the aircraft or starting with the airplane not pointed toward magnetic north or magnetometer wiring errors 2 If the airplane is rotated too rapidly the calibration will not end after the airplane has been rotated 380 degrees In either case the calibration procedure must be repeated The accuracy of the magnetometer calibration can now be verified 1 Point the airplane toward magnetic north 2 Turn ON the AHRS if already ON turn it OFF and then back ON 3 Verify the AHRS AHRS Maintenance page shows heading close to north Small errors are likely to be a result of not positioning the airplane to the exact heading used during magnetometer calibration 4 Select the Magnetometer Calibration page Do not activate the calibration this time 5 Rotate the airplane through 360 degrees and inspect the Calculated error graph the red line drawn on the screen Rev C The magnetic heading errors should be less to 5 degrees and can typically be reduced to about 2 degrees Accurate magnetic heading is required for the AHRS to d
17. 1 USING THE PRIMARY FLIGHT 2 1 2 2 ARTIEICIAL EIORIZON Dad ad dedi 2 3 2 9 AIRSPEED TARE ste idend dated nain etin ta aive dm ra aive bd dde dede ted 2 3 2 4 AETIMETER TAPES nen teer nen nini aee aine nein tein 2 3 2 5 VERTICALSSPEED TAPE ede code bd ecd ad it ded repe Len 2 4 2 0 HEADING TAPE 8 itt nen zn teint nn nihii ated edi Dette 2 4 2 1 WIND SPEED DIREGCTION t cet rod eren 2 6 2 9 TURN COORDINATOR 2 6 2 9 GPS DISPLAY oct 2 6 2 40 ANG E OF ATTACK ded nad cen Di cede ditas 2 7 2 T E SLIP INDICATOR s isi hei nat eet dedi a ade ceder in adt cei endi ea 2 8 2 12 USER DELECTABLE DATA BOXES ode ee t ed etie 2 8 2 19 EIXED DATA BOXES td dtu ne bed te e eru 2 8 2 14 TRIM FDAP G METER INDICATORS i trt ere td eade d P nere deret d Pese pes 2 8 2 15 CLOCK c dca tec ee aste es be eue osea 2 8 2 10 OBSTACLE WARNING Sis verte b eate dr P Ute e o ut era eT
18. 12 3 C 3 1 C 3 2 C 3 3 C 3 4 0 3 5 3 6 C 3 7 3 8 C 3 9 C 3 10 C 3 11 3 12 3 13 4 1 C 4 2 C 4 3 C 1 4 4 4 5 5 1 C 5 2 5 3 C 5 4 C 555 5 6 C 5 7 C 5 8 5 9 C 5 10 511 C 6 1 C 6 2 6 3 C 6 4 6 5 C 6 6 C T 1 C 7 2 7 5 7 4 7 5 C 8 1 9 1 9 2 C 9 53 194 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 10 1 11 1 1 11 2 11 3 1 11 4 11 5 12 1 13 1 113 2 Horizon User s Guide pg v Rev C CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 QUICK 1 1 1 UP nionem bdo 1 1 1 2 KNOBS AND BUTTONS 1 2 1 3 PRIMARY FLIGHT DISPLAY GROUP enne tese entere nn nnns 1 4 1 4 MOVING MAP GROUP GPS OPTION 1 5 1 5 ENGINE GROUP EIS OPTION REQ D iisi 1 6 1 6 GROUP OPTIONS eodeni Ete ee ankle e due peek pde c pd e E e dove p eid 1 7 1 MESSAGES ep e LR de Dre tread OE e RE ATA A TUE HR 1 7 1 8 HX WS DIFEERENGES e ele b E due ee 1 8 CHAPTER 2 1 2
19. 7 1 1 Ground Power Up The GRT Horizon will turn on once power is supplied When an Aircraft On Ground AOG power up occurs the startup screen will show software and navigation database version and GRT system status EFIS GRT HORIZON Power Up EFIS Software Integrity Check XXX EFIS Software Version AHRS Software Version Navigation Database Integrity Check XXX Navigation Database Date XXXXXX AHRS Communication Check XX GPS Communication Check XX Speed Distance Units Knots nautical miles Startup Screen To acknowledge the database information Press the button labeled ACCEPT Once acknowledged the default screen appears SET MENU General Setup Default Page Note The factory default screen is the Primary Flight Display PFD on Display Unit 1 and Map on Display Unit 2 7 1 2 In Flight Power Up GRT Horizon User s Guide An In Flight power up occurs when the following is true Airspeed greater than 50 mph and or GPS reported ground speed greater than 25 mph An In Flight power up will result in the display unit showing the same screen as was selected when the display unit was last powered down The startup screen will not show 7 2 Flight Data Recording The GRT Horizon allows you to record flights and engine data using the DEMO feature This feature will record flight and engine data which can be played back on the display unit The engine data
20. 8 NEAREST FUNCTION 2422 tare ce ta dene e edu dee pe eie pev ied aed ius 3 7 3 9 TERRAIN WARNING dd Lorca e det er ee aeter e aleae ve ga dees 3 8 3 10 OBSTACLE WARNING deci c dade to e evo ena terae eic va ea vade 3 8 3 11 XM WEATHER XM WEATHER MODULE 3 8 GRT Horizon User s Guide pg vi Rev C 3 12 TRAFFIC GARMIN GTX330 OR ZAON XRX 3 9 3 13 AUTO TUNING GARMIN SL30 40 REQUIRED 3 9 3 14 ELECTRONIC HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATOR EEEE Ennn 3 9 SR APO ME pL 3 10 3 16 CHECKLIS IS RD MENU Educ n MEME 3 10 9S4 A EOGBOOK 54 tei ss Hae ae A cee N aoe RI ERU D II 3 11 3 19 HX WS BDIFEERENGES err ERRARE EEA IRAN D EIS 3 12 CHAPTER 4 ENGINE MONITOR eene eee e e rupe 4 1 41 PUELIDATA E Rete deter Ee i it 4 1 4 2 EUEL TOTALIZER oec Qe dade ON pe date e ER EY 4 2 4 3 VERTICAE BAR GRAPHS po dc b e eee Hh cde crt Ae Pee eed e eu
21. Heading Bug is displayed as two side by side squares on the PFD heading tape and also in the data box above the left knob It is used to manually control the autopilot or as a visual reminder of desired heading The Heading Bug is set by turning the left knob on a PFD or MAP page to the desired heading Or to select the current heading press both knobs simultaneously GRT Horizon User s Guide NOTE If HDG mode is selected when the LOC or ILS is armed and the autopilot is being commanded with GPSS com mands the selected heading will be used to smoothly intercept the localizer When GPSS is not used the angle of LOC intercept is based on the response of the autopilot and is typically 45 degrees To select LAT A P ENAV 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press LAT ENAV button The Waypoint Course triangles and Ground Track triangle will turn magenta Note that the Nav souce selected must be navigating to a waypoint The autopilot will be steered to that waypoint To select LAT A P GNAV 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press LAT GNAV The EFIS passes roll commands from the 430 W 530 W 480 to the autopilot Vertical steering commands are EFIS generated This entry will only appear when the ARINC GPS Input setting is configured for the selected GPS receiver It will turn gray when roll commands are not bei
22. SAP Menu Option Labels Labels are blue or green boxes over the knobs or buttons and describe the function for that page SEL 3 0 127 014 Labels appear when knob or button is pressed and disappear after 4 seconds SET MENU Primary Flight Display Menu Time Out unless another knob or button is turned or pressed The selected or active feature is in a white border while others are within a black border Labels are dependent on the connected equipment and may be different than that shown in this manual 2 MEME Horizon User s Guide pg 1 3 Rev 1 3 Primary Flight Display Group Engine information is displayed at the The Primary Flight Display PFD has bottom of the screen This may be toggled selectable pages Using the button labeled OFF if desired PFD you may select the PFD page or one of three split pages PFD MAP Arc GPS edibus OO Roe required PFD HSI or PFD Engine Engine 15457 n Monitor required BRANI L pu SEL HDG 0 99 59 5 0 2 GPS1 GPS2 ALT 47 48 941 24 143 R nmi 350 000 010 AJ 7 Rs al a The GRT Horizon PFD is the main page used during flight It displays the basic six flight indicators and other information Displayed is e Artificial Horizon Airspeed Tape amp Indicator Altimeter Tape amp Indicator Turn Coordinator Ver
23. Set the heading bug to the desired heading and engage the autopilot 2 Tune the ILS frequency on the Nav receiver 3 ARM LOC ILS 4 Verify the ILS inbound course is set correctly EFIS Horizon will attempt to set it for you To manually set it set the Nav mode to LOC or GPS This will allow you to set the LOC course pointer on the EHSI screen 5 Fly the airplane using the heading bug When the conditions suitable EFIS Horizon will automatically change the Nav and lateral autopilot modes to ENAV and will capture the localizer smoothly GPS Enroute to Localizer 1 Set the Nav mode to GPS the LAT A P mode to ENAV Select the approach procedure on the GPS and engage the autopilot The approach procedure will navigate the airplane to the localizer intercept 2 Tune the ILS frequency on the Nav receiver 3 ARM LOC or ILS pg 6 2 Rev C 4 Verify the ILS inbound course is set correctly on the EHSI screen The EFIS Horizon will attempt to set it for you 5 When the conditions are suitable the EFIS Horizon will automatically change the Nav and lateral autopilot modes to ENAV and will capture the localizer smoothly VOR Enroute to Localizer Two Nav Receivers 1 Set the Nav mode to whichever Nav receiver is being used for VOR and LAT A P mode to ENAV Tune the VOR to the appropriate frequency and set the course pointer on the EHSI page The autopilot will track the VOR 2
24. This YouTube video shows how to make a landing using Flight Path Marker and the affect of wind http youtube com watch v 2Y4AgKOpUco fpm Climb Rate Feet Per Minute FTM Flight Track Marker GND Ground GPS Global Positioning Satellite GPSS GPS Steering GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 13 1 GRT Grand Rapids Technology GS Ground speed HITS Highway In The Sky Synthetic Approach HRS Hours HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator Knob Rotary Encoder two left and right LTG Lightning ILS Instrument Landing System MAP Moving Map group mpg Miles per gallon mph Miles Per Hour NAV Navigational signal NDB NonDirectional Beacon OROCA Off Route Obstacle Clearance Altitude PFD Primary Flight Display group RMI Radio Magnetic Indicator Rotary Encoder see Knob SAP Synthetic Approach See HITS SFC Specific Fuel Consumption Soft key Five white soft keys See Button TAS True airspeed TRK Track Va Design Maneuvering Speed Vc Design Crusing Speed Vd Design Diving Speed Vf Design Flap Speed Vfe Maximum Flap Extension Speed Vne Never exceed Speed Vno Maximum Structural Cruising Speed Rev C VOR Vhf Very high frequency Omni a Direct To location Airport VOR directional Range Lat Long coordinate is a waypoint or Vs Stall Speed any specified or selected point in space Vx Speed for Best Angle of Climb is a waypoint or Vy Speed for Best Rate of Climb NDB s airports as used prior to Wayp
25. To choose a different runway 3 2 MAP The MAP display is track up or heading up according to user settings The MAP group shows Pressing the softkey will cycle the e Airports MAP through the four map view modes e Airs Aircraft symbol at bottom of screen Arc pace e NAVaids View aircraft symbol in center of screen 360 deg View North Up View and HSI GPS NAV Course which overlays HSI over the center view Heading Select Bug map HSI requires SL30 or ARINC interface NAV mode status Wind Direction and Speed Weather optional Traffic optional GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 3 1 Rev KOSH 99 59 p 19 13 29 x 0 5 nmi 357 350 10 020 0 0 HDG 030 GRB 040 Map 360 The map depicted on the GRT Horizon is based on the navigation database within the EFIS The database within an external GPS is not used as this data is not transmitted to the EFIS 3 3 Selecting Map Details On any MAP page except HSI page information about navaids and airports in the database is selectable by pressing the right knob Airport NAVaid Selection A yellow line will appear on the screen from the airplane to the item airport navaid nearest the map up reference Horizon User s Guide This item will be highlighted with a yellow circle and basic information about it will be displayed Rotating the knob will move the highlight to the next item nearest accordin
26. a numeric display of the measured fuel quantity rounded to nearest gallon The right bar graph is the Fuel Totalizer display and requires EIS Fuel Flow option When fuel is added the total fuel quantity on board is input to the system either by manual entry to EIS or by manual entry to Horizon See Chapter 4 2 for details The green bar and the numeric display at the top of the bar is the current total fuel It is calculated by subtracting fuel used as measured by the fuel flow transducer s from the manually input total fuel quantity on board The calculation is accurate to 1 decimal place After fueling the Fuel Totalizer numeric display should agree with the sum of the tank quantities numeric displays at the top of the left side bar graph There may be minor rounding errors The Fuel Totalizer right Display has a red diamond on it The diamond is the sum of fuel quantity reported by the tank sensors It should stay fairly even with the top of the Fuel Totalizer green bar If it goes down faster it may be indication of a fuel system leak causing fuel in the tanks to be depleted quicker than the totalizer is calculating Each bar tank quantity sensor and Fuel Totalizer quantity may display a user set red line as low fuel warning To the right of the totalizer right bar graph is displayed Fuel Flow Endurance based on user input fuel burn rate and Range based on calculated Endurance and current airspeed All
27. and 2 000 foot obstruction clearance in designated mountainous areas within the United States An altitude below the OROCA is shown yellow above the OROCA is shown green To set the barometric pressure value on the altimeter Turn the right knob on any PFD page When the desired barometric value is pg 2 3 Rev displayed in the lower right corner press the knob to enter You may set an altimeter bug or preset altitude on the altimeter tape to provide a visual alert of an important altitude It will display as two magenta triangles Setting an altimeter bug will also cause a green arc altitude intercept arc to appear when a MAP page is displayed green arc shows where you will be located when the preset altitude is reached This feature works both in climb or descent The arc will move as VSI and speed changes occur It is helpful as a backup to monitor progress towards hitting crossing restrictions or arriving at pattern altitude Chapter 3 6 And finally a preset altitude serves as the hold altitude for autopilots with vertical steering capability Chapter 5 3 2 To set an Altitude bug 1 Press the right knob on any PFD page 2 Turn knob to desired Altitude 3 Press knob to set 2 5 Vertical Speed Tape Just to the left of the altimeter tape is the vertical speed tape It shows vertical speed in feet per minute The vertical speed is also presented digitally at the bottom of the scale when descending an
28. baroset 5 From the display unit which contains the AHRS PFD select the Altimeter Calibration page in the Settings Menu 6 Verify the baroset is 29 92 Rev C 7 Use the left knob to select blue box and press the knob to highlight white box the BIAS field 8 Temporarily adjust the BIAS on this page until the altimeter reads O ft 9 Set the altimeter test set to 30 000 ft 10 Note the GRT Horizon altimeter reading 11 Calculate the scale factor as follows Calculate the Altitude Error as Altitude Error GRT Horizon Altimeter Reading with test set at 30 000 ft If the GRT Horizon altitude is less than 30000 ft the Altitude Error is negative Calculate the Pressure Error by multiplying the Altitude Error by 0 819 The result will be a negative number If the GRT Horizon altitude is greater than 30000 ft the Altitude Error is Positive Calculate the Pressure Error by multiplying the Altitude Error by 0 795 The result will be a positive number The scale factor is then calculated as follows Alt Scale Factor 42012 42012 Pressure Error The result should be a number greater than 0 9744 and less than 1 0255 Set the Alt Scale Factor as calculated Current GRT Horizon software may show ERROR next to Calibrate This can be ignored 12 Set the altimeter test set back to sea level 0 ft 13 Set the BIAS so that the altimeter reads O ft GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 92 14 Comp
29. by following the same steps as listed above using LOC REV on the ARM button The EFIS Horizon will attempt to automatically set the course selector to the back course but if it is unable the pilot should set the back course manually Glideslope coupling to the vertical autopilot steering will not occur automatically in LOC REV mode If the back course is being used for course reversal via a procedure turn or hold the following steps should be used 1 Use the LOC REV ARM feature to capture and track the localizer outbound 2 When ready set the LAT A P mode to HDG and use the heading bug to make course reversal When pg 6 3 Rev C making 180 degree direction changes the autopilot will make turns in the direction the heading bug is moved 3 On the completion of the course reversal while flying the inbound leg to the localizer front course follow the procedures above for Vectors to Localizer to capture and track the inbound localizer Precision Approaches Glideslope Coupling to Autopilot ILS Armed When the ILS is armed using the ARM button the autopilot will automatically capture the glideslope when the airplane is at or above the glideslope The vertical autopilot Nav mode displayed in the upper left corner of the PFD will show G S Arm and then G S CAPT GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 6 4 Rev C CAUTION Arming approach here may result in aggressive pitch changes Glideslope Capture App
30. can be converted and downloaded to a spreadsheet format for analysis using the EIS Log software The USB memory stick must be in a MFD to record flight data best to insert the memory stick at least one minute before stopping the record function in order to allow the display time to find and activate the memory stick To record a flight using DEMO feature 1 Press any button then NEXT more than once may be required pg 7 1 Rev second than if those options are disabled Since the amount of memory is limited disabling options will allow a longer data acquisition time size of the memory GPS2 ALT stick only has to be larger than the internal DENEN y i 7 3 Messages GPS1 When a parameter is out of limit or a flight condition needs attention the GRT Horizon EFIS will annunciate the problem s 2 Press DEMO button to select These messages are displayed on the all RECORD The recording will begin group pages Options are presented to and a message will remind you to remedy the annunciation by pressing the stop the recording before turning off MSG button the power to the display unit If a warning light is connected problems will also cause that light to illuminate Record If a CO Guardian is connected it will annunciate on the GRT Horizon as a warning showing the PPM of CO A typical message will look something like this OIL P meaning oil pressure is out of limit Pressing the MSG
31. is display limited it will be displayed at the left or right end of the tape The end chosen is the direction to turn the aircraft to get the parameter onto the tape and out of display limited For example if the Magnetic Heading is 270 and the GPS Ground Track is 220 strong wind from the North the display limited Ground GRT Horizon Users Guide Track triangle will appear on the left end of the tape indicating a left turn is required to get the Ground Track triangle back on the tape and out of display limited The relative position between two display limited indicators remains accurate allowing the pilot to align them to achieve the same result as if they were not display limited When the Ground Track indicator is display limited the Flight Path Marker and ground referenced symbols runways and obstacles are artificially shifted so that they remain on the screen but in such a way that their position relative to each other is correct This allows these items to be visible on the screen no matter how large the drift angle CAUTION When the Ground Track indicator is hollow indicating it is display limited the ground track indicated is necessarily inaccurate This means that the aircrafts track over the ground is not as indicated and the pilot should be aware of this inaccuracy with regard to obstacle and terrain clearance Should the Flight Path Marker become display limited it will ap
32. it does not change by more than 2 degrees while doing the following 1 Turn on and off any electrical equipment whose wiring passes within 2 feet of the magnetometer 2 Move the flight controls from limit to limit 3 If the magnetometer is located within 2 feet of retractable landing gear operate the landing gear If greater than 2 degree change is noted either relocate the magnetometer or offending wiring or metallic materials Recheck Before performing the magnetometer calibration procedure approximate accuracy of the uncorrected magnetic heading data must be checked While the calibration procedure can remove errors as large as 125 degrees accuracy is improved if the location chosen for the magnetometer requires corrections of less than 30 degrees 9 2 2 To check the accuracy of the uncorrected magnetic heading 1 Scroll to Magnetometer Calibration 2 Press knob to select 3 While on this page rotate the airplane 360 degrees A red graph will appear on this page showing the errors showing the calculated errors If errors of greater than 30 degrees are observed this may be caused by magnetic disturbances near the magnetometers such a ferrous metal magnetic fields from electric motors or if the magnetometer orientation is GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 9 3 not the same as the AHRS For every 1 degree of misalignment between the magnetometer and the AHRS approximately 3 degrees of h
33. knob 2 Rotate to select 30 60 120 or 240 seconds of data 3 Press the right knob again to accept The picture below shows the EGT page with the LEAN function OFF The last 120 seconds of EGT data is plotted graph color corresponding to cylinder color GRT Horizon User s Guide 1500 1300 1100 900 EGT Page LEAN OFF To access the EGT page 1 Press a button 2 Press the DATA button to select EGT With the LEAN function set to LEAN as you lean your engine the EGT page will show the first cylinder to peak surrounded by a white box As you continue leaning the last cylinder to peak will be shown in a green box You may then enrichen your engine until the EGT of the cylinder in the white box reaches the desired temperature Then set the LEAN function to NORM The numbers then shown are either positive or negative representing the difference from peak To access the LEAN function 1 Press a button 2 Press LEAN button to select LEAN NORM or OFF pg 4 3 Rev Psi Temp Volt EGT Page LEAN LEAN The LEAN NORM function shows the difference between the cylinder temperatures from the time the NORM function is pressed The LEAN LEAN function shows the cylinders peak from first to last and their temperature difference from that point in time EGT 42 15001 1300 E 4 7 HIST Page The Engine History page provides both CHT and EGT history The page provides 30 2
34. minutes then will annunciate if the parameter is still out of limit 1 MIN pressing 1 MIN will silence the alarm for 1 minute then will annunciate if the parameter is still out of limit NO INHIBIT pressing NO INHIBIT will take you back to the previous menu Responding to a CO Guardian warning will cause the CO Guardian to be reset 7 4 Updating Software The navigation database and software in GRT Horizon Up are updated using the same procedure as described below Navigation database updates are available at www grtavionics com on a 30 day cycle When an EFIS software update is issued the latest navigation database is included The software updates loaded by this procedure will update the display unit software immediately and one additional step allows any update to your AHRS to be completed Updated software is available on the GRT website www grtavionics com Follow the instructions in the Support Software section to select and download the correct file for your EFIS A USB flash drive memory stick is supplied with your GRT Horizon and is used to transfer files from your PC to the EFIS The EFIS may not be compatible will all brands of USB flash drives so test any flash drives prior to use pg 7 3 Rev Flash Drive Memory Stick Preparation de Plug the flash drive into your computer Windows XP and Vista should recognize it automatically Earlier versions will require a driver The flash dr
35. mode indication The EFIS will give localizer priority over SAP to produce steering and autopilot coupling NOTE When displaying localizer data during the synthetic approach it is normal to see differences in the guidance provided by these two dissimilar sets of data This difference is most noticeable when further from the runway When the EFIS HORIZON navigation mode is LOC or ILS the synthetic approach will still be based on GPS data laterally but its inbound course will be adjusted by up to 1 5 degrees to more accurately match the localizer data 5 3 4 8 No Airport Found If the approach mode is selected but the GPS flight plan does not contain an pg 5 10 Rev approach airport as the last waypoint that can be matched to the GRT Horizon database then the synthetic approach cannot be activated The GRT Horizon will respond with a message No Airport found for Synthetic App and the approach mode will be turned off 5 4 Altitude Presets The GRT Horizon has three altitude settings that can be preset and are useful during an instrument approach They are Decision Height MDA Missed Approach Altitude Preset Altitude The altitude window will show on the display blink Turning the right knob immediately causes the number to be changed by 100 s of feet Waiting 5 seconds allows the number to be changed by 10 s of feet To set the DECISION HEIGHT DH or MINIMUM DESCENT ALTI
36. plan is an airport and is contained within the GRT Horizon navigation database or if an approach has been selected and the GRT Horizon is able to determine the airport and runway being used by the approach 2 The database contains the necessary information about this airport including runways runway orientation position elevation etc 3 AHRS Air Data Computer and GPS data are valid The list of available synthetic approaches shows the runway identifier the length surface type hard or soft lighting and crosswind component The crosswind component is shown as X Wind speed L R where the speed is in the units selected on the GRT Horizon and the L R indicates a left or right crosswind such that a left crosswind indicates the wind is blowing from left to right when on the approach The GRT pg 2 10 Rev Horizon will list the runways order of how closely aligned they are with the calculated wind direction Runways that are predicted to have a greater than 10 mph tailwind are shown with a yellow background The desired runway is selected using the left knob The selected runway will blink yellow on the PFD page CAUTION The pilot must not rely on the crosswind data displayed in the list for selection of the appropriate runway Wind speed and direction is usually different on the surface The GRT Horizon is making its prediction based on its calculated winds at the time the approach mode is
37. the extended runway centerline and within 20 nm of the runway GRT Horizon User s Guide threshold A message Synthetic Approach Captured will be displayed when this transition occurs and the GPS CDI and course indicator will then be driven by the synthetic approach as well as the autopilot If capture of the synthetic approach is attempted close to the runway the GRT Horizon will try to predict when it must begin turning onto the synthetic approach course based on groundspeed and intercept angle so that it does not overshoot the course Since the response of the autopilot and airplane cannot be predicted perfectly overshoot is possible and some loss of accuracy in the initial tracking of the synthetic approach may be expected The following diagram illustrates the synthetic approach capture criteria pg 5 7 Rev C After synthetic approach glideslope capture the MISSED softkey will appear on the PFD screen Press this button and set engine power to full to execute a missed approach 2 5 degrees gt la 2 5 degrees Capturing the synthetic approach emulates capturing a localizer and If the SA is ARMed close to the runway capture may occur earlier than expected This occurs because the EFIS tries to predict when the turn must be started in order to capture the SA course Depending on the direction of travel and speed this can result in capture that begins well outside of 2 5 degrees
38. three spikes is a projection of the aircrafts flight path and predicts the future position of the aircraft based on current aircraft state parameters attitude speed wind etc and assumes they remain constant FPM will appear to float about the display as the aircraft pitches and rolls This movement is most evident in strong crosswind or unusual attitudes GRT Horizon User s Guide 2 3 Airspeed Tape The Airspeed tape displays airspeed and three user selectable speed bugs which appear as magenta triangles with letters X Y amp G for Vx Vy and Vg The Bugs are set in the SET Menu General Setup Primary Flight Display The background color of the airspeed tape are the standard airspeed color segments white stall speed Vs to flap extension speed green stall speed Vs to maximum structural cruise speed Vno yellow maximum structural cruise speed Vno to never exceed speed Vne Between the airspeed tape and window is the trend indicator This is a red arrow that indicates the direction and rate of airspeed change and points to the airspeed the aircraft will be at in 5 seconds t only appears if the airspeed is changing 2 4 Altimeter Tape The Altimeter Tape displays altitude above mean sea level MSL in hundreds of feet The background color of the altimeter tape shows the Off Route Obstacle Clearance Altitude OROCA which provides 1000 foot obstruction clearance in non mountainous terrain areas
39. 200 on i 20 and with a MSG label For example 997 D ALT Out of Limit Message Messages are displayed on the all group ages Options to remedy the annunciation Engine Map Arc E y GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 1 7 Rev C are available by pressing the button labeled MSG See Chapter 7 for more details 1 8 HX WS differences HX displays have Synthetic Vision The PFD display may display an out the window view of the terrain ahead second display may display a top down view of the terrain beneath the aircraft Synthetic Vision may be toggled ON or OFF When OFF the displays are the same as HS displays WS displays do not present engine information at the bottom of the PFD display nor Synthetic Vision airspeed and altitude tapes solid color transparent GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 1 8 Rev C Chapter 2 FLIGHT DISPLAY In this section we will show you the symbology and function within the Primary Flight Display At first glance it looks like a lot of information you re right but in a short amount of time you will be able to use every feature with ease 2 1 Using the Primary Flight Display Below is the basic PFD page 164 65 000 oio 020 O37 040 050 060 031 12 38 13 1 xm cA 72 E o MRA 180 4 d 10 10 s 160 142 mL 120 100 H 110
40. 3 Vertical Bar Graphs Up to six user selectable vertical bar graphs may be displayed in this area Each shows the numeric value of the parameter at the top and each may have red lines and green arcs By manipulating the start and end points it is possible to arrange them so the green area would be half way up during normal operation This arrangement makes it easy to quickly verify that all parameters are normal 4 4 Dials Up to four dial displays are user configurable The top two are always displayed The bottom two may be replaced with other displays bar graphs histograms etc Flight time this flight displays at the top between the two dials Percent power as determined by the Engine Performance chart is displayed at the bottom between the two dials Total logged time is displayed to the right of the right dial 4 5 TEMPS Page The Temps page shows CHT and EGT temperatures pg 4 2 Rev C 15 46 4893 8 0 4 F Psi Flow 75210 4 16 84 84 300 315 260 270 1800 1600 1400 Oil Oil EIS EFIS Amp 1200 Psi Temp Volt Volti 5 1000 997 D ALT 1 2 34 Temperature Page To access the TEMPS page 1 Press a button 2 Press the DATA button to select TEMPS 4 6 EGT Page The EGT page shows Exhaust Gas Temperatures and is useful for leaning The page provides 30 240 user selectable seconds of CHT and EGT history To select the time to be displayed 1 Press the right
41. 40 user selectable seconds of CHT and EGT history To select the time to be displayed 1 Press the right knob Horizon User s Guide 2 Rotate to select 30 60 120 or 240 seconds of data 3 Press the right knob again to accept 5 1 121425 6 9 1 14 RPM E 1 1 2140 85 0 Psi Temp Volt Engine History 4 8 STATS Page The Engine Stats page provides a quick reference area for a number of different parameters 15 464893 8 0 4 F Psi Flow 234 30 Endur 0 Range 24 108 0 0 13 9 7 i Oil Oil EIS EFIS Amp Psi Temp Volt Volti Engine Stats 4 9 DIALS Page The Engine Dials page allows certain parameters to be viewed in a dial format An example of this page view follows pg 4 4 Rev 15 46 4893 8 0 4 F Psi Flow Oil Oil EIS EFIS Amp Psi Temp Volt Volti 997 D ALT Engine Dials 4 10 Split Pages It is possible to split pages to display Engine Moving Map or PFD pages side by side at the same time HS and HX Horizons may display engine data at the bottom of the display Many combinations of PFD MAP and ENG split pages are available Those of interest are user enabled Settings Menu General Set Up 2140rPm 20 5 35 mA 70 000 1 20 TRk 25 5 Range A LR Fuel SEL HDG Fuel Total 010 Engine Map To access this view 1 Press any button followed by ENG 4 11 Engine Page Settings GRT Horizon Users Guide There are two Setting Me
42. EIS can be equipped to serve as a backup airspeed indicator and altimeter This has the added benefit of automatic cross checking against the GRT Horizon s airspeed and altitude Why is the GPS database free Our database is based on U S government data provided to us at no charge Will a database be available for airspace outside of the United States Yes The only difference regarding the database outside of the US is that it will only include airports with runways of 3000 feet or greater Can use Nav Com other than a Garmin SL30 with the Horizon The GRT Horizon interfaces with the SL30 exclusively There are no analog inputs for other radios You may use other Nav Com for Nav data however you will need a CDI head like a GI106A to show course deviations Can use a low cost handheld GPS with the GRT Horizon Rev C Yes Even low cost GPS receivers include the required NMEA 0183 output Are GRT settings user selectable Yes Practically all data may be displayed in your choice of units including the barometric pressure setting temperatures fuel quantity etc What is the most important feature of the GRT Horizon The most feature of the GRT Horizon is the high integrity AHRS that is not GPS dependent What good are attitude data and the GRT if you can t trust it Why doesn t the GRT include an autopilot function While it is possible for the GRT to also perform an autopilot function with th
43. ITEM 2 Horizon User s Guide item ITEM Z3 and so Note that there is a space between item and ITEM There are codes you can enter such as 25 for your current oil pressure value and 53 for your current baroset that can be used like this item CHECK OIL PRESSURE 25 item SET BAROSET 53 The checklist display will look like CHECK OIL PRESSURE 64 SET BAROSET 29 92 Codes for each parameter are item RPM 96096 item EGT 1 1 item EGT 2 2 item EGT 3 96396 item EGT 4 4 item EGT 5 5 item EGT 6 96696 item EGT 7 7 item 8 8 item EGT 9 9 item CHT 1 961096 item CHT 2 11 item CHT 3 961296 item CHT 4 961396 item CHT 5 961496 item CHT 6 961596 item EIS VOLTS 16 item FUEL FLOW 961796 item EIS TEMPERATURE 18 item CARB TEMPERATURE 19 item COOLANT TEMPERATURE 962096 item HOURMETER 962196 item FUEL REMAINING 962296 item FLIGHT TIME 962396 item OIL TEMPERATURE 24 item OIL PRESSURE 962596 pg 3 10 Rev item EIS AUX 1 26 item EIS AUX 2 27 item EIS AUX 3 28 item EIS AUX 4 29 item EIS AUX 5 30 item EIS AUX 6 31 item FUEL ENDURANCE 32 item FUEL RANGE 33 item ENGINE PERCENT POWER 34 item EFIS VOLTS 1 35 item EFIS VOLTS 2 36 item EFIS VOLTS 3 37 item ANALOG AUX 1 38 item ANALOG AUX 2 39 item ANALOG AUX 3 40 item ANALOG AUX 4 41
44. If no entries are blank then select an entry and press Delete to clear the entry The Start Cal button will be displayed when the cursor box is on a blank entry 9 Press the Start Cal button to begin 10 Find a heading such that the ground track indicator is aligned with the heading indicator on the PFD or map pages within 5 degrees This will result in the airplane flying directly into or with the wind Establish the desired IAS for the correction Do not change the power setting until the calibration is complete 12 Press the Ready button The GRT Horizon will average the data until the on screen count down timer reaches O 13 Maintain constant heading and altitude until the count down timer reaches 0 14 Turn to the reciprocal heading when prompted 15 When established on this heading at the same altitude and power setting as in step 11 press the READY button The data will be collected until the count down timer reaches 0 The correction table will then display this correction 16 Process is complete If you feel that an entry is inaccurate it may be deleted by selecting it with the cursor box using the knob and pressing the DELETE button You will be asked to confirm deletion of this entry before it is erased These entries can be saved using the GRT Horizon Settings Backup selection on the display unit maintenance page They may also be manually entered if desired using the EDIT function GRT Ho
45. In the MAP group there is an automatic logbook function which generates a logbook entry for each flight Airspeed greater than 25 knots forces the creation of a logbook entry Recorded in the logbook are Date Origin Orig Destination Dest Flight Hours Hrs Fuel Used Fuel Departure Time Dep Arrival Time Arr Additional logbook information may added by the user include pg 3 11 Rev Engine Hours Eng Hr or IFR Number of passengers PAS SHOW Fuel Added FA Oil Added OA Shade Terrain The entries will accumulate up to 200 before the EFIS will overwrite the older entries RNG SELECT An EDIT option allows to add information listed above A DOWNLOAD option is provided to download the entries to a spreadsheet for permanent recordkeeping future viewing All Moving Map features are identical on WS 3 18 HX WS Differences and HS Horizons Synthetic Vision HX Only Synthetic Vision is a feature of the HX Horizon When selected a top down view of the topology around the current aircraft position is displayed on MAP pages in addition to the forward out the window presentation on the PFD When Terrain Warning is enabled red 0 500 ft and yellow 500 1000 ft warnings are overlaid on the Synthetic Vision display Selecting Synthetic Vision To select Synthetic Vision mode press any button then NEXT more than once may be required until the SHOW l
46. KOSH 99 59 003 19 11 45 0 5 nmi 357 Y IC KOSH 99 59 Maga 19 13 29 0 5 nmi 357 350 10 0 i SA 0200 030 eo GRB 2 5 0 2 P 4 EHSI NORTH UigoG 009 19 13 11 9 1 5 Engine Group EIS option req d The GRT Horizon ENG group may display full screen engine information or split screen ENG MAP Arc Use the button labeled ENG to switch views SSNS M Horizon ENG displays engine parameters in a variety of user selectable graphics Parameters displayed include Revolutions per Minute RPM Manifold Pressure MAP Oil Temperature Pressure Voltage Amps Cylinder Head Temperature GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 1 6 Rev Exhaust Gas Temperature 1 6 Group Options Fuel Flow Pressure Coolant Temperature To select options within a particular group Carburetor Temperature use the NEXT button Turbine Inlet Temperature N1 N2 Lean Function GPS1 User Defined Parameters GPS2 Hm There are six different graphic displays within the ENG group that are selectable by using the button labeled DATA Details of each display are in Chapter 4 Engine Monitor 15 464893 8 0 4 Flow 234 30 Endur Range 0 1 7 Messages 84 84 EGT 84 1800 1600 When a parameter is out of limit or a flight condition needs attention the Horizon EFIS 1400 i will annunciate the problem s on the display Oil Oil EIS EFIS Amp 1
47. RT for its engine monitoring functions The EIS provides a full time easy to read display of engine data This makes a single GRT display unit completely practical Without the EIS a second GRT display would be required to allow full time display of engine data Engine monitoring requires numerous connections to the engine and its sensors Each of these connections is exposed to high levels of electrical noise and has the potential of electrical faults introducing unexpected voltages to them Bringing signals of this type into the GRT has the potential for adversely affecting the and thus reducing its integrity Rev C The EIS provides convenient backup for altitude and airspeed data if desired For multiple display screen configurations the EIS may be remotely mounted How does this GRT compare with the other EFIS systems There are 3 levels of differences The First Level The obvious differences are the size and functionality This size of the display unit is large enough to allow the artificial horizon to look natural that is like a synthetic view of the outside world complete with airports and obstructions and still have room for both tapes and large digital displays of airspeed and altitude At the same time the size is is small enough to allow multiple display screens Since each multi function display unit can display any data primary flight data moving map graphical engine data or a
48. S and VOR NAV The Nav Mode selections available are GPS1 GPS2 Nav1 and Nav2 Nav Mode GRT Horizon User s Guide may be a combination of two GPSs internal or external and two Nav sources external for example GNS430 and SL30 or Dual SL30 or Dual GNS430 A GPS selection may be the GPS side of the GNS430 and Nav selection may be the Nav side of the GNS430 For example GPS1 430 GPS GPS 2 Internal GPS Nav 1 430 NAV ILS VOR Nav 2 SL30 The NAV mode is displayed in the upper left corner of the PFD display Green is GPS White is Nav 1 Cyan is Nav 2 Yellow is Caution Input required Mode not fully engaged To select press any button and the NAV MODE label will appear The button under the label will select between the available modes 2 19 LAT A P VERT A P and ARM LAT A P and ARM will appear if Lateral Autopilot Functions are ON Settings Menu General Setup VERT A P will appear in Vertical Autopilot Functions are ON Their use is described in Chapter 5 If Lateral Autopilot Functions are OFF these buttons will not appear 2 20 Synthetic Approach Synthetic Approach identified as SAP mode allows the GRT Horizon to provide lateral and vertical guidance to most runways contained in the EFIS navigation database position data for each end of the runway must be in the database The vast majority of airports in the database have this pg 2 9 Rev C information Vertical and lateral guidance fo
49. SAVE with the left knob and press the knob to save the Flight Plan 3 7 2 2 Other Flight Plan Entry Options Other options include selecting a stored Flight Plan using Sel FP reversing a Flight Plan for the return flight using Rev FP or clearing deleting a Flight Plan using Clr FP All three are found over the left knob Selecting Go to Leg moves you to that point in the Flight Plan and is used to edit the Flight Plan 3 7 3 Other Navigation Features In both modes there are five functions selectable using the right knob display waypoint details activate deactivate PFD information artificial horizon airspeed and altitude toggle between external and internal flight plans copy flight plans and import flight plans To turn on PFD artificial horizon airspeed and altitude while in the PLAN pages for single display systems this feature displays basic aircraft control information while performing flight planning tasks 1 From any MAP page press any button 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required 3 Press PLAN 4 Press right knob and scroll to select PFD 5 Press right knob to turn on or off To use an external source for flight plans Horizon User s Guide 1 From MAP page press button 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required 3 Press PLAN 4 Press right knob and scroll to select EXTERNAL 5 Press right knob to view 6 Press the button labeled COPY to
50. SET MENU but is still selected on the SHOW button NOT READY The display is busy loading other databases e Waiting for USB The display did not find terrain on a flash card and is waiting for a USB flash drive to be inserted A USB flash drive may take up to a minute to be detected No database A terrain database was not found on any storage device The display will stop searching until the next boot Loading The terrain database integrity is being checked and the index is being loaded into memory The time this requires depends on the size of the database and how busy the display is The terrain will start up faster while on the Power Up and MAP pages e OK terrain database has completed loading Terrain will be drawn and the terrain alarm activated if requested Low memory Some part of the terrain database was not able to load because the display is low on memory This message should not normally be seen but is possible if several memory intense features are all active at the same time Weather terrain large map ranges and DEMO recording can GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 12 1 consume large amounts of memory The display will attempt to use any parts of the terrain that could be loaded Report this message to GRT Bad database The terrain database has been damaged or is not compatible with the display software ERROR The display has detected a failure in its terrain pro
51. TUDE MDA 1 Press PFD button 2 NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press SET DA button 4 Press the right knob SET The Decision Altitude will then be displayed above the digital altitude box as a reminder and the altitude tape will be marked at the DA and below with vertical red lines To set the Missed Approach Altitude 1 Press PFD button 2 NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press SET MISSED ALT button 4 Press the right knob SET GRT Horizon User s Guide The EFIS Horizon with the MISSED altitude preset and the vertical guidance autopilot engaged will command the autopilot to the missed altitude when the MISSED button is pressed The Preset Altitude is not used by the EFIS Horizon but is provided as a reminder for the pilot It also is set similarly and displays in the bottom of the Altitude Select box in the upper right corner of the EFIS Horizon Preset Altitude will be in parenthesis and its color will be gray To set the PRESET ALTITUDE 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press SET PRESET ALTITUDE button 4 To save press right knob SET To clear an ALTITUDE PRESET 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press SET DA or SET MISSED ALT or SET PRESET ALTITUDE button 4 Press CLEAR button 5 5 HX WS Differences Autopilot Coupling functions are the same for all GRT Horizon models pg 5 11 Rev
52. To use the standby frequency set it to active in the SL 30 40 3 14 Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator The Horizontal Situation Indicator HSI works just like a conventional HSI and is displayed in the MAP group The right knob manually selects the course on the display which is the arrow end of the HSI bar The heading bug is displayed as two squares and if a waypoint has been selected it is displayed as an arrowhead and tail that are not connected There are up two HSI pointers whose color indicate Nav mode GPS is Green Nav 1 white and Nav 2 cyan GPS track is shown by two dashed lines In the photo below GPS course is 153 location of green arrow pg 3 9 Rev C and readout lower right the heading bug is 233 location of squares and readout in lower left the magnetic heading is 010 and the GPS track is also 010 note wind is from 008 at 25 SEL HDG 3 15 Clock If selected in the General Setup menu a digital clock is displayed in the top right portion of the MAP screen The clock uses GPS for accuracy and will show either Zulu or user selected time 3 16 Checklists In the MAP group the EFIS also provides customizable checklists On your home PC create a notepad file It must be saved as a txt file standard notepad format and titled CHECKLIST txt Checklist format is as follows list NAME OF LIST 1 item ITEM 1 item ITEM 2 item ITEM list NAME OF LIST 2 item ITEM 1 item
53. abel appears The button under the label will select between SHADE turns on Synthetic Vision Terrain turns on Terrain Warning See Chapter Section 3 9 and OFF turns off Synthetic Vision and Terrain Warning restores brown and blue background on PFD and black background on Maps GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 3 12 Rev C Chapter 4 ENGINE MONITOR The Engine Monitor Display provides a graphical presentation of the information from sensors attached to the Engine Information System EIS 15 464893 8 0 4 i Flow 234 30 Endur 5 4 7 EGT 300 315 260 270 1800 1600 1400 Oil Oil EIS EFIS Amp 1200 Psi Temp Volt Volti 1000 997 D ALT 123 4 EGT Engine Monitor The Engine page always shows fuel data upper left up to six vertical bar graphs bottom left and two dials top right The bottom right area has six selectable views They are Temps EGT amp CHT vertical graphs e EGT 120 seconds of EGT data and EGT vertical graph e History 120 seconds of EGT and CHT data Bars adds up to 11 more vertical bar graphs Stats 12 predefined statistics Dials adds 2 more dials 4 1 Fuel Data The upper left Fuel Data area has two vertical bar graphs The left graph shows fuel quantity as measured by in tank fuel sensor s The green bar s provide a visual representation of fuel quantity There is a GRT Horizon Users Guide bar for each tank At the top of each bar is
54. activated The accuracy of the wind calculation is affected by the accuracy of the pitot static measurements and the calibration of the magnetometer After selecting a runway a different runway may be selected using the SAP button again The label will now provide a Chg Rwy option After selecting SAP and ARM Check barosetting will be annunciated Once the runway and barosetting are set the HITS will appear if able The HITS may Horizon User s Guide be behind above or below depending on aircraft position relative to the runway If the selected runway includes associated localizer in the GRT Horizon navigation database the message Synthetic Approach using Loc Course will be provided to remind the pilot that the approach will follow the localizer and may not necessarily be aligned with the runway centerline If the synthetic approach mode is selected but the GPS flight plan does not contain an approach or an airport as the last waypoint that can be matched to the GRT Horizon database then the synthetic approach cannot be activated The GRT Horizon will respond with a message No Airport found for Synthetic App and the synthetic approach mode will be turned off When the Synthetic Approach is enabled the height above the runway will be displayed under the Flight Path Marker in green This altitude will flash red green when below the Decision Height The Decision Height comes from database approach i
55. aes 7 1 2 EEIGHT DATA RECORDING Merten eee eges edv ute ALES 7 1 Fd MESSAGES T 7 2 TA UPDATING SOFTWARE 7 3 TLACAXKIAVS DIFFERENCES aiuta 7 5 CHAPTER 8 LIMITAT O N C 8 1 Horizon User s Guide pg vii Rev 8 1 ATTITUDE HEADING REFERENCE 2 2 8 1 2 HARDWARE outta dant E a Mtn ae Nod 8 1 8 3 XS WS DIFFERENCES iiie erras taedet eb ede Run a Rh ed ie 8 1 CHAPTER CALIBRATION 2255 00 cepa DV RD epa dpa e EUR ara 9 1 9 V ALTIMETER CALIBRATION iude 9 1 9 2 MAGNETOMETER CALIBRATION urain aa a tvi o eT ARE 9 2 9 3 TRUE AIRSPEED AND WIND CALIBRATION 5556 9 5 2066 9 6 9 5 FUEL FLOW TOTALIZER GAEIBRATION 5 Ro sie eg cuire redisse
56. after a turn In IFR conditions this will be observed as a GRT Horizon User s Guide difficulty in holding a heading after a turn is completed 8 2 Hardware Maximum Angular Rate in one all axis simultaneously 200 degrees second Maximum Indicated Airspeed Per Label on PFD Maximum Altitude Per Label on PFD Operating Voltage Range Per Label on Display Units 8 3 HX WS Differences All Limitations are the same for all GRT Horizon models pg 8 1 Rev C Chapter 9 CALIBRATION 9 1 Altimeter Calibration The accuracy of the altimeter can be adjusted using entries provided on this page to account sensor errors that may occur due to aging The adjustments stored within the AHRS Air Data Computer This means that is not necessary to enter these corrections into other display units that use data 9 1 1 Partial Altimeter Calibration Correcting Altimeter vs Baroset This calibration adjusts the relationship between altitude display the barometric pressure setting This calibration does not require an air data test set and may be performed on an annual basis or as needed as follows Position the aircraft at a location with a known elevation 1 Turn on the GRT Horizon and allow at least 5 minutes to elapse before continuing 2 Obtain the current barometric pressure setting This setting should be provided by the airport at which the airplane is located or a nearby airport and should
57. all speed This setting has a range of 1 25 1 5 The suggested setting is 1 3 1 4 The factory default is 1 4 9 8 HX WS Differences Calibration functions are the same on all GRT Horizon models GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 9 8 Rev C Chapter 10 SPECIFICATIONS PHYSICAL Please refer to www grtavionics com Products Flight Instruments Horiaon for the latest dimensions and weights POWER Input 12 Vdc 9 18V 1 5 amps 28 Vdc optional 18 36V 1 0 amp INTERFACES RS 232 serial Analog USB Ethernet HS only Horizon User s Guide pg 10 1 Rev C 11 What is the difference between the GRT Horizon and Horizon The Horizon is built for Instrument Flight Rules IFR flying It accepts a wide variety of radios gps and autopilots The autopilot command functions built into the Horizon allow for lateral and vertical coupling to the autopilot This permits hands off stick flying much like current and future technology airliners The GRT Horizon is much like the Horizon although tailored to the Visual Flight Rules VFR pilot It will communicate with a Garmin SL30 40 radio and provides lateral autopilot commands The AHRS Air Data computer is physically inside the Horizon instead of external like the Horizon The Horizon has limited inter display link features If you like to fly hard IFR with an automated cockpit your choice will likely be the GRT Horizon If you fly on
58. ation 5 Press EXIT to finish and return to the MAP page Note the magenta line from the airplane symbol to the waypoint and the waypoint data box on the PFD 3 7 1 2 To navigate to a waypoint airport or navaid shown on the MAP 1 From a MAP page press the right knob GRT Horizon Users Guide Scroll to the desired waypoint Press right knob The waypoint details will show 4 Press ADD WP The waypoint will be added to the DIRECT TO list and be the active destination The active destination is shown with a white D gt next to it 1 Press EXIT twice to finish and return to the MAP page Note the magenta line from the airplane symbol to the waypoint and the waypoint data box on the PFD B TO 3 7 1 3 To navigate to a nearby waypoint airport or navaid 1 Press NEXT more than once may be required 2 Press NEAR 3 Press AIRPORT or NAVAID 4 Scroll with either knob to desired waypoint 5 Press D gt The waypoint will be added to the DIRECT TO list and be the active destination The active destination is shown with a white D next to it 6 Press EXIT to finish and return to the MAP page Note the magenta line from the airplane symbol to the waypoint and the waypoint data box on the PFD 3 7 1 4 To navigate to a user specified waypoint by typing the identifier 1 Press NEXT more than once may be required 2 Press PLAN This will take you to the DIRECT TO flight plan page 3 Press D
59. button will display options to answer the message 3 To stop the recording locate the DEMO button and press STOP Be absolutely certain that a memory stick is in a DU prior to pressing STOP Data is written to internal memory during the flight and is transferred to the memory stick when STOP is pressed Allow time for data transfer The amount of internal memory available will affect Flight Data Recording All data available in the system is recorded So if Terrain WX and airports navaids out to max range are enabled more data is created per GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 7 2 Rev C OIL PRESSURE TOO LOW In the example the oil pressure is out of limit too low The EFIS will provide five options to choose from SHOW pressing and holding the SHOW button will display the engine menu so that you can view the alarm source HELP pressing and holding the HELP button will display a help banner ACK momentarily pressing the ACK acknowledge button will make the message go away The alarm has been momentarily silenced but will annunciate again if the parameter continues to exceed the limit INHIBIT pressing INHIBIT will bring up more options to silence the alarm OIL PRESSURE TOO LOW NO INHIBIT The INHIBIT options are Horizon User s Guide FLIGHT pressing FLIGHT will silence the alarm for the duration of the flight 15 MIN pressing 15 MIN will silence the alarm for 15
60. ce System AHRS The AHRS is subject to an angular rate maximum of 200 deg second If this limit is exceeded the AHRS Unreliable message will be displayed The air data airspeed and altimeter will remain valid however attitude data will not be The AHRS may take up to 180 seconds to align during initial startup During the first 10 seconds after power up the aircraft should remain motionless after that you may move the aircraft as desired The Align message will show on the screen with the time remaining for alignment Once the process is complete the artificial horizon will display AHRS Air Data computer software is independent of EFIS software The software versions are designated by the form 0 to distinguish them from EFIS software The AHRS Air Data computer system provides attitude airspeed and altitude data that is not dependent on external data such as GPS to perform these functions GPS data is not used to aid the AHRS and thus the loss of GPS data will have no effect on the AHRS The AHRS does use airspeed data but not altitude data to improve the accuracy of its attitude data Loss of airspeed data will only slightly degrade the accuracy of the attitude data and will not significantly alter the integrity of the data Thus the AHRS may be operated without airspeed pitot static connection Inaccurate airspeed data could result in noticeably inaccurate attitude data during turns and for a short time
61. cessing and has disabled all terrain functions Terrain will not be available until the next boot Report this message to GRT 12 2 AHRS Magnetometer Comm Interference Most problems encountered with attitude or heading after installation is the placement of the AHRS and Magnetometer near ferrous metals or com coax cables Most of these problems can be avoided if the Installation Guide is followed Wire bundles from the AHRS or magnetometer must be kept away from com coax cables It is suggested to run com coax on one side of the fuselage and AHRS Mag wire bundles on the other If the coax must pass by the wire bundles it is suggested that it be made perpendicular to the wire bundle See GRT Horizon EFIS Installation Guide for more detail Rev C Chapter 13 GLOSSARY ADC Air Data Computer AHRS Attitude Heading Reference System ALT Altitude AOG Aircraft On Ground ARINC 429 Aeronautical Radio Incorporated Interchange Protocol 429 Average Button Five white buttons See soft key CDI Course Deviation Indicator EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System EHSI Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicator EIS Engine Instrument System ENG Engine group FPM Flight Path Marker If you are not familiar with Flight Path Markers and their use there are a number of references on the internet This Van s Airforce thread offers a good explanation http www vansairforce com community showp ost php p 195475 amp postcount 11
62. commands for the autopilot Any of the connected sources internal GPS external GPS VOR NAV etc may be used See Chapter 2 17 The autopilot will be commanded to steer to the waypoint on the selected Nav source Note that steering is from waypoint to waypoint Curved paths such as procedure turns holding patterns and DME arcs are not in the EFIS database and are not commanded in ENAV mode GNAV Since the Horizon database does not contain approach information the Horizon cannot provide lateral steering for procedure turns DME arcs holding patterns etc However the Garmin 430 530 480 GPS pg 52 Rev receivers with or without WAAS provide GPS position flight plan data lateral deviation vertical deviation roll commands and mode selection to the EFIS over an additional ARINC 429 ARINC GPS connection just like the VOR LOC GS ARINC connection This information allows the EFIS to provide VNAV functions for an approach and follow roll commands from the GPS while still controlling pitch commands In most installations a switch is provided to connect the GPS receiver directly to the autopilot in the event of EFIS failure With this feature the switch can be left in the EFIS position unless there is an EFIS failure To select LAT A P HDG 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press LAT A P HDG The Heading Bug squares and Magnetic Heading triangle will turn magenta The
63. copy it to the GRT Horizon To import a flight plan any GPS format from flight planning software on a USB stick 1 From any MAP page press any button 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required Press PLAN Press right knob and scroll to select IMPORT 5 Press button labeled UP or DOWN to select the desired flight plan 6 Press the button labeled LOAD to copy it to the GRT Horizon pep 3 8 Nearest Function Pressing the NEAR button brings up options to select the nearest airport weather frequency navaid or metar Airport Whthr NAV Metar EXIT Searching for AIRPORT or NAVAID gives you the choice to add them as waypoint You then may select DIRECT TO that waypoint Selecting nearest WTHR FREQ or METAR allows you view METARs XM pg 3 7 Rev WX required or auto tune a selected weather frequency 3 9 Terrain Warning Terrain Warning provides a Forward Looking Terrain Avoidance FLTA function which looks ahead of the airplane along and below the airplane s lateral and vertical flight path and provides suitable alerts color change if a potential controlled flight into terrain CFIT threat exists Terrain Warning is available on any of the three MAP pages The GRT Horizon uses the terrain database currently available on the Grand Rapids Technologies website Go to www grtavionics com for the latest version To enable terrain display 1 Press any button 2 Press the center button to t
64. current weight of the airplane Approach AOA Indexer This indicator appears just to the right of the airspeed tape and shows the angle of attack relative to the optimal for approach When the angle of attack too low the airplane 15 flying faster than optimal approach speed yellow chevrons pointing up into a yellow circle prompt the pilot to increase back pressure to reduce speed and similarly red chevrons pointing down into a red circle prompt the pilot to push forward to increase speed When stall is imminent the word PUSH appears above the AOA indexer Horizon User s Guide The indexer will show a green circle with no chevrons when the angle of attack is in the optimal range WARNING The use of this indication is purely at the judgment of the pilot The accuracy of this AOA indexer and its stall warning is affected by EFIS sensor errors and the accuracy of the calibration procedure The EFIS calculation of angle of attack and the approach AOA indexer should not be used as the only stall warning instrument The approach AOA indexer will not appear at low angles of attack 0 30 G B 219 HD AOA Too High Need to Pitch Down Barber Pole Stall Speed Indicator A vertical red black bar is displayed on the bottom half of the airspeed tape The top of this bar corresponds to the stall speed at the current G loading and is based on the stall speed entry made in the EFIS and the normal accelera
65. cy of the pitot static measurements and the calibration of the magnetometer After selecting a runway it may be changed by using the SAP button again It will provide a Chg Rwy option 5 3 4 6 Highway in the Sky HITS Once the runway and barosetting are set the HITS will appear if able The HITS may be behind above or below depending on aircraft position relative to the runway 5 3 4 7 Height Above Touchdown HAT Height Above Touchdown is provided when the Synthetic Approach is enabled The HAT will appear below the Flight Path Marker in green and flash red green when below the Decision Height The Decision Height comes GRT Horizon User s Guide from database approach information if available Otherwise the Decision Height setting in the SET MENU is used 5 3 4 7 Synthetic Approach amp Localizer If the selected runway includes associated localizer in the GRT Horizon navigation database the message Synthetic Approach using Loc Course will be provided to remind the pilot that the approach will follow the localizer and my not necessarily be aligned with the runway centerline When the localizer is armed or the Nav mode is LOC the synthetic approach mode will display the Highway In The Sky HITS but will not provide steering via the desired course and cross track deviation indicators or autopilot coupling This is indicated by the DISP selection in the SAP button and the lack of synthetic approach
66. d Yes exactly grows up and out of the runway which is obviously a ground based reference The primary flight display is shown in Heading Up mode which is the preferred mode as this makes the view on the GRT match the view out the window Thus the difference between the heading up centered display and the ground based runway guidance is the crab angle This means that the approach is flown by maneuvering the airplane so that the flight path marker which represents your path through space is centered in the HITS Even without the flight path marker displayed interpreting the HITS is very natural as it is identical to the visual clues you use when you look out the window and fly the airplane to the runway in the presence of a cross wind You instinctively develop sense of the direction of travel of the airplane through space when you look out the window and the flight path marker is a precise indication of this point The flight path marker is commonly used on head up displays in fighter aircraft If so what happens if the wind is stronger does the HITS go off screen It would except that we apply display limiting This means we alter the position of all ground Horizon User s Guide pg 11 5 based symbology to keep the HITS and runway on the screen What is the sight picture if you are doing a circling approach or a close in base leg You see the HITS as though it was a tunnel projected up from th
67. d 4 2 LE DIALS M D CE ELE 4 2 45 TEMPS PAGE etie DL Gale eh do I eases ee ee ede a UTR 4 2 4 60 EGT PAGE CC 4 3 MIST PAGE E E EE 4 4 ASG STATS ele EE 4 4 4 9 DIAES PAGE igi dete tm eet tke 4 4 4 T0 SBEIT PAGES 12 2 3 e ie Qe iride Elise tte Fedele teed 4 5 4 11 ENGINE PAGE SETTINGS uci P t ed br tik tu etel e uir double herd ge tta 4 5 4 12 AX WS DIFFERENCES ixi t t etra bore iiu d 4 5 CHAPTER 5 A P COUPLINQ eere dee rra ihn rona eee er tu popa ro ea eot iR oes Zea eun MART PNIS 5 1 D T BENEFITS i sett ond orte etie tan ore attin me et dts aa ea ees 5 1 5 2 GPS NAV GPS STEERING eriden nati ert epit eee PR e gebe LR Dee pe T DER a epe eu 5 1 5 3 AUTOPILOT MOBES Sr eek ea age caver a tup cato 5 2 5 3 T LATeral A P iusta bis Doer end ee EP eee ie BERI etit 5 2 5 3 2 VERTical A P GPSS GPSV 5 4 5 9 9 ARM S esiti hut endete 5 5 5 3 4 5 ep eb HE Rr HEP Ee Ue Re ERR 5 6 54 ALTITUDE PRESETS o ted POE OI Entre
68. d at the top of the scale with climbing 2 6 Heading Tape A portion of the Heading Tape 70 degrees is presented at the top of the display and displays four parameters e Magnetic Heading point up triangle H underneath GRT Horizon User s Guide e GPS Ground Track point down triangle with T underneath e Bearing or Course to current GPS waypoint pair of inverted triangles e Heading Bug pair of squares The center of the heading tape position over the center of the bank indices is user selectable to be either Magnetic Heading or Ground Track SET MENU Primary Flight Display Up reference The display at the center above the bank indices presents the same information in numeric format as well as the label HDG or TRK to indicate the current selection Current Magnetic Heading is displayed on the Heading Tape as a point up triangle If Magnetic Heading is not selected as Up Reference the triangle will have an H below it position relative to the Ground Track indicates the current difference between ground track and heading Ground Track derived from GPS data requires a GPS source is displayed on the Heading Tape as a point down triangle If Ground Track is not selected as Up Reference the triangle will have a below it Its position relative to the Magnetic Heading indicates the current difference between ground track and heading The Bearing or GPS Course to the currently selected waypo
69. de and or heading data is accurate thus making it preferable to remain motionless during the first 10 seconds after power is applied After power up the startup screen will show software and navigation database version and GRT system status GRT Horizon User s Guide EFIS GRT HORIZON Power Up EFIS Software Integrity Check XXX EFIS Software Version Software Version XXXXXXXXX Navigation Database Integrity Check XXX Navigation Database Date XXXXXX AHRS Communication Check XX GPS Communication XX EIS Communication XX Speed Distance Units Knots nautical miles Inter Display Communication XX Startup Screen To acknowledge the database information press the button labeled ACCEPT Once acknowledged the default screen appears SET MENU General Setup Default Page Note The factory default screen is the Primary Flight Display PFD on Display Unit 1 and Map Display Unit 2 pg 1 1 Rev 1 2 Knobs and Buttons The GRT Horizon system is designed to make its use and operation simple The left and right knobs and five white buttons are used to access the many features in the EFIS Menu option labels show functions for each knob and button Buttons There are five buttons Pressing any button will display the corresponding menu options for that page The buttons may also be called SoftKeys They correspond to particular software functions within the GRT Hori
70. e Angle of Attack Pitch Offset setting If you have never adjusted this setting the AOA Pitch Offset will show Uncalibrated Change to Calibrate or X Change to Calibrate if calibration has been previously completed Note The AOA indexer and pitch limiter function is inhibited until calibration has been performed even if the EFIS Angle of Attack function has been enabled To calibrate 1 Change this entry to start calibration The EFIS will return to the PFD screen and will show the pitch limit indicator and AOA indexer on the screen with the right knob showing ADJUST and a value above it 2 Start with the airplane at least 5000 above the surface Slow the airplane and extend flaps Reduce power to idle and establish gliding flight 3 Gradually slow the airplane and note the speed at which stall occurs 4 Resume gliding flight and slow the airplane to within 1 or 2 mph of stall Use the right knob to adjust the pitch limit indicator until it is on nose or bar pitch indicator 5 Press the EXIT softkey to end calibration Calibration must be repeated if the AHRS is remounted in a different position Setting the optimal approach AOA This setting is used to set the optimal approach angle of attack The entry is made as a multiplier on the stall speed so a setting of 1 3Vs means that the AOA indexer will show Rev C optimal when the airplane s speed is 1 3 times the stall speed 3096 above st
71. e addition of a control panel and appropriate servos we intentionally choose to interface to stand alone autopilots A stand alone autopilot does not use the attitude data from the GRT and thus is effectively another source of this data If the autopilot was driven from the GRT attitude data an undetected failure of this data would result in the autopilot following the bad data This would make detecting the failure more difficult While undetected attitude failure is unlikely with our system the consequences of such a failure are potentially fatal In effect the autopilot serves as another source of attitude data and a good argument could be made for choosing an autopilot over a backup attitude indicator A turn coordinator would still be required for IFR flight Conversely with the independent autopilot and GRT attitude combination we have chosen a failure of either the autopilot or the GRT attitude data would result in an obvious disagreement and could trigger GRT GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 11 4 unusual attitude warning Safety is greatly enhanced Also autopilot designs are far from trivial The safety concerns and control laws which dictate the response of the autopilot require a degree of expertise that we feel is best left to the experts Why do you recommend the TruTrak autopilots We felt the design of the TruTrak was excellent in terms of safety and performance We especially liked the safety co
72. e ground The HITS will not appear on the screen if it is out of view unless it is out of view due to a strong cross wind We will be adding guidance to bring you to the top of the HITS so that we guide you to the vicinity of the airport and then provide steering to get you to top of the HITS This is not trivial however Does the GRT have a Quick Erect function No The only reason to have such a function is if the attitude information was to sometimes become corrupted The attitude data provided by our system is of very high integrity and there is no need for a quick erect function Note that even if the airplane is continuously performing turns and or aerobatics the attitude data will remain accurate What happens if the AHRS is turned off in flight It would be unusual to turn off the AHRS in flight as it is the primary source of attitude data If it is turned off the airplane must be flown as steady as possible for the first 10 seconds after power is re applied The plane can then be flown in any manner and the AHRS will begin providing attitude data within a minute or two Rev C Chapter 12 Troubleshooting The Troubleshooting section gives aid to common installation or use questions 12 1Terrain If the GRT Horizon is unable to show Terrain data you may see one or more of these flags This list will help in correcting in the Terrain data being displayed or not DISABLED Terrain was disabled in the
73. eading error can be expected If errors greater than 30 degrees are noted either relocate the magnetometer or offending wiring or metallic materials Recheck 9 2 3 Calibration Procedure NOTE The AHRS will not allow magnetometer calibration to be initiated if the airspeed is greater than 50 mph to prevent inadvertent selection while in flight If calibration is successful the existing calibration data if any will be replaced with the new corrections The Magnetometer Calibration page will guide you through this procedure with its on screen menus The steps you will follow are 1 Point the aircraft to magnetic north in an area without magnetic disturbances such as a compass rose A simple means of pointing the airplane toward magnetic north is to taxi the airplane slowly and use the GPS ground track to determine when you are taxiing in magnetic north direction Make small corrections to the direction of travel of the airplane and continue to taxi for several seconds for the GPS to accurately determine your ground track The GPS cannot determine your track unless you are moving 2 After aircraft is X positioned accurately turn ON the GRT Horizon If Rev C it was already on then turn it OFF and then back ON again 3 Allow atleast 1 minute for the AHRS to fully stabilize 4 Activate the magnetometer calibration function selecting the AHRS Maintenance Page and highlighting the Magn
74. ed in parentheses in the LAT A P indicator For example LAT A P can be set to GNAV after capture to prepare to follow the lateral instructions of a missed approach procedure the 430W 530W when MISSED is selected For HDG mode LAT A P should first be set to HDG and then the selected heading should be set in preparation for a missed approach This sequence must be done after capture The missed approach altitude can be set in the EFIS to also climb to a specific altitude regardless of the mode Chapter 6 provides more detailed examples of procedures for flying autopilot coupled ILS approaches LOC The ARM LOC mode allows automatic coupling to LOC localizer or ILS localizer with glideslope LOC REV The ARM LOC REV mode is provided for flying outbound on the LOC or for localizer back course approaches The LOC REV selection will reverse the sense of the LOC deviations displayed on the PFD and EHSI pages commands to the autopilot so that the localizer sensing appears as it does on a front course This eliminates the need to mentally reverse the localizer sense pg 5 5 Rev C 5 3 4 Synthetic Approach Synthetic Approach identified as SAP mode allows the GRT Horizon to provide lateral and vertical guidance to most runways contained in the EFIS navigation database position data for each end of the runway must be in the database The vast majority of airports in the database have this informat
75. eloped over 12 years of experience with the Engine Information System EIS line of engine monitoring and more than 20 years of aerospace experience This results in a robust design that has excellent tolerance for real world exposure to wiring errors radio and electromagnetic fields etc By comparison other manufactures will use displays not viewable in direct sunlight or their system may operate only over limited temperature range or may be limited by low maximum angular rates incomplete interfaces lack of built in test functions or data validation and further may operate in unconventional manners This second level is the level where the quality is designed in The Third Level These details are usually unseen but are what distinguishes aviation equipment from non aviation equipment It includes not only the Rev C selection of components suitable for use in an aircraft environment but also relies on a failure modes and effects analysis This analysis results in design features and functions such as built in test functions that add integrity High integrity means a low probability of an undetected failure of any of the flight critical data provided to the pilot This third level is the level where safety is designed in Conclusion In the simplest terms the difference between us and the others is the engineering and flying experience upon which our system is designed Horizon provides aero
76. etc must be entered into the autopilot directly Most GPS receivers including handhelds like Garmin GPSMAP 496 provide GPS Nav data for autopilot use The GRT Horizon is also capable of providing GPS Nav data to an autopilot using a serial interface Most autopilots accept GPS Nav data If GPS Nav mode is being used the autopilot must be in flight plan mode NOTE The autopilot must be in the mode that allows it to follow a GPS flight plan as if it was connected to a GPS In GPS Nav mode the intercept angle to the localizer is controlled by the autopilot and will usually be fixed at 45 degrees pg 5 1 Rev C The GPS Nav mode works well but does not allow as precise tracking of the localizer and synthetic approach as the GPSS interface especially in strong gusting winds GPS Steering GPSS amp GPSV Similar to GPS Nav the autopilot is provided GPS waypoints usually a sequence of waypoints which make up a Flight Plan The autopilot flies the airplane from one waypoint to the next With GPS Steering the autopilot does not have to intercept the new leg at a waypoint because it starts an intercepting procedure before reaching the waypoint so that when the intercept turn is complete the aircraft will be on the next leg With GPS Steering the GPS calculates a desired bank angle for the autopilot to fly There is no overshoot of the desired course in any course change GPS Steering allows the autopilot to fly comple
77. etometer Calibration selection 5 Change this setting with the knob to select the Magnetometer Calibration page Press Start Answer the question Yes Verify the airplane is still pointed to magnetic north answer the question Is the airplane AHRS and magnetometer pointed north with Yes A message will appear at the bottom of the screen indicating the system is waiting for the gyros to stabilize 9 Wait until this message is replaced with the message Calibration in Progress and immediately within 15 seconds begin the next step 10 Rotate the aircraft 360 degrees plus 20 degrees in a counter clockwise manner initially towards west The airplane does not need to be rotated in place but simply pulled or taxied in a circle The airplane must be rotated completely through 360 degrees plus an additional 20 degrees past magnetic north within 3 minutes after initiating the calibration The airplane should be rotated slowly such that it takes approximately 60 seconds for the complete rotation CON If calibration is successful the AHRS will re start itself automatically and begin using the corrections While re starting the AHRS data will not provide data and this will result in the AHRS data disappearing from the display unit for about 10 seconds GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 9 4 If calibration is unsuccessful one of two things will happen 1 It will exit calibration mode and will
78. fair weather days mostly with occasional light IFR your choice will likely be the GRT Horizon What do do if want to upgrade to the Horizon All we require to upgrade to the GRT Horizon is the cost difference send the Horizon back and we will ship a Horizon in its place What do need to upgrade to internal GPS All we require is the cost difference for the internal GPS option Send us the Horizon display unit and we will return the Horizon with internal GPS installed and antenna Why a wide format display GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 11 1 The wide format of the display was chosen to allow a more natural sense of the horizon this especially useful for low time IFR or VFR pilots The wide format is necessary to allow split screen displays It also allows for airspeed and altitude tapes to include analog and digital representations Why was the overall size chosen The overall size is such that two will fit stacked on top of each other in the RV and similar panels This allows a great deal of flexibility yet is still large enough to be easily readable Why not save the cost of the magnetometer and make this optional Without a magnetometer GPS data is required for calculation of attitude Bad or loss of GPS data would cause unexpected loss of attitude data and would reduce the integrity of the attitude data would reduce performance of the GPS AHRS cross check Why not build the EIS into the G
79. from the Direct To page Use the alpha numeric buttons to enter the identifier for the airport or navaid pg 3 4 Rev 4 Press the appropriate button to select letter or number for each character in the identifier When pressing the button under a column multiple times the cursor moves to the next letter in that column When pressing the button under a different column the cursor automatically moves to the next space in the identifier field The right knob controls the NEXT function which moves the cursor to the next space in the identifier field needed when identifier has two consecutive letters the same as in GRR The left knob controls the CLEAR CLR function which removes the letter or number entered allowing a different letter or number to be entered in the identifier field As you enter letters or numbers the GRT Horizon will provide lists of identifiers that contain the letters and numbers entered so far This can be helpful if you are not sure of the identifier While entering letters or numbers in the identifier fields the left knob controls the CANCEL function which returns to the previous DIRECT TO waypoint The left knob also controls the EXIT function which returns to the Direct To page without saving the entered DIRECT TO waypoint When selecting an airport or navaid the GRT Horizon will automatically ask for the ICAO prefix identifier K for North America for the airport if it is required
80. from the inbound course can be performed up to 20 nm from the runway Typically the synthetic approach will be captured when within the 2 5 degrees of the inbound course If capture is attempted close to the runway the EFIS will 2 When the airplane reaches a position where conditions are suitable the EFIS will automatically change the Lat A P mode to NAV if it isn t already and the EFIS Nav mode to GPS The airplane will smoothly capture the localizer inbound course if the intercept angle is 45 degrees or less and the distance to the runway is 8 nm or greater After SA capture the vertical autopilot mode will show attempt to anticipate the turn and capture will begin prior to reaching 2 5 degrees of the course SAARM 20 nm Intercept Angles of 45 degrees or less and 8nm or more from the runway provide the smoothest capture The airplane may be flown to intercept the SA at any intercept angle but after capture the EFIS will limit the intercept angles to a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 90 degrees 1 Arm the Synthetic Approach SA Select the desired runway if necessary The airplane will be steered according to the current navigation and autopilot mode SA capture will occur in any navigation or autopilot mode If being vectored select HDG on the Lat A P mode If flying the full approach be sure it is selected on the external GPS the EFIS Nav mode is set to GPS
81. g to its bearing Clockwise rotation of the knob causes the yellow line to rotate clockwise and counterclockwise rotation the opposite Details for each navaid or airport if in the database are viewable in the Details page The Details page will also have weather information such as if equipped with the XM Weather module subscription DETAILS Map Details To access the DETAILS function 1 Press the right knob and 2 Turn the knob to the desired navaid or airport 3 Press again to select DETAILS 4 Press again to exit back to the map page 3 4 MAP Slew feature allows you to move the map without changing the map scale Note that the slewed displays will be North pg 3 2 Rev C up however EXIT returns the as it was displayed before Slew To slew the MAP view 1 Press any button 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required 3 Press SLEW followed by WEST EAST NORTH or SOUTH 4 To return to present position press EXIT 3 5 Range Select The map view has user selectable range views from 1 101000 miles The time it takes to display MAP data is directly related to the amount of information being displayed Terrain slows the display significantly So does display of airports and navaids especially at longer range views Judicious use of user settings in the Moving Map Set Up page provides a balance of information and display speed To access the RNG
82. he difference between GPS groundspeed and true airspeed it is quite sensitive to true airspeed errors and for some airplanes a significant improvement in the accuracy of the winds can be achieved by performing this calibration The GRT Horizon does not provide any means to correct the indicated airspeed as this would result in the GRT Horizon showing a different indicated airspeed than other indicators that may be installed in the airplane The AHRS Maintenance page provides a True Airspeed Corrections selection When selected a correction table is shown over laid on the PFD screen The table allows for up to 8 corrections It is recommended that at least the following 3 airspeeds be used for the corrections correction at the typical cruising speed typical climb airspeed typical approach speed For example with an RV 6 a good approach speed might be 80 mph with flaps at 1 notch Additional corrections can be entered if desired especially if TAS errors are noted that vary significantly with speed Only one correction for a specific airspeed should be made To record a TAS correction 1 Press any button or knob 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required 3 Press SET MENU button 4 Scroll with either knob to AHRS Maintenance 5 Scroll to True Airspeed Corrections 6 Press knob to select 7 Turn knob to open calibration page 8 Select a blank table entry in the correction table using a knob Rev C
83. ht knob to return to the User Waypoints page If you wish to use the new waypoint press D gt The waypoint pg 3 5 Rev C will be added to the DIRECT TO list and be the active destination The active destination is shown with a white D next to it 10 Press EXIT to finish and return to the MAP page Note the magenta line from the airplane symbol to the waypoint and the waypoint data box on the PFD 3 7 2 Plan Mode Flight Plans always require at least 2 waypoints the departure and destination That is why Flight Plans may be entered prior to flight and saved for future use 3 7 2 1 To enter a Flight Plan manually 1 Press NEXT more than once may be required 2 Press PLAN This will take you to the Flight Plan page 3 Press Add Insert Before depends on position of curser within the selected Flight Plan Use the alpha numeric buttons to enter the identifier for the airport or navaid 4 Press the appropriate button to select letter or number for each character in the identifier When pressing the button under a column multiple times the cursor moves to the next letter in that column When pressing the button under a different column the cursor automatically moves to the next space in the identifier field The right knob controls the NEXT function which moves the cursor to the next space in the identifier field needed when identifier Horizon User s Guide has two consecutive letter
84. ight 2001 2009 Grand Rapids Technologies or its subsidiaries All rights reserved Information in the document is subject to change without notice Grand Rapids Technologies reserves the right to change or improve their products and to make changes in the content of this material without obligation to notify any person or organization of such changes or improvements CAUTIONS WARNING Obstacle clearance is not assured in Synthetic Approach Mode WARNING Various functions of this system may be incomplete or untested Please exercise caution when using the EFIS until a software update and a user manual corresponding to the software version are provided CAUTION any display unit is inoperable the display units will not be able to share information The pilot must account for this down graded mode of operation and not expect that data will transfer between displays CAUTION If GPS position data is lost for more than 30 seconds the EFIS Horizon issues a No GPS Position warning and automatically reverts to dead reckoning using the AHRS heading true airspeed last known winds and time This data is used to estimate changes in position which are applied to the last known GPS position to give an approximate navigation solution The accuracy of the dead reckoning function will degrade with time depending on the accuracy of this data and changes in the winds GRT Horizon User s Guide pg iii Rev C CAUTION When the ground track indica
85. int is displayed on the Heading Tape as two inverted triangles Maneuvering the aircraft so that the ground track indicator is aligned with this indicator will result in a ground track directly to the waypoint The Heading Bug is displayed on the Heading Tape as two side by side squares and also in the data box above the left knob SEL HDG It is used to manually control pg 2 4 Rev C the autopilot as visual reminder of desired heading The heading bug is set by turning the left knob on a PFD or MAP page to the desired heading Or to select the current heading press both knobs simultaneously OU OU U OU A Occasionally one or more of the parameters will be off the Heading Tape since the tape display is limited in width to 70 degrees For example if there is a change in course at a waypoint greater than 35 degrees the Bearing to the GPS waypoint triangles or Heading Bug squares or both may off the tape Likewise if there is a strong crosswind the Ground Track triangle and Magnetic Heading triangle may be more than 35 degrees different When any parameter is off the tape display that parameter is display limited When a parameter is display limited the triangles or squares will be outlines or hollow not filled in or solid Display limited parameters do occur but they are an exception rather than the norm The GRT handling of them described below makes their occurrence a trivial matter When a parameter
86. ion Vertical and lateral guidance is provided via the highway in the sky HITS on the primary flight display page and laterally via the course and GPS cross track deviation indicators Lateral guidance is provided for connected autopilots GPS Nav and GPSS Vertical guidance is provided for selected autopilots GPSV WARNING Obstacle clearance is NOT assured in Synthetic Approach Mode 5 3 4 1Benefits Synthetic Approach following benefits provides the Enhanced situational awareness during all landings Especially useful for night landings Emergency means of guidance to the runway for the VFR pilot who inadvertently enters IFR conditions Redundant guidance during an ILS approach The synthetic approach will duplicate the ILS approach alignment but is based on different data GPS and baro alt vs localizer glideslope GRT Horizon User s Guide Emergency backup to ILS receiver Since the synthetic approach follows the same path as the ILS and this path has assurances of obstacle clearance SAP could be used in an emergency when the ILS is unavailable 5 3 4 2 The Synthetic Approach Path Lateral and vertical steering for the synthetic approach is constructed by the GRT Horizon according to the following list in order of priority 1 If an approach has been selected on the GPS the synthetic approach path will match the course into the runway waypoint An approach is a flight pla
87. isplay accurate heading data and to allow accurate wind speed direction calculations The graph will also show the correction stored in the AHRS as a green line The green line will be within the 30 degree range if the magnetometer was mounted in good location and was mounted accurately with respect to the AHRS The status of the magnetometer correction data is indicated by the field next to the Magnetometer Calibration setting on the AHRS Maintenance page if the field has the message Change to open page then valid data is stored within the AHRS Valid data means that the data is present but the accuracy of this data is not assured The accuracy is dependent on how carefully the user performed these steps Calibration is complete 9 3 True Airspeed and Wind Calibration The Horizon accurately calculates indicated airspeed via its measurement of the difference between pitot and static pressures Typical instrument errors are less than 2 mph at 100 mph and diminish to less than 1 mph at 200 mph t is not uncommon for airspeed errors to be observed however as the pressures provided by the aircraft s pitot static system does not always represent the actual static and impact pressures GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 9 5 The GRT Horizon provides a means of correcting the true airspeed that it displays in the PFD data box and which is used in the wind calculation Since the wind calculation is based on t
88. ive will appear as a removable disk Use Windows Explorer to delete any files on the flash drive The flash drive is ready to use Copy the newest HorizonUp dat file to the main directory of the USB flash drive Installation on the EFIS display unit 1 Horizon User s Guide Go to the SET MENU by pressing the button corresponding to this item on the menu This item is one of the last few items on the PFD page Press the NEXT button to see more menu items Use the knobs to move the cursor to Display Unit Maintenance and push a knob to activate that menu Use the knobs to move the cursor to Load EFIS Software and push a knob to select the item Rotate the same knob clockwise to activate the EFIS upgrade page Insert the USB flash drive into the USB connector on the back of the display unit or into the panel mount USB connector if you have one Wait for the EFIS to detect the USB flash drive and download files The EFIS may take up to one minute to detect the USB flash drive The light on the USB flash drive should blink faster when detected and when data When is being copied The light will blink slower when the operation is complete the EFIS has completed copying files from the USB flash drive the display unit will reboot Remove the USB flash drive When the display unit boots up verify that the Power Up page displays the new EFIS software version AHRS Software U
89. izon User s Guide pg 6 5 Rev When flying an approach where localizer data is coupled to the autopilot and the EFIS navigation mode is LOC or ILS meaning that valid localizer data has been provided to the EFIS and the EFIS was coupling the localizer data to the autopilot localizer data could be lost This is indicated by the localizer valid indication provided by the Nav radio If localizer data is lost the EFIS will automatically change the autopilot mode to LOC HDG xxx and will hold the heading at the time the localizer data was lost When valid localizer data returns the EFIS will resume localizer coupling Similarly if glideslope data is lost as indicated by the glideslope valid provided by the Nav receiver the EFIS will hold the vertical speed at the time the glideslope is lost and will resume glideslope coupling when valid glideslope data returns Non Precision Approaches Stepping Down The vertical autopilot modes provide a convenient method to control the altitude on the non precision approach Set the VERT mode to either AUTO or VS Select the desired step down altitude and vertical speed for the descent The autopilot will descend and hold the selected altitude NOTE The VERT ASP airspeed mode is not recommended for approach 6 3 HX WS Differences ILS functions are the same for all GRT Horizon models GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 6 6 Rev Chapter 7 OTHER FEATURES 7 1 Power Up
90. le Warning Obstacles such as towers are displayed on the PFD that are within one minute of flight path based on current flight data speed pg 2 8 Rev C direction within 250 feet of the aircraft s altitude Sections 2 17 through 2 21 describe options that are selected by the buttons under the labels See Section 1 2 To select options within a particular group use the NEXT button It helps to think about what it is you are trying to do then select the group the function may be in Press NEXT for more options 2 17 PFD Lock The locked selection disables the selection of other display screens so that it is impossible to inadvertently select a display page that does not show attitude airspeed altitude and heading information Split screens that include the PFD information may still be selected However as you cycle through the split screens when you reach the full screen PFD you will be unable to display any split screen without unlocking the PFD To select press any button then NEXT more than once may be required until PFD LOCK label appears The button under the label will cycle PFD LOCK off and on 2 18 NAV Mode This setting selects the source of data that is used to provide navigation information to the pilot on the PFD and MAP pages as well as to the autopilot The selections provided will correspond to the configuration of what has been wired to the system such as internal GPS external GP
91. lete the calibration by setting the altimeter test set to each altitude listed on the calibration page 5000 10000 15000 etc and adjusting the corresponding entry until the altimeter reads this altitude The accuracy of the scale factor adjustment can be verified by noting a small altitude error less than 200 feet is observed with a zero correction at 30 000 feet 15 Adjust the 30 000 foot correction until the altimeter reads 30 000 feet 16 Exit the calibration page 17 Calibration is complete If necessary the BIAS adjustment can be made without affecting the other corrections at any time 9 2 Magnetometer Calibration Magnetometer calibration is required to achieve accurate magnetic heading readings This calibration corrects for errors induced by magnetic disturbances local to the sensor such as ferrous metal objects Before performing this procedure the Note The magnetometer must be installed according to the mounting instructions provided with the magnetometer magnetometer location should be validated as follows 9 2 1 Magnetometer Location Validation Select the AHRS Maintenance screen by selecting SET MENU from the button menu and AHRS Maintenance from this menu and locate Magnetic Heading field on this screen Do not use the heading data shown on the heading tape on the PFD is the gyro slaved Rev C heading which responds slowly to magnetic heading changes Observe this reading and verify
92. n that includes guidance to the runway and will include a runway waypoint such as RW25 2 no approach has been selected on the GPS but the last waypoint in the flight plan is an airport the pilot will be prompted to select the runway the runway includes a localizer in the GRT Horizon database then the approach will be constructed to mimic the localizer otherwise it will be constructed to follow the extended runway centerline 3 If no approach has been selected and the last waypoint in the GPS flight plan is not an airport the synthetic approach is not available 5 3 4 3 Transitioning from Enroute to Synthetic Approach If an approach has been selected in the GPS flight plan the transition from enroute to a path that aligns the airplane with the pg 5 6 Rev runway will be inherent the GPS flight plan The synthetic approach will be considered captured causing the synthetic approach HITS to be displayed when the airplane is within 2 5 degrees of the synthetic approach course and within 20 nm of the runway threshold emulating the typical capture of a localizer If no approach has been selected on the GPS flight plan but the last waypoint in the flight plan is an airport and the pilot has selected a runway the GRT Horizon will override the GPS flight plan or HDG selection to turn the airplane onto the extended runway centerline This will typically occur when the airplane is within 2 5 degrees of
93. nformation if available Otherwise the Decision Height setting in the SET MENU is used Localizer Override When the localizer is armed or the Nav Mode is LOC the synthetic approach mode will display the highway in the sky but will not provide steering nor autopilot coupling This is indicated by DISP selection in the SAP softkey Synthetic Approach Path Lateral steering will be constructed according to the following list in order of priority pg 2 11 Rev C 1 If an approach has been selected the GPS the synthetic approach path will match the course into the runway waypoint An approach is a flight plan that includes guidance to the runway and will include a runway waypoint such as RW25 2 If no approach has been selected on the GPS but the last waypoint in the flight plan is an airport the pilot will be prompted to select the runway If the runway includes a localizer in the EFIS database then the approach will be constructed to mimic the localizer otherwise it will constructed to follow the extended runway centerline 3 If no approach has been selected and the last waypoint in the GPS flight plan is not an airport the synthetic approach is not available 2 21 ILS Approach The GRT Horizon provides lateral and vertical guidance on an ILS in scales series of dots at the bottom and side of the display with a marker showing position on the scale or needles similar to a conventional CDI fo
94. ng received from the GPS If GNAV is selected and roll commands are lost GNAV LOST will flash on the screen pg 5 3 Rev 5 3 2 VERTical A P GPSS GPSV Required The Vertical Autopilot VERT A P selection allows the GRT Horizon to send vertical steering commands to the autopilot The autopilot must be capable of using GPSV vertical steering commands such as the TruTrak Digiflight II VSGV or Trio Pro Pilot autopilot There are four available vertical autopilot selections AUTO VS ASPD and VNAV In AUTO VS and ASPD the autopilot will be steered to the altitude bug setting When that altitude is reached the autopilot will be commanded to hold that altitude For convenience setting the altitude bug is incorporated into the VERT A P selections Turning the right knob to set the altitude bug immediately causes the number to be changed by 100 s of feet Waiting 5 seconds allows the number to be changed by 10 s of feet AUTO This mode commands the autopilot to climb or descend at the preset airspeed or the preset vertical speed preset speeds are set in Settings Menu Primary Flight Display To select VERT A P AUTO 1 Press PFD button 2 Press NEXT button more than once may be required 3 Press VERT A P AUTO button 4 Press the right knob to set the altitude bug 5 Press the softkey to select the desired preset speed GRT Horizon User s Guide 6 Press the right knob again to accept and exit
95. ning bolts on the MAP page and WINDS aloft show similar to the wind arrow on PFD When WINDS are selected pressing the Next button allows you to select the altitude winds to be displayed Radar may be selected to LOOP or current The range of radar corresponds to range selected on MAP page to 300 miles AIRMETS are shown on the MAP page as red striations surrounded by a red border Selecting an airport allows viewing of METARS and TAF Weather and Terrain cannot be displayed simultaneously only one or the other 3 12 Traffic Garmin GTX330 or Zaon XRX Required The MAP page is capable of displaying traffic if a Garmin GTX330 Transponder or Zaon XRX Collision Avoidance System is connected to the GRT Horizon Traffic targets are displayed as diamonds with relative altitude climbing descending SEL HDG 000 Traffic Horizon User s Guide 3 13 Auto Tuning Garmin SL30 40 Required The GRT Horizon s auto tune feature allows you to SEND LIST SET COM or SET NAV frequencies quickly and easily To send a frequency list or set a Com or Nav 1 Press any button followed by MAP 2 Press the right knob to SELECT DETAILS 3 Use the right knob to scroll through the nearest airport or navaid 4 Press the knob to select the airport or navaid 5 Use the sofkeys to SEND LIST SET COMM or SET NAV This feature will then program your Com or Nav with the selected frequency in the standby mode
96. north If insufficient data exists for calculation of winds the wind vector arrow and digital data is blanked not displayed Calculated winds are based on GPS ground track and groundspeed and heading and airspeed data provided by the AHRS Accurate winds require accurate magnetic heading and airspeed data Calibration procedures to correct for heading and airspeed errors are provided see Chapter 9 Calibration In addition to wind direction and speed Head Crosswind components be Horizon User s Guide displayed as well SET MENU Primary Flight Display Digital Head Cross Wind Display 2 8 Turn Coordinator The Turn Coordinator is depicted at the top of the pitch ladder and below the heading window as inverted green triangles The GRT Horizon calculates the angle of bank required to make a Standard Rate turn at the current airspeed The Turn Coordinator triangles will spread out or in as the airspeed increases or decreases 2 9 GPS CDI Display The GPS CDI Course Deviation Indicator is located at the bottom center of the screen It displays the direction and magnitude of the GPS cross track error The cross track error is the distance from the aircrafts current position to the line connecting the previous and next waypoint in the GPS flight plan When only one waypoint is active in the flight plan the GRT Horizon like most GPS navigation equipment will use the aircraft s position at the time the way
97. nsiderations in the design of the servos More obvious to the pilot the control laws are based on the extensive experience of the designer Jim Younkin which result in excellent performance in smooth air or turbulence In the same way that we have developed extensive experience in instrumentation TruTrak has extensive experience in autopilots Other autopilots work well with the Horizon also Some may require a GPS coupler which converts the digital data to analog used by the autopilot What will be your policy on revisions to the software and hardware systems Software updates are available via the www grtavionics com website at no cost We do not have a policy for hardware revisions Can non TSO instruments be approved for IFR flight in an experimental aircraft Yes How often does the GRT update the GPS map Our displays are gyro stabilized so our map moves smoothly when you turn no matter how slowly or quickly your GPS updates Our Rev C screens update at high rates so everything appears smooth on our screens no jerks or jumps This makes a significant difference when rolling out to capture a new ground track on the moving maps as you don t have to guess or anticipate what the map will look like at the next 1 second update What provides the land and airspace data database We have our own database derived from US government databases Is the HITS offset on the screen because you are crabbed for win
98. nus for the Engine Monitor Display page The first is the Graphical Engine Display menu It provides settings to customize the bar graphs and dials on the ENG page To access the Engine Monitor settings 1 Press any button 2 Press NEXT More than once may be required 3 Press SET MENU 4 Select Graphical Engine Display with either knob then 5 Press to select The second is the Engine Limits menu This page provides settings for all the parameters to be shown on the ENG page To access the Engine Monitor settings 1 Press any button 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required 3 Press SET MENU 4 Select Engine Limits with either knob then 5 Press to select 4 12 HX WS Differences Engine Monitor functions are the same on all GRT Horizon models pg 4 5 Rev C Chapter 5 A P COUPLING 5 1 Benefits The benefits of driving the autopilot from the EFIS after all the autopilot has its own control panel are 1 The altitude you have selected appears on the PFD screen and you get a bug on the altitude tape to show you where the autopilot is being driven to 2 You can couple the autopilot to any navigation source available to the EFIS GPS VOR ILS Glideslope or heading bug for example 3 The EFIS can perform capture of the LOC ILS or synthetic approach automatically switching the autopilot mode to setting the inbound course capturing glideslope automatically j
99. oggle SHOW from NONE to TERRAIN Note Terrain must be enabled in the Moving Map Set Up page The colors displayed correspond to the location of terrain relative to the aircraft flight path as follows RED terrain is within 500 ft below Terrain Illustration Horizon User s Guide YELLOW terrain is 500 to 1000 ft below GREEN terrain is 1000 to 2000 ft below BLACK terrain is more than 2000 ft below BLUE DOTS terrain is not available or has not been loaded 3 10 Obstacle Warning Obstacles such as towers are displayed on the PFD that are within one minute of flight path based on current flight data speed direction and within 250 feet of the aircraft s altitude 3 41 XM Weather XM Weather Module Required XM Weather is an optional feature of the GRT Horizon When equipped the MAP page will show precipitation lighting meteorological conditions TFRs METARs and AIRMETS according to your subscription GRT Weather module and XM Weather service required p PERS LAS m LAN N JXN 2 gt 4 12 6 9 KLAN KMOP z 2 TES SEL HDG Radar 50 354 c999 minod e z XM Weather IFR Conditions To enable weather display 1 Press any button 2 Press the center button to toggle SHOW from NONE to RADAR pg 3 8 Rev C Another set of buttons will appear LIGHTNING amp WINDS allow selection of this data LTG show as light
100. oint a waypoint is GPS are waypoints a GPS flight plan is a series of waypoints or GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 132 Rev C
101. pear red If Lateral Autopilot Functions are ON Set Menu General Setup Lateral Autopilot Functions The Bearing to Waypoint Ground Track and Magnetic Heading triangles and Heading Bug squares will be either white or magenta Magenta means that indicator IS coupled to the autopilot and white means that indicator is NOT For example when you select LAT A P HDG heading the Heading Bug squares and the Magnetic Heading triangle turn magenta pg 2 5 Rev C the Bearing to Waypoint triangles and Ground Track triangle are white When LAT ENAV is selected and a GPS is selected as the Nav source the Bearing to Waypoint triangles and Ground Track triangle turn magenta and the Heading Bug squares and the Magnetic Heading triangle are white If Lateral Autopilot Functions are OFF no autopilot in use the Magnetic Heading triangle and Heading Bug squares will be white and the Ground Track triangle and Bearing to Waypoint triangles will be magenta 2 7 Wind Speed Direction The wind speed and direction is available in two formats and selected in the Primary Flight Display settings page The vector representation of wind direction the arrow drawn on the screen shows wind direction relative to the aircraft s heading A wind vector pointing directly up indicates a tailwind and a vector pointing to the right indicates the wind is blowing from left to right The numeric display of wind direction is relative to magnetic
102. pgrade 1 pg 7 4 Go to SET MENU by pressing the button corresponding to this item on the menu This item is one of the last few items on the PFD page Press the NEXT button to see more menu items Use the knobs to move the cursor to AHRS Maintenance and push a knob to activate that menu Use the knobs to move the cursor to Load AHRS Software and push a knob to select the item Rotate the same knob clockwise to activate the AHRS upgrade page Insert the USB flash drive into the USB connector on the back of the display unit or into the panel mount USB connector if you have one Wait for the EFIS to detect the USB flash drive and download files The EFIS may take up to one minute to detect the USB flash drive The light on the USB flash drive should blink faster when detected and when data is being copied The light will blink slower when the operation is complete Rev C The progress of the update will be displayed Typically 5 10 minutes will be required to update software Upon completion the display unit may erroneously report the AHRS failed to restart Ignore this message The AHRS should be running with its new software The software version can be verified elsewhere on the AHRS maintenance page 7 4 HX WS Differences Other functions are the same for all GRT Horizon models GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 7 5 Rev Chapter 8 LIMITATIONS 8 1 Attitude Heading Referen
103. point is selected as the previous waypoint position for purposes of calculating cross track error The cross track deviation is represented by the deflection of the bar from the center of the CDI scale A deflection to the left indicates airplane needs to maneuvered to the left to get back on course The center of the CDI includes a triangle that points up or down to indicate TO or FROM GPS waypoint respectively Note FROM indications result reverse sensing for the deviation indicator identical to that of a VOR type CDI indicator This allows normal sensing when tracking outbound from a GPS waypoint pg 2 6 Rev The deviation bar and TO FROM indicator are be displayed whenever a GOTO waypoint is active in the GPS flight plan The scaling of the CDI indicator changes automatically from 5 0 nm full scale when enroute to 1 0 nm full scale in terminal phase within 30 nm of the destination to 0 3 nm during approach phase Approach phase can be detected by the GRT only when Aviation format of GPS data is provided to the GRT 2 10 Angle of Attack not in v32a software Angle of Attack is calculated by the EFIS by combining a variety of sensor data It may be used to drive two different indicators on the PFD screen Angle of attack is not of much value for most phases of flight but is useful for stall warning and to a limited extent as a means of establishing an approach speed that accounts for the
104. pproach a message will be generated confirming the runway selected by the GPS approach was identified For example Synthetic App using 26L at KGRR The selected runway will blink yellow on the MAP page 5 3 4 5 2 Manual Runway Selection If an approach has not been selected on the GPS and the last waypoint in the flight plan is an airport the GRT Horizon will provide a list of the available runways The list shows the runway identifier the length surface hard or soft lighting and crosswind component The crosswind component is shown as X Wind speed L R where the speed is in the units selected on the GRT Horizon and the L R indicates a left or right crosswind such that a left crosswind indicates the wind is blowing from left to right when on the approach The GRT Horizon will list the runways in order of how closely aligned they are with the calculated wind direction Runways that are predicted to have a greater than 10 mph tailwind are shown with a yellow background The desired runway is selected using the left knob pg 5 9 Rev The selected runway will blink yellow on the PFD page CAUTION The pilot must not rely on this data for selection of the appropriate runway Wind speed and direction is usually different on the surface The EFIS HORIZON is making its prediction based on its calculated winds at the time the approach mode is activated The accuracy of the wind calculation is affected by the accura
105. r the pilot is provided via the highway in the sky HITS on the primary flight display page and laterally via the course and GPS cross track deviation indicators Lateral guidance is provided for connected autopilots Vertical guidance is provided for selected autopilots See Section 5 for details of using SAP with a connected Autopilot Synthetic Approach provides the following benefits Enhanced situational awareness during all landings Especially helpful during night landings Emergency means of guidance to the runway for the pilot who inadvertently enters IFR conditions Redundant guidance during ILS approach The synthetic approach will duplicate the ILS approach alignment but is based on different data GPS and baro alt vs localizer and glideslope e Emergency backup to ILS receiver Since the synthetic approach follows the same path as the ILS and this path has assurances of obstacle clearance it could be used in an emergency when the ILS is unavailable Selecting SAP To select Synthetic Approach mode press any button then NEXT more than once may be required until the SAP label appears The button under the label will select between ARM and OFF GRT Horizon User s Guide Status Next Pressing ARM will result in a list of available synthetic approaches at the airport in the flight plan if ALL of the following conditions are met 1 The last waypoint in the flight
106. rizon User s Guide pg 9 6 9 4 Flap Trim Calibration See General Setup Flaps and Trim Calibration This setting assumes electric flap trim servos are installed Follow the on screen instructions 9 5 Fuel Flow Totalizer Calibration The fuel flow totalizer fuel quantity can be set on the EIS engine monitor or the GRT Horizon display unit If the EIS is mounted in the instrument panel it is used to set the fuel quantity whenever fuel is added to the airplane This data will be transmitted to and displayed on all display units to which it is connected If the EIS is not mounted in the instrument panel the fuel quantity can be set on any display unit but only if the fuel quantity in the EIS is reporting zero fuel If the display unit detects a change in the fuel quantity reported by the EIS fuel flow function it will use this data overriding the user selection made on the display unit By setting EIS fuel quantity to zero it assures the EIS reported fuel quantity will not change The fuel flow calibration must be set in the EIS via its FloCal entry See E S manual for more detail 9 6 Multi Display Unit Communication The display units share information using the Inter Display Link This allows user selections that affect the entire system to affect all display units such as the altimeter setting for instance The following items are updated in all display units whenever this data is changed in any display uni
107. rmat when a ILS frequency is tuned on a connected Nav receiver Details of using SAP and autopilot to fly an ILS approach are given in Chapter 6 To turn on needles or scales setting 1 Press any button 2 Press NEXT more than once may be required 3 Press SET MENU 4 Scroll with either knob to Primary Flight Display 5 Press knob to select GRT Horizon User s Guide 6 Scroll to ILS Type 7 Press knob to select and change 8 Press SAVE button 2 22 HX WS Differences Synthetic Vision HX Only Synthetic Vision is a feature of the HX Horizon When selected a 30 mile forward out the window view of the topology around the current aircraft position is presented on the PFD and down view is displayed on MAP pages When Terrain is enabled red 0 500 ft and yellow 500 1000 ft warnings are overlaid on the Synthetic Vision displays Selecting Synthetic Vision HX Only To select Synthetic Vision mode press any button then NEXT more than once may be required until the SV label appears The button under the label will select between ON turns on Synthetic Vision Terrain turns on Terrain Warning See Section 3 7 and OFF turns off Synthetic Vision and Terrain Warning and restores brown and blue background pg 2 12 Rev Mena Status Next WX Horizon presents information similar to HS Horizon but does not display engine information across the bottom of the
108. roach Armed lt Altitude Hold Recommended The synthetic and ILS glideslope will be captured meaning the steering to the autopilot will begin following this guidance when the airplane flies above it and in the case of the ILS the localizer is valid and is less than 2 dots Similarly the synthetic approach will capture the glideslope when the synthetic approach is captured and the airplane flies above the synthetic glideslope If the guidance is armed above the glideslope the glideslope will be immediately captured but autopilot commands may result in aggressive pitch changes to bring the the airplane down onto the glideslope The recommended method to capture the glideslope is to approach this glideslope in altitude hold mode This will result in the smoothest transition onto the glideslope Capture of the glideslope will be allowed no matter what Vert A P mode is selected however It is necessary to set engine power to control airspeed on the approach Capturing the Glideslope Glideslope Capture When the ILS has not been armed the glideslope can be coupled by selecting a vertical autopilot mode of VNAV The EFIS Horizon will wait until the airplane is at or above the glideslope before it captures The vertical autopilot Nav mode displayed in the upper left corner of the PFD will show G S Arm and then G S CAPT A P Coupled Approaches Momentary Loss of Localizer or Glideslope GRT Hor
109. s GRT Horizon User s Guide 6 1 1 LOC GS ARM Features When the LOC is armed e The Nav mode will initially be unchanged When LOC ILS LOC REV is armed a LOC ARMED ILS ARMED or LOC REV ARMED message will appear just above the Nav mode indicator It will be in a yellow box just like the A P HDG box e The localizer course is automatically set if possible and a message that must be acknowledged is provided OR the pilot is reminded to set the inbound course Note Disconnect of the ILS autopilot mode will occur and an ILS Disconnect message will be generated that must be acknowledged if any of the following occur 1 The pilot changes the navigation radio frequency to a VOR frequency 2 Failure of the Nav radio 3 The pilot changed the EFIS navigation mode 4 The pilot changed the EFIS autopilot mode 5 Other unexpected radio operation When the LOC is captured e The Lat A P mode will change to ENAV if it isn t already e The EFIS Nav Mode selection will change to ENAV or NAV1 or NAV2 depending on which Nav radio is providing an ILS Tuned indication If both radios are indicating ILS tuned then NAV1 will be used pg 6 1 Rev C ARM label changes to on the softkeys The Nav mode displayed will be LOC ILS or LOC REV ARM and ILS coupling is turned to OFF automatically At power up of the display unit on the ground e When the Missed button is pressed
110. s the same as in GRR The left knob controls the CLEAR CLR function which removes the letter or number entered and backspaces to the previous space in the identifier field As you enter letters or numbers the GRT Horizon can provide lists of identifiers that contain the letters and numbers entered so far This can be helpful if you are not sure of the identifier The left knob also controls the EXIT function which returns to the Plan page without saving the entered PLAN waypoint When selecting an airport or navaid the GRT Horizon will automatically ask for the ICAO prefix identifier K for North America for the airport if it is required If one has been entered but is not required the GRT Horizon will suggest removing only the prefix identifier A right knob selection REM K will show Similarly if the prefix identifier K has been left off the GRT Horizon will suggest adding it A right knob selection ADD K will show To add or remove the prefix identifier Scroll to ADD K or REM K to add or remove K for the identifier 5 Continue using Add or Insert Before to insert all the waypoints Note that you can delete waypoints using Del WP over the left knob you may insert another waypoint by pressing the Insert Before button or create a user defined waypoint using User WP over the left knob see paragraph 3 7 1 5 above for instructions on creating waypoints using Lat Long or Range Bearing pg 3 6 Rev 6 Select
111. space grade design at kit plane affordable prices What are the limitations of the AHRS When flying close to the magnetic north or south poles the AHRS must revert to using GPS track data instead of magnetic heading data This reduces the integrity of the AHRS calculation of attitude and the effectiveness of its GPS AHRS cross check The GRT will alert the pilot to this degraded mode of operation Obviously this is unlikely to affect most users In theory it is possible for the AHRS to be affected by vibration especially if resonances flexibility exist in the mounting of the GRT to the airplane A simple flight test is performed to check for this possibility We have not seen this problem occur in our testing but in theory it is possible The maximum angular rates are 200 degrees second roll pitch and yaw simultaneously GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 11 3 What backup instruments are recommended for a single GRT Horizon installation For VFR flight the addition of airspeed is suggested For IFR flight the Horizon ADAHRS replaces the function of the traditional six pack but does not replace the redundancy therefore at least two other attitude sources are recommended These can include a turn coordinator and autopilot As well as an airspeed indicator and altimeter as a minimum but the pilot should consider their flying skills when configuring their cockpit For dual electrical bus installations the
112. split screen of any 2 the use of 2 display units provide twice as much viewable data while at the same time adding redundancy This also allows for a simple means to expand your system to meet future avionics needs The functions of our GRT are extensive including major functions such as integrated navigation attitude displays on the wide format primary flight display graphical engine monitoring moving map and also including interfaces to the autopilot localizer and glideslope inputs with planned growth for weather and traffic Clearly the functionality and size is far beyond that provided by other units The difference in GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 11 2 architecture that is the ability to use multiple display units independently vastly distinguishes us from single screen systems Those familiar with commercial jets may notice a similarity between the architecture and functionality our equipment and that of commercial jets This is no accident as the chief engineer s background included 10 years experience in the aerospace industry This first level is where the functionality that results in efficient and safe automation of the cockpit is built in The Second Level These differences are more subtle They include such things as wide temperature range operation direct sunlight readability and hardware designed specifically for aircraft use The design of this hardware is based on the design principles dev
113. t Altimeter Setting Rev C Heading Selection Selected Altitude All autopilot modes and selections including ARMing of approaches Navigation Mode Synthetic Approach On Off Fuel Flow Totalizer Alarm Acknowledgements The Inter Display Link menu allows you to select what data is shared between units Since the number of serial and analog ports on each DU is limited some data may need to be shared However from a redundancy point of view the minimum amount of data should be shared so if a DU fails the other DU will still be able to display flight critical data The Inter Display Link Set Up is in Settings Menu General Setup See the Horizon Set Up Manual for more details CAUTION If any display unit in the chain is inoperable the display units will not be able to share information The pilot must account for this down graded mode of operation as necessary and expect data will not transfer between displays 9 7 Angle of Attack Calibration not implemented in v32a software Calibration The EFIS requires user calibration account for the AOA at which stall occurs for the particular wing This is accomplished by adjusting the AOA Pitch Offset setting This setting is adjusted so that the EFIS stall warning occurs at the desired AOA threshold Making the Adjustment GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 9 7 Select Settings Menu and PFD Setup Select EFIS Angle of Attack to ENABLED Next locate th
114. t like a water level slip indicator 2 12 User Selectable Data Boxes There are 2 Data Boxes at the bottom of the display Each has four fields Each field may be either data or a label The choices GRT Horizon User s Guide are extensive ranging from GPS waypoints to engine parameters Detailed instructions are contained in the GRT Horizon SetUp Guide SET MENU Primary Flight Display Data Boxes 2 13 Fixed Data Boxes There are 5 data boxes that display ground speed or true airspeed in the upper left corner Lateral Autopilot mode to top right of airspeed tape heading selection in the lower left corner autopilot altitude selection or present altitude bug and Vertical Autopilot mode in the upper right corner and the baroset in the lower right corner 2 14 Trim Flap G Meter Indicators Aileron and pitch trim and flap position indicators automatically display on the PFD page in the lower left side The data comes from Analog Inputs and are calibrated in the Settings Menu The G Meter will display in the same area t can be selected to be always On On when a limit is exceeded or Off Detailed instructions are in the GRT Horizon SetUp Guide 2 15 Clock If selected in the General Setup menu a digital clock is displayed in the top right portion of the PFD screen The clock setting is maintained in memory that requires a continuous source of 12 volts clock may show either Zulu or user selected time 2 16 Obstac
115. these require EIS Fuel Flow option To the left of the left bar graph is displayed Fuel Pressure user choice of Carb temp pg 4 1 Rev TAS MPG KPL in both deg C and deg F 4 2 Fuel Totalizer The EIS Fuel Flow option includes an accurate Fuel Totalizer Since fuel flow is accurately measured it is easy to calculate how much fuel has been consumed The pilot must update the totalizer so that the amount of fuel on board at the start of the flight is accurately known To access the Total Fuel function 1 Press the left knob The Fuel label will show the following OK Preset number Preset number ADJ The OK option will not make any changes Use this if you did not add fuel The top number is an adjustable fuel total If you add fuel curser to ADJ and adjust to the amount of fuel on board When changed and accepted this new number will be kept in memory until it is changed by the user The next number down is a user preset fuel total in the Graphical Engine Display set menu If you preset this number to be the full fuel capacity of the aircraft and you fill your tanks the fuel on board will be this amount Adjust the curser to this and press the button to accept If the EIS is mounted in the instrument panel fuel on board may be entered into the EIS This allows the Fuel Totalizer function GRT Horizon User s Guide of the EIS to be operational as well as that of the EFIS 4
116. tical Speed Indicator Heading Indicator User Definable Fields E P NA E Heading Select Display Flight Track Marker Baroset Select Display GPS CDI Display Wind Indicator Ground Track and Waypoint Bearing Indicators Flight Path Marker e Artificial Runways e Angle of Attack not in v32a software Horizon User s Guide pg 1 4 Rev C 009 olo 02 001 Weather optional GRT Weather 001 6 required Traffic optional GX330 transponder or Zaon Portable Collision Avoidance System required 6 N 5 e Wind Direction and speed um Autopilot settings 2b Terrain Clearance F e Altitude Intercept Arc 50R 835259 The Map group also contains the following 325 94 2112 subgroups e Flight Planning Checklist Slew oso 080 ae 38 0 e Log Book Pages within the MAP group are selectable by using the button labeled Pressing Tm the button cycles the Arc 360 North up F Psi Flow and HSI pages 99 5 49 Carb Endur 54 F 1075 12 C Range OAT LR Fuel Fuel Total 2 FS bis A 7 5 JESUS GPS1 GPS2 ALT Nin PFD Engine 1 4 Moving Map Group ees option reg o Horizon moving MAP group consists of four pages North up Arc 360 and HIS Displayed are Navaids Airports Airspace Heading or Track GPS waypoint route data GRT Horizon User s Guide pg 1 5 Rev C
117. tiens 5 11 5 5 HXW S DIFFERENCES ERO eet e erdt easet sese Re 5 11 CHAPTER 6 FLYING THE ILS ReAU M TRSAMMAU UN RANMAR MAS 6 1 0 1 1 L OC GS ARM FEATURES 5 Fer AER nn AREE ERI AIRE Gul IR ARR E RE RR 6 1 07 2 GPSV ARM FUNGTION 8 a FEE RI Re TREE 6 2 6 2 IES EXAMBUESS roe da eheu E t 6 2 Vectors to LocaliZor SE UA Lech inmane LIE nA E Ei E 6 2 GPS Enroute To EOCAlIZGF m iei e i Salada lf gees bia TUE aes 6 2 VOR Enroute to Localizer Two Nav 6 3 VOR Enroute to Localizer One Nav 6 3 Back Course with LOC REV 2 2 22000000000002 00 0000 6 3 Precision Approaches Glideslope Coupling to Autopilot sse 6 4 ILS AIM Gd E 6 4 Non Precision Approaches Stepping 2 9 6 6 0 3 HXT7WS DIFFERENCES Ie HEEL edet eu eee E 6 6 CHAPTER 7 OTHER FEATURES E 7 1 TA POWER UP uu soe o eei ce e ee ode este dae eed ede aged eo ee dace
118. tion G s sensed by the AHRS Pitch Limit Indicator pg 2 7 Rev When enabled the PFD settings page the pitch limit indicator appears on the PFD screen when the angle of attack is less than 8 degrees from stall and goes away when the angle of attack more than 9 degrees from stall The indicator moves downward toward the nose or bars pitch indicator as the angle of attack increases Stall will occur approximately when this indicator is on the nose or bar pitch indicator This indicator will be limited to 30 degrees pitch to prevent chasing a pitch limit that could temporarily be at a very high pitch angle due to high airplane speed The pitch limit indicator was originally created to give pilots a maximum pitch angle reference when performing a windshear escape maneuver While this may be of little use for the typical experimental aircraft pilot it could be useful for assisting with terrain avoidance in a low airspeed situation In that case the pilot can use the pitch limit indicator as an approximate reference of a pitch angle that will result in stall WARNING The use of this indication is purely at the judgment of the pilot The accuracy of this information is affected by EFIS sensor errors and the accuracy of the calibration procedure The EFIS calculation of angle of attach and the pitch limit indicator should not be used as the only stall warning instrument 2 11 Slip Indicator The slip indicator works jus
119. tor is hollow indicating it is display limited the ground track indicated is necessarily inaccurate This means the aircraft s track over the ground is not as indicated and the pilot should be aware of this inaccuracy with regard to obstacle and terrain clearance CAUTION Dual Nav radios tuned to Localizer frequencies with autopilot function ARM engaged will result in the EFIS Horizon selecting either NAV radio to fly the Localizer WARRANTY Satisfaction Guarantee If for any reason you are unhappy with your GRT product you may return it for a full refund anytime during the first 60 days you own it Limited Warranty All GRT products include a 2 year warranty starting on the day the instrument is put into service or 3 years after purchase whichever comes first against manufacturer defect GRT Horizon User s Guide pg iv Rev C RECORD REVISIONS Rev Date SW Rev Change s A 12 20 06 Extensive B 5 1 07 2b Extensive C Feb 2009 32a Extensive LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Page Rev Page Rev Page Rev Page Rev Page Rev Page Rev Page Rev Page TENE C Wier Q C sss C 1 1 C 1 2 1 5 1 4 1 5 C 1 6 C 1 7 1 8 C 2 1 C 2 2 C 2 3 C 2 4 2 5 2 6 C 12 7 2 8 C 2 9 C 2 10 12 11 2 12
120. ust as is done with commercial airplanes 4 Heading select is provided and also includes a bug The autopilot only provides track select When the controller says turn to heading 270 he expects you to go to that heading not the ground track of 270 5 More modes are provided such as climb descend to an altitude at a selected airspeed very nice as the airplane cannot hold a constant climb rate up to higher altitudes but climbing at particular airspeed is generally what is desired or climb descent at a selected vertical speed as well as automatic leveling off at the selected altitude 6 The autopilot can be coupled laterally and vertically to the synthetic approach GRT Horizon User s Guide 5 2 GPS Nav GPS Steering There are two methods to provide steering information to an autopilot GPS Nav and GPS Steering GPSS GPS Nav is the simplest and most common method this scheme the autopilot is provided GPS waypoints usually sequence of waypoints which make up a Flight Plan The autopilot flies the airplane from one waypoint to the next GPS Nav does not anticipate a course change Thus when one leg is finished the autopilot has to intercept the next leg after over flying the waypoint GPS Nav provides only lateral autopilot guidance no vertical guidance If the aircraft has a two axis autopilot with only a GPS Nav interface all vertical autopilot commands climb descend altitude hold
121. utton more than once may be required 3 Press VERT VNAV button 5 3 3 ARM When the EFIS Horizon is armed the last waypoint in the flight plan is an airport and an ILS or Localizer frequency is tuned the EFIS Horizon will attempt to automatically set the EHSI course and perform the coupling called capture NOTE The ARM selection is not available unless an ILS or Localizer frequency is tuned If the EFIS Horizon detects an ILS frequency has been tuned but is unable to determine the inbound course a caution message Set Inbound Course will be displayed on the HSI page If the GPS flight plan or synthetic approach indicates the runway being used and the database has the ILS frequency for this runway ARM wil available but attempting to ARM will generate the message TUNE LOC to XXX X If the Nav mode is GPS at the time an ILS frequency is tuned a second course pointer is displayed in white on the EHSI allowing the localizer course to be pre set The GPS course pointer is being driven by GPS flight plan data GRT Horizon User s Guide The ARM GPSV function will follow the ARINC data when available Upon capture the EFIS will use ENAV mode to follow the lateral and vertical deviations When the VNAV mode is cancelled or MISSED is selelcted the EFIS will return to the LAT A P mode selected after capture The EFIS will preset the LAT A P return mode to GNAV if available The return mode is indicat
122. view setting 1 Press the left knob the range box will highlight in yellow and show the current range selection 2 Tum the knob to the desired viewing range 3 Press knob to set 3 6 Altitude Intercept Arc When an altitude bug has been set see Chapter 2 4 a green Altitude Intercept Arc will appear on MAP pages The Arc shows the location on the MAP that the aircraft will be when the Bug Altitude is crossed based on the current airspeed course and rate of descent or rate of climb Horizon User s Guide 3 7 Navigation Flight Plan The GRT Horizon allows for quick and easy selection of a waypoint for DIRECT TO navigation or a series of waypoints for FLIGHT PLAN navigation The use of the navigation features provides 1 Graphical representation MAP page magenta for the segment you are currently on white for segments planned 2 Display of waypoint in use and associated data such as range bearing ETA etc in data boxes of PFD 3 Output of steering information to autopilot Flight Plans or Direct To waypoints may be entered into the Horizon as described in the following paragraphs Both Flight Plans and Direct To waypoints require GPS data GPS data is provided either by the optional internal GRT GPS or by an external GPS including most panel mount GPS and many hand held GPS If an external GPS is connected and the Horizon is configured for External Flight Plan Source Set Up Menu General
123. x patterns such as holding patterns and DME arcs with stunning precision Two axis autopilots that feature GPSS also may accept vertical autopilot steering referred to as GPSV The Horizon provides GPSS GPSV data to an autopilot when equipped with the optional ARINC 429 module If GPSS mode is being used the autopilot must be in GPSS mode In the case of the Digiflight VSGV lateral GPSS vertical steering GPSV modes are selected individually Autopilots that do not include GPSS typically include GPS Nav interface which allows them to follow the GPS flight plan see above In GPS Nav mode the GRT Horizon provides only lateral autopilot commands In GPSS mode the GRT Horizon provides lateral and vertical autopilot commands to GRT Horizon User s Guide the autopilot The GRT Horizon will provide these commands even if the autopilot itself does not support these modes 5 3 Autopilot Modes The GRT Horizon has four autopilot modes LATeral A P VERTical ARM SAP Synthetic Approach 5 3 1 LATeral The Lateral Autopilot LAT A P selection allows the GRT Horizon to send lateral steering commands to the autopilot The commands may be HDG ENAV or GNAV HDG couples the heading bug to the autopilot The autopilot will steer the heading displayed by the bug on the heading tape ENAV uses input from the Nav source selected on the PFD page NAV MODE softkey to generate steering
124. zon Knobs The two knobs have two motions rotary and push These provide particular functions on different pages The knobs may also be called rotary encoders The rotary knobs may also perform a variety of secondary functions that are available by first pushing the knob to display a menu of the available functions The available functions will be listed above the knob Twisting the knob allows you to select from the menu of functions and pressing the knob will activate that function If no selection is made from the menu within 4 seconds SET MENU Primary Flight Display Menu Time Out the menu is removed and the knob returns to its primary function When the rotary knob is altering any setting the label of the item being altered is enlarged and a flashing yellow box wvill appear around the item s label being altered GRT Horizon User s Guide For display screens that use the left rotary knob for heading selection pressing both left amp right knobs simultaneously will set the heading selection to the current heading GPS1 GPS2 ALT Screen Brightness To adjust the screen brightness Press the left knob select DIM Turn the knob to adjust GPS1 GPS2 ALT pg 12 Rev Autopilot SoftKeys Shortcut Pressing the either rotary knob when no SoftKey labels are displayed on the PFD page will bring up the SoftKeys used to control the autopilot mode related functions LAT A P VERT A P ARM

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