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RD4000 Locating System – Contents

1. The sonde radiates a peak field from the centre of its axis with a ghost signal at each end of the peak Move the receiver a little way behind and then in front of the axis of the sonde to detect the ghost Peak signals Finding the two ghost signals positively confirms the locate Reduce the receiver sensitivity to lose the ghost signals but still indicate a clear peak response directly over the sonde Receiver sensitivity is now set for tracing the duct or drain unless the distance between sonde and receiver changes Propel the sonde three paces along the drain or duct and stop Place the receiver over the supposed position of the sonde Do not adjust the sensitivity level 1 Move the receiver backwards and forwards with the blade in line with the sonde and stop when the bargraph indicates a peak 2 Rotate the receiver as if the blade is a pivot Stop when the bargraph indicates a peak 3 Move the receiver from side to side until the bargraph indicates a peak 4 Repeat 1 2 and 3 with the antenna vertical and resting on or just above the ground The receiver should then be directly above the sonde with the antenna in line with it Mark the position of the sonde and its direction 5 Propel the sonde a further three or four paces pinpoint and mark the position Repeat this pinpoint procedure at similar intervals along the line of the drain or duct until the survey is completed Page 56
2. Q If CD reset not successful INFO 13 is displayed indicating that the receiver and transmitter frequencies are not matched or the transmitter connection leads are wrongly connected Check that the receiver display indicates a forward pointing arrow after the reset and phase angle is 0 e Reset the receiver CD reference each time the transmitter is turned off and on or the signal is disconnected and reconnected or when changing from direct connection to a CD clamp e Reset the CD reference at intervals of several kilometres miles tracing distance or when a direction arrow flashes off and on This reset procedure can be carried out near a joint or splice box where the identity of the target line is certain Do not perform a CD reset over a splice box where cables may be looped When locating midway along a long line it may be difficult to define if the transmitter is ahead of or behind the line when resetting the receiver Find a nearby conductor with a visible identity to which the signal has coupled A railway line a continuous metal fence or highway crash barrier are suitable conductors Make a CD locate on the visible line The arrow should point back toward the transmitter Then pinpoint the target line to check that there is a forward pointing arrow on the display e Reset the CD reference after pinpointing the target line e fa nearby line also radiates a transmitter signal pinpoint it and activate the CD feature to establish th
3. RD4000 Locating System User Manual Checking the depth of a sonde Electronic depth measurement Pinpoint the sonde following procedures 1 4 above Adjust sensitivity to bring the bargraph indication on scale Switch the receiver to sonde depth indication Depress the depth measurement key and read the depth on the display Note If the receiver is not set to sonde mode the unit will still work but the depth indication will not be correct i Calculation method 9 Pinpoint the sonde Move the receiver in front of the sonde and still with the antenna in line with it increase sensitivity to find the peak of the ghost signal Move the receiver to behind the sonde ensuring that the receiver blade is always in line with the sonde el Find the null positions A and B Measure the distance between them and multiply by 0 7 to give an approximate depth CT measurement Types and range of sondes Standard sonde The standard sonde combines compact size with a strong signal and is the standard sonde for most applications unless a smaller size greater depth or rugged construction sonde is required J L Radiodetection Page 57 RD4000 Locating System User Manual oo 3 3 m 64mm 212i M10 male i threaded 168mm 6s in studs ij at PD i 318mm Page 58 Super small sonde This is a specialised sonde particularly suitable for no dig applications This
4. RD4000Rx The standard receiver RD4000MRx This has the same features as the standard receiver but with the addition of an Electronic Marker System EMS antenna for locating marker balls Both receivers feature web enabling capability Layout of controls and connectors 1 Display 2 Keypad 3 Gain paddle 4 Receiver blade 5 Accessories housing A Accessory connector B RS232 connector C Headphone socket 6 Battery housing 7 Sounder Notes 1 The accessory connector on the receiver has a different keyway orientation to that of the transmitter This ensures that receiver accessories will only fit the receiver and transmitter accessories will only fit the transmitter 2 For ease of identification all transmitter accessories have 4 pin connectors and all receiver accessories have 8 pin connectors Radiodetection Page 9 RD4000 Locating System User Manual The RD4000 features e LCD display e Ease of operation e Auto backlight e Web enabling capability Transmitters Three transmitters are available e RD4000T3 The entry level transmitter e RD4000T3F This has the same features as the T3 but with FaultFind e RD4000T10 Fully web configurable transmitter RD4000T3 The RD4000T3 features e LED display e Three watt power output e Three locate frequencies e One induction frequency Layout of controls and connectors 1 Sounder 5 External power supply and opt
5. Press the down arrow to select 50 normal Use boost only if the fault is high resistance or if the cable to be surveyed is long Using boost in other circumstances will reduce battery life T Radiodetection Page 39 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Connecting the A frame to the receiver e Plug one end of the connection lead into the A frame socket e Plug the other end into the receiver accessory socket e Switch the receiver on by pressing the on off key The receiver will automatically recognise that an A frame has been connected and the FaultFind screen will be displayed see illustration green red Receiver FF display A frame connected to the RD4000 receiver Bargraph disabled in FF Fault direction indication arrow Measurement units Battery level indicator FaultFind frequency A frame connected indicator 1 2 3 4 5 FaultFind signal strength 6 7 8 Volume level 9 Locate signal gain level Note Both the bargraph and audio output are disabled during FF Page 40 RD4000 Locating System User Manual How to obtain a reference reading 1 Transmitter to Ground stake black connector 2 A frame green spike OAL 3 Receiver facing green spike om 4 Fault 5 Transmitter to cable sheath red connector AA Applying the correct FF signal to the line e Ensure that the transmitter is switched on and is connected to a ground stake e Conn
6. RD4000T3 and RD4000TSF transmitters 32kHz 440Hz Page 16 1 On off key a lt lt Used to switch the transmitter on and off The on off key is also used to select one of two volume levels which are only selectable when switching the transmitter on To select the higher volume when switching on press and release the on off key To select the lower volume when switching on press the on off key for approximately two seconds To change to the higher volume switch the transmitter off and then on Frequency selection key Press to select required frequency pamte QU SzkHz Hadiodetection Down arrow key S A Press to reduce power output level a G 7 Up arrow key Press to increase output power level Power output indication LED s When the up or down arrows are pressed the four LED s illuminate or extinguish in turn to indicate the selected output power level If the demanded output level can be achieved the LED s up to and including the one representing the demanded output level will illuminate and will remain on If the demanded output level cannot be achieved the LED representing the achieved output will illuminate and remain on The LED s between the achieved level and the required level will flash on and off Induction indication LED Indicates that induction mode is selected The induction frequency is indicated by one of the three frequency LED s The illuminated
7. Page 60 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Because of rapid signal loss and a combination of large surface area and very conductive soil there may be problems applying a suitable signal for tracing a large diameter pipe It may be necessary to use a high power low frequency tracing signal It is necessary to define a method of recording target line position and depth before starting work in the boat or on the seabed Transmitter Accessories Clamps The transmitter clamp fits around a pipe or cable and safely applies a signal to a live cable without interrupting or disconnecting the supply The clamp applies a very discriminating signal to a target line with reduced coupling to other lines A clamp can sometimes be a more effective method of applying the signal than direct connection WARNING WHEN CLAMPING AROUND A POWER CABLE ENSURE THAT THE CLAMP IS CONNECTED TO THE TRANSMITTER AT ALL TIMES The clamp may buzz or vibrate if it is placed around a power cable that has significant net current flow This is normal and does not harm the equipment The target line will carry the strongest signal The other lines will carry the weaker return signal If the system comprises only two conductors they may carry equal signals Connecting the clamp e Plug the clamp into the transmitter output socket e Put the clamp around the pipe or cable and ensure that the jaws are closed Switch the
8. The PC or laptop must have Internet access through Microsoft Internet Explorer version 5 5 or later and the Java plug in copies of which are included on the supplied RD4000 training CD Caution Only install Internet Explorer if you feel confident to do so If you are not sure check with your Information Technology IT department or seek assistance from IT professional Note Netscape is not supported in this release but may be supported in later versions Page 12 RD4000 Locating System User Manual How to use the web enabling features e Lift up the dust cover marked RS232 on the receiver or remove the dust cover from the RS232 connector on the T10 transmitter and plug the male end of the supplied RS232 communication lead into the RS232 socket e Plug the female end of the cable into the serial port normally COM 1 of the computer e Switch on the computer and receiver or transmitter access the Internet and in the address bar type http engineering radiodetection com You will also find a link to this site at Radiodetection com Once you are connected to the website follow the on line instructions for using the site Data logging During a survey depth and current can be logged from the RD4000 receiver to an external data logger for later analysis Data is presented to the RS232 socket after the depth button is pressed and after the auto timeout period returns the locator to locate mode T Radiodetection Page 13 R
9. To pinpoint the fault turn the A frame 90 to the cable and FaultFind until the exact point is found where the arrow direction changes The centre line of the A frame is now directly over the fault Mark the ground to show the position of the fault Find the maximum dB reading in front of the fault by pushing the A frame into the ground at small intervals Note the dB reading If the reading is approximately the same as the reference reading you can assume that there is only one fault If the reading is less than the reference reading keep surveying the cable for other faults Replace the bonds between the sheath and ground at each end of the line once the faultfinding survey has been completed Tip If the cable runs under a road use the equipment as normal on the road surface as it can sometimes detect signals when working on blacktop concrete or paved surfaces If necessary try wetting the road surface Pouring a very small amount of water around the bottom of the A frame spikes before each FaultFind will generally ensure a good ground connection Tip If the cable runs under a paved surface the fault can often be pinpointed by fault finding in the grass soil adjacent to the paving Reduce the distance between placing the A frame spikes in the ground to allow for the increased distance to the actual fault position Page 42 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000MRx OPTION The RD4000 M option enables users to locate
10. a stethoscope At times it may not be possible to put a clamp around a cable because of congestion or because of inaccessibility A stethoscope antenna should be used in the place of the clamp to identify cables How to use a stethoscope Plug the stethoscope into the receiver accessory socket Press the concave head against each cable in turn to detect a maximum signal Types of stethoscope Large stethoscope antenna The large stethoscope antenna which plugs into the receiver accessory socket is used for cable identification in situations where the cable is exposed It is particularly useful for identifying heavy cables lying in a tray where it is not possible to fit a clamp The concave detector head on the end of the insulated flexible gooseneck is placed firmly against the cable to be identified If there are a number of cables the stethoscope antenna will give the strongest response from the cable to which the transmitter signal has been applied SF oe Small stethoscope antenna The small stethoscope antenna has a 25mm 1in concave head at the end of a 2m 78 inch lead The small stethoscope can be screwed into an extension rod or used at the end of several extension rods joined together for identifying inaccessible small cables Miniature hi gain stethoscope The miniature stethoscope is similar to the small stethoscope but has no handle or facility for extension rods O 30mm 1 3in The miniature stethoscope can also be u
11. all Electronic Marker System EMS and Omni markers Folding down the special antenna activates the EMS function In EMS mode the receiver can be used to locate a buried conductor and a marker simultaneously or locate markers independently In dual mode the left right arrows indicate the buried conductor position while the bargraph numeric display and audio response indicate the amplitude of the received marker signal The full range of markers as listed below can be located without the need to change to a different antenna EMS markers are available in six frequencies and six different industry colours for all utility applications Application Colour Frequency Power Red 169 8 kHz Water Blue 145 7k Hz Sanitary Green 122 5 kHz Telephone Orange 101 4 kHz Gas Yellow 83 0 kHz Cable TV Orange Black 77 0 kHz The RD4000M option is compatible with 3M and ScotchMark EMS markers Omni markers pegs or any other electronic marker tuned to the accepted frequency Selecting EMS mode e Press the on off key to switch the receiver on e Fold down the EMS antenna The receiver will enter display mode and display the last type of marker that was selected Changing EMS marker type e Press the frequency key to select the marker you wish to locate The abbreviations for each type of marker are displayed as PWR Power H20 Water SAN Sanitary TEL Telephone GAS Gas CTV Cable television L
12. as the standard clamp but is useful in cramped situations where there is insufficient access for the standard clamp The small clamp is suitable for cables up to 5cm 2 inch diameter Current Direction CD and Current Measurement CM clamp The CD CM clamp plugs into the accessory socket of the receiver and enables CD and CM measurements to be made on individual cables Sondes When to use a sonde A sonde transmitter is a small self contained signal transmitter designed for insertion into non metallic ducts drains or sewers so that it may be located and traced with a receiver A wide range of transmitting sondes is available to suit different applications In addition to tracing non metallic pipes and ducts sondes can be used to pinpoint joints in iron gas pipes locate leaks in plastic water pipes and monitor the progress of horizontal boring tools Choosing a suitable sonde Check that the sonde has sufficient range for the application and is dimensionally small enough and sufficiently robust for the application Ensure that the frequency of the sonde corresponds with the receiver frequency as the receiver will not locate the sonde unless the frequencies are the same Sondes are marked with their transmitting frequency Ensure that the means of propelling the sonde is available together with the correct fittings and couplings Radiodetection Page 55 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Preparation Insert a new ba
13. connection graphic on LCD display Direct connection lead External 12 volt supply lead Earth ground stake Carry bag Earth extension lead 2 and 4 clamps Live plug connector CD clamps Live cable connector Operating temperature 20 C to 50 C Storage temperature 40 C to 70 C BS5750 ISO 9001 EN29001 CE Complies with European R amp TTE Directive 1999 5 EC Complies with FCC Rules Part 15 12 months RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000RX Technical Specification Description RD4000 Precision Locator Part No 11 4KRx version 11 4KMRx EMS version Physical Construction High impact thermoplastic weatherproof to NEMA 3R and IP54 Ruggedness Withstands one metre drop onto concrete BS EN 60068 2 Dimensions Approximately 690mm 27 x 280mm 11 x 123 mm 4 8 Weight Standard version 2 8 kg 6lb EMS version 3 2 kg 7lb Locating Depth Guide meters yards Mode Frequency Bandwidth Hz Sensitivity Good Poor 1m Conditions Conditions Power 40 Hz 700 Hz 500 7 5 mA 3 2 Radio 14 kHz 26 kHz 10 000 20 pA 2 1 Active frequencies 8 KHz 100 kHz 10 20 or 40 25 WA 5 2 Active frequencies 100 kHz 200 kHz 10 20 or 40 50 pA 3 2 CD up to 1024 Hz 10 20 or 40 250 uA 5 2 Lf up to 2048 Hz 10 20 or 40 250 WA 5 2 CPS 100 Hz or 120 Hz 10 20 or 40 10mA 3 2 Fault Find via 8 Hz and 8 192 kHz 10 or 20 2 uV 3 2 optional external 1M A frame accessory 10 100 pA Sensitivit
14. depth Verifying a depth measurement Check a suspect or critical depth measurement by lifting the receiver 0 5m 18 inches above the ground and repeating the measurement If the measured depth increases by the same amount it is a good indication that the depth measurement is correct Depth measurement should be accurate to 5 if conditions are suitable However you may not always know if the conditions are suitable so the following techniques should be used to check critical readings e Check that the route of the line is straight for at least five paces to either side of the measurement point e Check that the signal response is reasonably constant over the ten paces length and make depth measurements to either side of the original point e Check that there are no adjacent lines carrying a significant signal within three or four paces of the target line This is the most common source of error of depth measurements as a strong signal coupled to an adjacent line can often introduce 50 error e Make several depth measurements at points slightly displaced from the line s apparent position The shallowest indication will be the most accurate and will also indicate the line s position most accurately Radiodetection Page 31 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Rough depth calibration check This check is a quick and easy way of verifying that the depth reading on the receiver is within acceptable limits It can be used if you ar
15. e Sweep and search 2 Trace q 8 Line tracing can be speeded up by switching the receiver to TEEI null response 10 Move the receiver left and right while walking along the path me of the line to observe the null directly over the line and a u peak response to each side of the line As you move the ma Je i receiver over the line the left and right arrows indicate if the target line is to the left or right of the receiver NU qo wa Periodically switch to peak mode locate the target line and verify its exact position Pinpoint Pinpointing a target line in peak narrow mode defines the exact position of a target line after it has been traced and its position is approximately known Start with medium output power from the transmitter medium frequency on the transmitter and receiver and peak mode on the receiver Set the receiver sensitivity to half scale Note it may be necessary to adjust the sensitivity level throughout the pinpointing to keep the bargraph on scale Radiodetection Page 27 RD4000 Locating System User Manual a With the antenna at right angles to the line make traverses across the line Define the point of maximum response b Without moving the receiver turn it round as if it is on a pivot Stop at the point of maximum response c Hold the receiver vertical with the antenna just above the ground and move the receiver from side to side across the line Stop at the point of m
16. few guidelines are given below e Use high frequencies of 33kHz and above for high resistance lines such as telecom lines pipes with insulated flanges and cast iron pipes Be aware that the higher the frequency the more tendency there is for the signal to couple onto other services Because of capacitance the signal will also be lost over a shorter distance e Use medium frequencies such as 8kHz and 33kHz for general locating of pipes and cables These frequencies will travel quite long distances and will not couple too much onto other services e Low frequencies such as 640Hz or 512Hz should be used for long distance tracing Low frequencies travel long distances without coupling to other lines Low frequencies are also useful to locate long distance well insulated transmission pipelines Transmitter Connection methods Direct connection In this method the transmitter is directly connected to the target line by means of direct connection leads and crocodile type clips By using direct connection the target line can be identified from the application point to the point of interest Direct connection is suitable for use on continuous tracer wire water and gas distribution systems telecom pair power cable sheath qualified personnel only or to a pipeline ata cathodic protection CP test point or other access point Page 46 RD4000 Locating System User Manual A Connecting the leads WARNING Always connect the leads before switching
17. indicates by change in tone or on the display when a satisfactory connection has been made The user and transmitter are fully protected from supply voltages up to 500V DC to 65Hz Positive cable tracing and identification in a domestic house e Connect the red clip to a terminal box connection Remove fuse if necessary e Connect the black clip to an independent ground point outside Radiodetection Page 63 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Street light cable tracing e Connect red clip to the incoming live cable e Connect black clip to the lighting column if metal or to an independent ground point The live cable connector can be used in a similar way to apply a signal directly to cables through live Low Voltage LV isolators such as fuse boxes in industrial sites LOCATING TIPS Eliminating services Induction If several conductors are running parallel and it is not possible to connect a transmitter each line may be located separately Proceed as follows e Perform a sweep of the area to find the position and number of conductors in the area e Map the direction in which the conductors are going To trace the lines e Select induction mode on the transmitter es ae ae e Select the same frequency as on the receiver e Place the transmitter on its side and in line with a conductor e Ensure the conductor is directly below the transmitter e This will null
18. individual cables WARNING The transmitter must only be connected to live services using the appropriate accessory such as a plug connector or live cable connector Plug connector A plug connector applies the transmitter signal to a live domestic socket onto the service cable and the distribution cable in the street The 8kHzZ 33kHz signal is applied between the live and ground conductors on a three pin plug The connector can also be fitted with a 2 pin plug with the signal applied across the live and neutral The plug type must be specified at the time of order Page 62 RD4000 Locating System User Manual When to use a plug connector The plug connector is used when it is necessary to put a signal onto a line to trace it from the domestic plug to the service cable and there is access to a live domestic socket The plug connector applies an 8kHz 33kHz transmitter signal to a live domestic power socket and via the domestic wiring system onto the service cable and the supply cable in the street How to use a plug connector Insert the plug connector to the transmitter accessory socket and fit the plug to a live domestic power socket The socket must be live for signal application Switch on the socket The signal is applied between the live and ground conductors on a three pin plug The connector can also be fitted with a two pin plug with the signal applied across the live and neutral The user and the transmitter are ful
19. retaining clip at the rear of the transmitter see illustration Lift off the transmitter top and place it to one side e Remove the batteries and dispose of them in accordance with local regulations Polarity e Fit the new batteries ensuring that they are placed oo indicators in the tray in the correct polarity orientation refer to illustration The orientation is also marked in the battery housing e Replace the transmitter top onto the battery housing and push down on the carrying handle until the retaining clip clicks into place e Switch the transmitter on If the transmitter does not activate ensure that the batteries are correctly oriented in the battery housing Radiodetection Page 23 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Fitting the rechargeable battery pack Remove the battery pack housing and fit the rechargeable pack complete with batteries onto the transmitter Charging rechargeable batteries The rechargeable pack can be charged with the pack fitted to or removed from the transmitter Charging options Caution If the batteries are being recharged from a vehicle cigarette lighter and the vehicle is being driven rechargeable battery packs must not be recharged whilst attached to transmitter or receiver units Caution When charging batteries from a battery charger always ensure that the battery charger is suitable for the batteries being charged Note When charging batteries for the first time they sh
20. the most certain system to locate a power distribution system in the street Live cable connector WARNING THE LIVE CABLE CONNECTOR IS FOR USE ONLY BY OPERATORS LICENSED OR PERMITTED TO WORK ON LIVE CABLES The live cable connector is used to apply the transmitter signal to a live cable Induction The RD4000T3 T3F and RD4000T10 transmitters contain an antenna that will induce a signal onto a line directly below the transmitter Induction efficiency is poor on deep targets and is useful at depths down to two metres 6 feet The induction signal can be applied without access to the line and is very simple and quick to apply The signal can induce onto nearby lines as well as the target A substantial part of the signal strength is lost in the surrounding soil The receiver should not be used within a minimum of 30 paces from the transmitter and often much further if high power is being used from the transmitter Induction should not be used to apply a signal to a line that is below a metal cover or reinforced concrete rebar as the signal will be shielded by the metal cover and the reinforcing mesh Induction will not apply a signal to a well insulated line unless the line is effectively grounded at each end Positioning the transmitter Position the transmitter over the target pipe or cable with the carrying handle in line with the pipe or cable Induction tips Keeping distance from transmitter In induction mode the transmitter radiates a
21. the signal directly below the transmitter and in addition enable the other conductors to be located e Locate each conductor and mark its position e Move the transmitter down the route and continue locating and marking e Trace each conductor out of the search area until the target line can be accurately located Page 64 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Unwanted signal coupling Unwanted coupling of the signal from the target line to another nearby line is one of the most common location problems It leads either to an error in the marked position and depth of the target line or to marking the wrong line A certain degree of coupling is unavoidable in many situations but there are ways in which a careful user can reduce coupling and increase location reliability Qa Avoid applying the signal by induction The signal may be coupling to more than one line directly from the transmitter Use the signal clamp where possible a Identify points where lines may be bonded or in close proximity to each other Work toward these points rather than away from them For example if gas and water pipes are bonded within a building apply the signal at the valves or access points in the road rather than in the building m Reduce coupling to a parallel line by using a low signal frequency where available m Return signal flowing on another line Use a double ended connection to by pass the ground return if po
22. transmitter on The line should be grounded earthed on each side of the clamp for the signal to transfer to the line Ground the line if necessary An insulated cable may be traced even if it has no actual ground connection providing a reasonable length is buried either side of the clamp to provide capacitive coupling to ground earth Note It is not necessary to make a ground connection from the transmitter when using the clamp Radiodetection Page 61 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Types and range of transmitter clamps Although transmitter and receiver clamps look the same they have different internal windings To prevent the wrong clamp being connected transmitters and receiver clamps have plugs of a different orientation Standard signal clamp The standard clamp applies the transmitter signal very selectively and effectively to a target cable up to 10cm 4 inch diameter at 8 83kHz frequency or up to 75mm 3 inch diameter cable at 512 Hz The standard and small clamps have a double spring action for positive toroidal contact Small signal clamp The small signal clamp is useful for applying an 8 kHz and 33kHz signal to a target cable in a pedestal or other place with limited space The clamp is suitable for cables up to 5cm 2 inch diameter Current Direction CD and Current Measurement CM clamp The CD CM clamp plugged into the accessory socket of the transmitter enables CD and CM signals to be applied to
23. type of sonde has interchangeable battery housings so that the length of the sonde can be altered Shortening the length of the sonde means that fewer batteries can be accommodated and this will affect battery life Sewer sonde This sonde incorporates a very strong housing and makes the sonde suitable for use in municipal sewer systems The sonde has a long life for daily use in all conditions Super sonde A particularly rugged sonde for use in deep sewers FlexiTrace The FlexiTrace is a traceable plastic covered fibreglass rod incorporating wire conductors and is used for locating small diameter non metallic pipes to a depth of to 3 metres 10 feet The FlexiTrace can be inserted into a pipe or duct as small as 12 mm 0 5 inch internal diameter with a minimum bend radius of 250 mm 10 inches Batteries are not required as the FlexiTrace is powered by a compatible RD4000 transmitter The Flexi Trace can be used in two modes Sonde mode or Line mode In Sonde mode only the tip of the FlexiTrace is energised whilst in Line mode its whole length is energised RD4000 Locating System User Manual To use as a sonde connect both transmitter leads to the FlexiTrace stud terminals As the FlexiTrace terminals are not colour code it does not matter which terminals the leads are connected to To use the FlexiTrace in line mode connect the red transmitter lead to a FlexiTrace terminal and ground the black lead Stethoscopes When to use
24. used to apply an easily identified signal to the target line so that the line can be traced identified and accurately located using the receiver A number of application techniques are available for use in different location situations and you must choose the technique that applies the most appropriate signal to the line without the signal coupling to another line Field experience or the trial and error method of working through the application techniques will help you determine the best method of applying the transmitter signal for a given situation Selecting the correct frequency As high frequencies couple best onto other services they are usually used for applying the locate signal in induction mode Note they will couple to everything in the vicinity so induction mode is usually best used as an avoidance technique rather than tracing technique Try to keep the power of the applied signal to the minimum required to do the job Increase the power until a clear signal is located on the line you wish to trace Increasing the power beyond this level will couple more signal to adjacent lines make it more difficult to identify the target line and will drain the batteries on the transmitter unnecessarily Do not connect the transmitter to cables carrying live voltages Always use a signal clamp or plug connector Selecting the correct frequency for the job has an element of trial and error attached to it There can be no hard and fast rules but a
25. using a single ended connect This is because when using a single ended connection ground return signals can often cause confusion by returning to the transmitter along other lines The problem sometimes occurs when return signals appear stronger than on the target line usually because the target line is deeper than the line carrying the return signal or the return path may be a better electrical conductor than the target line Applying a double ended transmitter connection is a useful technique for positively tracing and identifying a target line in a situation such as a heavily congested industrial site provided there are access points at each end of the line Connect the transmitter to an access point on the target line The transmitter ground is connected with a long cable to another access point further along the line A complete circuit is achieved without using ground as a current return path The long cable should be kept as far away as possible from the expected route of the line Making a double ended connection Connect the transmitter to an access point on the target line The transmitter ground is connected with a long cable to another access point further along the line A complete circuit is achieved without using ground as a current return path The long cable should be kept as far away as possible from the expected route of the line Radiodetection supplies 50 metre 54 yard and 200 metre 218 yard extension cables for this pur
26. D4000 Locating System User Manual Display and function keys RD4000 receiver 3 Page 14 1 On off key lt wo aH a The on off key has two functions it switches the receiver on and off and it is used to select the menu Frequency key Press and release the frequency key to select the next frequency Press and hold down the frequency key to scroll through the available frequencies in sequence Release the key when the required frequency is displayed Press to change EMS marker types on the MRx version Gain paddle Increases or decreases the signal strength To reduce signal strength lightly push the paddle anti clockwise to increase the signal strength lightly push the paddle clockwise A bar graph reading of approximately 50 is suitable for most uses The gain paddle has a secondary function of menu scrolling when the menu key is pressed Depth and measurement key When pressed displays depth to target line and the current Also used for data logging when an external data logger is attached Antenna select key Press and release the peak null single key to select the required mode Bargraph Displays signal strength Antenna display Wide single horizontal antenna peak Narrow twin horizontal antenna peak Null single vertical antenna Left right arrows Indicate if the target line is to the left or right of the receiver when the receiver is in null mode Cur
27. LED represents the induction frequency Induction mode is automatically selected if there is not an accessory plugged in to the transmitter FaultFind FF indication RD4000T3F only Indicates that FF mode is selected Frequency indicators Indicate selected frequency Note Frequencies shown are examples only and may not be the same as those on your transmitter RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000T10 transmitter 1 On off and menu select key lt s o a 6 7 o lt 10 Switches the transmitter on off and is used to select transmitter menu Frequency select key Used to select required frequency Measurement unit select key Used to select volts ohms or amps Output power decrease and menu scroll key Press to decrease output power Used to scroll down through menu options and available operating modes when using the menu Output power increase and menu scroll key Press to increase output power Used to scroll up through menu options and available operating modes when using the menu Battery charge level indicator Displays transmitter battery level Output signal indicator Displays a visual indication of demanded output signal The segments of the bargraph up to and including the one representing the demanded output level will be black and remain on The actual current or power output is numerically displayed below the bargraph Numeric di
28. MS 100mA 3 00W Limiting current reduced to 60mA for frequencies less than 1kHz At 45kHz and above the output power is limited to 1W to comply with current legislation Induction Performance Output adjustable in four steps 25 50 75 and 100 At 45kHz and above the output power is limited to 1W to comply with current legislation Batteries 12 off LR20 D Alkaline 1 5V cells gt 8 hours continuous life at maximum output power 3W at 20 C External 12V input socket for external power supply Optional rechargeable pack External Connectors RS232 Accessory outlet Standard accessories e Direct connection lead e External 12 volt supply lead e Earth ground stake Optional accessories e 2 and 4 clamps e Carry bag e Earth extension lead e Live plug connector e Live cable connector Temperature Range Operating temperature 20 C to 50 C Storage temperature 40 C to 70 C Quality Control BS5750 ISO 9001 EN29001 Approvals CE Complies with European R amp TTE Directive 1999 5 EC Complies with FCC Rules Part 15 Warranty 12 months Page 70 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000 T10 Transmitter Technical Specification Description RD4000 T10 Transmitter Part No 11 T10 version Physical Construction High Impact thermoplastic injection moulded case sealed to IP55 excludes all battery tray variants Ruggedness Withstands one metre drop onto concrete BS EN 60068 2 Dimension
29. RD4000 Locating System User Manual Rev 3 October 2002 Radiodetection RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000 Locating System User Manual Table of Contents T Radiodetection RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000 Locating System User Manual FCC CANADIAN AND EUROPEAN SAFETY NOTICES Receiver USA The product complies with the general conditions of operation pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules Caution Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user s authority to operate the product Canada Equipment is for use by trained operators only and not for general household use Usage duration shall be as short as possible to prevent possible radio interference to authorized services especially the 100 kHz Loran C frequency Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause interference and 2 this device must accept any interference including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device Europe Hereby Radiodetection declares that this receiver is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999 5 EC Transmitter RD4000T3 RD4000T3F and RD4000T10 USA This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 thi
30. The receiver will switch back to locating mode CD frequency arrows T Radiodetection Page 35 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Using CD CD reset Why CD reset is necessary As you trace a very long line the signal on the transmitter gradually leaks into the ground by capacitance so the phase angle of the remaining signal gradually changes This is referred to as phase shift and can occur whenever an alternating current signal is flowing in a system of conductors that have a significant capacitance or inductance The relative phase angle between the two frequencies will alter but only over extended distances This can be best illustrated by reference to the illustration below IESITI T 7 ae Ah Be A Ne CD Ne This is a diagram of a buried line with significant capacitance to ground It illustrates the gradual phase shift that occurs along the line The diagram shows a reference point on each waveform At first the reference point occurs right on the peak of a positive half cycle A It gradually moves towards the zero crossing point D and ends up on the peak of a negative half cycle F The direction has shifted from forwards to backwards At the intermediate point D the current flow cannot be determined At this point the CD arrows on the RD4000 receiver will flash on and off In the example shown in the illustration by returning to C which is the last point at which a CD reading was achieved and performing a CD
31. a mains power adaptor with the pack fitted to the receiver or with the pack removed However we recommend that you remove the battery pack from the receiver for recharging particularly in hot ambient conditions This will increase the post charge battery capacity and enhance overall battery life Ideally the battery pack should be charged at an ambient temperature of between 0 C and 30 C To charge the batteries remove the rubber protection cover from the front of the battery pack housing and plug the charger lead supplied into the receiver connector Plug the other end into the vehicle cigarette lighter socket or plug the mains power adaptor contact Radiodetection for adaptor details into an appropriate power supply and switch the power supply on Follow the manufacturer s instructions for operating the charger When charging is finished ensure that you re fit the rubber protection cover Note It is normal for the battery pack to become warm during charging RD4000 Rx Battery Charging LED Indications Under normal charging conditions the battery charge status indicator LED illuminates and is coloured red Once the batteries have finished charging the LED colour changes to green to indicate that charging is complete If the battery pack is completely discharged or has been left in hot ambient temperatures and the batteries have become hot the LED will flash red green as soon as the battery charger is plugged in and may continue to flas
32. abled Switch off the transmitter Remove the power source from the cable Disconnect the transmitter from the cable Remove the battery housing Using a pen press the reset switch ensuring that it clicks when pressed The reset switch is located in the transmitter housing see illustration Replace the battery housing Switch the transmitter on Ensure that the transmitter does not display TRIPPED the power source is not removed from the cable it will not be possible to reset the transmitter T Radiodetection Page 53 RD4000 Locating System User Manual ACCESSORIES Note For ease of identification all transmitter accessories have 4 pin connectors and all receiver accessories have 8 pin connectors Receiver Accessories Receiver accessories include a Headphones d Stethoscopes b Clamps e Submersible antennas for underwater use c Sondes f Accessory A frame Summer headphones and winter headphones Headphones are useful in noisy environments such as that caused by heavy traffic and enable the user to hear the audio response from the receiver Radiodetection headphones are lightweight or heavyweight for use in different climatic conditions Clamps A receiver clamp is used to positively locate and identify a cable when several cables are running close together A target cable can be identified in a chamber on a tray or other access point by fitting a clamp to the receiver and examining each ca
33. ansmitter cannot output more than 30 volts Use the transmitter menu to select HI VOLTS ON 18 Volume level Indicates the volume that the sounder is set to off low mid and high 19 External power supply indicator Indicates that an external power supply is connected to the transmitter RD4000 Locating System User Manual PREPARATION FOR USE RD4000 receiver This section describes the available RD4000 receiver power supply options and gives instructions on fitting replacing and charging batteries The RD4000 receiver is powered by four D size LR20 alkaline batteries or by anoptional rechargeable battery pack Battery tray Internal alkaline batteries The four batteries are housed in a battery tray which slots into the front of the receiver The tray is clearly marked with the correct battery orientation Fitting and replacing alkaline batteries Warning Do not mutilate puncture or dispose of batteries by placing them in a fire The batteries can burst or explode releasing hazardous chemicals Discard used batteries in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions and your local regulations Caution When replacing batteries always ensure that the correct type of batteries is fitted Keep the battery tray dry whilst changing the batteries e To remove the battery pack tray place your fingers under the battery pack release catch and pull the battery pack towards you from the RD4000 housing e Remove the ba
34. aximum response d With the end of the antenna close to the ground repeat b e Repeat c f Mark the position and direction of the line Repeat the steps of the procedure to increase pinpoint accuracy b y 0 Switch to null response mode and move the receiver to find the null position If the position of the peak and the null pinpoints correspond it can be assumed that the pinpoint is precise The pinpoint is not precise if the marks do not correspond but both marks will show an error to the same side True line position will be close to peak position i i Null Peak position position I True position The line lies half as far to the other side of the peak position as the distance between the peak and the null positions Page 28 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Sweep and search There are a number of techniques available for locating unknown lines in an area Use of these techniques is particularly important before digging to ensure that buried lines are not damaged during digging Passive Sweep e Switch the receiver to power mode e Adjust the sensitivity to maximum reduce the sensitivity to keep the bargraph on scale when there is a response e Traverse the area in a grid search at a steady walk and hold the receiver comfortably with the antenna in line with the direction of movement and at right angles to any lines that may be crossed e Stop when the receiver response
35. ble in turn Signal strength response shown on the receiver display should be noted for each cable When to use clamps Clamps can be used where e Several cables or pipes run in close proximity to each other e Acable or pipe is accessible at an inspection hole or manhole Note The standard clamp cannot be used with CM or CD A special CM CD clamp is available Connecting the clamp Put the clamp connector into the accessory socket on the front of the RD4000 Place the clamp around the pipe or cable and switch the receiver on Set the frequency to the same as that on the transmitter Put the clamp around each cable in turn and note the bargraph response Compare the strength of response from each cable The cable with a substantially stronger response than the others will be the cable to which the transmitter signal has been applied Q To ensure that the target cable has been correctly identified reverse the positions of the transmitter and receiver and check that the strongest response is still received from the target cable by the receiver in its new position Page 54 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Types and range of receiver clamps Standard clamp The clamp plugs into the receiver accessory socket and is used for cable identification at points where the cable can be accessed The standard clamp is suitable for cables up to 10cm 4 inch diameter Small clamp The small clamp performs the same function
36. connection may increase the output Radiodetection Page 49 RD4000 Locating System User Manual The power output levels are Direct connection Induction One LED lit 5mA 25 Two LEDs lit 10 mA 50 Three LEDs lit 30 mA 75 Four LEDs lit 100 mA 100 Limiting current reduced to 60mA for frequencies less than 1kHz At 45kHz and above the output power is limited to 1W to comply with current legislation The sounder tone indicates connection quality A lower tone indicates a better connection more output on the line FF mode RD4000T3F only Press the frequency key to select FaultFind The red FF LED and all four output power LED s will illuminate Note In FF mode it is not possible to alter the output power level RD4000T10 OPERATION Switching the transmitter on off Press the on off key once to switch the transmitter on Press the key again to enter the menu mode To switch the unit off press the on off button until the LCD display clears Checking battery level The battery level indicator is situated at the top right hand side of the display and is made up of four segments As the remaining battery life reduces the segments change colour from black to clear to indicate the amount of battery life left When there is one black segment left the Almost Discharged indication will flash and the battery discharge alarm will sound until the battery is discharged Note Ensure that you always have enough batteries available t
37. connector web enabling data logging Accessory socket Headphone socket Standard accessories e RS232 lead Optional accessories Carry bag Sondes 2 and 4 clamps Stethoscopes CD and standard CD clamps Headphones summer and winter Submersible antenna Rechargeable battery pack complete with external 12 volt charging lead A frame Data logger Automatic Accessory Detection The following accessories are automatically identified by the RD4000 receiver when connected to the accessory socket The receiver automatically selects operating mode s as appropriate to the accessory Clamps CD and standard Submersible Antenna Sondes Stethoscopes CD and standard A frame Receiver Options Electronic Marker Ball Detection RD4000MRx Operation Detection of any 1 of 6 marker types buried to a depth of 1 4m Detection of large deep markers to a depth of 3m Bar graph and variable pitch tone to indicate signal strength Manual EMS Gain Control High Low Dedicated Marker Detection Dual Mode Operation Narrow Band Cable Location Null Mode only combined with Marker Ball Detection Marker Types Application Colour Frequency Power Red 169 8 kHz Water Blue 145 7k Hz Sanitary Green 122 5 kHz Telephone Orange 101 4 kHz Gas Yellow 83 0 kHz Cable TV Orange Black 77 0 kHz Compatibility Recommended for use with Radiodetection T3 T3F T10 and PTX 3 transmitters and LMS Also backward compatibl
38. d and the induction mode symbol is displayed There can be two induction frequencies available in the RD4000T10 Use the frequency key to select the induction frequency required Using the V function In locate mode the line output voltage can be measured by pressing and holding down the V key In measure mode DC resistance on the line can be measured by pressing and holding down the V key Measure mode can be used for frequencies up to dc 200KHz on lines up to 30V SELV only To access measure mode and take a resistance reading e Press on off to select the menu and scroll using the down arrow to select Measure e Press on off again to confirm selection e Press and hold down the measurement key to select ohms and take a resistance reading Selecting FF mode e Switch the transmitter on e Ensure the direct connection leads are plugged in e Press the menu key and press the up or down arrow until FaultFind is displayed Radiodetection Page 51 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Selecting high voltages above SELV Safety Extra Low Voltage WARNING With HI VOLTS selected high voltages can be applied to the line In FaultFind mode the transmitter can produce high voltage even with HI VOLTS off The RD4000T10 is capable of outputting more than 30 volts but under normal operation is limited to an output of less than 30 volts When the transmitter is switched on it defaults to HI VOLTS off which means that i
39. dio Indication Volume Adjustable in four levels Mute low med high via user interface menu Indication Tones Connection Quality Sliding Tone from 40 400Hz A lower tone equals more current on line i e better connection Low Battery Connection Quality Tone pulses off 1 second in 5 and alert tone sounded of 6 rapid beeps Error Condition Warning tone Invalid Selection 1 short 200Hz beep Live Cable Warning Alternating Warning Tone sounded whilst cable energised Visual Indication e Custom transflective LCD with automatic backlight LCD displays the following information Line current voltage resistance e Operating mode and frequency Demand Level e Battery External Power status e Audio volume setting e Connection graphic to show how signal applied to target line e Warnings for SELV limited output and live cable Output Protection Output protected from inadvertent connection to 240V AC RMS via user resettable trip LCD display gives user feedback that trip has operated In FF mode the trip will not operate but the unit is still protected against inadvertent connection to 240 V AC Radiodetection Page 71 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Signal Output Continuous sinusoidal output waveform of selected frequency or composite waveform if selected Output pulses off 1 second in 5 synchronised to connection tone to indicate low battery conditions Connection Performance Output Level Open Circui
40. e current direction The arrow will point back toward the transmitter if the signal has coupled to it from the target line Because the cable shields are bonded and the outward CD signal travels over the bond CD is only effective on multiple cable installations as far as the following splice box Using a CD clamp or stethoscope When using either of these accessories it is important to RESET the CD at a known point near the transmitter before making any identification measurements On both the CD CM clamp and the CD stethoscope there is an arrow that indicates which way the clamp or stethoscope is facing in relation to the transmitter If the arrow is pointing away from the transmitter when the CD reset is performed the receiver display shows 000 and the bargraph reads 100 If the arrow is pointing towards the transmitter the receiver display shows 111 and there is no bargraph reading Data logging Using the data logging facility depth and current can be logged and transmitted to an external data logger or Global Positioning System GPS device for later analysis When logging data the external data logger must be connected to the RD4000 receiver as the receiver does not have an internal data log store Connect the data logger to the RD4000 receiver accessory socket by means of an RS232 lead Data is logged by means of the depth button as follows e Press and release the depth button to display the depth e Do not touch any other button for fi
41. e for measuring depth i i because accuracy is questionable due to the passive signal being i i resent on more than one line Pon p Measurement is to the centre of the pipe or cable Depth of cover is necessarily less than the reading possibly critically so on large diameter pipes Precautions Do not make depth measurements near bends or tees in the line Go at least 5 metres 16 feet from a bend for best accuracy To avoid signal distortion do not apply the signal by induction If there is no choice place the transmitter at least 30 paces from the point of any depth measurement Page 30 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Depth measurement will not be accurate if there is audible interference or if part of the transmitter signal has coupled to a nearby line mi hmm a Confirming the peak position coincides with a null position indicates that the position is suitable for making a depth measurement e Pinpoint the target line accurately with the receiver e Check the receiver is directly over the line the antennas are at right angles to it and the receiver is vertical Adjust sensitivity level to bring the bargraph indication on scale B e Press the depth measurement button and read the depth from the receiver display If the ground appears to radiate a strong field perhaps near a radio station check depth by holding the bottom of the antenna 5cm 2in above the ground and subtract this measurement from the indicated
42. e getting inaccurate depth readings from a cable or pipe for which you know the approximate depth Inaccurate depth readings could be the result of the receiver picking up a stronger signal such as another cable or pipe running in close parallel to the target pipe or cable There are two ways of checking the calibration of the receiver in the field Both methods require the use of a transmitter Method 1 Refer to illustration 1 Place the transmitter on top of a non metallic object such as a cardboard box on the ground and away from any buried lines Switch the transmitter on ensuring that no accessories are connected and that the transmitter is in induction mode To reduce the effects of ground coupling the transmitter when it is placed on the box must be more than half a metre 18 inches above the ground Hold the receiver with the blade horizontal and pointing towards the front of the transmitter and approximately five metres 16 feet from the front of the transmitter Switch the receiver on Select the same induction frequency as is selected on the transmitter Select sonde mode on the receiver Refer to illustration 2 Move the receiver from left to right and when the maximum signal is obtained place the receiver on top of a non metallic object such as a cardboard box on the ground Ensure that the blade is horizontal and pointing towards the transmitter To reduce the effects of ground coupling the receiver when it
43. e mode may detect other signal frequencies that are close to the desired frequency Selecting peak mode The RD4000 has two peak mode selections single wide band and twin narrow band antenna modes Single antenna mode provides the most sensitive locate but there is a broadened peak response directly over the cable Twin antenna mode provides a sharp peak response with a corresponding small decrease in sensitivity Page 26 RD4000 Locating System User Manual To select a peak mode e Press and release the on off key to switch the receiver on e Press the antenna select key until the required peak mode is displayed Use wide band if the pipe or cable is too deep to be located using the narrow band antenna Wide band will locate the pipe or cable but will not pinpoint it In wide band it is not possible to take a depth reading Selecting null mode To select null mode e Press and release the on off key to switch the receiver on e Press the antenna select key until null mode is displayed Null mode gives a null response when it is directly over the line The sharp null response is easier to use than the peak response but is vulnerable to interference and should not be used for locating except in areas where there is no interference present In null mode the receiver will indicate line position but not its orientation Locating the cable pipe There are three techniques for locating pipes and cables They are e Trace e Pinpoint
44. e with obsolete Radiodetection transmitters Quality Control BS5750 ISO 9001 EN29001 Approvals C Complies with European R amp TTE Directive 1999 5 EC Complies with FCC Rules Part 15 Warranty 12 months i oo Radiodetection Radiodetection Ltd Western Drive Radiodetection products are under continuous development Bristol BS14 OAZ UK and are subject to change without notice Tel 44 0 117 976 7776 All Rights Reserved Fax 44 0 117 976 7775 email sales ukK radiodetection com http www radiodetection com 90 UGO60EN03 Oct 02
45. ect the A frame to the receiver accessory socket and switch the receiver on e Position the receiver approximately two metres six feet from the ground stake and push the A frame spikes into the ground with the green spike towards the ground stake e Attach the receiver to the A frame by the retention hook If you are holding the receiver separately make sure that the receiver is in line with the A frame and is pointing towards the green spike The fault direction arrow should be pointing away from the ground stake If it is not make sure that the transmitter is connected correctly red connector to the cable and black to the ground stake e Take the dB reading and keep it for reference If there is a single fault on the cable it will be approximately the same dB value as the reference reading Tip To establish how often to take readings on the cable move away from the ground stake and take further readings until the arrow has difficulty in locking and the dB reading is low Measure the distance that the receiver is now away from the ground stake This is the distance that you can safely use between taking readings on the cable to ensure that you do not miss the fault Finding a fault Starting from the transmitter walk along the cable route pushing the gt gt e spikes into the ground with the green spike pointing away from the transmitter Where there are no faults the dB reading will be low and t
46. eiver will increase and the bargraph reading will increase When you go past the marker the volume and bargraph reading will decrease 9 Use the gain paddle to set the receiver sensitivity to low and pinpoint the marker 10 Use the left and right arrows to locate the conductor Note If you cannot locate the marker ensure that you have selected the correct marker type for the marker you are trying to locate Single mode locating Use this mode when locating the marker only For example use single mode when locating markers used with plastic water or gas pipes Proceed as follows 1 2 3 4 Pull down the EMS antenna on the receiver Switch the receiver on Press the frequency key to select the type of marker you are trying to locate 1 2 3 4 Carry out a sweep of the area in which the markers are located to ensure that all markers are located Page 44 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000 receiver information codes The RD4000 incorporates several information codes that are displayed to show that a requested operation can not be performed The information screen will be displayed for approximately five seconds and clear The codes and their meanings are Code Meaning 02 On switch on the receiver could not restore the previous settings This means that when the receiver is switched on it will switch on in its default settings rather than those in which it was last switched off This is not critical as t
47. eration of any cable and pipe locator may be adversely affected when used in close proximity to ferrous materials such as manhole covers and parked cars Keep a two metre six feet distance from these objects when taking critical measurements such as depth and current Standing too close to the receiver if you are wearing steel toe capped boots may also affect the readings WARNING This equipment is NOT approved for use in areas where hazardous gases may be present WARNING When using the RD4000 receiver reduce audio level before using headphones Dispose of batteries in accordance with your Company s work practice and the relevant law or guidelines in your country Caution If the equipment is used in a manner not specified by Radiodetection the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired The RD4000 system is for use by suitably trained operators only Page 8 RD4000 Locating System User Manual SYSTEM INTRODUCTION About this manual Before operating the equipment read this manual first The manual is divided into the following sections e Safety notices e System introduction e Preparation for use e RD4000Rx receiver operation e RD4000MRx receiver option e RD4000T3 RD4000T3F and RD4000T10 transmitter operation e Accessories e Locating tips e Web enabling System overview The RD4000 locating system offers a choice of two receivers and three transmitters These are designated as follows Receivers
48. from RD standard range 440Hz 200kHz factory configurable FaultFind Output RD4000T3F Only FaultFind frequency 8 192kHz 8Hz composite signal compatible with existing Radiodetection fault finding equipment FaultFind Voltage 120V at 8mA maximum Audio Indication Transmitter On 1 second tone at switch on Connection Quality Sliding Tone from 40 400Hz lower tone equals more current on line i e better connection Low Battery Connection Tone pulses off 1 second in 5 Alarm Condition 2 second warning tone Visual Indication Nine LEDs provide feedback of transmitter operation Output Level indicator Four Red LEDs Induction selected One Red LED Frequency Mode selection Four Green LEDs All nine LEDs illuminate for 2 seconds at switch on as a lamp check function Output Protection Output protected from inadvertent connection to 240V AC RMS Radiodetection Page 69 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Signal Output Continuous sinusoidal output waveform of selected frequency or FaultFind composite waveform if selected Output pulses off 1 second in 5 synchronised to connection tone to indicate low battery conditions in normal modes of operation To enable continued locating FaultFind output does not pulse with low batteries Performance Connection Performance Output Level Open Limiting Current Maximum Power Circuit Voltage 1 30V RMS 5mA 0 15W 2 30V RMS 10mA 0 30W 3 30V RMS 30mA 0 90W 4 30V R
49. h for sometime In the case of a hot battery pack the LED will turn red once the battery pack has cooled down indicating that the batteries are charging normally The LED will turn green once charging is finished If the LED is flashing red green because the batteries are completely discharged the LED will continue to flash red green and trickle charge the batteries until they have reached a pre determined charge level The LED will then turn red indicating that the batteries are charging normally The LED will turn green once charging is finished The battery pack can be safely removed from charge at any stage in the charging cycle without affecting the battery life However the batteries will only be partially charged The rechargeable batteries are not replaceable If a fault occurs with the rechargeable battery pack it must be returned to Radiodetection for repair Page 20 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Battery low level warning As the battery level falls the battery indicator black segments will extinguish in turn When only the bottom segment is visible it will start flashing on and off and eventually only the battery outline will be visible The outline will start to flash on and off and BAT will be displayed Shortly after this the receiver will shut off T Radiodetection Page 21 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000T3 RD4000T3F and RD4000T10 Transmitters The power supply options and battery rechargi
50. he diagnostics program Note The self test does not perform a calibration test of the receiver and does not guarantee receiver accuracy Before performing a self test ensure that the receiver is not in an area of interference where other power sources could influence the test result For example do not perform the self test next to a transmitter or computer visual display unit VDU To run the self test proceed as follows e Select menu e Use the gain paddle to select TEST e Press and release the on off key The receiver will perform a self test the test takes approximately 30 seconds At the end of the test pass or fail will be displayed on the LCD e Press and release the on off key to return to locate mode Selecting a frequency e Switch on the unit e Press the frequency key to select the required frequency Note Ensure that the receiver frequency is the same as that set on the transmitter Bandwidth Some frequencies are available in e Narrow bandwidth The frequency mode is made more selective but less responsive e Medium bandwidth The frequency mode has average selectivity and responsiveness e Wide bandwidth This frequency mode is made less selective but more responsive Responsiveness is a measure of how readily the receiver will respond to detecting a signal Selectivity is a measure of the frequency range of signals that can be picked up A selective mode will only detect the desired frequency A less selectiv
51. he direction arrow mi may flicker forward and back a i i Note Flickering arrows may also indicate that you may be too far away from the fault or ground stake or both for the receiver to lock on If you are trying to locate high resistance faults or there is a long distance between faults carry on with the survey and the receiver will lock on when you get closer to the fault Red spike Green spike Fault ahead Fault behind PoON gt i iw Radiodetection Page 41 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Take readings at the survey intervals determined by the reference reading To locate the cable during a FaultFind survey press the peak null antenna button once and the receiver will switch to 8kHz null mode Locate the cable using the normal null mode technique Press the peak null antenna button again to return to FaultFind mode As a fault is approached the FaultFind direction arrow will lock on to the fault signal and point forward and the dB readings will increase When the fault is passed the arrow will point back towards the transmitter Take readings at smaller survey intervals to determine the r exact point of the fault 3 3 3 39 e When the A frame is directly over the fault the dB Of ODODO reading will drop as shown opposite NZ Note The values given are for illustration purposes only and may not be the same as those obtained in other situations
52. he receiver will function normally in all other respects 05 During a depth reading the top antenna signal is greater than the bottom antenna The receiver may be under overhead power cables Take a depth reading in another location 07 While computing the depth a signal has caused one or both antennas to clip thus invalidating the depth reading Repeat the measurement 010 An accessory that is not supported by the current receiver software has been connected to the receiver The receiver requires a software update before the accessory can be used 011 Some intelligent accessories have an identification code that tells the receiver the type of accessory that is connected to the receiver Code 011 indicates that the identification code has been lost Re try the connection If this is unsuccessful the accessory needs re programming 013 ACD reset has been attempted but there is no valid CD signal Try to reset again If unsuccessful ensure the transmitter connections are the correct way round i iw Radiodetection Page 45 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000T3 RD4000T3F AND RD4000T10 TRANSMITTER OPERATION This section gives guidelines on selecting the correct frequency applying the transmitter signal and how to connect a transmitter The principles that are common to all transmitters are explained first and specific information is then given for each transmitter Applying the transmitter signal The transmitter is
53. inates when a key is pressed regardless of the ambient light level The light will stay illuminated for 30 seconds unless further key presses are made in which case it will extinguish 30 seconds after the last key press Radiodetection Page 11 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Web enabling features The RD4000 receivers and RD4000T 10 transmitters are web enabled allowing you to register equipment on line configure the equipment and download frequency and feature upgrades quickly and easily via an Internet connection Note The RD4000T3 and RD4000TSF transmitters are not Web enabled By connecting a transmitter or receiver to a computer and accessing the Radiodetection website you will be able to do the following e Register new equipment e Un register a receiver or transmitter for example if it is sold on e Configure equipment e Purchase and download new features e Perform diagnostics and self test procedures e Check when servicing of a receiver or transmitter is due e Link to the Radiodetection Frequently Asked Questions FAQ page e Change the transmitter or receiver language e Download updated firmware software The Web enabling features are available through the Radiodetection Website at http www radiodetection com PC requirements You will need a personal computer PC or laptop computer running Microsoft Windows 98 Windows 2000 Windows NT or XP and the supplied RS232 communication connection lead
54. ional 2 RS232 connector charging point 3 Accessory connection socket 6 Battery housing release catch 4 LED function indicators RD4000T3F The RD4000TSF is identical to the RD4000 T3 with addition of FaultFind Page 10 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000T10 The RD4000T10 features e LCD display e Ten watt power output e Web enabling capability enabling the features to be upgraded using the dedicated Web site e Multi meter functions for checking integrity of cables before and after fault finding e Upto 16 locate frequencies e One or two induction frequencies e FaultFind as standard e Compatibility with the Radiodetection Pipeline Current Mapper PCM e Compatibility with Absolute Current Identification Multi ACID M e Auto backlight activated when a key is pressed Layout of controls and connectors 1 Sounder 4 LCD display 2 RS232 connector 5 External power supply and optional charging point 3 Accessory connection socket 6 Battery housing release catch Accessories A wide range of RD4000 accessories is available and increases the usefulness and scope of the system Accessories and sondes are described later in the manual Auto backlight The RD4000 receiver features an auto backlight which automatically illuminates the display in poor lighting conditions The backlight cannot be manually switched on or off The T10 transmitter backlight automatically illum
55. is placed on the box must be more than half a metre 18 inches above the ground Press the depth current key on the receiver Using a tape measure measure the distance from the base of the receiver to the centre of the transmitter Compare this reading with the depth reading on the receiver The receiver can be considered accurate if the difference between the depth reading on the receiver and the distance measured with the tape is less than 10 Method 2 Apply a signal to a cable or pipe of known depth Locate the cable or pipe and press the depth key Compare the depth reading on the receiver with the actual depth Page 32 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Taking current readings Using current measurement to aid identification Measuring current value on a line helps confirm the identity of the line and provides information about the condition of cable insulation or pipe coating The principle of current measurement The transmitter applies a signal or current onto a target line The current decreases in strength as the distance from the transmitter increases This rate of decrease depends on the type of line and on soil conditions Regardless of the type of line and the frequency being used the rate of decrease should be regular with no sudden drops or changes Any sudden or abrupt current change indicates that the line or its condition has changed In congested areas where there is more than one line the recei
56. key to select it Menu options are Line Sonde L S Select menu Use the gain paddle to select L S e When L S is displayed press and release the on off key e Use the gain paddle to select either line or sonde e Press and release the on off key to confirm the selection and return the display to locate mode The appropriate line or sonde symbol is displayed on the LCD Note The Line sonde option is not available in all modes Volume VOL 4 There are four volume levels 1 Off 2 Low 3 Mid 4 High To select the required volume e Select menu e Use the gain paddle to select volume VOL e Press and release the on off key e Use the gain paddle to select the required volume level e Press and release the on off key to confirm the selection and return the display to locate mode The selected volume level is displayed on the LCD Radiodetection Page 25 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Test In this mode the receiver performs a functional self test If the unit fails the functional test indication of failure is displayed on the LCD but the receiver is still be able to locate If the receiver fails the self test move the receiver to another area and try the test again If the receiver fails the self test three times note the error message and either e Contact the Radiodetection Technical Support Department for further advice or e Connect the receiver to the Radiodetection Website and run t
57. ly protected from supply voltages up to 300V DC to 65Hz Live cable connector Safety precautions WARNING THE LIVE CABLE CONNECTOR IS TO BE USED ONLY BY OPERATORS LICENSED OR PERMITTED TO WORK ON LIVE CABLES Authorisation The live cable connector applies the transmitter signal to a live cable It must only be used by personnel licensed or permitted to work on live cables and who are trained in the safety precautions related to working on live cables When to use a live cable connector The live cable connector applies an 8kHz 33kHz tracing signal safely to live low voltage cables The live cable connector is used to trace and identify cables and locate simple cable faults by connecting directly to a live conductor at a domestic cut out street lamp junction box or substation low voltage busbar Introduction to the live cable connector The live cable connector consists of a box with a transmitter connection cable at one end and two output cables at the other end One cable terminates in a red connector and the other cable terminates in a black connector The two output connectors each incorporate a 1 amp fuse which can be accessed by screwing the connector head from the connector body How to use a live cable connector Plug the transmitter connection cable into the accessories connector on the transmitter Connect the red connector to the live conductor and connect the black connector to neutral or ground as appropriate The transmitter
58. may be given Patent information Features of this product may be protected by the following granted patents and other pending applications US 5 260 659 US 5 576 973 US 5 920 194 US 6 127 827 US 6 268 731 EP 0 457 809 EP 0 758 457 EP 0 769 153 The Microsoft Windows operating system is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and or other countries CONTACT INFORMATION When reporting any problem to your Radiodetection Dealer Supplier it is important to quote the following Equipment Serial Number On the transmitters the serial number is located on the transmitter side labels On the receiver it is on the front blade label Software Revision Number The software revision number is shown on the display RD4000T10 and RD4000 receiver only for approximately five seconds after the receiver or transmitter is switched on For technical assistance contact Radiodetection Limited Western Drive Bristol BS14 0AZ UK Tel 44 0 117 976 7776 Fax 44 0 117 976 7775 http www radiodetection com Radiodetection Page 7 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Note Radiodetection receivers detect almost all buried cables and most conductors However some cables and conductors do not radiate signals and cannot be detected by Radiodetection receivers Radiodetection receivers do not indicate whether a signal is from a single cable several cables buried side by side or one cable above another The op
59. ned to Radiodetection for repair The rechargeable battery pack can be recharged via a vehicle cigarette lighter of a stationary vehicle or from a mains power adaptor contact Radiodetection for details To charge the battery pack lift the battery pack connector cover and plug the charger lead into the transmitter connector Plug the other end into the vehicle cigarette lighter socket or plug the mains power adaptor into an appropriate power supply and switch the power supply on It takes approximately 8 hours to fully charge the batteries if the transmitter is switched off during charging Note It is normal for the battery pack to become warm during charging Battery charging connector Page 24 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000RX RECEIVER OPERATION Switching on off To switch the receiver on press and release the on off key To switch off the receiver press the on off key until the LCD display clears Checking battery level The battery level indicator is situated at the bottom right hand side of the display and is made up of five black segments that extinguish as the battery life depletes Ensure that you always have enough serviceable batteries available to complete the task ft __ __ mz Menu To select the menu press and release the on off key To cycle through the menu options momentarily flick the gain paddle clockwise or anticlockwise and release it Once an option is displayed press the on off
60. ng methods for the RD4000T3 RD4000T3F and RD4000T10 transmitters are the same Additionally the RD4000T10 transmitter features a graphical display of the recharging status This section describes the available power supply options and gives instructions for fitting replacing and charging batteries Power supply The transmitter can be powered by either e Internal alkaline batteries e A rechargeable battery pack optional e A 12 volt battery supply e A mains operated battery charger eliminator Internal alkaline batteries The transmitter houses 12 D size LR20 alkaline batteries fitted into a battery tray at the base of the transmitter housing The housing incorporates plastic polarity indicators Rechargeable battery pack optional An optional Radiodetection rechargeable battery pack containing 12 Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH batteries is available for the RD4000T3 RD4000T3F and RD4000T10 transmitters and is fully interchangeable with the standard battery pack housing The rechargeable battery pack can be charged from either a 12 volt supply or mains power supply and the transmitter can be operated whilst charging The rechargeable batteries are not user replaceable If a fault occurs with the rechargeable pack it must be returned to Radiodetection for repair Battery pack release catch External 12 volt battery supply The transmitter can be powered by a 12 volt vehicle battery A socket is provided in the battery
61. o complete the task Selecting a frequency in locate mode The frequencies are those chosen by the customer at the time of transmitter purchase If the values of the frequencies require changing when the unit is in service the unit can be re configured by using the web enabling feature does not apply to induction frequencies e Switch on the unit e Press the frequency key to scroll through the available frequencies The selected frequency is displayed Page 50 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Selecting a power output level e Select the required frequency e Press the up arrow key to select a higher output level and press the down arrow to select a lower output level The power output indicator will display a visual indication of achieved output level Output levels for each segment of the indicator are shown in the following table Direct Direct ACID Direct Induction All Locate FaultFind Others NUMBER OF SEGMENTS Outline 10mA 1 bar 30mA 30mA 25 2 bar 60mA 3 bar 100mA 100mA Normal 50 50 4 bar 200mA 5 bar 400mA 400mA 75 6 bar 700mA 7 bar 1A 1A Boost 100 100 Note If the transmitter is outputting less than 10mA the display flashes 10mA to indicate that better connections are required Selecting induction Ensure that there is not an accessory plugged into the transmitter Switch the transmitter on Induction mode is automatically selecte
62. o trace cables feeding illuminated street furniture as well as other street lights WARNING THE LIVE CABLE CONNECTOR IS FOR USE ONLY BY OPERATORS LICENSED OR PERMITTED TO WORK ON LIVE CABLES Radiodetection Page 65 RD4000 Locating System User Manual When the cable is not grounded at the column open the inspection door and connect the live cable connector to the live or neutral conductor The use of a street light column as a means of applying a signal to other power cables on the same electric circuit is a possibility The signal may be weak using this method because it may have travelled some distance back to the sub station and out again on the other system With the receiver used on a high sensitivity setting it is often possible to locate a cable which would otherwise have been difficult or inconvenient to energise with the transmitter signal Finding a good ground point When using a direct connection it is important get the best possible grounding for the transmitter This provides the lowest resistance ground path and the best output signal If it is not possible to use the ground stake the following are examples of good alternative ground points Metal manhole covers Metal drainage grates Metal railings Metal fence posts Oooo Double ended connections Large diameter water pipes and gas distribution pipes that are laid in sections sometimes have insulated joints between the sections and can be difficult to locate
63. ocating EMS markers Dual mode locating Use this mode when locating the marker and conductor simultaneously To locate the conductor the transmitter applies a signal to the cable In EMS marker mode the receiver has two gain levels high and low indicated at the top left of the display The high and low levels are selected using the gain paddle clockwise for high anticlockwise for low The default sensitivity is high The buried conductor signal gain is controlled automatically in this mode and is automatically set to null locate using the left Radiodetection Page 43 RD4000 Locating System User Manual To set up the system for dual locating proceed as follows 1 Connect the transmitter to the conductor 2 Switch the transmitter on and select locate mode 3 Select a standard locating frequency 2 3 4 Switch the receiver on and select the same frequency as that selected the transmitter on 5 Pull down the EMS antenna on the receiver The EMS symbol is displayed 6 Press the frequency key to select the type of marker you are trying to locate 7 7 Press the peak null key to select dual mode The display shows the null symbol and location arrows and the locate frequency is shown in place of the marker type 8 Locate the conductor using the left right arrows as normal but sweep the area either side of the conductor to ensure that all markers are located When a marker is located the volume on the rec
64. ould be charged for 16 hours regardless of any indicated charge state For subsequent charges the batteries can be removed from charge once the green light is illuminated Under normal charging conditions the battery charge status indicator LED illuminates and is coloured red Once the batteries have finished charging the LED colour changes to green to indicate that charging is complete If the battery pack is completely discharged or has been left in hot ambient temperatures and the batteries have become hot the LED will flash red green as soon as the battery charger is plugged in and may continue to flash for sometime In the case of a hot battery pack the LED will turn red once the battery pack has cooled down indicating that the batteries are charging normally The LED will turn green once charging is finished If the LED is flashing red green because the batteries are completely discharged the LED will continue to flash red green and trickle charge the batteries until they have reached a pre determined charge level The LED will then turn red indicating that the batteries are charging normally The LED will turn green once charging is finished The battery pack can be safely removed from charge at any stage in the charging cycle without affecting the battery life However the batteries will only be partially charged The rechargeable batteries are not replaceable If a fault occurs with the rechargeable battery pack it must be retur
65. pack housing for this purpose Mains operated battery charger eliminator Using a mains operated battery charger eliminator enables the transmitter to be used at the same time as the batteries are charging rechargeable batteries only The pack can also be recharged with the pack removed from the transmitter Battery low level warning RD4000T3 and RD4000 T3F There is no battery level indication on the RD4000T3 When the batteries have approximately 30 minutes or less use remaining the speaker tone and transmitter output signal will switch off for one second in every five seconds When the batteries have insufficient charge remaining to ensure correct operation the unit will switch off In FF mode T3F only the output signal will not switch off and on but will continue until the batteries have insufficient charge and the T3F switches off Note Ensure that you always have enough battery charge available to complete the task Page 22 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000T10 As the battery level depletes the battery indicator black segments extinguish in turn When only the bottom segment is visible it starts flashing on and off and eventually only the battery outline is visible The outline starts to flash off for one second and on for four seconds and the sounder emits a warning beep tone every five seconds At this stage the transmitter defaults to one watt maximum power output and 1 WATT scrolls across the top of the di
66. pose This method of applying the transmitter signal is ideal for positive identification of a target line When a connection has been made to two points on the same line the same level of current should be detectable all round the circuit The receiver display should remain constant if the depth of the line does not change Page 66 RD4000 Locating System User Manual TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS The following pages contain the technical specifications for the RD4000 T3 and T3F transmitter RD4000 T10 transmitter and the RD4000 Rx and MRx receivers T Radiodetection Page 67 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Page 68 RD4000 Locating System User Manual RD4000T3 and T3F Transmitters Technical Specification Description RD4000 transmitter Part No 10 T3 version 10 T3F version Physical Construction High Impact thermoplastic injection moulded case sealed to IP55 excludes all battery tray variants Ruggedness Withstands one metre drop onto concrete BS EN 60068 2 Dimensions Approximately 180mm 7 1 D x 350mm 13 78 W x 230mm 9 H Weight Approximately 4 2kg 9 26lb Available Operating Modes Locate mode by Induction Locate Mode by Direct Connection FaultFind Mode by Direct Connection T3F only Available Frequencies 3Hz 1 Induction Frequency from the following 8 192kHz 32 768kHz 65 536kHz 83 000kHz or 200 000kHz factory configurable Up to 3 Direct Connection Frequencies
67. r is supplied with three frequencies and induction mode In addition the RD4000T3F has a FaultFind frequency The frequencies are those chosen by the customer at the time of transmitter purchase If the values of the frequencies require changing when the unit is in service the unit must be returned to Radiodetection for re configuration e To select a frequency ensure that an accessory is plugged into the transmitter The induction mode LED will extinguish e Press the frequency key to select the next available frequency The selected frequency LED will illuminate Further key presses cycle through all available frequencies Selecting induction Switch the transmitter on Induction mode is automatically selected if no accessory is plugged in The induction mode LED illuminates Note You can switch between induction and direct connection modes whilst the transmitter is operating by removing or plugging in an accessory Selecting a power output level induction level e Select the required frequency e Press the up arrow key to select a higher output level and press the down arrow to select a lower output level The LEDs will illuminate to show that the transmitter is supplying the requested signal current A flashing LED indicates that the transmitter cannot supply the requested output but is supplying as much signal current as possible Restricted signal current may be because the connected line has high resistance on it Improving the ground
68. rent direction CD arrows Indicate current direction when an allocated CD frequency is in use and the fault direction when using FaultFind RD4000 Locating System User Manual lt i 10 Line selected indication Displayed when line measurement is selected cmp 11 Sonde indication Displayed when sonde measurement is selected Note The sonde option is not available when using some frequencies 12 Battery level indication Displays receiver battery level 998 13 Numeric display ome Indicates the receiver response to a signal Also provides information from other functions EN ae 14 Selected frequency indication Displays selected frequency 15 Electronic Marker System EMS mode symbol RD4000 MRx option only The EMS symbol is displayed when EMS is selected N 16 Radio mode symbol This symbol is displayed when radio mode is selected 4 17 Power mode symbol This symbol is displayed when power mode is selected Shows volume level off low mid high 4 18 Volume level 19 Accessory indication The symbol is displayed when an accessory is fitted D 20 Fault find mode The symbol is displayed when an A frame is plugged into the accessory socket 88g 21 Numeric display Displays gain setting value PIS 22 CD mode indication i ed The arrows are displayed when the CD frequency is selected i iw Radiodetection Page 15 RD4000 Locating System User Manual
69. reset the response at C will be equivalent to that of A In most cases the phase angle shift does not occur until many miles kilometres from the transmitter and in some cases a CD rest may only be required every 20 kilometres 14 miles When to perform a CD reset After connecting the transmitter signal trace the target line about 15 metres 16 yards away from the transmitter and with the transmitter behind you perform a CD reset If the CD arrow flashes on and off return to the last point at which a good CD reading was achieved and perform a CD reset Check the phase angle reading on the receiver If it is near 0 and the arrow has stopped flashing the CD reset has been successful If the arrow is still flashing it could be a sign of a weak transmitter signal possibly caused by the transmitter signal leaking onto another line In any case the cause of the weak signal should be investigated To perform a CD reset proceed as follows e Pinpoint the line by holding the receiver facing forward with its foot on the ground and the transmitter behind you e Press menu the phase angle in degrees is displayed In the bottom left corner of the screen the word RESET will also be displayed e Press any key other than menu key to return to CD locate without performing a reset or Press menu again to perform a CD reset Page 36 RD4000 Locating System User Manual a If CD reset is successful the screen returns to the normal locate screen
70. rises to indicate the presence of a line Pinpoint the line and mark its position Trace the line out of the area being searched Resume grid search in the area In some areas there may be a confusing amount of 50 60Hz power signals Lift the receiver 5cm 2in from the ground and continue the sweep Switch the receiver to Radio if the receiver has a radio detect mode Increase sensitivity to maximum and repeat the above grid search procedure over the area pinpointing marking and tracing out any lines that are located In most but not all areas radio mode will locate lines that do not radiate power signals and a grid search should be made in both power and radio modes Sweep and search inductive search An inductive search procedure is the most certain technique for locating unknown lines This type of search requires a transmitter and receiver and two people This type of search is referred to as a two person sweep Before starting the sweep define the area of search and the probable direction of lines crossing the area The transmitter is switched on in induction mode The first person operates the transmitter and the second person operates the receiver The transmitter induces a signal onto lines as it passes over them and the lines are then detected with the receiver 20 paces upstream or downstream of the transmitter Hold the transmitter with its length aligned with the assumed direction of any lines The second pe
71. rson holds the receiver at the start of the area to be searched and with the receiver antennas at right angles to the probable direction of the buried lines Set the receiver sensitivity level as high as possible without the receiver picking up any airborne signal directly from the transmitter When the transmitter and receiver are in line both operators start to move forward in parallel The operator with the receiver sweeps it backwards and forwards keeping the receiver vertical as he proceeds in parallel with the transmitter This method allows for misalignment of the transmitter receiver and buried line Radiodetection Page 29 RD4000 Locating System User Manual The transmitter applies its signal most strongly to the lines directly below it which are then located with the receiver Move the transmitter from side to side to establish the highest signal which indicates that the transmitter is also directly above the line s Mark the ground at the point of each peak signal detected with the receiver Repeat the search along any other possible paths of lines Once the positions of any lines have been marked reverse positions place the transmitter over and along each line in turn and trace the line out of the search area Taking depth readings Electronic depth measurement to a line is possible down to depths O of 3m 10ft when the line has been energized with the transmitter signal Passive signals on lines are not suitabl
72. s the transmitter will not necessarily switch off If a fatal error occurs the transmitter will switch off 10 seconds after the fatal error code is displayed If ERR or FATAL ERR is displayed perform the following procedure 1 Inthe case of an error code switch the transmitter off and then on again If a fatal error is displayed and the transmitter has switched itself off switch it on again If the error code is not displayed download the current configuration see 2 as the transmitter may have defaulted to its basic configuration 2 If the error code is still displayed use the web enabling feature to download the transmitter current configuration 3 Switch the transmitter on again 4 Ifthe error code is still displayed or the transmitter keeps switching itself off contact Radiodetection for further advice Page 52 RD4000 Locating System User Manual T10 TRANSMITTER TRIP SWITCH Note This feature and procedure apply only to some models Other models do not have this feature fitted If the transmitter is being used to generate a signal on a mains power cable and the power supply is accidentally switched on the transmitter will sense that power has been applied and will operate the trip circuit to protect the transmitter from damage If this happens TRIPPED will be displayed on the screen and a To reset the transmitter proceed as follows 1 2 3 4 5 D If Il transmitter functions will be dis
73. s Approximately 180mm 7 1 D x 350mm 13 78 W x 230mm 9 H Weight 4 3kg 9 5Ib Operating Modes Locate mode by Induction FaultFind Mode by Direct Connection Locate Mode by Direct Connection Optional ACID M Mode by Direct Connection Measure Mode DVM AVO operation Optional Pipeline Mode by Direct Connection Connected accessory is identified automatically and available modes frequencies are set Power restrictions for connected accessory are also set automatically If no accessory is plugged in the unit defaults to induction mode Available Frequencies 3Hz Up to 2 Induction Frequencies from 8 192kHz 32 768kHz and 65 536kHz or two from 65 536kHz 83 000kHz and 200 000kHz factory configurable Other Modes Up to 16 direct connect frequencies CD up to 14 CD pairs may be used per accessory Frequency configuration is factory dealer configured but can be user modified by use of the RD Web based configuration tool Induction frequencies must be specified at time of order as they are factory configured Note Not all frequencies are available for all modes and accessories some accessories will place restrictions upon the band of frequency available for use e g signal clamps FaultFind Output FaultFind Frequency 8 192kHz 8Hz composite signal compatible with existing Radiodetection fault finding equipment other FaultFind locate frequencies may be available at a later date FaultFind Voltage 120VRMS at 8mA maximum Au
74. s device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation Caution Changes or modifications not expressly approved by Radiodetection could void the user s authority to operate the product Canada Equipment is for use by trained operators only and not for general household use Usage duration shall be as short as possible to prevent possible radio interference to authorized services especially the 100 kHz Loran C frequency Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause interference and 2 this device must accept any interference that may cause undesired operation of the device Page 6 RD4000 Locating System User Manual The carrier frequency and the RF output power are as follows Frequency band Peak output power 9kHz to lt 45kHz 10W RD4000T10 3W RD4000T3 and RD4000T3F 45kHz to 490kHz 1W Europe Hereby Radiodetection declares that this transmitter complies with the essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive 1999 5 EC Warnings Cautions and Notes A WARNING Warnings are given where a procedure can cause personal injury if not carried out correctly Caution Cautions are given where a procedure can cause damage to equipment if not carried out correctly Notes Notes are used to give supplementary information and useful tips Read the warning or caution information carefully and follow any instructions that
75. s suspect sweep the area to check if other nearby lines are radiating the signal If other signals are causing interference it may be necessary to make the current measurement at another point along the line Both antennas are needed to make a current measurement and receiver accessory antennas such as a normal clamp or stethoscope cannot be used Because current measurement is a function of depth it is only available in the locating modes It is also available with Current Direction CD clamps Current direction CD Understanding CD Current direction recognition is a feature that helps to positively identify a line at points distant from the application of the signal It is highly desirable if not essential for positive identification of long distance lines These lines can be traced and positively identified through congested areas or when running parallel to other lines The CD feature on the RD400 receiver indicates the direction of the current flow on a line Identity of the target line is established if the receiver display indicates that the current is flowing forward and away from the point of application of the transmitter signal Signal that has coupled onto adjacent lines finds a return path to the point of the original signal application This is indicated by the receiver arrow pointing back towards the transmitter This is in contrast to the forward pointing arrow indicating the target line The CD transmitter signal mu
76. sed as a miniature antenna for locations where the bulk of the receiver makes it inconvenient for use such as locating pipes or cables in walls CD stethoscope In restricted areas the CD stethoscope can be used to obtain current direction but not current measurement i iw Radiodetection Page 59 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Submersible double depth antenna When to use the submersible double depth antenna Tracing buried pipes and cables across waterways and estuaries are frequent and critical locating applications Less frequent but equally important is tracing and locating lines between the mainland and offshore islands When locating pipes and cables the receiver sensing antennas should be as close as possible to the target line so it is not practical to locate lines buried under a river or seabed from the surface In most cases it is necessary to measure the depth of cover to ensure the line is protected from dragging anchors or other underwater hazards The submersible double depth antenna is suitable for use under water for tracing pipes or cables There is a weight at the bottom of the antenna for stability and the unit has been pressure tested to IP68 to a depth of 100m The antenna is supplied with 10m of submersible marine umbilical cable as standard but lengths of up to 100m can be supplied The extra length enables the antenna to be carried by a diver on a riverbed or seabed while the receiver is used in a s
77. signal into the atmosphere as well as onto the line and this may cause fl al problems when trying to work close to the transmitter To ea check that the receiver is locating the line rather than Dies ea min 30 pac picking up the transmitter signal directly move the transmitter a pace or two to one side If the line appears to move too it indicates that the receiver is too close to the transmitter Another method of determining if the receiver is picking up the transmitter signal is to point the receiver directly at the transmitter Page 48 RD4000 Locating System User Manual If the receiver bargraph response is the same or increases it indicates that the receiver is picking up airborne signals In either case reduce the transmitter power and reduce the receiver sensitivity It may also be necessary to move the receiver as much as 25 or 30 paces from the transmitter Do not place the transmitter on a manhole cover as this prevents the signal from reaching the line RD4000T3 AND RD4000T3F OPERATION Switching the transmitter on off To switch the transmitter on press and release the on off key To switch the transmitter off press the on off key until the LEDs go off Holding down the on off key for 2 3 seconds while switching on the transmitter reduces the transmitter volume level Depending on the model the volume is either reduced or set to zero Selecting a frequency direct connection The RD4000T3 transmitte
78. splay Displays measurement value and measurement units Live cable warning indication Flashes on and off if there are more than 30 volts on the line Measurement units Amps volts ohms Displays the selected measurement in use In locate mode the output current reading is displayed but pressing the amps volts ohms key displays the voltage reading for as long as the key is pressed To read ohms first select MEASURE The measurement is displayed in volts To read ohms press the amps volts ohms key The ohms reading is displayed for as long as the key is pressed 11 Induction mode indication Indication that induction mode is selected 12 Transmitter indication Is displayed the whole time the transmitter is switched on Radiodetection Page 17 Page 18 RD4000 Locating System User Manual 13 Clamp connected indicator Symbol is displayed when a clamp is connected to the transmitter 14 Direct connection indication Shows that the transmitter is connected to the line by direct connection 15 Text display Displays operating mode frequency submode and menus alarms Also scrolls the text HI POWER from right to left when the transmitter is generating more than 5 watts 16 Numeric indicator Displays output frequency 17 HI VOLTS warning indicator Indicates that the transmitter is capable of outputting more than 30 volts When switched on the transmitter has HI VOLTS set to OFF and the tr
79. splay If the batteries are not changed or recharged at this point the unit will eventually switch off The locate signal also pulses on and off at the same rate except when using PPL FF A C ID and PCM modes When using these modes the locate signal continues without pulsing until the batteries are completely flat RD4000T10 battery life consumption Using the T10 transmitter at its higher power output levels increases battery consumption To indicate when high power is being used HI POWER scrolls from right to left across the top of the screen whenever the transmitter is generating more than 5 watts output power If possible reduce power below 5 watts output to conserve battery life Fitting and replacing transmitter batteries Warning Do not mutilate puncture or dispose of batteries by placing them in a fire The batteries can burst or explode releasing hazardous chemicals Discard used batteries in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions and your local regulations Caution When replacing batteries always ensure that the correct type of batteries are fitted Keep the battery tray dry whilst changing the batteries Alkaline batteries Always fit or replace batteries as a set If the T10 transmitter batteries are not replaced as a set the battery level indicator will not give a reliable indication of battery level e To remove the battery housing place the transmitter on a level surface and push down the battery housing
80. ssible m Choose a signal application point where the line is furthest from other lines and not a congested area m When using single ended connection site the ground stake as far from the target line as possible and away from other buried lines m Avoid using existing structures for ground connections other buried lines may be bonded to them A bad ground connection or just laying the ground lead on the surface at right angles to the line may result in less coupling than a good ground provided long distance tracing is not required Manhole cover as ground Sometimes when locating it is not possible to insert the ground stake into the earth for example when locating on hard ground such as roads In this case the ground return can be made by attaching the ground lead to the metal frame of a manhole Using lighting columns Direct connecting to a metal street lamp column is almost as effective as connecting to the cable sheath itself Normally the cable sheath is bonded to the metal column therefore a simple connection onto the column enables the user to locate the street lighting quickly and safely without having to call out a technician from the lighting company If the lighting column is made from concrete make the transmitter connection to the cable sheath unless the cable is earthed to the inspection doorframe Connection to the cable sheath applies the transmitter signal for a considerable distance enabling the receiver t
81. st be directly coupled to the target line and with a remote ground connection It cannot be applied by normal clamp or induction but can be applied with a transmitter CD clamp Page 34 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Using Current Direction CD to aid identification The RD4000 receiver and RD4000T10 transmitters can be supplied with CD frequencies already installed or they can be purchased over the Internet by using the web enabling feature The RD4000T3 and T3F transmitters do not support the CD feature Note The transmitter and receiver must both have the same CD frequency or frequencies installed to enable the feature to be used If you have more than one CD frequency installed ensure that the transmitter and receiver are both set to the same CD frequency To select the CD frequency proceed as follows RD4000T10 transmitter e Connect the transmitter to the conductor to be located either by direct connection or by the use of a CD clamp e Switch the transmitter on e Select Locate mode e Press the frequency key until the CD frequency is displayed CD plus frequency CD is a combination of two frequencies a CD frequency and a locate frequency The transmitter display will show CD and alternately display the two frequencies RD4000 receiver e Switch the receiver on e Press the frequency key until the CD frequency is displayed indicated by the two small arrows above the frequency value see illustration opposite e
82. t Voltage Limiting Current Maximum Power 1 30V 50V RMS 10mA 0 50W 2 30V 50V RMS 30mA 1 50W 3 30V 50V RMS 60mA 3 00W 4 30V 50V RMS 100mA 5 00W 5 30V 50V RMS 200mA 10 00W 6 30V 50V RMS 400mA 10 00W 7 30V 50V RMS 700mA 10 00W 8 30V 50V RMS 1A 10 00W Voltage can be increased from default 30V to 50V by menu selection Voltage defaults to back to 30V each time unit is turned on Output power maximum 10W display shows HI POWER when output power greater than 5W This allows user to maximise battery life if 10W maximum output power is not required At 45kHz and above the output power is limited to 1W to comply with current legislation Induction Performance Batteries 12 off LR20 D Battery Life Output adjustable in four steps 25 50 75 and 100 At 45kHz and above the output power is limited to 1W to comply with current legislation Alkaline 1 5V cells Optional High Capacity Rechargeable battery pack External Connectors Accessories Standard accessories Optional accessories Temperature Range Quality Control Approvals Warranty Page 72 Power output Battery life alkaline cells at 20 C and continuous use 10W gt 4 hours 5W gt 15 hours 1W gt 24 hours RS232 Accessory outlet Accessories are automatically identified by the RD4000T10 when connected The transmitter automatically selects mode and power frequency limits based upon accessory fitted and updates
83. t is not possible for the transmitter to supply more than 30 volts To allow more than 30 volts to be applied proceed as follows e Switch the transmitter on e Press the on off key to select menu e Press the up arrow to select HI VOLTS e Press the menu key e Press the up arrow to select HI VOLTS ON e Press the menu key to confirm selection The HI VOLTS icon number 1 on illustration is displayed If there are more than 30 volts on the line the second HI VOLTS symbol number 2 on illustration flashes on and off Connection using a signal clamp e Plug the clamp into the accessory socket e Switch the transmitter on The clamp symbol is displayed Using the web enabling features Lift up the transmitter RS232 dust cover and plug the male end of the supplied RS232 communication lead into the RS232 socket Plug the female end of the cable into the computer serial port normally COM 1 Switch on the computer and transmitter access the Internet and in the address bar type http engineering radiodetection com You will also find a link to this site at Radiodetection com Once you are connected to the website follow the on line instructions for using the site Transmitter error codes Error codes are displayed to inform you that the software has failed in some way Error codes are displayed as either ERR error or FATAL ERR fatal error followed by a number between 1 and 23 If an error occur
84. the transmitter on Do not touch the lead ends with the transmitter switched on but not connected to the earth stake WARNING Before inserting a ground stake carry out a passive sweep of the area to ensure there are no buried cables where you are going to insert the ground stake e Plug the one end of the direct connection lead into the transmitter accessory socket and connect the red lead to the target line e Push a ground stake into the ground and clip the black ground lead to it If possible position the ground stake four or five paces away from the transmitter and preferably at right angles to the probable route of the target line Do not attach the ground lead to a water pipe or other buried line which would then carry the transmitter signal Use the receiver passive mode to check that there are no lines buried between the ground stake and transmitter as they could pick up the signal and confuse the locate survey Switch the transmitter on only after direct connection and ground connection have been made Adjusting the signal current level e Select the required frequency e Press the up and down arrows to select the required output The optimum output power level for a particular set of circumstances is best found by experience and trial and error Confirming a good connection A tone change from the transmitter sounder indicates a good connection and that a strong signal has been applied to the target line The lower the tone the be
85. tter the connection will be Check there is a change in tone by switching the transmitter on with the lead connected and disconnected If there is no tone change try wetting the area around the bottom of the ground stake Transmitter clamps Transmitter clamps are used to apply the transmitter signal to a cable or pipe without interrupting the supply and with reduced coupling The clamp is easy to apply but the signal may not travel as far as if it was applied by direct connection When using a clamp it is best if the target line is grounded at each end It is not necessary to make a ground connection from the transmitter when using a clamp but the line should be grounded on each side of the clamp for the signal to transfer to the line i iw Radiodetection Page 47 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Connecting a transmitter clamp e Plug the clamp connector into the transmitter accessory socket e Close the clamp around the pipe or cable making sure the jaws are closed e Switch the transmitter on e Select required frequency and output power level Plug connector The plug connector applies the transmitter signal to a live domestic power socket and via the domestic wiring system onto the service cable and the supply cable in the street The signal should be detectable on the supply system a few hundred paces each side of the point of application If access can be gained to the premises to apply the plug connector this is
86. tteries and dispose of them in accordance with local regulations e Fit new batteries in accordance with the polarity diagram in the battery housing e Insert the battery pack tray into the RD4000 battery pack housing and push the battery pack tray until it clicks into the housing e Switch the receiver on If the display does not illuminate ensure that the batteries are correctly oriented Note To ensure maximum performance from the RD4000 receiver always replace the batteries as a set Rechargeable battery pack The rechargeable battery pack is an interchangeable replacement for the standard battery pack and is supplied complete with four Nickel Metal Hydride NiMH rechargeable batteries Fitting the rechargeable pack Remove the standard battery housing and fit the rechargeable pack housing complete with rechargeable batteries Radiodetection Page 19 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Charging rechargeable batteries Caution If the batteries are being recharged from a vehicle cigarette lighter and the vehicle is being driven the battery packs must be removed from the transmitter or receiver whilst charging takes place Do not use the receiver while the battery pack is being charged with the battery pack fitted to the receiver Note When charging batteries for the first time charge them for 16 hours regardless of the indicated battery level The rechargeable battery pack can be recharged via a vehicle cigarette lighter or via
87. ttery into the sonde A new battery or a freshly recharged battery should be used at the beginning of each day and preferably at the start of each new job Before inserting the sonde check that the sonde and receiver are at the same frequency and working correctly To do this place the sonde on the ground at a distance from the receiver that equal to the rated depth of the sonde Point the receiver at the sonde with the antenna in line with the sonde the opposite of using the receiver to locate a line and check that the bargraph reading exceeds 50 at maximum sensitivity Propelling a sonde Sondes have a male thread at one end for connecting to drain rods or to other devices for inserting and propelling the sonde along a drain or duct Sondes may be floated along drains at the end of a tether and floats are available for fitting to the sewer sonde and super sonde Sondes can be strapped to high pressure water jets or similar devices used for cleaning maintaining and inspecting drains Sondes used in underground drilling and boring operations are normally housed in the boring or drill head behind the boring or drill bit Locating and tracing a sonde Insert the sonde in the drain or duct access and locate it while it is still just in view at the drain or duct entrance Hold the receiver vertical directly over the sonde with the antenna in line with the sonde Adjust the receiver sensitivity so the bargraph reads between 60 and 80
88. urface vessel It is crucial to have effective communication between the operator with the receiver and the diver with the antenna Alternatively the antenna can be fastened to the end of a non metallic boom from a barge and lowered to the riverbed or seabed How to use a submersible double depth antenna Apply the transmitter signal to the target line at an access point on the shore The submersible antenna line for tracing the line underwater is plugged into accessory socket of the receiver which is on used on board a boat which is positioned directly over the line The transmitting signal should be by direct connection with the strongest possible signal and a low frequency less than 1kHz Make a ground connection about 100 paces from the transmitter Test the quality of signal on the line before locating on the water Note The submersible antenna is calibrated to work at one frequency Tips for using the submersible double depth antenna The user in the boat should be a specialist or have considerable experience using a receiver so that he or she can give concise instructions to the diver and avoid needless waste of expensive time in trial and error It is prudent for the pair to practice working together on dry land before attempting to locate underwater Using the antenna the diver should locate and trace a known line blindfold receiving directions from the user with the receiver out of sight of the line and the diver
89. ve seconds and the depth and current will be automatically logged After this time the receiver will switch back to locate mode If you do not wish to log the data press the depth button within five seconds to cancel logging The receiver will switch back to locate mode without logging Radiodetection Page 37 RD4000 Locating System User Manual FAULTFINDING Using the A frame to locate cable sheath faults FaultFinding The A frame is used to locate cable sheath faults on power and telecom cables To use FaultFind you will need the following equipment e RD4000Rx or RD4000MRx with FaultFind FF option e RD4000T10 transmitter with FF option or RD4000T3F transmitter e Accessory A frame connection leads vA Green Red Preparation Using RD4000 standard locating techniques locate the cable for a short distance and trace and mark its route Remove all earth bonds from the line to be traced during FaultFinding Connecting the transmitter e Ensure the transmitter is switched off e Push the connector plug into the transmitter accessory socket e Clip the red connection lead to the cable or cable sheath ensuring that the area around the connection is clean e Extend the black connection lead as far away as possible and at 90 to the probable route of the target cable and clip the connector to the ground stake Note Always connect the black connection lead to a ground stake and not a water pipe or buried cable as these ma
90. ver may sometimes detect a stronger signal from an adjacent line to which the signal has coupled or shares common grounding because it is nearer the surface Although current measurement compensates for depth signal response will be less as the depth increases The line with the highest current measurement rather than the line giving the strongest response is the target line to which the transmitter signal has been applied Measuring current provides useful information about the position of tees and bends Measuring current after a tee will indicate the main line that pulls more current along its greater length 40 ma Beka series Jm Iaa Conventional locator response iDm i N J L Radiodetection Page 33 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Applying the transmitter signal The transmitter signal can be connected clamped or induced to the target line in the same way as the signal for line tracing is applied Measuring current e Pinpoint the line and confirm the accuracy of the peak pinpoint with a null pinpoint Check the receiver is directly over the line with the antennas at right angles to it and vertical e Press depth current key Depth will be displayed for approximately five seconds and then the depth and current value in milli amps will be displayed for five seconds A signal coupled to a nearby line may distort the accuracy of the measurement If the accuracy of the reading i
91. y carry the signal Using the V function to confirm a fault RD4000T10 transmitter only If using the RD4000T 10 transmitter use the V function to confirm the presence of a fault Before performing this procedure REMOVE ALL EARTH BONDS from the cable e Connect the transmitter e Switch the transmitter on and using the up and down arrows scroll through the menu until MEASURE is displayed on the screen e Press and hold the V key to select ohms and take the resistance reading A low resistance typically less than two Megohms indicates a fault Page 38 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Obtaining a reference reading It is useful to obtain a reference reading from the ground stake This will provide you with two pieces of information Q Severity of fault Q Survey interval Before taking the reference reading set up the transmitter and receiver as follows Setting FF on the transmitter RD4000T3F e Switch the transmitter on by pressing the on off key e Press the frequency key repeatedly until the FF LED is illuminated Setting FF on the Transmitter RD4000T10 e Switch the transmitter on by pressing the on off key e Press the on off key again to select menu e Press the up arrow or down arrow to select FAULTFIND mode e Press the on off key again to confirm selection The FaultFind screen is displayed indicating that the FaultFind signal is being applied to the cable e Press the up arrow to select 100 boost
92. y specified for Peak mode Operating Modes Locate Accuracy 5 of depth depending on depth see below Current Accuracy 5 of actual current depending on depth see below Depth Accuracy 5 of depth on undistorted signal with no adjacent signals Depth Range Line up to 3m 5 depth accuracy 5 current accuracy up to 5m 10 depth accuracy 10 current accuracy Sonde up to 8m with SuperSonde Visual Indication Liquid crystal display indicating the following Signal Strength Line Depth Sonde Depth Line signal current Gain Level Operating Mode Line sonde mode Peak Null Single mode Left Right direction arrows Battery Status Speaker Volume CD direction arrows Accessory connected Audio Indication Audio signal output through water resistant speaker or optional headphones Search Antennas 2 x dual wound horizontal and 1 vertical Antenna Configurations Single horizontal for Wide response operation Dual horizontal for Peak operation Horizontal and vertical for Null operation Gain Control Rotary touch gain paddle Radiodetection Page 73 RD4000 Locating System User Manual Batteries 4 x Alkaline size D IEC LR20 Optional rechargeable battery pack with four NiMH rechargeable batteries Battery life RX greater than 16 hours 20 C non EMS modes MRx greater than 8 hours 20 C EMS mode Temperature Range Operating temperature 20 C to 50 C Storage temperature 40 C to 70 C External Connectors RS232

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RD4000 Locating System – Contents