Quick User`s Guide
Contents
1. The frame of Image 8 will appear Integrity Tests J x Members Definition amp Supports Definition M Check for Zero Values tT Check for Members Lenath Limits T Check for Matrix Integrity Structure Fast Check IT Check for Matrix Integrity Structure Extended Check JV Show Messages X Cancel Help Image 8 Integrity Tests dialog box 89 On the dialog box check all options and press OK 90 The should not be any errors If there is one then follow again all steps in STEP 5 WORK FLOW USER ACTIONS 34 Structural Analysis 91 If nothing went wrong in the Topology Tests then you can proceed to the Space Frame structural analysis Select the ANALYSIS gt STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS command After a few seconds a dialog frame will appear like the one in Image 9 KSTEEL Static Analysis Disk for Temporary Files gt Accidental eccentricity eg 0 05 jo Restrict rotational dof of pinned elements Continue in case of unstable structure mee Image 9 Analisys dialog box 92 Make sure that the Analysis drive disk is the same with the one you have installed your program and the value of lt Accidental eccentricity gt is zero Press OK Analysis Report 93 When the structural analysis has been completed the analysis report will appear on the screen It should look like the one in Image 10 35 Results Test L c DATAF ANALYSIS DATAF ANALYSIS D2. The structure we are about to define is a simple space frame that could represent a shed Geometry The structure comprises of two parallel frames that are connected with secondary beams Each frame comprises of two columns of height 4 m and a pair of leaning beams with an 18 43 degrees angle from the horizontal axis 16 The frames are connected by parallel secondary beams that as it is conceded take part in the structural analysis To avoid any unwanted relevant distortions a pair of bracings has been placed in each leaning plane comprising of members which it is conceded for that they take only tension Those members will be hollow beam of rectangular section and be connected to the main beams through brace struts The parallel secondary beams system comprises the main mechanism of load transfer from the cover of steel leaves of trapeze section with expectation in the load of future insulation of wind pressure and sub pressure by snow and moving loads temporary load as is provided by Eurocode 3 for frames with an angle less than 20 degrees The form of the structure can be seen in the series of successive drawings and images Image 1 Three dimensional model of the structure after its definition Image 2 View of the first frame 17 E x Image 3 Ground Plan These images have been
3. full detailed and properly updated according to the calculation results Apparently this is not easy to describe all STEEL features and capabilities in a few pages quick start guide For this reason this guide is divided into 2 short parts Part 1 that describes the installation procedure plus the main menu structure and Part 2 that describes an example step by step This example gives a good idea about the philosophy of the program and shows the user that learning all the options and capabilities is just a matter of getting familiar with the package 1 Installation Launching 1 1 Installing STEEL 1 Insert the CD in your computer CD ROM drive e g D E or if you received your software via Internet run the installation application you downloaded 2 When the Setup window appears choose the language for the installation and click OK 3 When the Welcome page appears as shown below click Next Setup Steel Welcome to the Steel Setup Wizard This will install Steel 2006 on your computer It is recommended that you close all other applications before continuing Click Next to continue or Cancel to exit Setup www 4m vk gr 4 Follow the on screen instructions until the installation is completed 5 After installation the program is located within the programs list 1 2 Program Structure STEEL comprises of the following parts Members Foundation Truss Nodes Frame Nodes Drawing MEMBERS It
4. STEEL is based on the object oriented data processing technology The formation of the simulation to be analyzed the graphic display of the mathematical model is reduced to the insertion of the elements and calculation of their properties STEEL elements are the nodes and members Depending on the element type the program forms the properties directory The node object for example is the meeting point of the center axes of the members so the properties directory that is formed for every such element includes geometric features e g coordinates in the global coordinate system load values that are implemented in the node coordinates On the contrary the member object represents an entity with physical essence e g a steel beam of a defined length and as it is obvious in the properties directory physical features e g steel quality weight etc are included The object oriented term is referred to the complete independence of each element and the possibility for the user to alter one of its attributes without the modification of the attributes of the neighboring elements or the whole model Thanks to this technology apart from the easy elements input of elements and modification of their attributes it is possible to copy cut and paste those attributes at any time Another important convenience is the possibility to undo an action or even a whole series of actions that have preceded As is the case of most progra
5. created with the program VK STEEL through the command Export To gt Image combined with the RENDER command Design Codes The regulations that have been followed are For loads Eurocode 1 Aseismic NEAK For the members Eurocode 3 When it comes to other assumptions from the aseismic code the followig assumptions have been taken 1 2 5 6 The structure is in Athens The Importance of the building is 22 The soil is class B The building although a frame will be designed in elastic area section class 3 with earthquake behavior factor q 1 5 The foundation coefficient is 8 1 0 7 3 0 According to the assumptions above the components of the earthquake coefficient in the YX plane are Rd T g x x Rd T g 0 31 while the activity of the vertical component of the earthquake is considered negligible Loads For the load of the structure the following assumptions have been made e DEAD Dead load strains the secondary beams as distributed load The main beams are being strained due to dead load only on the secondary beams base points 18 WIND amp SUB PRESSURE The wind s load for the needs of the example has been reduced to only one direction with angle a O In other words the vector of the resultant of the load that corresponds to wind pressure has the direction of the positive Y axis Based on this assumption the value and direction of the distributed load has been calculated on the columns and sec
6. is the basic part of the program In the working environment of MEMBERS you can describe your structure and calculate it You can also check the members adequacy The MEMBERS application is autonomous which means that the presence of another program or another part of VK STEEL is not required If no other parts of VK STEEL are installed then structure analysis is confined up to the members check In other words it is not possible to check the nodes whether it is a truss or a frame structure or to produce drawings FOUNDATION The FOUNDATION sub program takes over the check and design of the column base as well as the foundation members The structure foundation may be done either in individual bases or in a system of footings and connenecting beams Although it is an independent program it is part of MEMBERS TRUSS NODES The Truss Nodes sub program takes over the check and design of truss structures nodes It also provides the possibility to produce drawings of the structure model To be able to check and design the nodes the truss must be previously described in MEMBERS To confirm that the Truss Nodes program has been installed you have to look for the Connection Design Truss command in the ANALYSIS menu of the program If the command is absent or disabled then the Truss Nodes program is not installed properly FRAME NODES The Frame Nodes takes over the check and design of frame structure nodes It incorporates the possibility to prod
7. on the values fields type the following SN 1 0 7 0 1 0 and EN 1 0 7 0 5 0 Press the Add button and then press Close 49 At the Members Properties toolbar make the following changes a Select the IPE220 Fe360 section from the lt Project Library gt list Select the lt Fixed Fixed gt option from the lt Constrains gt list Type lt 0 gt at the EULER field Select lt beam gt in the lt Memmbers Groups gt list USER ACTIONS 50 The beams do not bear any other load apart from the secondary beams reaction so we will not define any 27 load during their defining Select EDIT gt WIZARD so that the members New Element dialog box Uncheck the lt Wind Y gt check box a LC to the Pick button Select node 2 the upper node of the left column b RC anywhere in the drawing window Select the SHOW DIALOG command c In the lt End Node gt fields type 1 0 4 0 6 0 d LC on lt Number of multiple members to insert gt In the field bellow type 3 51 Press the Add button and then press Close The program has created a beam and divided it to three equal parts 52 Select EDIT gt WIZARD so that the New Element dialog box appears a Click on the Pick button Select the nodes indexed 7 and 4 b At the lt Number of multiple members to insert gt field type lt 3 gt PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTIONS 53 Press the Add button and then press C
8. structure As it was pointed in Step 2 it is essential that you have done some preliminary calculations so that you avoid multiple tests for the selection of the appropriate sections for the structure in question and its load conditions For this example we have selected a IPB200 section for the column which is more suitable for combined strain in axial load and biaxial pressure while for the beams are mainly pressed elements main and secondary we have chosen IPE80 IPE180 and IPE220 sections Finally for the roof braces that act only in tension we have chosen square hollow sections PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTIONS Steel Quality Parameters 24 Chose with LC the Material Properties tab At this point Check the program allows the modification of the steel quality parameters 25 Without making any changes move on to the Connections parameters 22 Connections Parameter Check Defining the Foundation Parameters PROGRAM FLOW 26 27 28 29 30 31 Select with LC the CONNECTIONS tab At this point the program allows the modification of the welds and or bols that will be later used during nodes design Without making any changes move on to the Foundation parameters Select with LC the Foundation PARAMETERS tab At this point the program allows access to the foundation parameters which are organized in sub groups Select from this list the lt SOIL gt sub group With two successive LC in every field you can m
9. 40 Select the IPB200 Fe360 section from the lt Project Library gt list 41 Select the lt Fixed Fixed gt option from the lt Constrains gt list 42 Type lt 90 gt at the EULER field 43 Select lt column gt in the lt Memmers Groups gt list USER ACTIONS 44 LC on the iki icon The Elements Loads dialog box PROGRAM FLOW appears a LC the lt Wind Y gt option b Select the lt Local Z gt axis as load axis c Set the lt Q gt value to lt 1 5 gt d Press Update and close the dialog box by pressing OK 45 RC anywhere in the project window On the pop up menu select WIZARD You can select the same command from the Edit menu The New Member dialog box will appear 26 PROGRAM FLOW Defining Beams PROGRAM FLOW 46 In the lt Start Node gt dialog box fill in the bottom node of the column co ordinates as follows 1 0 1 0 and 1 0 In the lt End Node gt dialog box fill in the top node of the column co ordinates as follows 1 0 1 0 and 5 0 Press the Add button and then press Close USER ACTIONS 47 Click on the icon again The Elements Loads dialog box appears again Before you do anything else uncheck the lt Wind Y gt check box a b LC the lt Wind Y gt option Select the lt Local Z gt axis Set the lt Q gt value to lt 1 0 gt Press Update and close the dialog box by pressing OK 48 Select the EDIT gt WIZARD command Like in the previous column
10. ATAF ANALYSIS Image 10 The Result Test Screen 36 STEP 7 MEMBERS CHECK After the structural analysis the relevant node displacements and therefore the member deformations have been calculated In other words we have found all stress magnitude everywhere where the program will run the checks During the checks procedure the procedure the program factorises the stress values and according to their position e g beams columns etc will run all Eurocode 3 required efficiency tests In case of failure the check stops and the relevant failure message will appear in a dialogue frame citing the member and failure type For this example we will change a part of a beam so that it fails Follow the procedure WORK FLOW Section change for a beam 94 for this example only 95 96 97 Members Check 98 USER ACTIONS Select the command EDIT gt SELECT MEMBER SELECT beam 3 In the Geometry tab of the Section Properties frame from the Section Type list select lt IPE80 Fe360 gt and click on the field right bellow The section of the beam 3 has changed from lt IPE Fe360 gt to lt IPE80 Fe360 gt Repeat the procedure we have described in STEP 6 Select the command ANALYSIS gt MEMBERS CHECK The dialogue frame in Image 11 will appear 37 Members Design Ej z Check selected members Image 11 The Members Design Dialog box 99 Make the following selections a
11. Library which will enable you to create the Project Library in other words a list of the sections that will be used in your project 17 Activate if it is not already active the check box next to lt Fe360 gt and make sure that all other steel qualities are not checked All sections you will select from now on will be of Fe360 steel quality 21 18 Select with LC on the left side of the dialog box the IPB sections The table in the middle will show the list of all available IPB sections along with their properties 19 With LC select the IPB200 section to select it 20 Without moving your cursor away from the selected row with RC pop up the menu with the commands to insert the selected sections to the Project Library 21 With LC select the Insert Selected Sections command The IPB 200 section has been added to Project Library USER ACTIONS 22 Repeat process 18 23 for the following sections e IPE 80 e IPE 180 e IPE 220 e KT 40x40x2 6 Square Hollow Section 23 The Project Library creating process has been completed Notice that the arrow next to all section types that have been selected has turned to black Make sure that lt Set as Default gt down on the left is not checked and proceed to PROGRM FLOW the next task in the PROJECT PARAMETERS dialog box which is the steel quality parameters check NOTICE It is understandable that the selection of the Sections is dictated by the nature and function of the
12. On the Designation unity select lt Frames gt and lt Non Sway gt b On the Display Messages unity select lt Show messages on design excess gt and lt New failure log File gt c Make sure the lt Check all members gt check box is checked 100 Press CONTINUE 101 After a while the program will stop and the message of image 12 will appear 38 Stop on design excess Overcome all remaining warning stops for this member Overcome this warning stop for all remaining members C Overcome all warning stops for all remaining members Pick an appropriate section from Project Library Pick an appropriate section from Main Library 1 Member 3 at position 19 20 measured from start for LC 2 1 35 LCi 1 50 LC4 0 90 LC6 Compression Stress due to axial biaxial bending exceeds limit gt 8 22 2 2323 598 gt 2179 091 0 90 LC11 vf gt Image 12 The Stop in Excess window 102 The message says which member fails where it failed the load combination during which the message appeared and the reason 103 Press CONTINUE 104 This time the message of Image 13 will appear Notice that while we are still on the same member the failure is due to another reason 105 This time select lt Overcome all warning stops for all remaining members gt 106 Press CONTINUE again The program should not stop until the end 39 Stop on design excess 7 a C Continue Overcome a
13. R ACTIONS Code Parameters defining 9 Select the command Parameters gt Material Library The PROJECT PARAMETERS dialog box will appear which includes all the essential code parameters which are organized in successive tabs 10 Pop up if it is not already visible the CODES tab with LC on its title 11 On the lists Design Codes and Aseismic Code select lt Eurocode EC3 gt and lt NEAK gt 12 Select the lt Equivalent Static Analysis Eq 3 7 gt for the lateral seismic forces distribution 13 On lt LC Factor Live gt type 0 30 14 On lt Termal Loading Value gt set to zero 0 15 Make sure that the check box lt Set as Default gt is not checked On the right side of the tab make the following changes a Choose lt Zone II gt for seismic risk zone b Choose lt S2 gt for category of importance c Choose lt B gt for soil class d Without clicking any of the Influence Factor of Foundation options type lt 1 5 gt for the lt q gt factor value e Type lt 0 15 gt in the lt Tx gt and lt Ty gt fields 20 f Type lt 0 15 gt and lt 0 6 gt in the lt T1 gt and lt T2 gt fields respectively g Type lt 1 5 gt and lt 2 5 gt in the lt Bd 0 gt and lt Bd T1 gt fields respectively h Type lt 0 375 gt in the lt Bdmin gt field i Type lt 3 gt in the lt Damp Ratio gt field j When you are finished with all necessary changes the lt Code gt tab should look similar to th
14. STEEL Quick Start Guide 1 Installation Launching 2 Example Preface This Quick Start Guide provides a fast and friendly introduction on STEEL main features and functionalities All the features and functions of the program are presented and explained in detail within the complete User s Guide along with informative examples STEEL is an advanced workstation for the designer of Steel Construction offering a complete and reliable solution in the Analysis and Design of Steel Structures of any type shape and size The program integrates a user friendly CAD Interface along with a reliable calculation environment based on the existing regulations and standards The basic core of STEEL consists of four synergistically cooperating among each other components the Space Frame Analysis amp Member Design component the Connections one for Simple Connections Truss Connections Moment Connections Frame Connections the Drawing of Frame amp Connections module and the Dynamic Spectrum Analysis component In addition STEEL is empowered by four sophisticated Add Ons which provide the program with an unrivaled advantage a PreSTEEL a smart wizard for the quick insertion of the model based on existing templates of common and typical cases b SteelCONNECT the tool permitting the design of any type of frame connections c STEEL Section Editor enabling the creation of any kind of section and d SteelPLOT for high quality final drawings
15. ake the necessary changes Make those changes a On lt Moduls of Subgrade Reaction Ks gt type 40000 b On lt Young Moduls of Soil gt type 11000 USER ACTIONS Select from the list the lt MODELING gt sub group and make the following changes a On lt Column Perticipation Percentage gt type 20 b On lt Perticipation Percentage in Tie Beam gt type 60 c On lt Footing type gt type 0 Having completed the defining of the essential parameters and after you have made sure that lt Set as Default gt is not checked press OK Your program will save your selections at the parameters file of this project 23 STEP 4 DEFINING THE LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS On the forth step you will fill in the load combinations table that will be used for the classification of the stress values during the members efficiency test Additionally you will separate the given load into member load and nodal load Follow the procedure PROGRAM FLOW Safety factors selection and 32 Load Combination defining 33 34 35 PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTIONS Select with LC the PARAMETERS gt LOAD COMBINATIONS command The Load Combinations table will open On this table the columns represent the Load Cases while the rows represent the load combinations Each load combination to be valid should include at least one load case A load case takes part in a load combination if the table cell where the combination with
16. aphic Display Window The model is displayed here and it is processed with the use of the graphic processing tools Ei QAAR JOOxrm KABE Momor Swen Ju mern rom Message Slide According to the object choice information is provided e g about the nod or the member their number and their coordinates Status Bar Useful information about current program functions is provided Window operation keys They are the typical WINDOWS keys for maximizing minimizing and exiting the basic window and the current project window Horizontal and vertical sliding bars Changing their position also moves the model through the graphic display window Properties Frame In this frame you can search and modify the properties of the members you have chosen The fields of the frame is automatically updated if the member choice has changed 10 2 Example The main goal of the example that follows is the quick familiarization of the user with the working environment of the VK STEEL program For this reason emphasis has been given to the structure definition procedure model design while to avoid an information overload the validation of the elements calculations is not extensively commented In the example what is explained are the procedure of the design of a simple frame structure its calculation the members efficiency check according to the requirements of Eurocode 3 as well as the check and design of on of its n
17. consecutive LC on the following nodes 2 11 5 14 6 15 7 16 Because the secondary braces in the middle bear a load that is greater than the ones in the sides we will correct the loads Select the command EDIT gt SELECT MEMBERS While keeping the Ctrl key pressed select members 18 19 20 USER ACTIONS LC on MEMBERS LOADS on the SECTION PROPERTIES frame on the right On the field lt Load Cases gt select lt Dead gt Type 0 5 kN m in the lt Q gt field Select lt Wind Y gt and type 1 2 kN m Select lt Snow 1 gt and type 0 1 kN m Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT MEMBERS At the Members Properties toolbar type lt 18 43 gt at the EULER field LC the icon to see the ELEMENTS LOADS dialog frame again Uncheck all checked loads Press Update and OK 30 PROGRAM FLOW Secondary Beams Load Correction PROGRAM FLOW 73 Select again the ak icon Make consecutive LC on the following nodes 8 17 9 18 74 We will define the members loads with the change method a Select the command EDIT gt SELECT MEMBERS and select members 21 22 b Inthe frame SECTION PROPERTIES make the Members Loads tab visible USER ACTIONS c Select lt Dead gt and type 0 5 kN m at lt Q gt on the lt Global Z gt Axis d Select lt Wind Y gt and type 0 9 Kn m at lt Q gt on the lt Local Z gt axis e Select lt Snow 2 gt and type 0 120 for lt Q gt on the lt Global Z g
18. e one illustrated in the following figure NOTE Defining Rd T Bd T Rd T g X X and Rd T g Y Y is done automatically so it is not necessary to type anything on those fields Project Parameters Design Codes Section Library Material Properties Connections Foundation Parameters Design Codes Eurocode EC3 gt Equivalent Static Analysis Eq 3 7 NEAK or 3 15 EAK C Equivalent Static Analysis Eq 3 6 NEAK or 3 14 EAK Responce Spectrum Method Gr Code C Cyprus Code LC Factor Live 0 30 Thermal Loading Value Celcius fo I Set As Default Aseismic Code NEAK Cyprus Code 7 Zone 0 16 cl ol cm Cw moe Importance Fator cst s2 C53 Csa o 100 Soit eo OF wo r 1 00 Seismic Behavior Factor q Cc C Frames Brac Type Y a150 Diagonal Bracings Bracings Type K C 1a1b1c C 2a2bse 1 00 my p p Spectr 11 12015 Joso Paved BaBa Batyo xx pau Bdmin Rd t g Y Y 0 314 rat Dump Ratio X Cancel Help Image 4 The Design Codes tab after defining the parameters PROGRAM FLOW Sections Selection Project Library Creation USER ACTI ONS 16 The next step is to select the sections that will be used for the structure members you are about to define With LC select the Section Lirary tab The tables that comprise your tab provide you with access to the General Sections
19. edure is mentioned which is needed in the project Details on the rest of the parameter can be found in paragraph MATERIAL LIBRARY of chapter THE PARAMETERS MENU An other fruitful way to look for more details is through the electronic online help system that accompanies the program For the same subject the materials and their parameters look for details following the next procedures Start up the program Press the F1 key or execute the command Help gt Index in other words select the Index command which you will find in the Help menu The electronic help window of VK STEEL will appear At the left side of the window you can see the tabs Contents and Search At the center the larger window features the texts of each subject as well as the Hyperlinks between the pages 1 FIRST WAY Select with left click the Contents tab The list with the contents of help will appear in hierarchical order a Select with left click the subject THE PARAMETERS MENU 12 b On the page at the central window left lick on the hyperlink Material Library In the same way you can read all the units that comprise the Material Library subject by choosing the relevant hyperlink which is part of the help system 2 SECOND WAY Select the Search tab The word phrase search engine will appear a At the field Type in the keyword to find type the word Materials b Select with left click the List Topics button All the page ti
20. es the entire structure LC again All structure members have been selected Select EDIT gt COPY Select EDIT gt PASTE In the appearing dialog box type lt 3 gt to the lt dx gt field The Program has copied the first frame with the loads on a distance of 3 m and created the second with its members parallel to the members of the first ones Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT MEMBERS to get off the Select Members environment LC on the J icon LC anywhere near the top node of the structure the beams meeting point Release the button and drag slowly the cursor to the right and bottom Stop when you feel think that the viewpoint is satisfactory USER ACTI ONS 29 Define Secondary Beams 65 66 Member Load Correction 67 68 69 PROGRAM FLOW 70 Define the rest of the 71 secondary beams 72 At the Members Properties Toolbar make the following changes a Select the IPE 180 Fe360 section from the lt Project Library gt list b Select the lt Fixed Fixed gt option from the lt Constrains gt list c Type lt 18 43 gt at the EULER field d Select lt secondary beams gt in the lt Members Groups gt list e Loads LC on the icon lt Dead gt lt Global Z gt with lt Q gt 0 250 kN m lt Wind Y gt lt Local Z gt with lt Q gt 0 70 kN m Check the lt Snow 1 gt lt Global Z gt with lt Q gt 0 05 kN m Uncheck all other options LC on the ak icon Make
21. folder in the folder steel which is etc 13 FIRST UNIT STEP 1 CREATION OF THE PROJECT FOLDER Working with VK STEEL starts with the creation of a new project and the appropriate adjustment of the program environment In the first step you will start up the program and create a New Project Every new project creates a directory in C vk windows steel meletes as well as a first series of essential files The place where the program looks for the saved projects is determined and therefore you should not change it until you have fully completed your work If you move for any reason the project folder to another part of the disk this project will not be available anymore on the PROJECT dialog frame e Follow the procedure Flow User Actions Program Start Up Start the STEEL 2001 application doing one of the following 1 Select the WinSTEEL command from the typical Windows START gt PROGRAMS gt WinSTEEL menu 2 LDC the icon that you will find on Windows desktop If this icon does not exist read the notice bellow about the ways to make an Z on the Windows desktop New Project B 3 Select the command FILE gt NEW or LC the The dialog frame NEW PROJECT will appear 4 With LC select the Steel tab and make sure that there is no other project with the same number you are about to use 5 Select again the New tab and LC the Project icon Press OK 6 On the Steel New Project dialog frame
22. hoice access to the most useful commands is provided through accordingly formed pop up menus Dialog Box Functional The program carries many different dialog boxes different to each other according to the functions they are destined for It is one of the most essential tools of the interactive communication between user and program Properties Frame Informational Functional On the one hand they feature all the properties of the object that has been chosen and on the other hand they provide the user with the possibility to modify them Message Slide Informational It features some of the useful information on the object that has been chosen Pop up menu Informational It is the same as all other menus only in this case it is called by right clicking on the project window It includes shortcuts and their content It is formed according to the object choice Table 2 Table entities and their interpretation WORK ENVIRONMENT PRESENTATION Title Bar It includes the program logo as well as information on the number of the current project Toolbars They may be floating or permanently placed along the sides of the main window They include all shortcuts buttons of the program commands Menu Bar All program commands are grouped I one of the menus that comprise the menu bar Gilde Reemeters vew Eat anis Window Heb Coeek se HX XBaQag Type 0 Sir Feed Fons Gr
23. ipt has been reduced In terms of the frames the nodes that connect beams to columns are considered fixed BEAMS The beams have been considered as fixed in terms of their connections to the columns as well as each other SECONDARY BEAMS The secondary beams have been considered as pinned in both sides ROOF BRACES We have already talked about the crosswise pairs of roof braces We should say here that they will be defined with a buckling length that is twice the actual one to make sure that the relevant check will succeed In practice the pair of roof braces is set up ready on the frame and consists of four members which are connected in their meeting point with a brace strut In the program we will define those members from the node of one frame to the one on the diametrical opposite of the other frame in other words we will define two members of each pair with length twice the actual one 19 STEP 3 DEFINING THE PROJ ECT PARAMETERS On the 3 step of the project you will select the aseismic code the members check code and define all their relevant parameters You will also create the Project Library having made the appropriate choices from the General Section Library that accompanies the VK STEEL program The Project Library sections will be used later during members insertion STEP 5 The whole parameters defining procedure will take place through the PROJECT PARAMETERS dialog box e Follow the procedure PROGRAM FLOW USE
24. l analysis and members check 40 Warning Messages 1 329 g lt 100 gt DESIGN FAILURES LOGFILE 1 Member 3 at position 19 420 measured from start for LC 2 1 35 LC1 1 50 LC4 0 90 LC6 0 90 LC11 Compression Stress due to axial biaxial bending exceeds limit gt 8 2323 598 gt 2179 091 2 Member 3 at position 19 20 measured from start for LC 2 1 35 LC1 1 50 LC4 0 90 LC6 0 90 LC11 Buckling load exceeds limit 1 NEERA s 1 xi Image 14 The Error Messages file excess messages on display window You can print the file by selecting the PRINT button 41
25. ll remaining warming stops for this member C Overcome this warning stop for all remaining members Pick an appropriate section from Project Library Pick an appropriate section from Main Library 2 Member 3 at position 19 20 measured from start for LC 2 2 35 L3C2 1 50 LC4 0 90 LCE O 90 LCi1 Buckling load exceeds limit 1 06654 gt 1 fi gt Correction Image 13 The Stop In Excess window frame This time the excess is due to member buckling on the Z axis because of Load Combination 2 107 108 109 After having selected the CONTINUE button the program will keep on checking all members Because you have selected lt No more interruptions from all diagnosis in all members gt the Members Check will not stop even if it meets some excess This of course does not mean that the checks do not take place All excess messages are collected and written in a printable format file the appearance of which notifies for the check procedure end The excess message file will look like the one in Image 14 Press CONTINUE A new window will appear the section modification results window The window displays the contents of the automatic section change file it should be blank for you since you did not use that method Press CONTINUE again to complete the procedure To restore the beam you have to reset the original beam as we have previously described and to proceed again to structura
26. load case in question meet has a value that is not zero Those values that correspond to the Safety Factors are defined each time by the user depending on the project s special requirements Generally they are given by the codes USER ACTIONS We should point here that the factors values are chosen for this project only and are not typical Type the values of the safety factors as seen on Table 2 bellow NOTE We should point that we fill in the load safety factor according to the regulations only in the first three and eleventh columns In all other cases the title e g Wind X is just indicative and you could use the column for live loads 24 pead Seismic Seismic Wind Wind X Wind Y Wind xX HRE con Secale 1 1 35 1 50 2 1 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 3 1 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 4 1 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 5 1 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 6 1 35 1 50 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 7 1 35 0 90 1 50 0 90 0 90 0 90 8 1 00 1 00 0 30 0 30 9 1 00 0 30 1 00 0 30 10 1 00 1 00 0 30 1 00 1 00 1 00 11 1 00 0 30 1 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 Image 5 Load combinations form and the values of the safety factors for the example project PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTIONS 36 At this point you should check the loads in relation to the load combinations you have just defined We recommend you to compare the table above to all we have mentioned about load assumptions at STEP 2 and at the Loads u
27. lose NOTICE If you cannot see the numbering of members or nodes select the command Parameters gt Options gt Visible The dialog box Visible Items will appear Check the options Member Names Node Names If the nodes themselves are not visible then you can check the Nodes option Defining the support 54 You will now set the start nodes of both columns to property of the bottom support joints Select the command EDIT gt SELECT column nodes NODES 55 Press the Ctrl key and keep it pressed Select with LC the nodes 1 and 3 the bottom nodes of the columns The selected nodes will change their color 56 Having selected the two nodes RC and select the SUPPORT command The two bottom nodes of the columns will be turned into support nodes 28 Define the second frame 58 57 59 PROGRAM FLOW 60 61 62 63 Change The Structure View Point 64 PROGRAM FLOW Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT NODES to get off the Select Nodes environment You have just completed the definition of the first frame The second frame will be defined by creating a copy of the first in a distance in the x x direction The copy apart from the members and their geometry will also have all information relevant to the loads USER ACTIONS Select the EDIT gt SELECT MEMBERS WINDOW command LC somewhere on the left of above the structure Release the button and move the cursor to the right and bottom so that the window includ
28. members that have been defined as secondary beams PROGRAM FLOW 82 On the Members Loads tab select lt Live gt and type 1 0 kN m at lt Q gt 83 Change this value for the secondary beams to 0 5 kN m in the way that was described in steps 69 70 Define Roof Braces 84 At the Members Properties toolbar make the following changes a Select the lt KT 40x40x2 6 Fe360 gt section from the lt Project Library gt list b Select the lt Pinned Pinned gt option from the lt Constrains gt list c Type lt 18 43 gt at the EULER field d Select lt bracing gt in the lt Members Groups gt list 32 85 Followin the procedure at 52 define the members between the nodes 5 15 and 6 14 86 At the Members Properties toolbar type lt 18 43 gt at the EULER field and repeat the procedure in step 52 for nodes 8 18 and 9 17 87 You have just completed the model definition process Select FILE gt SAVE to save your work 33 STEP 6 DIAGNOSTIC CHECKS STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Having completed the structure definition you should check its integrity and move on to the Space Frame structural analysis The VK STEEL program provides a set of diagnostic checks to warn you about mistakes with a relevant message On STEP 6 we will describe those two actions Diagnostic checks and Space Frame structural analysis Follow the procedure WORK FLOW USER ACTIONS Topology Check 88 Select the command ANALYSIS gt TOPOLOGY CHECK
29. ms created for windows the directory of the actions to be undone is refreshed when the file is saved In other words when the Save command has been chosen the possibility to undo previous actions is no longer available All work on STEEL is based on user program interaction The program depending on the work stage prepares the appropriate choices frame in which the user should work by choosing the commands and defining the values of the parameters Those choices commit the program in its turn to accordingly prepare for the next stage Information exchange between the user and the program is structured in various entities so that the procedure is simplified and the efficiency improvement The entities that are used in STEEL are NAME Nature Usefulness Title Bar Informational The name of the program and information on the project are included Menu Bar Functional It includes all the commands of the program organized in menus Tool Bar Functional It includes almost all the commands of the program organized in shortcuts buttons Status Bar Informational functional Useful messages about the work stage in the Project Window appear there It also features some commands Project Window or Graphic Display Informational Functional It features the Window model in every work stage as it is formed and saved much information relating to the changes that are being done in it while according to the c
30. ng a VK STEEL project The compression of the project is a simple procedure as well although it requires the existence of a relevant application Many programs or compression algorithms allow the compression of files but not of directories A VK STEEL project though does not comprise of only one file but of a group of files This means that for the right compression you have to create first the compressed file e g if you use the ZIP algorithm through an application such as WinZip the 100 zip file and you have to include all the files that are included in the 100 folder of the VK STEEL project This can be achieved with the help of the command Add to archive of the compression program 15 STEP 2 PRELI MINARY WORK REQUIRED TASKS BEFORE THE DESCRIPTION Before we move on to the structure definition in the program we have to mention some comments about the tasks that are required to be done first INTRODUCTION The VK STEEL program is designed in such way that it allows any corrections that you may need to do during the model definition phase However the best way to start your work is if you have from the start a concise view of your data and you project s requirements e More specifically you should 1 Have a clear view of the geometry of the structure and also of the section categories that will be used In other words you should bear in mind any architectural or other constraints and have checked the extent in which the struct
31. nit 37 The loads values that will be defined as distributed along the member have resulted from the calculation of the weight surface in each member according to its position and angle e g Outside Inside members with an angle of the axes of the local coordinates system turned towards the load implementation level 38 LC on OK to close the window 25 STEP 5 STRUCTURE DEFINING MODIFICATIONS AND CORRECTIONS On the fifth step you will define the elements that comprise the structure and you will modify their properties The data insertion process is the most time consuming stage of your work For this reason the program has many alternative ways for the most necessary parts of your work so that the formation of the structure can be simplified In our case we have tried to describe the most possible ways The more you use the program the more you will see that depending on the individual requirements of each structure some of the alternative ways for the same work simplify the process more than others In other words it is not necessary to repeat to the last word this procedure in your next project e Follow the procedure PROGRAM FLOW USER ACTIONS Columns Insertion 39 If you do not see the MEMBERS PROPERTIES toolbar make it visible The toolbar should look like the on in Image 6 Member Properties x Type 0 zT Fixed Fixed 0 00 Member Steel bd ik Imaae 6 MEMBERS PROPERTIES toolbar
32. odes After the completion of this example you will have e A quick familiarization with the most important commands and functions of this program e A concise view of the work flow in the program e A project example that you can use in the future as reference Read the next paragraphs of this introduction Their aim is to inform you on the project you intend to create as well as the ways to look for help about operating matters that are being covered in another part of tho user manual or the on line help system Specifically e The next paragraph STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMPLE presents graphically the main steps that will be explained in the next chapters e The LOOKING FOR HELP paragraph guides you so that you can take advantage as much as possible of the help system as you are working on the example e The ABBREVIATION paragraph includes a table with the printing conventions of this example This table is an essential reference help for the understanding of the abbreviated words that are used for the sentences NOTE Within the INTRODUCTION Chapter of the complete user manual you will find among others a short presentation of the working environment and the features of the program STRUCTURE OF THE EXAMPLE The procedure is structured in ten steps organized in two units The first unit steps 1 7 include the actions you can do with the main part of the VK STEEL program MEMBERS This unit corresponds to the largest part of yo
33. ondary beams for the case of positive pressure LC 4 Wind Y and sub pressure LC 6 Wind Y Because the frame does not have any draperies or other surfaces on a level that is vertical to the X X axis the load of the wind in this direction has not been taken into account while to avoid any complexity the relevant Eurocode 1 prevision has been ignored SNOW For snow load the simplest case of different load has been taken on the left and right leaning surfaces of the frame Like in the case of wind the load strains the secondary beams as a uniformly distributed along them Snow load is being developed in two Load Cases LC 8 Snow 1 and LC 9 Snow 2 LIVE According to Eurocode 1 even in cases of non passable roofs such as the case in this example the live load for the case of repair should be taken into account This load that will also be known as is taken based on the weight of the workers that will make the maintenance work The resulting load due to frame imperfections has been ignored as negligible Connections COLUMNS The columns are considered to be fixed on flexible footing of cube shape connected with inflexible beams The support node is considered to be fixed and the assumption that there is a suitable mechanism that transfers the torsional moment to the foundation system To make more strict the overturning check of the footing the participation percentage of the beams their inflexibility of torsional moment rece
34. t axis 75 Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT MEMBERS 76 Select the ax icon again Make consecutive LC on the following nodes 4 13 77 We will define the members loads with the change method a Select the command EDIT gt SELECT MEMBERS and select members 23 b In the frame SECTION PROPERTIES make the Members Loads tab visible c Select lt Dead gt and type 0 25 kN m at lt Q gt on the lt Global Z gt Axis d Select lt Wind Y gt and type 0 45 kN m at lt Q gt on the lt Local Z gt axis e Select lt Snow 2 gt and type 0 06 for lt Q gt on the lt Global Z gt axis USER ACTIONS 78 Select the command EDIT gt UNSELECT MEMBERS 31 Define loads through filters 79 While the structure definition has been almost completed we have not defined any live loads on the secondary beams We will define them with the Member Selection through filters method 80 Select the command EDIT gt SELECT USING FILTERS The dialog box of Image 7 will appear Select Members x According to section type T ype 0 According Fixed Fixed ka constrain settings According to Load type All Load Cases in According to group name Member Steel zi X Cancel Help Image 7 SELECT USING FILTERS dialog box USER ACTI ONS 81 In the field lt According to the Group gt select lt Secondary Beam Steel gt and press OK The program will automatically select all the
35. tles that include the word Materials will appear c To end up in the same page as in the first way select the title Materials and press the button Display Topics Experiment with the other titles ABBREVIATIONS Conventions What it is for Comments explanations 1 File gt New Program It means that you must execute the New command command which you will find under the File menu of VK STEEL 2 This Project has not Message Usually the execution of a command is followed been saved Are you Content by the appearance of a message sure Text you should type 3 CLOSE Sign ona Other examples OK CANCEL button 4 lt DIN gt Sign on a list Select one of the contents of a list after you or a field have opened it by clicking on the word with the left button of the mouse 5 LC Left Click Abbreviation of the phrase Click with the left button of the mouse 6 RC Right Click Abbreviation of the phrase Click with the right button of the mouse 7 LDC Left Double Abbreviation of the phrase Click twice with the Click left button of the mouse 8 C vk windows steel Place of the It means The steel folder is in the windows file steel folder which is in the VK file of hard drive c 9 C vk windows steel Win Place of the It means The Winsteel exe file is in the etc steel exe Winsteel exe file 10 C vk windows steel Contents of It means All the files and all the folders that are the steel
36. type the number 100 on the field Project and the text Simple frame structure on the Information field 7 Press OK The program has created a directoy named 100 where all files of the 100 project will be stored It has also formed appropriately the project window and displays the toolbars and the program menu bar 8 RC on any icon The TOOL BARS command will appear Make sure that all check boxes will be checked If any of them is not checked then LC on the check box to select it SHORTCUT CREATION on the Windows desktop If a program icon has not been automatically created you can very easily create it by following the procedure bellow 14 4 5 RC anywhere on the desktop as long as there is no other shortcut at this place On the pop up menu that will appear select the New command and LC on the command Shortcut The CREATE SHORTCUT dialog frame will appear Press the button BROWSE The familiar dialog frame for files browsing will appear Look for the file Winsteel exe in the program folder If during set up you didn t change the default place of the STEEL folder then you can look for the file at c vk windows steel WinSTEEL exe Press the NEXT button Press the FINISH button MOVE COPY COMPRESS A VK STEEL PROJ ECT To move a project of the program from the directory they were saved all you have to do is move the folder with the name of the project The same applies for copyi
37. uce its own technical report without reference to the one produced by MEMBERS and connections detail drawings To confirm that the Frame Nodes program has been installed you have to look for the Connection Design Frame command in the ANALYSIS menu of the program If the command is absent or disabled then the Frame Nodes program is not installed properly DRAWING STEEL can produce and export most of the drawings that are required for the completion and validation of a project The following table features the sorts of technical drawings that are available depending on the program s composition DRAWING SORT VK STEEL PART MEMBERS NODE DRAWIMG FRAME NODE STRUCTURE Y Y DRAWING TRUSS NODE Y Y CONNECTION DRAWING FOUNDATION Y DRAWING COLUMN hay Y DRAWING FRAME NODE Y CONNECTION DRAWING Table 1 Drawing creation availability depending on the composition of VK STEEL e g to produce the Frame Node Connection you should have MEMBERS and FRAME NODES the other parts of the program are not essential All drawings processing and printing is done in an autonomous drawing program which is installed in a separate sub folder in the basic STEEL program folder To confirm that the DRAWING part is properly installed look for the ICAD directory in STEEL This drawing platform is based in 4M s IntelliCAD and has similar functions with AutoCAD 1 3 Basics of the Working Environment
38. ur work in the program since after the completion of step 7 you will have solved the structure and have secured the efficiency of its members according always to the requirements of the selected regulation in our example we have selected as Members Regulation Eurocode 3 and as Aseismic Code NEAK 11 The second unit steps 8 10 is mainly about nodes design foundation check and use of the program s results Printings and Drawings The program structure is the following FIRST UNIT 1 Step 1 Introduction Creating the project folder 2 Step 2 Preliminary work Actions that are required before the description 3 Step 3 Defining the project parameters 4 Step 4 Defining the loads and the load combinations 5 Step 5 Structure description Modifications and corrections 6 Step 6 Diagnostic checks and calculation 7 Step 7 Members check 8 SECOND UNIT 9 Step 8 Foundation Design 10 Step 9 Connection Design 11 Step 10 Results LOOKING FOR HELP This example has been designed in such way that it guides the beginner user quickly and in a concise way in the completion of a project For that end the references to alternative ways to the same function or more detailed explanations have been omitted However if you need any clarification you will need to read the printed user manual where the relevant subject is explained in more detail For example in STEP 3 Defining the project parameters only the parameters determination proc
39. ure you are about to define meets them or not In regard to the sections the correct choice of category will save much of your precious time 2 Have done some kind of preliminary work in regards to the load In VK STEEL you can input two sorts of load a distributed along the member and b concentrated forced on the nodes Both the distributed and concentrated on the members and nodes respectively will have to be given in units that are according to the regulation that will be used for the design of the members If for example Eurocode 3 EC 3 is being used then the distributed load should be given in kN m and the concentrated in kN For the time being the program is not able to process the loads and therefore the modification of the load from kN m as they emerge from the regulations to kN m as they have to be input distributed on the members will have to be done by the user In this unit we will give a description of the problem that we are about to describe and solve Some details will be given about the project data and some drawings and images in which you will be able to get as reference any time you have a query during the definition of the structure NOTE The regulations that will be used for the structural analysis and design of he structure are NEAK and Eurocode therefore to define the loads the relevant provisions of Eurocode 1 have been taken into account PRELIMINARY MODEL DEFINITION DATA OF THE EXAMPLE Introduction
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