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1. usss 128 Figure 3 38 the Measurement Calculation Tool Math Date usessss 129 Figure 3 39 the Measurement Calculation Tool WG 4 Misc eeeeeeesssss 129 Figure 3 40 the Measurement Calculation Tool PCM Doppler 130 Figure 3 41 the Measurement Converter Tool sees 130 Figure 3 42 the Quick Change Frequency Tool cccceecsssseeeeececeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeaeeesseeeees 131 Fiere 2 45 Example ENOT LoS Display iioi Pailbr PEE etur Hone miei otus 132 Figure 3 44 Operation Tab Appearance While in Factory Mode R2D3 Variant 133 Figure 3 45 Display Widget Examples sss 134 Figure 3 46 Spectrum Display Frequency Marker Delta Mode 135 Figure 3 47 Spectrum Display Amplitude Marker Delta Mode 136 Figure 3 48 Constellation Display Widget Examples ccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeseeseseeeeees 1577 Figure 3 49 Status Display Widget Examples FM amp SO seeeeeesesssssss 138 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 1x April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Figure 3 50 System Level Setup Window esee eene 139 Figure 3 51 OScope Display Voltage Cursor Mode cccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeesseeeeeees 141 Figure 3 52 OScope Display Time Cursor Mode
2. 13 PG3 Spare mo urr 14 Ground 3 doe o 15 PG3 Spar ie me 16 Ground ee 1 The DIFF label indicates a differential signal interface Signals are configured in one of two electrical standard standards RS422 or LVDS optional at the LS3x main board Figure 1 22 LS 35 Rear Connector I O U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 34 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 2 4 LS 34 PCI Single Channel Multi Mode Digital Demodulator The LS 34 Single Channel Multi Mode Digital Demodulator Combiner CCA is shown in Figure 1 23 below All of the individual faceplate I O signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 21 on page33 The rear I O connector signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 22 on page 34 This card is currently used only in the LS 28 R2D3 variant e TE LT TELLELLELEEEEEEEEEEEETELLTLLITT ot 5 TNO UENO 1 E et Bie i Z x 2L TIT mite Tu 3 n ET O HETTTTTRITTIEIT 1 1 aT i i T L Tog E LU RDUM e mmm t s Bh qd ee ie hp oe mH I ers 5 tek on in oe Zp HUE P NIU M J TRE A i F igure 1 23 LS 34 Single Channel Multi Mode Demodulator CCA 1 2 2 2 5 LS 37 P95 Two Channel Telemetry Recorder Up amp Downconverter The LS 37 P95 Two Channel Telemetry Recorder Up amp Downconverter CCA is shown in Figure 1 23 above All of the individual faceplate I O si
3. cccceecesesseennneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 72 Ligure 3 5 LRRS CCP Page Primary Parameters 25 5 ordine a 73 Figure 3 6 LRRS CCP Page Secondary Parameters seen 75 Figure 3 7 CCP Page Dual Channel LS 28 DRS with Spectrum Display Selected TI Figure 3 8 CCP Page Dual Channel LS 28 DRS with Constellation Display Selected 79 Figure 3 9 CCP Page for the Dual Channel LS 28 DRS with OScope Display Selected 80 Figure 3 10 CCP Page Channel Status Display independent mode 83 Figure 3 11 CCP Page Channel Status Display combined FM mode 84 Figure 3 12 CCP Page RF amp AGC Status Display sss 85 Figure 3 13 Large Status Display Examples 5 b e en ER RERO E B RE 86 Figure 3 14 System Options Control Window Directory Tab eeueeuuuss 88 Figure 3 15 System Options Control Window Operations Tab 89 Figure 3 16 System Options Control Window Utility Tab 92 Figure 3 17 LRRS Color Controls WindoW iesicowina nk ui 92 Figure 3 18 System Options Control Window Unique Tab eeeeessuuss 93 Figure 3 19 System Options Control Window Flt Record Setup 95 Figure 3 20 Hardware Configuration Control WindOW cssssssssesssesssssseessesseeeeeens 96 Figure 3 21 the Mission Project Edi
4. 3 2 1 4 2 1 Video Output Controls The Video Output controls consist of the NTSC De emphasis Filter check box and the Video Output Lvl Adj slider control The de emphasis filter 1s designed to decrease within a band of frequencies the magnitude of some usually higher frequencies with respect to the magnitude of other usually lower frequencies in order to improve the overall signal to noise ratio The Video Output Level Adjustment slider allows the user to change or vary the voltage level of the video output signal of each channel of the demodulator Moving the slider control fully to the right produces a maximum voltage of 2 Vpp terminated in 50 Ohms Depending on the Operational Mode the Outputs tab may have one or two sub tabs In Combined mode there is only one tab CH2 The channel 2 tab is identical to the channel 1 tab with the exception of an additional control in the upper right corner of the window When any quadrature modulation schemes are selected SOQPSK etc the Video Output U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 107 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Selection control allow the user to select what video signals are present on the two video output ports on the LRRS Video 1 and Video 2 Three possible configurations are available and are summarized in the table below CHI I FIR CH2I FIR CHI I FIR CH2 Q FIR CH2IFIR CH2 Q FIR 3 2 1 4 2 2 Stream Routing The Routing section of the Output
5. Time Constant The combiner in the LS 35 dynamically phase and amplitude adjusts each channel based upon the S N ratio of the respective channel The adjusted channels are then added together in quadrature to from the combined output This process is dynamic and the computation rate is controllable by the user via the Time Constant command After invoking the command the U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 62 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual user 1s prompted to enter the time constant value in seconds The default minimum value for this parameter is 0 001 seconds This corresponds to a processing rate of 1000 calculation adjustments per second The maximum value for the time constant parameter is 1 second Signal Bandwidth Ratio Constant As described earlier the LRRS software automation sets the bandwidth of the associated bandpass filtering networks automatically based upon parameters such as data rate modulation type code format etc The Signal Bandwidth Ratio Constant is part of this calculation with the default value being set to 1 25 Advanced users may opt to set this constant to some other value When this constant is changed the signal bandwidth value displayed will automatically update to a new value Center Frequency Ch1 amp Ch2 The Center Freq Chl amp Ch2 commands allow the user to change the default 70 MHz frequency value for the incoming carrier signal For example one might do this to compens
6. Lumistar LS 28 Family of Telemetry Range Receivers LS 28 DRS LS 28 QRS amp LS 28 R2D3 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Lumistar Inc 5870 El Camino Real Carlsbad CA 92008 760 431 2181 www lumi star com This document is the intellectual property of Lumistar Inc The document contains proprietary and confidential information Reproduction disclosure or distribution of this document is prohibited without the explicit written consent of Lumistar Inc This document is provided as is with no warranties of any kind Lumistar Inc disclaims and excludes all other warranties and product liability expressed or implied including but not limited to any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use liability for negligence in manufacture or shipment of product liability for injury to persons or property or for any incidental consequential punitive or exemplary damages In no event will Lumistar Inc be liable for any lost revenue or profits or other indirect incidental and consequential damages even if Lumistar Inc has been advised of such possibilities as a result of this document or the usage of items described within The entire liability of Lumistar Inc shall be limited to the amount paid for this document and its contents RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions set forth in subparagraph c 1 11 of the rights i
7. ccccccccecccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseseees 142 Figure 3 53 Example of OScope Display Persistence cccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 143 Froure 4 1 D 5 25 Test Bauipment Seu oai ivan Dirt R bebes cee eee 149 Figure 4 2 Test Modulator Tab Loopback Mode Checkbox 150 Figure4 3 Test Tab BER Sub t D uiii tetro tni e donee e tod to ae 150 Figure 4 4 LS 28 Rear Panel Assembly close up cccccesecccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeseeeeeseeeees 151 Figure 4 5 Global LS 37 Connection Interfaces LS 28 R2D3 Chassis 154 Figure 4 6 Three Channel Down Conversion Configuration Jumper Cable Connections P 155 Figure 4 7 Two Channel Up Conversion Configuration Jumper Cable Connections 155 Figure 4 8 Possible LS 37 P95 Setup Configurations ccccccccccccccceeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeees 156 Figure 4 9 Possible LS 37 P50 Setup Configurations cccccccccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 157 Figure 4 10 the LRRS Application and its subdirectory tree structure 165 Figure 4 11 the LS 35 Firmware Files amp Their Location see 166 Figure 4 12 the LS 27 DSP Firmware Re flashing Program eeeeeeessss 167 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page x April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 Introduction 1 1 General Information As a guide this man
8. for each channel of the card group Below the bar graph for each channel are displayed the following parameters Tuner frequency MHz Modulation format Data Rate MBPS PCM Input Code and E No At the top of the Status window there are indicators for Carrier Lock and Bit Sync Lock for each channel in the group Green indicates a lock state Yellow indicates an unlocked state The Operations tab shown above right displays a summary of the primary operational parameters for each card group and provides the operator the ability to change any of these parameters as needed The parameters displayed include Combiner Mode State Tuner Frequency MHz Modulation Format Data Rate MBPS and Data Code To change any of these parameters the user simply places the mouse cursor over the parameter and right clicks to invoke an input dialog box U9280103 Page 139 April 3 2013 Lumistar Inc LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 4 The OSCOPE Widget LRRS supports a multi channel Oscilloscope functionality that enables the user to monitor several important internal signals associated with the operation of the system These signals include Baseband AM AGC and a GND reference for each receiver channel For multi channel systems the user clicks on the GRP button to select the desired card group and the CH button to select the desired channel within the group RECEIVER 1 amp RECEIVER 2 O Time D 0 870 us Bising E
9. l l l 1 2 2 2 1 LS 69 S I O Routing CCA The LS 69 S I O Routing CCA is shown in Figure 1 15 below All of the individual I O signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 16 on page 29 The separate power supply module that powers the LS 69 S is shown in Figure 1 17 on page 29 The LS 69 power supply module is mounted on the chassis side wall between the drive bay and main AC power supply see Figure 1 3 on page 16 Figure 1 15 LS 69 S I O Routing CCA U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 28 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual PETI J28 BBAND IN J29 BBANO2 IN 415 10M REF 3 JJO BBAND 1 IN J14 10M REF 2 J31 BBAND 2 IN J13 10M REF t i Ay e 1 3 1373 ad x De eesti N mane E LT 3 v 44 MOOIF OUT j f J51F2 OUT TE si a i J6 EXT IF2 IN J7 Ft OUT J8 EXT IF 1 IN J9 MODIF OUT J10 EXT IF2 IN J11 IF OUT Seral Interface BBand Outputs r CIC SM 10M Ref Circuit Comb AGC Outputs m x r3 uw a i32 p i ru Group 1 Controls Group 2 Controls Figure 1 17 LS 69 Power Supply CCA U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 29 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 2 2 LS 27 PCI Multi Band 2 Channel Downconverter CCA The LS 27 Multi Band 2 Channel Downconverter CCA 1s shown in Figure 1 18 below AII of the individual I O signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 19 on page3l Figure 1 18 LS 27 PCI Downconverter CCA U9280103 Lumistar
10. Inc Page 30 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual P5 RCVR2 IF Output Alt PT RCVR2 RF Input Alt SMB Male SMB Male P amp RCVR1 IF Output Alt P8 RCVR1 RF Input Alt SMB Male 06 MMCX Jack A 10MHZ Ref In Out SMB Maie m B J5 MMCX Jack 100MHz Ref Out J j P1 RCVR1 RF input SMB Mate P2 RCVR1 IF Output SMB Male J4 HDSub 15 Female VO Connector P3 RCVR2 RF Input E SMB Mala P4 RCVR2 IF Output SMB Male D Style Connector Pin Signal Name Signal Details Contact No 1 RCVR1 AGC Out 0 4V Max Slope and range prog 2 RCVR1 AM Out Variable AM Output Output Filtered 3 Unused 4 Digital Discrete Input Output LVTTL 5 Voltage for Bias T 25V Max 6 10 GND Shield Ground RCVR2 AGC Out 0 4V Max Slope and range prog RCVR2 AM Out Variable AM Output Output Filtered Unused RCVR2 DIO Digital Discrete Input Output LVTTL RCVR2 Ext Bias T VIN Voltage for Bias T 25V Max Figure 1 19 LS 27 Faceplate I O U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 31 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 2 3 LS 35 Dual Channel Multi Mode Digital Demodulator Combiner CCA The LS 35 Dual Channel Multi Mode Digital Demodulator Combiner CCA is shown in Figure 1 20 below All of the individual face
11. LS25V2 8x DII dll 9 28 2011 2 52 PM Application extension _ LS27P3 20111129 FLASH bin 11 29 20111 43 PM BIN File LS27P3 DII dll 11 22 2011 3 00 PM Application extension Ls27V3 DspFlasher 11 22 2011 3 00 PM Application _ Ls27V3DspFlash 27Dsp 1 2012 2 17 PM 27DSP File Ls27V3DspFlash 3 20 2012 2 17 PM Text Document amp pthreadVC2 dll 3 5 2008 12 17 PN Application extension pthreadVC2d dll 2d quserex dll 3 5 2 1 Application extension S rtT4003X dll 2 14 2012 6 59 AN App E Run35V3xApp 2 26 2009 3 11 AM Win ll ViewLogs 8 24 2010 1 53AM App amp xerces c 2 8 dll 3 6 2008 1 42 PN App Application extension I ication extension dows Batch File ication I I cation extension cation extension xerces c 2 8D dll 3 2008 2 00 P App In some cases the update will consist of a new install program that the user runs on the target machine The update will automatically change all of the application files in their respective subdirectories The second form of an update will include individual LRRS files that the user manually copies into select subdirectories of the LRRS directory tree Specific instructions as to what individual file goes where will be provided by Customer Support along with the update 4 4 1 2 Updating the LS 35 Firmware Files Like the Chameleon the LS 35 can take on multiple functional personalities via different firmware loads The respective functional capabilities within a personali
12. Peak Deviation FM Only Carrier Power dBm Carrier Freq MHz and Bit Sync Lock status LED Above the status display area is a scrolling strip chart that displays the time record of the RSSI for both channels of the card group pp Ch 1 STATUS Ch 1 STATUS oe M33 HARRIS IF Level dBm 33 dicssa 9 t or L1 EbNo dB 15 8 EbNo dB 13 5 3 Peak Deviation 0 35 m Tif om Carrier Power dBm 13 85 d ui 7 Car Power dBm 14 02 Carrier Freq MHz 70 0253 Im x Carrier Freq MHz 70 0000 uh 7 Bitsync E Lock hi RE ES Lock CH 2 STATUS IF Level dBm 11 7 EbNo dB 13 4 T H Peak Deviation Th T 1 Carrier Power dBm 45 89 Carrier Power dBm 15 92 e Carrier Freq MHz 70 0726 E Carrier Freq MHz 69 9998 Bitsync EE Lock Bisync E Lock PSK Mode Figure 3 10 CCP Page Channel Status Display independent mode When the LRRS application is in one of the combined mode the appearance of the Channel Status Display functional area is slightly different An example of this is shown below in Figure 3 11 on page 84 The number of parameters displayed is reduced and include E No dB Peak Deviation FM Only Carrier Freq Offset MHz and Bit Sync Lock status LED Above the status display area is a scrolling strip chart that displays the time record of the RSSI for both channels of the card group Also included in this area are parameters associated with the combiner performanc
13. RF Stream Ca individual setup file assigned to them file extension Ls3X The individual setup file stores all of the configuration and parameter settings for that card group The Project command allows the user to aggregate all of the individual setup files into one single project file file extension LRPRJ Thus to setup an entire system with many card groups installed the user simply invokes one file or Project The user may create many EMEA VI SUCI d EOS E different project files each supporting a different operational scenario number of channels modulation formats frequencies data rates etc Mission Project Editor 3 2 1 2 1 The Project Load sub command The project Load sub command invokes a file selection dialog box to appear where the user enters the name of the project file that will be loaded into the system 3 2 1 2 2 The Project Unload sub command The project Unload sub command unloads the settings invoked when a previously selected project file was loaded into the system 3 2 1 2 3 The Project Edit sub command The Mission Project Editor window is shown in Figure 3 21 above This tool allows the user to define the number of card groups in the LS 28 system and to enter the file names of each card group hardware setup file Ls3X into a common Project file LRPRJ which the user then give a name to with the SaveAs command U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 97 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Mai
14. Socket Center Keyed In signal Mami mna rama a N 3 RCVRIIClock or 2E POENI l T Reve Daa 9 9 amp TGmund 7 Reva Tata 92 90 e Ground L l aT ROVAT OQ Glock 1 9 99 io Ground 1 Li eeraa s D Gud 1 1 13 RCVRIGDss s 5x n Du reu Te 7 He REVAL Pape NNNM Notes BE a N 2 Grund 9 PED Spare e or io Smund as ll 11 PEZ Spare m or 12 Ground o doodo 13 PE3 Spare m om 14 Ground JRS Mating Connector 2x16 0 1 Socket Center t Keyed ROD Clock ox roe BLS 1 3 RCVRZICik 1 94 9 Ee 1 5 RCVRZTDsta 8 Grund RCVRZ Data Ow Ground REVR Clock RCVR2 Q Glock o ow Goud o 13 RCVR2QData ow owr E RCVR2 Q Data JT mami Connector 2x18 0 1 Socket Center Keyed mm NE mm ER 2 Grund 3 o 3 PGU Spae 1 vex mw X God Te 5 PGie Spam wo mm 8 Grund o PGi Spare 8 Goud ed et 8 PG Spare wow Ww w c I 11 PG2 Spare ew E i2 Grund
15. When the Operational mode is set to Combined the two sub tabs are designated CH2 and Combiner shown below right 1n Figure 3 22 In either case the two sub tabs allow the user to configure the primary parameters required to receive and demodulate telemetry signals 3 2 1 4 1 1 Independent Mode The primary parameters for setup include Tuner Frequency MHz Modulation format Data Rate Mbps and Data Code Tuner Frequency The LS 27 P3 Multi band RF Downconverter concurrently support up to three of the following five possible frequency bands The user may also select 70 MHz as an input frequency at any time in addition to the three possible bands 2185 5 2485 5 MHz NATO E Band 2200 5 2399 5 MHz S Band 1710 5 1849 5 MHz Upper L Band 1435 5 1539 5 MHz Lower L Band 215 5 319 5 MHz P Band To select a receive frequency click on the Frequency MHz item Enter the frequency in the resulting pop up dialog box and then click OK The updated frequency will be displayed in the configuration display area Note that the supported tuner resolution 1s 50 KHz and that entered values will be rounded off the nearest 50 KHz value in the display Frequency values outside of the ranges specified above will result 1n an error message with no change in frequency Modulation Each multi mode demodulator in LRRS can support a variety of modulation formats The list of specific formats 1s determined at the time of purchase via the firm
16. click on the Configuration Tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 4 on page 122 for more details of the card setup window for the card group involved In the User sub tab select the Combined radio button in the Operational Mode box As a result of this the Accept Cancel buttons will appear and have a yellow color Click the Accept button to change the mode to Combined When LRRS is in Combined mode the appearance of the Operation Tab in the card setup window will change as shown in Figure 3 23 below The Operation Tab now has two sub tabs CARDX CH2 where X is the card group number and Combiner Both sub tabs are shown below RECEIVER 1 Setup File gt SET 1 RECEIVER 1 Setup File gt SET 1 File 53 54 m ss Test Configuration i i Outputs Test Configuration Frequency MHz 2250 00 IF Receiver Combiner Mode Spatial Polarization Signal EV MHz 0 0000 Modulation SOQPSK_TG IF Xmtr Info is vau Sec 0 1000 Data Rate Mbps 10 000 Restart Acquistion Noise Estimate Mode AUTO Data Code NRZL Calibrate Fixed Noise Reset Bit Sync Acq LBVY 96 1 000 Bit Sync Trk LEV 36 1 000 Center Freq MHz Fixed Noise dBm Hz 85 00 d Ch 1 70 0000 Carrier IF Filter BYY MHz 7 800 Carrier Fre MHz Ch 2 70 0000 85 00 oe i hed Hz Measured Noise SNR dB Scale 36 Ch1 28 944 40 117 576 51 082 Carrier Acq LEVY 95 00 AGC Freeze Carrier Trk LEW 36 Ch2 118 862 28 786 48 918 Carrier Thresh
17. during operation when the signal is present The measurement prior to operation is generally more accurate as long as the noise does not change during operation If the noise U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 60 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual measurement is made during operation the type of modulation can affect the accuracy of the measurement Constant envelope signals allow accurate noise estimates PCM FM PM SOQPSK multi h CPM are constant envelope signals BPSK and QPSK are often filtered and then contain a small amount of AM which make the operational noise measurements less accurate A noise calibration without signal is recommended for BPSK and QPSK signals The combiner implementation is entirely digital which means that analog component variations are eliminated This allows the combining gain to come very close to theoretical The instantaneous signal noise measurements can be made very quickly and allow accurate combining of signals with very fast fade rates Testing Accurate testing of a diversity combiner is not a simple task Static testing to show the strong signal is selected or to show that equal strength signals provide 3 dB of gain are good tests but do not fully test the performance of a diversity combiner More realistic tests include a variety of dynamic fade rates with both amplitude and phase fluctuations and static variations in the gain of each channel changing the gain does not change
18. 08 1 00E 09 1 00E 10 Figure 1 27 Typical Multi Symbol FM BER Performance multiple bands U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 44 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual LS 28 DRS 9 Theory BER Performance 10 MBPS SOQPSK All Bands amp S Band L L Band In ndent M dependent Mode E U L Band 1 00E 02 1 00E 03 1 00E 04 1 00E 05 BER 1 00E 06 1 00E 07 1 00E 08 1 00E 09 1 00E 10 Figure 1 28 typical SOQPSK BER Performance multiple bands U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 45 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 Theory of Operation The LS 28 family of receivers all employ multiple custom designed Lumistar circuit card assemblies which are summarized in Table 1 1 on page 28 The way these cards all play together in both the dual channel and quad channel LS 28 systems can be seen in Figure 1 29 below Figure 1 30 on page 47 and Figure 1 31 on page 48 LS28 Architecture I O Routing Diagram ICLK1SE IDAT1SE ICLK2SE IDAT2SE CH1 CLK PCM1CLK SE CH1 DAT P
19. 2 05 MeastalcII Ver 2 05 Hardcopy About Hardcopy About Magnitude x Reference Geod Target Geod M pode Y x meou a AL Magnitude Z Y Magnitude Latitude Vector Length z Magnitude Longitude l Msl Ft NauticalMiles 2 Ellipsoid Alt Ft Statute Miles Distance Dist To Horizon Nmi Feet 3 E S Waters Nautical Miles Kilometers Statute Miles Feet A HE Fro Target Geod Knots Edit Lat Long Msl ipid d Speed Edit East North Up eet per Second Nmi i i di Knots Range Rsi Reference Geod Rsi Er howe G Force Feet Per Second Range Rg 200 OOOO ance Ro Accel Z ft 2 Azimuth Edit Lat Long Msl zimuth GForce Elevation Edit East North Up evation amp Edit Range Az El G s a 2 Acceleration Miss Distance Ft Distance Clock U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 129 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual MeastalcII Ver 2 05 MeastalcII Ver 2 18 Hardcopy About Hardcopy About RF RF Number Math Trig Date Time Wwe 84 Misc PCM Data PCM Data Functions Doppler Fader Functions Link Budget Variable Link Info i Fade Margin i io Basic Frame Info Data Word Info pe sinc He Closing Velocity Bit Rate bps 5 Oe E T bps Word Start word Start Bits Per Word 24 9 a ee ELTE NI Word Interval Plor us l Polartzalion Axis Delta Word Stop Word Stop Minor Frames per Major Frame Deg Num FSP Words Updates Per Minor Word Start iti Updates Per Major Pr i Doppler Shift FSP Posit
20. 2 1 5 Single Board Computer amp Passive Backplane LS 28 QRS amp R2D3 22 1 2 2 1 6 Dual Monitor VGA Graphic Card esssssee 24 1 2 2 1 6 1 A Cautionary Tail about Using Two Monitors 24 L2 2 1 7 Rear I O Panel Assembly eet netten e a n e eei 25 1 2 2 2 LS 28 Custom Circuit Card Assemblies CCAS sssse 28 L2 2 2 L TeS26925 VO Routine CC Ns ioi dere a sh VICE Eta E EE o RR EE E USD 28 1 2 2 2 2 LS 27 PCI Multi Band 2 Channel Downconverter CCA 30 1 2 2 2 3 LS 35 Dual Channel Multi Mode Digital Demodulator Combiner CCA 32 1 2 2 2 4 LS 34 PCI Single Channel Multi Mode Digital Demodulator 35 1 2 2 2 5 LS 37 P95 Two Channel Telemetry Recorder Up amp Downconverter 35 1 2 2 2 6 LS 37 P50 Single Channel Telemetry Recorder Up amp DOosyneonvertet axsasdvevid io Vr ao eae po vb eae oO RC ene ace atii a eM dup 35 1 2 2 2 7 Rear Panel IO COAG pesoni a ate Psion st umen Fas 35 1 2 3 Differences between Models tis umida Rud tUa eece om EL edd 37 12 2 ES28 Models amp V arian stetit ee UE ERE poavehated mene taken ER eases 37 e233 lek Band Conftp urattOnsz een iui pie e evt bes M i rd e rts beds 38 1 2 5 1 2 Channel Contfieutatl DB ied as d eo amd ma 38 1 2 4 OVS em Spec CANON S Suiedisveicexsdoatesiastesuvetdiatbtora modest aS 39 1 23 DUM Jer TOL O cu Lau E MINI E asa 42 2l AGC EDEIY ecd didt buda Cou td dl deut ebuu ddnde totu 42 1 2 5 2 VSWERCIata
21. Data Processing System A telemetry data acquisition amp processing application used to control Lumistar hardware such as decommutators Digital to Analog DAC cards etc LDPS would be used for example if the user installed a decommutator into a vacant PCI slot in the LS 28 chassis U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 90 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual vertical bar graph will change to the color specified in the Down Converter Color control see Figure 3 17 on page 92 Max Strength Color e MIN Strength dBm This button sets the numerical value associated with the change of color to indicate that the input RF power level in dBm 1s less than the value specified Once the input RF power level has gone below this level the color of the vertical bar graph will change to the color specified in the Down Converter Color control see Figure 3 17 on page 92 Min Strength Color e RSSI Strip Samples This button sets the numerical value for the number of contiguous data samples included in the RSSI strip chart display widget and on the channel status display in the CCP page Below the Receiver Limits controls are the Application CPU Usage controls These controls include Priority settings for the LRRS application and individual Affinity settings for any all of the CPU cores found in the systems main CPU 3 2 1 1 1 3 The Utility tab is shown in Figure 3 16 below allows the user to customize the color schemes used for al
22. Downconversion 2nd Local Oscillator 2nd IF Filter Limiting Amplifier AM Demodulation Digital AGC DAGC Digital Signal Processing Engine DSPE With the exception of the DSPE each of these sections are physically shielded and isolated from one another to facilitate the greatest EMI RFI ingress and egress protection allowing the receiver exceptional performance For the following sections refer to the block diagram of Figure 1 32 on page 50 1 3 1 1 1st Downconversion The RF input is applied to the 1st downconversion stage The stage may optionally contain a bias T which can be used to power an external LNA through the RF interface port Contact the factory for further details on this option A DAGC section is next in the signal chain for very high level signal protection and compression compensation This is followed by a low noise amplifier LNA to provide a large amount of gain while maintaining a very low noise figure enhancing the receiver s overall sensitivity Selectable RF band pass filters follow the LNA The RF signal is then mixed with the first local oscillator LO which converted to the Ist IF frequency 1 3 1 2 Ist IF Band Pass Filter The output of the Ist downconversion stage is sent through one of twolst IF filter paths based on the selection of high side or low side conversion To eliminate images and limit the overall noise bandwidth to the remaining receiver sections a 50 MHz band pass filter is switched into the s
23. Figure 3 7 CCP Page Dual Channel LS 28 DRS with Spectrum Display Selected U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 77 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The Frequency Marker Delta mode is shown in Figure 3 46 on page 135 and 1s represented by two vertical dotted lines Each marker line advances or recedes in frequency via the slider control shown at the top edge of the display These two slider controls appear only when the mouse cursor is placed at the top edge of the widget Note that the two marker frequencies and frequency delta are shown on the display in the upper right corner The Amplitude Marker Delta mode is shown in Figure 3 47 on page 136 and is represented by two horizontal dotted lines Each marker line advances or recedes in amplitude via the slider control shown at the left edge of the display These two slider controls appear only when the mouse cursor is placed at the left edge of the widget Note that the two marker amplitudes and amplitude delta are shown on the display in the upper right corner U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 78 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 5 PSK Constellation Display When the LS 28 is in the PSK operational mode the I Q Constellation Display becomes available and is shown in the figure below red rectangle and has a few simple controls The I Q Constellation Display is handy for analyzing the state of quadrature modulation schemes Figure 3 48 on page 1
24. Noise Figure 8 dB Maximum 5 dB Typical at threshold IF Filters Software set by data rate PCM code and modulation format User override available Eight SAW anti alias pre filters 0 25 0 50 1 2 5 10 20 40 MHz Precision digital FIR filtering employed at demodulation input Exceeds requirements for ARTM Tier II phase noise 110 dBm typ at 100KHz AGC Slope and Range Programmable over any portion 4V to 4V Linear Pos Neg AGC Time Constants Selectable 0 1 1 10 100 1000 msec RF Input AGC Range 110 dB 10 to 100 dBm Input Compression 10 dBm IP3 15 dBm typical output AM Demodulation DC to 50 KHz programmable output vs AM depth typically 2V p p for 50 modulation depth AM Filtering 32 each lowpass filters plus Bypass Mode Adj Channel Interference exceeds IRIG requirements contact Lumistar for more information Bias T Power Supply up to 25V 500 mA Pre D Combiner DRS 1 Each QRS 2 Each Combiner Type Digital Combining algorithm based upon measured S N for each channel S N Improvement 2 5 dB typical equal RF input levels near threshold Break Frequency 50 KHz minimum for 30 dB fades Demodulator Outputs DRS 2 Each ORS 4 Each Demodulation Formats Multi symbol PCM FM PCM PM BPSK QPSK SOQPSK OQPSK Phase Noise AQPSK Analog FM for NTSC PAL Video Sub carrier s Data Rates 10 kbps 30 Mbps Multi Symbol PCM FM Other RF bands available please
25. Panel Assembly LS 28 QRS eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 26 Figure 1 14 LS 28 Rear I O Panel Assembly LS 28 R2D3 eeeeeeeeeeeee 21 Ficure tIS E5 69 5 LO ROUUBS CCA ein ns auapexsauaesdstuberadeetedenaechoveauen vies 28 Figure 1 16 LS 69 S I O Routing CCA Connections seen 29 Figure l 7 5 69 Power supply CCA ouis teaotstute put EE ene ee aute ee 29 Figure 1 18 LS 27 PCI Downconverter CCA eeessssssssssssssseeeeene nennen 30 Pigure P39 15 27 Faceplate TO sucede PREPARA DU REF A Ne La PR LE IU TED R PETI RON PIS UISR LAE 3l Figure 1 20 LS 35 Dual Channel Multi Mode Demodulator CCA ss 32 Figure 1 21 LS 35 Faceplate I O Signal Diagram esee 33 Figure 1 22 E 5 55 Rear Connector VO 4 2 rives bie dii OL er Rt Tue Dodo ebd od 34 Figure 1 23 LS 34 Single Channel Multi Mode Demodulator CCA 35 Ficure 1 24 D 56 Rear VO Panel CCA icenian tates te teto Malone tup a bobsbote lom eor Wwiadeent 36 Figure 1 25 AGC 1 Linearity amp Residual PIot asiento v D divers 43 Figure 1 26 AGC 2 Linearity amp Residual Plot sse 43 Figure 1 27 Typical Multi Symbol FM BER Performance multiple bands 44 Figure 1 28 typical SOQPSK BER Performance multiple bands 45 Figure 1 29 Block Diagram LS 28 DRS sse eene eene eene enne 46 Figure 550 Block
26. Per Second BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BW Band Width CCA Circuit Card Assembly CCP Common Control Page CD Compact Disk CHKDSK Check Disk CPM Continuous Phase Modulation CPU Central Processing Unit DAC Digital to Analog Converter DAGC Digital AGC Automatic Gain Control DBIOM Differential Bi phase Mark DBIOS Differential Bi phase Space DC Direct Current DMM Differential Miller Mark DMM Digital Multi Meter DMM2 Differential Miller Squared MxM DMS Differential Miller Space DSP Digital Signal Processing DSPE Digital Signal Processing Engine DVD Digital Video Disk EMI Electro Magnetic Interference FEC Forward Error Correction FFT Fast Fourier Transform FIR Finite Impulse Response U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 168 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual FM Frequency Modulation FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array FTP File Transfer Protocol GB Giga Byte GND Ground GPU Graphic Processing Unit GUI Graphical User Interface HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol IBM International Business Machines ID Identification IDE Integrated Drive Electronics IF Intermediate Frequency IRIG Inter Range Instrumentation Group JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group LBW Loop Band Width LDPS Lumistar Data Processing System LED Light Emitting Diode LNA Low Noise Amplifier LO Local Oscillator LP Low Pass LRRS Lumista
27. Primary The anatomy of the Primary Modulator sub tab is shown shown in Figure 3 28 on page 114 The appearance of the GUI is the same irrespective of the firmware personality loaded into the hardware The Modulator sub tab allows the user to enter the requisite parameters necessary to set up the data and modulation formats needed for testing receivers and demodulators The Primary Modulator sub tab has setup controls for several test functions including the test Modulator Carrier Sweep profile controls two PCM Encoders and the Transmission TX BERT To change any of the parameters the user simply places the mouse cursor over the parameter and right clicks to invoke an input dialog box The Test Modulator parameters are shown in Table 3 2 on page 115 Note when in Combiner mode the test modulator is not available for test purposes Instead the modulator output is used to provide the 70 MHz reconstructed IF output signal from the combiner This combined IF 1s then available for other uses U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 113 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual CARD 1 Setup File gt E At the heart of the self test File 4AU C 40 c3 c3 capabilities within LS 28 is the Operation Outputs Test Configuration Loopback Mode checkbox Once Modulator invoked by the user the Loopback Mode automatically engages the Modulator S EXER s r ect sours Direct Gwensas ore x Carrier Enable and Modulation Carrie
28. SOQPSK TT LS 28 QRS MA XXX Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK AUQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 QRS M6 XXX Multi Symbol PCM FM and SOQPSK Quad Band Configurations P lower L upper L and NATO E band only LS 28 ORS MIPLUE Multi Symbol PCM FM demod format LS 28 QRS M2PLUE SOQPSK only LS 28 QRS M3PLUE Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 QRS MAPLUE Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK OPSK OQPSK SOQPSK AUQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 QRS M6PLUE Multi Symbol PCM FM and SOQPSK 1 2 3 1 1 Band Configurations The LS 28 supports independent two or four channel reception and or combining of up to four RF bands including E S lower upper L P K C or custom bands up to 5 GHz 1 2 3 1 2 Channel Configurations The LS 28 has dual channel LS 28 DRS and quad channel LS 28 ORS configurations U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 38 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 4 System Specifications The operational and performance specifications for the LS 28 family of telemetry receivers are itemized in Table 1 3 below Table 1 3 LS 28 Performance Specifications DRS 1 Each QRS 2 Each RF Input Frequency 2200 2400 MHz NATO E Band 2185 2485 MHz Lower L Band 1435 1540 MHz 680 760 Mz 880 1130 M o TOMHzpesst m 70MHz pnt Level 10dBmtothreshold Pe Maximum Input Level 28 dBm self protection at startup for gt 28 dBm Tuner Resolution Frequency Accuracy
29. Spectrum Receiver 1 Ch 1 Span d O MHz Center Freq 70 00 MHz Ret 106 48m dbs 10 0 SAW IF BW MHz 20 00 Video BW MHz 10 00 NTSC De emphasi 61 20 0 dB V 20 0 AGC Freeze 1 AGC Freeze 2 aan ur GC Zero 1 Normal Normal arameters D hvert Invert Status Display NumAveraces 8 Update Rate Hz 5 Display Mode CLEAR_WRITE M Carrier Power dBm 13 84 Carrier Freq MHz 70 0248 Btsync W Lock Spectrum Constellation CH 2 STATUS F Level dBm 51 OScope Display EbNo dB 157 Peak Deviation 0 36 Carrier Power dBm 15 91 Carrier Freq MHz 70 0737 Bitsyne BE Lock Figure 3 3 Anatomy of the CCP Page Depending on the Operational Mode the appearance of some of the displays may be different from that shown in the figure above Any differences are discussed in the individual paragraphs U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 71 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 1 Operational Mode The Operational Mode functional area see Figure 3 3 on page 71 is where the operator selects what mode the receiver will operate in The operational modes include FM and or PSK various types and whether the two channels in each group in the LS 28 are Independent or are Combined The operator selects the receiver mode by placing the mouse curser in the Operational Mode box and right clicking The resulting pup up window is shown below After the operational mode 1s selected t
30. These tests are also the basis for determining whether or not there has been a major system malfunction requiring repair actions including the possible removal and replacement of one or more system CCAs LS 28 Receiver 70 MHz IF Out CH 1 2 amp 3 4 Video Out CH 1 2 amp 3 4 Figure 4 1 LS 28 Test Equipment Setup The test equipment configuration shown in Figure 4 1 above is used to verify and test the operational and performance characteristics of the LS 28 No specific model numbers for the equipment are specified but the equipment used should be compatible with testing modern telemetry receivers operating in the 1 4 to 3 GHz frequency band 4 3 1 Internal Loop back Test with I O Signal Verification The LS 28 is equipped with a powerful multi mode IF modulator rich with features and capabilities The IF modulator is ideal for test and checkout of the various demodulators U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 149 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual configured on LS 28 In this test the operator dismisses the CCP page and from the LRRS launch banner invokes the test modulator see paragraph 3 2 1 4 3 1 on page 113 The operator does this for each card group configured in the system The test modulator is placed in the Loopback Mode by checking the checkbox red circle in the figure below The operator then configures the demodulator to match the test modulator settings and then begins checking the various sig
31. Time Constant for both the tracking receiver and data receiver functions in applications when a single receiver was called upon to do both In some applications it was not possible to use one receiver for tracking and the other for data only usually a cost constraint Realizing that a slower AGC Time Constant required for auto tracking 1s not going to be the optimal setting for capturing data where fast response to drops in signal level is desired the AGC Time Constant functions for data and auto tracking have been decoupled In other words the AGC Time Constant selection controls the AGC Voltage applied at the rear I O for interface to the ACU and does not affect the AGC utilized for data only This 1s a big operational improvement over legacy receivers U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 76 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 4 Spectrum Display The Spectrum Display area is shown in the figure below red rectangle and is divided into several regions In the upper portion of the window is the graphical data display area where the spectrum graphs are generated Also in the upper left portion of the spectrum display are the Frequency Span MHz the Reference Level dB and dB division These parameters are controlled in the lower right region below the graphical display via slider or knob controls as shown in the figure When invoked addition information associated with Frequency and Amplitude markers are displayed in
32. Up amp Downconverter I O Signal Verification for the R2D3 Only The LS 37 Telemetry Recorder Up Down Converter UDC is a collection of hardware and software components that together form a system that supports the use of legacy FM as well as the latest digital telemetry data recorders found on today s test ranges The hardware elements include the Lumistar LS 37 P95 and LS 35 P50 Recorder Up Down Converter PCI cards and a customized rear panel I O connector assembly designed to be integrated into the rear panel of the Lumistar LS 28 4U family of Chassis type receivers The software element the LS 37 UDC application and the custom firmware loaded into the FPGA on each LS 37 card perform the up and down conversion signal processing The UDC functionality in the LS 37 is standalone meaning that there are no internal connections inside the chassis between the LS 37 hardware and the LS 28 radio hardware All such connections must be made externally via coaxial cabling between the UDC I O panel and the LS 28 Standard I O panel as shown in Figure 4 5 below Specific examples of this external cabling are discussed in paragraphs 4 3 1 1 1and 4 3 1 1 2 on pages 154 and 155 The LS 37 configuration in the LS 28 R2D3 is the most common among the many that are possible with this technology The LS 28 R2D3 is an advanced multi mode multi band two channel receiver combiner that provides both independent and combined channel output signals In its most
33. by combining is 3 dB When the difference in dB increases to 5 8 the combining gain 1s reduced to about 1 0 dB U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 59 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual tn a Cn pa 2 iA 2 D o D E oo CD E EN Delta SNR Figure 1 39 Theoretical Combining Gain Relative to the Strongest Signal Advantages Most legacy combiners use an AGC output as the estimate for the SNR This works correctly if the noise levels and gains in each channel are identical However differences in noise and gains are not uncommon Differences between channels can be caused by different noise figures of the LNAs and downconverters different gains of the LNAs and downconverters different cable lengths and cable losses and differences in the AGC signal s gain To get the same operational performance as observed in a laboratory extreme care must be given during the installation to ensure matching gains and noise figures But even if the system is properly adjusted during installation aging of components can cause parameters to change over time reducing the effectiveness Measuring the actual SNR is more difficult but it ensures proper combining The above implementation makes an instantaneous measure of the signal noise and an averaged measure of the noise From these it computes the signal noise for each channel The averaged noise measurement can be made prior to operation when no signal is present or
34. chooses one of these by invoking the Subcarrier Modulation command and making the appropriate selection Subcarrier 1 Rate The user sets the frequency of the subcarrier in Hz by invoking the Subcarrier Rate command and entering the desired frequency Currently subcarrier frequencies up to a maximum of MHz are allowed Subcarrier 1 Modulation Index When the user selects the SUBCAR modulation mode the Subcarrier Modulation Index command becomes active and allows the user to specify the amount of phase deviation to produce on the subcarrier The user may enter a value up to p 2 radians 1 5708 I Q Routing Parameters The Routing section of the Secondary Test Modulator sub tab allows the user to configure the Stream Routing of the data prior to modulation I amp Q Data Source To support the plethora of quadrature modulation modes implemented in the LS 28 two separate independent PCM data sources are available Each PCM encoder in turn produces data derived from a number of sources both internal and external The default for the quadrature scheme sets the I Channel to PCM ENCODERI and the Q Channel to PCM ENCODER2 For PCM FM BPSK and SOQPSK the I Channel defaults to PCM ENCODERI with the Q Channel being irrelevant I amp Q Data routing The data routing functions in the LS 28 Test Modulator determine how the I and Q data streams are sent to the modulation stage By invoking the IQ Routing command the user may opt to leave
35. combiner mode the status for channel 2 ONLY will be shown 3 2 1 1 System Command The main System command has four sub commands Options Force FPGA Load at Startup Hardware Configuration and Network Configuration The System command and its associated sub commands are not typically invoked by the end user but are rather used in the initial phases of installing and configuring the LRRS application at the factory for the first time As such the System commands should only be used with caution and at the direction technical support U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 87 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Project View Setup Logging Tools Help About Options EC Force FPGA Load at Startup Hardware Configuration Network Configuration 3 2 1 1 1 The System Options sub command System gt Options invokes the multi tab window shown in Figure 3 14 below The systems options window has four tabs Directory Operations Utility and Unique Card Settings 3 2 1 1 1 1 The Directory tab is shown in Figure 3 14 below allows the user to specify the location of certain LRRS files in directories chosen by the user Currently the Event Log directory is defined to contain all error logs produced by the application Future version of the LRRS application may require additional file directories and their locations will also be defined here in the directory tab PLE Pree Directory Operations Utility Uni
36. common use scenario the LS 28 R2D3 ingests the two RF inputs coming from the Left and Right hand feeds of a polarized tracking antenna It first down converts these two signals to a 70 MHz intermediate frequency IF both of which come out the back of the receiver Next it demodulates each of the two independent IF signals down to both baseband and further down to the final clock and data TTL outputs for each channel At the same time it 1s also diversity combining the two independent 70 MHz IF signals with the resulting combined 70 MHz IF also coming out the back of the receiver This combined 70 MHz IF is then demodulated down to both baseband and further down to the final clock and data TTL outputs for the combined channel U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 153 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Overall LS 37 Interconnect Diagram Recorder Unit Recorder U D Converter Panel LS 28 Standard IO Panel PLAYBACKOUT BBIN FOUT RECIN BBOUT IFIN EN RECORDER U D CONV1 FN a p IFINZ RECORDER U D CONV2 Eip ij CARO r e o E o rd a m m 00 CC EN ec Figure 4 5 Global LS 37 Connection Interfaces LS 28 R2D3 Chassis 4 3 1 1 1 Three Channel Down Conversion LH RH amp Combined The first use case of the LS 37 UDC in the Lumistar LS 28 R2D3 involves recording the actual Left Hand Right Hand and Combined 70 MHz IF output signals produced by the receiver during an actual m
37. dBm Frequency MHz 2250 00 Input Source RF Band S Band IF E Mhz 10 00 AGC TC msec 0 10 IF Level dBm 13 13 Eb No dB 13 905 13737 DAGC Profile Profile A Carrier Power dBm 17 09 17 08 Pri IF Out Sel DAGC Out Carrier Freq MHz 59 3815 69 9819 53 54 RF Level dBm AM Freq Hz AM Index REF Lock Figure 3 23 Individual Group Setup Window Operation Tab Combined Mode The next step is to set the Combiner Mode that the card group will operate in Place the mouse cursor beneath the Combiner tab and right click The combiner in LRRS supports multiple combining modes including Frequency and Polarization diversity For Spatial or Antenna diversity choose the Polarization mode The user may also disable the combiner altogether by invoking the Off command It should be noted that the particulars of the actual combining algorithm used on the two signals does not change with combiner mode Rather these combiner modes are needed in the automation of certain GUI functions For example when the user selects the polarization mode the software will automatically set the tuner frequency of both of the associated downconverters to the same frequency irrespective to what they were originally set to In this case if the second demodulator CH2 input was set to combiner for example then the tuner frequency set for the second downconverter U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 105 Apr
38. in advance of the minimums called for here so there shouldn t be an issue with such displays but older legacy displays especially those with 4 x 3 aspect ratios may not be compatible with the CCP GUI If this is the case the CCP page can be turned off see Figure 3 15 on page 89 and the alternate multi tab GUI described in great detail beginning in paragraph 3 2 on page 87 can be used instead Also it is preferable to use a VGA display that has a wide screen aspect ratio especially with the LS 28 QRS with its quad channel CCP page display shown in Figure 3 2 below Lore 2 Wer ldr COP hode 094 12 56006 772 RECEIVER 1 RCVR 2 DPERA TIONAL MIDE TEE DPLEATIDHAL MODE rciependent FAFA rciependlent FMF Aven Ch Cereri Lh Contro emia Aca ju Mortari Aca pectu RECEIVER L N k Beth Ch Generel Ch Centred Restart Acq Restart Acq SSS eh o EHO Frequency MEE 250050 Mecriulation PZH FH Data abe Mbps B0 Hii Data Rate CMbps T input Date Code NRIL T T IN INRETESI T Feu Date Code MRZL Gabser Freq S00 E in L l SAWIF FA MHZ 2000 mu TRITT T i r i UAE PAL MH 2000 r M i BB B4 10 00 t 4 t a NI Sins l 4 inna E an Video Di MiHz f zs i ae Video Dy Mitr HTC De empais LM NTSC De ernphazis AGC Freeze 1 AGC Freeze 2 AGE TE meee O40 T LIN MR E i l AGC Freeze 3 AGC Freeze 4 AGE TC meee O10 All fend 1 Bis Dez Danis 1 i Abc feng J Box fer d T Cht Pob
39. marker line advances or recedes in time via the control shown on the display as indicated in the red square in the figure below Also note that the marker time and time delta are shown on the upper right of the display Pause Mode Select the Pause Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain Cursors display This will freeze the updating of the time domain display To resume the dynamic updating of the time domain display again select the Pause Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain display The activation of this mode is indicated by a check mark symbol v next to the PAUSE item in the menu Persistance k Persistence Control Select the Persistence Control Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain display The Persistence Control has four sub modes None 1 3 2 7 and 4 0 Seconds Use the Persistence Control to examine for example the eye pattern of a demodulated datastream With persistence of the display successive cycles of a time varying signal are in essence displayed one on top of the other thus creating a temporal layering of successive and often transitory events An example of this effect is shown right in Figure 3 53 on page 143 Oscilloscope Trigger Mode Select the Oscilloscope Trigger Mode by right clicking in the lower portion of the time domain display The Trigger Mode has two sub modes Auto and Normal In normal mode the oscillosc
40. on the display as indicated in the red square in the figure below Also note that the marker time and time delta are shown on the upper right of the display RCYR i amp RCYR2 Time D 2 406 us LI i i m on 4 I Li 1 vod v Mrkr 1 3 8 us Mrkr 2 13 6 us Mirker 3 8 US AA IL y 3 I ie y i l r L lm P Risna eda f 5i2us lt Pause Mode Select the Pause Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain Cursors display This will freeze the updating of the time domain display To resume the 7 Persistance dynamic updating of the time domain display again select the Pause Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain display The activation of this mode is indicated by a check mark symbol v next to the PAUSE item in the menu U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 142 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Persistence Control Select the Persistence Control Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain display The Persistence Control has four sub modes None 1 3 2 7 and 4 0 Seconds Use the Persistence Control to examine for example the eye pattern of a demodulated datastream With persistence of the display successive cycles of a time varying signal are in essence displayed one on top of the other thus creating a temporal layering of successive and often transitory events An example of thi
41. opt to swap the I amp Q streams after the bit sync POST BITSYNC after the PCM encoder POST PCM CODING or not at all OFF Invert Location The Invert Location command allows the I amp Q data streams to be inverted logically in several locations The user may opt to invert the I amp Q streams after the bit sync POST BITSYNC after the PCM encoder POST PCM CODING or not at all OFF Stream 1 Only Invert Invert Output Output l Q CH l Q CH l Q CH Bit Sync Interleave Viterbi PCM Decoder Encoder Figure 3 26 Post Demodulation Stream Routing Stream 1 Only Recombine Location When the stream control mode is set to Stream 1 Stream 2 as shown in Figure 3 27 on page 110 then the Recombine Location command has meaning and allows the I amp Q data streams to be recombined interleaved in a number of locations The user may opt to combine the I amp Q streams after the bit sync POST BITSYNC after the Viterbi decoder POST VITERBI after the PCM encoder POST PCM CODING or not at all OFF 3 2 1 4 2 3 Signal Polarity Controls Output Clock Polarity The user has control of the timing relationships between the output data I amp Q and output clocks I amp Q by checking the Output Clock Polarity checkbox The user may opt to align the start of each data bit with either the Rising edge or the Falling edge of the clock U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 109 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manu
42. or can be manually selected by the user The digital combiner utilizes an enhanced S N ratio measurement firmware technique to provide a signal to noise improvement of at least 2 5 dB when equal signals near threshold levels are applied at the LS 28 inputs For optimal multi path avoidance the combiner can operate at fade break frequencies up to 50 KHz Best source selection can also be performed via software Because of its digital implementation the performance of the LS 28 is repeatable day after day year after year from unit to unit The LS 28 requires no periodic calibration and life cycle costs are greatly reduced because future upgrades such as new modulation formats or an improved DSP algorithm are all implemented via software and or firmware via an on site upgrade The LS 28 is rack mountable a rack mounting kit is provided and is designed for deployment in ground benign environments The unit 1s equipped with two 2 Giga bit Ethernet RJ 45 ports for remote operation and the system chassis can support one or two VGA monitor ports 1 2 2 LS 28 System Components The LS 28 1s made up of a single 4U 19 wide rack mountable chassis that is populated with both commercial off the shelf computer components and custom designed telemetry signal reception and processing cards All of the RF IF amp other signal inputs and outputs are accessed via a custom designed rear panel for optimum flexibility The computer components ar
43. receiver These updates are required to enhance and or add functionality and fix problems that are discovered These firmware and software updates are distributed to the user in several ways If no internet connection is available the user can receive a CD disk upon request The quickest and easiest way is via the Internet Periodically owners of LS 28 systems will receive en email message from Lumistar Customer Support that contains a web link to the Lumistar FTP site The web link 1s an HTTP hyperlink that points to a web page address and the user simply clicks on the link in the message and is taken to the Lumistar FTP site where a special download area unique to that specific customer will have been setup for the update The user simply clicks a button on this web page and the download of the update begins The user then takes the update and installs it on the system s as directed by Lumistar Customer Support The different kinds of updates are described further in the following numbered paragraphs 4 4 1 Updating the Operational Software The LS 28 operational software firmware includes the LRRS application the LS 35 firmware and the LS 27 DSP firmware Each 1s described as follows P Note If a combiner improvement of greater than 3 dB is achieved 3 dB is the theoretical maximum do not despair the 1 x 10 6 BER at 1 MBPS does not produce that many errors for a given unit of time and the resulting combiner improvement calculation is no
44. shown below FM status on the left SOQPSK status on the right Status For CH 1 Mode Frequency MHZ Modulation Carrier Lock Carrier Freq MHz Carrier Power dBi Combiner AM Freg rHz Ah Index 5 Data Rate Mbps Eb Mo dB Data Code Combiner Made Measured Moise EFT 115 092 Ch 2 114 620 RF Level dBm REF Lock Independent 2250 0 PEM Fh Locked 70 00 14 72 Frequency Hz Modulation Carrier Lock Carrier Freq MHz Carrier Power dBi AM Frea faz AM Index Data Rate Mbps Eb t Mo dB Data Code Combiner Mode Measured Moise Ch 1 114 350 Ch 2 414 004 RF Level dBim REF Lock Figure 3 49 Status Display Widget Examples FM amp SO U9280103 Lumistar Inc Xx Independent 2250 0 SOGPSK TG Locked 71 00 14 78 3 10 000 13 374 NRL Spatial SMR dB 31 040 30506 53 9 Locked Page 138 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 3 System Level Setup The System Level Setup window aggregates the individual card level status displays and setup controls into a single display suitable for controlling and assessing the state of the system at a single glance The user may resize this window as small or as large as needed to accommodate viewing from any distance Lrrs_3x System Mode File View an mi s _ 51 EI 50 50 m 50 CARD 1 CARD 2 OPERATIONS Data Code RNRZ 15 CARD 1 CH2 Data Code RNRZ 15 CARD 2
45. system being sold 1 1 1 2 List of Abbreviations amp Acronyms A list of all abbreviations and acronyms used in this document may be found in Appendix A List of Abbreviations amp Acronyms beginning on page 168 1 2 Equipment Description The LS 28 is an advanced technology multi channel receiver combiner employing sophisticated fourth generation Digital Signal Processing DSP technologies 1 2 1 LS 28 Characteristics Capabilities and Features The LS 28 supports independent two or four channel reception and or combining of up to four RF bands including E S lower upper L P K C or custom bands up to 5 GHz Internal to the LS 28 the RF inputs are processed by the Lumistar LS 27 two channel quad band PClI based tuner card s that acquire and downconverts the signals to a 70 MHz intermediate frequency IF The IF signals are then digitized by the Lumistar LS 35 two channel digital multi mode IF receiver The LS 35 supports either independent channel or combined channel operation for diversity reception The digital multi mode demodulation capability of the LS 35 supports multi symbol PCM FM SOQPSK BPSK OPSK OQPSK AQPSK PCM PM and sub carrier s The demodulated data is bit synchronized and provided as both TTL and RS 422 data amp clock outputs PCM code conversions are also supported Both Pre D and Post D FM only combining are available standard features such as eye pattern and constellation diagram displays I
46. the LS 28 DRS The quad channel CCP page associated with the LS 28 QRS is shown in Figure 3 2 on page 70 CloseApp Logging Hardcopy Project Large Help Receiver 1 OPERATIONAL MODE Independent FM FM Both Ch Control Restart Acg Restart Acq 1 e CH2 Frequency MHz 2250 50 Modulation PCM_FM Data Rate Mbps 1 000 input Data Code NRZL Output Data Code NRZL 100 L j 120 4 59 dBm a SAW IF BW MHz 2 00 20 0 dB V 20 0 Video BW MHz 1 00 AGC Freeze 1 AGC Freeze 2 NTSC De emphasis AGC Zero 1 AGC Zero 2 AGC TC msec 0 10 Data Polarity Normal Ref Lock NEsekedy Clock Polarity CH1 dBm CH2 dBm CH 1 STATUS EbNo dB 20 2 Peak Deviation 0 35 Car Frq Offset kHz 0 68 BE Lock 1 qp c La a CH 2 STATUS oa a DONE ye EbNo dB 20 1 Peak Deviation 0 35 A Kratos Defense and Security Solutions Company Car Frq Offset kHz 0 78 NN asi Bitsync EHE Lock Figure 3 1 CCP Page for the Dual Channel LS 28 DRS FM Mode To display the CCP page correctly the VGA monitor used with the LS 28 must support a minimum resolution of 1440 x 900 or greater Any monitor with less than 900 lines of U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 69 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual horizontal resolution will result in the loss of certain portions of the display Almost all modern flat panel displays have native resolutions far
47. the factory for the first time As such this command should only be used with caution and at the direction technical U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 95 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual yired For Uiu g LS27P3 Card 1 Ch 1 LS27P3 Card 1 Ch 2 LS27P3 Card 2 Ch 1 LS27P3 Card 2 Ch 2 Figure 3 20 Hardware Configuration Control Window 3 2 1 1 4 The System Network Configuration sub command System gt Network Configuration shown below allows the user to setup and configure the LS 28 for network operation This is done by checking the Enable Network checkbox and entering the Client IP Address and UDP Port Number by clicking on the respective buttons The Data Rate Hz slider controls the update rate of outgoing UDP packets that contain any all LS 28 system status data Network Configuration Enable Network pataRste Hz 31 3 10 Client IP Address UDP Port Number 192 168 16 102 33170 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 96 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 2 Project Command The Project command has three sub commands Load Unload and Edit Project Setup Logging Tools Help About Load imu o m mm Edit The Project command allows the user to create and manage groups of setup files used gt in configuring the LRRS software and aes associated hardware Each of the hardware Recal groups installed in the system can have an
48. the oscilloscope as the slider is adjusted Lastly verify that the AM Freq Hz and AM Index parameters shown in the RF block of the Operation tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 1 on page 99 are showing values consistent with 50 modulation at 400 Hz Step 4 On the RF signal generator turn off the AM modulation Verify that the RF Level dBm shown in the RF block in the Operation tab indicates the correct input power level and that this level is also indicated on the vertical bar graph Do this for all channels in the LS 28 Using a DMM measure the AGC signals voltage AGCI AGC2 etc on the rear I O panel Verify that the voltage level changes as the input power level 1s adjusted up and down on the signal generator 4 3 3 Receiver Threshold amp Combiner Improvement This test verifies that the LS 28 receiver can produce error free data when the RF input power levels are just above the threshold level for a given data rate and modulation format and that when the unit is in combined mode there is a demonstrable improvement in BER performance better than 2 dB at the same threshold input RF power level In other words in combined mode the RF input power level that just begins to produce bit errors will be at least 2 dB lower than the corresponding power level in independent mode that produces the same bit error rate The operator will use some of the test equipment called out in Figure 4 1 on page 149 The detailed procedure for this test foll
49. the trellis and have been established empirically via experiment to their current values and should NOT be changed The IF Auto Settings area has four advanced controls associated with the FM demodulators ability to deal with ill behaved data being received from a conventional Analog FM transmitter In such a scenario the ill behaved data low transition density long runs of all ones or all zeros will have strong DC components present that can and often do cause the center frequency of the Analog FM transmitter to randomly drift off frequency The FM demodulator in the LS 28 can deal with this ill behaved data scenario The four controls associated with this function include Enable Carrier Acq Range checkbox Enable Carrier IF Filter Setting checkbox Enable Carrier IF Center Freq LBW Setting checkbox and Default Center Freq Span Pct value In short for the special FM demodulation of ill behaved data to be enabled all three checkboxes must be set The Default Center Freq Span Pct value is set to a default value of 5 but can be changed to other values as needed The Downconverter IF Factor control is only used at the factory by Lumistar personnel and should not be changed by the user The Downconverter Utility control allows for the direct tuning of the CIF band 400 to 1150 MHz by selecting the CIF Direct Tuning Mode checkbox When this mode is not checked the operator instead must enter the actual C Band frequencies 4100 to 515
50. the upper right portion of the spectrum display There also two buttons at the bottom of the display The Pause button freezes the updating of the display until it is pressed again The Copy button makes a snapshot of the display and saves it as a JPEG file in the C Lumistar LRRS 3X User MHardcopies directory Successive presses of the Copy button will create new snapshots of the widget at different time points A DEFAULT Close App Logging Hardcopy Project Help USER NOTES Receiver 1 OPERATIONAL MODE Independent FM FM Restart amp cq Restart amp cq Bath Ch Contral ETSI Restart Aca Spectrum Recerver 1 Ch 1 CH 2 Frequency MHz 2250 50 2250 50 D K i s TE is BEEN Modulation PCM FM PCM FM PE r E Input Data Code NRL NRL ideo BW l 10 00 10 00 200 dB V 2900 Video BW MHz NTSC De emphasis a AGC Freeze 1 AGC Freeze 2 AGC TC msec 0 10 0 10 AGC Zero 1 AGC Zero 2 _AGC Zero 1 i Data Polarity Hormal Hormal Ref Lock Baen Clock Polarity vert He Ch 1 STATUS Temm DESERT 8 Pause m fi i m Tm IT I il L LL ul i jil Ik d Update Rate Hz 5 IF Level dBm c Display Mode CLEAR WRITE 0 EbNo dB 15 9 Peak Deviation 0 35 tetee Carrier Power dBm 13 84 Spectrum Carrier Freg MHz 70 0248 Spectrum i TT Bitsync fm Lock CH 2 STATUS IF Level dBim 5 1 Ebo dB 15 7 Peak Deviation 0 36 Carrier Power dm 15 91 Carrier Freg MHz 70 0737 Bitsync NEN Lock
51. to the parameter Receiver 1 OPERATIONAL MODE Independent FM FM Restart Acq Restart Acq 2 Both Ch Control Restart Acg Spectrum Receiver 1 Ch 1 Ch 1 CH2 Frequency MHz 2250 50 2250 50 Modulation PCM FM PCM FM Data Rate Mbps 8 000 8 000 Input Data Code NRZL NRZL Output Data Code NRZL NRZL SAW IF BW MHz 20 00 20 00 Video BW MHz 10 0 CH1 dB V 20 0 NTSC De emphasis AGC Freeze 2 SAW IF BW AGC TC msec 0 10 AGC TC AGC Zero 2 Data Polarity Video BW Clock Polarity imk Figure 3 6 LRRS CCP Page Secondary Parameters U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 75 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The signal polarity controls consist of two buttons for Data and Clock Inversion Selecting the Clock Invert button changes the relationship of the rising edge of the clock relative to the data Selecting the Data Invert button inverts the logic sense of the data The NTSC de emphasis filter is designed to decrease within a band of frequencies the magnitude of some usually higher frequencies with respect to the magnitude of other usually lower frequencies in order to improve the overall signal to noise ratio of the analog baseband video outputs of the LS 28 AGC Time constant and the associated RSSI voltage are related as follows The AGC voltage 1s produced by a logarithmic amplifier log amp in the IF section of the receiver The log amp has various programmable time constants that a
52. 0 MHz The Downconverter Utility control only has meaning when the LS 28 is configured with downconverter hardware that supports C Band frequencies The Global Polarity controls allow the operator to Globally invert the Clock polarity the Data polarity or both for ALL channels on the LS 28 When either of these two checkboxes are unchecked the operator can still individually invert either the clock and or data of each channel in the LS 28 from the CCP page or the individual card group setup controls U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 94 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 1 1 5 The Flt Record Setup tab is shown in Figure 3 19 below and is used to select and configure seven of the most critical receiver performance parameters for archival recording by the LRRS application These parameters include Time RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication F Car PWR IF Carrier Power in dBm F CAR Frq IF Carrier Frequency in MHz Peak Dev Peak FM Deviation FM mode only No and BER Bit Error Rate This parameter setup is used to select and configure the parameters that will be recorded by the Logging Command function described in paragraph 3 2 1 5 on page 126 Option The user selects among the seven Directory Operations Utility Unique Card Settings Fit Record Setup parameters to record by entering a Y in the Enable row in the left most column in the matrix The number of characters all
53. 00 Adjust the Output Level Vpp slider in the LS 37 GUI and note the effect on the spectral envelope Repeat this step for the BBOUT signal U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 158 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Step 8 From the LS 37 application set UD Converter 2 to downconvert mode Set the Output Frequency kHz for both channels to 2 1 MHz See Figure 4 8 on page 156 for details Step 9 Connect the FC MOD Combined 70 MHz IF output signal shown in Figure 4 6 on page 155 to the FINI 70 MHz IF input for channel 1 on the RECORDER U D CONVTR2 I O panel using a BNC jumper cable Step 10 Connect the BBOUTI baseband output for channel 1 signal shown in Figure 4 6 on page 155 to the spectrum analyzer tuned for 2 1 MHz and inspect the spectral envelope shape Make sure that the frequency span of the analyzer is slightly wider than the SAW filter value shown in the RF block of the Operation tab see Figure 3 22 on page 100 Adjust the Output Level Vpp slider in the LS 37 GUI and note the effect on the spectral envelope Procedure Upconvert Test Step 1 Turn on the LS 28 and after boot up launch the LS 37 application by double clicking on its icon in the desktop Step 2 Next launch the LRRS application by double clicking on its icon in the desktop Step 3 From the LS 37 application set UD Converter 1 to Upconvert mode for channels 1 Set the Input Frequency kHz for channel 1 to 2 1 MHz See Figur
54. 2 Input Figure 1 30 Block Diagram LS 28 R2D3 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 47 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual LS28 Architecture I O Routing Diagram osos Faceplate Interfaces CH1 CLK PCM1CLK SE CH1 DAT PCM1DAT1SE PCMCLK2SE CH2 CLK PCM2DATSE CH2 DAT ee IF1D EE aW qm CC IF2D en OT OT S IFMOD CONCI US m DMBCBOM BBAND1_1 EDICION CH1 AM es BBAND2_1 FN CH2 AM rS 10MREF CE cac CH1 AGC CH2 AGC ICLK1SE IDAT1SE ICLK2SE IDAT2SE Cw Y Y IFCOMB T u u Y ff BBAND1_2 Fae CH1IQCLK DIFF CH1IQDAT DIFF L A BBAND2_2 Pai aie all a 10MREF Rea XS L L 97 5 55212 311 152 3 2 i eee zer aued O I CH2IQCLK DIFF CH2IQDAT DIFF D Connectors DISCRETE I O MODPCM1CLK MODPCM1DAT MODPCM2CLK MODPCM2DAT CH1 IF OUT CH1 VIDEO CH2 IF OUT CH2 VIDEO IFMOD OUT AM2 AGC1 AGC2 ATATA DCVT IF1 aaa SEEE DCVT IF 2 ce ae 10MREF Raa RF1 Input RF2 Input RF3 Input RF4 Input Figure 1 31 Block Diagram LS 28 QRS U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 48 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 1 LS 27 P3 PCI 2 Channel Downconverter Board In order to more clearly understand the operation of the receiver this section will detail the various stages of the receiver design These stages are as follows lst Downconversion Ist IF Band pass Filter 1st Local Oscillator 2nd
55. 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual AGC Channel 1 e AGC 1 Linear AGC 1 y 20 361x 91 623 Channel 1 Residual Plot Residuals e AGC2 Linear AGC 2 y 20 684x 88 889 Channel 2 Residual Plot e MEM M 3 00 2 00 1 00 10490 Residuals AGC Voltage Figure 1 26 AGC 2 Linearity amp Residual Plot U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 43 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 5 3 BER Performance The purpose of this parameter is to show the bit error performance of the receiver in the presence of noise with FM and SOQPSK demodulation The FM tests were conducted at S Band 2250 5 MHz Upper L Band 1750 5 MHz and Lower L Band 1450 5 at a data rate of 8 0 MBPS The SOQPSK tests were conducted at the same frequencies at a data rate of 10 MBPS The BER performance typical for FM modulation is shown in Figure 1 27 below The BER performance typical for SOQPSK modulation is shown in Figure 1 28 on page 45 LS 28 DRS BER Performance 8 MBPS FM All Bands Combined Mode 1 00E 02 1 00E 03 1 00E 04 1 00E 05 BER 1 00E 06 1 00E 07 1 00E
56. 30 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 6 4 Quick Change Frequency Tool 1 00000 4 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 1 00000 4 00000 1 00000 1 00000 4 00000 1 00000 4 00000 Preset1 Sendt Preset2 Sendtt Preset 1 U9280103 Preset Labels Preset 2 1 00000 1 00000 4 00000 4 00000 1 00000 4 00000 4 00000 1 00000 4 00000 4 00000 4 00000 1 00000 1 00000 4 00000 4 00000 1 00000 4 00000 1 00000 1 00000 4 00000 1 00000 4 00000 1 00000 x 51 51 XI 51 41 XI XI SI RI RI a ea Channel A P n Freq MHz Bit Rate MBps 2250 50 rf 86544 4 00000 pour EE Figure 3 42 the Quick Change Frequency Tool m a c v XI XI X XI I XI I SI 9090904 Lumistar Inc Page 131 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 7 About Command The About command when invoked produces Vei She To eke Tide the information window me s mm lt eem shown below and displays the version number of the LRRS application It is often necessary when dealing with Lumistar customer support to know what the exact version of the application is for troubleshooting purposes Also it is very often the case that Lumistar personnel will need to see the contents of various error log files such as the one shown below To view a log file press the View Log button on the About window and select the Load command from the resulting windo
57. 37 shows two examples of the display for SOQPSK modulation note the display on the right is of a noisy signal To invoke the controls for the display simply place the mouse curser in the lower region and right click There are two buttons at the bottom of the display The Pause button freezes the updating of the display until it is pressed again The Copy button makes a snapshot of the display and saves it as a JPEG file in the C Lumistar LRRS_ 3X User Hardcopies directory Successive presses of the Copy button will create new snapshots of the widget at different time points A_DEFAULT Close App Logging Hardcopy Project Help USER NOTES Receiver 1 OPERATIONAL MODE Independent PSK PSK Both Ch Control sanasota oxroomeniann Receiver 1 Ch 1 Ch 1 CH2 Frequency MHz 70 00 70 00 Modulation SOQPSK TG SOQPSK TG Data Rate Mbps 7 999 8 000 Input Data Code NRZL Output Data Code NRZL SAW IF BW MHz 10 00 3 dBm 63 Video BW MHz 10 00 20 0 dB V 20 0 NTSC De emphasis AGC Freeze 1 AGC Freeze 2 AGC TC msec 0 10 AGC Z 1 AGC Zero 2 _AGC Zero 1 me Data Polarity Normal Normal RefLock amma ORE Ch 1 STATUS IF Level dBm 9 7 EbNo dB 13 5 Carrier Power dBm 14 06 Spectrum VQ Carrier Freq MHz 70 0000 Spectrum Q Bitsync BENE Lock ines Pt to Pt Jpdate Rate Hz 5 CH 2 STATUS IF Level dBm 11 7 EbNo dB 13 4 Carrier Power dBm 15 36 Carrier Freq MHz 69 9999 Bitsync BEN Lock Figure 3 8
58. 55 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 2 5 PSK FM Mode The PSK FM functional personality offers one independent PSK multi mode demodulator one independent multi symbol FM demodulator and a pre detection diversity combiner A simplified FPGA block diagram of this mode is shown in the figure below Half PSK Band Multi Mode Mixer Demod Diversity Combiner Half PCM FM Demod Band w Multi Symbol Mixer i Detect Multi Mode Data Modulator Generator Half Band Mixer Figure 1 36 Block Diagram PSK FM Mode FPGA Configuration U9280103 Lumistar Inc PCM Formatter Dual Viterbi PCM Formatter RIBERT Page 56 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 2 4 PM PSK Mode The PM PSK functional personality offers a single channel PM demodulator that 1s internally coupled to a second PSK multi mode demodulators used to support various phase modulated sub carriers A simplified FPGA block diagram of this mode is shown in the figure below PM Demod PSK ow Multi Mode RxBERT Demod Dual T Viterbi Data Generator Figure 1 37 Block Diagram PM PSK Mode FPGA Configuration 1 3 2 5 Diversity Reception The LS 35 employs a pre detection maximal ratio diversity combiner It accepts two IF inputs typically 70 MHz that hopefully have independent or complementary fading usually from separate polarizations or completely separate antennas The most significant performance im
59. 8 supports a variety of output code types including NRZL NRZM NRZS BIOL BIOM amp BIOS The Output Code item invokes the complete list from which the operator selects U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 74 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 3 Secondary Parameters The Secondary Parameters functional area see Figure 3 3 on page 71 include SAW IF BW AGC TC Video BW NTSC De emphasis Data Polarity and Clock Polarity The Secondary Parameters block has information associated with the down conversion process to 70 MHz as well as the analog FM demodulation performed by the LS 69 card see paragraph 1 2 2 2 1 on page 28 and paragraph 1 3 3 on page 64 for more information on the LS 69 The default values of many of the secondary parameters displayed are based upon the primary parameters mentioned above in paragraph 3 1 1 1 2 on page 73 as well as the Operational mode The GUI does allow the operator to change some of the values of these secondary parameters but this is recommended only for advanced users Specifically the secondary parameters that the operator can change include SAW IF BW MHz second downconverter IF bandwidth in MHz AGC TC msec automatic gain control time constant in microseconds and Video BW MHz analog FM demodulated video filter band width in MHz To indicate that any of the secondary parameters have been changed from their default values a double asterisk will be displayed next
60. CCP Page Dual Channel LS 28 DRS with Constellation Display Selected U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 79 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 6 OScope Displays Regardless of the operational mode the CCP page supports a multi channel oscilloscope functionality that enables the operator to monitor several important internal signals associated with the operation of the system red rectangle below These signals include Baseband AM AGC and a GND reference for each receiver channel For multi channel systems the user clicks on the GRP button to select the desired card group and the CH button to select the desired channel within the group A_DEFAULT Close App Logging Hardcopy Project Help Reload Firmware USER NOTES Receiver 1 OPERATIONAL MODE Independent FM FM SI Restart Acg Restart Acg z Both Ch Control cxx Receiver1 Ch1 CH2 Frequency MHz 2250 50 2250 50 ere D 0 108 us V 5 Modulation PCM_FM PCM_FM Ref02v Data Rate Mbps 8 000 7 999 Output Data Code NRZL NRZL 7 1 IL p SAW IF BW MHz 20 00 20 00 San aN ans Video BW MHz 10 00 10 00 NTSC De emphasis E AGC Freeze 1 AGC Freeze 2 AGCTC msec 0 10 0 10 AGC Z 1 AGC Z 2 _AGCZero1 AGCZero2 Data Polarity Normal Normal Clock Polarity Invert Invert Ch 1 STATUS IF Level dBm 3 3 EbNo dB 15 8 Peak Deviation 0 35 Carrier Power dBm 13 85 Spectrum Carrier Freq MHz 70 0253 Spectrum T Bi
61. CH 2 Data Code CARD 3 CH 2 5m so ES CARD 4 Mode Independent CARD 4 CH 1 Frequency MHz 1435 0 Modulation SOGPSK Data Rate Mbps i po 15 15 Data Code CARD 4 CH 2 agde MHz d a Frequency MHz peus Frequency MHz 1435 0 harp ias MHz 1435 0 Modulat Modulation SOGPSK Modulation SOGPSK Modulati SOGPSK Data ds EUM 2 000 5 Data Code RNRZ 15 1435 00 MHz 1435 00 1435 00 MHz 1435 00 1435 00 MHz 1435 00 MHz Dur 00 PSK REVR UE PSK RCVRH PSK PSK RCVR RCVR PSK 1 0000 Mbps 1 0000 1 0000 Mbps 1 0000 1 0000 Mbps 1 0000 1 0000 Lon 1 0000 NRZL PCM In NRZL NRZL PCM In NRZL NRZL PCMIn NRZL NRZL MIn NRZL 155 Eb No 18 0 18 5 Eb No 135 16 5 Eb No 19 0 18 5 ERANA 19 0 1435 00 PSK FRZ Rz Erz FRZ MAA ez FRZ AR ez FRZ Operations Tab Figure 3 50 System Level Setup Window Lrrs_3x System Mode File view oH s 51L3 5128 soll 59 BENI CARD 1 CARD 2 CARD 3 STATUS OPERATIONS j Mode Independent Mode Independent Mode Independent CARD 1 CH 1 CARD 2 CH 1 CARD 3 CH 1 Frequency MHz 1435 RE Frequency MHz D Frequency MHz 1435 0 Modulation SOGP Modulation SOGPSK Modulation SOGPSK Data Rate Mbps 2 ong Data Rate Mbps 2 000 Data Rate Mbps 2 000 RNRZ Data due ME a Data Rate Aa 2 000 Data Rate Mbps 2 000 Data Code ata D de The System Level Setup window has two tabs Status and Operations The Status tab shown above left displays a vertical bar graph representing the RF input power level dBm
62. CM1DAT1SE PCMCLK2SE CH2 CLK PCM2DATSE CH2 DAT ae BBAND1_1 aaa CH1 AM MICNKCNNCBBAND2 12MNCHBCHINC CH2 AM ICIBCHBCBC 10MREF MBCHBCHBCH CH1 AGC CH2 AGC g d l Ued O I O C i pa CH1 I QCLK DIFF CH1 I QDAT DIFF ee CH2 QCLK DIFF CH2 I QDAT DIFF D Connector MODPCM1CLK MODPCM1DAT MODPCM2CLK MODPCM2DAT CH1 IF OUT CH1 VIDEO CH2 IF OUT CH2 VIDEO 10M I O IFMOD OUT AM1 AM2 AGC1 AGC2 EU CVT IE 1 2 mu Facta DCVT IF2 METETE uacua 1OMREF Mull RF1 Input RF2 Input Figure 1 29 Block Diagram LS 28 DRS U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 46 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual LS28 Architecture I O Routing Diagram In chassis Interfaces CH1 IFIN CH1 IFOUT CH2 IFIN CH2 IFOUT IFMOD COMB OUT EEUU IF M OD IRR CCP BBAND 1 Poe PCMICLK SE PCM1DATISE PCMCLK2SE PCM2DATSE CH1 CLK CH1 DAT CH2 CLK CH2 DAT COMB CLK COMB DAT CECI BBAND2 CC a sl 1O0MREF Es P n J BBAND3 mmm E E 10MREFIESIE SET el SS M M cuc mr wow IR IG IN ar DR IRIG IN 10M REFIO CH1 AM CH2 AM CH1 AGC CH2 AGC COMB AGC CH1 IF OUT CH1 VIDEO CH2 IF OUT CH2 VIDEO COMB VIDEO AC 10M REF IO aca AM1 AM2 AGCi AGCZ BB Video 1 2 Comb gt S lt Oo A o ie a a a T r 2 3 9 E e t O a Pd wo g a a g2 iem Q D o D Connectors 3 DCVT IF1 I DCVT IF2 CIC CU RF1 Input RF
63. Carrier Output KHz frequency 70 MHz Carrier Input kHz frequency and Output Level Vpp are displayed UD Converter 2 Setup File gt B_DEFAULT E xJ UD Converter 2 Setup File gt B DEFAULT xj File Fi io Reload FPGA i Reset i Reload FPGA Mode bu U pconvert Input Freg kHz ie L 89 3 Carrier Out kHz TO0O000 0 Mode Dow nconvert Carrier Qut kHz 5 0 Carrier In kHz T0000 0 OutputLevel Vpp 2 0 Carrier In kHz 5 0 Output Level dBm 20 0 ETE Setup Output Freq kHz 5 0 Output Level Vpp 2 0 One Channel Upconverter setup One Channel Downconverter setup Figure 4 9 Possible LS 37 P50 Setup Configurations U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 157 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Procedure Downconvert Test Step 1 Turn on the LS 28 and after boot up launch the LS 37 application by double clicking on its icon in the desktop Step 2 Next launch the LRRS application by double clicking on its icon in the desktop Step 3 Once the LRRS application has started dismiss the CCP page if it is running and from the main LRRS launch banner invoke the Operation tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 1 1 on page 99 and set the tuner frequency for both channels in the group to any single frequency that the LS 28 1s capable of tuning Set the modulation mode to Combined FM a firmware load change may be required and set the data rate to 1 MBPS Step 4 Set up the RF signal gen
64. D ROM drive The make model number of the drives varies as of the date of manufacture The size of the hard drive ranges from 500 GB to 1 TB again depending on the date of manufacture Per customer requirement the system hard drive can have one or two NTFS partitions The LS 28 chassis is also equipped with a SATA CD ROM or DVD ROM drive Examples of both are shown in Figure 1 7 below Hard Disk Drive CD ROM Drive Figure 1 7 Typical SATA Hard Disk Drive amp CD ROM Drive used in the LS 28 The Serial ATA SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment is a computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives Serial ATA was designed to replace the older parallel ATA standard often called by the old name IDE offering several advantages over the older interface including reduced cable size and cost 7 conductors instead of 40 native hot swapping faster data transfer through higher signaling rates and more efficient transfer through an optional I O queuing protocol SATA devices communicate via a high speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors Upon customer request the LS 28 system can also be configured with a solid state hard drive with a SATA interface U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 20 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 4 CPU Motherboard LS 28 DRS The dual channel LS 28 systems are configured with a multi core Int
65. Diagram T 5 2S R2D9 iio e oc EO et perpe I IUE 47 Figure 1 3 Block Diaprant E5 25 ORS in ebrio ase e Een MERE SERE RR Etpa c rae to stacy 48 Figure 1 32 Block Diagram LS 27 P3 Downconverter cccsesessseesseseesseesesseeeeens 50 Figure 1 33 Block Diagram LS 35 Demodulator Combiner 53 Figure 1 34 Block Diagram FM FM Mode FPGA Configuration 54 Figure 1 35 Block Diagram PSK PSK FPGA Configuration ueeeesessse 55 Figure 1 36 Block Diagram PSK FM Mode FPGA Configuration sssss 56 Figure 1 37 Block Diagram PM PSK Mode FPGA Configuration sss 57 Figure 1 38 Block Diagram Diversity Combiner FPGA Implementation 58 Figure 1 39 Theoretical Combining Gain Relative to the Strongest Signal 60 Figure 1 40 Block Diagram LS 69 S Signal Routing Board sssse 64 Figure 2 1 1295 25 SMPN COHN lue oes rou aspi DI aca eae ieee 66 Figure 3 1 CCP Page for the Dual Channel LS 28 DRS FM Mode 69 Figure 3 2 CCP Page for the Quad Channel LS 28 QRS FM Mode 70 Figure 3 3 Anatomy or the C CP Page eie rr ie ES ERE EEUU oa n t RUNE NEUE 71 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page vill April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Figure 3 4 LRRS CCP Page Modes of Operation
66. F spectral displays bit error reader and onboard 70 MHz test modulator are included Legacy demodulation of analog NTSC FM signals is also included Since telemetry data is not routed through the system s PCI bus the LS 28 can process high data rate streams with little or no impact to the processing load of the CPU Unlike analog legacy receivers the LS 28 is a true software defined radio whose digital implementation is highly flexible and expandable The unit provides single dual tri quad band operation utilizing Lumistar s LS 27 series dual channel quad band down converter in a single PCI slot The IF receiver combiner functionality is realized within a single PCI card utilizing a state of the art digital processing engine and can operate as a single or dual channel receiver combiner Depending on the model number PAL Video Optional U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 12 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The standard LS 28 receiver processes data rates from 10 kbps to 30 Mbps for PCM FM 10 Kbps to 20 Mbps for BPSK amp PCM PM and up to 30 Mbps for QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK Higher data rates are available as an option The LS 28 sensitivity and adjacent channel interference performance are superior due to the analog IF SAW and digital FIR filtering method employed to the IF By using this filtering method IF bandwidths are optimally set by software as a function of data rate PCM code and modulation format
67. GC Zero button A DEFAULT The nominal condition of the Ref Lock LED is Green while an error condition 1s indicated with a Yellow color The Yellow Ref Lock indicates a fatal error with the 10 MHz reference signal input to the LS 27 associated with the card group and while this error condition is active the LS 27 will no longer be able to tune correctly zem di The AGC Freeze function serves to fix the AR AGC voltage at a given RF power level thus Picea es fixing or freezing the gain of the receiver This ES has the effect of placing the receiver out of gor goes Auto AGC mode and placing it in to a Linear Gain Mode When in AGC Freeze Rel Lock ENIM mode the 70 MHz IF output power will vary IUOS PASO UT uu Xeeuss E linearly as a function of the RF input power within the limits of the receiver components linear operating range This mode 1s generally employed for system G T G over T tests Note that Lumistar has a stand alone application that performs the necessary receiver setup controls and calculations to accurately measure G T For more information on G T tests please consult the Factory The AGC Zero function is used in many applications where it is required to zero or calibrate the AGC voltage by forcing its value to 0 volts for a given fixed RF input level This zeroing function does not change the slope of the AGC voltage versus RF power but serves only to force the AGC voltage to 0 00 volts for the power le
68. I eo Db Voltage dBw Db to Voltage Ratio Reversed Bits Wave Length VSWR Wave Length Return Loss Freq GHz ad Parbolic Antenna Gain ieflector Coe Mass Ju RF Horizon Rotated Left Bits Rotated Right Bits Dish Diameter ft ki k Freq MHz Resonant Freq GHz dBm to Watts Dish Gain dbi MT dBw to Watts Dish HPBWw deg C pF Watts to dBm Watts to dBw wos Comp IEEE 754 Float esee ffset Binary MilStd 1750 Float RF Horizon IN mi Ela omp i DEC Float Resonant Frequency cd DE Bit Rate grass EMEN eS MonNRZL Code ms SoS From To 1435 0 IF Filter kHz Double To Hex 1710 0 T f Hex To Double 2200 0 Video Filter kHz i 2185 0 Number Tab Figure 3 37 the Measurement Calculation Tool RF Number U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 128 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The measurement calculator has eight tabs across the top of the window that includes RF Number Math Trig Date Time WG 84 Misc PCM Data and Doppler Fader The use of each tab is fairly self exclamatory and is not described in detail here IMeastalcII Ver 2 18 Eal MeasCalcI Hardcopy About Hardcopy About RF Number RF ex p AUTE E 00000000 iiie Gregorian Date 000000000 500000000 egrees Julian Date Power x exp Radians Time of Day Time of Year IG Time of Year 970 Time 1958 Time Is Leap Year Month of Year Cos X Tan x eee MeastCalcII Ver
69. IF outputs provided one is always a DAGC controlled output The other is selectable between DAGC Out and the Hardware Limited Out mode In the IF Receiver block upper right portion of the Operation tab there can be one or two sub tabs shown two 1f LRRS is in Factory mode The primary tab of interest is the IF sub tab In this sub tab there are a plethora of secondary parameters that may be of interest to U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 101 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual advanced users The GUI allows the user to change any of the parameters listed in the table below this is recommended only for advanced users In general the default values are correct for most applications and should not be changes In addition to these secondary parameters there are four measured parameters associated with the operational state of the demodulator These include IF Level dBm E No dB Carrier Power dBm and Carrier Freq MHz Displayed at the bottom of the IF Receiver block these parameters are continuously measured and updated and are a good indicator of the health of the signal Table 3 1 IF Receiver Secondary Parameters Bit Sync Acq 1 0 Default LBW 96 Bit Sync Trk 1 0 Default LBW 96 Carrier IF Calculated Filter BW based upon MHz multiple factors Carrier Freq 70 MHz MHz Default Carrier Acq 50 000 Hz Range MHz Default Carrier Acq UNAIDED Mode PSK or FFT Only U9280103 The func
70. K 9550 0 01110214 PM PSK 9550 0 01110214 LumiMcs PSK PSK 9550 1 01110214 3 20 2012 9 04 AM 3 20 2012 9 05 AM 3 20 2012 9 06 AM 3 20 2012 9 01 AM LUMIMCS Fi UMIMCS Fi e Text Document e ext Document 4 DriverTools 4 System 4 ErLogs 4 HardwareConfiguration PSK PSK 9550 1 01110214 LumiMcs 3 20 2012 9 01 AM LUMIMCS File d Options 4 SIMLS69SCOPEDATA 4 L User 4 ArchiveData 4 EventLogs do Hardcopies 4 SetupFiles 4 UserTools d PerfLogs Program Files Users BA Mie cd mace J 8 items Figure 4 11 the LS 35 Firmware Files amp Their Location 4 4 1 3 Updating the LS 27 DSP Firmware After May 2011 it became possible to update the DSP firmware in the LS 27 by running a special re flashing program on the target machine The re flashing program Ls27V3DspFlasher exe is located in the LRRS root directory shown in Figure 4 10 and when invoked produces the setup window shown left in Figure 4 12 below From the setup window the user selects the updated DSP File by clicking on the file select button red square and entering the file name in the resulting pop up window shown below right The user then checks the Flash Update Enable checkbox and then clicks the Flash DSP button that appears to begin the update It is critically important that this process NOT be interrupted or else the LS 27 will be turned into a brick and have to be returned to the factory
71. LLEBSEIOL Widi ih conoce ooi eo pe etes a webs 137 302 2 4 SEHIUS W AOE a ee nee diac atus 138 3 2 3 SS LCMV IBI m 139 3 2 4 WHC SCOPE WV OCU iach es cs te Nea oe atta edis essence alee cede 140 4 System Mantenan e oiu db eee p ER EEUU aS uM oue eu dad 145 4 INTRODUCTION NM c m 145 4 1 1 LES EGUNEN REGTE ETI TEET naque Rei tai tub da tee vds dun 145 47 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE s ceeties qitod tus aono de au qu eben uda nde oU de a Du Un 146 4 2 1 VISual TAS DCCIION esie ee beu Re cera ELS EE 146 4 2 2 USUS pn Em 146 4 2 3 ID ROI ro ORC 147 4 2 4 Operating Systemi D DOQIES sisira n telah odo adeste ds 147 4 3 PERFORMANCE TESTING prie s poeniteat UO tbid SE tit 149 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page v April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 4 3 1 Internal Loop back Test with I O Signal Verification 149 4 3 1 1 LS 37 Telemetry Recorder Up amp Downconverter I O Signal V eriticatiom tor the R2D39 ODIY eeose o a EOR E 153 4 3 1 1 1 Three Channel Down Conversion LH RH amp Combined 154 4 3 1 1 2 Two Channel Up Conversion LH amp RH 155 4 3 1 1 3 The Standalone L S 37 Application eeeeeeeees 156 4 3 2 AM AGC and RF Signal Strength I ndication eeeessusse 160 4 3 3 Receiver Threshold amp Combiner Improvement seeseeseuse 162 AA RECURRING MAINTENANCE cecer cutee ssi
72. Power Buttons USB Ports Power amp Hard Drive Activity LEDs Figure 1 5 Front Panel Assembly U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 18 April 3 2013 v All LS 28 chassis are equipped with a 500 Watt ATX style AC power supply similar to the one shown in Figure 1 6 below The make model number of the power supply varies as of the date of manufacture The system power supply converts primary 110 220 VAC to low voltage regulated DC power for the internal components of the computer as well as all of the motherboard It also provides a signal to the motherboard to indicate when the DC power lines are correct so that the computer can begin to boot up While an ATX power supply is connected to the main AC supply it provides a 5 V stand by 5VSB line so that the standby custom Lumistar CCAs The ATX power supply is turned on and off by a signal from the functions on the computer and certain peripherals remain powered LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 2 System Power Supply TAR Bek AAA Gite hens and 3 oO e an cD de c3 ve cD N tap oF oF gt N D z e A cD QS un gt N 2 gt gt N p lt lt E oF 2 e T A 2m L Page 19 April 3 2013 Lumistar Inc U9280103 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 3 SATA Hard Disk Drive amp CD ROM Drive All LS 28 chassis are equipped with a SATA hard disk drive and CD ROM or DV
73. RECORDER U D CONY 1 O9 c I c OHOR Q E RECORDER U D CONV2 O Q S rour se gt n ea nm T E o E D U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 155 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 4 3 1 1 3 The Standalone LS 37 Application After launching the LS 37 standalone application configure the cards by selecting the Setup command The Setup command has one sub command Card Setup This sub command in turn will produce a list of all LS 37 cards installed in the system The typical configuration shown below will consist of one LS 37 P95 and one LS 37 P50 card To setup each card the user selects the card from the list The resulting setup windows for the LS 37 P95 are shown below in Figure 4 8 The setup windows for the LS 37 P50 are shown below in Figure 4 9 on page 157 d Ls37UDCvt Ver 2 03 F 042084011161 Tools About Factory UD Converter 1 UD Converter 2 UD Converter The LS 37 P95 card can support either two separate down converter channels each independent of the other OR one up converter channel The two channel downconverter scenario 1s shown below left The one channel upconverter case LS 37 P50 is shown below right UD Converter 1 Setup File A DEFAULT x UD Converter 1z Setup File A DEFAULT Xx 4 Reload FPGA i 4 Reload FPGA Status Status Downconvert Carrier Qut kHz pconvert Carrier Qut kHz T0000 0 Output Freq kHz s0 Carrier I
74. RF bands The model numbering scheme for the LS 28 family of receivers is documented in Table 1 2 below 1 2 3 1 LS 28 Models amp Variants Table 1 2 LS 28 Variants Model Numbers Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and PCM PM Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK AUQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 DRS M6 X Multi Symbol PCM FM and SOQPSK Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 DRS M4 XX Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK AUQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 DRS M6 XX Multi Symbol PCM FM and SOQPSK Tri Band Configurations LS 28 DRS M1 XXX Multi Symbol PCM FM demod format LS 28 DRS M2 XXX SOQPSK only LS 28 DRS M3 XXX Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 DRS MA XXX Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK AUQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 DRS M6 XXX Multi Symbol PCM FM and SOQPSK Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and PCM PM Quad Chann OOO Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and PCM PM Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK AUQPSK and PCM PM U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 37 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Table 1 2 LS 28 Variants Model Numbers LS 28 QRS M6 X Multi Symbol PCM FM and SOQPSK Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 QRS M4 XX Multi Symbol PCM FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK AUQPSK and PCM PM LS 28 QRS M6 XX Multi Symbol PCM FM and
75. S 28 R2D3 are shown in Figure 1 14 below The names of the signals on the AUXI AUX2 amp AUXC connectors are shown in the table below the figure RECORDER U D CONV ELKE LU i TAR IFIM 1 BBOUT 1 x V ama M a eM ra of Oa C r a i JAQ wx aa USB 1 Ti LT d E ry 5 N j 1 T A 7 F i 2T EF a LET n A k h i i s CT d IDER WD CONV ALL C IF C MOD FIN ge BBOUT x SOMA b um es a eI r EN MA AS o ns C tal f o 5 c up c i IRIG IN Ye gt Le y p oes ns CLK1 DAT 1 QCLK1 MODCLK1 Ground CLK1i DAT 1 QDAT1 MODDAT1 Figure 1 14 LS 28 Rear I O Panel Assembly LS 28 R2D3 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 27 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 2 LS 28 Custom Circuit Card Assemblies CCAs The LS 28 family of receivers all employ multiple custom designed Lumistar circuit card assemblies which are summarized in the table below The quantities of each CCA type are included Each custom CCA are presented in the following numbered paragraphs to familiarize the user with appearance connectors etc Table 1 1 LS 28 Circuit Card Assemblies DRS QRS R2D3 QTY QT QTY Y LS 69 S Signal Routing Board Pdf bf od LS 69 PS Power Supply Board for LS 69 S i tf tS LS 27 P3 PCI Multi Band 2 Channel Downconverter 2 LS 35 PCI Multi Mode Digital Demodulator Combiner re 2 1
76. The Standard sub mode produces a 2 Vpp signal into 50 Ohms at 50 modulation When the Custom sub mode is selected an additional slider control will appear on the configuration display The AM Output Level slider control allows the user to manually alter the output voltage level of the AM output Note that no additional feedback is provided in the configuration display as the slider 1s adjusted The actual voltage levels of the AM signal will need to be measured via some form of external instrumentation volt meter oscilloscope etc as the slider is adjusted Also note that the AM output level is not associated with LRRS but is included in the setup GUI for those users that intend to use the LS 25 or LS 27 downconverter card s in conjunction with an external antenna controller The AM LPF low pass filter control allows the user to select the AM filter cutoff frequency from 100 Hz to 50 000 Hz in 100 Hz increment steps The filtering 1s applied to the AM signal prior to output U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 111 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 2 6 AGC Controls The AGC controls has three possible selections Standard Custom and User Defined In Standard mode the AGC voltage will vary from 0 volts to 4 Vdc over the entire 0 dBm to 110 dBm power level range In the Custom mode the user may select an AGC Slope Range of either Positive Slops or Negative Slops The voltage ranges are summarized in the ta
77. To de fragment the system hard dive once again go to the Tools tab on the hard drives Properties window and click on the Defragment Now button This will invoke the Disk Defragmenter window Click on the Analyze button and the tool will analyze the selected drive to see if it needs to be de fragmented or not If it does go ahead and defragment the drive Warning on large capacity drives like the one installed in the LS 28 the process of de fragmentation can take a long time to complete Be patient 4 2 4 Operating System Updates If the LS 28 system is NEVER going to be connected to a network then it is probably not absolutely necessary that the Windows operating system on the unit be updated to the latest security and functional patches that Microsoft puts out on the second Tuesday of each month via its Automatic Update feature Before the LS 28 system is first delivered to the customer it will have been updated to the latest security patch from Microsoft However the automatic update function on the operating system will be turned off and it 1s up to the customer to turn it back on again after delivery of the system However if the LS 28 is going to be connected to a network then it is very highly recommended that the customer does turn on the automatic update feature in the operating system and update the system to the latest security patches It 1s also highly recommended that the user periodically runs the Microsoft Malicious So
78. When invoked for the first time the widget display page comes up empty and is in essence a blank canvas To this empty page the user may add graphical objects called widgets These graphical objects include Spectral Displays Constellation Displays Received Signal Strength Indication RSSI strip chart displays and Status Displays All are contained within the confines of the Widget Display Page which may be re sized by the user Samples of each display widget type are shown in Figure 3 45 below Each widget type is described in more detail in the following numbered paragraphs PCH Em 50 00 CH2 dBm 51 00 Figure 3 45 Display Widget Examples U9280103 LS3x Card 1 IQ RC R 1 Combiner Mode Frequency Hz Modulation Carrier Lock Carrier Freq MHz Carrier Power dBm AM Frea faz AM Index 991 Data Rate Mbps Eb r Mo agn Data Code Combiner Made Measured Moise Ch 1 114 350 Ch 2 414 008 RF Level dBm REF Lock Independent 2250 0 SORPSK T Locked 70 00 14 78 D 3 10 000 13 974 MRZL Spatial SNR d5 31 040 30 588 53 9 Locked Lumistar Inc Page 134 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 2 1 Spectrum Widget The Spectrum Display Widget is shown in the figure below and is divided into several regions In the upper portion of the window 1s the graphical data display area where the spectrum graphs are generated Also in the upper left portion of the sp
79. a E EE H LEM NEL 1 Ret Lock mum A Pty eee CH15TATUS chi status RECEIVER 1 Semen F Level Fen RCVR 2 ET C ile RE One Power crim 017 ig Carrier Freq MHz 705130 spen pe 4 4 ALITUR TE E genre ES Les srt _ LL bL BEST ES oc seeps CH 2 STATUS CH4STATUS IF Level dBm TE I F Level Beni Jn 184 16 1 Gorrie Pree dam 214 05 Tk RR Cnr ranr ciem 14 45 go carrier Frey MHz 70 5003 RO ca emp u h Ce ren MEI RR dar erat ES Lxx AMWr tos Denge and Secunty Salubons Company Pasyne GR Lote Figure 3 2 CCP Page for the Quad Channel LS 28 QRS FM Mode U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 70 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 Anatomy of the CCP Page The CCP page has six different functional areas as shown in Figure 3 3 below The CCP page shown in the figure is for the dual channel LS 28 configuration The quad channel LS 28 configuration 1s similar and has all of the same functional elements The functional areas of the CCP page include Operational Mode Primary Parameters Secondary Parameters Spectrum Constellation OScope Displays Channel Status Display and RF amp AGC Status Display Each functional area is described in more detail in the following numbered paragraphs A DEFAULT Close App Logging Hardcopy Project USER NOTES Operational Mode
80. a known Direct or Combiner Input Source frequency offset in the output signal for testing purposes In normal operation however the user should not change the carrier frequency from the default Sweep Offset Value If the test modulator 1s in Sweep mode this parameter value shows the Hz current frequency value in Hz Carrier Value The output power level of the modulator may be adjusted by the user by invoking Amplitude the Carrier Amplitude command and entering the desired level in dBm The output dBm power level may be set anywhere between 0 dBm and 80 dBm The modulator parameter setup GUI also has a slider control for the carrier amplitude Modulation Direct PSK or The modulator in LRRS can support both direct carrier modulation DIR PSK and Mode Subcarrier subcarrier modulation SUBCAR The user specifies one or the other by invoking the Modulation Mode command The default mode is direct carrier modulation Selection of certain modulation modes will affect some of the commands available in the modulation parameters menu The SUBCAR mode for example will enable all of the subcarrier modulation parameters Note also that the SUBCAR mode will automatically set the modulation type to the PM mode Modulation Select from list The modulator in LRRS can support a variety of formats The complete list of Type formats is shown right The Modulation Type command allows the user to specify which modulation format t
81. al Output Invert Enable The user may opt to logically invert the logic sense of the final data outputs Post PCM Encoder by invoking the Output Invert Enable checkbox This will invert both the I amp Q data outputs Stream 1 Stream 2 Invert Invert Output Output 1 Q CH 1 Q CH 1 Q CH Bit Syne Interleave Viterbi PCM Decoder Encoder Q CH Q CH Bit Syne Viterbi PCM Decoder Encoder Figure 3 27 Post Demodulation Stream Routing Stream Stream 2 3 2 1 4 2 4 Viterbi Functionality The setup parameters for the Viterbi decoder functionality are shown in the Viterbi block in the upper right of the Outputs tab To invoke the setup menu place the mouse cursor within the Viterbi block and right click The resulting menu allows the user to enter the requisite parameters necessary to set up the Viterbi decoder for the detection and correction of random errors in the demodulated data The following paragraphs describe in more detail each of the Viterbi decoder setup parameters Viterbi Decoder Enable Checkbox To enable the error detection correction features of the bit synchronizer the user must check the Viterbi Decoder Enable checkbox This turns on the Viterbi decoder function and causes the Viterbi block to appear on the Outputs tab upper right The Viterbi Lock indicator turns green when the decoder has locked onto the code sequence As the decoder detects and corrects errors the performance of the decoder is displayed as an err
82. ample Error Log Display 3 2 1 8 Factory Command The main Factory command under normal X Lrrs_3x Ver 1 30yF 221 16 22 35 715 circumstances does not even show up in the QJ sisten Projet view setup Toos About Factory CARD 1 i o gat lia d menu of commands in the LRRS application 7 ooo E b b launch banner and the user never sees it It is sn only documented here for completeness Factory mode is used by Lumistar personnel when installing the application and for specific troubleshooting procedures In very rare circumstances a user may be directed by customer support to place the application into Factory mode for troubleshooting purposes The details of this process will not be described here Set RTL Log Mask U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 132 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Also when the LRRS application is in Factory mode the appearance of some of the setup windows will be different An example of this 1s shown for the R2D3 variant in Figure 3 44 below Receiver 1 Setup File gt 4 xj Receiver 1 Setup File gt 1 EN 2 lt PSK Independent Mode PSK Combined Mode Figure 3 44 Operation Tab Appearance While in Factory Mode R2D3 Variant U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 133 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 2 Widget Display Pages Each card group installed in the system has a Widget Display Page associated with it
83. ansmit UDP User Datagram Protocol USB Universal Serial Bus VAC Volts AC Alternating Current VGA Video Graphics Array VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 170 April 3 2013
84. ar Inc Page 33 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual LS3x Rear lO Panels i5 JR1 Mating Connector 2x16 0 1 Socket Center Keyed JR5 Nang Connector 2x18 0 1 Socket Center Esa 1 Modulator I Clock lator I Clock 5 wr 2 Gmwd L3 waemrixm pm L5 Modus areis E aS 6 Ground J 7 Modulator Q Data tm 3 PAs Spare o ww io Ground 1 11 PAs Spae 1 Geund 1 13 PAB Spa 1 Ground 1 15 PAT Spar Umm Ww Tx E E han Masia Connector 2x16 0 1 Socket Center e ayei KALLA pee um reem co 1 3 ROVRITUsa 9 Um a S p 3 5 ROVRIQcok 9 wm 8 Gomd 1 7 RCVRiGDaa 9 Um 15 RCVR2 Q Data ENT i d 1 JRA ere Connector 2x18 D 1 Socket Center Keyed Ba Or n L2 Ground 1 3 Modulator I Ciok f f m mr EAL i i 5 Modulator Data g wr 5 Grwd 3 J JT 7 Modulator I Data C mr 8 Grumd ee 9 Modulator Q Clock m mre a eaa es ae 11 Modulator Q Clock h mr i2 Ground nd iS MedwasraDaa r a CATE es 15 Modulator Q Data g m mr 16 Gmund oaaae ao 4 JR4 Mating Connector 2x18 0 1
85. ate for a know frequency offset in the input signal that 1s not caused by Doppler 1 e the frequency offset is fixed and not changing In normal operation the user should not change the carrier frequency from the default of 70 MHz Fixed Noise Ch1 amp Ch2 Used in concert with the Noise Estimation mode command described above the Fixed Noise Chl amp Ch2 commands allow the user to independently measure the random noise component of each input signal and enter the noise value in dBm Hz After the new noise values have been entered the user must then initiate a noise calibration cycle by clicking on the Calibrate Fixed Noise button described in the next paragraph In normal operation this is not recommended to change the noise level as the combiner s ability to measure the noise power per unit bandwidth No is very accurate Calibrate Fixed Noise Button Pressing this button begins a calibration measurement of the noise floor for both input channels Reset Button Pressing this button resets the entire SNR measurement phase rotation amplitude adjustment process U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 63 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 3 LS 69 S Signal Routing Board The LS 69 S Signal Routing CCA is the true heart of any LS 28 system It supports either one or two card groups and provides a plethora of different functions for the LS 28 The block diagram for the LS 69 S is shown in Figure 1 40 below Front Pan
86. aximum range of the AGC signal provided by the LS28 receiver is from 4V to 4V The AGC signal can be programmed for a positive slope or negative slope as a function of rising falling RF power The linearity Adb AV of the AGC voltage versus RF power is typically within 50 mV of a perfect straight line see paragraph 1 2 5 1 on page 42 The more linear the AGC voltage versus RF power the better the auto tracking performance or accuracy of the RSSI recorded versus time plot RSSI typically used for post mission analysis Historically most legacy ACUs would be set up to accept an AGC signal with a fixed 20 dB per volt slope The receiver AGC signal would provide 0 volts at the minimum RF level typically at the system noise floor when antenna is receiving nothing but Cold Sky signal power and would provide 4 volts with an RF input of 80 dB above the Cold Sky level Most legacy analog receivers did not have programmable AGC thus they were usually factory fixed to always provide the 20 dB V slope Modern ACU and digital receivers such as the LS28 both provide programmable AGC voltages so it is important in auto tracking applications to insure they are working calibrated together This test verifies the AM and AGC signals on the rear I O panel see Figure 4 4 on page 151 as well as the RF signal strength GUI indicators are functioning The operator uses some of the test equipment called out in Figure 4 1 on page 149 The de
87. band Ian a aut Qux be due n ba ROM RUE e ERE 164 4 4 1 Updating the Operational Software sss 164 4 4 1 1 Updating the LRRS application eese 165 4 4 1 2 Updating the LS 35 Firmware Files eese 165 4415 Upda inpihe LS 27 DSP PItitwate usaseie tive e Reden eet 166 5 X Appendix A List of Abbreviations amp Acronyms eese 168 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page vi April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual List of Tables Table I 1 D 5 28 Circuit Card ASSembli68 55e obe otis estuve Un De R Ete ones 28 Tabl 1 2 LS 28 Variants Model NUMDETS oen ete ntu a ead t ee ta aao Put eu otio 37 Table 1 3 LS 28 Performance Specifications 25 eoe EP E eH coe ER Pe EIS d EGER UE 39 fable 1 4 Typical AGC Output Line rtity ii icio Cot ee deae sos desde o ruo tob EE 42 Table 1 5 Typical VSWR Performance multiple bands sessssssss 42 Table 2a D5 25 Packin9 LAG Ue secrete ccs tb d atte A E T 66 Table 3 1 IF Receiver Secondary Parameters esses 102 Table 3 2 Test Modulator Paramelets se eir PEE RRRRRMR I RD E epa DEI 115 Table 3 3 Test Modulator Sweep Parameters ccccccccccssssssecccceeeecaaeseeeeecceeeeeaaaeeeees 116 Table 5 4 Test Modulator Data SOUIC6 iii eret enne nate pe tete eben aeuo n na 116 Table 3 5 Test Modulator TX BERT Parameters eesssssseeeeeeeennnmneenne 116 Tabl
88. bined signal Signals with the same SNR will be combined with equal strength The combiner operates at baseband and can combine signals of any modulation type A block diagram 1s shown below SNR A Estimate Filter to Phase Adj Amp Adj Signal BW A A CIC amp FIR I QY I 69 LP Fitter L e o oman dl 9 1 15 Rotate R LP Filter x cos w t J Complex cos w t Mix NCO wW ee BM 2 altis Phase Adj Amp Adj B B SNR B Estimate Figure 1 38 Block Diagram Diversity Combiner FPGA Implementation U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 58 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Configuration parameters for the combiner are e Input Center Frequency e Signal Bandwidth e Time Constant Controls how fast the combiner adapts fast fade rates work better with a small time constant e Noise Estimation Mode Fixed or Auto e Noise Estimate for each channel when in auto Status parameters include a read back of the configuration parameters and the following additional read only parameters e Noise Estimate for each channel e SNR Estimate for each channel Performance The theoretical improvement when combining two fading channels with independent additive white Gaussian noise AWGN is SNR 10 log 1 10 dB relative to the higher of the two input SNR s The curve of this improvement is shown below When the input SNR s are equal Delta SNR is 0 the improvement offered
89. ble below Again the AGC voltage will vary per the table below over the entire 0 dBm to 110 dBm power level range Positive Slope Negative Slops 4 V to OV OV to AV 2V to OV OV to 2V The User Defined mode allows the user to specify both starting and ending points for both RF power level and the User Programable AGC Output resulting AGC voltage When the User Defined mode is selected the GUI will change and the User Programmable ws eem H Upper dam Lay S wed AGC Output widget will appear as shown below The control has four sliders two for voltage and two for power tewewotstsi T 120 level The user simply sets to starting and ending power 9 uL EET RF power levels and the corresponding AGC voltage dEm volt 20 0 levels and the GUI will calculate the resulting slope in dBm Volt Kx E cens The User Defined AGC mode is a very powerful feature and allows LS 28 to be used with virtually all antenna control units U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 112 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 3 Test Tab The LS 28 is equipped with a powerful multi mode IF modulator rich with features and capabilities The IF modulator is ideal for test and checkout of the various demodulators configured on LS 28 as well as external demodulators When used in concert with an IF upconverter the LS 28 may be used to test a wide variety of receivers employing many of the most com
90. ce Manual Table 4 2 Functional Verification of Outputs and GUI Control Programmed Function for Test AMI Demodulated AM Output Verify Signal Present Adjust Amplitude Note Frequency AGCI Downconverter Power Level Signal Verify Signal Present Level Changes With Input RF Level Frequency AGC2 Downconverter Power Level Signal Verify Signal Present Level Changes With Input El 75 MM Verify Signal Present when enabled Enable Test Modulator Select External Data MODCLK Input Input Verify Functionality Enable Test Modulator Select External Data DODDAT Input Input Verify Functionality DAT NO DAT CLK CLK QDAT QCLK Test Modulator External TTL CLK Enable Test Modulator Select External Data MODCLK Input Input Verify Functionality AUX2 Test Modulator External TTL Data Enable Test Modulator Select External Data DAT DAT AUX2 Differential Demodulator CLK Output Verify Signal Present U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 152 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Table 4 2 Functional Verification of Outputs and GUI Control Programmed Function for Test GU AUX2 Differential Demodulator CLK Output Verify Signal Present CLK AUX2 Demodulator Q Data Output Verify Signal Present QDAT AUX2 Demodulator Q CLK Output Verify Signal Present QCLK 10M Ref 10 MHz External Reference Input Verify Functionality When Signal is Present 4 3 1 1 LS 37 Telemetry Recorder
91. clerisliC Be Seco rei EE emet me eint mcd 42 1 2 5 9 BERPA ion iter Hoi eoaosiartcatie dint NE 44 1 3 THEORY OF OPERATION ea eo a cease ase elm fei E E E Eb IE 46 134 LS 27 P3 PCI 2 Channel Downconverter Board eese 49 Ic LT lt ISCIDOWNCONVEESION eo ove Debe t en o ieiuna un 49 L5 12 XZSUIPBand Pass Ballet e ooi toit IRR QE EE e Renee t REP EEEHS 49 ES qXSELOCaAbOSCIIIdiOE aiena ee nbubbditecdistes eau atf eben 51 L3d4 2nd DOWCOBVGUSIOU 22 Inst T E EN datis 51 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 111 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Log 2ndLocal OS CIN ALO ei ases IET EU nee Exeter e HEBERU epu aet 54 RAG Ma MIES o EET 51 1 3 1 7 Digital AGC Limiting Amplification AM Demodulation 51 1 3 1 8 Digital Signal Processing Engine DSPE ueeeesessess 52 Lo LS 35 PCI Digital Demodulator Combiner Board sssss 53 525 Pale GL ils NY 6 eee ence tenis reu eet PE Eu ence 54 1 5 2 25 PSK MOOG itu residuo test ney tiesto lena ee et 55 13 2 PO TMM uisus tta audent bat Presta teta Peau bcati t Manet 56 3 2 45 PMPSK MOG satis nasa dutcomecodia ado dud a cda iquat nura o duds Cet ien rodado quu D 1 3 2 5 Diversity IRGCC DHOBO o node EINER MD E ei 57 13 2 5 1 Combiner Paramelerss sooo UMS aai ses tad ideis 62 1 3 3 LS 69 S Signal Routing Board 22 sss 64 2 ystem listalldbOli ets yas ise enc ive beet oiectid
92. command initiates the recording of the parameters selected in the FIt Recorder Setup tab described in paragraph 3 2 1 1 1 5 on page 95 The Restart Logging sub command toggles the recording off and on Project View Setup Logg ing Tools RECEN d ei HI Lol B EHI m Log Receiwer Parameters Te Restart Logging U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 126 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 6 Tools Command The main Tools command currently has four sub commands LinkBudget MeasCalc MeasurementConverter QuickChangeFreqBr The Tools command offers a variety of handy utilities that are easily accessed via this menu Each of these tools are described in more detail in the following numbered paragraphs 4 Tools Help Kou LinkBudget j MeasCalc Measurementi onverter QuickChangeFrqBr 3 2 1 6 1 The Link Budget Tool The Link Budget Calculator is a useful tool for performing a link margin analysis for terrestrial or satellite radio links used in telemetry applications The user enters the fundamental parameters that describe the link including range frequency transmitter power bit rate etc and the budget for the link is calculated as shown below in the figure The link budget is a simple accounting of the gains and losses that the signal experiences during its travel from the source to the destination LinkBudget Ver 2 01 xj Hardcopy About Help Main Factors rm om pT Mile
93. consult Lumistar U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 39 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Table 1 3 LS 28 Performance Specifications 10 kbps 20 Mbps BPSK PCM PM 1 Mbps to 30 Mbps QPSK OQPSK AQPSK SOQPSK Higher data rates are available please consult Lumistar Bit Syncs Two Independent Data Clock Outputs for each channel CH1 CH2 Combined available any two at a time TTL and RS 422 available simultaneously on each channel gt 3V peak in to 50 ohms NRZ L M S and Bi L M S DM M S MDM M S Internal IF Modulator Internal 50 90 MHz Modulator for loop back self test of the receiver Power output from 0 to 80 dBm Formats include PCM FM PCM PM BPSK QPSK OQPSK SOQPSK and Multi h CPM with data rates from 10 bps to 10 Mbps for FM PM BPSK and 20 Mbps for all QPSK formats and Multi H CPM Includes precision calibrated noise feature output code selection NRZ L M S Bi Phase L M S DMM S and RNRZ15 external modulation input internal PRN pattern generation adjustable deviation and Convolutional encoding Multi symbol PCM FM Improves BER performance by approx 2 5 dB vs standard PCM FM Constellation Displays for all PSK formats Eye Pattern Displays for PCM FM format Bit Error Rate Readers One each per input channel can be connected to Pre D combiner IF Spectrum Displays Displays 70 MHz IF Spectrum has typical spectrum analyzer controls and capabilities such as Span Avera
94. dge M st2us eo Analog waveforms are displayed in the upper portion of the widget and the controls for the widget are in the bottom portion as shown in the figure below In the lower right corner of the widget are located the Timebase slider the Reference Level slider and the Volts Per Division control Trigger and Timebase controls are also located in the lower right corner of the widget Cursor Controls Select the Cursor Control Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain display The Cursor Control Mode has three sub modes Off Voltage and Time Each in turn is discussed in the following paragraphs U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 140 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Voltage Cursors The Voltage Cursor mode is shown in Figure 3 51 below and is represented by two horizontal dotted lines Each marker line increases or decreases in voltage via the control shown on the display as indicated in the red square in the figure below Also note that the marker voltage and voltage delta are shown in the upper right of the display Time D 2 406 us Mrkr 10 535 V Vg Mrkr 2 0 54 V Ref 0 0 wv Hardcopy U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 141 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Time Cursors The Time Cursor mode is shown in Figure 3 52 below and is represented by two vertical dotted lines Each marker line advances or recedes in time via the control shown
95. dition all generic computer related signals are available and include VGA Video Ports 2ea Gigabit Ethernet RJ 45 Ports 2ea and USB 2 0 Ports 2ea The digital analog IF and RF signal types used in the dual channel LS 28 DRS are shown in Figure 1 12 below The names of the signals on the AUX1 amp AUX2 connectors are shown in the table below the figure USE 1 E i LAN 1 FO NP 2 i E 1h USB 2 LAN 2 2 y aa 10M REF La Ta P 9 T a s al p Table 2 AUX2 Pin CLK2 DAT2 QCLK2 MODCLK2 Ground CLK2 DAT2 QDAT2 MODDAT2 Figure 1 12 LS 28 Rear I O Panel Assembly LS 28 DRS U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 25 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The digital analog IF and RF signal types used in the quad channel LS 28 QRS are shown in Figure 1 13 below The names of the signals on the AUX1 amp AUX2 connectors are shown in the table below the figure JH E i e Xs fa EN E o i o Q Qo o o 0 0 E z i 9 0 m ha o a s En oO n a 9 o o o o o Q CLK2 DAT2 QCLK2 MODCLK2 Ground CLK2 DAT2 QDAT2 MODDAT2 Figure 1 13 LS 28 Rear I O Panel Assembly LS 28 ORS U9280103 Lumistar Inc VGA1 Page 26 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The digital analog IF and RF signal types used in the dual channel three demodulator L
96. e NORM Total Bits Received 0 Lock Loss Count 64827 Total Error Bit 0 e kepie oe their meanings are self evident Reset Statistics The Reset Statistics button is used it Source RovRI Ave Errors XXXXXXXX to reset the count parameters to a ock Polarity NORMAL AE PURO AvgBER XXXXXxxx zero value Note the initial state of BER Sample Len secs MT all of the statistics 1s can be Continuous Star BER Avg BeRstatus OFF undefined thus an initial reset is Pattern Select PRN 11 Progress called for The Lock State indicator shows Green LOCKED when the correlator in the BER has detected the PRN pattern specified by the user via the Pattern Select command see below The Data Invert State indicator shows Green NORM when the BER correlator is locked onto the specified PRN Figure 3 31 Test Tab BER Sub Tab pattern and NOT on the inverted pattern When the BER correlator is locked onto the inverted PRN pattern then the Data Invert State indicator shows Yellow INV Table 3 6 BER The BER controls are located in the lower left hand of the BER sub Parameter tab The controls are listed in the table left The BER Sample Rate determines how long in seconds the BER counts errors The Single and Continuous radio button determines if the count interval is a single event or a continuous repeating cycle The Start BER Avg button initiates the counting of errors For employing a use
97. e RF Band Lower L Band Peak Deviation Index Delta 0 05 RF Band SBand Saw IF BW Mhz 2 00 Input Source Ch 1 IF B Mhz 10 00 eRe diis porem ERE IF Level dBm 43 13 AGC Mode DAGC Limited Eb No dB 13 905 13 737 DAGC Profile X Profile amp Pri IF Out Sel HW Limited Out 298 J Carrier Power dBm 17 09 17 08 AGC Slope Range 20 0 dB V Eb No i Pri IF Out Sel DAGC Out Carrier Freg MHz 69 9815 69 9819 57 Carrier Power dBm 15 53 S4 Carrier Freq MHz RF Level dBm Peak Deviation Index aa ads AM Index 95 54 0 0 53 0 Lu REF Lock locked Independent Mode Combined Mode Figure 3 22 the Individual Group Setup Window U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 100 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual IF BW MHz The LS 27 P3 Multi band RF Downconverter is factory configured to support up to twelve 12 separate IF anti alias bandwidths Standard bandwidths include 500 KHz 1 MHz 1 5 MHz 2 5 MHz 3 5 MHz 4 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz 12 MHz 16 MHz and 20 MHz At the factory the selected 2nd IF bandwidth values are programmed into a configuration PROM and are used by the LRRS application to populate frequency values in the pop up list box Once selected the IF bandwidth will be displayed in the configuration display area AGC TC msec The AGC TC time constant allows the user to select one of four possible AGC t
98. e 3 60 BER Pata eb eoemdeotas baden sevi tint cdm cet pd Up 120 Table 5 7 BER COMMANA S ceto taxis Mer qt e oreste ee teca ester pem deeds 121 Table 4 1 Equipment Used for LS 28 Testing amp Troubleshooting 145 Table 4 2 Functional Verification of Outputs and GUI Control 152 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page vii April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual List of Figures Figure Te D ES 28 Chassis VIEWS maoene aO EEEO E ER 14 Figure 1 2 LS 28 DRS Internal Component View esses 15 Figure 1 3 LS 28 QRS Internal Component View esses 16 Figure 1 4 LS 28 R2D3 Internal Component View seen 17 L3ceure 1 5 Front Panel ASSeMDIY iie etd et e tensa Feet eoe cuida A t uoto Sorted 18 Figure 1 6 a typical ATX style System Power Supply used in the LS 28 19 Figure 1 7 Typical SATA Hard Disk Drive amp CD ROM Drive used in the LS 28 20 Figure 1 8 a typical CPU Motherboard used in the LS 28 DRS 21 Figure 1 9 a typical SBC used in the LS 28 QRS amp R2D3 22 Figure 1 10 a typical Passive Backplane used in the LS 28 OQRS 23 Figure 1 11 Stand Alone VGA Graphic Card used in the LS 28 sssusss 24 Figure 1 12 LS 28 Rear I O Panel Assembly LS 28 DRS eee 25 Figure 1 13 LS 28 Rear I O
99. e They include channel SNR dB Pre D only channel Ej N dB channel Combining Percentage and Combiner Lock status LED RSSI Received Signal Strength Indication SNR Signal to Noise Ratio U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 83 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual CH1 dBm CH1 dBm lt EN T T CH2 dBm Z 2 5 CH2 dBm Combined Gain dB ES Lock Eb No dB Ch 1 20 1 Sei dB 20 1 Ch2 i CH 1 STATUS CH 1 STATUS EbNo dB 20 1 EbNo dB 20 1 Peak Deviation 0 35 Peak Deviation 0 35 Car Fro Offset kHz 0 47 Car Frq Offset kHz 0 35 I Bitsync BED Lock PPTA Bisync BEN Lock CH 2 STATUS CH 2 STATUS EbNo dB 20 1 EbNo dB Peak Deviation 0 35 M E Peak Deviation 035 Car Fra Offset kHz 0 46 m Car Fra Offset eti 0 89 num Bitsync BER Lock Lock Figure 3 11 CCP Page Channel Status Display combined FM mode U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 84 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 8 RF and AGC Status The RF amp AGC Status functional area see Figure 3 3 on page 71 includes two vertical bar graphs indicating the RF input power level in dBm the AGC voltage slope value in dB V for each channel the Reference Lock status LED for the LS 27 associated with the card group and four control buttons two for each channel Each channel has an AGC Freeze mode button and an A
100. e backplane is shown in Figure 1 10 on page 23 Hi E i i i i MLUR OOOO 1 I E THREE A AAT Figure 1 9 a typical SBC used in the LS 28 QRS amp R2D3 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 22 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual u L 7 e G i muni si uin L3 s miii 25 mum PITT LLL LTT TT ria 5 0i 1000903510 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 23 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 6 Dual Monitor VGA Graphic Card Because the performance of the on board video graphics found on both motherboard and single board computers is somewhat lacking both the dual channel and quad channel LS 28 systems use a stand along VGA graphics card similar to the one shown in Figure 1 11 below The make model number of the VGA graphic card and its associated components GPU RAM etc varies as of the date of manufacture Figure 1 11 Stand Alone VGA Graphic Card used in the LS 28 The VGA card supports one or two monitors and is more than capable of producing the horizontal resolution required to support the CCP page graphical user interface preferred by most operators see paragraph 3 1 1 on page 69 for more information on the CCP page display 1 2 2 1 6 1 A Cautionary Tail about Using Two Monitors As previously mentioned the LS 28 can support two monitors running concurrently This 1s a handy feature especially if one is NOT usin
101. e 4 8 on page 156 for details Step 4 set up the RF signal generator to output the single frequency set in step 3 2 1 MHz Set the output power level of the generator to 30 dBm Then turn on FM modulation of this carrier frequency Set the frequency deviation to 350 KHz on the signal generator and FM modulate the carrier with a 1 MBPS data stream using a PRN pattern of ones choosing Connect the RF output of the signal generator to the BBIN baseband output for channel 1 signal as shown in Figure 4 7 on page 155 Step 5 Connect the FOUT 70 MHz IF outputs for channel 1 signal shown in Figure 4 7 on page 155 to the spectrum analyzer tuned for 70 MHz and inspect the spectral envelope shape U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 159 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Make sure that the frequency span of the analyzer is slightly wider than the SAW filter value shown in the RF block of the Operation tab see Figure 3 22 on page 100 Step 6 Connect the FOUT 70 MHz IF outputs for channel 1 signal shown in Figure 4 7 on page 155 to the RFINI RF input for channel 1 of the LS 28 and from the LRRS application GUI tune channel 1 for 70 MHz input frequency Note that the system should lock up on this signal and show no errors in the BERT Step 7 From the LS 37 application set UD Converter 2 to Upconvert mode for channels 1 Set the Input Frequency kHz for channel 1 to 2 1 MHz See Figure 4 8 on page 156 for details S
102. e industry standard IBM PC based and are no different than similar components found in ordinary desk top PCs The computer motherboards employ Intel multi core processors The LS 28 DRS dual channel system uses a motherboard based processor for example whereas the LS 28 ORS quad channel system uses a separate single board computer and a passive backplane The LS 28 system is compatible with any and all IBM PC display and keyboard mouse products The LS 28 system software is hosted on the Microsoft Windows operating system Both the commercial off the shelf computer components and custom designed telemetry signal reception and processing cards are descried in more detail in the following numbered paragraphs Either Windows 7 or XP Pro depending on customer requirements U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 13 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 LS 28 4U chassis The LS 28 chassis 1s shows in Figure 1 1 Both the front and rear views are shown The chassis components include Front Panel Assembly System Power Supply SATA Hard Disk and DVD ROM Drives CPU Motherboard or Single Board Computer and Rear I O Panel Assembly Rear View LS 28 QRS Figure 1 1 LS 28 Chassis Views The internal view of the LS 28 DRS chassis is shown in Figure 1 2 below Note the location of all of the major components mentioned thus far The internal view of the LS 28 QRS chassis is show in Figure 1 3 on page 16 The internal view o
103. e mouse button while rotating the knob with the mouse For the spectral display the available adjustment parameters include Span dB Division and Reference Level The Slider On Scope and Knob configuration is a simple union of the Slider Only On Scope and Knob Only configurations described previously E Cancel The Bitsync Lock Status control area has four advanced controls associated with the enhanced bitsync lock detection function These include Enable E No Algorithm checkbox U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 93 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Min E gt No For Lock value FM Bitsync Confidence Weight constant and FM FM Post D Confidence Weight constant These are advanced controls and should only be changed at the direction of Lumistar Customer Support The Enable E No Algorithm checkbox is set by default and turns on a special algorithm used to determine the state of the bitsync lock LED If the Ey No reported by the demodulator is less than the value set by the Min E No For Lock function then the bitsync lock LED will be Yellow in color If the E No reported by the demodulator is greater than this same value then the bitsync lock LED will be Green in color The enhanced bitsync lock detection function in the LS 28 utilizes a multi symbol trellis decoder scheme The FM Bitsync Confidence Weight constant and FM FM Post D Confidence Weight constant are both associated with error metrics from
104. ection Included in the design is an AM demodulation stage for antenna tracking applications The main system gain element provides for 90 to 110 dB of signal gain Signal level detection 1s utilized in DAGC controls U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 51 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 1 8 Digital Signal Processing Engine DSPE The LS 27 P3 design contains a highly integrated digital signal processing engine DSPE which is utilized for linearization filtering and control applications This engine is composed of a digital signal processor FPGA resources ADCs DACs and localized memory used to process the signal path parameters Each of the channels is controlled and monitored as an autonomous receiver The engine performs real time tasks as well as user software interfaces U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 52 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 2 LS 35 PCI Digital Demodulator Combiner Board The Lumistar LS 35 Multi Mode IF Demodulator Combiner is part of the Lumistar family of digital processing boards used to JE A4 build programmable telemetry systems As shown in the figure below the LS 35 consists of an analog front end and a 10 million gate FPGA based digital processing engine The LS 35 can be firmware configured to perform the functions of an IF receiver with multi mode demodulator a pre detection diversity combiner a bit synchronizer and a multi mode modulator for self tes
105. ectrum display are the Frequency Span MHz the Reference Level dB and dB division These parameters are controlled in the lower right region below the graphical display via slider or knob controls as shown in the figure When invoked addition information associated with Frequency and Amplitude markers are displayed in the upper right portion of the spectrum display There also two buttons at the bottom of the display The Pause button freezes the updating of the display until it is pressed again The Copy button makes a snapshot of the display and saves it as a JPEG file in the C Lumistar LRRS 3X User MHardcopies directory Successive presses of the Copy button will create new snapshots of the widget at different time points 30 0 MHZ 0 5 1 Center Freg 70 00 MHZ 20 0 dBm 3E Wiki MHz 82 14 hike MHz 77 Eun Delta m FT ni ui Mv MW L A a j Wh W y WA ii ih mm ra 20 gt TER Display Mode avERAcE METH U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 135 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The Frequency Marker Delta mode is shown in Figure 3 46 above and is represented by two vertical dotted lines Each marker line advances or recedes in frequency via the slider control shown at the top edge of the display These two slider controls appear only when the mouse cursor is placed at the top edge of the widget Note that the two marker frequencies and frequency delta are shown on the display in the
106. el 10MHz Ref Dist Interior Bem mr oor eomm gx F1 IN aeea TEST MOD ce xT IF2 IN numum Blur OUT mmn BBOut Comb AGC Serial Control AM AGC Inputs Serial Ctrl Status Control Switching Logic DC DC Converter Module Figure 1 40 Block Diagram LS 69 S Signal Routing Board U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 64 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The functions performed by the LS 69 S are as follows 10 MHz reference clock distribution including support for a user supplied external clock reference signal 70 MHz IF signal distribution and switching This includes the internal loop back self test using the on board 70 MHz IF test modulator Analog FM demodulation amp video filtering for multiple channels This includes the baseband video outputs used to provide the user with an external Eye Pattern as well as actual NTSC video Hardware support for the Spectrum and OScope display functionality provided in the LRRS application Routing functions for all baseband signals including receiver AM RSSI and baseband video Control of the LS 69 S is via one of the host PCs serial ports Power for the LS 69 S is provided by the LS 69 power supply CCA shown in Figure 1 17 on page 29 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 65 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 2 System Installation 2 1 General Information This section p
107. el PCI bus motherboard with integrated graphic The make model number of the motherboard and its associated components CPU RAM etc varies as of the date of manufacture The motherboard 1s typically configured with 4 MB of RAM and has a 3 GHz or higher multi core Intel CPU chip installed A typical example of this motherboard 1s shown below in Figure 1 8 TO CU HET LLLLELLE Preece F E H j ph Tm Ee E LJ PIT PHT NIIEIEHREHTERREAREHREREHERTEHETTT Note The on board integrated graphic is typically NOT used in favor of a standalone VGA Graphics card with better performance U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 21 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 5 Single Board Computer amp Passive Backplane LS 28 QRS amp R2D3 The quad channel LS 28 systems are configured with a multi core Intel PCI bus single board computer SBC and a high slot count 8 PCI slots or greater passive backplane The make model number of the SBC and passive backplane and their associated components CPU RAM etc varies as of the date of manufacture The SBC is typically configured with 4 MB of RAM and has a 3 GHz or higher multi core Intel CPU chip installed A typical example of this SBC is shown below in Figure 1 9 while an example of the passiv
108. el Setup and Individual Group Setup Project View Setup Logging Tools Help About Receiver 1 51 EI zz System Level Setup Individual Group Setup The System Level Setup command and resulting window aggregates the individual card level status displays and setup controls into a single display suitable for controlling and assessing the state of the entire system at a single glance The user may resize this window as small or as large as needed to accommodate viewing from any distance See paragraph 3 2 3 on page 139 for more information on the System Level Setup window S Card Group Defined as a LS 35 LS 27 pair supporting two channels U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 98 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The Individual Group Setup command and resulting window allows the user to configure specific card groups and their associated operational parameters with much greater granularity of controls Invoking this command produces the Individual Group Setup window shown in Figure 3 22 on page 100 The Individual Group Setup window has four tabs Operation Outputs Test and Configuration Each tab is described in more detail in the following numbered paragraphs 3 2 1 4 1 Operation Tab The Operation tab has two sub tabs When the Operational mode 1s set to Independent shown below left in Figure 3 22 the two sub tabs for the card group are designated CH1 and CH2 note the user may change these tab labels
109. ell Phe Ult ta Docc 9 321114 The Unique Card Settings tab iiie e ees 92 3 22 Li THe FIL Record Setup TaD is ienessavciasiennteSvandnsuctecetennedianieceaastteees 95 3 2 1 1 2 The System Force FPGA Load at Startup sub command 95 3 2 1 1 3 The System Hardware Configuration sub command 95 3 2 1 1 4 The System Network Configuration sub command 96 92125 POC COPPA osos byte dovete de e dde ondes Ec bou 977 3 2 1 2 1 The Project Load sub command ssseeeeeee 977 3 2 1 2 2 The Project Unload sub command sess 977 32 123 The Project Edit sub cormoand ue tee RR IR bee eds 977 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 1v April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Suo NVM OMA ANN s oi Eon RECS detect Et N 98 Sd CAPA ocup NVA GOW adeste a ot loi i red Dau 98 S LAL XODEDOHOBDSL A csonddtediem E OE 99 SILLAL r dependeut MOUS eek aed tetas rea eo defect 99 32 01 43 1 25 C Ombre E Md serr oo Het deo thu emn ME 104 OS E SM SOM Lor la Pr 107 3 2 142 4 Video Output Controls a i bete EU EP Po EE e R 107 32 14 2 2 OCC AMG Ik OUI Ot scan ae seated ta ati eee nao 108 3 2 1 4 2 3 Signal Polarity Contolera eanet AA 109 SLA NViterD FUri CHOR bysso EE EE RERO p ot es 110 3 2 1 4 2 5 AM Level ODLDEOLIS s ditta tue b ione da RR Mis etse ins 111 3 2 1 2 1 2 0 AGC CON OLS uere nionem A Mta 112 22 1 desp so eee eee ena erate
110. equency band is relatively low as is the case for P Band inputs the on board processor can bypass the 2nd down conversion stage switching to a single super heterodyne process In either case a low pass filter 1s applied to the signal path at the output of this stage to reduce harmonics and low frequency noise from being applied to subsequent Stages 1 3 1 5 2nd Local Oscillator The second LO is injected into the mixer of the 2nd down conversion stage to provide the second IF frequency of 70 MHz Like the first conversion stage the second LO utilizes low side injection for this conversion A low pass filter is applied to the LO output to minimize spurious and harmonic signals from being converted in the 2nd down conversion stage The 2nd LO is automatically disabled for RF bands that employ a single super heterodyne process 1 3 1 6 2nd IF Filter From the output of the 2nd conversion stage the resulting intermediate frequency is then applied to a group of bandpass filters to minimize noise bandwidth and improve adjacent channel rejection The 2nd IF stage contains eight IF SAW filters centered at 70 MHz and varying in bandwidth from 250 kHz to 40 MHz in approximately octave steps 1 3 1 7 Digital AGC Limiting Amplification AM Demodulation Outputs from the 2nd IF filter stage are routed to the final signal detection AM demodulation and gain stage in the receiver The output stage combines both a limiting amplifier and digital AGC DACG s
111. erator to output the single frequency set in step 3 Set the output power level of the generator to 50 dBm Then turn on FM modulation of this carrier frequency Set the frequency deviation to 350 KHz on the signal generator and FM modulate the carrier with a 1 MBPS data stream using a PRN pattern of ones choosing Connect the RF output of the signal generator to a two way power splitter as shown in Figure 4 1 on page 149 Using the RF power meter measure the output of channel 2 and re adjust the level to once again be 50 dBm re adjust the RF generator output power level as needed Connect the two output of the splitter to the CH1 and CH2 inputs of the LS 28 Step 5 Connect the JFOUTI and IFOUT2 70 MHz IF outputs for channel 1 amp 2 signals shown in Figure 4 6 on page 155 to the F7NI and JFIN2 70 MHz IF inputs for channel 1 amp 2 on the RECORDER U D CONVTRI I O panel using two BNC jumper cables Step 6 From the LS 37 application set UD Converter 1 to downconvert mode for both channels 1 and 2 Set the Output Frequency kHz for both channels to 2 1 MHz See Figure 4 8 on page 156 for details Step 7 Connect the BBOUTI baseband output for channel 1 signal shown in Figure 4 6 on page 155 to the spectrum analyzer tuned for 2 1 MHz and inspect the spectral envelope shape Make sure that the frequency span of the analyzer is slightly wider than the SAW filter value shown in the RF block of the Operation tab see Figure 3 22 on page 1
112. est telemetry operations Each channel of the receiver produces an AGC Voltage signal that can provide information relative to the RF signal strength at the input to the receiver channel The AGC Voltage signal 1s used internally by the receiver to set the absolute gain of various RF and IF components in the signal path as well as determine absolute signal path When the signal level which typically can vary by 80 dB or more in a normal flight test application 1s U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 160 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual very high at the RF input the total receiver gain is alternatively set low to prevent over driving the components in the receiving chain The AGC signal has historically had several uses external to the receiver The AGC signal can be provided to an external antenna control unit ACU for auto tracking applications in servo controlled antenna systems usually along with the AM signal Other uses of the AGC signal include RSSI received signal strength indicator wherein the AGC signal is provided to an external strip chart or digital recording device that creates a time varying plot of voltage versus time proportional to receiver signal strength Note This RSSI plotting function can also be realized by the internal Log receiver Parameters function described in paragraph 3 2 1 5 on page 95 The AGC signal 1s linearly proportional to the RF power level at the input to the receiver The m
113. etup file loaded when LRRS was shut down will automatically load when LRRS is started up again The default state of this parameter 1s On selected Load Last Setup File If this option is selected then the last valid setup file loaded when LRRS was shut down will automatically load when LRRS is started up again The default state of this parameter 1s off unselected Load Last Project If this option is selected then the last valid mission loaded when LRRS was shut down will automatically load when LRRS is started up again The default state of this parameter is off unchecked Below the Startup block are the Shutdown controls for the LRRS application The shutdown configuration for the LRRS application includes the following feature Always Save Setup w o Prompt By selecting this option when the LRRS application terminates the state of all hardware settings including firmware mode will be automatically saved without prompting the user The default state of this parameter 1s off unchecked In the upper right of the Operation tab is the Receiver Limits controls These controls include buttons for Max Strength dBm Min Strength dBm and RSSI Strip Samples e MAX Strength dBm This button sets the numerical value associated with the change of color to indicate that the input RF power level in dBm has exceed the value specified Once the input RF power level has gone above this level the color of the 2 LDPS Lumistar
114. extends past the original purchaser to the end user of the product If a product is integrated into a system and delivered as part of an overall system 1 e Antenna Controller or Decommutation system Lumistar warrants its components in that system If a customer buys Lumistar products as part of a government deliverable the government can exercise the warranty directly from Lumistar If a product 1s found to be defective or fails under normal operating conditions Lumistar will repair or replace the items at its discretion at no cost to the customer While Lumistar understands that its customers sometime work in harsh environments and designs for hard use of its products submersion exposure to jet blast or receiving 10 Watts of RF power is not normal operation Lumistar will be the sole decider of product abuse Lumistar s repair philosophy is to cover core costs of non warranty repair Lumistar does not typically charge an evaluation fee and repair costs are kept minimal Typical repair costs are 500 1 000 for a board level product There is also a second variant of the LD 28 DRS designated the LS 28 R2D3 that has an additional digital demodulator The R2D3 is also covered in this manual U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 11 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The warranty can be extended at time of purchase for up to 5 years and the cost is a percentage of the purchase price and whether it 1s a board or a
115. f G Data S PCM ENCODER1 e A differing levels of FM deviation of the carrier is most easily seen by examining the spectrum of the signal FM Peak Deviation Factor 0 35 PSK PM Mod Index Radians 0 50000 When the user selects the PM modulation type the PSK PM Modulation Index command becomes active not grey and allows the user to specify the Figure 3 29 Test Tab Modulator Sub Tab Secondary amount of carrier phase deviation to be produced on the carrier The user may enter a value up to p 2 radians 1 5708 with 0 5 being the default The effect of differing the PM modulation index 1s most easily seen by examining the I Q constellation display of the signal Subcarrier Modulation Parameters When the user selects the SUBCAR modulation mode the subcarrier modulation parameters become active not grey and are ready for configuration The following describe in more detail each of the subcarrier modulation setup parameters Subcarrier 1 Input Source To support the subcarrier modulation mode two separate independent PCM data sources are available Each PCM encoder in turn produces data derived from a number of sources both internal and external The user may select from PCM encoder 1 or 2 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 117 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Subcarrier 1 Modulation Mode The subcarrier modulation mode in the LS 28 supports two modulation types BPSK and QPSK The user
116. f the LS 28 R2D3 chassis is shown in Figure 1 4 on page 17 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 14 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual TN SEN EREI l iznim imi Figure 1 2 LS 28 DRS Internal Component View U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 15 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual LS 69 Power Supply bd E r hs HS oe 1M TAS e GP 2 LS 27 amp LS 35 GP 1 LS 27 amp LS 35 Figure 1 3 LS 28 QRS Internal Component View H Mu T j i E e LN qq L T a AE 8s OW 4 4 v iin oe E Eig E o i ECEES Lum E E it Jat F M d rris i Bay Ei Bi U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 16 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual T A u fal M mE l j H Figure 1 4 LS 28 R2D3 Internal Component View U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 17 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 1 Front Panel Assembly The Front Panel assembly includes a Hinged Door subassembly not shown with lock and air filters controls and indicators reset amp power buttons USB 2 0 Ports 2 ea and power and hard disk activity LEDs 120 mm cooling fans 2 ea SATA Hard Disk Drive and SATA DVD ROM Drive The drive bay can also accommodate a second 5 25 drive as well as a 3 25 solid state hard drive Controls amp Indicators SATA Hard Drive SATA DVD ROM Drive Reset
117. for repair Also note that the LRRS application must not be running at the same time as the re flashing application is launched U9280103 Page 166 April 3 2013 Lumistar Inc LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Ls27V3DspFlash Ver 1 10 System About in Ui Lms 3x Ck E3 kalek E Name Date modified Type Jj Documentation 3 13 2012 10 50 AM File folder DSP Version Flash Update Enable d DriverTools 3 13 2012 10 50 AM File folder Card 1 2011 1129 E System 3 13 201210 50 AM File folder d User 3 13 201210 50 AM File folder J UserTools 3 13 2012 10 50 AM LS27P3 20111129 FLASH bin 11 29 20111 43 PM BIN File 4 File name Files of type Figure 4 12 the LS 27 DSP Firmware Re flashing Program U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 167 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 5 Appendix A List of Abbreviations amp Acronyms The following 1s a list of abbreviations and acronyms used in this manual AC Alternating Current ACU Antenna Control Unit ADC Analog to Digital Converter AGC Automatic Gain Control AM Amplitude Modulation AQPSK Asynchronous Quadrature Phase Shift Keying ATX Advanced Technology eXtended AUQPSK Asynchronous Unbalanced Quadrature Phase Shift Keying AWGN Additive White Gaussian Noise BER Bit Error Rate BERT Bit Error Rate Tester BIOL Bi phase Level BIOM Bi phase Mark BIOS Bi phase Space BMP Bit Mapped Photo BPS Bits
118. ftware Removal Tool MRT and do a complete scan of the system To run the MRT open a command prompt window on the U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 147 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual desktop and type MRT followed by return This program scans the system hard drives for any malicious software viruses Trojans worms etc and alerts removes the infection in exactly the same way as a third party anti virus scanning software would do There is however a huge difference between the Microsoft MRT and any of the third party anti virus scanning software programs Even though they both do the same function the third party tools heavily modify the operating system kernel and other low level system functions This may be good for finding computer viruses but it can and often is very bad for the real time quasi deterministic nature of the operating system and how it interacts with third party hardware like the custom developed Lumistar cards installed in the LS 28 and the LRRS application that talks to them Irregardless of the security policies of ones IT department Lumistar strongly recommends that third party anti virus programs NOT be installed on the LS 28 system and that the Microsoft MRT be used instead on a periodic basis U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 148 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 4 3 Performance Testing The following tests are designed to verify that the LS 28 system 1s functional
119. g the CCP page but is instead using the main LRRS launch banner to invoke individual setup windows and various display widgets see paragraph 3 2 1 on page 87 for more on the LLRS launch banner Especially in a quad channel system the LRRS launch banner can produce a great many separate displays and having the second monitor is very helpful There is however a serious problem that can arise in such a scenario If one makes the transition back to a single monitor configuration without first moving all of the open windows on the second monitor back to the first monitor then after the transition those open windows will still be on the second monitor even though there is now only ONE monitor in use As far as the operating system 1s concerned there are still two monitors and the second monitor still has active windows open on it The problem is that there is simply NO WAY of getting to them anymore There is only one monitor plugged in to the system and it can t see the windows on the second monitor Therefore if one intends to use two monitors and then wishes to transition back to a single monitor first make sure that the second monitor has nothing on it before making the transition U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 24 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 2 1 7 Rear I O Panel Assembly All signal I O in the LS 28 is accessible via the Rear I O Panel assembly This includes all digital analog IF and RF signal types In ad
120. ging Ref level max hold clear write etc All displays can be captured via Screen Shot hardcopy feature available in JPG file format Multimode demodulation formats PCM FM only M1 SOQPSK M2 PCM FM and SOQPSK only M6 Viterbidesoding V2 Sub canier S2 AQPSK CA2 Eo Operating Temperature 010 150 C S Non Operating Temperature 25 to 70 C Operating Humidity 0 to 90 Non condensing Non Operating Humidity Protect from excessive moisture and contamination C O NO CO EY U Lumistar Inc Page 40 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Table 1 3 LS 28 Performance Specifications Operational Scenario Rack mount ground based with sufficient cooling in rack Option for airborne applications please consult Lumistar 4U Rack Mount Chassis 19 W x 23 D x 7 H wwa Koia OOO Power Supply 115 V 230 V Auto sensing 500W Computer I O Passive SBC backplane 4 Gbyte RAM typ Quad Core Processor Dual TCP IP Dual VGA USB 2 min PS2 Windows XP U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 41 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 5 System Performance 1 2 5 1 AGC Linearity The AGC linearity is the accuracy of the AGC output voltage as a function of the input RF signal amplitude The AGC output voltage of the LS 28 is super linear with typical residual voltage variations in the 0 1 Volt range A typical AGC linearity da
121. gnals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 21 on page33 The rear I O connector signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 22 on page 34 1 2 2 2 6 LS 37 P50 Single Channel Telemetry Recorder Up amp Downconverter The LS 37 P50 Single Channel Telemetry Recorder Up amp Downconverter CCA is shown in Figure 1 23 above All of the individual faceplate I O signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 21 on page33 The rear I O connector signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 22 on page 34 1 2 2 2 7 Rear Panel I O CCA The LS 28 Rear Panel I O CCA is shown in Figure 1 24 below Both front and rear views are shown The I O CCA is attached to a panel insert as shown in the figure below left This completed subassembly is then installed into the larger Rear I O Panel Assembly shown in Figure 1 12 on page 25 and Figure 1 13 on page 26 The LS 37 P95 LS 37 P50 and LS 34 cards are all physically identical in appearance The only difference is in the gate count sizes of the FPGA chip installed on the board U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 35 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual ro LOCCA Ron View O CCA Rear View Figure 1 24 LS 28 Rear I O Panel CCA U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 36 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 2 3 Differences between Models The LS 28 has dual channel and quad channel configurations with each channel supporting up to four 4
122. h each physical channel in the card group U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 122 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 4 2 License Info Sub Tab The License Info sub tab shown in Figure 3 33 below has four setup blocks Capabilities Licensed Modulations Licensed Hardware ID and Firmware ID METIE 4 The Capabilities Licensed block m mm mm um shows the status of features such Operation Outputs Test Configuration as Maximum Receiver Bit Rate E Dn Converters Hardware Diversity Combiner modes available and availability of Viterbi error correction The Modulations Licensed block shows what modulation formats are enabled for the card group Post D Combiner Bl ril Dips Le Cip r Cfu F ful f luiti rl CPP The Hardware ID and Firmware ID blocks show information pertinent to the firmware license files loaded into the demodulator card at the current time M rd d v M v Figure 3 33 Configuration Tab License Info Sub Tab U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 123 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 4 3 DN Converters Sub Tab The Dn Converters sub tab shown in Figure 3 34 below shows which channels of which LS 27 or LS 25 downconverter are connected to the two input channels of the demodulator associated with this card group In the example below channel A of the demodulator is connected to channel 1 of LS 27 card 1 and channel B of
123. hard drive includes periodic checking of the drive with the CHKDSK check disk operating system feature and 1f needed the de fragmentation of the hard drive with a system utility The CHKDSK function on computers running the Windows operating system displays the file system integrity status of the hard disk and can fix logical file system errors It can also check the disk surface for physical errors or bad sectors and can in some cases repair some physical errors and recover data that is still readable To check the system hard drive locate the My Computer icon on the desktop and double click it This will invoke the system file browser showing all drives installed in the system Locate the C Drive and right click on it and select Properties from the drop down list This will invoke the Properties window Click on the Tools tab and then click the Check Now button This will invoke the Check Disk dialog box Select both check boxes under the Check Disk Options These options include Automatically Fix File System Errors and Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors Click the start button and receive a message stating that the activity selected must be scheduled Indicate that yes the activity should be scheduled and then re boot the computer As part of the boot up process the CHKDSK function will be performed and any errors on the disk will be reported and an attempt to repair them will be make
124. he rear panel I O assembly see Figure 4 4 above using Table 4 2 below as a guide Also verify the 70 MHz IF outputs and test modulator ModIF output with a spectrum analyzer and the Video outputs with an oscilloscope Do this for all card groups installed in the system Step 7 Using an external source of clock and PRN data from a Bit Error Rate Tester connect the CLK Data signals of the BERT to the AUXI MODCLK and AUXI MODDATA signals see Table 4 2 below Place the test modulator in the Loopback Mode by checking the checkbox red circle in Figure 4 2 above on page 150 and then change the Data Source of the PCM ENCODER from TX BERT to TTL INPUT 1 Verify that the test modulator ModlF output signal examined in Step 6 is still present on the spectrum analyzer Step 8 Using an external source of clock and PRN data from a Bit Error Rate Tester connect the CLK Data signals of the BERT to the AUX2 MODCLK and AUX2 MODDATA signals see Table 4 2 below Place the test modulator in the Loopback Mode by checking the checkbox red circle in Figure 4 2 above on page 150 and then change the Data Source of the PCM ENCODER from TX BERT to TTL INPUT 2 Verify that the test modulator ModlF output signal examined in Step 6 is still present on the spectrum analyzer Step 9 Repeat steps 7 amp 8 for a second card group if one is installed in the system LS 28 QRS U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 151 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenan
125. he appropriate firmware 1s loaded into the FPGA on the LS 35 associated with the card group See paragraph 1 2 2 2 3 on page 32 and paragraph 1 3 2 on page 53 for more details on the LS 35 Receiver 1 OPERATIONAL MODE Independent FM FM Operational Mode Both Ch Contr Restart Ac v Independent FM FM Ch 1 Independent PSK PSK Frequency MHz 2250 50 Mixed PSK FM TAE POM TM Mixed PM PSK Data Rate Mbps 8 001 Mixed MH CPM PSK input Data Code NRZL Output Data Code NRZL Mixed MH CPM FM SAW IF BW MHz 20 96 Combined FM 61 i dBIV 200 Video BW MHz 0 00 Combined PSK NTSC De epyfhasis AGC Freeze 2 acca msec 0 10 A GC Zero 2 Kota Polari Combined FM with AFC Normal Combined PSK with AFC Clock Polarity Invert SELL Figure 3 4 LRRS CCP Page Modes of Operation U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 72 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 2 Primary Parameters The Primary Parameters functional area see Figure 3 3 on page 71 include Tuner Frequency MHz Modulation format Data Rate Mbps and Data Code To change any of these parameters quickly simply double click on the current parameter value and a dialog box will appear for value entry Or one may put the mouse cursor within the box encompassing these parameters and right clicking The resulting pop up window for these parameters 1s shown in Figure 3 5 below Receiver 1 OPERATIONAL MODE Independent FM FM Restar
126. ignal path U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 49 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual a 0 O lt O o TE Figure 1 32 Block Diagram LS 27 P3 Downconverter U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 50 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 1 3 Ist Local Oscillator In a super heterodyne design local oscillators LOs are utilized to convert high frequencies to lower intermediate frequencies The first LO is injected into the mixer of the first down conversion stage to accomplish this task Mixers can either utilize a sum or difference frequency component to produce IF frequencies For example if an RF frequency of 2 200 MHz was to be converted to an intermediate frequency of 250 MHz a difference component of 1 950 MHz could injected to the mixer or a sum frequency component of 2 450 MHz could be applied The difference component LO application is referred to a low side conversion The sum component application is referred to as high side conversion Both methods are equally valid and each has its own benefits The LS 27 P3 design has the ability to utilize either approach and actually switch between the methods when necessary for performance reasons 1 3 1 4 2nd Downconversion The receiver designs contain a switching 2nd down conversion stage Similar to the 1st down conversion stage it contains a mixer to convert the Ist IF frequency to a second IF frequency of 70 MHz If the RF fr
127. il 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual channel would also automatically be set to the same frequency for the first downconverter channel This type of automation is intended to help prevent what might be called cockpit error on the part of the user By contrast when the user selects the frequency combiner mode no such downconverter tuning automation takes place as by definition frequency diversity employs two different frequencies In frequency diversity the user must enter TWO frequencies in the card setup window and both frequencies are displayed in the GUI 2250 5 2390 5 for example U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 106 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 2 Outputs Tab Depending on the Operational Mode the Outputs tab may have one or two sub tabs In the Independent mode shown in Figure 3 24 below there two sub tabs CH1 and CH2 In Combined mode there 1s only one tab CH2 The Channel 1 Output tab has six major areas of control setup These include Video Output controls Data Routing functions Viterbi FEC controls Signal Polarity controls AM Level and AGC controls Each of these controls are described in more detail in the following numbered paragraphs CARD 1 Setup File gt DEFAULT File 355 fC 59 S025 O 6 O Operation Outputs Test Configuration Operation Outputs Test Configuration gt i eRe RRM CARD 1 CH2 CARD 1 CH 1 3 is Fi Video Outp
128. ime constants including 1 10 100 and 1000 ms The selected time constant is displayed in the configuration display area DAGC Profile The LS 27 P3 Multi band RF Downconverter employed in the LS 28 contains an AGC function which is controlled by a digital signal processing engine This function provides various AGC profiles which respond differently based on the user s operation scenario At present there are two profiles that are implemented DAGC Limited and DAGC Linear DACG Linear Allows essentially no AGC controls over an gt 80dBm receiver range In this mode when RF input signal power is below 25dBm the output varies directly with the input power As the input goes up or down by IdB the IF output responds in the same manner When the receiver 1s exposed to input power levels above 25dBm attenuation will be added to the input in a linear dB fashion DAGC Linear 1s the default condition whenever the LRRS is in Combined mode DAGC Limited Allows the output level to be maintained at a constant level regardless of the input level This DAGC mode takes full advantage of the AGC Time constant modes and is the default condition whenever the LRRS is in Independent mode Pri IF Out Sel The LS 27 P3 has the ability to provide two IF outputs One of the outputs is a permanent Hardware Limited output which does not respond to DAGC profiles or the AGC FREEZE mode The other 1s the DAGC output which 1s controllable Of the two
129. in the C Lumistar LRRS_ 3X User Hardcopies directory Successive presses of the Copy button will create new snapshots of the widget at different time points LS3x Card 1 IQ RCVR 1 E3 53x Card 1 IQ RCVR 1 Figure 3 48 Constellation Display Widget Examples 3 2 2 3 RSSI History Widget The RSSI received signal strength indicator Widget presents a horizontal strip chart style graph of the RF signal strength dBm as a function of time Each downconverter channel has this widget available There is also a two channel version shown below that combines both channels into a single display The widget has a few simple controls To invoke the controls for the display simply place the mouse curser in the lower region and right click There are two buttons at the bottom of the display The Pause button freezes the updating of the display until it is pressed again The Copy button makes a snapshot of the display and saves it as a JPEG file in the C Lumistar LRRS_3X User Hardcopies directory Successive presses of the Copy button will create new snapshots of the widget at different time points U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 137 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual CH2 dBm 51 00 3 2 2 4 Status Widget The Status Display Widget aggregates all of the relevant performance parameters of a demodulator channel into one single tabular display There are no controls for the widget and it can not be re sized Two examples are
130. ion of new functions and capabilities after the product is delivered is a simple matter of updating the firmware license files installed on the target machine where the LS 35 card is U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 53 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual installed Currently there are four 4 functional personalities defined for the LS 35 They are respectively designated as FM FM PSK FM PSK PSK and PM PSK 1 3 2 1 FM Mode The FM FM functional personality offers two independent PCM FM multi symbol demodulators A simplified FPGA block diagram of this mode is shown in the figure below PCM FM Demod PCM w Multi Symbol RxBERT Formatter Detect PCM FM Demod PCM w Multi Symbol RxBERT 5 Formatter Detect Half Band Mixer Figure 1 34 Block Diagram FM FM Mode FPGA Configuration U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 54 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 2 2 PSK Mode The PSK PSK functional personality offers two independent PSK multi mode demodulators and a pre detection diversity combiner A simplified FPGA block diagram of this mode is shown in the figure below PCM Formatter Dual Viterbi Half PSK Band Multi Mode Mixer Demod Diversity Combiner PCM Formatter Dual Viterbi Half PSK Band Multi Mode Mixer Demod Multi Mode Data IF OUT Modulator Generator Figure 1 35 Block Diagram PSK PSK FPGA Configuration U9280103 Lumistar Inc RxBERT Page
131. ion p j Word Interval a Creed risa Word Stop Num Data Words BER Info Word Rate Hz PRN Pattern Minor Frame Rate Hz Errors Once Cycle Prn Pattern gt IIO I Major Frame Rate Hz Bit Rate Bits Per Word Words Per Minor Frame Minor Frames Per Major Frame Number of Framesync Pattern Words FSP Position b PCM Data Doppler Fader Figure 3 40 the Measurement Calculation Tool PCM Doppler 3 2 1 6 3 The Measurement Converter Tool The Measurement Converter is another virtual Swiss Army Knife of conversion functions for a large variety of physical parameters Each physical parameter has a tab containing many different units of measure that the user converts to and from The user selects a particular input and output parameter and the units of measure for each and then enters the numeric value for the input The output is automatically calculated as the input value is entered The specific menus for each of the tabs are shown in the figures that follow BIST File Options Help Distance Energy Flow Force Light Mazs Power Pressure Speed Temperature Time Torque Volume Volume Dre Acceleration Angle Area Computer Concentration Custom Density mile hour second mi hr s mile hour second mi hs milimeter zec mrs milimeter sec mms Input f centimeter sect ems Output f centimeter sect ems Figure 3 41 the Measurement Converter Tool U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 1
132. ission In this scenario the three 70 MHz IF signals are down converted by the LS 37 hardware to some much lower center frequency that is subsequently archived by a recording device To support this scenario the IF outputs of the LS 28 must be connected via external coax cables to the inputs of the LS 37 as shown in Figure 4 6 below Also the three Baseband Outputs of the LS 37 must be connected to the input channels of the recording device U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 154 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual RECORDER U D CONV1 IFINT o BBOUT1 eee i Fas eT WC ea BEIN p OMC 5 RECORDER U D CONVZ QO BB S roro 66 2 7 E 4 3 1 1 2 Two Channel Up Conversion LH amp RH The second use case of the LS 37 UDC in the Lumistar LS 28 R2D3 involves replaying back into the receiver the recording made of the actual Left Hand and Right Hand 70 MHz IF output signals They can then be demodulated and the resulting data can be analyzed In this scenario the two recorded signal outputs at some much lower center frequency from the recording device are up converted by the LS 37 hardware to 70 MHz To support this scenario the main RF inputs of the LS 28 must be connected via external coax cables to the outputs of the LS 37 as shown in Figure 4 7 below Also the two baseband inputs of the LS 37 must be connected to the two output channels of the recording device
133. itted BER 0 0E 0 Figure 4 2 Test Modulator Tab Loopback Mode Figure 4 3 Test Tab BER Sub tab Checkbox Procedure Step 1 Turn on the LS 28 and after boot up launch the LRRS application by double clicking on its icon in the desktop Step 2 Once the LRRS application has started dismiss the CCP page if it is running and from the main LRRS launch banner invokes the test modulator see paragraph 3 2 1 4 3 1 on page 113 Place the test modulator in the Loopback Mode by checking the checkbox red circle in Figure 4 2 above on page 150 Do this for all card groups configured in the system U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 150 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Step 3 On the test modulator tab set the Tx BERT to a data rate of 1 MBPS using the PRN 11 data pattern The modulation mode and modulation type should match that set for the demodulator on the Operation tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 1 on page 99 Step 4 On the Operation tab set the modulation type data rate and input code to match the Tx Bert settings from step 3 above Figure 4 4 LS 28 Rear Panel Assembly close up Step 5 On the Test Tab BER sub tab see Figure 4 3 on page 150 set up the BERT for a PRN 11 pattern and look to make sure that the BERT is locked up and not taking any errors Step 6 Using the test assets shown in Figure 4 1 on page 149 verify all of the digital signals on t
134. k OK The updated frequency will be displayed in the configuration display area Note that the supported tuner resolution is 50 KHz and that entered values will be rounded off the nearest 50 KHz value in the display Frequency values outside of the ranges specified above will result in an error message with no change in frequency Data Rate The LS 28 supports bit rates from 10 bps to 30 Mbps in the current hardware implementation To select a Data Rate click on the Data Rate item Enter the Data Rate in the resulting pop up dialog box and then click OK The updated Data Rate will be displayed in the configuration display area The operator enters the rate in bps via the Data Rate Mbps item Note if the Data Rate Entry in Bps check box in the System Options Operations tab is UNCHECKED then the operator may enter the rate in MBPS not Bps see Figure 3 15 on page 89 for more information Also note for quadrature modulation schemes such as QPSK and its variants the bit rate entered must be twice that of the symbol rate exception SOQPSK PCM Input Data Code The bit synchronizer in the LS 28 supports a wide variety of input code types including NRZ RZ Split phase Miller and Randomized codes The PCM Input Code item invokes the complete list shown below from which the operator selects NRZL NRZM NRZS BIOL BIOM BIOS RZ DBIOM DBIOS DMM DMS DMM2 amp RNRZ 15 Demodulator Output Code The digital demodulator in the L S2
135. l 3 System Operation The operation of the LS 28 system involves connecting the requisite signals to the rear I O panel of the unit see Figure 1 12 on page 25 or Figure 1 13 on page 26 and launching the primary setup and control application in certain LS 28 systems because of customer requirements the primary application launches automatically upon power up of the system The requisite signals include connecting the system AC power cable and a VGA display monitor and some type of USB Keyboard amp pointing device mouse track pad etc 3 1 Overview The LRRS Application amp Operating System Environment The primary setup and control application of the LS 28 is called the Lumistar Range Receiving System LRRS The LRRS application was developed to run on either the Microsoft Windows XP Pro or Windows 7 operating system The LRRS application is network aware and can be operated remotely over the network in a variety of ways The LRRS application operates in concert with DSP and other firmware elements resident on some of the custom developed Lumistar reception and processing cards installed in the LS 28 system As such updates to the system will not only involve new versions of the LRRS application but also updated firmware as well Upon initial delivery of the LS 28 system to a customer the operating system has been configured with a single user account Userl and neither the user nor Administrator passwords have been set Fur
136. l of the windows and displays used in the LRRS application By using the Colors controls shown in Figure 3 17 below the user may change the LRRS color scheme to just about anything There are a few default settings that can be used Select the default colors radio button of interest currently Browns Blues etc and click the Set Default Colors button and the respective pre selected color scheme will occur Otherwise click on the Change Colors button and the menu of various color items will be displayed U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 91 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Directory Operations Utility Unique Card Settings Fit Record Setup Change Colors Set Default Colors Figure 3 16 System Options Control Window Utility Tab Display Colors Figure 3 17 LRRS Color Controls Window 3 2 1 1 1 4 The Unique Card Settings tab U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 92 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual is shown in Figure 3 18 below and allows the user to specify and configure certain hardware and software features within the LRRS application These include the FFT Controls for customizing the spectral displays the Bitsync Lock Status controls for specifying certain bit sync behaviors the IF Auto Settings controls for enabling certain interconnection options for the receivers and or downconverters associated with LRRS and the Downconverter IF Factor parameter used in determining the co
137. le 4 1 Equipment Used for LS 28 Testing amp Troubleshooting Digital Storage Oscilloscope Automated E No Test Set with Calibrated Noise FastBit 100A Source BOISE 72 087 RF Power Meter o Z SSS ooo o Two way RF Power Splitter 15542 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 145 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 4 2 Preventive Maintenance LS 28 preventative maintenance should consist of periodic visual inspections and alignments adjustments to detect and correct any deterioration to either the LS 28 systems physical integrity or operational performance It 1s recommended that both a visual inspection be performed semi annually and a performance test be performed either annually or when operational performance dictates 4 23 Visual Inspection An external visual inspection of the LS 28 should be performed on a periodic basis to avoid any possible malfunctions that may be mechanical or electrical in nature All LS 28 system components should be visually inspected semi annually after any CCA has been removed and re installed and after any repairs have been made Inspection of the unit should include but not be limited to the following items e Examine the LS 28 chassis for dents loose or missing screws scratches and or marred painted surfaces e Check all visible exterior screws for tightness e Clean all outer surfaces of the chassis using a dampened cloth mild detergent can be used e Inspect all external c
138. level is 75 dB Hz Note the spreading out of the four images in the quadrants In general the fuzzier the appearance the more noise that is present C N dB Hz Calculated Perhaps the most powerful feature of the modulator is the built in noise generator Value Shown With the noise generator the user may add very precise levels of additive white Based on Ey No Gaussian noise AWGN to the signal With this feature the user can create a modulated signal with virtually any signal to noise ratio desired The user sets the noise level by invoking the C No command and entering the desired noise in dB Hz Noise levels may range between 0 and 110 dB Hz The modulator parameter setup GUI also has a slider control for the noise level Slider Control U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 115 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Table 3 3 Test Modulator Sweep Parameters Toggle On Off Button Sweep Rate Hz Sec Start Freq MHz To support quadrature modulation formats the test modulator has two independent PCM data sources Designated as PCM ENCODER and PCM ENCODER2 these two data sources can be used to generate a variety of data patters for both the TI and Q channels in a quadrature modulation scheme Each encoder has a variety of data sources that are shown in the table below For normal self test the Data Source defaults to TX BERT Table 3 4 Test Modulator Data Source The operational parameters f
139. lloscope Timebase Control Mode by clicking on the Timebase button in the lower portion of the oscope display With the timebase control the user may select fourteen 14 different display timebase settings The range of timebase settings depends on the sample size selected from the Oscope Samples Control Mode see above for more details and range from 640 ns to 0 10 s The Timebase setting time division is display as shown right in the upper left corner of the display area U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 144 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 4 System Maintenance 4 1 Introduction This section provides information and instructions for LS 28 system preventative and corrective maintenance The maintenance concept for the LS 28 consists of sending the system back to the factory in its special shipping case for repair Lumistar does not recommend the removal and replacement of faulty components in the field due to the sometimes complex cabling issues encountered in removing certain CCAs The LS 69 for example see Figure 1 15 on page 28 has approximately thirty 30 interconnecting cables any one of which when misconnected can cause complete system failure It is better to leave CCA replacement to the factory 4 1 Test Equipment Requirements Table 4 1 below lists the special tools and test equipment required for LS 28 maintenance testing and troubleshooting Equivalent test equipment may be substituted as required Tab
140. llow it to more quickly or more slowly change the absolute receiver gain as a function of RF input level These time constants vary from 0 1 milliseconds to 1000 milliseconds in decade steps 1 e 0 1 1 0 10 0 100 and 1000 milliseconds When using any receiver in an application that requires antenna auto tracking the AGC Time Constant must be set to a value that is commensurate with the antenna system s tracking ability When using the LS28 in a data only application the value of the AGC Time Constant is typically set to its fastest value although this has no affect on the quality of the received data For example if the antenna system 1s a conical scan system with a 30 Hz rotating offset waveguide feed very common the AGC Time Constant must be set to 100 milliseconds or slower If this parameter is set any faster under these conditions the faster AGC response of the receiver will track out of eliminate the 30 Hz amplitude modulation produced by the antenna thus rendering the antenna system incapable of auto tracking For newer and faster e scan electronically scanned no moving parts antenna systems fixed and variable scan rates of 1000 Hz and higher are possible Experience and calculation has shown that a time constant of 10 milliseconds 1s adequate for a 1 KHz scan rate It 1s best to consult with the antenna manufacturer to determine best AGC Time Constant settings in this application Legacy analog receivers employ a single AGC
141. mon modulation formats used in terrestrial and satellite telemetry scenarios The modulator functionality of the LS 28 also supports some forward error correction coding schemes used in satellite telemetry applications Perhaps the most powerful feature of the modulator is the built in noise generator With the noise generator the user may add very precise levels of additive white Gaussian noise AWGN to the signal With this feature the user can create a modulated signal with virtually any signal to noise ratio desired This capability is extremely useful in a variety of testing scenarios including the BER performance of diversity combiners and receivers and the characterization of error detection and correction hardware The specific capabilities of the test modulator are determined at the time of purchase via the firmware license configuration As with most LS 28 features changes or additions to the firmware license configuration may be made at any time after purchase by simply installing a new license file obtained from the factory In this way new or additional features can be added to the LS 28 without changing the base hardware Unless specified otherwise by the customer ALL of the features and capabilities of the modulator are enabled by default The Test tab shown in Figure 3 28 on page 114 has two sub tabs Modulator and BER The Modulator tab in turn has three sub tabs Primary Secondary and Misc 3 2 1 4 3 1 Test Modulator Sub Tab
142. mp Maintenance Manual 3 20 More User Controls Behind the Curtain and Under the hood The CCP page and its controls and displays may satisfy the majority of operational needs for most users but in certain circumstances there are just some things that the CCP page alone can t do In these scenarios a GUI with more functional granularity is called for If the user wishes to go behind the curtain or look under the hood of the LRRS application metaphorically speaking then the original LRRS launch banner is the place to start 3 2 1 Main Launch Banner Start the setup process by double clicking the LRRS icon on the desktop of the computer where the hardware is installed The resulting window is shown below Project View Setup Logging Tools Help About Receiver 1 61 HE DENN A DNNN The main LRRS application launch banner has seven commands System Project View Setup Tools About and Factory Each of these commands will be further discussed in the following numbered paragraphs Below the commands are one or more demodulator card status displays Each demodulator has up to two channels of status that consists of input RF power level dBm Carrier Lock indicator and Bit Sync Lock indicator Green indicated a lock state Yellow indicates an unlocked state Note When the demodulator is NOT in combiner mode independent mode the status for BOTH channel 1 and channel 2 will be shown see above When in
143. n kHz ee Carrier In kHz 5 0 mpn reg dic Output Level Vpp 2 Se Go Output Level dBm 20 0 Output Level Vpp ee Status Mode Downconvert Carrier Qut kHz 51 m Cartier in kHz 70000 0 Output Freq kHz 5 0 b Level Vpp 20 Output Level Vpp ie 2 0 Two Channel Downconverter setup One Channel Upconverter setup Figure 4 8 Possible LS 37 P95 Setup Configurations At the top of each card setup window regardless of mode are two buttons Reset and Reload FPGA The Reset button causes the various software amp firmware FPGA algorithms involved in up down conversion to restart to their initial states and begin running The Reload FPGA button does what the name implies it forces the FPGA on the LS 37 to reload firmware after the application has started running In general neither button will ordinarily be invoked by the user during normal operation They are present in the GUI for U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 156 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual test troubleshooting scenarios and should only be used as directed by Lumistar customer support Below the Reset amp Reload FPGA buttons on the card setup GUI are separate Setup and Status areas The Setup area will have a single button that indicates the current mode state Upconvert or Downconvert This button acts as a toggle click on it to change the mode Below the mode button is a numeric display of the frequency cu
144. n Technical Data and Computer Software clause in DFARS 252 227 7013 Lumistar Inc and its logo are trademarks of Lumistar Inc All other brand names and product names contained in this document are trademarks registered trademarks or trade names of their respective holders O 2013 Lumistar Inc All rights reserved Lumistar Inc 5870 El Camino Real Carlsbad CA 92008 760 431 2181 760 431 2665 Fax www lumi star com LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS L X ttoduclofissassesdont dope bem adatti t eas tO sme onteesatnnestanand ONERE 11 1 1 GENERAL INFORMATION icasiscocsssiecuetaniuvichosaaducvndisinscadnedactedeasnabearadvanvsoionecetaatenneteds 11 I dE 10616 0 QI D uL INIM IM I UI Pee ere Eee err ee MI i LI Warranty Information eer e eat a a betur ea ul atit 11 1 1 1 2 List of Abbreviations amp Acronyms eeeeeeeesssseeeeeeeeeeeeenennnnnn 12 1 2 EOUIPMENT DESCRIPTION i jceidntariontecs eei eate tet metae bn nto 12 Id LS 28 Characteristics Capabilities and Features ess T2 d E5043 SIEM COM DON CNIS ist eio oi SERRA MESE A 13 1224 15 28 4U C BASIS ost tad teh acted a duca bua s 14 12 2 1 1 Front Panel ASSEM y acere e IS P dee ente eie etn us 18 12 212 Syse POWSESUDDDL sh con o imos Gestion ie aet s 19 1 2 2 1 3 SATA Hard Disk Drive amp CD ROM Drive sess 20 1 2 2 1 4 CPU Motherboard LS 28 DRS see 21 1 2
145. n frequency over which the LS 35 will attempt to lock or acquire the signal prior to demodulation In general the numerical sum of the Peak Deviation Index and the Peak Deviation Index Delta shall be less than or equal to 1 0 This defines the limits over which the FM demodulator can operate with under over deviated FM signals Each demodulator in the LS 28 can receive an input from one of three possible sources The Input Source parameter allows the user to specify one of these three inputs or to essentially deactivate the demodulator by selecting the OFF command The demodulator may be connected to input channels 1 or 2 CH1 CH2 or the pre detection IF combiner COMB Restart Acquisition Button The carrier acquisition process may be restarted at any time by the user by clicking the Restart Acquisition Button This action restarts the carrier acquisition phase lock loop from its initial condition One should do this whenever any of the receiver parameters being U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 103 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual discussed in these pages are changed In fact is should be noted that simply changing any of the receiver parameters may not have an immediate effect on the state of the carrier acquisition The acquisition loop may be stuck in a certain state for example The restart returns the loop to its original state where a new set of initial conditions resulting from a parameter change can
146. nal outputs on the rear panel assembly see Figure 4 4 on page 151 using some of the test equipment called out in Figure 4 1 on page 149 The detailed procedure for this test follows below CARD 1 Setup File gt CARD 1 Setup File gt File File art IC E MELC zr Ir set Operation Outputs Test Configuration Operation Outputs Test Configuration Modulator Modulator BIER Primary Secondary Misc FESE ARSIKERE CARD 1 CH2 Modulator Sweep Input Source Direct Sweep State OFF und mx D Stat RD rig ie Received d Vedi o MM eg WC DM ieee Pause Lock Lose Count 64827 Total Errar Bts 0 SAAN RURALI EA Start Freq MHz 0 0000 NA aa A Carrier Amplitude dBm 9 4 Stop Freq MHz 0 0000 Inversion Count Error Rate 0 0E 0 Modulation Mode DIR_PSK Stop Freq 2 MHz Hoo rw Reset Statistics no Muss OGRE TO Stop Freq 3 MHz ano T Carrier Enabled E Sweep Mode Continuous Input Source RCVR1 Modulation Enabled L Clock Polarity NORMAL Noise Enabled ENSE State Progress 0 96 C No dB Hz 75 0 BER Averaging LE amp BER Sample d secs 5 Est Eb No 15 0 Single Continuous SP Avg Errors XXXXXXXX Avg BER XXXXXXXX BER Status OFF PCM EHCODER1 PCM ENCODER Pattern Select PRN 11 Data Source TX BERT Data Source TX BERT Progress Output Code NRZL Output Code NRZL TX BERT Polarity Invert E Bit Rate 1000000 Data Clock T Pattern Select PRN 11 Xm
147. nclude JF BW MHz second downconverter IF bandwidth in MHz AGC TC msec automatic gain control time constant in microseconds DAGC Profile digital automatic gain control profile and Pri IF Out Sel primary 2nd IF output select In addition to these changeable secondary parameters there are also measured parameters such as RF Level dBm AM Freq Hz AM Index 96 and PLL Lock Status These measured parameters are displayed at the bottom of the RF block Receiver 1z Setup File gt j E RECEI ER 1 Setup File gt SET 1 File Eile 57 57 E e 53 54 a Test Configuration IRIG i Test Configuration Frequency MHz 2250 50 IF Receiver Frequency MHz 2250 00 IF Receiver Modulation PCM_FM IF Modulation SOQPSK_TG IF mtr Info Data Rate Mbps 1 000 Restart Acquisition Data Rate Mbps 10 000 Restart Acquisition Input Data Code NRZL Data Code NRZL Bit Sync Acq Range 96 0 100 Bit Sync Acq LEWY 96 1 000 Bit Sync LBW 96 1 000 Bit Sync Trk LBVY 96 1 000 FIR F Filter BW MHz 1 54 Carrier IF Filter BYY MHz 7 800 Freq MHz 70 00 Carrier Freq MHz Carrier Acq Range kHz Y Carrier Acq Range Hz AGC Freeze Carrier Acq Mode Carrier Acq LBW kHz AGC Freeze Carrier Acq LBVY AGC Zero Carrier Trk LBW kHz di Carrier Trk LBVY 96 Carrier Thresh dBm i Carrier Thresh dBm Frequency MHz 2250 50 MHz Peak Deviation Index 0 35 Frequency MHz 2250 00 Input Sourc
148. nge with combiner mode Rather these combiner modes are needed in the automation of certain GUI functions For example when the user selects the polarization mode the software will automatically set the tuner frequency of both of the associated downconverters to the same frequency irrespective to what they were originally set to In this case if the second receiver input was set to combiner for example then the tuner frequency set for the second downconverter would also automatically be set to the same frequency for the first downconverter This type of automation is intended to help prevent what might be called cockpit error on the part of the user By contrast when the user selects the frequency combiner mode no such downconverter tuning automation takes place as by definition frequency diversity employs two different frequencies Signal Bandwidth As part of the combining process described earlier the LS 35 measures the S N ratio of each input channel Associated with this measurement are bandpass filtering networks with their associated signal bandwidth In normal operation the software s automation sets the bandwidth of these filters automatically based upon parameters such as data rate modulation type code format etc The advanced user can however override these settings and enter a different bandwidth value in MHz by invoking the Signal Bandwidth command Changing the signal bandwidth value is not recommended however
149. ntenance Manual 3 2 1 3 View Command The main View command has three subcommands Widget Display Page O Scope and Error Logs 3x Ver 140d 093 14 51 38 63 Project View Setup Logging Tools Help About Receiver 1 amp 1 Widget Display Page O Scope Error Logs Each card group installed in the system has a Widget Display Page associated with it see paragraph 3 2 2 on page 134 for more information When invoked for the first time the widget display page comes up empty and is in essence a blank canvas To this empty page the user may add graphical objects called widgets These graphical objects include Spectral Displays see paragraph 3 2 2 1 on page 135 for more information Constellation Displays see paragraph 3 2 2 2 on page 137 for more information Received Signal Strength Indication RSSI strip chart displays see paragraph 3 2 2 3 on page 137 for more information and Status Displays see paragraph 3 2 2 4 on page 138 for more information All are contained within the confines of the Widget Display Page which may be re sized by the user Also each card group installed in the system has an Oscilloscope display that may be invoked by the user The O Scope Display see paragraph 3 2 4 on page 140 for more information is separate from the Widget Display Page and may be positioned independently on the screen by the user 3 2 1 4 Card Setup Window The Setup command has two sub commands System Lev
150. nts of the AGC versus power curve 1 e the power level and AGC voltage produced at these endpoints All points in between create a straight line between the endpoints with dB in the Y axis and Volts in the X axis or dB V 3 1 1 1 9 The Large Status Display Widget At the top right hand portion of the dual channel CCP page shown in Figure 3 1 on page 69 is the LARGE command button Clicking on this button in the CCP page will invoke a large graphical display widget that presents the tabular values for channel nput Power Level dBm channel Ey No dB FM Carrier Deviation and Bit Sync Lock Status This includes the status of the third demodulator in the R2D3 variant of the dual channel LS 28 DRS The exact appearance of this display will depend on the demodulation mode and combiner state that the system is currently operating in Examples of some of these Large displays are shows in Figure 3 13 below dBm Eb No LOCK DEV dBm Eb No LOCK DEV CH1 108 21 1 YES 0 35 CH1 110 13 5 WES 0 00 CH2 110 21 2 MMMM 0 35 CH2 110 13 5 6 0 00 COMB COMB dBm Eb No LOCK DEV dBm Eb No LOCK DEV CH1 59 200 M 035 CH1 61 200 B 0 00 CH2 58 200 Wa 035 CH2 61 20 0 EBD 0 00 COMB 23 0 MEE 0 35 COMB 22 9 MEN 000 Figure 3 13 Large Status Display Examples U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 86 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations a
151. o use As new modulation formats are added via firmware update they will also appear in the list shown right Selection of certain modulation formats will affect some of the commands available in the modulation parameters menu For example the PCM FM mode will enable the FM Peak Deviation Factor command Carrier Checkbox The user may turn on or off the carrier by checking un checking the Carrier Enable Enabled On Off checkbox The default setting is disenabled When not checked no signal will be present on the modulator output except for the noise floor of the modulator Modulation Checkbox The user may turn on or off the modulation of the carrier by checking un checking Enabled On Off the Modulation Enable checkbox The default setting is disenabled When not checked the only signal present on the modulator output will be the carrier unless it 1s also disabled Noise Checkbox To enable the addition of noise with the modulated signal the user must select the Enabled On Off Noise Enable checkbox When selected noise with the C N level specified by the user is added to the signal The effect of the added noise to the signal is most easily seen visually by examining the signal s spectrum The top figure below shows an example of a spectrum SOQPSK with a C No noise level of 75 dB Hz In the bottom figure below the addition of noise can also be seen in the I Q constellation display of quadrature modulation schemes Again the C No noise
152. ocated to each selected parameter is specified in the Col Width row in Channel 1 Ni 12 12 12 12 TIME CH_1 CH 1 CH 1 CH 1 CH 1 IF Car Pwr IFCarFrgq X Deviation Eb No dBm MHz Channel 2 Y Y 12 12 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 Hdr Line 3 dBm MHz Pct 2 6 2 N N N Hdr Line 2 IF Car Pwr FCarFrq Deviation em Y N 12 CH_2 Eb No dB 2 N the matrix The user may add up to three lines of descriptive labels for each selected parameter by entering text in the Hdr Line 1 2 3 rows in the matrix The number of decimal places for each selected parameter is set in the Dec Places row in the matrix Finally the numeric values may be display in scientific notation by entering a Y or N in the Scientific row in the matrix The parameter AEAN Reo URREUSE sclection and configuration is performed for both channel 1 and channel 2 3 2 1 1 2 The System Force FPGA Load at Startup sub command System gt Force FPGA Load at Startup does what the name implies it forces the two FPGAs on the LS 35 to load firmware as a result of launching the application the default is for the application to NOT load the firmware at application startup 3 2 1 1 3 The System Hardware Configuration sub command System gt Hardware Configuration invokes the setup window shown in Figure 3 20 below This command is not typically invoked by the end user but rather in the initial phases of installing and configuring the LRRS application at
153. of this parameter is off unchecked e View Detailed Receiver Setup Check this box and both the RF and IF information blocks will disappear from the Operation tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 1 on page 99 in the Card Setup Window see Figure 3 22 on page 100 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 89 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual e Connect to LDPS Selecting this option enables a shared memory interface between the LRRS application and the Lumistar LDPS application e CCP Mode By selecting this option the CCP page GUI will be displayed when ever the LRRS application 1s launched e CCP Mode OScope Usage By selecting this option the OScope display feature will be enabled when the CCP page is displayed at application startup e Data Rate Entry in Bps By selecting this option the operator will be required to enter the data rate in Bits Per Second BPS If this option 1s NOT selected then the operator must enter the data rate in MBPS e Log Receiver Parameters Rate This control allows the operator to select from several different sampling rates when the Receiver Parameter recording function 1s enabled The sample update rate include 1 5 10 and 25 Hz Below the Operation block is the Startup controls for the LRRS application The Startup configuration for the LRRS application includes the following features Load Last State If this option 1s selected then the last valid hardware state not saved in any s
154. oni n Neto una tacere retis 66 2 1 GENERAL INFORMATION rren a e dita E oM hae Ea E 66 2 2 UNPACKING AND HANDLING 03 3 24 bicdhcbeonsie e aE E 66 2 957 JNSTAELATION oara h a E E ante te eee 67 2 4 STORAGE AND PACKAGING FOR RE SHIPMENT cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 67 3 ADV SUSI ODCPIHOPN easa a es tut E Ne Landau 68 3 1 OVERVIEW THE LRRS APPLICATION amp OPERATING SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT 68 3 1 1 The Common Controls PASC CCP is sen tatadetvictanivenadanaveasuantertndateleectantsace 69 Jell Anitomy otte COP Paben a weiss 71 SLT Operational MOGO uite eee sec omma d IE AT i 12 SELL Primary Paramete Sse a A elit E 73 SD Secondary Parane el Sooni a tas NA 75 DELTA Spectron Displayer rtr Ae hee epa ente Tute eer ens 71 SLRS PSK Constelaton DISplay 2e nct EH D REUS 79 S 1 1 6 OSCOPCADISDIAY S ee ec tnb REN o Can aem E p s 80 Sel Channel Stas DIS DAY enera ipie tet pa NE 83 2S L S RF And AGE SIUS e a 85 3 1 1 1 9 The Large Status Display Widget sseeeesesesssssses 86 3 2 MORE USER CONTROLS BEHIND THE CURTAIN AND UNDER THE HOOD 87 3 2 1 MUT Laune h DONC aieo bp Asante td athe eap ILC LU ahs 87 Scl Sy CITC OMMAN eaten en m donet utere ub ot padece tare caet 87 3 2 1 1 1 The System Options sub command esses 88 ILLETI ne Directory 140 tern oe ieee a botes 88 2 2411 4 2 The OpetattOns aD uncus deueeieti t toe to ooh ertt ce E eorr ht reae 89 S
155. onnecting cables connectors and receptacles for corrosion and any loose connections e Inspect for frayed or cut insulation at all connecting cables as well as the back shell cable bracing areas e Inspect all connecting cables for any kinks or strain caused by improper installation or placement e Tighten all loose mounting nuts It is also an excellent idea to visually inspect the internal cabling and card slot seating whenever the system 1s shipped or transported in its shipping case 4 2 2 Air Filter Cleaning Depending on the specific environment that the LS 28 system s is installed in it will be necessary to periodically remove and clean the air filter located on the front door assembly of the chassis How frequently this 1s required 1s dependent on the environment that the unit is installed in At a minimum it 1s recommended that the filter should be removed and cleaned every three months In dirtier environments with a great deal of airborne dust this cleaning interval may have to be increased To clean the filter loosen the two captive screws on the filter holder subassembly on the front door and remove the air filter Clean the filter by rinsing the filter in warm water until the water running through the filter 1s clear Air dry the filter and re install into the front door U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 146 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 4 2 5 Hard disk Care Preventive maintenance of the system
156. ope only sweeps if the input signal reaches the set trigger condition Auto mode causes the oscilloscope to sweep even without a trigger Oscilloscope Trigger Slope Select the Oscilloscope Trigger Slope by clicking Clock Edge button in the lower portion of the time domain display The Trigger Slope Mode has four sub modes Rising Edge Falling U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 81 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Edge Either Edge or Free Run In the Rising Edge mode a positive transition rising edge will trigger the display In the Falling Edge mode a negative transition falling edge will trigger the display For the Either Edge mode both a rising or falling edge will trigger the display In the Fee Run mode the trigger conditions rising falling edges are ignored and the display continuously updates Oscilloscope Samples Select the Oscilloscope Sample size by right clicking in the lower portion of the time domain display The Oscilloscope Sample Mode has two sub modes 256 and 512 samples U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 82 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 1 7 Channel Status Display In addition to the primary and secondary parameters described earlier there are up to six measured parameters associated with the operational state of the demodulator that are displayed in the Channel Status Display functional area see Figure 3 3 on page 71 These include ZF Level dBm E No dB
157. or channel 2 signal shown in Figure 4 4 on page 151 to the spectrum analyzer and inspect the spectral envelope shape Make sure that the frequency span of the analyzer 1s slightly wider than the SAW filter value shown in the RF block of the Operation tab see Figure 3 22 on page 100 Now briefly disconnect the RF input to channel 2 or better yet turn off the carrier on the signal generator and inspect the resulting spectral display and make sure that there are no spurious signals showing up in band If there are any spurious signals choose a different tuner frequency and start the procedure over again from Step 3 Step 5 Connect the CLK2 and DAT2 signals on the rear I O panel see Figure 4 4 on page 151 to the clock and data inputs of the external bit error rate tester as shown in Figure 4 1 on page 149 Configure the external BERT to receive a 1 MBPS data stream with the same data pattern set on the signal generator in Step 3 Step 6 With the 1 MBPS FM signal now applied to both RF channels of the LS 28 verify that the input RF power levels for each channel are shown correctly 50 dBm in the RF block of the Operation tab see Figure 3 22 on page 100 Verify that the Carrier Lock indicator and Bit Sync Lock indicator are Green indicating a lock state Yellow indicates an unlocked state Finally verify that the external BERT is in lock with the PRN pattern and that there are no error being taken Step 7 Begin slowly lowering the outpu
158. or percentage for both symbols and bits In order to successfully use the Viterbi decoder the original bit stream at the sending end must first be Convolutional Encoded prior to transmission U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 110 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Viterbi Rate Mode The Viterbi decoder in the bit synchronizer supports three code rates including rate 1 2 rate 1 3 and rate 3 4 To select the desired code rate invoke the Rate Mode command and select the desired rate from the menu In general the code rate 1s a measure of the efficiency of the code A rate 1 2 code for example produces two output bits for every one input bit A rate 1 3 code produces three output bits for every one input bit while a rate 3 4 code produces four output bits for every three input bits Viterbi Symbol Order The convolutional encoder produces pairs of code symbols in a sequential manner To decode the symbols correctly the Viterbi decoder must match the temporal order of the symbols it receives The user selects this order by invoking the Symbol Order command Two symbol orders are available G1 followed by G2 and the reverse G2 followed by G1 Invert G1 G2 Checkboxes The user may also independently invert the logic sense of the G1 symbols the G2 symbols or both by checking the Invert Gl and Invert G2 checkboxes 3 2 1 4 2 5 AM Level Controls The AM Level control has two sub modes Standard and Custom radio buttons
159. or the transmission bit error rate tester or TX BERT are shown in the table below In addition to Bit Rate the user may select a number of useful data patters as well as a custom defined pattern with length and pattern value specified by the user The user may also elect to selectively invert the Data Clock or both with the corresponding check boxes Table 3 5 Test Modulator TX BERT Parameters Value Set Bit Error Rate Value Prn Pattern ZERO S ONE S One Zero PRN 11 PRN 15 PRN 17 USER Length HEX Pattern 0xABCD U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 116 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 3 2 Test Modulator Sub Tab Secondary The Test Modulator Secondary sub tab shown in Figure 3 29 below has four parameter groups that deal with subcarrier and quadrature modulation data issues These parameter groups include FM Peak Deviation Factor PSK PM Mod Index Radians Sub Carrier and Routing RECEIVER 1 Setup File gt SET 1 When the user selects the FM File 5 EM NEM s NEED NN modulation type the FM Peak Operation Outputs Test Configuration Deviation Factor command becomes enabled not grey The user may enter the peak FM deviation of the carrier in the bro range from 0 1 to 0 9 with 0 35 araa reee being the default FM deviation Subcarrier 1 Rate Hz 17 BOUL 2 Suo aaa ouem outside this range is not supported Routing TUN cupio NES by the modulator The effect o
160. ows below Procedure Step 1 Turn on the LS 28 and after boot up launch the LRRS application by double clicking on its icon in the desktop Step 2 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 162 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Once the LRRS application has started dismiss the CCP page if it is running and from the main LRRS launch banner invoke the Operation tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 1 1 on page 99 and set the tuner frequency for both channels in the group to any single frequency that the LS 28 is capable of tuning Set the modulation mode to Independent FM a firmware load change may be required and set the data rate to 1 MBPS Do this for all card groups configured in the system Step 3 Set up the RF signal generator to output the single frequency set in step 2 Set the output power level of the generator to 50 dBm Then turn on FM modulation of this carrier frequency Set the frequency deviation to 350 KHz on the signal generator and FM modulate the carrier with a 1 MBPS data stream using a PRN pattern of ones choosing Connect the RF output of the signal generator to a two way power splitter as shown in Figure 4 1 on page 149 Using the RF power meter measure the output of channel 2 and re adjust the level to once again be 50 dBm re adjust the RF generator output power level as needed Connect the two output of the splitter to the CH1 and CH2 inputs of the LS 28 Step 4 Connect the FOUT2 70 MHz IF output f
161. p parameters are shown in Table 3 3 on page 116 The Sweep function allows the user to dynamically vary the center frequency of the 70 MHz carrier output of the test modulator The user has control over the starting and ending frequency as well as several intermediate frequencies in between and how fast the frequency changes in rate Hz Sec The sweep may be a single event or a continuous repeating process To initiate the sweep click on the Start button The progress of the sweep is shown in the Sweep State Progress bar graph To interrupt the sweep click on the Pause button To resume click the Pause button again To permanently end the sweep click on the Stop button U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 114 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Table 3 2 Test Modulator Parameters The modulator in LRRS produces a 70 MHz IF output signal that is available on the boards face plate at SMB connector J1 Normally the IF output signal comes from the modulator However a second option is available The output of the pre detection combiner if available is also accessible at connector J1 by invoking the Input Source command and selecting Combiner The default selection for the input source command is Direct and connects the modulator output to connector J1 Carrier Freq Value The Carrier Frequency command allows the user to change the default 70 MHz MHz value of the carrier signal For example one might do this to simulate
162. plate I O signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 21 on page33 The rear I O connector signals for the card are shown in detail in Figure 1 22 on page 34 r LIVE CES a is ee ke a Men JOD Figure 1 20 LS 35 Dual Channel Multi Mode Demodulator CCA U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 32 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual LS3x Faceplate I O Diagram nn SW1 Logic A DOT Internal Reference No DOT External Reference 10MHz Reference O J7 IF Modulator Output J1 Baseband Output 2 J2 Baseband Output 1 J3 IF Input 1 J4 IF Input 2 J5 Baseband Input J6 BIBIBIBIBIO S Discrete I O J8 See table J8 Discrete I O Connector pees Pin Signal Name Pin SignaiName Pin Signal Name wwe Format et RCVR2 Data eue PETER n RCVR2 Data o4 a 2 RCVR2QCKk wr 11 Ground 20 REVR20Data ow wr 3 RCVR2 CIk out 422 2 Ground RCVR2 Cik Os am 4 RCVR2ICIK 13 Ground RCVR2 I Data O4 5 RCVRi Data Os 42 14 Ground RCVR1 Data Os 24 RCVR1 Q Data ow 16 Ground 25 RCVRICIkK C ow L 9 AMIRIG Time Input n meson 18 Ground Figure 1 21 LS 35 Faceplate I O Signal Diagram 6 RCVR1 Q Cik Ow svrm 7 RCVRI Cik Ow m U9280103 Lumist
163. provement from a diversity combiner occurs in a fading environment when the two channels fade independently When one channel is in a fade there is a good chance that the other channel will not be in a fade and so the effect of the fade 1s completely mitigated Only when both channels fade does the combined signal fade A diversity combiner provides the additional performance advantage of providing gain by phase aligning and optimally combining the two signals Combining prior to demodulation pre detection U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 57 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual makes that gain available to the receiver s tracking process and significantly reduces the chances of the receiver loosing lock The LS 35 combiner measures the relative phase of the two signals and the Signal to Noise Ratio SNR of each channel The phase of the weaker signal is adjusted to match the stronger signal In a multi path environment rapid phase fluctuations occur in the deepest part of the fade By adjusting the phase of the weak signal to that of the strong signal the rapid phase fluctuations are mitigated The amplitudes are adjusted based on the ratio of the two SNR measurements to provide a maximal ratio combining This means that if the two signals have different SNRs then the signal with the lower SNR will be attenuated relative to the signal with the stronger SNR ensuring that weak or faded signals do not negatively affect the com
164. que Card Settings Fit Record Setup A800 E Cancel Figure 3 14 System Options Control Window Directory Tab U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 88 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 1 1 2 The Operations tab is shown in Figure 3 15 below allows the user to setup and configure the individual peculiarities of how the LRRS application works This includes those things that occur automatically upon the Startup of the LRRS application as well as the Operation and Shutdown of the application Some default parameter settings are also included for the Receiver on this tab OE M pices ug mss 3 ister nO ItIC oth tops nes Directory Operations utiity Unique Card Settings Fit Record Setup iv iV iv iv Iv Iv jv iv iv Figure 3 15 System Options Control Window Operations Tab The Operation section allows the user to setup and configure the individual peculiarities of how the LRRS application works The operational configuration for LRRS includes the following features e Disable PC Speaker By selecting this option audio warnings generated by the application will be disabled The default state of this parameter 1s off unchecked e Hardcopy as BMP Check this box and all hardcopies made by the application will be saved as Windows BMP files in the hardcopy directory selected in the directory options Otherwise the hardcopies will be saved as JPG files The default state
165. r Freq MHz 70 0000 Sweep Rate Hz Sec 0 Pause Sweep Offset Hz 0 Start Freq Mhz 0000 Enable check boxes as well as Carrier Amplitude dBm 9 Coto a Stop Freq MHz Modulation Mode DIR PSK Stop Freq 2 MHz configuring the internal signal Modulation Type SOGPSK TG Stop Freq 3 MHz Carrier Enabled m Sweep Mode Continuous connection paths needed to Modulation Enabled a Primary Secondary Misc Mee m Sa connect the test modulator output m se with the inputs to the demodulator s When the PCM_ENCODER1 PCM_ENCODER2 DataSource TX BERT DataSource TX BERT Loopback Mode check box is Output Code NRZL Output Code NRZL g engaged a warring message will TX BERT Polarity Invert 1 1 Bit Rate 1000000 Data Clock appear in the main launch banner Pattern Select PRN 11 Xmitted BER 0 0E 0 of the LRRS application as well as in the header of any open display widget pages This warring will remind the user that a loopback test is in progress and that no live data is actually being received Figure 3 28 Test Tab Modulator Sub Tab Primary The default state of the Loopback Mode is OFF If Loopback Mode is active and the LRRS application is re started then upon resumption of operations the Loopback Mode will again be OFF In other words the LRRS application can not start up automatically in Loopback Mode and must be invoked manually by the user The test modulator Swee
166. r Range Receiving System LVTTL Low Voltage Transistor Transistor Logic MB Mega Byte MBPS Mega Bits Per Second MIL STD Military Standard MRT Malicious Software Removal Tool NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization NRZL Non Return to Zero Level NRZM Non Return to Zero Mark NRZS Non Return to Zero Space NTSC National Television Standards Commission OQPSK Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying PAL Phase Alternating Line PC Personal Computer PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect PCM Pulse Code Modulation PM Phase Modulation PRN Pseudorandom Number PSK Phase Shift Keying QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying RAM Random Access Memory RF Radio Frequency RFI Radio Frequency Interference RNRZ Randomized Non Return to Zero Level U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 169 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual ROM Read Only Memory RSSI Receive Signal Strength Indication RX Receive RZ Return to Zero SATA Serial Advanced Technology Attachment SAW Surface Acoustic Wave SBC Single Board Computer SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SOQPSK Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying SOQPSK MIL Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Military SOQPSK TG Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying Test Group TB Tera Byte TC Time Constant TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol TCP and Internet Protocol IP TTL Transistor Transistor Logic TX Tr
167. r defined pattern first set the Pattern Select to USER This will alter the appearance of the GUI slightly Then invoke the Set User Pattern LO A E command Enter the length of the pattern followed by the pattern Bit Error Rate value in HEX U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 120 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual The resultant BER data is displayed in the lower right of the BER tab The Opoe ouie RERI average number of errors Avg Glock Polarity NORMAL ERRORS and bit error rate Avg BER INVERT ar displayed along with the BER Status BER Sample Rate Valueinseconds ON OFF and the Progress of the count Pattern Select ZERO S in seconds ONE S PRN 11 PRN 15 Table 3 7 BER Commands PRN 17 USER Set User Pattern Value Number of Bits Value Pattern in Hex OxABCD U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 121 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 4 Configuration Tab The Configuration tab has four sub tabs User License Info DN Converters and Hardware Each tab is described in more detail in the following numbered paragraphs 3 2 1 4 4 1 User Sub Tab The User sub tab shown in Figure 3 32 below has five setup blocks Operational Mode Receiver Mode Combined Mode Group Designation and Stream Designation In the setup blocks with radio buttons the user may select one and only one option in the block A partic
168. rovides installation instructions for the Lumistar LS 28 Telemetry Range Receiver Combiner System This information includes unpacking and handling instructions system rack mount installation instructions instructions for system storage and packaging instructions for system transportation or re shipment 2 20 Unpacking and Handling The LS 28 is shipped as a complete unit in the ruggedized shipping and storage container shown in Figure 2 1 below The receiver chassis cables rack mount installation hardware software CD and User s Manual are shipped in this container Upon receiving the LS 28 open the shipping case and verify that all of the items listed in Table 2 1 are accounted for LS 28 Chassis 2 Chassis roller rails and attaching hardware mounts to chassis side panels 3 Chassis rack mount rails and attaching hardware mounts to equipment rack AC Power Cable Microsoft Windows Operating System Software CD Lumistar LRRS Application Software CD Depending on customer requirements either Windows 7 or Windows XP Pro U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 66 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 2 3 Installation The LS 28 is designed to be mounted into any standard 19 equipment rack and has the capability to be fully extended during operation and maintenance For installation perform the following steps e Verify that the AC power connection to the equipment rack has been disconnected or i
169. rrect IF bandwidth The Spectral displays offer several different types of graphical controls In addition to the standard slider controls shown in Spectrum Display Widget several additional control configurations are available To change the type of controls found on the displays select the appropriate radio button next to the desired option in the FFT Controls box The default control configuration is set to Slider Below Scope System Option In the Slider Only On Scope ie ct a a a a RS configuration the three sliders at the lower right of the display are moved to locations in the upper portion of the display For example the frequency span slider on the spectral display appears as a large horizontal scroll bar extending across the entire upper edge of the display The reference level slider on the spectral display appears as a large vertical scroll bar extending across the entire left edge of the display The dB division on the spectral display appears as single up down arrows in the upper left portion of the display In the Knob Only configuration the three horizontal Figure 3 18 System Options Control Window Unique Tab sliders at the lower right of the display are replaced by a single multi function virtual knob and a parameter selection button Clicking on the button will cycle through the available adjustment parameters To make an adjustment select a parameter and place the mouse cursor on the knob and click and hold th
170. rrently associated with the mode In Upconvert mode the Input Frequency MHz will be displayed In Downconvert mode the Output Frequency MHz will be displayed Irregardless of mode the user may change the frequency value by mouse clicking on the numeric value This will invoke the list of pre set frequencies shown right To select one of the pre set frequencies simply click on it To enter a custom value mouse click on the Custom entry This will invoke a numeric input box as shown below Enter a frequency value kHz between 50 kHz and 10 MHz and click on the OK button This will result in the update of the displayed numeric frequency value in the GUI Also be aware that the numeric bandwidth associated with any selected frequency will be 70 of the entered frequency value Below the numeric frequency display and only when in Downconverter mode is a slider bar control that allows the user to set the voltage Output Level Vpp of the converted signal The user may adjust the Output Level between 1 0 Vpp and 3 0 Vpp with 2 0 Vpp being the default Input Value between 5 amp 10000 xj Enter the output frequency in kHz Cancel To the right of the Setup area in the GUI is the Status area The Status area has numerical displays for parameters associated with the particular mode In Upconverter mode the Carrier Output kHz frequency 70 MHZ Carrier Input KHz frequency and Output Level dBm are displayed In Downconverter mode the
171. rrier acquisition range is 100 KHz Setting this parameter too narrow relative to the data rate could frustrate the demodulators ability to track the carrier in the presence of Doppler Setting the range too wide could make it possible for the acquisition loop to lock onto a signal other then the intended carrier For additional information on Doppler frequency shifts see the Technical Appendix article on this subject Before any data may be recovered from the input signal the carrier component of the signal must first be acquired and phase locked to The LS 28 demodulator has two modes of carrier acquisition UNAIDED and FFT In the unaided mode a conventional digital phase lock loop is employed to acquire the carrier This mode Lumistar Inc Page 102 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Table 3 1 IF Receiver Secondary Parameters 2 0 Default Carrier Acq LBW Carrier Trk 1 0 Default LBW Carrier Thresh 65 dBm dBm Default Peak 0 35 Deviation Default Index Peak 0 05 Deviation Default Index Delta Input Source Chl Ch2 or EXT works well for E No values greater than or equal to 3 0 dB For signal environments with very heavy Doppler the FFT carrier acquisition mode can be used In this mode a Fast Fourier Transform is performed on the input signal and the carrier location is isolated from the resulting spectrum It should be noted that the FFT mode is processor intensi
172. s Link Budget Frequency EN NENNEEEENIUS ERNEUT MHz Tx Power MEN NENEEEE as Watts bit Rote MT pm pT kbps Culcaletion Rasulte eM MAE a Im um 3 mU Free Space Attenuation dg or Minimum BEP Desired Tx Power dBm Hoise Factors Bit Rate dB LNA Noise Figure Et Ts Noise Temp 290 deg K dBm Hz LNA Gain Noise pyvr bit No dB Rx Noise Figure Rx pwrbit Eb dB Received Eb Mo dB Antenna Factors Fade Margin dB Tx Feed Loss Link Reliability Percent Tx Ant Gain Weather Polarization Rx Ant Gain Rx Feed Loss Figure 3 36 the Link Budget Tool Window U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 127 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 6 2 The Measurement Calculation Tool The Measurement Calculator is a virtual Swiss Army Knife of measurement calculations and offers a smorgasbord of handy numerical routines for a variety of different applications Each application area has a tab containing many different parameters and functions The user selects a particular parameter or function by right clicking and selecting the item The specific menus for each of the tabs are shown in the figures that follow MeasCalcII Yer 2 18 MeasCalcII Yer 2 05 Hardcopy About Hardcopy About RF RF Number Math Trig Date Time we 84 Misc PCM Data ORTAM IRF Functions Base Number Q Hex Bits In Number Bits To Rotate HUE Mo Ratio Watts Ratio To Db Bits Required for V Octal Db Power dBm Db to Power Ratio silt
173. s OFF e Remove the LS 28 from the shipping case and verify hardware contents against the packing list in Table 2 1 on page 66 Install the roller rails on both sides of the LS 28 chassis Install the rack mount rails on to the equipment rack Using two persons carefully lift and slide the LS 28 chassis into rack mount rails Connect the 15 pin VGA connector of an IBM PC compatible monitor to the video input connection VGA1 in the lower right corner of the rear panel of the LS 28 chassis e Connect an IBM PC compatible keyboard cable to the USB connector in the lower right corner of the rear panel of the LS 28 chassis e Connect a mouse trackball cable to the USB connector in the lower right corner of the rear panel of the LS 28 chassis e Connect the LS 28 chassis AC power cords to a standard 115 VAC power source 2 4 Storage and Packaging for Re Shipment When storing or transporting the LS 28 care must be taken to not exceed the environmental storage conditions of 20 to 70 degrees C at a relative humidity of 15 to 90 No special equipment is required for handling the LS 28 although standard and accepted practices and procedures for the handling of electronic instrumentation should be employed to avoid excessive shock and vibration The steps required for re packing the LS 28 are basically the reverse of those listed in paragraph 2 3 above U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 67 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manua
174. s effect 1s shown right in Figure 3 53 below 5120s 4 b r b Persistence None Persistence 4 0 Seconds Figure 3 53 Example of OScope Display Persistence Oscilloscope Trigger Mode Select the Oscilloscope Trigger Mode by right clicking in the lower portion of the time domain display The Trigger Mode has two sub modes Auto and Normal In normal mode the oscilloscope only sweeps if the input signal reaches the set trigger condition Auto mode causes the oscilloscope to sweep even without a trigger Oscilloscope Trigger Slope Select the Oscilloscope Trigger Slope by clicking Clock Edge button in the lower portion of the time domain display The Trigger Slope Mode has four sub modes Rising Edge Falling Edge Either Edge or Free Run In the Rising Edge mode a positive transition rising edge will trigger the display In the Falling Edge mode a negative transition falling edge will trigger the display For the Either Edge mode both a rising or falling edge will trigger the display In the Fee Run mode the trigger conditions rising falling edges are ignored and the display continuously updates Oscilloscope Samples Select the Oscilloscope Sample size by right clicking in the lower portion of the time domain display The Oscilloscope Sample Mode has two sub modes 256 and 512 samples U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 143 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Oscilloscope Timebase Control Select the Osci
175. s tab allows the user to configure the Stream Routing of the data after demodulation Because the LS 28 supports quadrature modulation schemes as well as Viterbi decoding error control the post demodulation signal routing is by necessity somewhat complex A simplified block diagram of the various signal paths is shown in Figure 3 25 below Invert Invert Output Output U Q CH 1 Q CH 1 Q CH Bit Sync Interleave Viterbi PCM Decoder Interleave Encoder Q CH Q CH Bit Syne Viterbi PCM Decoder Encoder Figure 3 25 Post Demodulation Stream Routing Stream Control There are two stream control modes Stream 1 Only see Figure 3 26 on page 109 and Stream 1 Stream 2 see Figure 3 27 on page 110 To invoke the command menu place the mouse cursor within the Routing area of the Outputs tab and right click The Stream 1 Only mode is used when the I and Q data streams have been multiplexed together into a single stream An example of this arrangement is the modulation format SOQPSK In ordinary QPSK the I and Q data streams are separate and would be supported by the Stream 1 Stream 2 mode U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 108 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Stream Swap Location When the stream control mode is set to Stream 1 Stream 2 as shown in Figure 3 27 on page 110 then the Stream Swap Location command has meaning and allows the I amp Q data streams to be swapped or exchanged in several locations The user may
176. signal has been digitized the resulting digital IF is filtered in the front end of the demodulator via a bank of FIR CIC bandpass filters the CIC filters being used for low data rates The bandwidths of these front end filters are determined automatically based upon parameters such as modulation type data rate code format FEC utilization etc The Carrier IF Filter Bandwidth item allows the user to override or change the filter bandwidth set by the software The user enters the IF bandwidth value in MHz Although the IF filter bandwidth may be changed by the user it should be noted that the default value is really the optimum and any changes should be made with great care The Carrier Frequency parameter allows the user to change the default 70 MHz frequency value for the incoming carrier signal For example one might do this to compensate for a know frequency offset in the input signal that is not caused by Doppler i e the frequency offset is fixed and not changing In normal operation the user should not change the carrier frequency from the default of 70 MHz In the carrier acquisition phase lock loop the Carrier Acquisition Range parameter in Hz defines the limit of how far the loop may be pulled relative to the center frequency of the loop as the loop tracks the carrier For example if the user were to set the range for 100 KHz then the loop would not track beyond plus or minus 50 KHz around the carrier The default value for the ca
177. smitted and or received and subsequently combined in the receiver Often the improvement in signal to noise ratio of the combined channel can approach 3 dB theoretical limit The combiner in the LS 28 supports multiple combining modes including frequency diversity polarization diversity and by extension spatial or antenna diversity In frequency diversity the signal is transmitted on several different frequency channels each affected by differing levels of frequency selective fading In polarization diversity multiple versions of a signal are transmitted and received via an antenna with multiple polarizations With spatial diversity the signal is transmitted over several different propagation paths Multiple receiving antennas are employed for each propagation path with each antenna seeing a different version of the same signal with differing levels of temporal signal fading Irrespective of the diversity mode the two input signals of the combiner are processed as shown in the figure below Each signal is dynamically phase and amplitude adjusted based upon the S N ratio of the respective channel The adjusted channels are then added together in quadrature to from the combined output The diagram in the figure below is a highly simplified version of the actual combiner with the all important magical details omitted U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 104 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual To enable the combiner mode
178. sync EH Lock CH 2 STATUS IF Level dBm 5 1 EbNo dB 15 7 Peak Deviation 0 35 Carrier Power dBm 15 89 Carrier Freq MHz 70 0726 Bitsync BS Lock Figure 3 9 CCP Page for the Dual Channel LS 28 DRS with OScope Display Selected Analog waveforms are displayed in the upper portion of the display area and the controls for the widget are in the bottom portion as shown in the figure below In the lower right corner of the widget are located the Timebase slider the Reference Level slider and the Volts Per Division control Trigger and Timebase controls are also located in the lower right corner of the widget U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 80 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Cursor Controls select the Cursor Control Mode by right clicking in the upper portion of the time domain display The Cursor Control Mode has three sub modes Off Voltage and Time Each in turn is discussed in the following paragraphs Voltage Cursors The Voltage Cursor mode is shown in Figure 3 51 on page 141 and is represented by two horizontal dotted lines Each marker line increases or decreases in voltage via the control shown on the display as indicated in the red square in the figure below Also note that the marker voltage and voltage delta are shown in the upper right of the display Time Cursors The Time Cursor mode is shown in Figure 3 52 on page 142 and is represented by two vertical dotted lines Each
179. t Aca Restart Acq Both Ch Control RestartAca Spectrum Receiver 1 Ch 1 Ch 1 Modulation PC Input Data Code NF Modulation gt Output Data Code Nf Data Rate SAW IF BW MHz 2C PCM Input Code dB V ven Video BY MHz 1C Output Code AGC Freeze 2 yes De cagihias l AGC TC msec 0 10 0 10 Data Polarity Normal Normal Clock Polarity invert Invert Figure 3 5 LRRS CCP Page Primary Parameters Modulation Each multi mode demodulator in the LS 28 can support a variety of modulation formats The list of specific formats is determined at the time of purchase via the firmware license file The complete list of formats include FM BPSK QPSK OQPSK DQPSK UQPSK AUQPSK PM SOQPSK TG and SOQPSK MIL The Modulation item allows the user to specify which demodulation format to use U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 73 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Tuner Frequency The LS 27 multi band RF downconverter used in the LS 28 concurrently supports up to three of the following five possible frequency bands The user may also select 70 MHz as an input frequency at any time in addition to the three possible bands 2185 5 2485 5 MHz NATO E Band 2200 5 2399 5 MHz S Band 1710 5 1849 5 MHz Upper L Band 1435 5 1539 5 MHz Lower L Band 215 5 319 5 MHz P Band To select a receive frequency click on the Frequency MHz item Enter the frequency in the resulting pop up dialog box and then clic
180. t RF power level of the signal generator until the external BERT begins taking errors at a rate of 1 x 10 BER On the LS 28 this should correspond to U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 163 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual an input RF power level of approximately 96 5 dBm for 1 MBPS FM Make note of the actual signal generator output power level setting Step 8 From the main LRRS launch banner invoke the Configuration tab User sub tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 4 1 on pagel22 and set the Combiner Mode to Pre D This should immediately result in the BER reported by the external BERT to return to ZERO errors The combined output for Pre D is on channel 2 Post D combined output is on channel 1 Step 9 Again begin slowly lowering the output RF power level of the signal generator until the external BERT again begins taking errors at a rate of 1 x 10 BER On the LS 28 this should correspond to an input RF power level of approximately 99 0 dBm for 1 MBPS FM As before make note of the actual signal generator output power level setting and subtract this value from the value obtained in Step 7 above The delta in the power level should be at least 2 dB and it typically 2 5 dB Step 10 Repeat this procedure for any additional card groups installed 1n the system 4 4 Recurring Maintenance Recurring maintenance includes updating the operational firmware and software that enables the LS 28 to function as a telemetry
181. t and checkout The analog front end performs pre conditioning of the 70 MHz IF input signal prior to acquisition Signal conditioning of the receiver and bit synchronizer outputs are also performed in the analog front end The digital processing engine is implemented in two large FPGAs and performs the functions of IF reception multi mode demodulation pre detection combing bit synchronization as well as the multi mode test modulator The all digital design and implementation assures a consistent product with high reliability and long term stability SW Logic DOT Internal Reference No DOT External Refersnce Analog Front End AFE 216MHz LPF IF Modulator Output J74 Baseband Output 2 24 35MHz LPF Baseband Output 1 3 ene Lee IF Input 1 J4 IF Input 2 J5 v 250MHz Baseband Input J6 Ao RADE Dig ak igital Attenuator 28MHz HPF S0MHz LPF Kp put J6 250MHz HE 42 bit ADC Digital VGA igital Attenuator 28MHz HPF SUMHz LPF Discre te FO 8 1 amp iei tables 6OMHz LPF Local Bus FPGA Bus zd o E a al ml ue n T a a 5 a 128MB DDR SDRAM Figure 1 33 Block Diagram LS 35 Demodulator Combiner Like the Chameleon the LS 35 can take on multiple functional personalities via different firmware loads The respective functional capabilities within a personality are individually enabled or disabled via a firmware license created at the factory at the time of order The addit
182. t that accurate because not enough errors were counted to be statistically significant at least 100 error needs to be counted The remedy count 100 errors if one has the time or increase the data rate Otherwise this test could take a long time U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 164 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 4 4 1 1 Updating the LRRS application When the LRRS application is installed on the LS 28 for the first time the installer creates a dedicated directory structure on the hard drive of the system This directory designated Lrrs_3x is shown in Figure 4 10 below nm gt Computer gt RAS gt Lumistar gt gt bers 3x gt ae v Include in library v Share with Burn New folder s amp RA344 C A Name i Jate modified Type d Intel 4 Lumistar 4 Lrrs 3x 4 Documentation 4 ICD Related Example SourceCode 4 Include d DriverTools 4 System d ErLogs 4 HardwareConfiguration Js Ls35 Bin Options 4 SIMLS69SCOPEDATA 4 User J ArchiveData Ii EventLogs Hardcopies SetupFiles d UserTools d PerfLogs Program Files Users b MAR dass D 20 items Figure 4 10 the LRRS Application and its subdirectory tree structure Documentation 3 13 2012 10 50 AM d DriverTools 3 13 2012 10 50 AM File folder Js System 3 13 2012 10 50 AM e folder L User 3 13 2012 10 50 AM File folder 2 UserTools 3 13 2012 10 50 AM e folder Lrrs 3x 3 8 2012 3 26 AM Application
183. tailed procedure for this test follows below Procedure Step 1 Turn on the LS 28 and after boot up launch the LRRS application by double clicking on its icon in the desktop Step 2 Once the LRRS application has started dismiss the CCP page if it is running and from the main LRRS launch banner invoke the Operation tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 1 1 on page 99 U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 161 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual and set the tuner frequency to any single frequency that the LS 28 1s capable of tuning Do this for all card groups configured in the system Step 3 set up the RF signal generator to output the single frequency set in step 2 Set the output power level of the generator to 50 dBm Then turn on AM modulation of this carrier frequency Set the modulation depth on the signal generator to 50 amp the AM frequency to 400 Hz Set the AM LPF setting on the Output Tab see paragraph 3 2 1 4 2 5 on page 111 to match the 400 Hz modulation Tune all channels in the LS 28 to this same frequency and using an oscilloscope verify the presence of the sine wave on all of the AM output signals AMI AM2 etc Verify control of the AM Output Level by using the slider control to manually alter the output voltage level of the AM output Note that no additional feedback is provided in the configuration display as the slider 1s adjusted The actual voltage levels of the AM signal will need to be measured via
184. take effect The user may also wish to restart the carrier acquisition process whenever there is a change in the signal coming into the receiver A change in input power lever or the appearance of a nearby interferer for example could be cause to restart carrier acquisition 3 2 1 4 1 2 Combined Mode The LRRS application and associated LS 28 hardware supports a two channel pre post detection diversity combiner that is currently available in the PSK and FM modes of operation The Post D functionality 1s an optional feature of the LS 28 that 1s enabled at the time of purchase via the firmware license configuration As with most LS 28 features changes or additions to the firmware license configuration may be made at any time after purchase by simply installing a new license file obtained from the factory In this way new or additional features can be added to the LS 28 without changing the base hardware In a telecommunications system a diversity reception scheme refers to the method of improving the reliability of message reception by utilizing two or more distinct communication channels each with differing characteristics Diversity reception plays an important role in mitigating signal fading and co channel interference typically encountered in telemetry systems Diversity reception relies on the fact that individual channels typically experience differing levels of fading and interference Thus multiple versions of the same signal may be tran
185. taset for a dual channel system LS 28 DRS is shown in Table 1 4 below The same dataset plotted graphically can be seen in Figure 1 25 and Figure 1 26 on page 43 The plot shows the 20 dB Volt slope typically required by most antenna control units ACUs Table 1 4 Typical AGC Output Linearity Input dB AGC 1 AGC 1 AGC 2 AGC 2 20MHz IF V Residuals V Residuals 2dB max 2dB max 40 255 0 24 236 009 50 60 155 002 138 030 0 1 06 002 090 038 80 057 008 04 043 90 007 022 001 099 1 2 5 2 VSWR Characteristics The Voltage Standing Wave Ratio VSWR of the receiver is a measure of how well matched or mismatched a load is to a resistive source A well matched load will carry the signal forward with a minimum amount of reflected power The VSWR ratio of 1 5 1 1s equivalent to 96 of the signal transmitted forward and only 4 of the signal reflected back The lower the VSWR ratio the higher the percentage of signal transmitted forward Return loss is a measure in dB of the ratio of the incident wave to the reflected wave and is equal to 20 log Uef Uinc A typical VSWR dataset in shown in Table 1 5 below Table 1 5 Typical VSWR Performance multiple bands Channel Max Freq Max Ref Level Return Ref Mismatch VSWR VSWR MHz Amp dBm Loss dB Coef Loss dB Spec dBm 24 oa U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 42 April
186. te Uae re ate Cae me ae RAM MEE 113 3 2 1 4 3 1 Test Modulator Sub Tab Primary eessssss 113 3 2 1 4 3 2 Test Modulator Sub Tab Secondary 117 3 2 1 4 3 3 Test Modulator Sub Tab MISC esses 118 SARASA TBE Ue TD octo t ode EE nc EIE eU uU Ende E ta PI Uds 120 30 14 4 CODTHPULPIUOI l bosacsotdiomi tedio tpe act nd ental eee tse 122 A244 User sub aD ate ee thio oe M tonius 122 3 2 1 4 4 2 License Into Sub Tab rrr ete i n irt etn e eret iin 123 ld DN Comveners 50D Labo sc eR I RN Ie Sedes 124 321444 Hardware Sub L3Du idet t t ite at dan ies 125 3 2 1 5 Logging Command eee ete eie sedes tes estote a ees eut bd tus eduuu 126 ILARO TOE C OMMAN od ee Decore t dale ood tetebe lien ota tetoinas 127 3 2 1464 The Tank Budgeet Lo0L ouai her ee E tia t lsetust 127 3 2 1 6 2 The Measurement Calculation Tool eeeeeeesssss 128 3 2 1 6 3 The Measurement Converter Tool eet teretes 130 3 2 1 6 4 Quick Change Frequency Do0l uie EE th bete 131 DAG SNDOUDC ORTA cese eene ast tate tenia o tid SM TUS dE 132 212545 Factory Command esiones eie n dona edu pne oed oom oucuddii utu aD 132 3 2 2 Wide A DIPAN PUES disioacedaius d teiietosve qeltsdont cia npetusateitet de d Mines 134 2922 SPECT WIdBelsnocadscneaieceta nese eee ene lu tenu o c tussi 135 3 2 22 JO Constellation WIGBQL impios t ete ER Etpa E Raa 137 S225 JRSS
187. tep 8 set up the RF signal generator to output the single frequency set in step 7 2 1 MHz Set the output power level of the generator to 30 dBm Then turn on FM modulation of this carrier frequency Set the frequency deviation to 350 KHz on the signal generator and FM modulate the carrier with a 1 MBPS data stream using a PRN pattern of ones choosing Connect the RF output of the signal generator to the BBIN baseband output for channel 1 signal as shown in Figure 4 7 on page 155 Step 9 Connect the FOUT 70 MHz IF outputs for channel 1 signal shown in Figure 4 7 on page 155 to the spectrum analyzer tuned for 70 MHz and inspect the spectral envelope shape Make sure that the frequency span of the analyzer 1s slightly wider than the SAW filter value shown in the RF block of the Operation tab see Figure 3 22 on page 100 Step 10 Connect the JFOUT 70 MHz IF outputs for channel 1 signal shown in Figure 4 7 on page 155 to the RFIN2 RF input for channel 2 of the LS 28 and from the LRRS application GUI tune channel 2 for 70 MHz input frequency Note that the system should lock up on this signal and show no errors in the BERT 4 3 2 AM AGC and RF Signal Strength Indication The LS28 series receiver front end provides an automatically controlled gain mode AGC mode that varies total receiver gain as a function of the RF input power within the IF bandwidth value This 1s typically the normal operating mode of the receiver during flight t
188. th The Carrier Tracking Loop Bandwidth is entered as a percentage of the bit rate and is defaulted to 1 The color of the carrier lock indicator is determined in part by the value entered by the user for the Carrier Threshold Level If the carrier level measured by the demodulator is below the threshold level the carrier lock indicator will never show Green even if the carrier acquisition phase lock loop has locked onto the carrier The default value for the carrier threshold is set by the software to 65 dBm When the carrier level is above the threshold and the carrier acquisition phase lock loop has not locked onto the carrier then the color of the carrier lock indicator will be Yellow In other words the carrier lock indicator will be Green only when the carrier acquisition phase lock loop has locked onto the carrier and the carrier signal level is above the threshold In FM modulation the carrier frequency is changed or deviated from the center frequency value by a certain amount based upon line code and data rate to indicate either a logic one or logic zero The IRIG 106 specification states that this amount of frequency deviation or Peak Deviation Index shall be 0 35 times the NRZ L data rate Thus for a 1 MBPS NRZ L data stream the Peak Deviation of the FM carrier would be 350 KHz The LS 35 demodulator can handle FM signals with Peak Deviation Indexes from 0 1 to 0 9 The Peak Deviation Index Delta parameter defines the extremes i
189. the SNR or the noise figure One first tests static performance and compares against the theoretical curve see Figure 1 39 above One then tests dynamic performance using two channel simulators that can adjust amplitude and frequency or phase of each channel independently based on a stored file The amplitude of one channel is programmed to have a simple two ray fading profile The amplitude of the second channel is programmed so that the ideally combined signal should have a constant power level This provides a resulting signal that should be stable with very predictable parameters including a constant E No for BER testing Other fading profiles can also be implemented The fade rates can be varied from DC to over 10 kHz The phase difference between the two channels can be programmed to be continuously varying at a constant rate a fixed frequency offset or they can be programmed to more accurately reflect the rapid phase fluctuations that occur in multi path fading It 1s important to measure the performance at a variety of fade rates to ensure that the phase rotations are occurring properly and fast enough to provide accurate combining Additional tests are performed to simulate the noise figure and gain variations that can occur in real systems This can be done by slightly increasing the noise figure or the gain of one channel Gain only variations should not change the performance because the SNR is not changing Noise figure only varia
190. the demodulator is connected to channel 2 of LS 27 card 1 RECEIVER 1 Setup File gt SET 1 File 54 Ho 5 a ae Operation Outputs Test Configuration User License Info MOMAN Hardware Down Converters Assigned ChA LS27P3 Card 1 Ch 1 ChB LS27P3 Card 1 Ch 2 Figure 3 34 Configuration Tab Dn Converters Sub Tab U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 124 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 4 4 Hardware Sub Tab The hardware sub tab shown in Figure 3 35 below displays information pertinent to the Reference Clock signal used in the LS 28 configuration Specifically the user may select either an nternal or External reference clock to be used Perhaps of more importance the Reload Firmware button allows the user to reload the current operational firmware This may be required under a number of diagnostic or troubleshooting scenarios RECEIVER 1 Setup File gt SET 1 File 54 NE ills EN Operation Outputs Test Configuration User License Info Dn Converters MIETPTECIE Ref Clock Master Ref Clk Card Num 1 Ref Clk Freq Mhz 0 Comm Port 2 Reload Firmware Reload Figure 3 35 Configuration Tab Hardware Sub Tab U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 125 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 5 Logging Command The Logging command has two sub commands Log Receiver Parameters and Restart Logging The Log Receiver Parameters sub
191. the routing unchanged I AND QJ swap the I and Q streams Q EQUAL I or invert the logic polarity sense of the I and Q streams Q EQUAL NOT I 3 2 1 4 3 3 Test Modulator Sub Tab Misc The Misc Test Modulator sub tab shown in Figure 3 30 below has three parameter groups that deal with quadrature modulation data 1ssues and FEC forward error correction data processing prior to modulation These parameter groups include Misc PCM ENCODERI and PCM ENCODER2 The GUI in the Misc sub tab allows the user to set up the two convolutional encoders symbol routing and processing and several miscellaneous functions U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 118 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual RECEIVER 1 Setup File gt SET 1 Figure 3 30 Test Tab Modulator Sub Tab Misc U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 119 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 1 4 3 4 BER Sub Tab The BER sub tab has setup controls for the reception bit error rate tester associated with each of the two possible channels in the card group Each RX BERT has its own tab as shown in Figure 3 31 below E At the top of each of the channel oC Co 440 C3 sub tabs there is a tabular display Impe c as area for parameters associated with Modulator MES the BER bit error rate function These parameters are listed in the Lock State UNLOCK BitRate 1003941 table below and for the most part Data Invert Stat
192. ther the operating system is setup to automatically log on the Userl account and in some cases automatically launch the LRRS application As a general rule all power management and screen saver functions have been turned off The operating system will have been updated to the latest security amp functional updates as of the date of shipment but unless otherwise specified the automatic updates feature will have been turned off No anti virus programs 3ed party or Microsoft will have been installed on the system but prior to shipment the Microsoft Malicious Software Removal Tool MRT will have been run on the machine U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 68 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 1 1 The Common Controls Page CCP The primary operator s graphical user interface GUI called the Common Control Page CCP is a full screen GUI that contain all of the critical displays and controls required to operate the LS 28 during an actual mission test scenario For the majority of cases the operator interactions are minimized to button clicks or single mouse clicks followed by data value entry The operator is not required to navigate through complex multi level GUIs in order to setup and configure the LS 28 for operation As there are two flavors of LS 28 dual channel amp quad channel so there are two variants of the CCP pages The dual channel CCP page is shown in Figure 3 1 below and is associated with
193. tion of the bit synchronizer is the extraction of clock and data from the demodulated baseband signal To accomplish this the LS 28 employs a conventional digital phase lock loop to acquire the clock from the baseband in much the same way as the carrier is acquired and tracked prior to demodulation The clock acquisition loop bandwidth is the parameter that controls the gain of the clock acquisition phase lock loop This parameter also effects how quickly the loop can react as well as how it is affected by noise The Bit Sync Acquisition Loop Bandwidth is entered as a percentage of the bit rate and 1s defaulted to 1 Just as with the carrier recovery functionality in the LS 28 the clock acquisition function of the bit synchronizer operates in two phases acquisition and tracking After the clock has been acquired the bit sync enters the tracking phase The tracking phase employs the same conventional digital phase lock loop used to acquire the clock but the loop bandwidth need not be the same In fact the clock recovery functionality allows the acquisition and tracking loops to have different bandwidths with different loop behaviors i e how quickly the loop can react as well as how it is affected by noise For example the user may wish to set the acquisition loop bandwidth wider than the tracking loop bandwidth The Bit Sync Tracking Loop Bandwidth is entered as a percentage of the bit rate and is defaulted to 1 After the analog 70 MHz input
194. tions change the SNR of that channel and thus do change the ideal combining performance The change in performance is then compared to theoretical These tests verify that the SNR estimations are operating properly U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 61 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 1 3 2 5 1 Combiner Parameters The primary parameters that drive the combiner functionality are described in the following paragraphs below Noise Estimation Mode As described previously the combiner in the LS 35 performs dynamic phase and amplitude adjustments based upon the S N ratio of the two input channels Key to this process is the accurate determination of the noise component of the input signal The combiner in the LS 35 has two random noise estimation modes AUTO and FIXED In the auto mode the combiner employs a proprietary method of measuring the random noise in the signal In the fixed mode the user my independently measure the random noise component of the signal via some external means and then enter the value using the Fixed Noise Command described below Combiner Mode The combiner in the LS 35 supports multiple combining modes including Frequency and Polarization diversity For Spatial or Antenna diversity choose the Polarization mode The user may also disable the combiner altogether by invoking the Off command It should be noted that the particulars of the actual combining algorithm used on the two signals does not cha
195. tor Window seen 97 Figure 3 22 the Individual Group Setup Window ccccsseeeeccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeseeeeeeseeees 100 Figure 3 23 Individual Group Setup Window Operation Tab Combined Mode 105 Figure 3 24 Outputs Tab Independent Mode eee 107 Figure 3 25 Post Demodulation Stream Routing sese 108 Figure 3 26 Post Demodulation Stream Routing Stream 1 Only 109 Figure 3 27 Post Demodulation Stream Routing Stream 1 Stream 2 110 Figure 3 28 Test Tab Modulator Sub Tab Primary ccccccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 114 Figure 3 29 Test Tab Modulator Sub Tab Secondary eeeeeessss 117 Figure 3 30 Test Tab Modulator Sub Tab MISC cccccccccceccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseeees 119 Figure 5 31 Test Tab BER SUDETOD ordre ee iere i Rea YR e REL IS Hv epa ra EUG eo enun puad 120 Figure 3 32 Configuration Tab User Sub Tab sse 122 Figure 3 33 Configuration Tab License Info Sub Tab suus 123 Figure 3 34 Configuration Tab Dn Converters Sub Tab eeeeeeeeeessss 124 Figure 3 35 Configuration Tab Hardware Sub Tab sess 125 Figure 3 36 the Link Budget Tool Window seen 127 Figure 3 37 the Measurement Calculation Tool RF Number
196. ty are individually enabled or disabled via a firmware license created at the factory at the time of order The addition of new functions and capabilities after the product is delivered is a simple matter of updating the firmware license files installed on the target machine where the LS 35 card is installed All LS 35 license files are located within the LRRS directory tree in the Ls35 Bin subdirectory shown in Figure 4 11 below red oval Updating the firmware is a simple matter of replacing the old firmware files with the new files from the update The user would be well advised to archive the old LS 35 firmware files in a safe place on the system just in case it is necessary to fall back to the previous version for some reason U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 165 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual aa a lei jm Sm o F Kes gt Computer RA344 C Lumistar Lrrs_3x System HardwareConfiguration Ls35 Bin v 5 f Search L535 Bin Organize Include in library Share with Burn New folder 4 EL RA344 C Name 4 Intel 4 Lumistar 4 Lrrs 3x 4 Documentation Date modified L PCMFM PCMFM 9550 1 01110214 PCMFM PCMFM 9550 1 01110214 LumiMcs 3 20 2012 9 02 AM UMIMCS File PCMFM PCMFM 9550 2 01110214 3 20 2012 9 04 AM 3 20 2012 9 02 AM Text Document Text Document 4 ICD Related d Example SourceCode d Include PCMFM PCMFM 9550 2 01110214 LumiMcs L PM PS
197. ual was developed in accordance with MIL STD 40051 2A Preparation of Digital Technical Information for Page Based Technical Manuals TMs with regard to format and content This standard establishes the technical content requirements and mandatory style and format requirements for the preparation of technical manuals TMs and other types of equipment publications This manual has four 4 chapters including this ntroduction System Installation System Operation and System Maintenance The Introduction covers Equipment Description and the Theory of Operation The System Operation chapter deals with the primary software application and how to use it to control the system The System Maintenance chapter deals with Preventive and Corrective maintenance and the Performance Testing of the system 1 1 1 Scope This is a combined operations and maintenance manual for the Lumistar family of LS 28 telemetry range receiver systems used to support terrestrial flight testing as well as many types of satellite operations There are two primary variants in the LS 28 family the LS 28 DRS is a dual channel unit while the LS 28 ORS is a quad channel receiver Each variant can support up to four different frequency bands on each channel 1 1 1 1 Warranty Information Lumistar warrants all of its products for two years from the date of shipment This includes all card level products systems firmware and Lumistar designed software delivered This warranty
198. ular mode is available for selection not grayed out if that mode was enabled via a firmware license created at the factory at the time of order EE 3 The Operational Mode has two oC 400 C3 possible choices ndependent and Operation Outputs Tes Contguraton Combined The Receiver Mode pn smmmmmRna S Licenselnfo Dn Converters Hardware has four possible choices FM rena Group Designation PSK PSK FM and PM PSK The Independent aR A Combined C cono Combined Mode has two possible mE choices Pre D and Post D Note eam Designation ena ao all of this depends on what PSK e PSK a g aa operational firmware is loaded into LRRS Depending on the ra nen e firmware some of the choices in Pasty g the Operational Receiver and Combined modes may not be available for selection The Group Designation block allows the user to change the text label associated with the card group For example instead of Card 1 the user may wish to call the card group hardware Figure 3 32 Configuration Tab User Sub Tab associated with group Satellite Channel A or some other designation with operational significance to the scenario Likewise the Stream Designation block allows the user to change the text label associated wit
199. upper right corner 30 0 MHz Center Freg 70 00 MHz 20 0 dBm LI Miki dBm 57 30 Mkz dBm 12 00 Delta 45 30 TM m m j i M 1 j m TT TT M i meme Bm MN ji Li i M an We Li i jul ili Mk il T j n T m ver anes 20 TEE Opdate Rate Hz 5 Ed IDE play Ma ide AVERAGE i The Amplitude Marker Delta mode is shown in Figure 3 47 above and is represented by two horizontal dotted lines Each marker line advances or recedes in amplitude via the slider control shown at the left edge of the display These two slider controls appear only when the mouse cursor is placed at the left edge of the widget Note that the two marker amplitudes and amplitude delta are shown on the display in the upper right corner U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 136 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual 3 2 2 2 I Q Constellation Widget The I Q Constellation Display Widget is handy for analyzing the state of quadrature modulation schemes Figure 3 48 below shows two examples of the display for SOQPSK modulation note the display on the right is of a noisy signal The widget has a few simple controls To invoke the controls for the display simply place the mouse curser in the lower region and right click There are two buttons at the bottom of the display The Pause button freezes the updating of the display until it is pressed again The Copy button makes a snapshot of the display and saves it as a JPEG file
200. ut Selection NTSC De emphasis Filter NTSC De emphasis Fitter i 5 Video Output Lvl Adj E Ch1 IFIR Ch21FIR Video Output Lvl Adj LI 6939 C Chi IFIR Chi Q FIR 8192 C Ch21FIR Ch2 Q FIR F 1 Viterbi i j PCM Output Cod NRZL PCM Output Code NRZL ee iige M us Vit onc ERU Rate Mode RATE ONE F LA HQ e Mode ONE Viterbi Decode Enable Iv Symbol Order G1G2 ORDEI Err 13 Viterbi Decode Enable Iv Symbol Order G1 G2 ORDEI Err 42 roo MS ineft ot P Err 17 ing Invert G1 5 BEA Stream Control Stream 1 Only Invert G2 E Stream Control Stream 1 Only Invert G2 LI Stream Swap Location OFF Stream Swap Location OFF Invert Location OFF Invert Location OFF Recombine Location POST BITSYNC Recombine Location POST BITSYNC Polarity Clock Invert sedi Data Invert E Clockinvert F User Programable AGC Output Data Invert Bm AM Level Standard 2 Vp p for 50 Modulation Custom e AM Level Lower dam GJ J 80 Standard te 2 Vp p for 50 Modulation Upper dBm LxT mer Custom L AMLPF 50000 j EA Lower Volts GI J at 20 AMLPF 50000 Upper Volts LJ um ed AM Output Level fay AGC dBm ot 20 0 Standard g Std OV to 4V AGC Custom e Standard E Std OV to 4V Y 90 dBm to 10 dBm Custom C AGC Slope Range DV to 4V User Defined 90 dBm to 10 dBm AGC SlopeRange 4 to OV Figure 3 24 Outputs Tab Independent Mode
201. ve and could adversely affect the operation of the host CPU amp operating system if multiple card groups are installed in the same chassis and all have FFT mode turned on In general heavy Doppler is not very common in terrestrial flight test telemetry scenarios with the possible exception of certain missile tests Unless heavy levels of Doppler are anticipated the FFT mode should be avoided The carrier tracking loop bandwidth not to be confused with the carrier acquisition range is the parameter that controls the gain of the carrier acquisition phase lock loop This parameter also effects how quickly the loop can react as well as how it 1s affected by noise and the rate of the Doppler The Carrier Acquisition Loop Bandwidth is entered as a percentage of the bit rate and is defaulted to 2 The carrier recovery functionality in LS 28 operates in two phases acquisition and tracking After the carrier has been acquired the LS 28 enters the tracking phase The tracking phase employs the same conventional digital phase lock loop used to acquire the carrier but the loop bandwidth need not be the same In fact the carrier recovery functionality allows the acquisition and tracking loops to have different bandwidths with different loop behaviors i e how quickly the loop can react as well as how it is affected by noise and the rate of the Doppler For example the user may wish to set the acquisition loop bandwidth wider than the tracking loop bandwid
202. vel at the moment the receiver was zeroed This is very useful in setting the total system noise floor including the additional noise received from an antenna system and performing Step Calibrations to characterize the total dynamic range of the entire receiving system A typical example where zeroing of the receiver would be employed is where the noise level received from the antenna is many dB above that of the noise floor of the receiver alone With the receiving antenna pointed at cold sky no desired RF signal present the LS 28 receiver would be zeroed to produce 0 volts at the system noise floor If the antenna was then pointed at a signal that was 40 dB greater than the level of the noise floor then the AGC voltage would change to 2 V assuming a slope programmed to 20 dB V and no non linear U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 85 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual components were in front of the receiver input AGC zeroing is very useful when an accurate post mission analysis of logged AGC or RSSI voltage versus time is required By zeroing on cold sky the user knows where the system noise floor is and can accurately predict the signal levels above the noise floor during the mission To set the AGC Slope right click on the value of the AGC Slope under the vertical input RF power bar graph and select Adjust AGC Slope A window opens that allows the operator to set the minimum and maximum endpoi
203. w Navigate using the file browser to the C Lumistar LRRS 3X System ErLogs directory and select the log file of interest lu VIEW LOG FILE Lrrs 3x Load ReLoad Erase Main 000000 209 09 12 25 191764 PROGRAM START 4 EN iu 3x QO0000 203 03 12 25 182030 Program Version 1 30M OOW20 203 03 12 25 187537 WINDRIVER Version 10 20 a LUMISTAR Version 140d popol 208 08 12 25187301 espe S RPE pp p p I p DDD p p 0 p 0 20 0 20 p p p pI ee wd Copyright Lumistar Inc 2012 570 El Camino Real Carlsbad C 92008 panno 20909 12 25 167850 232 32320220 0 000 00 0 000 0 0 0 00 0000 D h p p h r h pO QOO000 208 09 12 2518830102 35 2322 2222 522 PCIMF zezzeaxza xxa axaaeaaa O00000 208 09 12 25 138802 Major Version 5 r60 431 2181 Toll Free 888 532 7131 Minor Version 1 nene lumista corn Dye Name Windows 7 Comments Mo Mates Build 2600 T x Platform ID 2 Windows HT Windows 2000 Windows P Windows 7 or Windows Server Service Pack Service Pack 3 Product Suite DUK C ji OOOO00 209 09 12 25 199084 PC MEMORY INFO Memor Total 1004 068 MB Memory Available 358 328 MB Page 5wap File Total 2410 788 MB Page Swap File 5vailable 1811 428 MB Virtual Memory Total 2097 024 MB Virtual Memory Available 1928 585 MB OO0000 209 09 12 25 241 246 Disk C Total Space 156791 960 MBytes Free Space 120959 872 MBytes Drive Type Fixed Disk Z Figure 3 43 Ex
204. ware license file The complete list of formats 1s shown right The Modulation item allows the user to specify which demodulation format to use Card Group is defined at a LS 35 multi mode demodulator and LS 27 downconverter card set U9280103 Lumistar Inc Page 99 April 3 2013 LS 28 Operations amp Maintenance Manual Data Rate The LS 28 supports bit rates from 10 bps to 30 Mbps in the current hardware implementation The user enters the rate in bps via the Data Rate Mbps item Note for quadrature modulation schemes such as QPSK and its variants the bit rate entered must be twice that of the symbol rate exception SOQPSK Data Code The bit synchronizer in LRRS supports a wide variety of input code types including NRZ RZ Split phase Miller and Randomized codes The Data Code item invokes the complete list shown right The RF block in the lower left portion of the Operation tab has parameter information associated with the down conversion process to 70 MHz as well as a vertical RF signal power level bar graph The default values of many of the secondary parameters displayed in the RF block are based upon the primary parameters mentioned above as well as the Operational mode The GUI in the RF block does allow the user to change some of the values of these secondary parameters but this is recommended only for advanced users Described in more detail below the secondary parameters in the RF block that the user can change i

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