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User Manual - Excalibur Engineering

1. 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Burst Shape 3 Press Define User Burst Shape gt More 1 of 2 gt Delete All Rows gt Confirm Delete Of All Rows 4 Enter values similar to the sample values in the following table Rise Shape Editor Sample Value Sample Value 0 0 000000 5 0 900000 1 0 400000 6 0 950000 2 0 600000 7 0 980000 3 0 750000 8 0 990000 4 0 830000 9 1 000000 a Highlight the value 1 000000 for sample 1 b Press 4 gt Enter c Press 6 gt Enter d Enter the remaining values for samples 3 through 9 from the table above e Press More 2 of 2 gt Edit Fall Shape gt Load Mirror Image of Rise Shape gt Confirm Load Mirror Image of Rise Shape This changes the fall shape values to a mirror image of the rise shape values Chapter 7 155 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Figure 7 1 FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Edit Item 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 om EXT REF EXT REF Insert Row Delete Row Rise Shape Editor Fall Shape Editor Sample Value Sample Value 0 0 000000 0 Goto Rowe 1 0 400000 1 0 990000 2 0 600000 2 0 980000 3 0 750000 3 0 950000 Edit Rise Shape 4 0 830000 4 0 900000 5 0 900000 5 0 830000 6 0 950000 6 0 750000 Load Mirror Image 7 0 380000 7 0 600000 of Rise Shape 8 0 990000 8 0 400000 9 1 000000 3 0 000000 More 1 of 2 5 Press More 1 of 2 gt Display Burst Shape Thi
2. 7 Press Mirror Table In a windowed sinc function filter the second half of the coefficients are identical to the first half but in reverse order The signal generator provides a mirror table function that automatically duplicates the existing coefficient values in the reverse order coefficients 16 through 31 are automatically generated and the first of these coefficients number 16 highlights as shown in the following figure FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 en Edit Item Of a Insert Row Delete Row FIR Values CUNSTORED Oversample Ratio L Coeff Value 10 157348 11 088484 12 123414 13 442748 Mirror Table 14 767329 972149 972149 Oversample Ratio 767329 4 442748 123414 More 1 of 2 8 For this example the desired OSR is 4 which is the default so no action is necessary The Oversample Ratio OSR is the number of filter coefficients per symbol Acceptable values range from 1 through 32 the maximum combination of symbols and oversampling ratio allowed by the FIR Values editor is 1024 Remember however that the instrument hardware is limited to 64 symbols for 130 Chapter 6 10 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters real time waveform generation and 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation The number of symbols equals the number of coefficients divided by the oversample ratio Press More 1 of 2 gt Display FFT fa
3. Compared to the original configuration the ALC level is 10 dB higher while the attenuator reduces the LO feedthrough and the RF output of the signal generator by 10 dB Using the attenuated configuration the detector is exposed to a 2 dBm desired signal versus the 15 dBm undesired LO feedthrough This 17 dB difference between desired and undesired energy results in a maximum 0 1 dB shift in the signal generator s RF output level Chapter 10 191 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer The effects of reverse power can cause problems with the signal generator s RF output when the signal generator is used with a spectrum analyzer that does not have preselection capability Some spectrum analyzers have as much as 5 dBm LO feedthrough at their RF input port at some frequencies If the frequency difference between the LO feedthrough and the RF carrier is less than the ALC bandwidth the LO s reverse power can cause amplitude modulation of the signal generator s RF output The rate of the undesired AM equals the difference in frequency between the spectrum analyzer s LO feedthrough and the RF carrier of the signal generator Reverse power problems can be solved by using one of two unleveled operating modes ALC off or power search Setting ALC Off Mode ALC off mode deactivates the automatic leveling circuitry prior to the signal generator s RF output In this mod
4. Page Down ont ne Seal na oo z gd z File header information and arker olarity egat ive eg j Marker 2 Polarity Positive Pos current signal generator Marker 3 Polarity Positive Neg Page Up settings Marker L Polarity Positive Neg ALC Hold Routing None Marker 2 Note When the dual ARB player is off the current instrument settings column does not update the values displayed may not be valid Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Viewing Header Information for a Different Waveform File While a waveform is playing in the dual ARB player you can view the header information of a different waveform file but you can modify the header information only for the waveform that is currently playing When you select another waveform file the header editing softkeys are grayed out see Figure 5 6 This task guides you through the available viewing choices 1 View the waveform file list Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt ARB Setup gt Header Utilities gt View Different Header As shown in Figure 5 7 there is an alphabetical list of waveform files in the table Figure 5 7 Waveform File List for Viewing a Different Header FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE v x 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 um eA ARB BE uE EWULP T70 t Waveform File Types Catalog of HFNI Files S lt NVHFM File Hame i Ean em 5 Seq JO RANP_TEST_WFM 00 00 B 06 SINE_TEST_HFM 06 08 98 00 00 TEST31 06 08
5. The internally leveled signal generator RF output and ALC level is 8 dBm The mixer is driven with an LO of 10 dBm and has an LO to RF isolation of 15 dB The resulting LO feedthrough of 5 dBm enters the signal generator s RF output connector and arrives at the internal detector Depending on frequency it is possible for most of this LO feedthrough energy to enter the detector Since the detector responds to its total input power regardless of frequency this excess energy causes the ALC to reduce the RF output of the signal generator In this example the reverse power across the detector is actually greater than the ALC level which may result in loss of signal at the RF output Figure 10 2 on page 191 shows a similar configuration with the addition of a 10 dB attenuator connected between the RF output of the signal generator and the input of the mixer The signal generator s ALC level is increased to 2 dBm and transmitted through a 10 dB attenuator to achieve the required 8 dBm amplitude at the mixer input 190 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems Figure 10 2 Reverse Power Solution SIGNAL GENERATOR OUTPUT CONTROL ALC LEVEL RF OUTPUT 2dB a RF INPUT MIXER 8 dBm RF LEVEL e H CONTROL lt lt y DETECTOR 5 MEASURES DETECTOR 15 dBm LO FEEDTHRU MEASURES REVERSE 5 dBm 2 dBm fi POWER ALC LEVEL LO LEVEL 10 dBm
6. 12 EVENT 2 __ 11 EVENT 1 L 5 STOP SWEEP IN OUT 6 Z AXIS BLANK MKRS 7 SWEEP OUT 8 TRIGGER OUT 9 TRIGGER IN 10 SOURCE SETTLED Chapter 1 17 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 1 AC Power Receptacle The ac line voltage is connected here The power cord receptacle accepts a three pronged power cable that is shipped with the signal generator 2 GPIB This GPIB interface allows listen and talk capability with compatible IEEE 488 2 devices 3 AUXILIARY INTERFACE This 9 pin D subminiature female connector is an RS 232 serial port that can be used for serial communication and Master Slave source synchronization Table 1 3 Auxiliary Interface Connector Pin Number Signal Description Signal Name 1 No Connection 2 Receive Data RECV 3 Transmit Data XMIT 4 5V 5 Ground 0V 6 No Connection 7 Request to Send RTS 8 Clear to Send CTS 9 No Connection Figure 1 4 View looking into rear panel connector 4 LAN This LAN interface allows ethernet local area network communication through a 10Base T LAN cable The yellow LED on the interface illuminates when data transmission transfer receive is present The green LED illuminates when there is a delay in data transmission or no data transmission is present 18 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 5 STOP SWEEP IN OUT This female BNC connector Option 007 only provides an open collec
7. sing the Dual ARB Waveform Player on page 99 sing Waveform Clipping on page 112 aveform Clipping Concepts on page 113 sing Waveform Markers on page 104 aveform Marker Concepts on page 108 sing Waveform Triggers on page 111 87 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers An ARB waveform file header enables you to save instrument setup information key format settings along with a waveform When you retrieve a stored waveform the header information is applied so that when the waveform starts playing the dual ARB player is set up the same way each time Headers can also store a user specified 32 character description of the waveform or sequence file A default header is automatically created whenever a waveform is generated a waveform sequence is created or a waveform file is downloaded to the PSG for details on downloading files see the PSG Programming Guide The following signal generator settings are saved in a file header e ARB sample clock rate e Runtime scaling only in the dual ARB player e Marker polarity markers 1 through 4 e Marker routing functions markers 1 through 4 ALC hold Alternate amplitude RF blanking e High crest mode only in the dual ARB player e Modulator attenuation e Modulator filter e I1 Q output filter used when routing signals to the rear panel I Q outputs e Other instrument opt
8. Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Burst Shape gt Burst Shape Type gt User File Highlight the desired burst shape file for example NEWBURST A B N Press Select File The selected burst shape file is now applied to the current real time I Q baseband digital modulation state 5 Press Return gt Custom Off On This generates the custom modulation with user defined burst shape created in the previous steps During waveform generation the CUSTOM and I Q annunciators activate The waveform is now modulating the RF carrier 6 Press RF On Off The current real time I Q baseband digital modulation format with user defined burst shape should be available at the signal generator s RF OUTPUT connector Chapter 7 157 Custom Real Time Q Baseband Configuring Hardware Configuring Hardware To Set the BBG Reference on page 158 To Set the External DATA CLOCK to Receive Input as Either Normal or Symbol on page 159 To Set the BBG DATA CLOCK to External or Internal on page 159 To Adjust the I Q Scaling on page 159 To Set the BBG Reference Setting for an External or Internal Reference 1 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt More 1 of 3 gt Configure Hardware Configure Hardware displays a menu where you can set the BBG Reference to External or Internal Press BBG Ref Ext Int to select either external or internal as the bit clock reference for the
9. Agilent Ref 4 dBm Atten 14 dB Peak Log 10 dB Tone 10 Carrier Feedthrough LgAv 100 Intermodulat Carrier H1 2 Distortion Feedthrough 3 FC Distortion AA f FTun Swp Center 20 000 0A GHz Span 20 MHz Res BH 9 1 kHz VBH 9 1 kHz Sweep 291 2 ms To Minimize Carrier Feedthrough This procedure describes how to minimize carrier feedthrough and measure the difference in power between the tones and their intermodulation distortion products Carrier feedthrough can only be observed with even numbered multitone waveforms This procedure builds upon the previous procedure 1 On the spectrum analyzer set the resolution bandwidth for a sweep rate of about 100 200 ms This will allow you to dynamically view the carrier feedthrough spike as you make adjustments On the signal generator press I Q gt I Q Adjustments gt I Q Adjustments Off On to On Press I Offset and turn the rotary knob while observing the carrier feedthrough with the spectrum analyzer Changing the I offset in the proper direction will reduce the feedthrough level Adjust the level as low as possible Chapter 8 175 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing M ultitone Waveforms SO ot Opi Turn on waveform averaging Create a marker and place it on the peak of one of the end tones spaced 10 MHz from the marked tone Press Q Offset and turn the rotary knob to further reduce the carrier feedthrough level Re
10. Figure 5 13 Peak to Average Power Peak Power Average Power Spectral regrowth is a range of frequencies that develops on each side of the carrier similar to sidebands and extends into the adjacent frequency bands see Figure 5 14 Consequently spectral regrowth interferes with communication in the adjacent bands Clipping can provide a solution to this problem Figure 5 14 Spectral Regrowth Interfering with Adjacent Band Spectral Regrowth I l l l l RF Signal Adjacent Band Chapter 5 115 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping How Clipping Reduces Peak to Average Power You can reduce peak to average power and consequently spectral regrowth by clipping the waveform to a selected percentage of its peak power The PSG vector signal generator provides two different methods of clipping circular and rectangular During circular clipping clipping is applied to the combined I and Q waveform II jQI Notice in Figure 5 15 that the clipping level is constant for all phases of the vector representation and appears as a circle During rectangular clipping clipping is applied to the I and Q waveforms separately III IQI Notice in Figure 5 16 on page 117 that the clipping level is different for I and Q therefore it appears as a rectangle in the vector representation With either method the objective is to clip the waveform to a level that effectively reduces spectral regrowth but does not comprom
11. on page 57 25 Basic Operation Using Table Editors Using Table Editors Table editors simplify configuration tasks such as creating a list sweep This section provides information to familiarize you with basic table editor functionality using the List Mode Values table editor as an example Press Preset gt Sweep List gt Configure List Sweep The signal generator displays the List Mode Values table editor as shown below Figure 2 1 Active Function Area Cursor AMPLITUD 50 000 000 000 000 sz pat List Mode Values Frequency Insert Row Delete Row 0000000 50000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 50000000 Insert Item Delete Item ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms ms Table Name Active Function Area Cursor Table Softkeys Table Items 26 More 1 of 2 Table Items Table Softkeys displays the active table item while its value is edited an inverse video identifier used to highlight specific table items for selection and editing select table items preset table values and modify table structures values arranged in numbered rows and titled columns The columns are also known as data fields For example the column below the Frequency title is known as the Frequency data field Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Table Editors Table Editor Softkeys The following table editor softkeys are used to load navigate modify and store table item values
12. 44 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring a Ramp Sweep for a Master Slave Setup This procedure shows you how to configure two PSGs and an 8757D to work in a master slave setup 1 Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 2 7 Use a 9 pin D subminiature male RS 232 cable with the pin configuration shown in Figure 2 8 on page 46 to connect the auxiliary interfaces of the two PSGs You can also order the cable part number 8120 8806 from Agilent Technologies By connecting the master PSG s 10 MHz reference standard to the slave PSG s 10 MHz reference input the master s timebase supplies the frequency reference for both PSGs Figure 2 7 Master Slave Equipment Setup BNC Cable BNC Cable BNC Cable GPIB Cable 8757 Z Axis Sweep Sweep GPIB System Interface Blank Mkrs Out In Out Auxiliary Interface PSG SIGNAL GENERATOR NETWORK ANALYZER 10 MHz Ref Input Auxiliary Interface SLAVE PSG SIGNAL GENERATOR Chapter 2 45 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 8 RS 232 Pin Configuration Pint 2 Retrace Pin 1 Pin 4 Sweep Stop Pin 4 AAs s on ping Connector Type D Subminiature male pins145 2 Set up the slave PSG s frequency and power settings By setting up the slave first you avoid synchronization problems 3 Set up the master PSG s frequency power and sweep time settings The two PSGs can h
13. Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Using a User Defined Data Pattern User Files user defined data pattern files can be created and modified using the signal generator s Bit File Editor or they can be created on a remote computer and moved to the signal generator for direct use these remotely created data pattern files can also be modified with the Bit File Editor For information on creating user defined data files on a remote computer see the programming guide These procedures demonstrate how to use the Bit File Editor to create edit and store user defined data pattern files for use within the custom real time I Q baseband generator modulation For this example a user file is defined within a custom digital communication Creating a Data Pattern User File with the Bit File Editor This procedure uses the Bit File Editor to create a Data Pattern User File and stores the resulting file in the Memory Catalog described on page 52 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Data gt User File gt Create File This opens the Bit File Editor which contains three columns as shown in the following figure Offset Cursor Position in Hex Bit Data indicator in Hex Hexadecimal Data File Name indicator CY AMPLITUDE 0 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 om EXT er Insert Deleter Bit Fil Editor Pos 0 Size 0 UNTITLEDS Offset Binary Data Hex Data 0 Got
14. Edit Item Insert Row Delete Row Goto Row Insert Item Delete Item Page Up and Page Down More 1 of 2 Load Store displays the selected item in the active function area of the display where the item s value can be modified inserts an identical row of table items above the currently selected row deletes the currently selected row opens a menu of softkeys Enter Goto Top Row Goto Middle Row Goto Bottom Row Page Up and Page Down used to quickly navigate through the table items inserts an identical item in a new row below the currently selected item deletes the item from the bottom row of the currently selected column displays table items that occupy rows outside the limits of the ten row table display area accesses Load Store and its associated softkeys opens a menu of softkeys Load From Selected File Store To File Delete File Goto Row Page Up and Page Down used to load table items from a file in the memory catalog or to store the current table items as a file in the memory catalog Modifying Table Items in the Data Fields 1 Ifnot already displayed open the List Mode Values table editor shown in Figure 2 1 on page 26 Press Preset gt Sweep List gt Configure List Sweep 2 Use the arrow keys or the knob to move the table cursor over the desired item In Figure 2 1 the first item in the Frequency data field is selected 3 Press Edit Item The selected item is displayed in the active funct
15. You have configured the LF output signal for a 3 volt sine wave default wave form output which is frequency modulated using the Internal 1 Monitor source selection default source 84 Chapter 4 Analog M odulation Configuring the LF Output To Configure the LF Output with a Function Generator Source In this example the function generator is the LF output source Configuring the Function Generator as the LF Output Source 1 Press Preset 2 Press the LF Out hardkey 3 Press LF Out Source gt Function Generator 1 Configuring the Waveform 1 Press LF Out Waveform gt Swept Sine Press LF Out Start Freq gt 100 gt Hz Press LF Out Stop Freq gt 1 gt kHz FY N Press Return gt Return This returns you to the top LF Output menu Configuring the Low Frequency Output 1 Press LF Out Amplitude gt 3 gt Vp This sets the LF output amplitude to 3 Vp 2 Press LF Out Off On The LF output is now transmitting a signal using Function Generator 1 that is providing a 3 Vp swept sine waveform The waveform is sweeping from 100 Hz to 1 kHz Chapter 4 85 Analog Modulation Configuring the LF Output 86 Chapter 4 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator In the following sections this chapter describes the Dual Arb mode which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators with Option 002 602 Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers on page 88 TI U ce iT ce
16. o0o000000000000000 On o this pin when a Marker 3 is turned on in the waveform Reverse damage levels gt 8V and lt 4V Used with an internal baseband generator In arbitrary waveform mode this pil outputs a timing signal generated by Marker 4 A marker 3 3V CMOS high EVENT 3 when positive polarity is selected 3 3V CMOS low when negative polarity is EVENT 4 selected is output on this pin when a Marker 4 is turned on in the waveform PATT TRIG IN 2 Reverse damage levels gt 8V and lt 4V ALT PWR IN GND Accepts a signal that triggers an internal pattern or frame generator t GND start single pattern output Minimum pulse width 100 ns Damage levels gt 5 5 and lt 0 5V GND GND Used with an internal baseband generator This pin accepts a CMOS signal GND for synchronization of external data and alternate power signal timing Damage levels are gt 8V and lt 4V DATA OUT f a Reg ee Used with an internal baseband generator This pin outputs data CMOS DATA CLK OUT from the internal data generator or the externally supplied signal at data inpu SYM SYNC OUT Used with an internal baseband generator This pin relays a CMOS bit clock signal for synchronizing serial data Used with an internal baseband generator This pin outputs the CMOS symbol clock for symbol synchronization one data clock period wide 21 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 16 Digital Bus This is a proprietary bus use
17. 35 DATA CLOCK 13 LF OUTPUT 36 SYMBOL SYNC 14 Mod On Off 15 ALC INPUT 16 RF On Off 17 Numeric Keypad 18 RF OUTPUT 19 SYNC OUT 20 VIDEO OUT 21 Line Power LED Incr Set 22 Power Switch 25 GATE PULSE TRIGGER INPUT 23 Standby LED 26 Arrows 27 Hold 28 Return 29 Display Contrast Decrease 30 Display Contrast Increase 31 Local 32 Preset 6 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 1 Display The LCD screen provides information on the current function Information can include status indicators frequency and amplitude settings and error messages Softkeys labels are located on the right hand side of the display For more detail on the front panel display see Front Panel Display on page 13 2 Softkeys Softkeys activate the displayed function to the left of each key 3 Knob Use the knob to increase or decrease a numeric value changes a highlighted digit or character or step through lists or select items in a row 4 Amplitude Pressing this hardkey makes amplitude the active function You can change the output amplitude or use the menus to configure amplitude attributes such as power search user flatness and leveling mode 5 Frequency Pressing this hardkey makes frequency the active function You can change the output frequency or use the menus to configure frequency attributes such as frequency multiplier offset and reference 6 Save Pressing this
18. 8 Press First Mkr Point gt 10 gt Enter 9 Press Last Mkr Point gt 163830 gt Enter 10 Press Apply To Waveform SDN OE a i Chapter 5 105 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers To Toggle Markers in an Existing Waveform Sequence In a waveform sequence you can independently toggle the operating state of the markers on each waveform segment When you build a waveform sequence the markers on each segment are toggled to the last marker operating state that was used In this example you learn how to toggle markers within an existing waveform sequence If you have not created waveform segments used them to build and store a waveform sequence and configured markers for the waveform sequence complete the steps in the previous sections Creating Waveform Segments on page 100 Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence on page 101 and To Place a Marker at the First Point within a Waveform Segment on page 104 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Sequences Highlight the desired waveform sequence for example TTONE MTONE Press Edit Selected Waveform Sequence Highlight the desired waveform segment for example WFM1 TTONE Press Toggle Markers gt Toggle Marker 1 or Toggle Marker 2 Highlight the next desired waveform segment Press Toggle Marker 1 or Toggle Marker 2 Repeat steps 6 and 7 until you have finished modifying the desired waveform segments Press Return 10 P
19. Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Symbol Rates Working with Symbol Rates The Symbol Rate menu enables you to set the rate at which I Q symbols are fed to the I Q modulator The default transmission symbol rate can also be restored in this menu Symbol Rate displayed as Sym Rate is the number of symbols per second that are transmitted using the modulation displayed as Mod Type along with the filter and filter alpha displayed as Filter Symbol rate directly influences the occupied signal bandwidth Symbol Rate is the Bit Rate divided by the number of bits that can be transmitted with each symbol this is also known as the Baud Rate Bit Rate is the frequency of the system bit stream The internal baseband generator Option 002 602 automatically streams the selected Data Pattern at the appropriate rate to accommodate the symbol rate setting Bit Rate Symbols s x Number of Bits Symbol Occupied Signal Bandwidth Symbol Rate x 1 Filter Alpha therefore the occupied signal bandwidth is dependent on the filter alpha of the Nyquist or Root Nyquist filter being used To change the filter alpha refer to the procedure Adjusting the Filter Alpha of a Predefined Root Nyquist or Nyquist Filter on page 126 To Set a Symbol Rate Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Digital Mod Define gt Symbol Rate or Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Symbol Rate
20. If no registers are available you can write over an in use register by pressing Re SAVE NOTE When you are using the PSG in a system with an 8757 network analyzer you are limited to using registers 1 through 9 in sequence 0 for saving and recalling states 3 Press Sweep List gt Configure Ramp Step Sweep and enter new start and stop frequency values for the ramp sweep Press Alternate Sweep Register and turn the front panel knob to select the register number of the previously saved sweep state Press Alternate Sweep Off On to On The signal generator alternates between the original saved sweep and the current sweep You may need to adjust 8757D settings to effectively view both sweeps such as setting channel 2 to measure sensor A Refer to Figure 2 6 Chapter 2 43 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 6 Alternating Sweeps on 8757D CH4 A CH2 A 10 0 dB REF 30 00 dBm 10 0 dB REF 30 00 dBm 00 GHz STOP 10 2000 GHz o 000 GHz STOP 20 0000 GHz Configuring an Amplitude Sweep 1 Press Return gt Sweep gt Off This turns off both the current sweep and the alternate sweep from the previous task The current CW settings now control the RF output 2 Press Configure Ramp Step Sweep 3 Using the Ampl Start and Ampl Stop softkeys set an amplitude range to be swept 4 Press Return gt Sweep gt Ampl The new amplitude ramp sweep settings control the RF output and the CW mode is turned off
21. Registers With Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty The save recall registers are backed up by a battery when line power to the signal generator is not connected The battery may need to be replaced To verify that the battery has failed 1 wa Fk YN 6 Turn off line power to the signal generator Unplug the signal generator from line power Plug in the signal generator Turn on the signal generator Observe the display for error messages If either error message 311 or 700 is stored in the error message queue the signal generator s battery has failed Refer to the Service Guide for battery replacement instructions Saved Instrument State but Register is Empty or Contains Wrong State If you select a register number greater than 99 the signal generator automatically selects register 99 to save the instrument state If the register number you intended to use is empty or contains the wrong instrument state recall register 99 Press Recall gt 99 gt Enter The lost instrument state may be saved there 196 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Cannot Turn Off Help M ode Cannot Turn Off Help M ode 1 Press Utility gt Instrument Info Help Mode 2 Press Help Mode Single Cont until Single is highlighted The signal generator has two help modes single and continuous When you press Help in single mode the factory preset condition help text is provided for the next key you press Pressing anot
22. Unspecified None Page Down ea Note RF Blank Routing Unspecified None Page 1 Parameters that are inactive such as Mod Attenuation Unspecified Auto g Runtime Scaling canbe Set aly i 1 0 Mod Filter Unspecified futo the dual ARB player I Q Output Filter Unspecified Auto Page 2 w Default Header Settings 90 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers 2 Save the information in the Current Inst Settings column to the file header Press Save Setup To Header The same settings are now displayed in both the Saved Header Settings column and the Current Inst Settings column The settings in the Saved Header Settings column are the ones that have been saved in the file header The following signal generator settings are saved to the file header 32 Character Description Sample Rate Runtime Scaling Marker 1 4 Polarity ALC Hold Routing Alt Ampl Routing A description entered for the header such as a the waveform s function saved edited with the Edit Description key see Figure 5 2 on page 90 The ARB sample clock rate The Runtime scaling value Runtime scaling is applied in real time while the waveform is playing This setting can be changed only for files in the dual ARB player The marker polarity positive or negative Which marker if any implements the PSG s ALC hold function The ALC hold function holds the ALC modulator at its current level when the m
23. devices with multiple input frequencies interfere with adjacent channels or cause unwanted outputs at other frequencies The two tone waveform generator supplies a signal whose IMD products can be measured using a spectrum analyzer and used as a reference when measuring the IMD generated by a device under test Two tone waveforms are created using the internal I Q baseband generator and stored in ARB memory for playback Although the two tone mode generates a high quality waveform a small amount of IMD occurs In addition to IMD a small amount of carrier feedthrough and feedthrough related IMD may be present when the spacing between the tones is centered on the carrier frequency To minimize carrier feedthrough for a two tone signal you must manually adjust the I and Q offsets while observing the center carrier frequency with a spectrum analyzer For measurements that require the absence of IMD and carrier feedthrough you can create distortion free multitone signals using Agilent Technologies Signal Studio software Option 408 NOTE For more information about two tone waveform characteristics and the PSG vector signal generator two tone format download Application Note 1410 from our website by going to www agilent com and searching for AN 1410 in Test amp Measurement 180 Chapter 9 Two Tone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms This section descr
24. 0 s 16 1 s amp 16 0 s 32 1 s amp 32 0 s or 64 1 s amp 64 0 s from which you can select a data pattern Each pattern contains an equal number of ones and zeroes The selected pattern will be repeated as necessary to provide a continuous stream of data e User File allows you to access a menu of choices from which you can create a file and store it to the Catalog of Bit Files select from a Catalog of Bit Files and use it or select from a Catalog of Bit Files edit the file and resave the file e Ext allows data patterns to be fed into the I Q symbol builder through the DATA port in real time Chapter 7 147 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Using a Predefined Data Pattern Selecting a Predefined PN Sequence Data Pattern 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Data gt PN Sequence 3 Press one of the following PN9 PN11 PN15 PN20 PN23 Selecting a Predefined Fixed 4 bit Data Pattern 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Data gt FIX4 3 Press 1010 gt Enter gt Return Selecting a Predefined Data Pattern Containing an Equal Number of 1s amp Os 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Data gt Other Patterns 3 Press one of the following 41 s amp 40 s 81 s amp 80 s 16 1 s amp 16 0 s 32 1 s amp 32 0 s or 641 s amp 64 0 s 148 Chapter 7
25. 000000 and 1 000000 These 4 symbols will be traversed during the modulation process by the symbol table offset values associated with each symbol of data FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Load Storep 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 on EXT REF RE we Load Default 1 0 Map Delete All Rous 1 0 Values Data Q Value Different jal 00000000 1 000000 ncodina 00000001 1 000000 ERA On 00000010 1 000000 1 000000 00000011 1 000000 1 000000 Die 00000100 ee Encoding on More 2 of 2 Chapter 7 165 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding Accessing the Differential State M ap Editor e Press Configure Differential Encoding This opens the Differential State Map editor At this point you see the data for the 1st symbol 00000000 and the cursor prepared to accept an offset value You are now prepared to create a custom differential encoding for the user defined default 4QAM I Q modulation Data Symbol Table Offset Values Entry Area FREQUENCY 20 000 000000 000 sx cit men Insert Row Delete Row Differential State Nap Data gSuymbol Table Offset 00000000 me Delete All Rous Editing the Differential State Map 1 Press 1 gt Enter This encodes the first symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 1 The symbol rotates forward through the state map by value when a data value of 0 is modulated 2 Press gt 1 gt Enter This encodes the second symbo
26. 1 kHz 10 kHz and 100 kHz In automatic mode the preset selection the signal generator automatically adjusts the ALC bandwidth among three of the four possible settings depending on the active functions see Figure 3 1 AM ON PULSE OFF Yes Figure 3 1 Decision Tree for Automatic ALC Bandwidth Selection RF OUTPUT No AM OFF AM OFF No AM ON lt 2 MHz PULSE OFF PULSE ON PULSE on ALC BW ALC BW ALC BW ALC BW 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz 100 kHz To Select an ALC Bandwidth Press Amplitude gt ALC BW gt 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz or 100 kHz This overrides the automatic ALC bandwidth selection with your specific selection 59 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling Using External Leveling The PSG signal generator can be externally leveled by connecting an external sensor at the point where leveled RF output power is desired This sensor detects changes in RF output power and returns a compensating voltage to the signal generator s ALC input The ALC circuitry raises or lowers levels the RF output power based on the voltage received from the external sensor ensuring constant power at the point of detection There are two types of external leveling available on the PSG You can use external leveling with a detector and coupler power splitter setup or a millimeter wave source module To Level with Detectors and Couplers Splitters Figure 3 2 illustrates a typical external leveling setup The power level feedback to
27. 164 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding Using Differential Encoding Differential encoding is a digital encoding technique that denotes a binary value by a signal change rather than a particular signal state It is available for Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode It is not available for waveforms generated by Arb Waveform Generator mode The signal generator s Differential State Map editor enables you to modify the differential state map associated with user defined I Q and user defined FSK modulations In this procedure you create a user defined I Q modulation and then configure activate and apply differential encoding to the user defined modulation For more information see Understanding Differential Encoding on page 160 This section includes information on following e Configuring User Defined I Q Modulation e Accessing the Differential State Map Editor on page 166 e Editing the Differential State Map on page 166 Configuring User Defined I Q Modulation 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Modulation Type gt Define User I Q gt More 1 of 2 gt Load Default I Q Map gt QAM gt 4QAM This loads a default 4QAM I Q modulation and displays it in the I Q Values editor The default 4QAM I Q modulation contains data that represent 4 symbols 00 01 10 and 11 mapped into the I Q plane using 2 distinct values 1
28. 3 n T LE Signal At For Marker Polarity Positive EVENT 2 Connector For Marker Polarity Negative RF Output RF Unblanked low Mkr 2 to RF Blank Off RF Unblanked RF Output RF Blanked RF Blanked Mkr 2 to RF Blank On Marker Polarity Positive RF Output RF Unblanked RF Unblanked Mkr 2 to RF blank On RF Blanked Marker Polarity Negative Chapter 5 109 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers Marker File Bit 2 _ Marker Polarity Positive EVENT 2 Marker 2 ie Blanks RF when Marker Negative is Low Marker 2 to RF Blank Off On A waveform sequence comprises waveform segments When you combine segments to form a sequence you can enable or disable Marker 1 and or Marker 2 on a segment by segment basis When you select a sequence to output the markers embedded in any one segment of that sequence are output only if the sequence marker for that segment is enabled toggled on This makes it possible to output markers for some segments in a sequence but not for others Marker File Bit 1 Marker File Bit 2 110 Zo Zo Sequence Marker 1 Sequence Marker 2 Marker Polarity EVENT 1 EVENT 2 To RF Blanking Marker 2 to RF Blank Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform
29. Adjust the settings for Freq Center and Freq Span so that the frequency response of the device under test DUT is clearly seen on the 8757D display Notice how adjusting these settings also changes the settings for the Freq Start and Freq Stop softkeys You may need to rescale the response on the 8757D for a more accurate evaluation of the amplitude Figure 2 3 on page 40 shows an example of a bandpass filter response Chapter 2 39 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 3 Bandpass Filter Response on 8757D CH4 A 5 0 dB REF 40 00 dBm 000 GHz STOP 40 2000 GHz Using Markers 1 40 Press Markers This opens a table editor and associated marker control softkeys You can use up to 10 different markers labeled 0 through 9 Press Marker Freq and select a frequency value within the range of your sweep In the table editor notice how the state for marker 0 automatically turns on The marker also appears on the 8757D display Use the arrow keys to move the cursor in the table editor to marker and select a frequency value within the range of your sweep but different from marker 0 Notice that marker is activated and is the currently selected marker indicated by the marker arrow pointing down As you switch between markers using the arrow keys you will notice that the selected marker s arrow points down while all others point up Notice also that the frequency and amplitude data for the current
30. GO OUUMHe Ref Freq 10 0000000MH2 Int Trig Type Continuous Free Run Retrigger On i Trig Source Ext Patt Trig In 1 Polarity Neg Summary Display Delay Off 98 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player The dual arbitrary ARB waveform player is used to edit and play waveform files There are two types of waveform files segments WFM1 and sequences SEQ A segments is an individual waveform that is defined using an installed ARB format such as Two Tone and created using the internal arbitrary waveform generator A sequences is several individual segments strung together in one file Waveform files can also be created remotely and downloaded to the PSG for playback as a segment For information on downloading waveforms refer to the Programming Guide A waveform is generated when an ARB modulation format is turned on and is named AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM Because this default file name is shared among all ARB formats if the file is not renamed in the dual ARB player after turning the modulation format off it is overwritten when the same or another ARB format is turned on Waveform player features include waveform clipping markers and triggering Clipping allows you to reduce high power peaks which can cause adjacent channel noise Markers and triggering are useful for synchronizing the output of the signal generator with other devices Before y
31. I Q states Chapter 6 137 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types 4 Press Return gt Goto Row gt 0011 0000 gt Enter this is row 48 5 Press the Delete Row softkey 16 times Repeat this pattern of steps using the following table Goto Row Press the Delete Row softkey 0110 0000 96 16 times 1001 0000 144 16 times 1100 0000 192 16 times 0001 0000 16 4 times 0001 0100 20 4 times 0001 1000 24 8 times 0011 0000 48 4 times 0011 0100 52 4 times 0011 1000 56 4 times 0101 1000 88 8 times 0111 0000 112 4 times 0111 0100 116 4 times 0111 1000 120 8 times 6 Press Display I Q Map to view the new constellation that has been I Q State Map created The I Q State Map in this example has 128 symbols I Q States 128 7 Press Return When the contents of an I Q Values table have not been stored I Q Values UNSTORED appears on the display Q 8 Press More 1 of 2 gt Load Store gt Store To File AS eo Heep If there is already a file name from the Catalog of IQ Files i FEEEEEEEEHEH occupying the active entry area press the following keys e Editing Keys gt Clear Text 9 Enter a file name for example 128QAM using the alpha keys and i 1 I Value 1 the numeric keypad 10 Press Enter The user defined I Q State Map should now be stored in the Catalog of IQ Files 138 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Wo
32. MERS rrcrricorre ietske eii rE r ete Re RETR EOS 19 TOW EEE OUT regter I IoT rior E EI SRR EED EAR EPIS EDS EEE EEEE ETENI 19 S TRIGGER OU 5s ee ees REE E deen doh Enean ERE REE REEERE 19 D TRIGER N 262 0258 diera tre etretant tarir eeu sense ser ehaeGeeerkeeaekeaes 19 I SOURCE SETILED caccdpeieGeiicdedvs tanks deeawder ane adeee ERREEN 19 LL EVENT Licicktetee ea tea de bha dase 2iebe eine dekh Hie eR PO RTRIA TREO REE 20 IL EVENT 00 52 i0 a GUAR RE aS H ERE REET RRARSS PRES PEREE PAD SEY LVRSE ERO RYADR RHA 20 IS PAT TER TRG N 664 eked eatin ceeded bbe chaurehadw aed bee Ree ious 20 BURST OSTE Miorrss erot rer pE cone ho eee ered ed eoee eases Law eetheeceeesersase 20 eA TILART VO co caieee piatti eed eid aniehead pean kee bebe bee Blew OG tes Ades 21 16 Distal BUS i grin eee ae Sew ad Geese a r a ee eaa 22 LP WIDBRAND T TINPUT ooreet onhe Enare EARE EEEN E E EE EE E 22 13 WIDEBAND Q INPUT crreiretritkeeii prod btan ER E E IE a E e ER ees 22 19 COH COHERENT CARRIER OUTPUT cce2ieceuiobacsbaieleeie bars ieoenions 22 IET AEEA T a A EELT S EET EE Eke es 22 E et Ua E E T A OE E E E E E E E T E S L aT 23 Contents OOUT hit etag ete the heeteeei ced se ce neice sce seed edeceoe i edewieseebekedg 2a eoD EE EEE TA ek T a A e E E T TA TT 23 24 BASEBAND OEN REP IN eere bre EEE E E EEE NE EEEE 23 23 SMI SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE s rrcccrsctererdikie t Ro REAS Oe TE EGS HO 24 20 VP MEZ OUT sea ea he hs heal We AAG Sh Gh hee el aE HR Be ERA 24 i
33. PATTERN TRIG IN connector 20 peak to average characteristics 177 peak to average power reducing 116 performance optimizing 59 76 phase error simulation 140 modulation See PM polarity 160 player dual ARB 99 power meter 64 192 peaks 113 115 receptacle AC 18 search mode 192 supply troubleshooting 189 switch 10 predefined filters 125 predefined modulation setups 121 146 Preset hardkey 11 problems See troubleshooting PSK modulation 136 pulse annunciator 15 input 10 modulation 82 Q Q OUT connector 23 QAM modulation 136 161 Q bar OUT connector 23 QPSK I Q modulation creating 139 queue error 200 R R remote annunciator 15 ramp sweep 37 46 Real Time I Q 145 167 rear panel description 17 Recall hardkey 7 recovery sequence fail safe 198 208 Index rectangular clipping 112 reference amplitude setting 30 frequency setting 29 oscillator bandwidth adjusting 76 registers 54 55 remote control 69 remote operation annunciator 15 repair return instructions 203 Return hardkey 11 RF output annunciator 15 configuring 28 49 connector 10 leveling external 60 63 mm wave source module using 47 On Off hardkey 9 sweeping 31 troubleshooting 189 user flatness correction 64 75 rise delay burst shape 154 rise time burst shape 154 root Nyquist filters 126 RS 232 connector 18 S S service request annunciator 15 Save hardkey 7
34. Programming Guide When the waveform is selected for playback the saved header information is used by the signal generator Some of these settings appear as part of the labels of the softkeys used to set the parameters and also appear on the dual ARB summary display see Figure 5 8 NOTE The signal generator used to play back a stored waveform file must have the same options as are required to generate the file For details on applying file header settings and playing back a waveform see Playing a Waveform on page 102 To properly set up the instrument 1 Select the waveform 2 Modify the signal generator settings as desired 3 Turn on the dual ARB Figure 5 8 File Header Settings FREQUENCY 20 000 000 000 000 sz AMPLITUDE 135 00 an N Pulse RF pae Can change when a waveform is selected None The waveform is not selected preset settings are applied ARB Selected Waveform NONE Sample Clock 100 0000000MHz IQ Mod Filter Through Ref Freq 10 0000000MHz Int Trig Type Continuous Free Run Retrigger On Trig Source Ext Patt Trig In 1 Polarity Neg Delay Off Summary Display Header setting same as 50 000 000 000 000 se 135 00 um preset seting ia a fetus Header setting applied The waveform is selected saved header settings are Selected Waveform WFMi TEST31 applied Sample Clock 5 JOUUOUOMH TQ Mod Filter
35. Text then enter a new file name for example TTONE100 MTONE200 c Press Enter 102 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player You have now changed the number of repetitions for each waveform segment entry from to 100 and 200 respectively The sequence has been stored under a new name to the Catalog of Seq Files in the signal generator s memory catalog To play the waveform sequence refer to Playing a Waveform on page 102 Storing and Loading Waveform Segments Waveform segments can reside in volatile memory as WFM1 files or they can be stored to non volatile memory as NVWFM files or both To play or edit a waveform file it must reside in volatile memory Because files stored in volatile memory do not survive a power cycle it is a good practice to store important files to non volatile memory and load them to volatile memory whenever you want to use them Storing Waveform Segments to Non volatile Memory 1 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments 2 If necessary press Load Store to Store 3 Press Store All To NVWFM Memory Copies of all WFM1 waveform segment files have been stored in non volatile memory as NVWFM files You can also store files individually by highlighting the file and pressing Store Segment To NVWFM Memory Loading Waveform Segments from Non volatile Memory Clear out the volatile memory and delete all WFM1 files Power cycle the instrument
36. any frequency or sweep mode Using an Agilent E4416A 17A or E4418B 19B power meter controlled by the signal generator through GPIB to calibrate the measurement system a table of power level corrections is created for frequencies where power level variations or losses occur These frequencies may be defined in sequential linear steps or arbitrarily spaced To allow different correction arrays for different test setups or different frequency ranges you may save individual user flatness correction tables to the signal generator s memory catalog and recall them on demand Use the steps in the next sections to create and apply user flatness correction to the signal generator s RF output Afterward use the steps in Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array on page 68 to recall a user flatness file from the memory catalog and apply it to the signal generator s RF output Creating a User Flatness Correction Array In this example you create a user flatness correction array The flatness correction array contains ten frequency correction pairs amplitude correction values for specified frequencies from 1 to 10 GHz in 1 GHz intervals An Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter controlled by the signal generator via GPIB and E4413A power sensor are used to measure the RF output amplitude at the specified correction frequencies and transfer the results to the signal generator The signal generator reads the power level data
37. at the RF OUTPUT connector The display annunciator changes from RF OFF to RF ON The maximum specified frequency should be output at the RF OUTPUT connector at the signal generator s minimum power level 4 Press Frequency gt 700 gt MHz The 700 MHz RF frequency should be displayed in the FREQUENCY area of the display and also in the active entry area 5 Press Frequency gt Incr Set gt 1 gt MHz This changes the frequency increment value to 1 MHz 28 Chapter 2 6 8 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Press the up arrow key Each press of the up arrow key increases the frequency by the increment value last set with the Incr Set hardkey The increment value is displayed in the active entry area The down arrow decreases the frequency by the increment value set in the previous step Practice stepping the frequency up and down in MHz increments You can also adjust the RF output frequency using the knob As long as frequency is the active function the frequency is displayed in the active entry area the knob will increase and decrease the RF output frequency Use the knob to adjust the frequency back to 700 MHz Setting the Frequency Reference and Frequency Offset The following procedure sets the RF output frequency as a reference frequency to which all other frequency parameters are relative The frequency initially shown on the display is 0 00 Hz the frequency output by the hardware mi
38. can occur during normal operation A second annunciator ALC OFF will appear in the same position when the ALC circuit is disabled 15 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display UNLOCK This annunciator appears when any of the phase locked loops are unable to maintain phase lock You can determine which loop is unlocked by examining the error messages 4 Digital Modulation Annunciators All digital modulation annunciators E8267C PSG with Option 002 602 only appear in this location These annunciators appear only when the modulation is active and only one digital modulation can be active at any given time ARB Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator M TONE Miultitone Waveform Generator CUSTOM Custom Real Time I Q Baseband T TONE Two Tone Waveform Generator DIGMOD Custom Arb Waveform Generator 5 Amplitude Area The current output power level setting is shown in this portion of the display Indicators are also displayed in this area when amplitude offset is used amplitude reference mode is turned on external leveling mode is enabled a source module is enabled and when user flatness is enabled 6 Error Message Area Abbreviated error messages are reported in this space When multiple error messages occur only the most recent message remains displayed Reported error messages with details can be viewed by pressing Utility gt Error Info 7 Text Area This text area of the display e show signal g
39. data generator If external is selected apply the reference frequency to the rear panel BASEBAND GEN REF IN connector Setting the External Frequency The BBG reference external frequency is used only when the BBG Ref Ext Int softkey has been set to Ext external 1 158 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt More 1 of 3 gt Configure Hardware Configure Hardware displays a menu where you can set the external BBG reference frequency Press Ext BBG Ref Freq Use the numeric keypad to a desired frequency then press MHz kHz or Hz Chapter 7 Custom Real Time Q Baseband Configuring Hardware To Set the External DATA CLOCK to Receive Input as Either Normal or Symbol 1 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt More 1 of 3 gt Configure Hardware Configure Hardware allows you to access a menu from which you can set the external DATA CLOCK to receive input as either Normal or Symbol 2 Press Ext Data Clock to select either Normal or Symbol this setting has no effect in internal clock mode e When set to Normal the DATA CLOCK input connector requires a bit clock e When set to Symbol a one shot or continuous symbol sync signal must be provided to the SYMBOL SYNC input connector To Set the BBG DATA CLOCK to External or Internal 1 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt More 1 of 3 gt Configure Hardware Configure Hardware allows you to access a menu from w
40. data values from 0000 to 1111 An unstored file of frequency deviation values is created for the custom 4 level FSK file 7 Press Load Store gt Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of FSK Files occupying the active entry area press the following keys Edit Keys gt Clear Text 8 Enter a file name for example NEWF SK using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad 9 Press Enter The user defined FSK modulation should now be stored in the Catalog of FSK Files Chapter 6 141 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types Modifying a Predefined FSK Modulation Type User File with the Frequency Values Editor Using the Frequency Values editor you can define modify and store user defined frequency shift keying modulation The Frequency Values editor is available for custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode but is not available for waveforms generated in custom Arb Waveform Generator mode Use this example to learn how to add errors to a default FSK modulation 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Modulation Type gt Define User FSK gt More 1 of 2 gt Load Default FSK 3 Press Freq Dev gt 1 8 gt kHz 4 Press 4 Lvl FSK This sets the frequency deviation and opens the Frequency Values editor with the 4 level FSK default values displayed The frequency value for data 0000 is highlighted Press 1 81 gt kHz Press 590 gt Hz Pres
41. desired flatness corrected frequencies into the step array Press Return gt Load Cal Array From Step Array gt Confirm Load From Step Data This populates the user flatness correction array with the frequency settings defined in the step array Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm Press RF On Off This activates the RF output and the RF ON annunciator is displayed on the signal generator Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Perform the User Flatness Correction NOTE If you are not using an Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface you can perform the user flatness correction manually For instructions see Performing the User Flatness Correction Manually on page 67 Press More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt Do Cal This creates the user flatness amplitude correction value table entries The signal generator enters the user flatness correction routine and a progress bar is shown on the display Press Done This loads the amplitude correction values into the user flatness correction array If desired press Configure Cal Array This opens the user flatness correction array where you can view the stored amplitude correction values The user flatness correction array title displays User Flatness UNSTORED indicating that the current user flatness correction array data has not been saved to the memory catalog Performing t
42. error always read the error message text by pressing Utility gt Error Info e RF Output Power Problems on page 189 e No Modulation at the RF Output on page 193 e Sweep Problems on page 194 e Data Storage Problems on page 196 e Cannot Turn Off Help Mode on page 197 e Signal Generator Locks Up on page 198 e Error Messages on page 200 e Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies on page 203 187 Troubleshooting 188 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems RF Output Power Problems Check the RF ON OFF annunciator on the display If it reads RF OFF press RF On Off to toggle the RF output on RF Output Power too Low 1 Look for an OFFS or REF indicator in the AMPLITUDE area of the display OFF S tells you that an amplitude offset has been set An amplitude offset changes the value shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display but does not affect the output power The amplitude displayed is equal to the current power output by the signal generator hardware plus the value for the offset To eliminate the offset press the following keys Amplitude gt More 1 of 2 gt Ampl Offset gt 0 gt dB REF tells you that the amplitude reference mode is activated When this mode is on the displayed amplitude value is not the output power level It is the current power output by the signal generator hardware minus the reference value set by the A
43. generator s display indicate that the mm wave source module is active NOTE For specific frequency amplitude ranges see the mm wave source module specifications Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction 2 Configure the signal generator to interface with the power meter a Press Amplitude gt More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt More 1 of 2 gt Power Meter gt E4416A E4417A E4418B or E4419B b Press Meter Address gt enter the power meter s GPIB address gt Enter c For E4417A and E4419B models press Meter Channel A B to select the power meter s active channel d Press Meter Timeout to adjust the length of time before the instrument generates a timeout error if unsuccessfully attempting to communicate with the power meter 3 Press More 2 of 2 gt Configure Cal Array gt More 1 of 2 gt Preset List gt Confirm Preset This opens the User Flatness table editor and resets the cal array frequency correction list 4 Press Configure Step Array This opens a menu for entering the user flatness step array data 5 Press Freq Start gt 26 5 gt GHz 6 Press Freq Stop gt 40 gt GHz 7 Press of Points gt 28 gt Enter This enters the desired flatness corrected frequencies 26 5 GHz to 40 GHz in 500 MHz intervals into the step array 8 Press Return gt Load Cal Array From Step Array gt Confirm Load From Step Data This populates the user flatness correction a
44. manual sweep mode The signal is low when the dwell is over or when a point trigger is received In ramp sweep mode the output provides 1601 equally spaced 1 us pulses nominal across a ramp sweep When using LF Out the output provides a 2 us pulse at the start of LF sweep 9 TRIGGER IN This female BNC connector accepts a 3 3V CMOS signal that is used for point to point triggering in manual sweep mode or a low frequency LF sweep in external sweep mode Triggering can occur on either the positive or negative edge of the signal start The damage level is lt 4 V or 2 10 V 10 SOURCE SETTLED This female BNC connector provides an indication when the signal generator has settled to a new frequency or power level A low indicates that the source has settled Chapter 1 19 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 11 EVENT 1 This female BNC connector E8267C only is used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector is non functional In real time mode the EVENT 1 connector outputs a pattern or frame synchronization pulse for triggering or gating external equipment It may be set to start at the beginning of a pattern frame or timeslot and is adjustable to within one timeslot with one bit resolution In arbitrary waveform mode the EVENT 1 connector outputs a timing signal generated by Marker 1 A marker 3 3V CMOS high when positive polarity is sel
45. or 600Q the damage levels are 5 Vims and 10 V On signal generators with Option 1EM this connector is relocated to the a rear panel 8 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 12 EXT 2 INPUT This female BNC input connector E8257C and E8267C only accepts a 1 V signal for AM FM and M With AM FM or PM 1 V produces the indicated deviation or depth When ac coupled inputs are selected for AM FM or M and the peak input voltage differs from 1V by more than 3 the HI LO annunciators light on the display The input impedance is selectable as either 50Q or 600Q and damage levels are 5 V ms and 10 V On signal generators with Option 1EM this input is relocated to the rear panel 13 LF OUTPUT This female BNC output connector E8257C and E8267C only outputs modulation signals generated by the low frequency LF source function generator This output is capable of driving 3V nominal into a 50Q load On signal generators with Option 1EM this output is relocated to the rear panel 14 Mod On Off This hardkey E8257C and E8267C only enables or disables all active modulation formats AM FM M Pulse or I Q applied to the output carrier signal available through the RF Output connector This hardkey does not set up or activate an AM FM M Pulse or I Q format each modulation format must still be set up and activated for example AM gt AM On or nothing is applied to the output carrier signal when the Mod O
46. page 89 open the Header Utilities menu Press ARB Setup gt Header Utilities The default header for the Custom digital modulation waveform is displayed see Figure 5 2 In the Saved Header Settings column the signal generator settings for the active format are shown as Unspecified which means that no settings have been saved to the file header If a setting is unspecified in the file header the current value for that setting does not change when the waveform is selected for later use The Current Inst Settings column shows the current signal generator settings for the active modulation These settings become the saved header settings when they are saved to the file header as demonstrated in step two Figure 5 2 Custom Digital Modulation Default Header Display FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Edit Lets you enter edit the 20 000 000 000 000 siz 135 00 am Ceip Peserpton tet DIGNOD non Clears the Saved Header ON Clear Header Settings column to the Ia h default settings Save Setup File Header Information FI AUTOGEN_JAVEFORN 10 Header Saves the Current Inst Header Field Saved Header Settings Current Inst Settings Settings column to the Description Saved Header Settings i column Sample Rate Unspecified 97 2000 kHz Marker 1 Polarity Unspecified Pos Current signal generator Marker 2 Polarity Unspecified Pos settings Marker 3 Polarity Unspecified Pos Marker 4 Polarity Unspecified Pos Page Up ALC Hold Routing Unspecified None Alt Ampl Routing
47. setting 91 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers 3 Return to the ARB Setup menu Press Return This menu lets you change the current instrument settings Figure 5 3 shows the ARB Setup softkey menu and the softkey paths used in steps four through nine 4 Set the ARB sample clock to 5 MHz Press ARB Sample Clock gt 5 gt MHz 5 Set the modulator attenuation to 15 dB Press More 1 of 2 gt Modulator Atten n nn dB Manual Auto to Manual gt 15 gt dB 6 Set the I Q modulation filter to a through Press I Q Mod Filter M anual Auto to Manual gt Through 7 Set marker one to blank the RF output at the set marker point s Press More 2 of 2 gt Marker Utilities gt Marker Routing gt Pulse RF Blank gt Marker 1 For information on setting markers see Using Waveform Markers on page 104 8 Set the polarity of Marker 1 negative Press Return gt Marker Polarity gt Marker 1 Polarity Neg Pos to Neg 9 Return to the Header Utilities menu Press Return gt Return gt Header Utilities Notice that the Current Inst Settings column now reflects the changes made to the current signal generator setup in steps 4 through 8 but that the saved header values have not changed as shown in Figure 5 4 on page 94 10 Save the current settings to the file header Press Save Setup To Header softkey The settings from the Current Inst Settings column now appear in the Saved Header Setti
48. the Key Reference for information on other marker softkey functions Adjusting Sweep Time 1 Press Sweep List This opens a menu of sweep control softkeys and displays a status screen summarizing all the current sweep settings 2 Press Configure Ramp Step Sweep Since ramp is the current sweep type softkeys in this menu specifically control ramp sweep settings When step is the selected sweep type the softkeys control step sweep settings Notice that the Freq Start and Freq Stop softkeys appear in this menu in addition to the Frequency hardkey menu 42 Chapter 2 3 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Press Sweep Time to Manual gt 5 gt sec In auto mode the sweep time automatically sets to the fastest allowable value In manual mode you can select any sweep time slower than the fastest allowable The fastest allowable sweep time is dependent on the number of trace points and channels being used on the 8757D and the frequency span Press Sweep Time to Auto The sweep time returns to its fastest allowable setting Using Alternate Sweep 1 Press the Save hardkey This opens the table editor and softkey menu for saving instrument states Notice that the Select Reg softkey is active For more information on saving instrument states refer to Using the Instrument State Register on page 54 Turn the front panel knob until you find an available register and press SAVE Remember this saved register number
49. the file FLATCAL1 The user flatness correction array title displays User Flatness FLATCAL1 6 Press Return gt Flatness Off On This applies the user flatness correction data contained in FLATCAL1 68 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Returning the Signal Generator to GPIB Listener M ode During the user flatness correction process the power meter is slaved to the signal generator via GPIB and no other controllers are allowed on the GPIB interface The signal generator operates in GPIB talker mode as a device controller for the power meter In this operating mode it cannot receive SCPI commands via GPIB If the signal generator is to be interfaced to a remote controller after performing the user flatness correction its GPIB controller mode must be changed from GPIB talker to GPIB listener If an RF carrier has been previously configured you must save the present instrument state before returning the signal generator to GPIB listener mode 1 Save your instrument state to the instrument state register For instructions see Saving an Instrument State on page 54 2 Press GPIB Listener Mode This presets the signal generator and returns it to GPIB listener mode The signal generator can now receive remote commands executed by a remote controller connected to the GPIB interface 3 Recall your instrument state from the instrument state register For instructions see Sa
50. used for this demonstration Before generating your signal connect the spectrum analyzer to the signal generator as shown in Figure 8 1 Figure 8 1 Spectrum Analyzer Setup 10 MHz OUT 10 MHz IN RF INPUT RF OUTPUT To Create a Custom M ultitone Waveform Using the Multitone Setup table editor you can define modify and store user defined multitone waveforms Multitone waveforms are generated by the dual arbitrary waveform generator 1 Preset the signal generator Set the signal generator RF output frequency to 20 GHz Set the signal generator RF output amplitude to 0 dBm Press Mode gt Multitone gt Initialize Table gt Number of Tones gt 9 gt Enter Press Freq Spacing gt 1 gt MHz Press Initialize Phase Fixed Random to Random Press Done Press Multitone Off On to On Ce PND YH FY N Turn on the RF output Chapter 8 171 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms The multitone signal should be available at the signal generator RF OUTPUT connector Figure 8 2 on page 172 shows what the signal generator display should look like after all steps have been completed Notice that the M TONE I Q RF ON and MOD ON annunciators are displayed and the parameter settings for the signal are shown in the status area of the signal generator display The multitone waveform is stored in volatile ARB memory The waveform has nine tones spaced 1 MHz apart with ra
51. 01 Selecting a Waveform Sequence 1 Press Select Waveform 2 Highlight a waveform for example TTONE MTONE from the Sequence column of the Select Waveform catalog and press Select Waveform The display shows the currently selected waveform for example Selected Waveform SEQ TTONE MTONB Generating the Waveform Press ARB Off On until On is highlighted This plays the waveform sequence created in the previous sections During the waveform sequence generation the ARB and I Q annunciators activate Editing a Waveform Sequence This procedure demonstrates how to edit waveform segments within a waveform sequence and then save the edited sequence under a new name Within the editing display you can change the number of times each segment plays the repetitions delete segments add segments toggle markers on or off for more on markers see To Toggle Markers As You Create a Waveform Sequence on page 107 and save changes NOTE If you do not store changes to the waveform sequence prior to exiting the waveform sequence editing display the changes are removed Press Waveform Sequences gt Edit Selected Waveform Sequence and highlight the first entry Press Edit Repetitions gt 100 gt Enter The second segment is automatically selected Press Edit Repetitions gt 200 gt Enter Save the edited file as a new waveform sequence PWN a Press Name And Store b Press Editing Keys gt Clear
52. 1 1011 011A 1101 1011 0110 1101 1011 DE60B6DB 40 0111 0110 1101 W100 0110 1101 1011 0110 76D46086 60 Insert Deleter Gotos Apply Bit Errors Chapter 7 More 1 of 2 151 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Inverting the Bit Values of an Existing Data Pattern User File 1 Press 1011 This inverts the bit values that are positioned 4C through 4F Notice that hex data in this row has now changed to 76DB6DBB6 as shown in the following figure Bits 4C through 4F inverted Hex Data changed FREQUI AMPLITUDE 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 om EXT REF Inserte Deleter Bit File Editor Pos Size 96 UNTITLEDS Offset Binary Data Hex Data 0 0110 1101 1041 0110 1110 1101 1011 0110 SEDB6 Goto 20 1101 1011 0111101 1011 0110 1101 1011 DB6DB 40 0111 0110 1101 1011 M110 1101 1011 0110 7eDBeDB6 60 Apply Bit Errors More 1 of 2 To Apply Bit Errors to an Existing Data Pattern User File This example demonstrates how to apply bit errors to an existing data pattern user file If you have not created and stored a data pattern user file first complete the steps in the previous section Creating a Data Pattern User File with the Bit File Editor on page 149 1 Press Apply Bit Errors 2 Press Bit Errors gt 5 gt Enter 3 Press Apply Bit Errors Notice both Bit Errors softkeys change value as they are linked Using an Externally Supplied Data Pattern In this p
53. 1 800 629 485 fax 64 4 495 8950 fax 81 426 56 7840 fax 61 3 9210 5947 Asia Call Center Numbers Country Phone Number Fax Number Singapore 1 800 375 8100 65 836 0252 Malaysia 1 800 828 848 1 800 801664 Philippines 632 8426802 632 8426809 1 800 16510170 PLDT Subscriber 1 800 16510288 PLDT Only Subscriber Only Thailand 088 226 008 outside Bangkok 66 1 661 3714 662 661 3999 within Bangkok Hong Kong 800 930 871 852 2506 9233 Taiwan 0800 047 866 886 2 25456723 People s Republic of 800 810 0189 preferred 10800 650 0121 China 10800 650 0021 India 1 600 11 2929 000 800 650 1101 Chapter 10 203 Troubleshooting Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies 204 Chapter 10 Symbols M 81 Numerics 10 MHz connectors 24 128QAM I Q modulation creating 137 1410 application note 170 180 A AC power receptacle 18 ACP 126 154 active entry area display 13 adjustments display 11 Agilent Technologies 203 ALC annunciator 14 bandwidth selection 59 input connector 9 limitations amplitude 61 off mode setting 192 with attenuator option 63 Alpha adjustment filter 126 alternate ramp sweep 43 AM 14 79 amplifier microwave 47 amplitude display area 16 hardkey 7 LF output 84 modulation See AM ramp sweep 44 reference amp offset 30 analog modulation 77 85 analog PSG features 3 annunciators
54. 14 application note 1410 170 180 ARB file catalogs 52 reference setting 144 waveform header files 88 98 See also Custom Arb waveform generator See also Dual Arbitrary waveform generator Index ARMED annunciator 14 arrow hardkeys 11 ATTEN HOLD annunciator 14 attenuator external leveling 63 automatic leveling control See ALC AUXILIARY I O connector 21 AUXILIARY INTERFACE connector 18 bandwidth ALC selecting 59 reference oscillator adjusting 76 baseband generator custom Arb mode 119 custom real time I Q mode 145 Dual Arb mode 87 Multitone mode 169 REF IN connector 23 settings 158 159 Two Tone mode 179 BbT adjusting 126 binary files 52 bit files 52 bits per symbol equation 161 BURST GATE IN connector 20 burst shapes 153 157 c carrier feedthrough minimizing 175 184 carrier signal modulating 51 CCDF 177 ceiling function bits per symbol 161 certificate license key 57 clipping 112 118 COH connector 22 comments adding amp editing instrument state 54 concepts differential data encoding 160 FIR filters 125 waveform clipping 113 waveform markers 108 Configuring the Burst Rise and Fall Parameters 154 connectors 6 17 Index 205 Index continuous list sweep 36 step sweep 33 wave RF output 28 contrast adjustments display 11 correction array user flatness configuration 66 load from step array 66 viewing 67 See also user flatn
55. 2 Select the desired bandwidth When using an external timebase reference 1 Press Utility gt Instrument Adjustments gt Reference Oscillator Adjustment gt External Ref Bandwidth 2 Select the desired bandwidth To Restore Factory Default Settings Internal Timebase 125 Hz External Timebase 25 Hz Press Utility gt Instrument Adjustments gt Reference Oscillator Adjustment gt Restore Factory Defaults 76 Chapter 3 4 Analog Modulation In the following sections this chapter describes the analog modulation capability in Agilent E8257C PSG Analog and E8267C PSG Vector Signal Generators e Analog Modulation Waveforms on page 78 e Configuring AM on page 79 e Configuring FM on page 80 e Configuring PM on page 81 e Configuring Pulse Modulation on page 82 e Configuring the LF Output on page 83 77 Analog Modulation Analog Modulation Waveforms Analog Modulation Waveforms The signal generator can modulate the RF carrier with four types of analog modulation e amplitude e frequency e phase and e pulse Available internal waveforms include Sine sine wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency Dual Sine dual sine waves with individually adjustable frequencies and a percent of peak amplitude setting for the second tone available from function generator only Swept Sine swept sine wave with adjustable start and stop frequencies sweep rate and sweep trigger setting
56. 7 LF output 9 83 85 license key 57 line power LED 10 list error messages 200 files 52 mode values table editor 26 sweep 34 195 listener mode annunciator 14 Load Store softkey 27 Local hardkey 11 low frequency output See LF output M magnitude error simulation 140 markers blanking in sequence 110 output 19 ramp sweep 40 toggling in waveform sequence 106 107 waveform 104 master slave setup 45 MDMOD files 52 memory catalog 52 196 See also instrument state register MENUS hardkeys 8 Index 207 Index microwave amplifier 47 mixer signal loss while using 190 mm wave source module extending frequency range with 47 leveling with 63 user flatness correction array creating 69 75 mod on off 9 15 models signal generator 2 modes of operation 5 modulation amplitude See AM analog 78 annunciators 14 16 applying 50 file catalogs 52 frequency See FM on off hardkey 9 phase See PM predefined setups 121 146 pulse 82 types 136 user defined 122 165 See also digital modulation MSK modulation 136 MTONE files 52 multitone waveform generator 169 178 non linear devices testing 170 180 numeric keypad 9 NVMKRR files 52 NVWFM files 52 Nyquist filters 126 0 offset 29 30 on off switch 10 options 4 57 oscillator reference adjusting BW 76 output See LF output and RF output OVEN COLD annunciator 15 P Page Down softkey 27 Page Up softkey 27
57. 98 00 00 Table il 2 View all waveform segments in non volatile memory a Press the Catalog Type softkey As shown in Figure 5 7 you have a choice of three waveform file types that can be displayed in the table accessed in step one NVW FM displays all waveform segments stored in non volatile memory Seq displays all waveform sequence files WFM1 displays all waveform segments stored in volatile memory b Press the NVWFM softkey The table displays the waveform files in non volatile memory 3 View a waveform file s header information Highlight a file and press the View Header softkey The header information for the selected waveform file appears in the PSG display If there is a waveform playing its header information is replaced by this information but the waveform settings used by the signal generator do not change To return to the header information for the playing waveform either press View Different Header select the current playing waveform file and press View Header or press Return gt Header Utilities Chapter 5 97 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Playing a Waveform File that Contains a Header After a waveform file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM is generated in a modulation format and the format is turned off the file becomes accessible to and can be played back in only the dual ARB player This is also true for downloaded waveform files downloading files is described in the
58. AM Off On For some formats the off on key may appear in additional menus other than the first one 2 Press the modulation format off on key until On highlights Figure 2 11 shows the portion of the AM modulation format s first menu that displays the state of the modulation format as well as the active modulation format annunciator The modulation format generates but the carrier signal is not modulated until you apply it to the RF output see page 51 Depending on the modulation format the signal generator may require a few seconds to build the signal Within the digital formats E8267C PSG with Option 002 602 only you may see a BaseBand Reconfiguring status bar appear on the display Once the signal is generated an annunciator showing the name of the format appears on the display indicating that the modulation format is active For digital formats E8267C PSG with Option 002 602 only the I Q annunciator appears in addition to the name of the modulation format Figure 2 11 Example of AM Modulation Format Off and On FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE AM Path 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 an ew ee First AM Menu on Modulation format is off AM Depth 0 14 Nodulation Status Information Nod State Depth Dev Source Rate Haveform AN Source y Internal Active Modulation Format Annunciator FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE AM Path 20 000 000 000 00 xz 135 00 n 2 anl BE a ore mA lt Modulatio
59. E 79 COMUNE id EE E E T E E EE E EE ETE 80 To Set the RP Output Pequency sirccrir srren reret bees ease ewe a He eae ROE HOES 80 To det the RF Output Amplie 3 20545 dv ede ie beh bd beSs REELED APES ikiii rehni 80 To Set the FM Deyishion and Rates aocpcna bbbid He oad bee Ga EOE ESE EERdE eRe Ree 80 TIAE FM ncchamsepeng er ESET E CEEE EESE PERSAS EE ET EREET EEEE RETETE 80 Pe aAa eA E AE E A E EE O E AAE ETT TTT 81 To Set the RF Omput Pequency 4 5640s ke cv decor tenine ner tieira orka ina iere 81 To Set ihe RE Output Ample lt 55 ioe ade dr DETRAN EO ENRERE EERE OES 81 To Set the FM Deviation and Rate 2iics cicce eee ae ede eeebewe sd Peed beeen ewe deus 81 TG ACHVME HI cca ghen ieee red bs heer ee eek ee oad Gee hat SEL ese die sedi ET 81 Connie Pulse MotMlanitciiac tongue eeu ceed ee sa be ebebedeaieeteieesadecgeueseas 82 To Set the RE Uuiput Prequency recurrir itron stre ER REEERE EES ES EIS ERTER EE eee 82 To Setthe RF Output Ample 5 20 i0064 ker divseeese eeo E4GF444 eae ea RRL Re HE 82 To Set the Pulse Period atid Widit c22 ttcccs ceceraseketeeeteesh ise Eres eee Gh obs 82 Te Ach vate Pulse ModulahoM ss core sededicdhinsrGenbededendeoh seeds een EREE RRRS 82 Comune he LP Suu acconescaxentnnesdaatetneiucng i eeaaieeeedaataiecaedea wns 83 To Configure the LF Output with an Internal Modulation Source 0004 84 To Configure the LF Output with a Function Generator Source 0 00002 eee 85 5 Dual Arbitrary
60. Enabling Options You can retrofit your signal generator after purchase to add new capabilities Some new optional features are implemented in hardware that you must install Some options are implemented in software but require the presence of optional hardware in the instrument This example shows you how to enable software options Enabling a Software Option A license key provided on the license key certificate is required to enable each software option 1 Access the Software Options menu Utility gt Instrument Adjustments gt Instrument Options gt Software Options The following is an example of the signal generator display which lists any enabled software options and any software options that can be enabled FREQUENCY 90 000 000 000 000 ee 135 00 wn te Softuare Option Selection Host ID e177ffff Option License Key Description O07 FBG63FA1 214 v RAMP SWEEP 015 OOOO0000000A v WIDEBAND IQ 1EA v HIGH OUTPUT POWER 420 v RADAR SIMULATION PERSONALITY 421 v NOISE POWER RATIO PERSONALITY Proceed With Reconfiguration 2 Verify that the host ID shown on the display matches the host ID on the license key certificate The host ID is a unique number for every instrument If the host ID on the license key certificate does not match your instrument the license key cannot enable the software option Verify that any required hardware is installed Because some software options are linked to sp
61. Enter a new symbol rate and press Msps ksps or sps To Restore the Default Symbol Rate Custom Real Time I Q Only Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Symbol Rate gt Restore Default Symbol Rate This replaces the current symbol rate with the default symbol rate for the selected modulation format Chapter 6 133 vel 9 Ja dey Bits Custom Real Time Only Modulation Type Per Bit Rate Internal Symbol Rate External Symbol Rate Symbol Symbols s x Number of Bits Symbol Minimum Maximam Minimum Maimam PSK QPSK and OQPSK 2 90 bps 100 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 25 Msps quadrature phase shift keying and Phase offset quadrature phase shift keying Shift Includes QPSK IS95 QPSK Keying Gray Coded QPSK OQPSK IS95 OQPSK BPSK 1 45 bps 50 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 50 Msps binary phase shift keying m 4 DQPSK 2 90 bps 100 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 25 Msps 8PSK 3 135 bps 150 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 16 67 Msps eight phase state shift keying 16PSK 4 180 sps 200 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 12 5 Msps sixteen phase state shift keying D8PSK 3 135 bps 150 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 16 67 Msps eight phase state shift keying MSK MSK 1 45 bps 50 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 50 Msps Minimum GSM Global System for Shift Mobile Communications Keying FSK 2 Lvl FSK 1 45 bps 50 Mbps 45 s
62. Feedthrough iesise eee keen leweddbaepereedeea decade te deere ee 184 To Change the Alignment of a Two Tone Wavelonit cs onion ee toed ads dee e scene ee ee neon 186 10 TOUBIOGHOOIING ii istic ieeectccccneereesisessesidersuaveudusvevereiseercedecdaakOT RP Output Power Problems o hceidecerchatiekoticeoe dient bien eenah ETR 189 RF Opt Power We LOW is issdeecen dase eke ee ke gtpene EEEN ERER EKER EEEE EER 189 The Power Supply has Shut DOWN 2 00c5446voaarsopeo5o4aR Sba49 S449 04e aS DREADS HOD 189 Signal Loss While Working With a MIREN c0 4 ecco pectie adeeb deseo Soh oboe ee iski 190 Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer 0 00 0 e eee ee eee eee 192 No Modano at ie RF Quip iecotiesoateieart taebecoulebhniaesielekoulesaabanes 193 Sweep Proplentie i 44 nehoeee bas ecsbegeludicivecalvdnateadiwrs hee T heed ress 194 Sweep Appears ta be Saed orreta ieee eee Ge eee Rhee da es RE eRe one VEET EIEE 194 Cannot Tim OM Sweep Mode 42 5 261ce 2 cee Gas k es eke DR EER EREDAR E RP ORR OU 194 Incorrect List Sweep Dwel THe 4 5 0 25 56 02rsceabagyee a gabs ae ber edad nde eeegbawegn 195 List Sweep Information is Missing from a Recalled Register 0 000000 195 ata Senare Pools saoter or EES EE AEE EESE AE EEDE EEES EREE EE EErEE 196 Registers With Previously Stored Instrument States are Empty 0000 196 Saved Instrument State but Register is Empty or Contains Wrong State 196 Can
63. HR SEER a EES AEE POSER TREES OEE WER TR RSH RO 146 Working with Predefined Setups Modes 0c cec2c5ees05eeeRi Gee eee dew bees e Keee ee be 146 selecting a Predefined Real Time Modulation Setup 05 5 650cs000eeensserdse ean eee a 146 Deselecting a Predefined Real Time Modulation Setup 0 2 00 000020 146 Working with Data Paters 45 44 45 4 64444 ees de Ay Sab Ree PEAS BEEP E DEER ERE ESE ERR 147 Using a Predenned Data Pane sasce keds ne eere heer eeiendus thie eh ie ceed downs 148 Usine a User Dermed Dota Pateik erence eunis dn onne EEEE RER EREE EERS 149 Using an Externally Supplied Data Pattern cic cs cccceceasealecausebeehedsadeehaucdiion 132 Working with Burst GRADER 2 6 dca ani betel tadeiosi shed ikio i evinr Snir enek oe 133 Configuring the Burst Rise and Pall Parameters 35 2 sinieeys de dog beeen sade eeaw seed 154 Using User Defined Bist Shape Curves y cisco cic pee iieeees eerie eed sews taweethe oe 155 Contin Had Ware yon b oe hae eek bE RL DORE LOR ie METRE EDSSH AY a ere AERO DA 158 To Set the BEG Reiience i p hea sh eeeei erett eer ROE ROEeE REEL RHE Shas Cee w OR eH 158 To Set the External DATA CLOCK to Receive Input as Either Normal or Symbol 159 To Set the BBG DATA CLOCK to Bxtemal or Intemal cc5 cskea ck teueetanewniandekes os 159 Te Aduse the VO Srn oi ce be a eror un eke SSeS AREA OP OSA ad oe EETA E ae 159 Workine With Phase Folatty soe ccs eek hehe Ogee delat eee EREE Pew eee RR 160 To Set Ph
64. Ifyou select Ext you must enter the reference frequency 250 kHz to 100 MHz and apply the reference signal to the rear panel BASEBAND GEN REF IN e Ifyou select Int the internal clock is used for the arbitrary waveform ARB frequency reference Setting the External Frequency The external Arb reference frequency is only used when the ARB Reference Ext Int softkey has been set to Ext external 1 Press Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator gt More 1 of 2 2 Press Reference Freq enter a desired frequency 250 kHz to 100 MHz and press MHz kHz or Hz 144 Chapter 6 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband This chapter describes the Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators This chapter includes the following major sections Overview on page 146 Working with Predefined Setups Modes on page 146 Working with Data Patterns on page 147 Working with Burst Shapes on page 153 Configuring Hardware on page 158 Working with Phase Polarity on page 160 Working with Differential Data Encoding on page 160 See also Working with Filters on page 125 Working with Symbol Rates on page 133 Working with Modulation Types on page 136 145 Custom Real Time Q Baseband Overview Overview Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode can produce a single carrier but it can be modulated with real time data that allows real ti
65. Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Burst Shape Press Rise Time gt 5 gt bits Press Rise Delay gt 1 gt bits Press Fall Time gt 5 gt bits Nn WF YN Press Fall Delay gt 1 gt bits This configures the burst shape for the custom real time I Q baseband digital modulation format For instructions on creating and applying user defined burst shape curves see To Create and Store User Defined Burst Shape Curves on page 155 154 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Using User Defined Burst Shape Curves You can adjust the shape of the rise time curve and the fall time curve using the Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors Each editor enables you to enter up to 256 values equidistant in time to define the shape of the curve The values are then resampled to create the cubic spline that passes through all of the sample points The Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors are available for custom real time I Q baseband generator waveforms They are not available for waveforms generated by the dual arbitrary waveform generator You can also design burst shape files externally and download the data to the signal generator For more information see the programming guide To Create and Store User Defined Burst Shape Curves Using this procedure you learn how to enter rise shape sample values and mirror them as fall shape values to create a symmetrical burst curve 1 Press Preset
66. Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments If necessary press Load Store to Load Press Load All From NVWFM Memory BN Copies of all NVWEM waveform segment files have been loaded into volatile memory as WFM1 files You can also load files individually by highlighting the file and pressing Load Segment From NVWFM Memory Renaming a Waveform Segment 1 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments 2 Highlight the desired file and press Rename Segment gt Editing Keys gt Clear Text 3 Enter the desired file name then press Enter Chapter 5 103 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers Using Waveform Markers Waveform markers provide auxiliary output signals that are synchronized with a waveform segment You can place up to four markers on a waveform segment However only Marker and Marker 2 can be placed using the waveform player s user interface for more information refer to Waveform Marker Concepts on page 108 Using markers you can construct an output signal as a trigger to synchronize another instrument to a given portion of a waveform You can also place markers into a waveform sequence either as the sequence is being built or within an existing waveform sequence For instructions on verifying marker operation see To Verify Marker Operation on page 107 To Place a Marker at the First Point within a Waveform Segment If you have not created a waveform segment complete th
67. RI Anj AM Modulation Format is Active FREQUENCY 20 000 000 000 000 sz AMPLITUDE 135 00 n oe a Mod Set to On Carrier is not Modulated No Active Modulation Format Chapter 2 51 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Functions Using Data Storage Functions This section explains how to use the two forms of signal generator data storage the memory catalog and the instrument state register Using the Memory Catalog The Memory Catalog is the signal generator s interface for viewing storing and saving files it can be accessed through the signal generator s front panel or a remote controller For information on performing these tasks remotely see the Programming Guide Table 2 1 Memory Catalog File Types and Associated Data Binary binary data State instrument state data controlling instrument operating parameters such as frequency amplitude and mode LIST sweep data from the List Mode Values table including frequency amplitude and dwell time User Flatness user flatness calibration correction pair data user defined frequency and corresponding amplitude correction values FIR Finite Impulse Response FIR filter coefficients ARB Catalog Types E8267C PSG with Option 002 602 only user created files Waveform Catalog Types WFM1 waveform file NVARB Catalog Types NVWFM non volatile ARB waveform file NVMKR non volatile ARB waveform
68. Seq files 52 sequences deleting 55 instrument state register 54 renaming 102 toggling markers in 106 107 service request annunciator 15 service See troubleshooting shape files 52 signal loss troubleshooting 189 Signal Studio software 170 180 single step sweep 32 SMI connector 24 softkeys 7 16 27 SOURCE SETTLED OUTPUT connector 19 spectral regrowth 115 spectrum analyzer troubleshooting signal loss 192 Index standby LED 10 state files 52 step array user flatness 64 See also user flatness correction step attenuator external leveling 63 step sweep 32 33 STOP SWEEP connector 19 storage troubleshooting 196 sweep annunciator 15 list 34 output 19 ramp 37 46 RF output 31 step 32 trigger 36 troubleshooting 194 Sweep List hardkey 8 switch power 10 symbol rates 133 SYMBOL SYNC INPUT connector 12 SYNC OUT connector 10 T T talker mode annunciator 15 table editor using 26 27 talker mode annunciator 15 text display area 16 trigger hardkey 8 inputs GATE PULSE TRIGGER 10 PATTERN TRIG IN 20 TRIGGER IN 19 output 19 setting 36 143 waveform 111 troubleshooting 187 203 two tone 179 186 U UNLEVEL annunciator 15 UNLOCK annunciator 16 user flatness 52 64 75 Index 209 Index user defined burst shape curves 155 data patterns 149 files 52 filters 127 129 modulation type custom arb 122 real time I Q 137 165 V vector PSG f
69. Signal generators without Option EA E8247C PSG and E8257C PSG require an Agilent 8349B microwave amplifier Signal generators with Option 1EA can drive the output of millimeter wave source modules to maximum specified power without a microwave amplifier e cables and adapters as required Connect the Equipment CAUTION To prevent damage to the signal generator turn off the line power to the signal generator before connecting the source module interface cable to the rear panel SOURCE MODULE interface connector 1 Turn off the signal generator s line power 2 Connect the equipment as shown e E8247C PSG and E8257C PSG without Option 1EA use the setup in Figure 2 9 e E8267C PSG or E8247C PSG and E8257C PSG with Option 1EA use the setup in Figure 2 10 Chapter 2 47 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 9 Setup for E8247C PSG and E8257C PSG without Option 1EA SIGNAL SOURCE Ww GENERATOR MODULE H ADAPTER If Required RF INPUT MICROWAVE AMPLIFIER RF OUTPUT MM WAVE SOURCE MODULE Leveled SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE Output Setting the Signal Generator 1 48 Turn on the signal generator s line power Upon power up the signal generator automatically e senses the mm wave source module e switches the signal generator s leveling mode to external source module power is leveled at the mm wave source module output e sets the mm wave source module frequency and amplitude
70. These procedures describe how to delete registers and sequences saved to an instrument state register Deleting a Specific Register within a Sequence 1 2 Press Preset Press the Recall or Save hardkey Notice that the Select Seq softkey shows the last sequence that you used Press Select Seq and enter the sequence number containing the register you want to delete Press Select Reg and enter the register number you want to delete Notice that the Delete Seq n Reg nn should be loaded with the sequence and register you want to delete Press Delete Seq n Reg nn This deletes the chosen register Chapter 2 55 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Functions Deleting All Registers within a Sequence 1 Press Preset 2 Press the Recall or Save hardkey Notice that the Select Seq softkey shows the last sequence that you used 3 Press Select Seq and enter the sequence number containing the registers you want to delete 4 Press Delete all Regs in Seq n This deletes all registers in the selected sequence Deleting All Sequences CAUTION Be sure you want to delete the contents of all registers and all sequences in the instrument state register 1 Press Preset 2 Press the Recall or Save hardkey Notice that the Select Seq softkey shows the last sequence that you used 3 Press Delete All Sequences This deletes all of the sequences saved in the instrument state register 56 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Enabling Options
71. Tone 20 000 000 000 000 sre 0 00 aan EEE a a na Erea separation 10 000 000 MHz l e me Baseband ux Status Information Right Item State Source Format Description BBG1 on ARBTTONE satre 1 0 Mod on I Q Int BBG 1 Extout BBG 1 To View a Two Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to configure the spectrum analyzer to view a two tone waveform and its IMD products Actual key presses will vary depending on the model of spectrum analyzer you are using 1 oP we ON 6 7 Preset the spectrum analyzer Set the carrier frequency to 20 GHz Set the frequency span to 60 MHz Set the amplitude for a 10 dB scale with a 4 dBm reference Adjust the resolution bandwidth to sufficiently reduce the noise floor to expose the IMD products A 9 1 kHz setting was used in our example Turn on the peak detector Set the attenuation to 14 dB so you re not overdriving the input mixer on the spectrum analyzer You should now see a two tone waveform with a 20 GHz center carrier frequency that is similar to the one shown in Figure 9 3 on page 183 You will also see IMD products at 10 MHz intervals above and below the generated tones and a carrier feedthrough spike at the center frequency with carrier feedthrough distortion products at 10 MHz intervals above and below the center carrier frequency 182 Chapter 9 Figure 9 3 Chapter 9 Two Tone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone W
72. Triggers Using Waveform Triggers The dual arbitrary waveform generator includes several different triggering options single gated segment advance and continuous The trigger source can be the Trigger hardkey a command sent through the remote interface or an external signal applied to the TRIGGER IN rear panel connector To Use Segment Advance Triggering Using this procedure you learn how to control sequence playback of two waveform segments using segment advance triggering If you have not created and stored a waveform sequence complete the steps in the previous sections Creating Waveform Segments on page 100 and Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence on page 101 Configuring the Waveform Sequence Trigger Press Preset Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Select Waveform Highlight a waveform sequence file for example TTONE100 MTONE200 Press Select Waveform Press Trigger gt Segment Advance Press Trigger gt Trigger Setup gt Trigger Source gt Trigger Key Press Return gt Return gt ARB Off On to On PO OEE oN The first waveform segment in the sequence TTONE plays and modulates the RF carrier The waveform player has been programmed to stop the playback of the current waveform segment and start the playback of the next waveform segment in the sequence when a trigger is received from the front panel Trigger hardkey You can now enable the RF output and use the signal Triggering
73. User s Guide Agilent Technologies PSG Signal Generators This guide applies to the following signal generator models E8267C PSG Vector Signal Generator E8257C PSG Analog Signal Generator E8247C PSG CW Signal Generator Due to our continuing efforts to improve our products through firmware and hardware revisions signal generator design and operation may vary from descriptions in this guide We recommend that you use the latest revision of this guide to ensure you have up to date product information Compare the print date of this guide see bottom of page with the latest revision which can be downloaded from the following website www agilent com find psg raas Agilent Technologies Manufacturing Part Number E8251 90253 Printed in USA December 2003 Copyright 2002 2003 Agilent Technologies Inc Notice The material contained in this document is provided as is and is subject to being changed without notice in future editions Further to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law Agilent disclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and to any of the Agilent products to which it pertains including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing use or performance of this document or any of the Agilent products t
74. User Flatness Correction Equipment Setup SIGNAL aa aaa aii aaa GENERATOR SOURCE MODULE i 1 1 1 m E Ni 1 Input i POWER METER my 1 1 and other H 7 See a Devices TT latness 1 Corrected OUT IN y Output Pot DOWER SENSOR Se eaeeeee See ee eS ee ow Sa eee aa aaa e H Device Under Test Chapter 3 65 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Configure the Signal Generator 1 2 66 Press Preset Configure the signal generator to interface with the power meter a Press Amplitude gt More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt More 1 of 2 gt Power Meter gt E4416A E4417A E4418B or E4419B b Press Meter Address gt enter the power meter s GPIB address gt Enter c For E4417A and E4419B models press Meter Channel A B to select the power meter s active channel d Press Meter Timeout to adjust the length of time before the instrument generates a timeout error if unsuccessfully attempting to communicate with the power meter Press More 2 of 2 gt Configure Cal Array gt More 1 of 2 gt Preset List gt Confirm Preset This opens the User Flatness table editor and presets the cal array frequency correction list Press Configure Step Array This opens a menu for entering the user flatness step array data Press Freq Start gt 1 gt GHz Press Freq Stop gt 10 gt GHz Press of Points gt 10 gt Enter Steps 4 5 and 6 enter the
75. Waveform Generator ccc cee c cece eccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee es OD Arbitrary ARB Waveform Pile Headers ue cies chk cekd ee edes beds oie be OES AEELE LER 88 Creating a File Header for a Modulation Format Waveform 00000000000 89 Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format 0 0 0 0 000 000 90 Storing Header Information for a Dual ARB Player Waveform Sequence 95 Modifying and Viewing Header Information in the Dual ARB Player 95 Playing a Waveform File that Contains a Header 00 eee ee ee 98 Using the Dual ARB Waveform PIAVG oc iccictedes dy ored ed reso eee Ghdereecekeeasege dar 99 Accessing the Duel ARB Pleyel crash sidesa HL ksatbetabe eed Roe eeondi Rede eeeden 99 CPealing Mayerin Seen sc peuccece Sopeeeereeyeredderegirreeeeeeewineee eased 100 Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence 5 0 cee eee ee eee eee eee 101 Plaine a WaveiomMi secr ooo tarere deer ede ehbiee he eA eben yee rre ene ed 102 vi Contents Bane Waren SequeNCe 525 ds cnc cece tealiterlacablesnasecaakerpesedentawan 102 Storing and Loading Waveform Segments 4 6 50 e nse nesaeeaeee dae bedsehaaaxe de 103 Renaming a Wavelornmn SSOmenl eiere re ees eee a awe SRR oe oe Ae nm Aw 103 Use Waveform Mathers 12064566 2400545048 Forde eee LIAS CO ERE ER Ode Hee OR 104 To Place a Marker at the First Point within a Waveform Segment 00 104 To P
76. a Sekine ALC Bondware EEEE E E E E 59 LOSE int AEC Candy Eene Giese E EREE ROERE PERRERA ER 39 Usine Exicmal Levene oo sciwcatdenduind used OREA NERE TEORA OUTEUR E ERSA 60 To Level with Detectors and CouplernsSpltters 9 eset udandveeiaeeeun deeds weeaebeadigs 60 To Level with a mimi Wave Source Module cs 5 ccs esse8 ce ene sav eens oeneyeneed oon 63 Creatine and Applying User Flatness Correction 22i 64 2c 9005s g2 doa oese deeds bak ida den 64 Creating a User Flatness Correction Altay sires ccc hdactenede ee boeh oe ede bores nensn ee 64 Creating a User Flatness Correction Array with a mm Wave Source Module 69 Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth Option UNR 00 0 0 cece eee eee 76 To Select the Reference Oscillator Bandwiditt 0 20 0 u4 csecenhe 80sbnesbeaswibaces 76 To Restore Factory Default Senne iiss ein dee te chats eo eee Gee Pe RE eRe ee 76 Contents A Analog Modulation sirisisisiririsiviisnssrersroreikinrniorii eR eeEReOTeNeNNiRNa le Analoz Vodulation Waye orere otita Eor ETECO EEE EE EPIS PE EOS EEE eoreegesy ENA 78 Concur t AM cerisa ikeir ir Sy Bele SRR a Gn BURR aa 79 To Set The Catier Prequency 4 50544 05 05459464 400R ROSSA ier erno Re OER ERS T9 To Set the RE Output Ample oererresinern reenn ee eR See eds cow A CARR Ree 79 Tose Men Denied Rai iciscteteetcascintelehcdeheconensede ae eiadezanews Ee To Tan on Atnplitade Modulation ss pirsrrotdcr eogi u t n Edet heen ES EEEE EFE ED
77. a EDE REEERE ER 11 AL LOCA pekaepde necked nee E L A A a epee a nkeee baw NT 11 De PE a EEE E aber wee R EE A ER 11 Soy VO INPUTS ckrcdip toeta tuo ke tad RETER E ERRE ERRA TRAR OES 12 34 DATA INPUT og ote AP aG RARE RARER IEE RHEE RH Ae RE HEARS PAREDE SS LARERS SRA 12 IPART LOCE INPUT signe piret aereoa hia er sorea i eie 2 20 S EMBOL STNG INPUT perep toS Iri nE EEE ERR EEEE ERENS ERER EKP ES PEETI 12 Prout Pie DPF 225i ctutoatedoctecegienepiasseeresn ba eorseooad ceoakacendenans 13 LACUS Eny AgGa iad cee eee ewes ode eee ESds HOE OSU ESERUS ak Aer Rees 13 2 PUCQUENCYy ICN nic dee baGethedwa hoses tetia dep tee Rieke ade adwie ES EAREN Renamed 13 DANNO a a a ee ee ee 14 4 Distal Modulation ANUUNCISIOIS o nn ccer cedex cans ehedere etek Sieeweeeseweob esau 16 J PAPE UCR ad Soha eee eee hanteha Hiebdey Shae etd e eeeeeenees 16 P Eror Nostoc Ales ccrersaclawseraeesiheeecheye chee epes EEES EEEE EREET EEEE 16 Te WORE PCB 5 5 5 ROR GERAD aea eoa LE SHG AS ESS ito HRARE SME 16 S bolikey Label Af iere si whe Powe see eee hes deat ee Veer Rhee ee eee hoe eee aes 16 Bear Palle 42st dais ek ReGen eee ee eee eee Deena EE EEEE FETE 17 LACPIw r Ree E icc cle coetakogiediobethqiakenhscoebesoadechwhekadreseas 18 AE al PE A a E a A E L T ETT E 18 a AUXUAARY WIERD Eerrrterresoir neee E OT Eea 18 A LAN 6205 bi chee tee erR IRRIA ENARA ERA RAE RRRA EROAA OER 18 3 STOP SWEEP INOUT s esiiiepirnagiioei ireo iki p irei i SALAD ORE EH SRA RoR ELS 19 0 Z AXIS BLANK
78. age 44 Chapter 2 37 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring a Frequency Sweep 1 Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 2 2 NOTE The PSG signal generator is not compatible with the GPIB system interface of an 8757A 8757C or 8757E For these older scalar network analyzers do not connect the GPIB cable in Figure 2 2 This method provides only a subset of 8757D functionality See the PSG Data Sheet for details Use the 8757A C E documentation instead of this procedure Figure 2 2 Equipment Setup BNC Cable BNC Cable BNC Cable GPIB Cable Z Axis Sweep Sweep 8757 System Interface Blank RF Output 8757D SCALAR NETWORK ANALYZER DUT Detector GENERATOR 2 Turn on both the 8757D and the PSG 3 On the 8757D press SYSTEM gt MORE gt SWEEP MODE and verify that the SYSINTF softkey is set to ON This ensures that the system interface mode is activated on the 8757D The system interface mode enables the instruments to work as a system 4 Press Utility gt GPIB RS 232 LAN to view the PSG s GPIB address under the GPIB Address softkey If you want to change it press GPIB Address and change the value 5 On the 8757D press LOCAL gt SWEEPER and check the GPIB address If it does not match that of the PSG change the value 38 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 6 Preset either instrument Presetting one of the instruments should auto
79. age was received that is in violation of the IEEE 488 2 standard Possible violations include a data element that violates device listening formats or whose type is unacceptable to the device or e an unrecognized header was received These include incorrect device specific headers and incorrect or unimplemented IEEE 488 2 common commands 202 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies To return your signal generator to Agilent Technologies follow these steps 1 Be prepared to give your service representative as much information as possible regarding the signal generator s problem 2 Call the phone number listed in Table 10 1 appropriate to the signal generator s location After sharing information regarding the signal generator and its condition you will receive information regarding where to ship your instrument for repair 3 Ship the signal generator in the original factory packaging materials if they are available If not use similar packaging to properly protect the instrument Table 10 1 Contacting Agilent Online assistance www agilent com find assist United States tel 1 800 452 4844 Latin America Canada Europe tel 305 269 7500 tel 1 877 894 4414 tel 31 20 547 2323 fax 305 269 7599 fax 905 282 6495 fax 31 20 547 2390 New Zealand Japan Australia tel 0 800 738 378 tel 81 426 56 7832 tel
80. al mode or the on the falling edges of the symbol sync symbol mode The damage levels are gt 5 5 and lt 0 5V On signal generators with Option 1EM this input is relocated to the rear panel 35 DATA CLOCK INPUT This female BNC input connector E8267C only is CMOS compatible and accepts an externally supplied data clock input signal to synchronize serial data for use with the internal baseband generator Option 002 602 The expected input is a 3 3 V CMOS bit clock signal which is also TTL compatible where the rising edge is aligned with the beginning data bit The falling edge is used to clock the DATA and SYMBOL SYNC signals The maximum clock rate is 50 MHz The damage levels are gt 5 5 and lt 0 5V On signal generators with Option 1EM this input is relocated to the rear panel 36 SYMBOL SYNC INPUT This female BNC input connector E8267C only is CMOS compatible and accepts an externally supplied symbol sync signal for use with the internal baseband generator Option 002 602 The expected input is a 3 3 V CMOS bit clock signal which is also TTL compatible SYMBOL SYNC might occur once per symbol or be a single one bit wide pulse that is used to synchronize the first bit of the first symbol The maximum clock rate is 50 MHz The damage levels are gt 5 5 and lt 0 5V SYMBOL SYNC can be used in two modes e When used as a symbol sync in conjunction with a data clock the signal must be high during the first data b
81. anced signals are signals present in two separate conductors that are symmetrical relative to ground and are opposite in polarity 180 degrees out of phase The nominal output impedance of the I bar OUT connector is 509 de coupled 22 Q OUT This female BNC connector E8267C only can be used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 to output the analog quadrature phase component of I Q modulation on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector can be used to output the quadrature phase component of an external I Q modulation that has been fed into the Q input connector The nominal output impedance of the Q OUT connector is 50Q de coupled 23 Q bar OUT This female BNC connector E8267C only can be used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 to output the complement of the analog quadrature phase component of I Q modulation on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector can be used to output the complement of the quadrature phase component of an external I Q modulation that has been fed into the Q input connector Q bar OUT is used in conjunction with Q OUT to provide a balanced baseband stimulus Balanced signals are signals present in two separate conductors that are symmetrical relative to ground and are opposite in polarity 180 degrees out of phase The nominal output impedance of the Q bar OUT connector is 50Q de coupled 24 BASEBAND GEN REF IN This fema
82. and set the current output power 20 dBm as the reference value Press More 1 of 2 gt Ampl Ref Set The AMPLITUDE area displays 0 00 dB which is the power output by the hardware 20 dBm minus the reference value 20 dBm The REF indicator activates and the Ampl Ref Off On softkey toggles On 4 Turn the RF output on Press RF On Off The display annunciator changes to RF ON The power at the RF OUTPUT connector is 20 dBm 5 Change the amplitude increment value to 10 dB Press Incr Set gt 10 gt dB 6 Use the up arrow key to increase the output power by 10 dB The AMPLITUDE area displays 10 00 dB which is the power output by the hardware 20 dBm plus 10 dBm minus the reference power 20 dBm The power at the RF OUTPUT connector changes to 10 dBm 7 Enter a 10 dB offset Press Ampl Offset gt 10 gt dB The AMPLITUDE area displays 20 00 dB which is the power output by the hardware 10 dBm minus the reference power 20 dBm plus the offset 10 dB The OFFS indicator activates The power at the RF OUTPUT connector is still 10 dBm 30 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring a Swept RF Output A PSG signal generator has up to three sweep types step sweep list sweep and ramp sweep Option 007 NOTE List sweep data cannot be saved within an instrument state but can be saved to the memory catalog For instructions on saving list sweep data see Sto
83. apter 5 95 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Viewing Header Information with the Dual ARB Player Off One of the differences between a modulation format and the dual ARB player is that even when the dual ARB player is off you can view a file header You cannot however modify the displayed file header unless the dual ARB player is on and the displayed header is selected for playback With the dual ARB player off perform the following steps 1 Select a waveform a Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Select Waveform b Highlight the desired waveform file c Press the Select Waveform softkey 2 Access the file header Press ARB Setup gt Header Utilities The header information is now visible in the PSG display As shown in Figure 5 6 the header editing softkeys are grayed out meaning they are inactive Figure 5 6 FRI Viewing Header Information AMPLITUDE 50 000 000 000 000 se 135 00 am an EHULP 1 Q Bay File Header Information HFIl1 D0C_EH Header editing softkeys grayed out Header Field Saved Header Settings Current Inst Settings Description Sample Rate Alt Ampl Routing DOC_EH 5 0000 MHz 2 0000000 MHz None FF Blank Routing High Crest Mode Mod Attenuation I Q Mod Filter 96 I Q Output Filter Marker 1 off 2 52 dB 40 000 MHz 40 000 MHz View Different Header
84. area when the frequency offset or multiplier is used the frequency reference mode is turned on or a source module is enabled Chapter 1 13 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display 3 Annunciators The display annunciators show the status of some of the signal generator functions and indicate any error conditions An annunciator position may be used by more than one function This does not create a problem because only one function that shares an annunciator position can be active at a time PM This annunciator E8257C and E8267C only appears when phase modulation is on If frequency modulation is on the FM annunciator replaces M ALC OFF This annunciator appears when the ALC circuit is disabled A second annunciator UNLEVEL appears in the same position if the ALC is enabled and cannot maintain the output level AM This annunciator E8257C and E8267C only appears when amplitude modulation is on ARMED This annunciator appears when a sweep has been initiated and the signal generator is ATTEN HOLD EXT1 LO HI EXT2 LO HI waiting for the sweep trigger event This annunciator Option 1E1 or E8267C only appears when the attenuator hold function is on When this function is on the attenuator is held at its current setting DIG BUS This annunciator appears when the Digital Bus is active and the internal oven reference oscillator is not cold they appear in the same location ENVLP This an
85. arker signal is low When the marker signal goes high the ALC hold function is discontinued If the RF Blank Routing function is selected it automatically activates the ALC hold for the same marker Which marker if any triggers the PSG s alternate amplitude feature when the marker signal is low When the marker signal goes high the trigger is terminated disengaging alternate amplitude You must configure the alternate amplitude parameters accessed in the Amplitude hardkey menu RF Blank Routing Which marker if any implements the PSG s RF blanking function when the marker signal is low Selecting RF blanking also implements ALC hold When the marker signal goes high RF blanking is discontinued NOTE All waveforms generated in the PSG have a marker on the first sample point To see the desired results from the three routing selections you may need to select a range of sample marker points To set the marker points use the Set Marker on Range of Points softkey in the Marker Utilities menu Refer to To Place a Marker Across a Range of Points within a Waveform Segment on page 104 for more information 1 Q Mod Filter T Q Output Filter Mod Attenuation Chapter 5 The I Q modulator filter setting The modulator filter affects the I Q signal modulated onto the RF carrier The I Q output filter setting The I Q output filter is used for I Q signals routed to the rear panel I and Q outputs The I Q modulator attenuation
86. ase Polarity to Notmal or Inverted 6 20506 ss eur ee eee eee sere ees ese we es 160 Working with Differential Data Encoding 0 cee ec ee ens 160 Understanding Difterential Encoding ite ol eel Raed oh Re bei Reo eon 160 Using Ditterential PMCGte sos cvk weaweraa tin gerse gee EEEF EREE ERESI EEEREN ERS 165 8 Multitone Waveform Generator ccccccucceeuecceusaueausueeusaueunaunasaunagas LOO OIE si Gacrcen ene tead beet heGareg seek e ae eR Wee hedaman Beg EEA 170 Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 0 00 00 0 eee eee 171 To Create a Custom Mulittone Waveform 2a2 lt c0h seueekcdwereeened dees Saw irU NOA 171 To Views Mulitone Waves sie tech d Lend eos Re aes Sab RON Soe ees 172 To Edit the Multitone Semp Table srrcrprccrircrreresitiriteieit kodit peered eeednes 173 To Minimize Carrier Feedthrough 2 5 av65 oie 5 yee so RoR DRRESRERED SOAP easi ORDERS 175 To Determine Peak to Average Characteristics 5 22 45 0ces0sssa eases ends es poe eerene os 127 9 Two Tone Waveform Generator cccceccucceeuecceueaceesausueeunaveusaneeanarad LIQ VEVE ee eee eee er ee eee Er ee ees eee eee ee eee ere ee 180 Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms 0 0 0 cece eee eee ee 181 To Create amp Two Tone Wayel s 636 55 piati pieds Hie bh ie FESR EIR ERRORS ROR 181 viii Contents Te Views Ivo Die Wire sc ee cee esc ceeateetasesiakde ded ae aiidosiake wicked 182 To Minwnaize Carrier
87. ate a marker and place it on the peak of one of the two tones O go plo i o e Create a delta marker and place it on the peak of the adjacent intermodulation product which should be spaced 10 MHz from the marked tone 10 Measure the power difference between the tone and its distortion product You should now see a display that is similar to the one shown in Figure 9 4 on page 185 Your optimized two tone signal can now be used to measure the IMD products generated by a device under test Note that carrier feedthrough changes with time and temperature Therefore you will need to periodically readjust your I and Q offsets to keep your signal optimized 184 Chapter 9 Figure 9 4 Chapter 9 Two Tone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms 3 Agilent a Mkr1 5 02 MHz Ref 4 dBm Atten 14 dB 72 383 dB Peak Log 10 dB Main Marker Marker A 10 000000 MHz Minimized LgAv j 24 PETET H1 2 3 FC Delta Marker F FTun Sip Center 20 000 0A GHz Res BH 9 1 kHz VBH 9 1 kHz Span 6 MHz Sweep 895 6 ms 185 Two Tone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms To Change the Alignment of a Two Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to align a two tone waveform left or right relative to the center carrier frequency Because the frequency of one of the tones is the same as the carrier frequency this alignment e
88. ave different frequency and power settings for ramp sweep 4 Set the slave PSG s sweep time to match that of the master Sweep times must be the same for both PSGs 5 Set the slave PSG to continuous triggering The slave must be set to continuous triggering but the master can be set to any triggering mode 6 On the slave PSG press Sweep List gt Sweep Type gt Sweep Control gt Slave This sets the PSG to operate in slave mode 7 On the master PSG press Sweep List gt Sweep Type gt Sweep Control gt Master This sets the PSG to operate in master mode 46 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Extending the Frequency Range with a mm Wave Source M odule The RF output frequency of the signal generator can be multiplied using an Agilent 83550 Series millimeter wave source module The signal generator mm wave source module s output is automatically leveled when the instruments are connected The output frequency range depends on the specific mm wave source module NOTE To ensure adequate RF amplitude at the mm wave source module RF input when using an E8267C PSG E8247C PSG with Option LEA or E8257C PSG with Option LEA maximum amplitude loss through the adapters and cables connected between the signal generator s RF output and the mm wave source module s RF input should be less than 1 5 dB Required Equipment e Agilent 83550 Series millimeter wave source module e Agilent 8349B microwave amplifier
89. aveforms Agilent Ref 4 dBm Peak Log 10 dB Atten 14 dB Center 20 000 GHz Res BH 9 1 kHz Span 6 MHz Sweep 895 6 ms Carrier Feedthrough Distortion NCY VBH 9 1 kHz 183 Two Tone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms To Minimize Carrier Feedthrough This procedure describes how to minimize carrier feedthrough and measure the difference in power between the tones and their intermodulation distortion products Carrier feedthrough only occurs with center aligned two tone waveforms This procedure builds upon the previous procedure 1 On the spectrum analyzer set the resolution bandwidth for a sweep rate of about 100 200 ms This will allow you to dynamically view the carrier feedthrough spike as you make adjustments 2 On the signal generator press I Q gt I Q Adjustments gt I Q Adjustments Off On to On 3 Press I Offset and turn the rotary knob while observing the carrier feedthrough with the spectrum analyzer Changing the I offset in the proper direction will reduce the feedthrough level Adjust the level as low as possible Press Q Offset and turn the rotary knob to further reduce the carrier feedthrough level Repeat steps 3 and 4 until you have reached the lowest possible carrier feedthrough level On the spectrum analyzer return the resolution bandwidth to its previous setting Turn on waveform averaging Cre
90. cient 31 The graphic display can provide a useful troubleshooting tool in this case it indicates that a coefficient value is set incorrectly resulting in an improper Gaussian response 12 Press Return 13 Highlight coefficient 15 14 Press 1 gt Enter 15 Press Load Store gt Store To File 16 Name the file NEWFIR2 and press Enter The contents of the current FIR Values editor are stored to a file in the Memory Catalog and the Catalog of FIR Files is updated to show the new file 128 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters To Create a User Defined FIR Filter with the FIR Values Editor In this procedure you use the FIR Values editor to create and store an 8 symbol windowed sinc function filter with an oversample ratio of 4 The Oversample Ratio OSR is the number of filter coefficients per symbol You can define from 1 to 32 FIR coefficients where the maximum combination of symbols and oversample ratio is 1024 coefficients The FIR Values editor allows a maximum filter length of 1024 coefficients but the PSG hardware is limited to 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation and 64 symbols for real time waveform generation The number of symbols equals the number of coefficients divided by the oversample ratio If you enter more than the maximum number of symbols the PSG cannot use the filter it decimates the filter throws away coefficients until the required condition is met an
91. ct either e one of the predefined modulation setups NADC PDC PHS GSM DECT EDGE APCO 25 w C4FM APCO 25 w CQPSK CDPD PWT or TETRA This selects a predefined setup where filtering symbol rate and modulation type are defined by the predefined modulation setup mode that you selected and returns you to the top level custom modulation menu it does not include bursting or channel coding or e Custom Digital M od State This selects a custom setup stored in the Catalog of DMOD Files see page 122 for information on creating a custom digital modulation setup Chapter 6 121 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with User Defined Setups Modes Custom Arb Only Working with User Defined Setups M odes Custom Arb Only Modifying a Single Carrier NADC Setup In this procedure you learn how to start with a single carrier NADC digital modulation and modify it to a custom waveform with customized modulation type symbol rate and filtering 1 Nn a FF YN 122 Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Setup Select gt NADC Press Digital Mod Define gt Modulation Type gt PSK gt QPSK and OQPSK gt QPSK Press Symbol Rate gt 56 gt ksps Press Filter gt Select gt Nyquist Press Return gt Return gt Digital M odulation Off On This generates a waveform with the custom single carrier NADC digital modulation state The display changes to Dig Mod Setup NADC Modified During
92. ct period of time at each sweep list point follow these steps 1 Press Sweep List gt Configure List Sweep This displays the sweep list values 2 Check the sweep list dwell values for accuracy 3 Edit the dwell values if they are incorrect NOTE The effective dwell time at the RF OUTPUT connector is the sum of the value set for the dwell plus processing time switching time and settling time This additional time added to the dwell is generally a few milliseconds The TTL CMOS output available at the TRIG OUT connector however is asserted high only during the actual dwell time If the list dwell values are correct continue to the next step 4 Observe if the Dwell Type List Step softkey is set to Step When Step is selected the signal generator will sweep the list points using the dwell time set for step sweep rather than the sweep list dwell values To view the step sweep dwell time follow these steps a Press Configure Step Sweep b Observe the value set for the Step Dwell softkey List Sweep Information is Missing from a Recalled Register List sweep information is not stored as part of the instrument state in an instrument state register Only the current list sweep is available to the signal generator List sweep data can be stored in the instrument catalog For instructions see Storing Files to the Memory Catalog on page 53 Chapter 10 195 Troubleshooting Data Storage Problems Data Storage Problems
93. d 1 of N basis Error messages appear in the lower left corner of the display as they occur Error Description Error Number Error Message May be truncated on the display 222 Data out of range value clipped to lower limit Indicates that the user has entered a deviation depth or internal source frequency that is beyond the specified limits Explanation provided in the Error Message List This is not displayed on the instrument Chapter 10 201 Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Message Types Events do not generate more than one type of error For example an event that generates a query error will not generate a device specific execution or command error Query Errors 499 to 400 indicate that the instrument s output queue control has detected a problem with the message exchange protocol described in IEEE 488 2 Chapter 6 Errors in this class set the query error bit bit 2 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 These errors correspond to message exchange protocol errors described in IEEE 488 2 6 5 In this case e Either an attempt is being made to read data from the output queue when no output is either present or pending or e data in the output queue has been lost Device Specific Errors 399 to 300 201 to 703 and 800 to 810 indicate that a device operation did not properly complete possibly due to an abnormal hardware or firmware condition These codes are also used
94. d This indicates that you have enabled pulse modulation and the signal is now being transmitted from the RF OUTPUT connector 82 Chapter 4 Analog M odulation Configuring the LF Output Configuring the LF Output The signal generator has a low frequency LF output described on page 9 The LF output s source can be switched between Internal 1 Monitor Internal 2 Monitor Function Generator 1 or Function Generator 2 Using Internal 1 Monitor or Internal 2 Monitor as the LF output source the LF output provides a replica of the signal from the internal source that is being used to modulate the RF output The specific modulation parameters for this signal are configured through the AM FM or FM menus Using Function Generator 1 or Function Generator 2 as the LF output source the function generator section of the internal modulation source drives the LF output directly Frequency and waveform are configured from the LF output menu not through the AM FM or FM menus You can select the waveform shape from the following choices Sine sine wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency Dual Sine dual sine waves with individually adjustable frequencies and a percent of peak amplitude setting for the second tone available from function generator 1 only Swept Sine a swept sine wave with adjustable start and stop frequencies sweep rate and sweep trigger settings available from function generator only Triangle triangle wave with adjus
95. d and press Enter The waveform segment is renamed and remains in volatile memory as a WFM1 file 100 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Generating the Second Waveform Use the following steps to generate a new multitone waveform with nine tones During waveform generation the M TONE and I Q annunciators activate The waveform is stored in volatile memory with the default file name AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM 1 Press Mode gt Multitone gt Initialize Table gt Number Of Tones gt 9 gt Enter gt Done 2 Generate the waveform press Multitone Off On to On 3 Because a waveform cannot be renamed as a segment while it is in use turn off Multitone mode now that the waveform has been generated press Multitone Off On to Off Creating the Second Waveform Segment In the following steps the second waveform segment is renamed and remains in volatile memory as a WFM file Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments gt Load Store to Store Highlight the default segment AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM Press More 1 of 2 gt Rename Segment gt Editing Keys gt Clear Text Enter a file name for example MTONE using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad Press Enter O all ae a Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence This example shows how to build and edit a waveform sequence using two waveform segments If you have not created the waveform segments complete the step
96. d for Agilent Baseband Studio products which require an E8267C with Option 602 This connector is not operational for general purpose customer use Signals are present only when a Baseband Studio option is installed for details refer to www agilent com find basebandstudio The Dig Bus annunciator appears on the display when the Digital Bus is active and the internal oven reference oscillator is not cold they appear in the same location 17 WIDEBAND I INPUT This female BNC connector E8267C only is used with wideband external I Q inputs Option 015 It accepts wide band AM and allows direct high bandwidth analog inputs to the I Q modulator in the 3 2 20 GHz range This input is not calibrated and accepts a 0 dBm maximum power On signal generators without Option 015 this connector is non functional 18 WIDEBAND Q INPUT This female BNC connector E8267C only is used with wideband external I Q inputs Option 015 on signal generators without Option 015 this female BNC connector is non functional This female BNC connector allows direct high bandwidth analog inputs to the I Q modulator in the 3 2 to 20 GHz frequency range This input is not calibrated and accepts a 0 dBm maximum power 19 COH COHERENT CARRIER OUTPUT This female SMA connector E8267C only outputs an RF signal that is phase coherent with the signal generator carrier The coherent carrier connector outputs RF that is not modulated with AM pulse or I Q modulatio
97. d then uses the filter but fine resolution may be lost from the impulse response 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator gt Digital M od Define gt Filter or Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Filter 3 Press Define User FIR gt More 1 of 2 4 Press Delete All Rows gt Confirm Delete Of All Rows gt More 2 of 2 This brings up the FIR Values editor and clears the table of existing values FREQUENCY al TUDE 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 om or a Insert Row Delete Row FIR Values Oversample Ratio L Coeff 0 Goto Rowe Mirror Table Oversample Rat 1p More 1 of 2 5 Press Edit Item The Value field for coefficient 0 should be highlighted Chapter 6 129 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters 6 Use the numeric keypad to type the first value 0 000076 from the following table and press Enter As you press the numeric keys the numbers are displayed in the active entry area If you make a mistake you can correct it using the backspace key Continue entering the coefficient values from the table until all 16 values have been entered Coefficient Value Coefficient Value Coefficient Value 0 0 000076 6 0 043940 12 0 123414 1 0 001747 7 0 025852 13 0 442748 2 0 005144 8 0 035667 14 0 767329 3 0 004424 9 0 116753 15 0 972149 4 0 007745 10 0 157348 5 0 029610 11 0 088484
98. d time the file was modified Press List The Catalog of List Files is displayed Press Catalog Type gt State The Catalog of State Files is displayed Press Catalog Type gt All The Catalog of All Files is displayed For a complete list of file types refer to Table 2 1 on page 52 Chapter 2 53 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Functions Using the Instrument State Register The instrument state register is a section of memory divided into 10 sequences numbered 0 through 9 each containing 100 registers numbered 00 through 99 It is used to store and recall instrument settings It provides a quick way to reconfigure the signal generator when switching between different signal configurations Once an instrument state has been saved you can recall the instrument settings for that state with minimum effort NOTE List sweep data is not saved within an instrument state For instructions on saving list sweep data see Storing Files to the Memory Catalog on page 53 Saving an Instrument State 1 Preset the signal generator then enables amplitude modulation the AM annunciator will turn on a Press Frequency gt 800 gt MHz b Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm c Press AM gt AM Off On 2 Press Save gt Select Seq The sequence number becomes the active function The signal generator displays the last sequence used Using the arrow keys set the sequence to 1 3 Press Select Reg The regi
99. de gt None Press More 3 of 3 A YN 146 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns Working with Data Patterns This section provides information on the following e Using a Predefined Data Pattern on page 148 e Using a User Defined Data Pattern on page 149 e Using an Externally Supplied Data Pattern on page 152 The Data menu enables you to select from predefined and user defined data patterns Data Patterns are used for transmitting continuous streams of unframed data When the Custom Off On softkey is on the real time custom I Q symbol builder creates I Q symbols based on the data pattern and modulation type that has been selected Refer to Working with Modulation Types on page 136 for information on selecting a modulation type The following data patterns are available e PN sequence allows you to access a menu PNY PN11 PN15 PN20 PN23 for internal data generation of pseudorandom sequences pseudorandom noise sequences a pseudorandom noise sequence is a periodic binary sequence approximating in some sense a Bernoulli coin tossing process with equiprobable outcomes e FIX4 0000 allows you to define a 4 bit repeating sequence data pattern and make it the active function The selected 4 bit pattern will be repeated as necessary to provide a continuous stream of data e Other Patterns allows you to access a menu of choices 4 1 s amp 4 0 s 8 1 s amp 8
100. defined data file complete the steps in the previous section Creating a Data Pattern User File with the Bit File Editor on page 149 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Data gt User File Highlight the file to be selected for example USER1 1 Press Preset 2 3 4 Press Edit File The Bit File 150 Editor should open the selected file for example USER1 Chapter 7 Modifying an Existing Data Pattern User File Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns In this example you learn how to modify an existing data pattern user file by navigating to a particular bit position and changing its value Next you will learn how to invert the bit values of an existing data pattern user file If you have not already created stored and recalled a data pattern user file complete the steps in the previous sections Creating a Data Pattern User File with the Bit File Editor on page 149 and Selecting a Data Pattern User File from the Catalog of Bit Files on page 150 Navigating the Bit Values of an Existing Data Pattern User File 1 Press Goto gt 4 gt C gt Enter This moves the cursor to bit position 4C of the table as shown in the following figure Cursor moves to new position Position indicator changes Bit File Editor Pos ize 96 UNTITLEDS Offset Binary Data Hex Data 0 0110 1101 1044 0110 1110 1101 1011 0110 6DBSEDBG 20 110
101. delay the period of time specified in bits that the start of the burst fall is delayed Fall delay can be either negative or positive Entering a delay other than zero shifts the full power point earlier or later than the end of the last useful symbol User defined burst shape up to 256 user entered values which define the shape of the curve in the specified rise or fall time The values can vary between 0 no power and full power and are scaled linearly Once specified the values are resampled as necessary to create the cubic spline that passes through all of the sample points The default burst shape of each format is implemented according to the standards of the format selected You can however modify the following aspects of the burst shape User Defined Values User Defined Values Chapter 7 153 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Burst shape maximum rise and fall time values are affected by the following factors e the symbol rate e the modulation type When the rise and fall delays equal 0 the burst shape attempts to synchronize the maximum burst shape power to the beginning of the first valid symbol and the ending of the last valid symbol If you find that the error vector magnitude EVM or adjacent channel power ACP increases when you turn bursting on you can adjust the burst shape to assist with troubleshooting Configuring the Burst Rise and Fall Parameters 1 Press Preset
102. distinct values Press More 2 of 2 gt Display I Q Map An I Q State Map is displayed from the current values in the 1 Q Values table The I Q State Map in this example has four symbols The I Q State Map uses the following four unique values 0 5 1 0 0 5 and 1 0 to create the four symbols It is not the number of values that defines how many symbols a map has but how those values are combined Press Return When the contents of an I Q Values table have not been stored 1 Q Values UNSTORED appears on the display Chapter 6 139 Cus tom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types Press More 1 of 2 gt Load Store gt Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of IQ Files occupying the active entry area press the following keys Editing Keys gt Clear Text Enter a file name for example NEW4QAM using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad Press Enter The user defined I Q State Map should now be stored in the Catalog of IQ Files and can be recalled even after the E8267C PSG signal generator has been turned off Modifying a Predefined I Q Modulation Type 1 Q Symbols amp Simulating Magnitude Errors amp Phase Errors Use the following procedure to manipulate symbol locations which simulate magnitude and phase errors In this 1 2 140 example you edit a 4QAM constellation to move one symbol closer to the origin Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom g
103. e a power meter is required to measure the output of the signal generator and assist in achieving the required output power at the point of detection Use the following steps to set the signal generator to the ALC off mode Preset the signal generator press Preset Set the desired frequency press Frequency and enter the desired frequency Set the desired amplitude press Amplitude and enter the desired amplitude Turn the RF off set RF On Off to Off Turn the signal generator s automatic leveling control ALC off press Amplitude gt ALC Off On to Off Monitor the RF output amplitude as measured by the power meter Press Amplitude and adjust the signal generator s RF output amplitude until the desired power is measured by the power meter MAW PWN PE Setting Power Search Mode Power search mode executes a power search routine that temporarily activates the ALC calibrates the power of the current RF output and then disconnects the ALC circuitry Use the following steps to set the signal generator to manual fixed power search mode Preset the signal generator press Preset Set the desired frequency press Frequency and enter the desired frequency Set the desired amplitude press Amplitude and enter the desired amplitude Turn the signal generator s automatic leveling control ALC off press Amplitude gt ALC Off On to Off Turn the RF on set RF On Off to On Press Do Power Search This executes the manual fixed pow
104. e occurs in the summed waveform This does not happen frequently because the high and low states of the bits on these channel waveforms are random which causes a cancelling effect Figure 5 11 Multiple Channel Summing Multiple Channels to be Summed Into One Ior Q Waveform i Summed Ior Q Waveform The I and Q waveforms combine in the I Q modulator to create an RF waveform The magnitude of the RF envelope is determined by the equation Pg where the squaring of I and Q always results in a positive value Chapter 5 113 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping As shown in Figure 5 12 simultaneous positive and negative peaks in the I and Q waveforms do not cancel each other but combine to create an even greater peak Figure 5 12 Combining the and Q Waveforms I and Q Waveforms to be Combined Q Q 4 V I l l 5 66 V1 4V l 5 66 V Resultant Baseband or oa Weaver Determined Vector Representation al yes O2 by y 1 Q of High Peak 114 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping How Peaks Cause Spectral Regrowth Because of the relative infrequency of high power peaks a waveform will have a high peak to average power ratio see Figure 5 13 Because a transmitter s power amplifier gain is set to provide a specific average power high peaks can cause the power amplifier to move toward saturation This causes intermodulation distortion which generates spectral regrowth
105. e Custom Arb Waveform Generator or Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode they do not work with downloaded files such as those created in Matlab The Filter menu selections enable you to apply a filter to the generated signal define a finite impulse response FIR filter change a Root Nyquist or Nyquist filter alpha change a Gaussian filter BbT or restore all filter parameters to their default state In Custom Real Time I Q mode you can also optimize a FIR filter for Error Vector Magnitude EVM or Adjacent Channel Power ACP Predefined Filters Filter gt Select e Root Nyquist is a root raised cosine pre modulation FIR filter Use a Root Nyquist filter when you want to place half of the filtering in the transmitter and the other half in the receiver The ideal root raised cosine filter frequency response has unity gain at low frequencies the square root of raised cosine function in the middle and total attenuation at high frequencies The width of the middle frequencies is defined by the roll off factor or Filter Alpha 0 lt Filter Alpha lt 1 e Nyquist is a raised cosine pre modulation FIR filter You can use a Nyquist filter to reduce the bandwidth required by a signal without losing information The ideal raised cosine filter frequency response comprises unity gain at low frequencies a raised cosine function in the middle and total attenuation at high frequencies The width of the middle frequencies is defined by the roll off factor
106. e Map IZQ States 4 I Value 1 1st Symbol Data 00000000 Distinct values 1 1 4th Symbol Data 00000011 Distinct values 1 1 161 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding Differential Data Encoding In real time I Q baseband digital modulation waveforms data 1 s and 0 s are encoded modulated onto a carrier frequency and subsequently transmitted to a receiver In contrast to differential encoding differential data encoding modifies the data stream prior to I Q mapping Where differential encoding encodes the raw data by using symbol table offset values to manipulate I Q mapping at the point of modulation differential data encoding uses the transition from one bit value to another to encode the raw data Differential data encoding modifies the raw digitized data by creating a secondary encoded data stream that is defined by changes in the digital state from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1 of the raw data stream This differentially encoded data stream is then modulated and transmitted In differential data encoding a change in a raw data bit s digital state from 1 to 0 or from 0 to 1 produces a 1 in the encoded data stream No change in digital state from one bit to the next in other words a bit with a value of 1 followed by another bit with a value of 1 or a bit with a value of 0 followed by the same produces a 0 in the encoded data For instance differentially encoding the data s
107. e steps in the previous sections Generating the First Waveform on page 100 and Creating the First Waveform Segment on page 100 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments Press Load Store Highlight a waveform segment for example TTONE Press Waveform Utilities gt Set Markers gt Set Marker On First Point T This sets Marker 1 selected by default on the first point in the selected waveform segment To Place a Marker Across a Range of Points within a Waveform Segment If you have not created a waveform segment complete the steps in the previous sections Generating the First Waveform on page 100 and Creating the First Waveform Segment on page 100 1 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments 2 Press Load Store 3 Highlight a waveform segment for example TTONE 4 Press Waveform Utilities gt Set Markers gt Set Marker On Range Of Points 5 Press First Mkr Point gt 10 gt Enter 6 Press Last Mkr Point gt 163830 gt Enter 7 Press Apply To Waveform NOTE The last marker point must be greater than or equal to the first marker point This activates Marker 1 selected by default from point 10 to point 163830 in the selected waveform segment 104 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers To Place Repetitively Spaced M arkers within a Waveform Segment If you have not created a waveform segment complete the steps in the previous sectio
108. eatures 4 VIDEO OUT connector 10 W waveforms analog modulation 78 ARB header files 88 98 clipping 112 118 custom 119 144 Custom Real Time I Q baseband 145 167 dual arb 87 118 file catalogs 52 file renaming 103 markers 104 multitone 169 178 player dual ARB 99 segments 100 103 sequence blanking markers 110 building and storing 101 103 renaming 102 toggling markers 106 107 triggers 111 two tone 179 186 WFM files 52 WIDEBAND I INPUT connector 22 WIDEBAND Q INPUT connector 22 Z Z AXIS BLANK MKRS connector 19 210 Index
109. ecific hardware options before the software option can be enabled the appropriate hardware option must be installed For example Option 420 radar simulation modulation format requires that Option 002 602 internal baseband generator be installed If the software option that you intend to install is listed in a grey font the required hardware may not be installed look for an X in the Selected column of the appropriate hardware option in the Hardware Options menu Chapter 2 57 Basic Operation Enabling Options 4 Enable the software option a Highlight the desired option b Press Modify License Key and enter the 12 character license key from the license key certificate c Verify that you want to reconfigure the signal generator with the new option Proceed With Reconfiguration gt Confirm Change The instrument enables the option and reboots 58 Chapter 2 3 Optimizing Performance In the following sections this chapter describes procedures that improve the performance of the Agilent PSG signal generator e Selecting ALC Bandwidth below e Using External Leveling on page 60 e Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction on page 64 e Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth Option UNR on page 76 Selecting ALC Bandwidth For internal leveling the signal generator uses automatic leveling control ALC circuitry prior to the RF output ALC bandwidth has five selections automatic 100 Hz
110. ected 3 3V CMOS low when negative polarity is selected is output on the EVENT 1 connector whenever a Marker 1 is turned on in the waveform The damage levels for this connector are gt 8V and lt 4V 12 EVENT 2 This female BNC connector E8267C only is used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector is non functional In real time mode the EVENT 2 connector outputs a data enable signal for gating external equipment This is applicable when external data is clocked into internally generated timeslots Data is enabled when the signal is low In arbitrary waveform mode the EVENT 2 connector outputs a timing signal generated by Marker 2 A marker 3 3V CMOS high when positive polarity is selected 3 3V CMOS low when negative polarity is selected is output on the EVENT 2 connector whenever a Marker 2 is turned on in the waveform The damage levels for this connector are gt 8V and lt 4V 13 PATTERN TRIG IN This female BNC connector E8267C only is used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector is non functional This connector accepts a signal that triggers an internal pattern or frame generator to start single pattern output Minimum pulse width is 100 ns Damage levels are gt 5 5 and lt 0 5V 14 BURST GATE IN This female BNC connector E8267C only is us
111. ed with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector is non functional This connector accepts a signal for gating burst power Burst gating is used when you are externally supplying data and clock information The input signal must be synchronized with the external data input that will be output during the burst The burst power envelope and modulated data are internally delayed and re synchronized The input signal must be CMOS high for normal burst RF power or CW RF output power and CMOS low for RF off Damage levels are gt 5 5 and lt 0 5V 20 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 15 AUXILIARY I O This female 37 pin connector E8267C only is active only on instruments with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 on signal generators without Option 002 602 this connector is non functional This connector provides access to the inputs and outputs described in the following figure Figure 1 5 Auxiliary I O Connector Female 37 Pin View looking into rear panel connector Used with an internal baseband generator In arbitrary waveform mode this pin outpu a timing signal generated by Marker 3 A marker 3 3V CMOS high when positive polarity is selected 3 3V CMOS low when negative polarity is selected is output on GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND GND Chapter 1 wo o 0000000000000000 N
112. ency and amplitude values spaced at equal intervals throughout the sweep list sweep frequencies and amplitudes can be entered at unequal intervals nonlinear ascending descending or random order For convenience the List Mode Values table can be copied from a previously configured step sweep Each step sweep point s associated frequency amplitude and dwell time values are entered into a row in the List Mode Values table as the following example illustrates To Configure a Single List Sweep Using Step Sweep Data In this procedure you will leverage the step sweep points and change the sweep information by editing several points in the List Mode Values table For information on using tables see Using Table Editors on page 26 1 Press Sweep Repeat Single Cont This toggles the sweep repeat from continuous to single The SWEEP annunciator is turned off The sweep will not occur until it is triggered 2 Press Sweep Type List Step This toggles the sweep type from step to list 3 Press Configure List Sweep This opens another menu displaying softkeys that you will use to create the sweep points The display shows the current list data When no list has been previously created the default list contains one point set to the signal generator s maximum frequency minimum amplitude and a dwell time of 2 ms 4 Press More 1 of 2 gt Load List From Step Sweep gt Confirm Load From Step Data The points you defined
113. enerator status information such as the modulation status sweep lists and file catalogs e displays the tables e enables you to perform functions such as managing information entering information and displaying or deleting files 8 Softkey Label Area The labels in this area define the function of the softkeys located immediately to the right of the label The softkey label may change depending upon the function selected 16 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel Rear Panel The signal generator rear panel Figure 1 3 provides input output and remote interface connections Descriptions are provided for each rear panel connector When Option 1EM is added all front panel connectors are moved to the real panel for a description of these connectors see Front Panel on page 6 Figure 1 3 Rear Panel Diagram 16 Digital Bus 17 WIDEBAND I INPUT 15 AUXILIARY O 18 WIDEBAND Q INPUT 20 I OUT l 21 l bar OUT 6 19 COH 22 Q OUT 7 0000 23 Q bar OUT F n 24 BASEBAND GEN OC 25 SMI oco oel 26 10 MHz OUT a 27 10 MHz IN NCL O O O 28 10 MHz EFC a a a Option UNR eea ome 00000 8267 _1ear_panel 1 AC Power Receptacle 2 GPIB 3 AUXILIARY INTERFACE 4 LAN 14 BURST GATE IN L_13 PATTERN TRIG
114. entry for point 10 that contains only a frequency value the power and dwell time items do not shift down The frequency for point 8 is still active Press 590 gt MHz Press Insert Item gt 2 5 gt dBm This inserts a new power value at point 8 and shifts down the original power values for points 8 and 9 by one row Highlight the dwell time for point 9 then press Insert Item A duplicate of the highlighted dwell time is inserted for point 9 shifting the existing value down to complete the entry for point 10 Chapter 2 35 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output To Configure a Single List Sweep 1 Press Return gt Sweep gt Freq amp Ampl This turns the sweep on again No errors should occur if all parameters for every point have been defined in the previous editing process 2 Press Single Sweep The signal generator will single sweep the points in your list The SWEEP annunciator activates during the sweep 3 Press More 1 of 2 gt Sweep Trigger gt Trigger Key This sets the sweep trigger to occur when you press the Trigger hardkey 4 Press More 2 of 2 gt Single Sweep This arms the sweep The ARMED annunciator is activated 5 Press the Trigger hardkey The signal generator will single sweep the points in your list and the SWEEP annunciator will be activated during the sweep To Configure a Continuous List Sweep Press Sweep Repeat Single Cont Th
115. er search routine which is the default mode AW PWNE 192 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting No Modulation at the RF Output There are three power search modes manual automatic and span When Power Search is set to Manual pressing Do Power Search executes the power search calibration routine for the current RF frequency and amplitude In this mode if there is a change in RF frequency or amplitude you will need to press Do Power Search again When Power Search is set to Auto the calibration routine is executed whenever the frequency or amplitude of the RF output is changed When Power Search is set to Span pressing Do Power Search executes the power search calibration routine over a selected range of frequencies at one time The power search corrections are then stored and used whenever the signal generator is tuned within the selected range of frequencies No Modulation at the RF Output Check the MOD ON OFF annunciator on the display If it reads MOD OFF press Mod On Off to toggle the modulation on Although you can set up and enable various modulations the RF carrier is modulated only when you have also set Mod On Off to On For digital modulation make sure that I Q Off On is set to On Chapter 10 193 Troubleshooting Sweep Problems Sweep Problems Sweep Appears to be Stalled The current status of the sweep is indicated as a shaded rectangle in the progress bar You can observe the progress bar to determine i
116. ernally generated two tone and multitone waveforms In this example you generate two waveform segments then name and store them in ARB memory After the two waveform segments are named and stored in ARB memory they are used to build a waveform sequence in the procedure Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence on page 101 Generating the First Waveform 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Two Tone 3 Press Alignment Left Cent Right to Right 4 Press Two Tone Off On to On 5 Press Two Tone Off On to Off This generates a two tone waveform with the tone on the right placed at the carrier frequency During waveform generation the T TONE and I Q annunciators activate The waveform is stored in volatile memory with the default file name AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM as you will see in the next section The Two Tone mode was turned off after generation because a waveform cannot be renamed as a segment while it is in use NOTE Because there can be only one AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM waveform in memory at any given time you must rename this file to clear the way for a second waveform Creating the First Waveform Segment 1 Press Mode gt Dual ARB Press Waveform Segments Press Load Store to Store Highlight the default segment AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM Press More 1 of 2 gt Rename Segment gt Editing Keys gt Clear Text nn FY N Enter a file name for example TTONE using the alpha keys and the numeric keypa
117. esent RF ON at the RF OUTPUT or if the RF and microwave signal is not present RF OFF at the RF OUTPUT Either condition of this annunciator is always visible in the display This annunciator appears when the signal generator has generated a service request SRQ over the RS 232 GPIB or VXI 11 LAN interface This annunciator appears when the signal generator is in list step or ramp sweep mode ramp sweep is available with Option 007 only List mode is when the signal generator can jump from point to point in a list hop list the list is traversed in ascending or descending order The list can be a frequency list a power level list or both Step mode is when a Start stop and step value frequency or power level are defined and the signal generator produces signals that start at the start value and increment by the step value until it reaches the stop value Ramp sweep mode Option 007 only is when a start and stop value frequency or power level are defined and the signal generator produces signals that start at the start value and produce a continuous output until it reaches the stop value This annunciator appears when the signal generator is in talker mode and is transmitting information over the GPIB RS 232 or VXI 11 LAN interface This annunciator appears when the signal generator is unable to maintain the correct output level The UNLEVEL annunciator is not necessarily an indication of instrument failure Unleveled conditions
118. ess correction couplers splitters using 60 Custom Arb waveform generator 119 144 Custom Real Time I Q baseband 145 167 CW PSG features 2 D data 196 clock 12 159 fields editing 27 files 52 input 12 patterns 147 See also instrument state register See also memory catalog default FIR filter restoring 127 Delete Item softkey 27 Delete Row softkey 27 description adding amp editing instrument state 54 detector diode response 62 detector using 60 differential data encoding 160 167 DIG BUS annunciator 14 Digital Bus connector 22 digital modulation annunciators 16 custom 119 144 145 167 dual arb 87 118 multitone 169 178 two tone 179 186 diode detector response 62 display 11 13 DMOD files 52 dual ARB player 99 Dual Arbitrary waveform generator 87 118 dwell time 32 Edit Item softkey 27 ERR annunciator 14 200 error messages 16 200 EVENT connectors 20 EVM 126 154 EXT annunciators 14 INPUT connectors 8 9 external data clock setting 159 detector diode response 62 trigger setting 143 F fail safe recovery sequence 198 failures See troubleshooting fall delay burst shape 154 fall time burst shape 154 features signal generator 2 feedthrough carrier minimizing 184 files catalogs 52 using 53 56 waveform segment 103 waveform sequence 101 102 See also instrument state register See also memory catalog filters 125 132 FIR 52 125 firmware
119. eue refer to the Programming Guide NOTE When there is an unviewed message in the front panel error queue the ERR annunciator appears on the signal generator s display Characteristic Front Panel Display Error Queue Capacity errors 30 Circular rotating Overflow Handlin 8 Drops oldest error as new error comes in Viewing Entries Press Utility gt Error Info gt View Next or Previous Error M essage Clearing the Queue Press Utility gt Error Info gt Clear Error Queue s Unresolved Errors Re reported after queue is cleared When the queue is empty every error in the queue has been read or the queue is cleared the No Errors following message appears in the queue 0 No Error Message s in Queue a Errors that must be resolved For example unlock Error Message File A complete list of error messages is provided in the file errormesages pdf on the CDROM supplied with your instrument In the error message list an explanation is generally included with each error to further clarify its meaning The error messages are listed numerically In cases where there are multiple listings for the same error number the messages are in alphabetical order 200 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Message Format When accessing error messages through the front panel display error queue the error numbers messages and descriptions are displayed on an enumerate
120. ey causes the display background to darken 30 Display Contrast Increase Pressing this hardkey causes the display background to lighten 31 Local Pressing this hardkey deactivates remote operation and returns the signal generator to front panel control 32 Preset Pressing this hardkey sets the signal generator to a known state factory or user defined Chapter 1 11 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 33 I Q INPUTS These female BNC input connectors E8267C only accept an externally supplied analog I Q modulation the in phase component is supplied through the I INPUT the quadrature phase component is supplied through the Q INPUT The signal levelis 7 sg 0 5 Vims for a calibrated output level The nominal input impedance is 50Q or 6009 The damage level is 1 Vim and 10 V eak To activate signals applied to these connectors press Mux gt I Q Source 1 or I Q Source 2 and then select either Ext 50 Ohm or Ext 600 Ohm On signal generators with Option 1EM these inputs are relocated to the rear panel 34 DATA INPUT This female BNC input connector E8267C with Option 002 602 only is CMOS compatible and accepts an externally supplied serial data input for digital modulation applications The expected input is a 3 3 V CMOS signal which is also TTL compatible where a CMOS high a data 1 and a CMOS low a data 0 The maximum input data rate is 50 Mb s The data must be valid on the falling edges of the data clock norm
121. f the sweep is progressing If the sweep appears to have stalled check the following Ll Have you turned on the sweep by pressing any of the following key sequences Sweep List gt Sweep gt Freq Sweep List gt Sweep gt Ampl Sweep List gt Sweep gt Freq amp Ampl LJ Is the sweep in continuous mode If the sweep is in single mode be sure that you have pressed the Single Sweep softkey at least once since completion of the prior sweep Try setting the mode to continuous to determine if the missing single sweep is blocking the sweep L Is the signal generator receiving the appropriate sweep trigger Try setting the Sweep Trigger softkey to Free Run to determine if a missing sweep trigger is blocking the sweep L Is the signal generator receiving the appropriate point trigger Try setting the Point Trigger softey to Free Run to determine if a missing point trigger is blocking the sweep 1 Is the dwell time appropriate Try setting the dwell time to one second to determine if the dwell time was set to a value which was too slow or too fast for you to see L Do you have at least two points in your step sweep or list sweep Cannot Turn Off Sweep M ode Press Sweep List gt Sweep gt Off In the sweep mode menu you can choose to set the sweep to various sweep types or to turn sweep off 194 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Sweep Problems Incorrect List Sweep Dwell Time If the signal generator does not dwell for the corre
122. ferred attenuation choice resulting in an ALC level of 15 dBm This provides adequate dynamic range for AM or other functions that vary the RF output amplitude To achieve the optimum ALC level at the signal generator RF output of 40 dBm for an unmodulated carrier follow these steps 1 Press Amplitude gt Set Atten gt 45 gt dB 2 Press Set ALC Level gt 5 gt dBm This sets the attenuator to 45 dB and the ALC level to 5 dBm resulting in an RF output amplitude of 40 dBm as shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display To obtain flatness corrected power refer to Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction on page 64 To Level with a mm Wave Source M odule Millimeter wave source module leveling is similar to external detector leveling The power level feedback signal to the ALC circuitry is taken from the millimeter wave source module rather than the internal signal generator detector This feedback signal levels the RF output power at the mm wave source module output through the signal generator s rear panel SOURCE MODULE interface connector For instructions and setups see Extending the Frequency Range with a mm Wave Source Module on page 47 Chapter 3 63 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction User flatness correction allows the digital adjustment of RF output amplitude for up to 1601 frequency points in
123. for self test response errors Errors in this class set the device specific error bit bit 3 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 The lt error_message gt string for a positive error is not defined by SCPI A positive error indicates that the instrument detected an error within the GPIB system within the instrument s firmware or hardware during the transfer of block data or during calibration Execution Errors 299 to 200 indicate that an error has been detected by the instrument s execution control block Errors in this class set the execution error bit bit 4 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 In this case e Either a lt PROGRAM DATA gt element following a header was evaluated by the device as outside of its legal input range or is otherwise inconsistent with the device s capabilities or e a valid program message could not be properly executed due to some device condition Execution errors are reported after rounding and expression evaluation operations are completed Rounding a numeric data element for example is not reported as an execution error Command Errors 199 to 100 indicate that the instrument s parser detected an IEEE 488 2 syntax error Errors in this class set the command error bit bit 5 in the event status register IEEE 488 2 section 11 5 1 In this case e Either an IEEE 488 2 syntax error has been detected by the parser a control to device mess
124. from the power meter calculates the correction values and stores the correction pairs in the user flatness correction array If you do not have the required Agilent power meter or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface you can enter correction values manually Required Equipment e Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter e Agilent E4413A E Series CW power sensor e GPIB interface cable e adapters and cables as required NOTE If the setup has an external leveling configuration the equipment setup in Figure 3 4 assumes that the steps necessary to correctly level the RF output have been followed If you have questions about external leveling refer to Using External Leveling on page 60 64 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Configure the Power Meter 1 Select SCPI as the remote language for the power meter 2 Zero and calibrate the power sensor to the power meter 3 Enter the appropriate power sensor calibration factors into the power meter as appropriate 4 Enable the power meter s cal factor array NOTE For operating information on a particular power meter sensor refer to its operating guide Connect the Equipment Connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3 4 NOTE During the process of creating the user flatness correction array the power meter is slaved to the signal generator via GPIB No other controllers are allowed on the GPIB interface Figure 3 4
125. gnal generator is now configured to output a 0 dBm phase modulated carrier at 3 GHz with a 0 25 p radian deviation and 10 kHz rate The shape of the waveform is a sine wave Notice that sine is the default for the FM Waveform softkey Press More 1 of 2 to see the softkey To Activate FM 1 Press FM Off On 2 Press RF On Off The FM and RF ON annunciators are now displayed This indicates that you have enabled phase modulation and the signal is now being transmitted from the RF OUTPUT connector Chapter 4 81 Analog Modulation Configuring Pulse Modulation Configuring Pulse M odulation In this example you will learn how to create a pulse modulated RF carrier To Set the RF Output Frequency 1 Press Preset 2 Press Frequency gt 2 gt GHz To Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm To Set the Pulse Period and Width 1 Press Pulse gt Pulse Period gt 100 gt usec 2 Press Pulse gt Pulse Width gt 24 gt usec The signal generator is now configured to output a 0 dBm pulse modulated carrier at 2 GHz with a 100 microsecond pulse period and 24 microsecond pulse width The pulse source is set to Internal Free Run Notice that Internal Free Run is the default for the Pulse Source softkey To Activate Pulse Modulation Follow these remaining steps to output the pulse modulated signal 1 Press Pulse Off On to On 2 Press RF On Off The Pulse and RF ON annunciators are now displaye
126. gt ooxatv Csr eopoaoox7u 118 100 10 1 0 14 0 01 0 001 0 0 14 0 01 0 0014 0 Reduction of Peak to Average Power CCDF with Clipping 100 No Clipping CCDF with Clipping 80 10 10 15 PEAK AUG dB Reduction of Peak to Average Power Ratio 15 PEAK AUG dB Chapter 5 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator This chapter describes the Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators This chapter includes the following major sections Overview on page 120 Working with Predefined Setups Modes on page 121 Working with Filters on page 125 Working with Symbol Rates on page 133 Working with Modulation Types on page 136 Configuring Hardware on page 143 See also Using Waveform Markers on page 104 Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers on page 88 119 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Overview Overview Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode can produce a single modulated carrier or multiple modulated carriers Each modulated carrier waveform must be calculated and generated before it can be output this signal generation occurs on the internal baseband generator Option 002 602 Once a waveform has been created it can be stored and recalled which enables repeatable playback of test signals To begin using the Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode select whether to create a single modula
127. hardkey accesses a menu of choices enabling you to save data in the instrument state register The instrument state register is a section of memory divided into 10 sequences numbered 0 through 9 each containing 100 registers numbered 00 through 99 It is used to store and recall e frequency and amplitude settings on an E8247C PSG CW signal generator e frequency amplitude and modulation settings on an E8257C PSG analog signal generator or E8267C PSG vector signal generator The Save hardkey provides a quick alternative to reconfiguring the signal generator through the front panel or SCPI commands when switching between different signal configurations Once an instrument state has been saved all of the frequency amplitude and modulation settings can be recalled with the Recall hardkey 7 Recall Restores an instrument state saved in a memory register Refer to the Save hardkey for further information Chapter 1 7 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 8 Trigger Initiates an immediate trigger event for a function such as a list step or ramp sweep Option 007 only Before this hardkey can be used to initiate a trigger event the trigger mode must be set to Trigger Key For example press the Sweep List hardkey then one of the following sequences of softkeys e More 1 of 2 gt Sweep Trigger gt Trigger Key e More 1 of 2 gt Point Trigger gt Trigger Key 9 MENUS These keys open softkey menus fo
128. he User Flatness Correction Manually If you are not using an Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface complete the steps in this section and then continue with the user flatness correction tutorial 1 ee Gor 1 Press More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt Configure Cal Array This opens the User Flatness table editor and places the cursor over the frequency value 1 GHz for row 1 The RF output changes to the frequency value of the table row containing the cursor and 1 000 000 000 00 is displayed in the AMPLITUDE area of the display Observe and record the measured value from the power meter Subtract the measured value from 0 dBm Move the table cursor over the correction value in row 1 Press Edit Item gt enter the difference value from step 3 gt dB The signal generator adjusts the RF output amplitude based on the correction value entered Repeat steps 2 through 5 until the power meter reads 0 dBm Use the down arrow key to place the cursor over the frequency value for the next row The RF output changes to the frequency value of the table row containing the cursor as shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display Repeat steps 2 through 7 for every entry in the User Flatness table Chapter 3 67 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Save the User Flatness Correction Data to the Memory Catalog This process allows you to save the use
129. he impulse response FIR filters stored in signal generator memory can easily be modified using the FIR Values editor In this example you will load the FIR Values editor with coefficient values from a default FIR filter or if one has been defined a user defined FIR file that has been stored in the Memory Catalog modify the coefficient values and store the new file to the Memory Catalog 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator gt Digital M od Define gt Filter or Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Filter Press Define User FIR gt More 1 of 2 gt Load Default FIR gt Gaussian Press Filter BbT gt 0 300 gt Enter Press Filter Symbols gt 8 gt Enter Dy OB Press Generate NOTE The actual oversample ratio during modulation is automatically selected by the instrument A value between 4 and 16 is chosen dependent on the symbol rate the number of bits per symbol of the modulation type and the number of symbols Chapter 6 127 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters 7 Press Display Impulse Response A graph displays the impulse response of the current FIR coefficients Impulse Response Oversample Ratio 4 1 2 U a 1 u e 0 2 0 Coefficient 31 8 Press Return 9 Highlight coefficient 15 10 Press 0 gt Enter 11 Press Display Impulse Response Impulse Response Oversample Ratio 4 1 5 U a 1 u e 0 5 0 Coeffi
130. he knob to adjust the increment value 25 GATE PULSE TRIGGER INPUT This female BNC input connector E8257C and E8267C only accepts an externally supplied pulse signal for use as a pulse or trigger input With pulse modulation 1V is on and OV is off trigger threshold of 0 5V with a hysteresis of 10 so 0 6V would be on and 0 4V would be off The damage levels are 5V ms and 10 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 10V The nominal input impedance is 50 On signal generators with Option 1EM this input is relocated to the rear panel 26 Arrows These up and down arrow hardkeys are used to increase or decrease a numeric value step through displayed lists or to select items in a row of a displayed list Individual digits or characters may be highlighted using the left and right arrow hardkeys Once an individual digit or character is highlighted its value can be changed using the up and down arrow hardkeys 27 Hold Pressing this hardkey blanks the softkey label area and text areas on the display Softkeys arrow hardkeys the knob the numeric keypad and the Incr Set hardkey have no effect once this hardkey is pressed 28 Return Pressing this hardkey will return the signal generator one level back from its current softkey menu level to the previous softkey menu level It enables you to step back through the menus until you reach the first menu you selected 29 Display Contrast Decrease Pressing this hardk
131. he position of one or more symbols Use the following procedure to create and store a 128 symbol QAM modulation NOTE Although this procedure provides a quick way to implement a 128QAM modulation format it does not take full advantage of the I Q modulator s dynamic range This is because you begin with a 256QAM constellation and delete unwanted points The remaining points that make up the 128QAM constellation are closer together than if you had mapped each point specifically Additionally this approach does not enable you to define the bit pattern associated with each symbol point as you could if the 128QAM constellation had been defined one point at a time 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt M odulation Type gt Define User I Q gt More 1 of 2 gt Load Default I Q Map gt QAM gt 256QAM This loads a default 256QAM I Q modulation into the I Q Values editor 3 Press More 2 of 2 gt Display I Q Map 1 Q State Map IZQ States 256 Ft 44 64H 4 4 H ttt te te teet tHt te tees ttt ee tees FHt te tet tt H ttt te tests t t te tests te tests tet te teteet tHtt tee et ees t te tees t te testes FHF tt tt tts t te testes FHF te et tts In the next steps you will delete specific portions of this I Q constellation and change it into a 123QAM with 128
132. her key will exit the help mode and activate the key s function When you press Help in continuous mode help text is provided for the next key you press and that key s function is also activated except for Preset You will stay in help mode until you press Help again or change to single mode Chapter 10 197 Troubleshooting Signal Generator Locks Up Signal Generator Locks Up If the signal generator is locked up check the following e Make sure that the signal generator is not in remote mode in remote mode the R annunciator appears on the display To exit remote mode and unlock the front panel keypad press Local e Make sure that the signal generator is not in local lockout condition Local lockout prevents front panel operation For more information on local lockout refer to the Programming Guide e Check for a progress bar on the signal generator display which indicates that an operation is in progress e Press Preset e Cycle power on the signal generator Fail Safe Recovery Sequence Use the fail safe recovery sequence only if the previous suggestions do not resolve the problem CAUTION This process does reset the signal generator but it also destroys the following types of data e all user files instrument state and data files e DCFM DC M calibration data e persistent states NOTE Do not attempt to perform any other front panel or remote operations during the fail safe sequence To run the fail safe se
133. hich you can set the BBG DATA CLOCK to receive input from External or Internal 2 Press BBG Data Clock Ext Int to select either external or internal e When set to Ext external the DATA CLOCK connector is used to supply the BBG Data Clock e When set to Int internal the internal data clock is used To Adjust the I Q Scaling Adjusting the I Q Scaling amplitude of the I Q outputs multiplies the I and Q data by the I Q scaling factor that is selected and can be used to improve the Adjacent Channel Power ACP Lower scaling values equate to better ACP This setting has no effect with MSK or FSK modulation 1 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt More 1 of 3 gt Configure Hardware Configure Hardware allows you to access a menu from which you can adjust the I Q Scaling 2 Press I Q Scaling enter a desired I Q scaling level and press Chapter 7 159 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Phase Polarity Working with Phase Polarity To Set Phase Polarity to Normal or Inverted 1 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt More 1 of 3 gt Phase Polarity Normal Invert Phase Polarity Normal Invert enables you to either leave the selection as Normal so that the phase relationship between the I and Q signals is not altered by the phase polarity function or set to Invert and invert the internal Q signal reversing the rotation direction of the phase modulation vector When you c
134. hoose Invert the in phase component lags the quadrature phase component by 90 in the resulting modulation Inverted phase polarity is required by some radio standards and it is useful for lower sideband mixing applications The inverted selection also applies to the I I bar Q and Q bar output signals Working with Differential Data Encoding The Diff Data Encode Off On menu enables you to toggle the operational state of the signal generator s differential data encoding e When set to Off data bits are not encoded prior to modulation e When set to On data bits are encoded prior to modulation Differential encoding uses an exclusive OR function to generate a modulated bit Modulated bits will have a value of 1 if a data bit is different from the previous bit or they will have a value of 0 if a data bit is the same as the previous bit This section provides information about the following e Understanding Differential Encoding e Using Differential Encoding on page 165 Understanding Differential Encoding Differential encoding is a digital encoding technique whereby a binary value is denoted by a signal change rather than a particular signal state Using differential encoding binary data in any user defined I Q or FSK modulation can be encoded during the modulation process via symbol table offsets defined in the Differential State Map For example consider the signal generator s default 4QAM I Q modulation With a u
135. ibes how to set up generate and modify a two tone waveform while viewing it with a spectrum analyzer Although you can view a generated two tone signal using any spectrum analyzer that has sufficient frequency range an Agilent Technologies PSA Series High Performance Spectrum Analyzer was used for this demonstration Before generating your signal connect the spectrum analyzer to the signal generator as shown in Figure 9 1 Figure 9 1 Spectrum Analyzer Setup 10 MHz OUT 10 MHz IN SPECTRUM E ANALYZER ES RF INPUT RF OUTPUT To Create a Two Tone Waveform This procedure describes how to create and a basic center aligned two tone waveform 1 Preset the signal generator Set the signal generator RF output frequency to 20 GHz Set the signal generator RF output amplitude to 0 dBm Press Mode gt Two Tone gt Freq Separation gt 10 gt MHz Press Two Tone Off On to On Di oS ee I Turn on the RF output The two tone signal is now available at the signal generator RF OUTPUT connector Figure 9 2 shows what the signal generator display should look like after all steps have been completed Notice that the T TONE I Q RF ON and MOD ON annunciators are displayed and the parameter settings for the signal are shown in the status area of the signal generator display Chapter 9 181 Two Tone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms Figure 9 2 FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Tuo
136. imization settings for files generated by the PSG that cannot be set by the user 88 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Creating a File Header for a Modulation Format Waveform When you turn on a modulation format the PSG generates a temporary waveform file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM with a default file header The default header has no signal generator settings saved to it This procedure which is the same for all ARB formats demonstrates how to create a file header for a Custom digital modulation format 1 Preset the signal generator 2 Turn on the Custom modulation format Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Digital M odulation Off On to On A default file header is created and the temporary waveform file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM plays Figure 5 1 shows the PSG s display Figure 5 1 Custom Digital M odulation First Level Softkey M enu FREQUENCY ai TUDE 50 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 um rogni ee ee DIGHOD ia p Multicarr ier Some ARB formats I7 On On have a second page Setup Select NADI gt Dig Mod Setup NADC DIGMOD PiS twee worse IQ Mod Filter 40 000MH2 On Filter ANY o 0 350 Data Random Digital Mod Symbol Rate 24 300ksps Define Trig Type Continuous Free Run Retrigger On Trig Source Ext Patt Trig In 1 Polarity Neo ARB Setup Delay Off Trigge Continuous At this point a default file header has been created
137. in the step sweep are automatically loaded into the list 34 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output To Edit List Sweep Points 1 Press Return gt Sweep gt Off Turning the sweep off allows you to edit the list sweep points without generating errors If sweep remains on during editing errors occur whenever one or two point parameters frequency power and dwell are undefined Press Configure List Sweep This returns you to the sweep list table Use the arrow keys to highlight the dwell time in row 1 Press Edit Item The dwell time for point 1 becomes the active function Press 100 gt msec This enters 100 ms as the new dwell time value for row 1 Note that the next item in the table in this case the frequency value for point 2 becomes highlighted after you press the terminator softkey Using the arrow keys highlight the frequency value in row 4 Press Edit Item gt 545 gt MHz This changes the frequency value in row 4 to 545 MHz Highlight any column in the point 7 row and press Insert Row This adds a new point between points 7 and 8 A copy of the point 7 row is placed between points 7 and 8 creating a new point 8 and renumbering the successive points Highlight the frequency item for point 8 then press Insert Item Pressing Insert Item shifts frequency values down one row beginning at point 8 Note that the original frequency values for both points 8 and 9 shift down one row creating an
138. ion area of the display 4 Use the knob arrow keys or the numeric keypad to modify the value 5 Press Enter The modified item is now displayed in the table Chapter 2 27 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Configuring the RF Output This section provides information on how to create continuous wave and swept RF on page 31 outputs It also has information on using a mm Wave source module to extend the signal generator s frequency range see page 47 Configuring a Continuous Wave RF Output These procedures demonstrate how to set the following parameters e RF output frequency e frequency reference and frequency offset on page 29 e RF output amplitude on page 30 e amplitude reference and amplitude offset page 30 Setting the RF Output Frequency Set the RF output frequency to 700 MHz and increment or decrement the output frequency in 1 MHz steps 1 Return the signal generator to the factory defined state Press Preset NOTE You can change the preset condition of the signal generator to a user defined state For these examples however use the factory defined preset state set the Preset Normal User softkey in the Utility menu to Normal 2 Observe the FREQUENCY area of the display in the upper left hand corner The value displayed is the maximum specified frequency of the signal generator 3 Press RF On Off The RF On Off hardkey must be pressed before the RF signal is available
139. ipping 1 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments Press Load Store to Store Highlight the second waveform segment for example MTONE wa Press Waveform Utilities gt Clipping wa FF YN Press Clipping Type 1 jQ 1 Q This activates the Clip I To and Clip Q To softkeys that allow you to configure rectangular independent I and Q data clipping 6 Press Clip I To gt 80 gt 7 Press Clip Q To gt 40 gt gt Apply to Waveform The I and Q data are individually clipped by 80 and 40 respectively You will see 80 0 displayed below the Clip I To softkey and 40 0 below the Clip Q To softkey 112 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping Waveform Clipping Concepts Waveforms with high power peaks can cause intermodulation distortion which generates spectral regrowth a condition that interferes with signals in adjacent frequency bands The clipping function allows you to reduce high power peaks The clipping feature is available only with the Dual Arb mode How Power Peaks Develop To understand how clipping reduces high power peaks it is important to know how the peaks develop as the signal is constructed I Q waveforms can be the summation of multiple channels see Figure 5 11 Whenever most or all of the individual channel waveforms simultaneously contain a bit in the same state high or low an unusually high power peak negative or positiv
140. is toggles the sweep from single to continuous A continuous repetition of the frequencies and amplitudes configured in the list sweep are now available at the RF OUTPUT connector The SWE EP annunciator appears on the display indicating that the signal generator is sweeping and progression of the sweep is shown by a progress bar 36 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Using Ramp Sweep Option 007 Ramp sweep provides a linear progression through the start to stop frequency and or amplitude values Ramp sweep is much faster than step or list sweep and is designed to work with an 8757D scalar network analyzer This section describes the ramp sweep capabilities available in PSG signal generators with Option 007 You will learn how to use basic ramp sweep and how to configure a ramp sweep for a master slave setup see page 45 Refer to the Programming Guide for an example program that uses pass thru commands in a ramp sweep system pass thru commands enable you to temporarily interrupt ramp sweep system interaction so that you can send operating instructions to the PSG Using Basic Ramp Sweep Functions This procedure demonstrates the following tasks each task builds on the previous task e Configuring a Frequency Sweep on page 38 e Using Markers on page 40 e Adjusting Sweep Time on page 42 e Using Alternate Sweep on page 43 e Configuring an Amplitude Sweep on p
141. ise the integrity of the signal Figure 5 17 on page 118 uses two complementary cumulative distribution plots to show the reduction in peak to average power that occurs after applying circular clipping to a waveform The lower you set the clipping value the lower the peak power that is passed or the more the signal is clipped Often the peaks can be clipped successfully without substantially interfering with the rest of the waveform Data that might be lost in the clipping process is salvaged because of the error correction inherent in the coded systems If you clip too much of the waveform however lost data is irrecoverable You may have to try several clipping settings to find a percentage that works well Figure 5 15 Circular Clipping Peak Power Without Clipping a Clipping Setto 100 Zr 7 4 53 V Clipped Baseband Waveform OP e aaa Vector Representation of Clipped Peak 116 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping Figure 5 16 Rectangular Clipping 3V b Clipped Waveform Vector Representation of Clipped amp Q Peak a I Clipping Set to 100 No Clipping 2V d b I Clipping Set to 75 of Greatest Peak c Q Clipping Set to 100 No Clipping ee d Q Clipping Set to 50 of Greatest Peak Clipped Q Waveform Chapter 5 117 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping Figure 5 17 Complementary Cumulative Distribution CSseFrHRnD
142. it of the symbol The signal must be valid during the falling edge of the data clock signal and may be a single pulse or continuous e When the SYMBOL SYNC itself is used as the symbol clock the CMOS falling edge is used to clock the DATA signal On signal generators with Option 1EM this input is relocated to the rear panel 12 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display Front Panel Display Figure 1 2 shows the front panel display The LCD screen displays data fields annotations key press results softkey labels error messages and annunciators that represent various active signal generator functions Figure 1 2 Front Panel Display Diagram 4 Digital Modulation 1 Active Entry Area 2 Frequency Area 3 Annunciators nunciators 5 Amplitude Area FREQUENCY a ta elt furcoorjer ret ovencoo MM MT gt arrennocofurceve relfoweerfe voller aula ruse evr rolem gt TUDE Error 222 Data out of range value clipped to lower limit LY SE 6 Error Message Area 7 Text Area 8 Softkey Label Area 1 Active Entry Area The current active function is shown in this area For example if frequency is the active function the current frequency setting will be displayed here If the current active function has an increment value associated with it that value is also displayed 2 Frequency Area The current frequency setting is shown in this portion of the display Indicators are also displayed in this
143. ith your signal generator provides an overview of available options For details refer to the Agilent Technologies website 1 Open www agilent com find psg 2 Select the desired model 3 Click View complete price list Firmware Upgrades The firmware in your signal generator may be upgraded when new firmware is released New firmware releases may contain signal generator features and functionality not available in previous firmware releases To inquire about the availability of new signal generator firmware contact Agilent at http www agilent com find upgradeassistant or call the appropriate number listed in Table 10 1 on page 203 4 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Modes of Operation M odes of Operation All PSG signal generator models can be used in CW mode e CW mode produces a single carrier signal If you have an E8247C PSG CW signal generator you can produce a CW single carrier signal without modulation If you have an E8257C PSG analog signal generator you can produce a CW single carrier signal without modulation or you can add AM FM M or Pulse modulation to produce a single carrier modulated signal some of these modulations can be used together If you have an E8267C PSG vector signal generator you can produce a CW single carrier signal without modulation or you can add AM FM M Pulse or I Q modulation to produce a single carrier modulated signal some of these modulations can be
144. itle displays User Flatness FLATCAL2 6 Press Return gt Flatness Off On This activates flatness correction using the data contained in the file FLATCAL2 Chapter 3 75 Optimizing Performance Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth Option UNR Adjusting Reference Oscillator Bandwidth Option UNR The reference oscillator bandwidth sometimes referred to as loop bandwidth in signal generators with Option UNR improved close in phase noise is adjustable in fixed steps for either an internal or external 10 MHz frequency reference The reference bandwidth can be set to 25 55 125 300 or 650 Hz models without option UNR have a fixed reference oscillator bandwidth of about 15 Hz The reference oscillator bandwidth is the frequency below which the PSG derives its reference directly from the internal or external frequency reference Above this frequency stability and phase noise are governed by the synthesizer hardware within the PSG To optimize the overall phase noise performance of the signal generator for your particular application make this adjustment depending on your confidence in the stability and phase noise of the external or internal reference versus the synthesizer hardware for various frequency offsets from the carrier To Select the Reference Oscillator Bandwidth When using the internal timebase reference 1 Press Utility gt Instrument Adjustments gt Reference Oscillator Adjustment gt Internal Ref Bandwidth
145. l by adding a symbol table offset of 1 The symbol rotates backward through the state map by 1 value when a data value of 1 is modulated NOTE At this point the modulation has one bit per symbol For the first two data values 00000000 and 00000001 only the last bits the 0 and the 1 respectively are significant 3 Press 2 gt Enter This encodes the third symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 2 The symbol rotates forward through the state map by 2 values when a data value of 10 is modulated 166 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding 4 Press 0 gt Enter This encodes the fourth symbol by adding a symbol table offset of 0 The symbol does not rotate through the state map when a data value of 11 is modulated NOTE At this point the modulation has two bits per symbol For the data values 00000000 00000001 00000010 00000011 the symbol values are 00 01 10 and 11 respectively 5 Press Return gt Differential Encoding Off On This applies the custom differential encoding to a user defined modulation NOTE Notice that UNSTORED appears next to Differential State Map on the signal generator s display Differential state maps are associated with the user defined modulation for which they were created To save a custom differential state map you must store the user defined modulation for which it was designed Otherwise the symbol table offset data is purged when you pres
146. lace a Marker Across a Range of Points within a Waveform Segment 104 To Place Repetitively Spaced Markers within a Waveform Segment 105 To Use Marker gt to Blank the RF Outpt ccicisnickoadbedonied oak ed EREEREER 105 To Toggle Markers in an Existing Waveform Sequence 0 e eee eee eee 106 To Toggle Markers As You Create a Waveform Sequence 000s eee ee ence eee 107 To Verily Marker Operation scoscese orere Gch pinudi ere Re EREEE RE HLA dee HERE E OH 107 Wavetonn Marker COEPI 26 ok2cc5uteeer sok euiwescieadiuiweieieaeniedees ear des 108 Uime Waverton MEREN i oietoad jena chee ahede ba Re kaa hid eE EE E 111 Te Use Scament Advance TIZgennE erregeei gecko eeeee ger eeeepeNe ESE EES EREN 111 Using Waveform CHpPpinNE 2605 25 05 56 4R8 Ra PERC aw LRRD EERGEY iida ir bed ito EASES ESSER 112 To Contipure Circilar Clppin 2c 4sias4ceskices bia wnee des ere oabsdepeeeree sed en 112 Te Conti pure Rectangular CUPPING 6 ici oe eke eke ie bee EEEE ETONE DEE RRE ERREEN 112 Waren ppt CONCOPIS 6456 4 cncek edd toneohece meas ee keer ee seres onbaken LIS 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator cccccce ecu ee ene ee eeeee ee eaneeeeuneanangaeaa thlQ ee ee ee ee ee 120 Working with Predefined Setups Modes wv s 4 ovo c00vn844455 005 sb ods SERS eRe EERE EEO 121 Selecting a Custom ARB Setup or a Custom Digital Modulation State 121 Working with User Defined Setups Modes Custom Arb O
147. le 1 1 PSG Signal Generator Models Model Type Frequency Range E8247C PSG CW signal generator CW 250 kHz to 20 GHz or 250 kHz to 40 GHz E8257C PSG analog signal generator Analog 250 kHz to 20 GHz or 250 kHz to 40 GHz E8267C PSG vector signal generator Vector 250 kHz to 20 GHz E8247C PSG CW Signal Generator Features An E8247C PSG CW signal generator includes the following features CW output from 250 kHz to 20 GHz or 40 GHz frequency resolution to 0 001 Hz list and step sweep of frequency and amplitude with multiple trigger sources user flatness correction external diode detector leveling automatic leveling control ALC on and off modes power calibration in ALC off mode is available even without power search 10 MHz reference oscillator with external output RS 232 GPIB and 10Base T LAN I O interfaces a millimeter head interface that is compatible with Agilent 83550 Series millimeter heads for frequency extension up to 110 GHz Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator M odels and Features E8257C PSG Analog Signal Generator Features An E8257C PSG analog signal generator provides all the functionality of an E8247C PSG CW signal generator and adds the following features e open loop or closed loop AM e dc synthesized FM to 10 MHz rates maximum deviation depends on the carrier frequency e phase modulation M e pulse modulation e external modulation inputs for AM FM M and pulse e
148. le BNC connector E8267C only is used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector is non functional This connector accepts a 0 to 20 dBm sine wave or TTL square wave signal from an external timebase reference This external timebase reference clock is used by the internal baseband generator for both component and receiver test applications only the internal baseband generator can be locked to this external reference the RF frequency remains locked to the 10 MHz reference This connector accepts rates from 250 kHz through 100 MHz the nominal input impedance is 50Q at 13 MHz ac coupled The internal clock for the arbitrary waveform generator is locked to this signal when external reference is selected in the ARB setup The minimum pulse width must be gt 10 ns The damage levels are gt 8V and lt 8V Chapter 1 23 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 25 SMI SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE This interface is used to connect to compatible Agilent Technologies 83550 Series mm wave source modules 26 10 MHz OUT This female BNC connector outputs a nominal signal level of gt 4 dBm and has an output impedance of 50Q The accuracy is determined by the timebase used 27 10 MHz IN This female BNC connector accepts an external timebase reference input signal level of gt 3 dBm The reference must be 1 2 2 5 5 or 10 MHz within 1 ppm The signal ge
149. liminates carrier feedthrough However image frequency interference caused by left or right alignment may cause minor distortion of the two tone signal This procedure builds upon the previous procedure 1 On the signal generator press Mode Setup gt Alignment Left Cent Right to Left 2 Press Apply Settings to regenerate the waveform NOTE Whenever a change is made to a setting while the two tone generator is operating Two Tone Off On set to On you must apply the change by pressing the Apply Settings softkey before the updated waveform will be generated When you apply a change the baseband generator creates a two tone waveform using the new settings and replaces the existing waveform in ARB memory 3 On the spectrum analyzer temporarily turn off waveform averaging to refresh your view more quickly You should now see a left aligned two tone waveform that is similar to the one shown in Figure 9 5 Figure 9 5 Agilent 12 01 27 Jun 7 2002 Ref dBm Atten 14 dB Peak Log 10 dB er Tone Aligned with Carrie Frequency Ler Distortion Center 20 000 0A GHz Span 80 MHz Res BH 9 1 kHz VBH 9 1 KHz Sweep 1 165 s Carrier Frequency 186 Chapter 9 10 Troubleshooting This chapter provides basic troubleshooting information for Agilent PSG signal generators If you do not find a solution here refer to the Service Guide NOTE If the signal generator displays an
150. ll time is the minimum period of time after the settling time that the signal generator will remain at its current state The frequency amplitude or frequency and amplitude of the RF output will sweep from the start amplitude frequency to the stop amplitude frequency dwelling at equally spaced intervals defined by the Points softkey value To Configure a Single Step Sweep In this procedure you create a step sweep with nine equally spaced points and the following parameters e frequency range from 500 MHz to 600 MHz e amplitude from 20 dBm to 0 dBm e dwell time 500 ms at each point 1 Press Preset 2 Press Sweep List This opens a menu of sweep softkeys 3 Press Sweep Repeat Single Cont This toggles the sweep repeat from continuous to single 4 Press Configure Step Sweep 5 Press Freq Start gt 500 gt MHz This changes the start frequency of the step sweep to 500 MHz 6 Press Freq Stop gt 600 gt MHz This changes the stop frequency of the step sweep to 600 MHz 7 Press Ampl Start gt 20 gt dBm This changes the amplitude level for the start of the step sweep 8 Press Ampl Stop gt 0 gt dBm This changes the amplitude level for the end of the step sweep 9 Press Points gt 9 gt Enter This sets the number of sweep points to nine 10 Press Step Dwell gt 500 gt msec This sets the dwell time at each point to 500 milliseconds 32 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Outpu
151. lse RF Blank None cating ALC Hold None I Q Mod Filter 40 000 MH2 Manual Ei 1 0 Output Filter 40 000 MH2 Dual ARB Player softkey Manual it does not appear in the ARB formats Modulator een Manual Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker L More 2 of 2 lt lt hm Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Figure 5 4 Differing Values between Header and Current Setting Columns FREQUENCY 20 000 000 000 000 se DIGNOD AMPLITUDE 135 00 n Header Field File Header Information UFN1 AUTOGEN_HAVEFORN Saved Header Settings Current Inst Settings Description Sample Rate ALC Hold Routing Marker 1 Polarity Marker 2 Polarity Marker 3 Polarity Marker 4 Polarity Alt Amel Routing Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified Unspecified 5 0000000_ MHz Neg Pos Pos Pos None None RF Blank Routing Mod Attenuation IZQ Mod Filter Figure 5 5 I Q Output Filter Unspecified Marker 1 Unspecified Unspecified roug Auto Saved File Header Changes FREQUENCY 20 000 000 000 000 sz DIGHNOD AMPLITUDE 135 00 an File Header Information WFI1 AUTOGEN_WAVEFORN Header Field Saved Header Settings Current Inst Settings 94 Description Sample Rate Marker 1 Polarity Marker 2 Polarity Marker 3 Polarity Marker 4 Polarity ALC Hold Ro
152. ly selected marker is displayed on the 8757D Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output 4 Move the cursor back to marker 0 and press Delta Ref Set gt Marker Delta Off On to On In the table editor notice that the frequency values for each marker are now relative to marker 0 Ref appears in the far right column also labeled Ref to indicate which marker is the reference Refer to Figure 2 4 Figure 2 4 Marker Table Editor FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Marker Freq dBm RF NOD Marker On Off OH ON Delta Ref Set Frequency Start 9 20000000000GH2 Stop 10 2000000000GH2 Frequency Center 9 70000000000GHz Span 1 00000000000GHz Turn OFF Harker Marker Frequency On Off Markers 121 92192202 Marker Delta 12605105105 off 12605105105 12605105105 Marker gt Center 12605105105 Freq 12605105105 12605105105 NO ron oS More 1 of 2 5 Move the cursor back to marker 1 and press Marker Freq Turn the front panel knob while observing marker 1 on the 8757D On the 8757D notice that the displayed amplitude and frequency values for marker are relative to marker 0 as the marker moves along the trace Refer to Figure 2 5 Chapter 2 41 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 5 Delta Markers on 8757D Cc H4 A 3 02 dBm 5 0 dB REF 40 00 dBm ao Doone STRT 9 20000 GHz MKR41i66 965 MHz STOP 10 2000 GHz 6 Press Turn Off Markers All active markers turn off Refer to
153. m gt Done Inserting Highlight the first waveform segment An entry 1 2 or 12 in the Mk column indicates that a marker is active No entry in that column means that both markers are off 6 Press Toggle Markers 7 Press Toggle Marker 1 and Toggle Marker 2 until only 2 is showing in the Mk column 8 9 See DO eE Highlight the next waveform segment Press Toggle Marker 1 and Toggle Marker 2 until both 1 and 2 are showing in the Mk column 10 Press Return You now have a waveform sequence that contains two TTONE waveform segments Marker 2 is on for the first waveform segment and markers and 2 are on for the second waveform segment To Verify Marker Operation In this example you learn how to verify marker operation If you have not created waveform segments and applied makers complete the steps in the previous sections Creating Waveform Segments on page 100 and To Place a Marker at the First Point within a Waveform Segment on page 104 Once you set a marker on a waveform segment you can detect the marker pulse at the EVENT 1 or EVENT 2 connectors EVENT 1 for this example For more information see Waveform Marker Concepts on page 108 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Select Waveform Highlight the desired waveform segment or sequence Press ARB Off On to On Connect an oscilloscope input to the EVENT 1 connector and trigger on the Event signal ee When a marker is present a marker pulse is di
154. marker file Seq ARB sequence file MTONE ARB multitone file DMOD ARB digital modulation file MDMOD ARB multicarrier digital modulation file Modulation Catalog Types E8267C PSG with Option 002 602 only associated data for I Q and FSK frequency shift keying modulation files Shape burst shape of a pulse Bit Bit 52 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Functions Storing Files to the Memory Catalog To store a file to the memory catalog first create a file For this example use the default list sweep table 1 2 Press Preset Press Sweep List gt Configure List Sweep gt More 1 of 2 gt Load Store This opens the Catalog of List Files Press Store to File This displays a menu of alphabetical softkeys for naming the file Store to is displayed in the active function area Enter the file name LIST1 using the alphabetical softkeys and the numeric keypad for the numbers 0 to 9 Press Enter The file should be displayed in the Catalog of List Files showing the file name file type file size and the date and time the file was modified Viewing Stored Files in the M emory Catalog 1 Press Utility gt Memory Catalog gt Catalog Type All files in the memory catalog are listed in alphabetical order regardless of which catalog type you select File information appears on the display and includes the file name file type file size and the date an
155. matically preset the other as well If both instruments do not preset check the GPIB connection GPIB addresses and ensure the 8757D is set to system interface mode SYSINTF set to ON The PSG automatically activates a 2 GHz to maximum frequency ramp sweep with a constant amplitude of 0 dBm Notice that the RF ON SWEEP and PULSE annunciators appear on the PSG display The PULSE annunciator appears because the 8757D is operating in AC mode The PSG also switches its remote language setting to 8757D System allowing the PSG to talk to the 8757D during ramp sweep operations You can confirm this by pressing Utility gt GPIB RS 232 LAN and observing the selection under the Remote Language softkey NOTE During swept RF output the FREQUENCY and or AMPLITUDE areas of the signal generator s display are deactivated depending on what is being swept In this case since frequency is being swept nothing appears in the FREQUENCY area of the display 7 Press Frequency gt Freq CW The current continuous wave frequency setting now controls the RF output and ramp sweep is turned off 8 Press Freq Start The ramp sweep settings once again control the RF output and the CW mode is turned off Pressing any one of the softkeys Freq Start Freq Stop Freq Center or Freq Span activates a ramp sweep with the current settings NOTE In a frequency ramp sweep the start frequency must be lower than the stop frequency 9
156. me control over all of the parameters that affect the signal The single carrier signal that is produced can be modified by applying various data patterns filters symbol rates modulation types and burst shapes To begin using the Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode start by selecting from a set of predefined modes setups or specify a setup by selecting a Data Pattern Filter Symbol Rate Modulation Type Burst Shape Configure Hardware Phase Polarity and whether Diff Data Encode is off or on Working with Predefined Setups M odes When you select a predefined mode default values for components of the setup including the filter symbol rate and modulation type are automatically specified Selecting a Predefined Real Time M odulation Setup The following steps select a predefined mode where filtering symbol rate and modulation type are defined by the APCO 25 w C4FM digital modulation standard and return to the top level custom modulation menu 1 Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband Press More 1 of 3 gt More 2 of 3 gt Predefined Mode gt APCO 25 w C4FM Press More 3 of 3 FP YON Deselecting a Predefined Real Time Modulation Setup To deselect any predefined mode that has been previously selected and return to the top level custom modulation menu 1 Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband Press More 1 of 3 gt More 2 of 3 gt Predefined M o
157. mpl Ref Set softkey To exit the reference mode follow these steps a Press Amplitude gt More 1 of 2 b Press Ampl Ref Off On until Off is highlighted You can then reset the output power to the desired level If you are using the signal generator with an external mixer see Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer on page 190 If you are using the signal generator with a spectrum analyzer see Signal Loss While Working with a Spectrum Analyzer on page 192 The Power Supply has Shut Down If the power supply is not working it requires repair or replacement There is no user replaceable power supply fuse Refer to the Service Guide for instructions Chapter 10 189 Troubleshooting RF Output Power Problems Signal Loss While Working with a Mixer If you experience signal loss at the signal generator s RF output during low amplitude coupled operation with a mixer you can solve the problem by adding attenuation and increasing the RF output amplitude of the signal generator Figure 10 1 on page 190 shows a hypothetical configuration in which the signal generator provides a low amplitude signal to a mixer Figure 10 1 Effects of Reverse Power on ALC SIGNAL GENERATOR OUTPUT CONTROL ALC LEVEL RF OUTPUT MIXER 8dBm 8dBm Es RF LEVEL CONTROL y a DETECTOR DETECTOR LO FEEDTHRU LO LEVEL MEASURES MEASURES 5dBm 10 dBm 8 dBm 5 dBm ae REVERSE POWER IF ALC LEVEL
158. n Off hardkey is enabled The MOD ON OFF annunciator which is always present on the display indicates whether active modulation formats have been enabled or disabled with the Mod On Off hardkey 15 ALC INPUT This female BNC input connector is used for negative external detector leveling This connector accepts an input of 0 2 mV to 0 5V The nominal input impedance is 120 KQ and the damage level is 15V On signal generators with Option 1EM this input is relocated to the rear panel 16 RF On Off Pressing this hardkey toggles the operating state of the RF signal present at the RF OUTPUT connector Although you can set up and enable various frequency power and modulation states the RF and microwave output signal is not present at the RF OUTPUT until RF On Off is set to On An annunciator is always visible in the display to indicate whether the RF is turned on or off 17 Numeric Keypad The numeric keypad consists of the 0 through 9 hardkeys a decimal point hardkey and a backspace hardkey The backspace hardkey enables you to backspace or alternate between a positive and a negative value When specifying a negative numeric value the negative sign must be entered prior to entering the numeric value Chapter 1 9 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel 18 RF OUTPUT This connector is the output for RF and microwave signals The nominal output impedance is 509 The reverse power damage levels are 0 Vdc 0 5 watts nomi
159. n but is modulated with FM or M when FM or M are on The output power is nominally 0 dBm The output frequency range is from 249 99900001 MHz to 3 2 GHz this output is not useful for output frequencies gt 3 2 GHz If the RF output frequency is below 249 99900001 MHz the coherent carrier output signal will have the following frequency e Frequency of coherent carrier 1E9 Frequency of RF output in Hz e Damage levels are 20 Vdc and 13 dBm reverse RF power 20 OUT This female BNC connector E8267C only can be used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 to output the analog in phase component of I Q modulation on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector can be used to output the in phase component of an external I Q modulation that has been fed into the I input connector The nominal output impedance of the I OUT connector is 50Q dc coupled 22 Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Rear Panel 21 l bar OUT This female BNC connector E8267C only can be used with an internal baseband generator Option 002 602 to output the complement of the analog in phase component of I Q modulation on signal generators without Option 002 602 this female BNC connector can be used to output the complement of the in phase component of an external I Q modulation that has been fed into the I input connector I bar OUT is used in conjunction with I OUT to provide a balanced baseband stimulus Bal
160. n Off hardkey is on When the Custom Off On softkey is on e For Custom Arb the BBG creates a sampled version of the I Q waveform based on a random data pattern and the modulation type that has been selected e For Custom Real Time I Q the real time custom I Q symbol builder creates I Q symbols based on the data pattern and modulation type that has been selected see Working with Data Patterns on page 147 for information on selecting a data pattern In Custom Real Time I Q you can also e Create user defined modulation type see page 137 that can be used immediately or saved to the Memory Catalog e Restore all modulation parameters to their default state To Select a Predefined M odulation Type 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Digital Mod Define gt Modulation Type gt Select or Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Modulation Type gt Select 3 Select one of the available modulation types NOTE If you select QPSK and OQPSK you must make a specific selection from the menu that displays 136 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types To Use a User Defined M odulation Type Real Time I Q Only Creating a 128QAM 1 Q Modulation Type User File with the I Q Values Editor In I Q modulation schemes symbols appear in default positions in the I Q plane Using the 1 Q Values editor you can define your own symbol map by changing t
161. n format is on AM Depth nodulation Status Information Od Nod State Depth Dev Source Rate Haveform ane i M Source An 1 On 0 1 Internal 400 0Hz Sine internal 50 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Modulating a Signal Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output The carrier signal is modulated when the Mod On Off key is set to On and an individual modulation format is active When the Mod On Off key is set to Off the MOD OFF annunciator appears on the display When the key is set to On the MOD ON annunciator shows in the display whether or not there is an active modulation format The annunciators simply indicate whether the carrier signal will be modulated when a modulation format is turned on To Turn RF Output M odulation On Press the Mod On Off key until the MOD ON annunciator appears in the display The carrier signal should be modulated with all active modulation formats This is the factory default To Turn RF Output M odulation Off Press the Mod On Off key until the MOD OFF annunciator appears in the display The carrier signal is no longer modulated or capable of being modulated when a modulation format is active Figure 2 12 Carrier Signal Modulation Status FREQUENCY 50 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 am r l lt a Mod Set to On Carrier is Modulated 50 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 am BE or lt a Mod Set to Off Carrier is not Modulated AM Modulation Format is Active F
162. n volatile memory NOTE The RF output amplitude frequency and operating state settings such as RF On Off are not stored as part of a user defined digital modulation state file For more information refer to Using Data Storage Functions on page 52 Chapter 6 123 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with User Defined Setups Modes Custom Arb Only Recalling a User Defined Custom Digital M odulation State In this procedure you learn how to select recall a previously stored custom digital modulation state from the Memory Catalog the Catalog of DMOD Files 1 Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Setup Select Press More 1 of 2 gt Custom Digital Mod State FY N Press Select File to select a custom modulation state from the Catalog of DMOD Files The user defined custom digital modulation state should now be recalled from non volatile memory Because the RF output amplitude frequency and operating state settings are not stored as part of a user defined digital modulation state file they must still be set or recalled separately For more information refer to Using Data Storage Functions on page 52 124 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters Working with Filters This section provides information on using predefined page 126 and user defined page 127 FIR filters NOTE The procedures in this section apply only to filters created in either th
163. nal On signal generators with Option 1EM this output is relocated to a rear panel female BNC connector 19 SYNC OUT This female BNC output connector E8257C and E8267C only outputs a synchronizing TTL compatible pulse signal that is nominally 50 ns wide during internal and triggered pulse modulation The nominal source impedance is 50Q On signal generators with Option 1EM this output is relocated to the rear panel 20 VIDEO OUT This female BNC output connector E8257C and E8267C only outputs a TTL level compatible pulse signal that follows the output envelope in all pulse modes The nominal source impedance is 50Q On signal generators with Option 1EM this output is relocated to the rear panel 21 Line Power LED This green LED indicates when the signal generator power switch is set to the on position 22 Power Switch In the on position this switch activates full power to the signal generator in standby it deactivates all signal generator functions In standby the signal generator remains connected to the line power and power is supplied to some internal circuits 23 Standby LED This yellow LED indicates when the signal generator power switch is set to the standby condition 24 Incr Set This hardkey enables you to set the increment value of the current active function This the increment value of the current active function appears in the active entry area of the display Use the numeric keypad arrow hardkeys or t
164. nciator E8257C and E8267C only which is always present on the display indicates whether active modulation formats have been enabled or disabled with the Mod On Off hardkey Pressing the Mod On Off hardkey enables or disables all active modulation formats AM FM M Pulse or I Q that are applied to the output carrier signal available through the RF Output connector The Mod On Off hardkey does not set up or activate an AM FM M Pulse or I Q format each individual modulation format must still be set up and activated for example AM gt AM On or nothing will be applied to the output carrier signal when the Mod On Off hardkey is enabled This annunciator Option UNR only appears when the temperature of the internal oven reference oscillator has dropped below an acceptable level When this annunciator is on frequency accuracy is degraded This condition should occur only if the signal generator is disconnected from line power This annunciator E8257C and E8267C only appears when pulse modulation is on This annunciator appears when the signal generator is remotely controlled over the GPIB RS 232 or VXI 11 Sockets LAN interface TELNET operation does not activate the R annunciator When the R annunciator is on the front panel keys are disabled except for the Local key and the line power switch For information on remote operation refer to the Programming Guide This annunciator indicates when the RF and microwave signal is pr
165. ndom initial phase values The center tone is placed at the carrier frequency while the other eight tones are spaced in 1 MHz increments from the center tone If you create an even number of tones the carrier frequency will be centered between the two middle tones Figure 8 2 FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Mult itone 20 000 000 000 000 sz 0 00 an OFF M EXT REF _N TOHE RF noD Initialize Ta OH ON Table Edit Item NMultitone Setup default CUNSTORED Tone Freq Offset Poner Phase State 1 0 00 dB 297 On Toggle State 2 3 000000 MHz 0 00 dB 39 On 3 2 000000 MHz 0 00 dB 48 On 4 1 000000 MHz 0 00 dB 36 On H nip 5 0 000 kHz 0 00 dB 312 on Geeeeoe 6 1 000000 MHz 0 00 dB 159 on 7 2 000000 MHz 0 00 dB 183 on PRA 8 3 000000 MHz 0 00 dB 261 on seas 9 4 000000 MHz 0 00 dB 342 on More 41 of 2 To View a Multitone Waveform This procedure describes how to configure the spectrum analyzer to view a multitone waveform and its IMD products Actual key presses will vary depending on the model of spectrum analyzer you are using 1 Preset the spectrum analyzer Set the carrier frequency to 20 GHz Set the frequency span to 20 MHz Set the amplitude for a 10 dB scale with a 4 dBm reference De E a Adjust the resolution bandwidth to sufficiently reduce the noise floor to expose the IMD products A 9 1 kHz setting was used in our example 6 Turn on the peak detector 172 Chapter 8 T M ultitone Waveform Generat
166. ne softkey before the updated waveform will be generated When you apply a change the baseband generator creates a multitone waveform using the new settings and replaces the existing waveform in ARB memory You have now changed the number of tones to 10 disabled tone 2 and changed the power and phase of tone 4 Figure 8 4 on page 174 shows what the multitone setup table display on the signal generator should look like after all steps have been completed The spectrum analyzer should display a waveform similar to the one shown in Figure 8 5 on page 175 Notice that even numbered multitone waveforms have a small amount of carrier feedthrough at the center carrier frequency Figure 8 4 FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Multitone 20 000 000 000 000 sz 0 00 an os EXT REF N TONE RF MOD Initialize Ta ON OW Table Edit Item Multitone Setup default CUNSTORED Tone Freq Offset Pouer Phase State 1 4 500000 MHz 0 00 dB 297 on Toggle State 2 3 500000 MHz 0 00 dB 39 off 3 2 500000 MHz 0 00 dB 48 on ai 4 1 500000 MHz 10 00 dB 123 Apply 5 500 000 kHz 0 00 dB 312 on Mult itone 6 500 000 kHz 0 00 dB 159 On 7 1 500000 MHz 0 00 dB 183 on Gata Pa 8 2 500000 MHz 0 00 dB 261 on OU aH 9 3 500000 MHz 0 00 dB 342 on 10 4 500000 MHz 0 00 dB 324 on 4 ore 41 of 2 174 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms Figure 8 5
167. nerator detects when a valid reference signal is present at this connector and automatically switches from internal to external reference operation The nominal input impedance is 50 For Option UNR this BNC connector accepts a signal with a nominal input level of 5 5 dBm The external frequency reference must be 10 MHz within 1 ppm The nominal input impedance is 50Q with a damage level of 10 dBm 28 10 MHz EFC Option UNR This female BNC input connector accepts an external dc voltage ranging from 5 to 5V for electronic frequency control EFC of the internal 10 MHz reference oscillator This voltage inversely tunes the oscillator about its center frequency approximately 0 0025 ppm V The input resistance is greater than 1 MQ When not in use this connector should be shorted using the supplied shorting cap to assure a stable operating frequency 24 Chapter 1 2 Basic Operation In the following sections this chapter describes operations common to all Agilent PSG signal generators Using Table Editors on page 26 Configuring a Continuous Wave RF Output on page 28 Configuring a Swept RF Output on page 31 Using Ramp Sweep Option 007 on page 37 Extending the Frequency Range with a mm Wave Source Module on page 47 Turning On a Modulation Format on page 50 Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output on page 51 Using Data Storage Functions on page 52 Enabling Options
168. ngs column The file header has been modified and the current instrument settings saved This is shown in Figure 5 5 on page 94 While a modulation format is active the waveform file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM is playing and you can modify the header information within the active modulation format Once you turn the modulation format off the header information is available only in the dual ARB player If you turn the modulation format off and then on you overwrite the previous AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM file and its file header To avoid this rename the file before you turn the modulation format back on see page 103 When you store the waveform file see page 103 the header information is stored with the waveform 92 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Figure 5 3 ARB Setup Softkey Menu and Marker Utilities FREQUENCY IPLITUDE Marker 1 Polarit Q ARB Sarpele Clock Neg Pros 20 000 000 000 000 si 135 00 am 372000 kHz DIGNOD wal a a ARB Befepence Marker 2 Eo pita Marker eee e Dig Mod stu NADC DIGMOD Hod T aa IQ Mod Filter 40 000MHz Tupe Marker L Po lapita 0n Filter aD 350 Data Random Waveform Neg Symbol Rate 24 300ksps Utilities Trig Type Continuous Free Run Retrigger On Trig Source Ext Patt Trig In 1 Polarity Nea wrae Marker Polarity Delay Off Header Marker Routing Utilities Set Markers More 1 of 2 Pu
169. nly 0 2 0 0 0008 122 Modifying a Single Camer NADC Seis oiic cocked ouc ai awe bea se teb ed eRe ander eae 122 Customizing a Malticami r Sep racsrsncre iora pice ehaes Meee EE ea 123 Recalling a User Defined Custom Digital Modulation State 0 0 000 124 Working With Piste 2 pote edie ees eh od dae eee RARER RIERA RA Oe ARR 125 Using 2 Poedenmed PIR Viltets o252532keeeecebeerkidethavaphaws EDO Ere En ETSER 126 Using a User Denne FIR Miltet ccicitkee ierinee see ie bdubiedinessedeogeeekeadeees 127 Working Wilh Sya RAGS 2 o ee se ceark EErEE LEINEPERI ETERS EE EEEE E EREE 123 To Seta Symbol Bally sys tcw dead eee Hee ray a Wey REPLY O Aeta Cr bh E WHER 133 To Restore the Default Symbol Rate Custom Real Time I Q Only 04 133 Working with Modulation TYPES crer tein bie cana eae donee andaeee deeded apie Gunes dae 136 Te selects Predefined Modulation Vy pti gi cs cdecqadccorieesed eer etewcas agence ou 136 To Use a User Defined Modulation Type Real Time I Q Only 0 0000 137 COM CULINE BIW ohh a cohen trestia ria A EEDE REM L PAO eee eee Ew eee eae 143 To Set a Delayed Positive Polarity External Single Trigger 00 00 0080 143 vii Contents Te Setiie ARB Reline 4 an che dew kids alaad a bade ehdeeehehennedeearkkoeeeeoseedan 144 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband cccccccuuccuceueeuceeueeeersaessansaersanes LAS OQVEIMIOW cic bite hated the dab
170. not TiO He ModE cic catia pees ee EEA hoe Knee eee CHL CREO ERR EE R 197 Signal Generator Locks Uy ic cc64cusetedhaecee PG oR EASE IONE EES HEED ETIS REDE R OH 198 Fail Saie Recovery Sequences 4 ai5 4 4 2455 4254h4 Ae eGR Lo ROLE ERAS SELES ERLE ESLER SEN 198 Eror sotto 2 ee ee eer ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ee ce eee eee a 200 Eror Message PUG prrs araors rE seat heee eae geese epee ELETE EERS ORS SEVERE ENERE 200 Emo Mesne Point cock tedeodeidbareceuihcowbecoulesoerseaGhesaeoied ebbandu 201 Error Wessepe WyWdt c 0ecidsaorg oie ede ohad ees Gees pees eeeshateraetiskercends 202 Returning a Signal Generator to Agilent Technologies 0 0 c eee eee eee 203 Contents 1 Signal Generator Overview In the following sections this chapter describes the models options and features available for Agilent PSG signal generators The modes of operation front panel user interface as well as front and rear panel connectors are also described e Signal Generator Models and Features on page 2 e Options on page 4 e Firmware Upgrades on page 4 e Modes of Operation on page 5 e Front Panel on page 6 e Front Panel Display on page 13 e Rear Panel on page 17 Signal Generator Overview Signal Generator Models and Features Signal Generator Models and Features Table 1 1 lists the available PSG signal generator models along with their output signal types and frequency range Tab
171. ns Generating the First Waveform on page 100 and Creating the First Waveform Segment on page 100 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments Press Load Store Highlight a waveform segment for example TTONE Press Waveform Utilities gt Set Markers gt Set Marker On Range Of Points Press First Mkr Point gt 10 gt Enter Press Last Mkr Point gt 163830 gt Enter Press Skipped Points gt 2 gt Enter Press Apply To Waveform SANAMPWNE NOTE The last marker point must be greater than or equal to the first marker point This activates Marker 1 selected by default every three points from point 10 to point 163830 in the selected waveform segment To Use Marker 2 to Blank the RF Output If you have not created a waveform segment complete the steps in the previous sections Generating the First Waveform on page 100 and Creating the First Waveform Segment on page 100 NOTE RF blanking applies to Marker 2 only Marker 1 does not blank the RF output For more information see Waveform Marker Concepts on page 108 Press Preset Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Select Waveform Highlight a waveform segment for example TTONE Press Select Waveform Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt ARB Setup gt Mkr 2 To RF Blank Off On Press Return gt Arb On Off to On Press Waveform Segments gt Load Store gt Waveform Utilities gt Set Markers gt Marker12 gt Set Marker On Range of Points
172. nunciator appears if a burst condition exists such as when marker 2 is set to enable RF blanking in the Dual ARB format ERR This annunciator appears when an error message is in the error queue This annunciator does not turn off until you either view all the error messages or cleared the error queue To access error messages press Utility gt Error Info EXT This annunciator appears when external leveling is on This annunciator E8257C and E8267C only appears as either EXT1 LO or EXT1 HI when the ac coupled signal to the EXT 1 INPUT is lt 0 97 V or gt 1 03 V This annunciator E8257C and E8267C only is displayed as either EXT2 LO or EXT2 HI This annunciator appears when the ac coupled signal to the EXT 2 INPUT is lt 0 97 Vp or gt 1 03 Vp EXT REF This annunciator appears when an external frequency reference is applied FM This annunciator E8257C and E8267C only appears when frequency modulation is turned on If phase modulation is turned on the PM annunciator will replace FM I Q This annunciator E8267C with Option 002 602 only appears when I Q modulation is turned on L This annunciator appears when the signal generator is in listener mode and is receiving information or commands over the RS 232 GPIB or VXI 11 LAN interface 14 Chapter 1 MOD ON OFF OVEN COLD PULSE RF ON OFF SWEEP UNLEVEL Chapter 1 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Display This annu
173. nus the reference frequency Although the display changes the frequency output does not change Any subsequent frequency changes are shown as incremental or decremental to 0 Hz 1 2 Preset the signal generator Press Preset Set the frequency reference to 700 MHz Press Frequency gt 700 gt MHz gt More 1 of 3 gt Freq Ref Set This activates the frequency reference mode and sets the current output frequency 700 MHz as the reference value The FREQUENCY area displays 0 000 Hz which is the frequency output by the hardware 700 MHz minus the reference value 700 MHz The REF indicator activates and the Freq Ref Off On softkey toggles to On Turn on the RF output Press RF On Off The display annunciator changes from RF OFF to RF ON The RF frequency at the RF OUTPUT connector is 700 MHz Set the frequency increment value to 1 MHz Press Frequency gt Incr Set gt 1 gt MHz Increment the output frequency by 1 MHz Press the up arrow key The FREQUENCY area display changes to show 1 000 000 000 MHz which is the frequency output by the hardware 700 MHz 1 MHz minus the reference frequency 700 MHz The frequency at the RF OUTPUT changes to 701 MHz Enter a 1 MHz offset Press More 1 of 3 gt Freq Offset gt 1 gt MHz The FREQUENCY area displays 2 000 000 00 MHz which is the frequency output by the hardware 701 MHz minus the reference frequency 700 MHz plus the offse
174. o Apply Bit Errors Hore 1 of 2 NOTE When you create a new file the default name is UNTITLED or UNTITLED1 and so forth This prevents overwriting previous files Chapter 7 149 Custom Real Time Q Baseband Working with Data Patterns 3 Enter the 32 bit values shown using the numeric keypad Bit data is entered into the Bit File Editor in 1 bit format The current hexadecimal value of the binary data is shown in the Hex Data column and the cursor position in hexadecimal is shown in the Position indicator Enter These Bit Values Hexadecimal Data Cursor Position QUENCY AMPLITUDE 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 om EXT REF REI l Insert Deleter Bit File Eitor Pos 6 Size 96 UNTITLEDS Offset Binary Data Hex Data 0 110 1101 1011 0110 1110 1101 1011 0110 6DB6EDB6 Goto 20 1101 1011 0110 1101 1011 0110 1101 1011 DB6DB608 40 0111 0110 1101 0100 0110 1101 1011 0110 76046086 60 E Apply Bit Errors More 1 of 2 Press More 1 of 2 gt Rename gt Editing Keys gt Clear Text Enter a file name for example USER1 using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad Press Enter The user file should be renamed and stored to the Memory Catalog with the name USER1 Selecting a Data Pattern User File from the Catalog of Bit Files In this procedure you learn how to select a data pattern user file from the Catalog of Bit Files If you have not created and stored a user
175. o COTS 34 dae phen hei neue hoe ened etardbigu cer o ne aeaeeiss 24 26r IO MHZ ER phen UNR o ence tE r ieee ey EP eee ERGERE RECRE RS EERE EEE dc 24 2 Basi Opora s AAAA EALA ER eE Usm DOIE EJO oseese ienei rE RERO EER OERE REEE RE 26 Taole Editor SOURS sireni eh ec ceearcoaibeogltsbviaeonbesoeieseatekaewiasaghasass 27 Modifying Table hems in the Data Fields o scciircckesirkiti pes Si EVA ErI rA EEEO EKETE 27 Confirme Me RF OMD cn ihe cbeh ov ecaeteeeee tose demise bear E rE eheee 28 Confisunng a Continuous Wave RF OUtput 050 cssccen ese y deere eaaveeee ed wes ieees 28 Conlipinne a Swept RF OUMU is asso eGo agi kse euregeede bev o iio DEES mR EENE 31 Extending the Frequency Range with a mm Wave Source Module 04 47 CHW a SUTIAll cts esee soe e eaarks esos T SRE SEEESO S L T eats 50 Turning Ona Modulation Format 2 o6ucone re giteeodrde EAER oie ae ga Ode oes 50 Applying a Modulation Format to the RF Output 2 00 5050 cece eee e eee esse enes 31 Using Dato Storace PURCIONG oii iota oop Meee ROW ee ie ded GSS DAS ANEREN ERE 52 Using the Memory Cate icc iin sg ceetd cache piatki udt PERR EE RERA ae Using the Insiriment State Registe 240 055 0ce 4 2av 55445409 SS HS ESRERE ERAS RGN EEE Heer 54 Pnabline ODORS pe bencatei echoes cetera irea e ES 57 Enaphna a Sothrale IPO sea ccis nonce ce een ENEE EERE E ETE RER E ete ee E EER ENERE 57 3 Opimizno Performa s ecccceri nrinn Enr AEn NENEA eee Renda ees koren dene
176. o which it pertains Should Agilent have a written contract with the User and should any of the contract terms conflict with these terms the contract terms shall control Questions or Comments about our Documentation We welcome any questions or comments you may have about our documentation Please send us an E mail at sources_manuals am exch agilent com Contents 1 Signal Generator VEMIEW ssirssiscisrieininisincisisirasiinistiiiiniirisisarasaa L signal Generator Models and Peatuires 2 5 c 0cccsngit ss ereeeger ES EVES OPPER EEEE EEE eae 2 E8247C PSG CW Signal Generator Features soso eivoc ade ee 4 ceed ware aeeeaddivegursagaes 2 Be257C PSG Analog Signal Generator Features scs sdrerecrersi totaktere dieter chesi 3 E8267C PSG Vector Signal Generator PCattescn a is cad io cece dake anes Rae aS 4 CHONG cc Lac ectetan does even ebark ee wiekeeaceakemerteaeed A E EE TEEN 4 Picmware WU prmtes cs246eeneaeudesetw de Sie ened rhse deb Oden bees seems E 4 Modest Ti peHON Lntcaekon tek ieheeteee ied bee Ba i eshe Leeda deb aeeeeea enon 5 Front Panel os 42cck ieee dstengae piketi r ERR R RA ERA ER 6 LOPE ee ee ee eee ee Te eee eee ere eee eee re ere 7 PA a hoc E E a E AATE EEEE T a E 7 Sy eae AET AAA AAA E SE L EA EL PER E EE AA E 7 hy AMES kiekeen t eek a iee ekk p ietek e ta ieee RE REE 7 aea a a re er eee ee re ee ee A er T eee 7 D oN eee ea ne creer ere eee ae ee eee ere eee EEE 7 E E ee ee E ee 7 Ds ESO ck ok pk eh ot SS hat erleeg
177. or Chapter 4 79 Analog Modulation Configuring FM Configuring FM In this example you will learn how to create a frequency modulated RF carrier To Set the RF Output Frequency 1 Press Preset 2 Press Frequency gt 1 gt GHz To Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm To Set the FM Deviation and Rate 1 Press the FM M hardkey 2 Press FM Dev gt 75 gt kHz 3 Press FM Rate gt 10 gt kHz The signal generator is now configured to output a 0 dBm frequency modulated carrier at 1 GHz with a 75 kHz deviation and a 10 kHz rate The shape of the waveform is a sine wave Notice that sine is the default for the FM Waveform softkey Press More 1 of 2 to see the softkey To Activate FM 1 Press FM Off On to On 2 Press RF On Off The FM and RF ON annunciators are now displayed This indicates that you have enabled frequency modulation and the signal is now being transmitted from the RF OUTPUT connector 80 Chapter 4 Analog M odulation Configuring PM Configuring PM In this example you will learn how to create a phase modulated RF carrier To Set the RF Output Frequency 1 Press Preset 2 Press Frequency gt 3 gt GHz To Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm To Set the FM Deviation and Rate 1 Press the FM M hardkey 2 Press the FM M softkey 3 Press FM Dev gt 25 gt pi rad 4 Press FM Rate gt 10 gt kHz The si
178. or Creating Viewing and Optimizing M ultitone Waveforms Set the attenuation to 14 dB so you re not overdriving the input mixer on the spectrum analyzer You should now see a waveform with nine tones and a 20 GHz center carrier frequency that is similar to the one shown in Figure 8 3 on page 173 You will also see IMD products at 1 MHz intervals above and below the highest and lowest tones Figure 8 3 Agilent Ref 4 dBm Atten 14 dB Peak dB Multitone Channels Intermodulation ion H1 2 N 3 FC Center 20 000 GHz Span 20 MHz Res BH 9 1 kHz VBH 9 1 kHz Sweep 291 2 ms To Edit the M ultitone Setup Table This procedure builds upon the previous procedure 1 at oe er I Press Initialize Table gt Number of Tones gt 10 gt Enter Press Done Highlight the value On in the State column for the tone in row 2 Press Toggle State Highlight the value 0 dB in the Power column for the tone in row 4 Chapter 8 173 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 6 Press Edit Item gt 10 gt dB 7 Highlight the value 0 in the Phase column for the tone in row 4 8 Press Edit Item gt 123 gt deg 9 Press Apply Multitone NOTE Whenever a change is made to a setting while the multitone generator is operating M ultitone Off On set to On you must apply the change by pressing the Apply Multito
179. or Filter Alpha 0 lt Filter Alpha lt 1 e Gaussian is a Gaussian pre modulation FIR filter e User FIR enables you to select from a Catalog of FIR filters use this selection if the other predefined FIR filters do not meet your needs For more information see Define User FIR below e Rectangle is a rectangular pre modulation FIR filter e APCO 25 C4FM is an APCO 25 specified C4FM filter this is a Nyquist filter with an alpha of 0 200 that is combined with a shaping filter Filter Parameters e Define User FIR is available for when the predefined FIR filters do not meet your needs You can define FIR coefficients and set the oversample ratio number of filter coefficients per symbol to be applied to a custom FIR filter Chapter 6 125 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters e Filter Alpha enables you to adjust the filter alpha for a Nyquist or root Nyquist filter If a Gaussian filter is used you will see Filter BbT this softkey is grayed out when any other filter is selected e Custom Realtime I Q Baseband Only Optimize FIR for EVM ACP enables you to optimize a Nyquist or root Nyquist filter for minimized error vector magnitude EVM or for minimized adjacent channel power ACP the softkey is grayed out when any other filter is selected e Restore Default Filters replaces the current FIR filter with the default FIR filter for the selected format Using a Predefined FIR Filter Selecting a Predefined FIR Fil
180. ot have a GPIB interface complete the steps in this section and then continue with the user flatness correction tutorial 1 A E E 74 Press More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt Configure Cal Array This opens the User Flatness table editor and places the cursor over the frequency value 26 5 GHz for row The RF output changes to the frequency value of the table row containing the cursor and 26 500 000 000 00 is displayed in the AMPLITUDE area of the display Observe and record the measured value from the power meter Subtract the measured value from 0 dBm Move the table cursor over the correction value in row 1 Press Edit Item gt enter the difference value from step 3 gt dB The signal generator adjusts the RF output amplitude based on the correction value entered Repeat steps 2 through 5 until the power meter reads 0 dBm Use the down arrow key to place the cursor over the frequency value for the next row The RF output changes to the frequency value highlighted by the cursor as shown in the AMPLITUDE area of the display Repeat steps 2 through 7 for each entry in the User Flatness table Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Save the User Flatness Correction Data to the Memory Catalog This process allows you to save the user flatness correction data as a file in the signal generator s memory catalog With several user flatness correction files saved to the memo
181. ou can work with a waveform file it must reside in volatile memory A newly generated segment file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM initially resides in volatile memory until you store it to non volatile memory Whenever you cycle the power on the PSG or download new firmware you must reload your waveform file from non volatile memory Accessing the Dual ARB Player Press Mode gt Dual ARB You are now at the first level softkey menu as shown in the following figure Most procedures after the procedure Creating the First Waveform Segment on page 100 start from this first level softkey menu FREQUENCY 20 000 000 000 000 z 135 00 om ar ma wesley Waveform Seoments Selected Waveform NONE 2 Sample Clock 100 0000000MHz IQ Mod Filter Through Ref Freq 10 0000000MHz Int Waveform Sequences Trig Type Continuous Free Run Retrigger On Trig Source Ext Patt Trig In 1 Polarity Neg Delay Off ARB Setup Trigger Continuous Chapter 5 99 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Creating Waveform Segments There are two ways to provide waveform segments for use by the waveform sequencer You can either download a waveform via remote interface or generate a waveform using one of the ARB modulation formats For information on downloading waveforms via remote interface see the Programming Guide The following procedure describes how to create waveform segments using int
182. peat steps 3 and 4 until you have reached the lowest possible carrier feedthrough level On the spectrum analyzer return the resolution bandwidth to its previous setting 10 Measure the power difference between the tone and its distortion product Create a delta marker and place it on the peak of the adjacent intermodulation product which should be You should now see a display that is similar to the one shown in Figure 8 6 on page 176 Your optimized multitone signal can now be used to measure the IMD products generated by a device under test Note that carrier feedthrough changes with time and temperature Therefore you will need to periodically readjust your I and Q offsets to keep the signal optimized Figure 8 6 Agilent Ref 4 dBm Peak Center Atten 14 dB Tone 10 Minimized Carrier Feedthrough Intermodulat Distortion Carrier Feedthrough Distortion 20 000 88 GHz Res BH 9 1 kHz 176 VBH 9 1 kHz Span 20 MHz Sweep 291 2 ms Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing M ultitone Waveforms To Determine Peak to Average Characteristics This procedure describes how to set the phases of the tones in a multitone waveform and determine the peak to average characteristics by plotting the complementary cumulative distribution function CCDF 1 Press Mode gt Multitone gt Initialize Table gt N
183. pends on the state in which the modulation starts Example 1 Example 2 Example Data Offset transition 1 state forward transition 1 state backward Value ae a ates ates 1 00000000 1 1 1 2 00000001 1 Q Q 3 00000010 2 U y 4 00000011 0 a P u u e e 1 k 1 k 1 I Value 1 1 I Value 1 Example 3 Example 4 transition 2 states forward no transition 1 0 State Map 1 0 State Map I Q States 4 I Q States 4 1 1 Q Q U U a a 1 1 u u 1 TS 4 1 d 1 I Value 1 1 I Value 1 Chapter 7 163 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding 1 0 5 tA 1 I Value 1 1st Symbol 5th Symbol Sy a Data 0011100001 ee 2nd Symbol 4th Symbol Data Value Symbol Table Offset 00 1 01 1 10 2 11 0 When applied to the user defined default 4QAM I Q map starting from the 1st symbol data 00 the differential encoding transitions for the data stream in 2 bit symbols 0011100001 appear in the previous illustration As you can see the Ist and 4th symbols having the same data value 00 produce the same state transition forward state In differential encoding symbol values do not define location they define the direction and distance of a transition through the I Q State Map For instructions on configuring differential encoding see Understanding Differential Encoding on page 160
184. phases result in a much lower peak to average ratio than fixed phases An increase in the number of tones with random phases will decrease the probability of a maximum peak power occurrence Figure 8 8 CCDF Plot with Random Phase Set 50 000 000 000 000 siz 135 00 om N TOHE a a I Q ERR COMPLEMENTARY CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION HAVEFORN AUTOGEN AVEFORN 3 100 38 89 0 dB R 107 10 3 76 dB B 1 5 84 dB A 1 0 1 0 00 dB B 01 0 00 dB I 0 17 oE 888 TS oF I ooz y 0 001 0 PEAK AUG dB 10 0 Peak Power 178 Chapter 8 9 Two Tone Waveform Generator In the following sections this chapter describes the Two Tone mode which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators e Overview on page 180 e Creating Viewing and Modifying Two Tone Waveforms on page 181 179 Two Tone Waveform Generator Overview Overview The two tone mode builds a waveform that has two equal powered CW signals or tones The default waveform has two tones that are symmetrically spaced from the center carrier frequency and have user defined amplitude carrier frequency and frequency separation settings The user can also align the tones left or right relative to the carrier frequency The two tone waveform generator is designed for testing the intermodulation distortion characteristics of non linear devices such as mixers or amplifiers Intermodulation distortion IMD occurs when non linear
185. ps 50 Msps 45 sps 50 Msps Frequency 4 Lvl FSK 2 90 bps 100 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 25 Msps Shift Keying 8 Lvl FSK 3 135 bps 150 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 16 67 Msps 16 Lvl FSK 4 180 bps 200 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 12 5 Msps C4FM 2 90 bps 100 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 25 Msps sayey joquiAs yim Bupa M 10 219U99 WJOJ AL M GUY wojsn 9 saydey9 GET Bits Custom Real Time Only Modulation Type Per Bit Rate Internal Synibol Rate External Symbol Rate Symbol Symibbols s x Number of Bits Symbol Minimum Maimam Minimum Maximum QAM 4QAM 2 90 bps 100 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 25 Msps Quadrature 16QAM 4 180 bps 200 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 12 5 Msps Amplitude Modulation 32QAM 5 225 bps 250 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 10 Msps 64QAM 6 270 bps 300 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 8 33 Msps 128QAM 7 315 bps 350 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 7 14 Msps There is no preset value for this modulation it must be user defined 256QAM 8 360 bps 400 Mbps 45 sps 50 Msps 45 sps 6 25 Msps sajey joquiAs uM Buro M JOJEIIUIS WIOJOAe M GUY WOJSNJ Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types Working with Modulation Types The Modulation Type menu enables you to specify the type of modulation applied to the carrier signal when the Mod O
186. quence follow these steps 1 Hold down the Preset key while cycling power 2 Continue to hold down the Preset key until the following message is displayed WARNING You are entering the diagnostics menu which can cause unpredictable instrument behavior Are you sure you want to continue CAUTION Carefully read the entire message It may list additional risks with this procedure 198 Chapter 10 Troubleshooting Signal Generator Locks Up 3 Release the Preset key 4 To continue with the sequence press Continue to abort with no lost files press Abort 5 When the sequence concludes a Cycle power Cycling power restores all previously installed options Because calibration files are restored from EEPROM you should see several error messages b Perform the DCFM DC M calibration Refer to the DCFM DC M Cal softkey description in the Key Reference c Agilent Technologies is interested in the circumstances that made it necessary for you to initiate this procedure Please contact us at the appropriate telephone number listed in Table 10 1 on page 203 We would like to help you eliminate any repeat occurrences Chapter 10 199 Troubleshooting Error Messages Error Messages If an error condition occurs in the signal generator it is reported to both the front panel display error queue and the SCPI remote interface error queue These two queues are viewed and managed separately for information on the SCPI error qu
187. r e Agilent 8349B microwave amplifier required for signal generators without Option 1EA e GPIB interface cable e adapters and cables as required NOTE The equipment setups in Figure 3 5 and Figure 3 6 assume that the steps necessary to correctly level the RF output have been followed If you have questions about leveling with a millimeter wave source module refer to To Level with a mm Wave Source Module on page 63 Configure the Power Meter 1 Select SCPI as the remote language for the power meter Zero and calibrate the power sensor to the power meter Enter the appropriate power sensor calibration factors into the power meter as appropriate FY N Enable the power meter s cal factor array NOTE For operating information on your particular power meter sensor refer to their operating guides 70 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Connect the Equipment CAUTION To prevent damage to the signal generator turn off the line power to the signal generator before connecting the source module interface cable to the rear panel SOURCE MODULE interface connector 1 Turn off the line power to the signal generator 2 Connect the equipment For standard signal generators use the setup in Figure 3 5 For Option EA signal generators use the setup in Figure 3 6 NOTE During the process of creating the user flatness correction array the power meter is slaved to the signal genera
188. r configuring various functions For descriptions see the Key Reference Table 1 2 Hardkeys in Front Panel MENUS Group E8247C PSG CW E8257C PSG Analog E8267C PSG Vector Sweep List AM Mode FM Utility Sweep List Mux M FM M AM Utility Utility Sweep List VQ Pulse Mode Setup Pulse LF Out Aux Fctn LF Out 10 Help Pressing this hardkey accesses a short description of any hardkey or softkey There are two help modes available on the signal generator single and continuous The single mode is the factory preset condition Toggle between single and continuous mode by pressing Utility gt Instrument Info Help Mode gt Help Mode Single Cont e In single mode help text is provided for the next key you press without activating the key s function Any key pressed afterward exits the help mode and its function is activated e Incontinuous mode help text is provided for each subsequent key press until you press the Help hardkey again or change to single mode In addition each key is active meaning that the key function is executed except for the Preset key 11 EXT 1 INPUT This female BNC input connector E8257C and E8267C only accepts a 1V signal for AM FM and M For these modulations 1 V produces the indicated deviation or depth When ac coupled inputs are selected for AM FM or PM and the peak input voltage differs from 1V by more than 3 the HI LO display annunciators light The input impedance is selectable as either 50
189. r flatness correction data as in the signal generator s memory catalog With several user flatness correction files saved to the memory catalog any file can be recalled loaded into the correction array and applied to the RF output to satisfy specific RF output flatness requirements 1 Press Load Store 2 Press Store to File 3 Enter the file name FLATCAL1 using the alphanumeric softkeys numeric keypad or the knob 4 Press Enter The user flatness correction array file FLATCALI is now stored in the memory catalog as a UFLT file Applying a User Flatness Correction Array Press Return gt Return gt Flatness Off On This applies the user flatness correction array to the RF output The UF indicator is activated in the AMPLITUDE section of the signal generator s display and the frequency correction data contained in the correction array is applied to the RF output amplitude Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array Before performing the steps in this section complete Creating a User Flatness Correction Array on page 64 1 Press Preset 2 Press Amplitude gt More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt Configure Cal Array gt More 1 of 2 gt Preset List gt Confirm Preset 3 Press More 2 of 2 gt Load Store 4 Ensure that the file FLATCAL1 is highlighted 5 Press Load From Selected File gt Confirm Load From File This populates the user flatness correction array with the data contained in
190. ress Name And Store 11 Press Enter CA ADARWNS The markers are toggled per your selections and the changes have been saved to the selected sequence file An entry 1 2 or 12 in the Mk column indicates that a marker is active No entry in that column means that both markers are off as shown in Figure 5 9 Figure 5 9 FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Insert gt 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 an ee Delete Relected Marker averorm Column RAMP_TEST_WFMN CUNSTORED 64CHF100 9CHF200 171 Segment Sequence 1 1 Waveform Reps Mk RANP_TEST_UFN 6UCHF SCHF WFM1 64CHF 100 1 Edit Repetitions SINE_TEST_WFMN 64CHF100 9CHF200 HFI gC 200 12 Toggle Nake This entry shows both Name And Store markers on 10 22 2001 10 14 106 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers To Toggle Markers As You Create a Waveform Sequence You can combine waveform segments to create a waveform sequence while independently toggling the markers of each waveform segment In this example you learn how to toggle markers while building a waveform sequence If you have not created waveform segments complete the steps in the previous section Creating Waveform Segments on page 100 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Sequences gt Build New Waveform Sequence Press Insert Waveform Highlight the desired waveform segment for example TIONE Press Insert Selected Waveform gt Insert Selected Wavefor
191. rformed using the dual ARB player To modify header information in the dual ARB player the waveform file must be playing in the dual ARB player although you can view the header information in the dual ARB player without playing the file You can reapply saved header settings by reselecting the waveform file for playback When you do this the values from the Saved Header Settings column are applied to the PSG Modifying Header Information All of the same header characteristics shown in Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format on page 90 are valid in the dual ARB player This task guides you through selecting a waveform file and accessing the header for the selected file then refers you back to the aforementioned procedure to perform the modifications 1 Select a waveform a Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Select Waveform b Using the arrow keys highlight the desired waveform file c Press the Select Waveform softkey 2 Play the waveform Press ARB Off On to On 3 Access the header Press ARB Setup gt Header Utilities 4 Refer to Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format to edit the header information e Fora default header read the information in step one on page 90 then perform the remaining steps in the procedure e To modify an existing file header start with step three on page 92 The rest of this section focuses on the additional file header operations found in the dual ARB player Ch
192. ring Files to the Memory Catalog on page 53 During swept RF output the FREQUENCY and AMPLITUDE areas of the signal generator s display are deactivated depending on what is being swept Step sweep see page 32 and ramp sweep see page 34 provide a linear progression through the start to stop frequency and or amplitude values while list sweep enables you to create a list of arbitrary frequency amplitude and dwell time values and sweep the RF output based on that list The list sweep example uses the points created in the step sweep example as the basis for a new list sweep Ramp sweep see page 37 is faster than step or list sweep and is designed to work with an 8757D scalar network analyzer Chapter 2 31 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Using Step Sweep Step sweep provides a linear progression through the start to stop frequency and or amplitude values You can toggle the direction of the sweep up or down When the Sweep Direction Down Up softkey is set to Up values are swept from the start amplitude frequency to the stop amplitude frequency When set to Down values are swept from the stop amplitude frequency to the start amplitude frequency When a step sweep is activated the signal generator sweeps the RF output based on the values entered for RF output start and stop frequencies and amplitudes a number of equally spaced points steps to dwell upon and the amount of dwell time at each point dwe
193. rking with Modulation Types Creating a QPSK I Q Modulation Type User File with the I Q Values Editor In I Q modulation schemes symbols appear in default positions in the I Q plane Using the 1 Q Values editor you can define your own symbol map by changing the position of one or more symbols Use the following procedure to create and store a 4 symbol unbalanced QPSK modulation 1 2 3 Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Modulation Type gt Define User I Q gt More 1 of 2 gt Delete All Rows gt Confirm Delete All Rows This loads a default 4QAM I Q modulation and clears the I Q Values editor Enter the I and Q values listed in the following table Symbol Data Value Q Value 0 0000 0 500000 1 000000 1 0001 0 500000 1 000000 2 0010 0 500000 1 000000 3 0011 0 500000 1 000000 a Press 0 5 gt Enter b Press 1 gt Enter c Enter the remaining I and Q values As the I value updates the highlight moves to the first Q entry and provides a default value of 0 and an empty row of data appears below the first row As the Q value updates the highlight moves to the next I value As you press the numeric keys the numbers display in the active entry area If you make a mistake use the backspace key and retype Also note that 0 000000 appears as the first entry in the list of Distinct Values and that 0 500000 and 1 000000 are listed as the
194. rocedure an external real time data pattern is supplied through DATA DATA CLOCK and SYMBOL SYNC connectors Press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Data gt Ext Connect the real time data to the DATA input Connect the data clock trigger signal to DATA CLOCK input Connect the symbol sync trigger to the SYMBOL SYNC input WPwWN Pe 152 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes Working with Burst Shapes e Configuring the Burst Rise and Fall Parameters on page 154 e Using User Defined Burst Shape Curves on page 155 The Burst Shape menu enables you to modify the rise and fall time rise and fall delay and the burst shape either sine or user file defined In addition you can define the shape of the burst and preview the burst shape through a Rise Shape Editor or restore all of the burst shape parameters back to their original default state Rise time the period of time specified in bits where the burst increases from a minimum of 70 dB 0 to full power 1 Fall time the period of time specified in bits where the burst decreases from full power 1 to a minimum of 70 dB 0 Rise delay the period of time specified in bits that the start of the burst rise is delayed Rise delay can be either negative or positive Entering a delay other than zero shifts the full power point earlier or later than the beginning of the first useful symbol Fall
195. rray with the frequency settings defined in the step array 9 Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm 10 Press RF On Off This activates the RF output and the RF ON annunciator is displayed on the signal generator Perform the User Flatness Correction NOTE If you are not using an Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface you can perform the user flatness correction manually For instructions see Performing the User Flatness Correction Manually below 1 Press More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt Do Cal This creates the user flatness amplitude correction value table entries The signal generator begins the user flatness correction routine and a progress bar is shown on the display Chapter 3 73 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction 2 When prompted press Done This loads the amplitude correction values into the user flatness correction array If desired press Configure Cal Array This opens the user flatness correction array where you can view the list of defined frequencies and their calculated amplitude correction values The user flatness correction array title displays User Flatness UNSTORED indicating that the current user flatness correction array data has not been saved to the memory catalog Performing the User Flatness Correction Manually If you are not using an Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter or if your power meter does n
196. ry catalog specific files can be recalled loaded into the correction array and applied to the RF output to satisfy various RF output flatness requirements 1 Press Load Store 2 Press Store to File 3 Enter the file name FLATCALZ2 using the alphanumeric softkeys and the numeric keypad 4 Press Enter The user flatness correction array file FLATCAL2 is now stored in the memory catalog as a UFLT file Applying the User Flatness Correction Array 1 Press Return gt Return gt Flatness Off On This applies the user flatness correction array to the RF output The UF indicator is activated in the AMPLITUDE section of the signal generator s display and the frequency correction data contained in the correction array is applied to the RF output amplitude of the mm wave source module Recalling and Applying a User Flatness Correction Array Before performing the steps in this section complete the section Creating a User Flatness Correction Array with a mm Wave Source Module on page 69 1 Press Preset 2 Press Amplitude gt More 1 of 2 gt User Flatness gt Configure Cal Array gt More 1 of 2 gt Preset List gt Confirm Preset 3 Press More 2 of 2 gt Load Store 4 Ensure that the file FLATCALZ2 is highlighted 5 Press Load From Selected File gt Confirm Load From File This populates the user flatness correction array with the data contained in the file FLATCAL2 The user flatness correction array t
197. s available from function generator only Triangle triangle wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency Ramp ramp with adjustable amplitude and frequency Square square wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency Noise noise with adjustable amplitude generated as a peak to peak value RMS value is approximately 80 of the displayed value 78 Chapter 4 Analog M odulation Configuring AM Configuring AM In this example you will learn how to generate an amplitude modulated RF carrier To Set the Carrier Frequency 1 Press Preset 2 Press Frequency gt 1340 gt kHz To Set the RF Output Amplitude Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm To Set the AM Depth and Rate 1 Press the AM hardkey 2 Press AM Depth gt 90 gt 3 Press AM Rate gt 10 gt kHz The signal generator is now configured to output a 0 dBm amplitude modulated carrier at 1340 kHz with the AM depth set to 90 and the AM rate set to 10 kHz The shape of the waveform is a sine wave Notice that sine is the default selection for the AM Waveform softkey which can be viewed by pressing More 1 of 2 To Turn on Amplitude M odulation Follow these remaining steps to output the amplitude modulated signal 1 Press the AM Off On softkey to On 2 Press the front panel RF On Off key The AM and RF ON annunciators are now displayed This indicates that you have enabled amplitude modulation and the signal is now being transmitted from the RF OUTPUT connect
198. s the Confirm Exit From Table Without Saving softkey when exiting from the I Q or FSK editor Chapter 7 167 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding 168 Chapter 7 8 Multitone Waveform Generator This chapter describes the Multitone mode which is available only in E8267C PSG vector signal generators This chapter includes the following major sections e Overview on page 170 e Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms on page 171 169 M ultitone Waveform Generator Overview Overview The multitone mode builds a waveform that has up to 64 CW signals or tones Using the Multitone Setup table editor you can define modify and store waveforms for playback Multitone waveforms are generated by the internal I Q baseband generator The multitone waveform generator is typically used for testing the intermodulation distortion characteristics of multi channel devices such as mixers or amplifiers Intermodulation distortion IMD occurs when non linear devices with multiple input frequencies cause unwanted outputs at other frequencies or interfere with adjacent channels The multitone waveform generator supplies a waveform with a user specified number of tones whose IMD products can be measured using a spectrum analyzer and used as a reference when measuring the IMD generated by a device under test Multitone waveforms are created using the internal I Q baseband generator and s
199. s 1 805 gt kHz Press 610 gt Hz oT o o As you modify the frequency deviation values the cursor moves to the next data row An unstored file of frequency deviation values is created for your custom 4 level FSK file 9 Press Load Store gt Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of FSK Files occupying the active entry area press the following keys Edit Keys gt Clear Text 10 Enter a file name for example NEWF SK using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad 11 Press Enter The user defined FSK modulation should now be stored in the Catalog of FSK Files 142 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardware EE Configuring Hardware e To Set the ARB Reference see page 144 To Set a Delayed Positive Polarity External Single Trigger Using this procedure you learn how to utilize an external function generator to apply a delayed single trigger to a custom multicarrier waveform 1 Connect an Agilent 33120A function generator or equivalent to the signal generator PATT TRIGGER IN port as shown in Figure 6 1 Figure 6 1 PATTERN FUNCTION GENERATOR ngooooo0s O 20020008 SIGNAL GENERATOR pk719b On the signal generator press Preset Press Mode gt Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator Press Multicarrier Off On until On is highlighted Press Trigger gt Single Press Trigger gt Trigger Setup gt Trigger Source gt Ext Pre
200. s displays a graphical representation of the waveform s rise and fall characteristics Figure 7 2 FREQUENCY ANPLITUDE 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 um ERT REF ne Burst Shape A Burst Rise Shape Burst Fall Shape U a l u e 0 Time NOTE To return the burst shape to the default conditions press Return gt Return gt Confirm Exit From Table Without Saving gt Restore Default Burst Shape 6 Press Return gt Load Store gt Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of SHAPE Files occupying the active entry area press the following keys Editing Keys gt Clear Text 156 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Burst Shapes 7 Enter a file name for example NEWBURST using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad 8 Press Enter The contents of the current Rise Shape and Fall Shape editors are stored to the Catalog of SHAPE Files This burst shape can now be used to customize a modulation or as a basis for a new burst shape design To Select and Recall a User Defined Burst Shape Curve from the Memory Catalog Once a user defined burst shape file is stored in the Memory Catalog it can be recalled for use with real time I Q baseband generated digital modulation This example requires a user defined burst shape file stored in memory If you have not created and stored a user defined burst shape file complete the steps in the previous sections 1 Press Preset
201. s in Creating Waveform Segments on page 100 If you need to save or load waveform segments see Storing and Loading Waveform Segments on page 103 Selecting the Waveform Segments Use the following steps to define a sequence as one repetition of the two tone waveform segment followed by one repetition of the nine tone multitone waveform segment Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Sequences gt Build New Waveform Sequence gt Insert Waveform Highlight the first waveform segment for example TTONE and press Insert Selected Waveform Highlight the second waveform segment for example MTONE and press Insert Selected Waveform Press Done Inserting PWN Storing the Waveform Sequence Store the sequence under a new name to the Catalog of Seq Files inthe memory catalog 1 Press Name and Store 2 Enter a file name for example TTONE MTONE using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad 3 Press Enter Chapter 5 101 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using the Dual ARB Waveform Player Playing a Waveform You can play a waveform sequence or a waveform segment using this procedure Both waveform types follow the same process This example plays a waveform sequence If you have not created waveform segments and used them to build and store a waveform sequence complete the steps in the previous procedures Creating Waveform Segments on page 100 Building and Storing a Waveform Sequence on page 1
202. ser defined modulation based on the default 4QAM template the I Q Values editor contains data that represent four symbols 00 01 10 and 11 mapped into the I Q plane using two distinct values 1 000000 and 1 000000 These four 160 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding symbols can be differentially encoded during the modulation process by assigning symbol table offset values associated with each data value Figure 7 3 shows the 4QAM modulation in the I Q Values editor Figure 7 3 NOTE 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 om 1 Load Default 1 Q Map Delete All Rows I Q Values Data I Value Distinct Q Value Values 00000000 00000001 00000010 00000011 00000100 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 1 000000 Differential Encoding EA on Conf igure Differential Encoding Offset Q Hi On More 2 of 2 The number of bits per symbol can be expressed using the following formula Because the equation is a ceiling function if the value of x contains a fraction x is rounded up to the next whole number x Log y Where x bits per symbol and y the number of differential states The following illustration shows a 4QAM modulation I Q State Map Chapter 7 2nd Symbol Data 00000001 Distinct values 1 1 3rd Symbol Data 00000010 Distinct values 1 1 1 1 0 Stat
203. siedirheg alee anseg bheeds tebe eed ease eeieeeees 8 TEEN nace hha eke cohen eneeaitie ieee seal ebomieeeduedoaresewed 8 VET 15 coder eeeegenrs oetleweern snide ee Le pay hehe Ges cache E A O 8 ILEXTIINPU 5c kgs aoe seen gene Vion yi on pivne oe irere ease peewee sea RRS 8 12 BAT 2UNPUT paccckeeetae eit sired a shine MOESoheeTiH as sk bese SRS EES 9 1S LE OUTS chan AcGeh cde hnmanee iene OA EEREN RRR 9 Teak E E eens ibe pats E E E E E E E 9 e Ea a E E E E E A A T T T A T TEE 9 Foo RP ONON 2 2b ocedhon caer eaer ia ed eee eh ee a EA 9 17 Nomene Keypad tis ccacpaeet haba bd aw tai E EER E RR ERRER ES 9 VS RF OUTPUT eoriet 6h scGe noe desk LORE EERE EAR EER EAH E GS SAH ERODES RVR RE GES 10 19 SYNC OUT ersaat riitin he eieeh ee heii weds es eared a ees 10 A ADEE erre a ce eeeye eee ETENE EEF ES EEOSE ORS ERER IESS epee ds 10 2 le Eue Povar LE eaaa ee eE tree ERO rE eae sores 10 Aa a e r a T A AT E A AE T TT 10 Zoe ENABLED gic aie Sie app se as hay kA aoe NEEE EEEE ae Ran ow ae 10 ZA WAGE 66 2468 RRR AA EERE RR AEAR REA dee E Ra CERRO 10 2 GCATEIPULSETRIGGER INPUT ci s3 9 ines 255 4h 25S oe RS SALLY REREAD EL ROAD BD 10 Ce ee ee eee ee ee ee ee re Cee ee eee ee ee ce 11 24 OM Lay endeee hl whtgd posh ish Rat Reade Oe key lee A Then LETE E E 11 PA EEEE T A TE E E nis debe A E A EEE E aed 11 29 Display Contiast Decrease x iocc se oeek sauce OU eho eee ES KOE SENOS Eneee EEs 11 Contents alk Display Contrast INCOR back eden tke eks tM nk
204. simultaneous modulation configurations except FM with M or Linear AM with Exponential AM e an internal pulse generator that includes the following selectable pulse modes internal square internal free run internal triggered internal doublet internal gated and external pulse internal triggered internal doublet and internal gated require an external trigger source adjustable pulse rate adjustable pulse period adjustable pulse width adjustable pulse delay selectable external pulse triggering positive or negative e dual function generators that includes the following 50Q low frequency output 0 to 3V available through LF OUTPUT selectable waveforms sine dual sine swept sine triangle positive ramp negative ramp square uniform noise Gaussian noise and dc adjustable frequency modulation rates selectable triggering in list and step sweep modes free run auto trigger key single bus remote and external Chapter 1 3 Signal Generator Overview Options E8267C PSG Vector Signal Generator Features An E8267C PSG vector signal generator provides all the functionality of an E8257C PSG analog signal generator and adds the following features e internal I Q modulator e external analog I Q inputs e single ended and differential analog I Q outputs Options PSG signal generators have hardware firmware software and documentation options The data sheet shipped w
205. splayed on the oscilloscope Chapter 5 107 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers Waveform Marker Concepts The Dual Arb mode of the signal generator has four markers that you can place on a waveform segment Marker 1 and Marker 2 provide auxiliary output signals to the rear panel EVENT 1 and EVENT 2 connectors respectively Markers 3 and 4 are available only for custom programmed waveforms and they provide auxiliary output signals to pins 19 and 18 of the rear panel AUXILIARY I O connector respectively You can construct these output signals as a trigger signal to synchronize another instrument to a given portion of a waveform The following timing diagrams describe the effects of Markers 1 and 2 on the state of the signal at the EVENT 1 and EVENT 2 rear panel connectors NOTE If marker polarity selection is not be available in your version of the firmware marker polarity is always positive Table 5 1 Marker 1 and EVENT 1 Marker File Bit 1 Waveform point n 1 point n 2 point n 3 point n LE Signal At EVENT For Marker Polarity Positive 1 Connector For Marker Polarity Negative Figure 5 10 Positive Marker File EVENT 1 Bit 1 Marker Polarity Negative 108 Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Markers Table 5 2 Marker 2 and EVENT 2 Marker File Bit 2 Waveform point point n 1 point n 2 point n
206. ss Ext Polarity Neg Pos until Pos is highlighted Press Ext Delay Off On until On is highlighted Se oon nw FY DN Press Ext Delay Time gt 100 gt msec The Custom Arb Waveform Generator has been configured to play a single multicarrier waveform 100 milliseconds after it detects a change in TTL state from low to high at the PATT TRIG IN rear panel connector 10 Set the function generator waveform to a 0 1 Hz square wave at an output level of 0 to SV Chapter 6 143 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Configuring Hardware 11 On the signal generator press Mode gt Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator gt Digital Modulation Off On until On is highlighted This generates a waveform with the custom multicarrier state and the display changes to Dig Mod Setup Multicarrier During waveform generation the DIGMOD and I Q annunciators activate and the new custom multicarrier state is stored in volatile ARB memory The waveform should be modulating the RF carrier 12 Press RF On Off The externally single triggered custom multicarrier waveform should be available at the signal generator s RF OUTPUT connector 100 ms after receiving a change in TTL state from low to high at the PATT TRIG IN To Set the ARB Reference Setting for an External or Internal Reference 1 Press Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator gt More 1 of 2 2 Press ARB Reference Ext Int to select either external or internal as the waveform sample clock reference e
207. st Fourier transform A graph displays the fast Fourier transform of the current set of FIR coefficients The signal generator has the capability of graphically displaying the filter in both time and frequency dimensions FFT 0 d B 100 0 Symbol Rate 2 Press Return gt Display Impulse Response A graph shows the impulse response of the current set of FIR coefficients Impulse Response Oversample Ratio L 1 U a 1 u e 0 5 0 Coefficient 31 Press Return gt Load Store gt Store To File The Catalog of FIR Files appears along with the amount of memory available If there is already a file name occupying the active entry area press Edit Keys gt Clear Text Using the alphabetic menu and the numeric keypad enter NEWFIR1 as the file name Press Enter The NEWFIRI file is the first file name listed If you have previously stored other FIR files additional file names are listed below NEWFIR1 The file type is FIR and the size of the file is 260 bytes The amount of memory used is also displayed The number of files that can be saved depends on the size of the files and the amount of memory used Chapter 6 131 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE Load From 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 wn Siete Fue Catalog of FIR Files 260 bytes used 98443211264 bytes free File Name Type Size Nodified NEWF IRA FIR Page Down 132
208. ster number in sequence 1 becomes the active function The signal generator displays either the last register used accompanied by the text in use or if no registers are in use register 00 accompanied by the text available Use the arrow keys to select register 01 4 Press Save Seq 1 Reg 01 This saves this instrument state in sequence 1 register 01 of the instrument state register 5 Press Add Comment to Seq 1 Reg 01 This enables you to add a descriptive comment to sequence register 01 6 Using the alphanumeric softkeys or the knob enter a comment and press Enter 7 Press Edit Comment In Seq 1 Reg 01 If you wish you can now change the descriptive comment for sequence 1 register 01 After making changes to an instrument state you can save it back to a specific register by highlighting that register and pressing Re SAVE Seq n Reg nn 54 Chapter 2 Basic Operation Using Data Storage Functions Recalling an Instrument State Using this procedure you will learn how to recall instrument settings saved to an instrument state register 1 2 Press Preset Press the Recall hardkey Notice that the Select Seq softkey shows sequence 1 This is the last sequence that you used Press RECALL Reg The register to be recalled in sequence 1 becomes the active function Press the up arrow key once to select register 1 Your stored instrument state settings should have been recalled Deleting Registers and Sequences
209. t 11 Press Return gt Sweep gt Freq amp Ampl This sets the step sweep to sweep both frequency and amplitude data Selecting this softkey returns you to the previous menu and turns on the sweep function 12 Press RF On Off The display annunciator changes from RF OFF to RF ON 13 Press Single Sweep A single sweep of the frequencies and amplitudes configured in the step sweep is executed and available at the RF OUTPUT connector On the display the SWEEP annunciator appears for the duration of the sweep and a progress bar shows the progression of the sweep The Single Sweep softkey can also be used to abort a sweep in progress To see the frequencies sweep again press Single Sweep to trigger the sweep To Configure a Continuous Step Sweep Press Sweep Repeat Single Cont This toggles the sweep from single to continuous A continuous repetition of the frequencies and amplitudes configured in the step sweep are now available at the RF OUTPUT connector The SWEEP annunciator appears on the display indicating that the signal generator is sweeping and progression of the sweep is shown by a progress bar Chapter 2 33 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Using List Sweep List sweep enables you to create a list of arbitrary frequency amplitude and dwell time values and sweep the RF output based on the entries in the List Mode Values table Unlike a step sweep that contains linear ascending descending frequ
210. t 1 MHz The OFFS indicator activates The frequency at the RF OUTPUT connector is still 701 MHz Chapter 2 29 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Setting the RF Output Amplitude 1 Preset the signal generator Press Preset The AMPLITUDE area of the display shows the minimum power level of the signal generator This is the normal preset RF output amplitude 2 Turn on the RF output Press RF On Off The display annunciator changes to RF ON At the RF OUTPUT connector the RF signal is output at the minimum power level 3 Change the amplitude to 20 dBm Press Amplitude gt 20 gt dBm The new output power displays in the AMPLITUDE area of the display and in the active entry area Until you press a different front panel function key amplitude remains the active function You can also change the amplitude using the up and down arrow keys or the knob Setting the Amplitude Reference and Amplitude Offset The following procedure sets the RF output power as an amplitude reference to which all other amplitude parameters are relative The amplitude initially shown on the display is 0 dB the power output by the hardware minus the reference power Although the display changes the output power does not change Any subsequent power changes are shown as incremental or decremental to 0 dB 1 Press Preset 2 Set the amplitude to 20 dBm Press Amplitude gt 20 gt dBm 3 Activate the amplitude reference mode
211. t Carrier Setup gt EDGE gt Done 4 Highlight the Freq Offset value 500 000 kHz for the carrier in row 2 and press Edit Item gt 625 gt kHz 5 Highlight the Power value 0 00 dB for the carrier in row 2 and press Edit Item gt 10 gt dB You have a custom 2 carrier EDGE waveform with a carrier at a frequency offset of 625 kHz and a power level of 10 00 dBm 6 Press Return gt Digital Modulation Off On This generates a waveform with the custom multicarrier EDGE state The display changes to Dig Mod Setup Multicarrier Modified During waveform generation the DIGMOD and I Q annunciators appear and the new custom multicarrier EDGE state is stored in volatile memory 7 Set the RF output frequency to 890 01 MHz 8 Set the output amplitude to 10 dBm 9 Press RF On Off The custom multicarrier EDGE waveform is available at the RF OUTPUT connector it does not include bursting or channel coding 10 Press Mode gt Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator where Digital Modulation Off On is the first softkey 11 Press Multicarrier Off On gt Multicarrier Define gt More 1 of 2 gt Load Store gt Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of MDMOD Files occupying the active entry area press Edit Keys gt Clear Text 12 Enter a file name for example EDGEM1 using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad and press Enter The user defined multicarrier digital modulation state is now stored in no
212. t Real Time I Q Baseband gt Modulation Type gt Define User I Q gt More 1 of 2 gt Load Default I Q Map gt QAM gt 4QAM This loads a default 4QAM I Q modulation into the I Q Values editor Press More 2 of 2 Inthe I Q Values editor navigate to Data 00000000 and press Edit Item Press 235702 gt Enter then 235702 gt Enter When you press Enter the first time the I value updates and the highlight moves to the first Q entry The second time the Q value updates and the highlight moves to the following I entry Press Display I Q Map Note that one symbol has moved as shown FREQUENCY 50 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 um EXT REF amp Ei 1 0 State Map I Q States 4 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Modulation Types Creating an FSK Modulation Type User File with the Frequency Values Editor Use this procedure to set the frequency deviation for data 00 01 10 and 11 to configure a user defined FSK modulation 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Modulation Type gt Define User FSK gt More 1 of 2 gt Delete All Rows gt Confirm Delete All Rows This accesses the Frequency Values editor and clears the previous values Press 600 gt Hz Press 1 8 gt kHz Press 600 gt Hz Press 1 8 gt kHz nn PF Ww Each time you enter a value the Data column increments to the next binary number up to a total of 16
213. t amplitude adjustment is limited to 20 to 25 dBm the adjustment range of the ALC circuitry For more information see External Leveling with Option 1E1 Signal Generators on page 63 Observe the coupling factor printed on the directional coupler at the detector port Typically this value is 10 to 20 dB Enter the positive dB value of this coupling factor into the signal generator Press More 1 of 2 gt Ext Detector Coupling Factor gt 16 or the positive representation of the value listed at the detector port of the directional coupler gt dB Leveled output power is now available at the output of the directional coupler NOTE While operating in external leveling mode the signal generator s displayed RF output amplitude is affected by the coupling factor value resulting in a calculated approximation of the actual RF output amplitude To determine the actual RF output amplitude at the point of detection measure the voltage at the external detector output and refer to Figure 3 3 or measure the power directly with a power meter Chapter 3 61 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling Determining the Leveled Output Power Figure 3 3 shows the input power versus output voltage characteristics for typical Agilent Technologies diode detectors Using this chart you can determine the leveled power at the diode detector input by measuring the external detector output voltage You must then add the coupling factor
214. table amplitude and frequency Ramp ramp with adjustable amplitude and frequency Square square wave with adjustable amplitude and frequency Noise noise with adjustable amplitude generated as a peak to peak value RMS value is approximately 80 of the displayed value DC direct current with adjustable amplitude NOTE The LF Out Off On softkey controls the operating state of the LF output However when the LF output source selection is Internal Monitor you have three ways of controlling the output You can use the modulation source AM FM or FM on off key the LF output on off key or the Mod On Off softkey The RF On Off hardkey does not apply to the LF OUTPUT connector Chapter 4 83 Analog Modulation Configuring the LF Output To Configure the LF Output with an Internal Modulation Source In this example the internal FM modulation is the LF output source NOTE Internal modulation Internal Monitor is the default LF output source Configuring the Internal Modulation as the LF Output Source 1 Press Preset Press the FM M hardkey Press FM Dev gt 75 gt kHz Press FM Rate gt 10 gt kHz Press FM Off On wa FF YN You have set up the FM signal with a rate of 10 kHz and 75 kHz of deviation The FM annunciator is activated indicating that you have enabled frequency modulation Configuring the Low Frequency Output 1 Press the LF Out hardkey 2 Press LF Out Amplitude gt 3 gt Vp 3 Press LF Out Off On
215. ted carrier or a multiple modulated carrier waveform e Ifyou want to create a single modulated carrier waveform start by selecting a Digital Modulation Setup from a set of predefined modes setups Once a predefined mode is selected you can modify the Modulation Type the Filter being used the Symbol Rate and the type of Triggering the Data Pattern is random by default This modified setup can then be stored and reused e Ifyou want to create a multiple modulated carrier waveform start by selecting a Multicarrier Setup from a set of predefined modes setups Once a predefined mode is selected you can modify the number of carriers to be created the frequency spacing between each carrier whether the phase offset between each carrier is to be fixed or random and the type of Triggering the Data Pattern is random by default the Filter is set to 40 MHz by default and the Symbol Rate is automatically specified by the selected Modulation Type being used 120 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Predefined Setups M odes Working with Predefined Setups M odes When you select a predefined mode default values for components of the setup including the filter symbol rate and modulation type are automatically specified Selecting a Custom ARB Setup or a Custom Digital M odulation State 1 Preset the signal generator press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator gt Setup Select 3 Sele
216. ter 1 Preset the instrument Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Digital M od Define gt Filter gt Select or Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Filter gt Select gt 3 Select the desired filter If the filter you want is not in the first list press More 1 of 2 Adjusting the Filter Alpha of a Predefined Root Nyquist or Nyquist Filter 1 Preset the instrument Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Digital M od Define gt Filter gt Filter Alpha or Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Filter gt Filter Alpha 3 Enter a new Filter Alpha value and press Enter Adjusting the Bandw idth Bit Time BbT Product of a Predefined Gaussian Filter 1 Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Digital M od Define gt Filter gt Select gt Gaussian or Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Filter gt Select gt Gaussian 2 Press Filter BbT 3 Enter a new Bandwidth Bit Time BbT product filter parameter and press Enter Optimizing a Nyquist or Root Nyquist FIR Filter for EVM or ACP Custom Realtime I Q Baseband only j Preset the instrument Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Real Time I Q Baseband gt Filter gt Optimize FIR For EVM or ACP The FIR filter is now optimized for minimum error vector magnitude EVM or for minimum adjacent channel power ACP This feature applies only to Nyq
217. the ALC circuitry is taken from the external negative detector rather than the internal signal generator detector This feedback voltage controls the ALC system leveling the RF output power at the point of detection To use detectors and couplers splitters for external leveling at an RF output frequency of 10 GHz and an amplitude of 0 dBm follow the instructions in this section Required Equipment e Agilent 8474E negative detector e Agilent 87301D directional coupler e cables and adapters as required Connect the Equipment Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 3 2 Figure 3 2 External Detector Leveling with a Directional Coupler SIGNAL GENERATOR NEGATIVE DETECTOR Leveled Output DIRECTIONAL COUPLER 60 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling Configure the Signal Generator w n o Press Preset Press Frequency gt 10 gt GHz Press Amplitude gt 0 gt dBm Press RF On Off Press Leveling Mode gt Ext Detector This deactivates the internal ALC detector and switches the ALC input path to the front panel ALC INPUT connector The EXT indicator is activated in the AMPLITUDE area of the display NOTE For signal generators with Option 1E1 notice that the ATTN HOLD attenuator hold annunciator is displayed During external leveling the signal generator automatically uncouples the attenuator from the ALC system for all external leveling points While in this mode the RF outpu
218. the Second Waveform 1 Press the Trigger hardkey 2 Observe the second waveform segment in the sequence MTONE is now playing Pressing the Trigger hardkey stops the playback of the first waveform segment and starts the playback of the second waveform segment Pressing the Trigger hardkey again will return the waveform player to the first waveform segment Chapter 5 111 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Using Waveform Clipping Using Waveform Clipping Clipping limits power peaks in waveform segments by clipping the I and Q data to a selected percentage of its highest peak Circular clipping is defined as clipping the composite I Q data I and Q data are equally clipped Rectangular clipping is defined as independently clipping the I and Q data For more information see Waveform Clipping Concepts on page 113 In this section you learn how to clip waveform segments If you have not created waveform segments complete the steps in the previous section Creating Waveform Segments on page 100 To Configure Circular Clipping 1 Press Mode gt Dual ARB gt Waveform Segments Press Load Store to Store Highlight the first waveform segment for example TTONE wm Press Waveform Utilities gt Clipping wa fF YN Press Clip 1 jQ To gt 80 gt gt Apply to Waveform The I and Q data are both clipped by 80 You will see 80 0 displayed below the Clip 1 jQ To softkey To Configure Rectangular Cl
219. the amplitude of all carriers To learn more refer to Multitone Waveform Generator on page 169 e Dual ARB mode is used to control the playback sequence of waveform segments that have been written into the ARB memory located on the internal baseband generator Option 002 602 These waveforms can be generated using the internal baseband generator in Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode or downloaded through a remote interface into the ARB memory To learn more refer to Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator on page 87 Chapter 1 5 Signal Generator Overview Front Panel Front Panel Figure 1 1 shows the E8267C PSG vector signal generator front panel with a list of items called out that enable you to define monitor and manage input and output characteristics The description of each item also applies to both the E8257C PSG analog signal generator and the E8247C PSG CW signal generator front panels Not all items being described are available on every signal generator the list of items that your particular signal generator has is dependent on its model and options Figure 1 1 Front Panel Diagram E8267C PSG Vector Signal Generator 3 oa 6 Save 4 Amplitude 7 Recall 5 Frequency 8 Trigger 9 MENUS 1 Display 2 Softkeys m 10 Help 11 EXT 1 INPUT E8267C Only 33 Q INPUTS 12 EXT 2 INPUT 34 DATA INPUT
220. to determine the leveled output power The range of power adjustment is approximately 20 to 25 dBm Figure 3 3 Typical Diode Detector Response at 25 C 20 dBV 10 dBV e 6 dBV ji OdBV LINEAR ASYMPTOTE 10 dBV 100 mV sQUARE LAW ASYMPTOTE EEE seat dg 30 dBV 10 mV 40 dBV DETECTOR OUTPUT VOLTAGE 1mV 1 mV 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 DETECTOR INPUT POWER dBm 62 Chapter 3 Optimizing Performance Using External Leveling External Leveling with Option 1E1 Signal Generators Signal generators with Option 1E1 contain a step attenuator prior to the RF output connector During external leveling the signal generator automatically holds the present attenuator setting to avoid power transients that may occur during attenuator switching as the RF amplitude is changed A balance must be maintained between the amount of attenuation and the optimum ALC level to achieve the required RF output amplitude For optimum accuracy and minimum noise the ALC level should be greater than 10 dBm For example leveling the CW output of a 30 dB gain amplifier to a level of 10 dBm requires the output of the signal generator to be approximately 40 dBm when leveled This is beyond the amplitude limits of the ALC modulator alone resulting in an unleveled RF output Inserting 45 dB of attenuation results in an ALC level of 5 dBm well within the range of the ALC modulator NOTE In the example above 55 dB is the pre
221. to the source module s preset values and e inthe FREQUENCY and AMPLITUDE areas of the signal generator displays the RF output frequency and amplitude values available at the mm wave source module output Chapter 2 Basic Operation Configuring the RF Output Figure 2 10 Setup for E8267C PSG or E8247C PSG and E8257C PSG with Option 1EA ae SIGNAL MODULE V GENERATOR p ADAPTER MM WAVE SOURCE MODULE If Required Leveled Output The MMMOD indicator in the FREQUENCY area and the MM indicator in the AMPLITUDE area of the signal generator s display indicate that the mm wave source module is active NOTE Refer to the mm wave source module specifications for the specific frequency and amplitude ranges 2 Ifthe RF OFF annunciator is displayed press RF On Off Leveled power should be available at the output of the millimeter wave source module To obtain flatness corrected power refer to Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction on page 64 Chapter 2 49 Basic Operation Modulating a Signal Modulating a Signal This section describes how to turn on a modulation format and how to apply it to the RF output Turning On a Modulation Format A modulation format can be turned on prior to or after setting the signal parameters 1 Access the first menu within the modulation format This menu displays a softkey that associates the format s name with off and on For example AM gt
222. tor TTL compatible input output signal that is used during ramp sweep operation It provides low level nominally OV output during sweep retrace and band cross intervals It provides high level nominally 5V output during the forward portion of sweep Sweep stops when this input output connector is grounded externally 6 Z AXIS BLANK MKRS This female BNC connector Option 007 only supplies a 5V nominal level during retrace and band switch intervals of a step list or ramp sweep During ramp sweep this female BNC connector supplies a 5V nominal level when the RF frequency is at a marker frequency and intensity marker mode is on This connection is most commonly used to interface with an Agilent 8757D scalar network analyzer 7 SWEEP OUT This female BNC connector outputs a voltage proportional to the RF power or frequency sweep ranging from 0 V at the start of sweep and goes to 10 V nominal at the end of sweep regardless of sweep width The output impedance is less than 1Q and can drive a 2 kQ load When connected to an Agilent Technologies 8757D network analyzer it generates a selectable number of equally spaced 1 ms 10 V pulses nominal across a ramp analog sweep The number of pulses can be set from 101 to 1601 by remote control through the 8757D 8 TRIGGER OUT This female BNC connector in step list sweep mode outputs a TTL signal that is high at the start of a dwell sequence or when waiting for a point trigger in
223. tor via GPIB No other controllers are allowed on the GPIB interface Figure 3 5 User Flatness with mm Wave Source M odule for a Signal Generator without Option 1EA SIGNAL GENERATOR POWER METER RF OUTPUT MICROWAVE AMPLIFIER RF OUTPUT MM WAVE SOURCE MODULE SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE Chapter 3 71 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Figure 3 6 User Flatness with mm Wave Source M odule and Option 1EA Signal Generator SIGNAL GENERATOR POWER METER MM WAVE SOURCE MODULE SOURCE MODULE INTERFACE pe920a NOTE To ensure adequate RF amplitude at the mm wave source module RF input when using Option 1EA signal generators maximum amplitude loss through the adapters and cables connected between the signal generator s RF output and the mm wave source module s RF input should be less than 1 5 dB Configure the Signal Generator 1 72 Chapter 3 Turn on the signal generator s line power At power up the signal generator automatically does the following e senses the mm wave source module e switches the signal generator s leveling mode to external source module e sets the mm wave source module frequency and amplitude to the source module s preset values e displays the RF output frequency and amplitude available at the mm wave source module output The MMMOD indicator in the FREQUENCY area and the MM indicator in the AMPLITUDE area of the signal
224. tored in ARB memory for playback Although the multitone mode generates a high quality waveform a small amount of IMD carrier feedthrough and feedthrough related IMD occurs Carrier feedthrough may be observed when an even number of tones are generated since there are no tones at the center carrier frequency to mask the feedthrough To minimize carrier feedthrough for an even numbered multitone signal it is necessary to manually adjust the I and Q offsets while observing the center carrier frequency with a spectrum analyzer For measurements that require more than 64 tones or the absence of IMD and carrier feedthrough you can create up to 1024 distortion free multitone signals using Agilent Technologies Signal Studio software Option 408 NOTE For more information about multitone waveform characteristics and the PSG vector signal generator multitone format download Application Note 1410 from our website by going to www agilent com and searching for AN 1410 in Test amp Measurement 170 Chapter 8 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing M ultitone Waveforms Creating Viewing and Optimizing M ultitone Waveforms This section describes how to set up generate and optimize a multitone waveform while viewing it with a spectrum analyzer Although you can view a generated multitone signal using any spectrum analyzer that has sufficient frequency range an Agilent Technologies PSA high performance spectrum analyzer was
225. tream containing 01010011001010 renders 1111010101111 Differential data encoding can be described by the following equation transmittedbit i databit i 1 databit i For a bit by bit illustration of the encoding process see the following illustration 0101001100101 raw unencoded data l l l l l 1 4 change no change i i 1111010101111 differentially encoded data wl l l 162 Chapter 7 Custom Real Time I Q Baseband Working with Differential Data Encoding How Differential Encoding Works Differential encoding employs offsets in the symbol table to encode user defined modulation schemes The Differential State Map editor is used to introduce symbol table offset values which in turn cause transitions through the I Q State Map based on their associated data value Whenever a data value is modulated the offset value stored in the Differential State Map is used to encode the data by transitioning through the I Q State Map in a direction and distance defined by the symbol table offset value Entering a value of 1 causes a 1 state forward transition through the I Q State Map As an example consider the following data symbol table offset values These symbol table offsets result in one of the transitions shown NOTE The following I Q State Map illustrations show all possible state transitions using a particular symbol table offset value The actual state to state transition de
226. uist and root Nyquist filters the softkey is grayed out when any other filter is selected 126 Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with Filters Restoring Default FIR Filter Parameters 1 Preset the instrument Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt ARB Waveform Generator gt Digital M od Define gt Filter gt Restore Default Filter This replaces the current FIR filter with the default filter for the selected modulation format Using a User Defined FIR Filter FIR filters can be created and modified by defining the FIR coefficients or by defining the oversample ratio number of filter coefficients per symbol to be applied to your own custom FIR filter To Modify Predefined FIR Coefficients for a Gaussian Filter Using the FIR Values Editor You can define from 1 to 32 FIR coefficients where the maximum combination of symbols and oversample ratio is 1024 coefficients While the FIR Values editor allows a maximum filter length of 1024 coefficients the PSG hardware is limited to 64 symbols for real time and 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation the number of symbols equals the number of coefficients divided by the oversample ratio If you enter more than 64 symbols for real time or 512 symbols for arbitrary waveform generation the PSG cannot use the filter it will decimate the filter throw away coefficients until the required condition is met and then use the filter but fine resolution may be lost from t
227. umber of Tones gt 64 gt Enter Press Freq Spacing gt 20 gt kHz Press Initialize Phase Fixed Random to Fixed Press Done Press Apply Multitone Ov GA a Press More 1 of 2 gt Waveform Statistics gt Plot CCDF You should now see a display that is similar to the one shown in Figure 8 7 The CCDF plot displays the peak to average characteristics of the waveform with all phases set to zero Figure 8 7 CCDF Plot with Fixed Phase Set FREQUENCY AMPLITUDE 20 000 000 000 000 sz 135 00 n N TOHE Oe a Ia Ern ON COMPLENENTARG CUMULAT IVE DISTRIBUT ION EFORN AUTOGEN LAVEFO 100 4 377 0 dB R 107 10 0 03 B 1Z 17 02 dB A 12 12 0 00 dB R 0 001 0 00 dg i Peak 17 95 dB I ooz y 0 001 0 PEAK AUG dB 20 0 Peak Power 7 Press Mode Setup gt Initialize Table 8 Press Initialize Phase Fixed Random to Random 9 Press Random Seed Fixed Random to Random Chapter 8 177 Multitone Waveform Generator Creating Viewing and Optimizing Multitone Waveforms 10 Press Done 11 Press Apply Multitone 12 Press More 1 of 2 gt Waveform Statistics gt Plot CCDF You should now see a display that is similar to the one shown in Figure 8 8 The CCDF plot displays the peak to average characteristics of the waveform with randomly generated phases and a random seed The random phase setup simulates the typically random nature of multitone waveforms Notice that randomly distributed
228. upgrades 4 flatness correction See user flatness correction FM 14 80 OM 14 81 FM hardkey 8 FM M hardkey 8 frequency display area 13 hardkey 7 modulation See FM offset 29 ramp sweep 38 reference 29 RF output setting 28 206 Index front panel description 6 16 FSK files 52 modulation 136 141 142 G GATE PULSE TRIGGER INPUT connector 10 Gaussian filter selecting 126 Goto Row softkey 27 GPIB 18 69 H hardkeys 6 11 hardware configuring 143 158 header files ARB waveform 88 98 Help hardkey 8 help mode troubleshooting 197 Hold hardkey 11 IOUT connector 22 T O connector auxiliary 21 V Q 4QAM state map 161 annunciator 14 files 52 input connectors 12 modulation 140 165 scaling adjusting 159 I bar OUT connector 23 IMD See intermodulation distortion Incr Set hardkey 10 Insert Item softkey 27 Insert Row softkey 27 instrument state register comments adding and editing 54 troubleshooting 196 using 54 See also memory catalog interface connectors AUXILIARY INTERFACE 18 GPIB 18 LAN 18 RS 232 18 interface remote 69 Index intermodulation distortion from power peaks 115 testing non linear devices 170 180 K key license 57 keypad numeric 9 keys 6 11 knob front panel 7 L L listener mode annunciator 14 LAN connector 18 LEDs 10 leveling ALC 9 192 external 60 63 internal 59 mm wave source module using 4
229. used together In addition to CW and analog mode all of the following modes are also available to the E8267C PSG vector signal generator e Custom Arb Waveform Generator mode can produce a single modulated carrier or multiple modulated carriers Each modulated carrier waveform must be calculated and generated before it can be output this signal generation occurs on the internal baseband generator Option 002 602 Once a waveform has been created it can be stored and recalled which enables repeatable playback of test signals To learn more refer to Custom Arb Waveform Generator on page 119 e Custom Real Time I Q Baseband mode produces a single carrier but it can be modulated with real time data that allows real time control over all of the parameters that affect the signal The single carrier signal that is produced can be modified by applying various data patterns filters symbol rates modulation types and burst shapes To learn more refer to Custom Real Time I Q Baseband on page 145 e Two Tone mode produces two separate carrier signals without any kind of modulation the frequency spacing between the two carrier signals is adjustable as well as the amplitude of both carriers To learn more refer to Two Tone Waveform Generator on page 179 e Multitone mode produces any number of carrier signals without any kind of modulation like Two Tone mode the frequency spacing between all carrier signals is adjustable as well as
230. uting Alt Ampl Routing RF Blank Routing Mod Attenuation I Q Mod Filter 1 Q Output Filter 5 0000 MHz Negative Positive Positive Positive None None Marker 1 15 000 dB Through Auto 5 0000000 MHz Neg Pos Pos Pos None None Marker 1 15 00 dB Through Auto Edit Description Clear Header Save Setup To Header the two columns Page Up Page Down Page 1 Values differ between the two columns Page 2 _ Edit Description Clear Header Save Setup To Header Page Up Page Down Page 1 Page 2 Values differ between Chapter 5 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Storing Header Information for a Dual ARB Player Waveform Sequence When you create a waveform sequence described on page 101 the PSG automatically creates a default file header which takes priority over the headers for the waveform segments that compose the waveform sequence During a waveform sequence playback the waveform segment headers are ignored except to verify that all required options are installed When you store the waveform sequence its file header is stored with it Modifying and Viewing Header Information in the Dual ARB Player Once a modulation format is turned off the waveform file is available only to the dual ARB player This is also true for downloaded waveform files Because of this future edits to a waveform s header information must be pe
231. ving an Instrument State on page 54 Creating a User Flatness Correction Array with a mm Wave Source Module In this example a user flatness correction array is created to provide flatness corrected power at the output of an Agilent 83554A millimeter wave source module driven by an E8247C signal generator The flatness correction array contains 28 frequency correction pairs amplitude correction values for specified frequencies from 26 5 to 40 GHz in 500 MHz intervals This will result in 28 evenly spaced flatness corrected frequencies between 26 5 GHz and 40 GHz at the output of the 83554A millimeter wave source module An Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter controlled by the signal generator via GPIB and R8486A power sensor are used to measure the RF output amplitude of the millimeter wave source module at the specified correction frequencies and transfer the results to the signal generator The signal generator reads the power level data from the power meter calculates the correction values and stores the correction pairs in the user flatness correction array If you do not have the required Agilent power meter or if your power meter does not have a GPIB interface you can enter correction values manually Chapter 3 69 Optimizing Performance Creating and Applying User Flatness Correction Required Equipment e Agilent 83554A millimeter wave source module e Agilent E4416A 17A 18B 19B power meter e Agilent R8486A power senso
232. waveform generation the DIGMOD and I Q annunciators appear and the custom single carrier digital modulation state is stored in volatile memory Set the RF output frequency to 835 MHz Set the output amplitude to 0 dBm Press RF On Off The user defined NADC signal is now available at the RF OUTPUT connector Press Return gt Return This returns to the top level Digital Modulation menu where Digital M odulation Off On is the first softkey Press Digital M od Define gt Store Custom Dig Mod State gt Store To File If there is already a file name from the Catalog of DMOD Files occupying the active entry area press Edit Keys gt Clear Text Enter a file name for example NADCOPSK using the alpha keys and the numeric keypad Press Enter The user defined single carrier digital modulation state should now be stored in non volatile memory The RF output amplitude frequency and operating state settings are not stored as part of a user defined digital modulation state file Chapter 6 Custom Arb Waveform Generator Working with User Defined Setups M odes Custom Arb Only Customizing a M ulticarrier Setup In this procedure you learn how to customize a predefined multicarrier digital modulation setup by creating a custom 3 carrier EDGE digital modulation state 1 Press Preset 2 Press Mode gt Custom gt Arb Waveform Generator gt M ulticarrier Off On 3 Press Multicarrier Define gt Initialize Table g
233. with default unspecified settings that do not reflect the current signal generator settings for the active modulation To save the settings for the active modulation you must modify the default settings before you save the header information with the waveform file see Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format on page 90 NOTE Each time an ARB modulation format is turned on a new temporary waveform file AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM and file header are generated overwriting the previous temporary file and file header Because all ARB formats use the same file name this happens even if the previous AUTOGEN_WAVEFORM file was created by a different ARB modulation format Chapter 5 89 Dual Arbitrary Waveform Generator Arbitrary ARB Waveform File Headers Modifying Header Information in a Modulation Format This procedure builds on the previous procedure explaining the different areas of a file header and showing how to access modify and save changes to the information In a modulation format you can access a file header only while the modulation format is active on In this procedure we work within the Custom digital modulation format All ARB modulation formats and the dual ARB player access the file header using the same key presses except that for some modulation formats you may have to go to page two of the first level softkey menu 1 From the first level softkey menu shown in Figure 5 1 on

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