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1. 69 w a Mihi Aurora User Manual 2 Static thermal pak PARDISO rSICCG Number of iterations Number of iterations Residuum 1 000000 006 Residuum 1 000000E 006 Alpha 1 000000 004 Omega 1 200000E 000 Help Help Ceo eo Lu a 91 Figure 60 Solver menu steady state thermal calculation The settings correlate to those of the linear mechanical calculation 70 7 nur User Manual F Free vibration Je Choose solver Lanczos v Solver parameters amp Open Calculation 2 Start calculation F Solver parameters Lanczos Number of frequencies Number of iterations 20000 ts Residuum 1 000000E 008 5 O Delta between 2 frequencies 1 o00000E 006 Kappa fo Help co Figure 61 solver menu natural frequency Number of frequencies that are calculated Termination criterion maximum number of iterations e g 10000 Termination criterion residual vector eigenvalue remains constant Difference between two frequencies Difference between two eigenvalues if the dif ference is smaller the eigenvalues cannot be distinguished Block length Kappa critical value after this number of iterations the residual vector is checked 233 Calculate When the calculation is finished an information window is opened automatically After defining of all required parameters the calculation i
2. No Labels Nodes and Elements This function hides the labels of all nodes and elements 24 nn er User Manual ETBERANER size of Boundary Conditions Gauss Points Pick Points amp amp size of boundary conditions The function Size of boundary conditions causes the shown boundary conditions to be dis played enlarged or reduced in the preprocessor menu A size of Gauss Points With the menu item Size of Gaussian points the size of the calculated Gaussian points de picted here in the Z88Aurora postprocessor is defined Figure 17 Size of boundary conditions BE Zoom ei _ Seok tert Ass Bi Size of Gaussian Points Zoom Figure 17 Display of boundary conditions and Gaussian points ER Size of Pick Points The function Size of Pick Points causes the shown pick points to be displayed enlarged or reduced in the menu boundary conditions 25 66 Aurora User Manual 1208 6 2aCONTEXT SENSITIVE SIDE MENUS When you have started a project you can perform different actions On the one hand you can display and alter an existing project on the other hand you can import a structure from a CAD program as well as from an FE program 61S Import and Export of CAD and FE Data After creating a new project folder it is possible to import geometry data as well as FE struc tures and to continue using them in Z88Aurora You will find an overview of the available for
3. 30 Darstellung 2 02E 001 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 88E 001 01E 001 BBE BB1 92E 001 8E 001 7E 001 6E 001 5E 001 4E 001 3E 001 1 1 02E 001 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O9E 002 01E 001 BBE BB1 9PE O01 98E 001 97E 001 96E O01 5E 001 94E 001 3E 001 ser Manua Version V2 Skalierung af Uebernehmen Ergebnisse Auswahl Inkrement Nummer Inkrement Darstellung Unverformt Verformt O Beides Skalierung 180 5 ei Max Skalierungsfaktor 360 a Verschiebungen Y Verschiebungen Z Verschiebungen Betrag Spannungen in den Eckknoten Spannungen pro Element Spannungen an den Gausspunkten An easily operated user interface for Z88 for all Windows and Mac OS X Computers for 32 and 64 bit This Freeware Version is the literary property of the Chair for Engineering Design and CAD University of Bayreuth Germany composed and edited by Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg with the aid of Dr Ing Bettina Alber Laukant Michael Frisch M Sc Dipl Wirtsch Ing Reinhard Hackenschmidt Dipl Math Martin Neidnicht Dipl Ing Florian Niitzel Dr Ing Bernd Roith Dr Ing Alexander Troll Dipl Ing Christoph Wehmann Dipl Ing Jochen Zapf Dipl Ing Markus Zimmermann Dr Ing Martin Zimmermann All rights reserved by the editor Version 2 June 2012 56 Aurora woi is a re
4. Figure 21 Import of a STL file All import features are described in detail in chapter 4 1 of the Theory Manual Table 1 offers an overview of the model data which can be transferred from FE structure data 29 56 Aurora User Manual Table 1 model data which can be transferred from FE structure data DXF Df Z88V14 08 F ABAQUS ANSYS amp cosMos NASTRAN utocat Feste NT superstructure BCE E BR ICH ICH S ngleloads Oox x Pi 179777 sufcelod V vy AUTOCAD DXF files can be imported as four different file types Figure 22 More infor mation about creating an AutoCAD files and their preparation can be found in the Theory Manual Chapter 4 1 5 D Ca 1 Linear mechanical l Bx ES oo lae E lN N En gt Import CAD FE Data STL file STEP file s _ FE structure 7 Program Files z88 win bin Lern ole ee Locaton F3 Abaqus file m Ansys file 2 Cosmos file 788 file DXF structure to Z88Aurora structure DXF structure und constraints to Z88Aurora DXF super structure to 288Aurora super structure Mi DXF super structure nach Z88Aurora structure Figure 22 Possibilities to import a DXF structure 30 nn 766 Aurora User Manual A The DFX import is designed for files created by the CAD system AUTOCAD If you are using a different program the import can fail Import Text Menu Bar JGS View Preprocessor Solver Postproc
5. S 4 A DIIS N Figure 15 Switching to the display option Picking left surface right all nodes 22 u hr SAIRAAT bales N User Manual Zy view tat on t orien Irs in Z88Aurora ew options in 23 a sh AAAA ae ig EN AAN gt j A ys de u N adie G ARA Se i 2 3 a 8 gt O I x Berne 3 N RR E K 2 gt 3 Oo k ras 7 3 a a gt z lt B D at a k ot Ln 3 To j V Figure 16 Double clicking on the respective icon or further clicking after the f will rotate the view by 180 56 Aurora User Manual 1286 56 Y E Labels The menu item Labels is used to indicate the respective nodes and element numbers of selected objects and contains the following sub items Labelling Nodes A window appears in which the numbers of the desired nodes must be entered in order to display them The dialog is ended with OK Labelling Elements Similiar to Labels gt nodes the desired element numbers must be entered in order to display them ig Labelling Nodes and Elements This function displays the labels of all nodes and elements A Please keep in mind that this function might make the display of big structures with many elements and nodes confusing and apart from that may influence the speed of the program negatively depending on the hardware used
6. Was nn en N KL a MOAN TS Su Sans ur ET as eet Pe ottoon PELT ET po ot Feds oh 5 A f Patanta S KVA s Y SS ay angle 15 or PN TNS Figure 29 Setting of angles Only the selection of a corner node is possible no nodes in the middle of the ele ment dge A group of adjacent nodes which are located on an edge of a FE model can be select ed via the option Edge With this option it is possible to select nodes on an edge of a drill hole or on a circumferential edge of a profile Only one node on the edge must be selected With the scroll bar also only a part of the edge can be selected 37 User Manual Switch With switch the selection is inverted Deselect Deselecting of beforehand selected areas Picking of elements There are following options for picking elements surface all elements switch deselect View i j _ RR R Close ja ement selection Elements Select a single element or a group of Individual element elements using the element number z B C ya 1 30 oder 1 2 3 TEs m Surface All elements PER ya AAA BB switch Deselect all wef 23 Surface Ze All elements t f se A Deselect al E Switches the Deselect all selection 7 ISIN ATATA ATANAN NENANANANRANANZ Figure 30 Picking of elements 38 ES nur User Manual To assign a material it can be advantageous to assign different mate
7. Surface If you d e g like to select the interior surface of a drill hole to apply boundary condi Strg tions you can use the option surface Pick a node with bel ctiek With the scroll bar you can choose an angle which influences the selection This value discribes the angle between the element that contains the selected node and the adjacent element If the value is smaller or equal the value chosen via the scroll bar the nodes on these elements will be selected 36 User Manual To find the proper selection for the surface you want to chose you might have to try some different values in order to achieve the desired result These settings could be a guidance Figure 29 e Planar surface 0 0 e A double line of nodes with a large curvature radius 1 2 e Lateral surface complete or partial with a large curvature radius 5 10 Interior surface of a drill hole 10 20 Picked node on a plain surface 4 Screen wae ve ARN a petted a Meran VERS EISEN er 27 Le paas Wee un 2 x D ot Weinert u gt Pag wa vs AY a as be SAA Baers RTT ERS N POO EE PIERRE EBEN va wa oy bald 2 779 a he i dh ee Kar A Ra g WA gen ar l RT gt a a Rp a AAA fi SCHACHT PIERRE a NH Mi RO RANG an KIN Ik 7 NSS 99 ray 4 POO A BURN a 4 PTS aie us 07 4 SS Siaa i ii er 3 got er al at a Picked node in the drill hole
8. You can allocate element parameters for the element types plate shell truss beam and cam element and plain stress element According to the element type following icons are selectable L beam truss cam aly plate plain stress element shell iss truss cam Element parameter T Section me hickness If you have created these structures beforehand they can be edited here Element parameters of imported Z88 files Z88V14 Z88V13 Z88Aurora V1 must be created anew because they can t be imported with the structure Depending on what element type you have chosen you can assign the respective geometry date You can assign one geometry to all elements Allelements or you can define sections From to element and assign one geometry per section 54 Assign element Choose element geometry geometry Figure 46 Assigning cross section in the menu element parameter User Manual Automatically calculated geometry data The element parameters can be inserted by hand Additionally Aurora V2 can calculate the element geometry of a circle tube rectangle square profile or I profile Geometry Picture Value rde s Tube b O Rectangle u me O Square profile p Fprofie 5 PE O Various Caicutsvon Geometry Picture Vaise Crde 8 Tube b Rectangle H a Square profile s O Fprotile d I O Various lt E caiculeton Geometry Picture Vakse O Orde t
9. 2Z88TOO TXT calculated temperature e 2Z88TO1 TXT calculated heat flow e Z88TO2 TXT calculated thermal expansion e 2Z88TO3 TXT calculated thermal forces e Z88TO4 TXT calculated displacements e Z88TO6 TXT calculated nodal forces thermo mechanic e Z88TO7 TXT calculated stress thermo mechanic e Z88NLO2 TXT calculated displacements nonlinear calculation with Z88NL e Z88NLO3 TXT calculated Cauchy stress nonlinear calculation with Z88NL 76 LES hox User Manual 7 TOOLS 71 Analysis For exact analysis of an FE mesh or an imported model you can get information about nodes elements and surfaces via Analysis You select in the respective picking menu the object and go to Tools gt Analysis With measuring you can view the special orientation of two nodes select object Informations are displayed Node information Element information Surface information Messen Type Distance Diameter O Volume Area Please choose two nodes Schlie en Figure 69 tool for analysis 7 2 amp Edit STL Switched surfaces in STL import files that cause a meshing abort can be repaired via the tool edit STL For this select the menu gt the switched surfaces are displayed in red click on the red elements 77 Y 56 Aurora User Manual 7 Repair STL file gt confirm with Yes Solver Post processor Brice Help chanical J tb bb
10. 89E 002 2 79E 002 79E 002 3 69E 002 A 69E 002 4 59E 002 nA 59E 002 5 49E 002 Lalas IN IN 49E 002 6 39E 002 39E B82 7 29E 002 29E 002 8 19E 002 19E 002 9 10E 002 10E 002 1 00E 003 STRESSES AT CORNER NODES aaa 100 Maximum value 200 Eor 2 avorecren Figure 66 colour scale File View Pre processor Solver EPA weee Tools Help I Fa Free vibriation Output data Figure 67 menu bar Postprocessor Under Postprocessor gt Output files you can access the single output files of the calcula tion in order to get the exact numerical values for further information see Z88Aurora Theo ry Manual 75 D aY 56 Aurora User Manual Output data F Output data Linear Non linear Free vibriation Thermal Linear Non linear C z8800 txt _ 28801 b C z8802 txt C z8803 txt C 28804 C z88nlo2 t C z88nlo3 tt F Output data Output data Linear Non linear Free vibriatio Linear Non linea _ z8802 txt _ Z88to0 txt C Z88to6 txt _ Z88to1 tt _ Z88to7 b t C Z88to2 txt _ Z88to3 txt C Z88to4 txt Figure 68 Output files e Z8800 TXT prepared input data e Z8801 TXT prepared boundary conditions e 2Z8802 TXT calculated displacements e 2Z8803 TXT calculated stresses e 2Z8804 TXT calculated nodal forces e
11. E Edit STL Figure 70 edit STL 7 3 F Options Changes in the user interface can be done in the menu Options Here you can select the language the data folders the memory settings and the view options 78 User Manual gessosansnnsene Language English v Maschine parameters Additional programs Media player amp wmplayer exe Browser iexplore exe Acrobat reader iexplore exe B Number of cores Generall Memory Paths View General Memory Paths View Structure Number of nodes MAXK 450000 Number of elements MAXE 1300000 Zoom 150 0 Slow era Fast Rotate 1 0 Slow a _ _ Fast Translate 1 0 Slow TEE _ _ TEEN Fast 1920 x 1200 1920 x 1080 1600 x 1200 1440 x 900 1360 x 768 1280 x 1024 1024 x 768 800 x 600 640 x 480 Advanced settings C Enable culling Start with SPIDER Help Figure 71 options A The global settings for CPU and memory selected here are independent from the local settings in the solver options menu A The changes only take effect after rebooting Z88 Aurora Media Player Selecting the media player with which you can play the instruction videos e g Windows Media Player c Programme Windows Media Player wmplayer exe Browser Selecting the browser with which you can view the homepage and the user forum directly from Z88Aurora e g Internet
12. business interruption loss of business information or other pecuniary loss personal damage arising out of the use of or inability to use this Software product even if LCAD has been advised of the possibility of such damages 7 Governing Law This Agreement shall be governed exclusively by and be construed in accordance with the laws of Germany without giving effect to conflict of laws LEG sore User Manual SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Operating systems Microsoft Windows Vista or Windows 7 32 and 64 BIT re spectively MAC OS X Snow Leopard Linux 64 BIT Graphics requirements OpenGL driver Main memory for 32 BIT 512 MB minimum for 64 BIT 1 GB minimum Documentary and videos require PDF Reader Videoplayer Browser INSTALLATION For more information see the installation guide which comes with the installation of the l l 3799 Z88Aurora package For starting either use the desktop icon 208 Z88Aurora V2 or open the program in the start menu Z88Aurora gt Z88AuroraV2 If you haven t installed the desktop icon nor the start menu entry you can start the program via the Windows Explorer installation directory bin bin z88aurora exe DOCUMENTATION The Z88Aurora documentation consists of User manual containing a detailed overview of GUI Graphical User Interface Theory manual with an elaborate description of the embedded modules Examples for the most common applications in mechanical analy
13. by clicking on the rectangles and using the shortcuts WPicking of nodes The Picking of nodes includes following options single nodes surface edge switch deselect all 35 a 708 Aurora User Manual View Om a RRL Close Node selection Nodes Select a single node or group of nodes Individual node using the node number No J OK e g 1 30 or 1 2 3 Angle 30 0 scroll bar to control the angle F EEJ View IT ew p View es hap 5 Angle 6 2 Era m Surface y Edge aes ee Bex xml ee rn er gt u Nodes ner oe atte bs EEE A aM r Ai Meat inamda nasa aul BB switch Deselect all LEEREN NH m wa No ere at TA eth etre eh ae z PELAT e Lele ay Pii iy 62 re fi sonia i N tee f AOKNAA KH CRRA bome v EHEN NEN een Sema eee SL PREV ie i hen xi rt switches the Deselect all Wr INT A ley Ne eevee IT aes selection ee eae eee Angle 26 6 FURR Bus cm r ln etn ETERN ur une i Ban Nodes Oe a an Indus node EIERN a TS be RE A a D ee RE N ga re ESSENER Reet So sate all MEARAN heh En Seance em ett seen AF HA Ka 19 5 N Eur SE atin y EJ ea ee Een ey eS ve B vaste at feat MAE boma ee tae ay FOr a En EBB ouch desiect st Sue TA E IETA Malin Wy Pa aN ea a RE i tts Ki at ea aay e BASE MEON wu Jewe Figure 28 Picking of nodes Single nodes you can select single nodes via the node number as well as adjacent areas
14. elements on an off File BY Preprocessor Solver Postprocessor Tools Help 3 Z limit towards viewer 0 X Setup v H D2 ee Autoscale Rotations 3D 222 4 Clipping VE BE RR x Legend color Shaded Z Adjust material color Surface Mesh Y Adjust lights O Mesh FR Picking Boundary Solid view kr X Y View 3 quick view ka X Z View Default views ty Y Z View 1 Coordinate system Labels nodes 1 Elements AP All No labels Figure 9 View options 5 1 Toolbars For import export view and preprocessor it is possible to show additional toolbars This can be done permanently via the settings in the file z83enviro dyn or session oriented via the menu View gt Setup Contrary to Aurora V1 the arrangement of the icons can be completely adjusted to the user s requirements For this the default settings of the toolbars are stored in the z88enviro dyn file with their respective icon number Buttons OF the toolbars TOOLBAR 1 1 23401056 780 3 10 0 11 1 18 LES soca TOOLBAR 2 1 User Manual su St 22 Of 0 54 Bo 27 0 22 23 24 25 1 TOOLBAR 3 1 12 19 14 26 12 17 To U 123 13 20 2L 0 283 230 30 31 U 232 323 s1 TOOLBAR 4 1 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 0 35 0 36 37 0 39 0 40 1 Figure 10 Extract of z88enviro dyn In the following figures the default arrangement of the toolbars and their meanings are dis O gt Views View settings Def
15. which is still under development Please note that currently not all the functions are implemented therefore certain functions cannot be selected and the modification of parameters in the user interface may show to some extent no effect How Z88 deals with other programs and utilities etc hasn t been tested yet It is the aim of this research version to give you an understanding of the fundamental operating concept The developers of Z88Aurora are interested in constantly improving this software Proposals suggestions and remarks can be sent to z88aurora uni bayreuth de In addition FAQs are available on the homepage www z88 de WbGhrscore User Manual LICENSE Software Products Z88Aurora Software as delivered Software Licensor Chair for Engineering Design and CAD LCAD This is a legal agreement between you the end user and Chair for Engineering Design and CAD Universitaetsstr 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany By installing by downloading or by agreeing to the integrated conditions of this End User License Agreement you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this agreement If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement promptly return the Software and the accompanying items including written materials and binders or other containers to the place you obtained them for a full refund 1 Grant of license This LCAD license agreement license permits you to use a copy of the Software acquired with this lice
16. 288 fcd This creates a complete data set for Z88V140S in the folder bin gt Z88V140S The previous folder is replaced If you still want to use these files you should save them in another directory Importing As an example the import procedure of a STEP file is demonstrated Figure 20 gt Select Import Export gt Click a STEP file a selection window is opened gt Select file gt Click OK to confirm u 27 ahi Aurora User Manual 1206 select step a selection window is opened r i sd STL file SE STEP file P EN aurora_docu z880sp linear test E FE structure AutoCAD DXF Nastran file Fe Abaqus file Ansys file Select step file i Cosmos file 2 788 file Recently Used stp en File filter X cancel Confirm Figure 20 Import of a STEP file The default setting determinining which input file is supposed to be imported is defined by the user The import procedure depends on the quality of the given data Incomplete or damaged STEP or STL data lead to incorrect displays and faulty meshing in Z88Aurora In this case it is necessary to adjust the export settings Depending on the CAD program the lateral length the interior angle or the width to height ratio can be changed 28 User Manual Default setting STL Export Wildfire 5 0 Adjusted setting STL Export Wildfire 5 0 es 5 it NI Import Meshing 3 A ANA ae
17. 70E 001 5 40E 001 5 40E 001 8 09E 001 8 09E 001 1 08E 000 1 08E 000 1 35E 000 1 35E 000 1 62E 000 1 62E 000 1 89E 000 1 89E 008 2 16E 000 2 16E 000 2 43E 000 2 43E 000 2 70E 000 2 70E 000 2 97E 000 TOTAL DISPLACEMENTS Load cases for natural frequency View O Undeflected Deflected Select view option Scaling 2 2 mu Max scaling factor 3 Filter J Apply Show resu Its Nodal forces X Nodal forces Y Nodal forces Z Total nodal forces Temperature Thermal expansion Thermal force X iz 288Aurora started E users FAnuser Desktop aurorav2 Figure 64 Z88Aurora Postprocessor On the right side of the screen a context menu appears Here it is possible to have the com ponent displayed in the results window deformed undeformed or both at the same time Below there is the results menu here the displacements component by component and as value as well as the stresses at the corner nodes averaged by elements and at the Gauss points can be shown the Gauss point display however is only shown in an undeformed condition Temperature Thermal expansion Thermal force X Thermal force Y Thermal force Z Total thermal force Heat flow Figure 65 Z88Postprocessor results of thermal calculation 74 User Manual Stress view With scaling Without scaling 91E 000 9 91E 001 A 91E 001 1 89E 002
18. 8 Tube b O Rectangle n n po O Square profile Th i tr D Ofiprotie 5 lt _ lt Various E colctanon Geometry Orde Tube Rectangle Square profile O bprofiie O Various O Tube O Rectangle O Square profile O FE profile up Various ey Figure 47 Cross sections that can be automatically calculated gt select element geometry insert entry parameters depending on the selected element type only the required data is used for the calculation 55 a Mah Aurora User Manual N EB Calculation With En the element parameters are assigned to the structural elements plate plain stress element shell Element parameters 4 Thickness J Section You can assign one geometry to all elements Hi Al elements or you can define sections From to element and assign one geometry per section WP Add edit thickness with double clicking O 30 view Element geometry W Administration Administration Geometryl ElementSet1 1 000000 To Element No ende Edit thickness with Create an element len double dick set p Add OO o aiea ae bo eee Close menu Close Figure 48 Assign thickness to plain stress elements plates and shells I fe Material In order to carry out static strength analyses natural frequency analysis and thermic calcula tions the present version of Z88Aurora offers a material database containing more tha
19. 88Aurora via a virtual fixed point e ABAQUS import line load Example 3D gear In this example a gear which was imported as ABAQUS INP file is calculated This is done with a static load so it cannot replace a strain calculation according to DIN 3990 The gear in this example is a involute spur gear without any deviations in the tooth flank The gear body is constructed out of ribs to save weight Festhatung Festhatung Festnaltung e Natural frequency Example Drum lt A popular example natural frequency analysis is the oscillating drumhead because it can be calculated analytically as well This is an example for pure natural frequency because the drumhead achieves steady state final tone only after one stroke because of the equilibrium between mass inertia and reset force The fixing of the drumhead at the frame allows only certain modal form vectors which can be described with mathematical methods These form vectors should be simulated in FEA as well 84 LEG rs lt oca User Manual L o pia e Thermo mechanics Example Spoon a As example for heat flow and temperature analysis a spoon which is hold with one hand and used for eating soup should be simulated The spoon was constructed in Pro ENGINEER and imported as stl file into Z88Aurora and was then meshed At the handle the temperature is defined by the temperature of the hand the heat flow through the handle is caused by the heat of the soup e Geom
20. Aurora started No working directory Figure 1 User interface of Z88Aurora 2 MENU BARS Several menu bars are of importance for operation The four icon menu bars provide quick access to all functions of Z88Aurora The main functions of the first icon menu bar such as preprocessor KR open additional side menus The other three icon menu bars contain view colour and import options and the functionalities for the preprocessor The text menu bar contains all functionalities of the icon menu bar and the side menus the correspondent icons precede the text commands Depending on the current procedure there are several tabs on the tab bar such as the material cards in the material menu be tween which you can switch With the X each tab can be closed 11 User Manual a 56 Aurora The icon menu bar is separated into different areas the project folder management the type of analysis the pushbuttons which access the context sensitive side menus and the support Depending on the state of the analysis several icons are displayed in grey because their functions aren t available at that time A aL 1Z Linear mechanical S a ae e Project folder managment A New Project m Open Project Close Project Support me SPIDER Support Ef Help Options Type of analysis 1Z Linear mechanical IN Nonlinear mechanical Hl F Free vibration nd lt Steady state thermal 7X No selection
21. Explorer c Programme Internet Explorer iexplore exe PDF Reader Selecting the PDF reader with which you can open the Z88 user manual and theory manu al 79 766 Aurora User Manual e g Adobe Acrobat Reader c Programme Adobe Reader 9 0 Reader AcroRd32 exe The dialogue and the information windows are closed with OK be applied after restarting 288 Aurora The changend values and settings will Afterwards you can restart Z88Aurora 8 MAY RH PHELP Help Z88Aurora offers you several different help functions which can be used separately Follow ing is an overview of the separate help components The icon in the icon menu bar opens the popup menu for the selection of the single help modules E Hilfeoptionen m User manual Theory manual Element library X Cancel Figure 72 Help options 80 LEG sore User Manual Video manual To increase clarity video sequences dealing with some special topics are available The vide os are accessed via the menu Video manual These are e Picking e Views e Node information Q User Manual In the User Manual all functions available in Z88Aurora are explained 2 Theory Manual The Theory Manual addresses the issue of the computation bases of Z88Aurora For experi enced Z88 V14 users the differences between Z88 V14 OS and Z88Aurora are presented Furthermore all input and output files as well as the element types
22. Minimal inner angle nn Administration dh Add E Create mesh Delete E Remove mesh Close Mesh info Rules for mesh ureno 4 octahedron 2square based pyramids 4 tetrahedron Figure 42 refining of a tetrahedron input mask right process left The adjacent elements are adjusted to the changed node numbers and are divided as well For this a minimum element angle must be specified to prevent a large deformation Instead of the ideal interior angle of 60 an angle of 3 10 is realistic 52 EG Aurora User Manual Figure 43 Process of the algorithm for refinement Shell thickener With this feature it is possible to thicken already existing shells which have nodes in only one plane e g from Nastran or DXF import and thus creating volume shells element Nr 21 and Nr 22 Normal shells Volume shells Figure 44 normal shells and volume shells 53 56 Aurora User Manual 1206 Value Thickness Administration Create mesh with the currentrule for Add rule for meshing _ Ads create mesh meshing Delete rule for meshing Delete Ci Remove mesh Mesh is deleted and the STP STL is displayed Close menu 3 Cose K Mesh info Mesh is checked Rules for mesh Active name Figure 45 Shell thickener in Z88Aurora More information see amp creating a tetrahedron mesh Element parameters
23. NLO3 TXT can be calculated for the the element types 1 Hexahedron with 8 nodes 4 truss 10 hexahedron with 20 nodes 7 plain stress element with 20 nodes 8 torus with 8 nodes 16 tetrahedron with 10 nodes and 17 tetrahedron with 4 nodes THE Z88 PHILOSOPHY IS ALSO VALID FOR Z88AURORA Fast and compact Developed for PC no ported mainframe system full 64 BIT support for Windows Linux and Mac native Windows and Mac OS X programs no emulations Windows and Mac OS X versions use the same computing kernels full data exchange from and to CAD systems Autocad DXF STP STL FE structure import COS NAS ANS INP context sensitive online help and video tutorials simplest installation with Microsoft Installer MSI Z88Aurora is completely compatible with Z88 V140S Already existing Z88 V13 files or Z88Aurora V1 files can be easily imported with the conversion tool mitoo Note Always compare FE calculations with analytical rough calculations results of experiments plausibility considerations and other tests without exception Keep in mind that sign definitions of Z88Aurora and also other FEA programs differ from the usual definitions of the analytical technical mechanics from time to time A Unit conventions are independently managed by the user The material database inte grated in Z88Aurora uses the units mm t N Z88Aurora is a powerful complex computer program
24. are illustrated in detail The modules which are accessed from the user interface are explained here m Element Library A short description of the element types integrated in Z88Aurora A Examples By means of different examples the basic functions are explained e Plane elements Example fork wrench Bu As an example a DXF file from AutoCAD was chosen a fork wrench as plane stress element By means of this component the export procedure of the structure from the CAD program as well as the import of DXF files into Z88Aurora is demonstrated Furthermore the creation and finer meshing of super structures is illustrated as well as the execution and evaluation of a linear strength analysis 81 66 Aurora User Manual 1288 e Volume elements Example engine piston As already described in previous chapters you can import data from 2D and 3D CAD and FE systems in Z88Aurora The example cited here is an engine piston it was designed in PTC Pro MECHANICA and saved as a NASTRAN file By means of this component the import of the NASTRAN format and the calculation of tetrahedron meshes in Z88Aurora are demon strated em e Shell elements Example square pipe as To display thin walled structures such as bent sheet metal parts or profiles shell models can be used The component employed here is a square profile which was designed as a shell model with an external FE program and saved as NASTRAN file together with the bou
25. atable steel SBC 18161 Himmi i Figure 49 Z88Aurora Material database If the required material is not contained you have the possibility to define new materials in the database For this click F add in the left menu and the context menu Material Pa rameters is opened Figure 50 In the first input array you can define the material type by means of Material Name Identifier and Material Number In the second input array the material properties such as Young s Modulus Poisson s ratio and density A Unit den sity t mm are entered for the linear analysis 57 User Manual Description FO Number FO Annotation FO Material properties Linear thermal Youngs modulus 0 00 Density 0 000000E 000 Poissons ratio 0 00 Figure 50 Context menu material parameters a 56 Aurora In the case of unalloyed construction steel according to DIN EN 10025 2 this would look as follows e Material name construction steel common name e Identifier S235JR e Material number 1 0038 e Young s Modulus 210 000 N mm e Poisson s Ratio 0 29 e Density 7 85 E 9 t mm For thermal analysis you have to assign heat conductivity and heat expansion tab Ther mal 58 LEG rove User Manual Administration Material sets All elements lf Define J Delete Material can not be edited Administration on 7 Create copy aie Add ox J Cancel Details General gt Impor
26. ate and volume shells e Tetrahedron refiner e Shell thickener Volume shell 3 Super elements These features are openend with the icon in the preprocessor menu Create structural elements Bt Menu Preprocessor gt E Nodes and Create element Mesh Z88N mesh generator gt Tetrahedron Super elemen Set Administration Picking Element parameter AL Section Thickness Material Ill Database Constraints A Define Figure 40 menu Preprocessor with the start icon super elements of the mesh generator Z88N 49 Wb hrscore User Manual Usage of Z88N in Z88Aurora The mesh generator can create 2 or 3 dimensional FE structures from super structures Gen erating a mesh is only possible with continuum elements Table 1 offers an overview of the possible FE structures Table 1 Overview of possible super structures in Z88Aurora Torus No 12 Hexahedron No 10 Hexahedron No 10 Plate No 20 Plate No 20 Plate No 20 Plate No 19 Shell No 21 Shell No 21 In all spatial directions a super structure can be refined uniformly in ascending or descend Hexahedron No 1 Hexahedron No 1 ing order For this element sets must be created the rules for meshing must be defined and afterwards meshed For example gt Define 3 element sets change to SE Super elements gt Define element type local x direction uniform ascending or descending fragmentation local y dir
27. ault Views O Shaded D Boundary Solid view ty xy View Surface Mesh tix zx View DJ u KOS Quick view zZ H Mesh L Refresh ky Zy View Figure 11 push buttons of the second toolbar 19 User Manual SEZ KZr er FE SSAA SES View manipulation G Rotations of Clipping nl yA Z Limit Autoscale roren CAD Import STP Step Import STL Stl Import Autocad Import ahi Aurora Colour settings Labels Size options es Legend color amp node numbers Gt Ge constraints A Adjust material b i i color element numbers HI Al gaussian points sn adjust lights Ag Label all EEE Pick points W No Labels Figure 12 push buttons of the third toolbar FE Import 7 Nastran Br Stabe Balken I Material database Fes Abaqus dr Freemeshing Tetrahedrons A Constraints ee Ansys Hexahedron mesher Scheibenaufdicker 2 Cosmos Tetraederverfeinerer 8799 788 Z88V14 Figure 13 push buttons of the forth toolbar To adjust the toolbar simply arrange the respective numbers 20 JA Toro User Manual 5 2 S 2 camera Settings Auto scale BE offers the possibility to fit the model into the Open GL window With Rota tions 3D S a rotated condition can be clearly set Z limit towards the user Z is a clipping option By setting a defined Z plane the component can be viewed from inside With 74 all three planes can be used for clipping via the scroll bar 5 3 SA Y Colours The legend colo
28. ct Folder gt Create a new folder gt Enter folder name Name gt Confirm Return Click OK to confirm The input mask disappears you can start the compilation of the computation model A For further use the project folder can be put into the quick access gt Add 14 a JA ais AR User Manual create new folder A Z88AuroraV2 win bin Create Folder Location Project_1 new folder name double click to activate folder si Add om Remove X cra add folder to quick access confirm lt P Add to Bookmarks Show Hidden Files Show Size Column Figure 5 Launching a new project folder 4 2 Opening a Project Folder gt Select a project folder to open gt Click OK to confirm The project is displayed in the work area 15 un DEB EEE User Manual choose existing project A Z88AuroraV2 win bin tests Create Folder Location Recently Used I project z88 Yesterday at 17 39 a Z88 stl Yesterday at 17 39 Z88control txt 10 57 z88setsactive bit Yesterday at 18 23 Z88structure bt Yesterday at 17 48 available data in the project confirm ele Add Remove Kom Figure 6 Opening an existing project folder 16 aY nor User Manual 4 3 Biciosing a Project Folder With this button the presently open project folder is closed A You must always close the current project folder before creating a new one or openin
29. dary con hedrons hexahedrons ditions 2777 and volume shells Figure 52 Picking options for boundary conditions Imported structures can either be calculated with the existing boundary conditions in Z88Aurora or new entries can be applied For imported boundary conditions sets are created automatically that can be viewed in boundary conditions menu 1Z Linear mechanical nd lt Static thermal be For both types of analysis and two different views of the menu are available that can be selected in the upper left corner of the menu 60 User Manual r Directions Rotations C x direction C X Axis C y direction C Y Axis Boundary conditions _ z direction C Z Axis are dependent on the type of analysis Type Displacements Pressure Force uniformly distributed Surface load Projected surface load Line load Projected line load Value u Define value Figure 53 Creating boundary conditions In order to apply a boundary condition proceed as follows gt Select analysis type gt Select set gt Select Directions Rotations e g x direction gt Select type e g Displacements gt Enter value e g 0 gt Enter name e g fixed af Add In the OpenGl window the boundary condition appears with the respective colour 61 D aY nor User Manual 2777 f Directions Rotations _ x direction O X Axis C y direction O Y A
30. e element Example circular plate This sample is intended as an introduction for plate calculation Z88 contains plate elements Reissner Mindlin approach with 6 node Serendipity elements type 18 8 node Serendipity elements type 20 and 16 node Lagrange elements type 19 Nevertheless the plate is a 2D element With plates thus being 2D elements the calculation requires some skills to map this paradox in FE software e Hexahedron elements Example plate segment A three dimensional plate segment with curvilinear hexahedrons is calculated Though seeming simple this example can barely be solved analytically It s a valuable sample for experiments with the mapped masher e Creating a structure and element parameters Example gear shaft 83 ihj Aurora User Manual 1288 In Z88Aurora an editor for creating beam and truss elements is included The required nodes for creating the structure can be entered by using coordinates the coincidence is created via the graphic user interface This is explained using an example of a gearshaft A e Shell thickener Clipping Example submarine aio A submarine which was constructed in Pro ENGINEER as shell structure is imported with the NASTRAN interface and thickened to create a volume shell in Z88Aurora The displacements and stresses in the submarine s hull should be calculated in the case of a dive depth of 50 m The submarine is supposed to float in the water thus it is fixed in Z
31. ection uniform ascending or descending fragmentation local z direction uniform ascending or descending fragmentation 50 a er User Manual gt click on oP iik the rule for meshing is created The data for the rule can be displayed any time gt either HH Create mesh or create another rule only one rule can be defined per set Close gt leave the menu with O All elements Type no 7 Local x direction Divide uniformly in ascending equid decre incre or descending order value 6 yy equid decre O incre Number of fragmentations per super structure Local z direction gt equi decre incre Value fo Administration Create mesh with all Rule for meshing is created e de Add Create mesh active rules Rule is deleted Delete El Remove mesh Mesh is deleted Close menu 3 close 1 Mesh info Mesh is checked Super element structure FE structure Figure 41 menu super elements of the mesh generator Z88N A After creating the mesh the rules for meshing a deleted 51 D aY 706 Aurora User Manual Refining a tetrahedron mesh With this option it is possible to improve already existing tetrahedron meshes With pick ing a set can be created with the tetrahedron which should be refined Each element is divided into 8 tetrahedrons initial tetrahedron with all median lines All elements
32. ective solver have to be defined in the menu solver gt solver parameters CD sicca Termination criterion maximum number of iterations e g 10000 Termination criterion residual vector lt Epsilon e g 1e 7 Parameter for convergence acceleration shift factor Alpha between O and 1 good values may vary from 0 0001 to 1 start with 0 0001 68 1768 Aurora SOR SORCG Termination criterion maximum number of iterations e g 10000 User Manual Termination criterion residual vector lt Epsilon e g 1e 7 Parameter for convergence acceleration relaxation factor Alpha between O and 2 good values may vary from 0 8 to 1 2 I Non linear mechanical v Choose solver sorce Failure theory No reduced stresses von Mises stresses Procedure solver output j Procedure Solver Output Solution procedure Results Newton Raphson procedure O After 100 load Arc length procedure Riks After every load step O After every iteration at every load step omy of abort U Backup of Pardiso fields Number of iterations 20000 Norm lt TOL Residuum 1 000000E 008 Also for increasing norm Omega 1 000000E 000 Number of load steps 25 Max iterations 1000 Residuum TOL 1 000000E 007 Arc length 1 000000 000 Figure 59 Solver menu non linear calculation A Calculation of equivalent stress with Z88NL is only possible with von Mises theory
33. er of the other nodes are chanched automatically Nodes 1 12 p 3 iI 3 Node is inserted in the list Coordinates X direction fo 000000E 000 Y direction 2 000000E 000 Z direction o 000000 000 Komm En Figure 36 node menu A For further information about the selection of nodes see chapter Be Picking Selection from the list a gt J select the node to be edited from the list gt the node turns red Afterwards the selected node can be amp edited or mm deleted When all nodes have been created the elements can be defined For this you have to switch y Elements With Add a node can be inserted in the node list afterwards the other nodes are renum bered to the menu 44 ES nur User Manual View e x c e x cose Red marked selection YI Elements Deselect all is deselected Create structural elements Type O Staff No 4 3D Staff No 9 2D Beam No 2 3D Beam No 13 2D O Rod No 5 3D 1 Chose element type Nodes 2 Chose node with node number Nodes No 1 4 Nodes No 2 E Insert selected i Or select node and click Administration baa pee 3 click 3 Insert Edit Elements Selected element Element is inserted in the element list Figure 37 menu Elements gt create new element gt determine element type Truss No 9 Truss No 4 Beam No 13 Beam No 2 Cam No 5 for furt
34. essor Tools Help New anical 6 OE OE aR _ Open project Close project b k Save projects OFFO PFRN MR Remove project data w PAS I A Import A Gk Geometry STP STEP st files STL BRE AutoCAD DXF files DXF g NASTRAN files BDF NAS Fa ABAQUS files INP ANSYS files ANS COSMOS files COS 2 Z88 files TXT Figure 23 Import in the text menu bar Import tool bar The tool bar Import is shown by default In the menu View and Setup you can deselect the view option Import Preprocessor Solver E Toolbars Rotations 3D 2 Clipping Standard View 5 Z limit towards viewer oe Color gt rhea Import Sorte tes 2ER urface Me Mesh FR Picking O Boundary Solid view quick view Default views gt Z Coordinate system Labels d Figure 24 Tool bar Import 31 a 66 Aurora User Manual 6 2 Be Preprocessor Clicking the preprocessor icon opens the context sensitive side menu Preprocessor Figure 25 you can either create an FE structure or mesh an imported geometry Afterwards it is possible to select a material from the database or to edit your own material In addition all mechanical boundary conditions can be applied All possibilities of the preprocessor are introduced separately below Create a truss or beam structure create tetrahedron mesh Picking and set management Pr
35. esults of displacements and the integration point based stress results For stress results the comparison stress is calcu lated after the von Mises yield criterion which is based on Cauchy stress 66 Hah Aurora 206 User Manual The thermal solver Z33TM For the calculation the modul for steady state thermal simulation resorts to the solver types Paradiso SORCG and SICCG The number of values used in the system of equations is de creased by using the finite elements for pure thermal analysis hexahedrons tetrahedrons because of the reduction of the DOF to one instead of three so the system of equations itself is reduced In contrast there are no changes in the thermo mechanical calculation the usual three DOF have to be regarded The thermal conductivity is the only material property that is required for determining the steady state thermal conduction If a thermo mechanical simulation is to be conducted the coefficient of thermal expansion is also needed in addition to the material properties used in elastostatic problems Young s modulus Pois son s ratio No additional adjustments have to be done for a thermo mechanical calculation The solver Z88TM automatically conducts the desired simulation if thermal and mechanic boundary conditions have been applied If only thermal boundary conditions are applied a steady state thermal calculation is conducted The vibration solver Z88El The modul for natural frequency uses a numer
36. etric nonlinearity Example Hinge In this example a hinge to lock a cylindrical truss in position is examined The clamping force is very high so there are great deformations 85 56 Aurora User Manual Spider support To achieve clearly arranged settings and functionalities for the user the proceeding of FEA is displayed with the SPIDER work flow tool You can choose between two different types of user support the work flow scheme or additional videos explanations or decision proposi tions gt amp Structure b BE Pre processor BR Sole x Workflow changes E Mesh d Post processor vB Pre processor Element parameters fee continuously with progress ef Material Constraints E Solver di Post processor Definition of Boundary Processing Post material conditions solver processing Ok Ok Ok Mesh creation Ok Ok problems problems problems DIN ASTM Best practices gt i Bed Mo Bo VDI RL Figure 73 work flow support SPIDER in Z88Aurora 86 a nor 78 About Z88Aurora Z88Aurora Version 2 0 Jun 21 2012 20 35 55 Info wu Pipe Support A Homepage ser Inte face Or Reliable FEA A FREE Finite Elements Analysis Program with Pre and Postprozessing in ANSI C and Gtk for the MS Windows amp MAC OS X Composed and copyright by Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg University of Bayreuth Germany Developed by Professor Dr Ing Frank R
37. g another project 4 4 Project Folder Management in the Text Menu Bar In addition to the icon menu bar Z88Aurora possesses a text menu bar above the icon menu bar This either contains further functionalities or you can access the same functions as in the icon menu bar The text menu bar with its respective functions is described in the corre sponding chapters Functionalities which aren t available are displayed in grey enroces iver Postprocessor Tools Help Le New mca lt E Bt wey 8 mm enenu Save project as REES BERN S amp S PR Wis Figure 7 Project folder management in the text menu bar 4 5 Z Deleting Project Files In the text menu bar there is furthermore the option to delete the complete content of the project folder The folder itself is preserved 288Aurora Version 2 0 Apr 2012 jam Vew Prenrocessor Solver Postorocessor Tools Help F New anical EBEA 9 a __ Open project z Close project oe amp amp bed Save project as SER Se RU SS ect data Pes itis Fig 8 Deleting project data in the text menu bar 17 aY ihi Aurora User Manual 5 VIEW The view display can be edited in many ways in Z88Aurora It is possible to display often re quired tool bars and to change their arrangement to change the light material and legend colour or to switch miscellaneous additional view options on and off With labels is is pos sible to switch the numeration of nodes and
38. gistered trademark No 30 2009 064 238 of Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg ABOUT Z88AURORA AND WHAT S NEW IN Z88AURORA V2 Z88 is a software package for solving structural mechanical static problems with the aid of the Finite Element Method FEM which is available under GNU GPL as free software with source code The software originally created by Professor Frank Rieg in 1986 is currently being further developed by a team of ten under the supervision of Professor Rieg at the Uni versity of Bayreuth In addition to the present compact Z88 which is currently available in the 14 version an extended program Z88Aurora is on the market since 2009 Z88Aurora is based on Z88 and is available for Windows 32 BIT and 64 BIT for free download as executable file In addition to the efficient solvers contained in Z88 Z88Aurora offers a graphic user interface a com pletely new preprocessor and an extension of the approved postprocessor Z880 Developing Z88Aurora great importance was attached to intuitive operation The present version Z88Aurora V2 offers in addition to static strength analysis a material database containing more than 50 established construction materials and modules such as non linear strength calculations natural frequency analysis and contact and thermal anal yses Further modules such as non linear material behaviour and contact analysis are under de velopment This is new Module for thermal analysis In this new m
39. h 4 or 10 nodes In Z88Aurora this mesher can be used for tetrahedrons with 4 or 10 nodes e NETGEN was mainly developed by Professor Joachim Schoberl Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing at the Vienna University of Technology research group Computational Mathematics in Engineering within the framework of the projects Numerical and Symbolic Scientific Computing and the Start Project hp FEM In Z88Aurora this mesher can be used for tetrahedrons with 4 nodes In Z88Aurora this mesher can also be used for tetrahedrons with 4 or 10 nodes 46 LEG rove User Manual Settings Mesher VaN O Tetgen O Netgen Element type O Tetrahedron linear lt Nr 17 O Tetrahedron quadratic q Nr 16 Value Administration Create mesh with the current rule for Add rule for meshing Add E Create mesh meshing gt Delete Remove mesh Mesh is deleted and the STP STL is displayed Close menu Close E Mesh info Mesh is checked Rules for mesh pave name Figure 38 Creating of tetrahedron meshes and the options Tetgen Netgen gt Select TetGen or NETGEN gt determine mesh parameter accuracy of the mesh and element type this value correlates to the edge length in the respective unit of length gt click Ar Add the rule for meshing is created The data for the rule can be viewed any time gt afterwards either Ett Create mesh or add a new rule gt with 8 ELSE leave the
40. her information please see Theory Manual chapter 5 enter node 1 by direct selection of the node via mouse R Add selected e enter node 2 or by entering the node number gt click add After the elements have been entered they can still be edited or deleted The selection is done via the element table The compilation of the entry file is now completed You can save the data and close the submenu 45 66 Aurora User Manual 1288 In the next steps element parameters geometry cross section etc material and boundary conditions must be allocated For this please consult the help for LDll Eiement A parameters i Material or a Constraints AE Meshing You have two possibilities of meshing parts in Z88Aurora On the one hand a continuum can be meshed to miscellaneous FE structures with the mesh generator Z88N via the intermedi ate step of super element creation On the other hand two Open Source meshers TetGen and NETGEN for the creation of tetrahedron meshes are integrated in Z88Aurora rays Creating a tetrahedron mesh After import of geometry via STEP or STL the part can be meshed by tetrahedrons Two Open Source meshers are available e TetGen was developed by Dr Hang Si of the research group Numerical Mathematics and Scientific Computing at the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Sto chastics in Berlin In Z88Aurora this mesher can be used for tetrahedrons wit
41. ic method that is especially approved in FEA and was introduced already in 1950 by Cornelius Lanczos Although no one could have thought about numeric modal analysis then the algorithm possesses many advantages for FE programing The basic idea to reduce the matrix to a tridiagonal matrix non zero ele ments only in the main diagonal and the first diagonal below and above by iteration is very effective regarding memory management Additionally it is guaranteed mathematically that the eigenvalues of this tridiagonal matrix are approximately equal to the eigenvalues of the original matrix Each iteration of the solver can be divided into two stages Initially an additional row or column of the tridiagonal matrix is calculated basically only three matrix values because all previously calculated entries preserved In the second stage the eigenvalues of the matrix are determined starting at zero and sort ed in ascending order Further information and theoretical background on the solvers can be found in chapter 4 2 of the theory manual 67 66 Aurora User Manual 1288 The solver types are selected via the solver menu depending on the type of analysis the solv er menu is adjusted Under failure theory the following comparison stresses can be selected depending on the preceding calculation von Mises theory Rankine s theory principal stresses Tresca s theory Additonally a view control values for the resp
42. icking A OB Node selection u Element selection Surface selection i View View View RRR Close 2 2 close R RIE close Nodes Elements Surface Individual node Individual element Angle No J OK No J OK 30 0 Angle Dur Batelements 5 se ae m BB switch Deselect all Switch Deselect all Surface OD Edge ere Switch Deselect all Marks switch S deselect a uns add add me aa aa Delete Delete Marks ee Add Delete Beem 0 Boo fe Add set Delete set D D i Add set mm Delete set ei Add set mm Delete set Figure 27 Picking options in Z88Aurora V2 Hot keys With the mouse and a fiew shortcuts it is possible to pick single or several nodes ele ments or surfaces in order to define the boundary conditions you need 34 LEG rove Strg a click Selecting single nodes User Manual Alt a IO P hold New selection of several nodes in a rectangular area and simul taneous discarding of the previous selection Alt x hold Additional selection of several nodes in a rectangular area with maintaining the previous selection DB e J hold Selecting a rectangular area for deselecting several nodes The respective nodes elements and surfaces are marked as small black rectangles Selecting is carried out
43. ieg Dr Ing Bettina Alber Laukant Dipl Wirtsch Ing Reinhard Hackenschmidt Dipl Math Martin Neidnicht Dipl Ing Florian Nuetzel Dr Ing Bernd Roith Dr Ing Alexander Troll Dipl Ing Christoph Wehmann Dipl Ing Jochen Zapf Dipl Ing Markus Zimmermann Dr Ing Martin Zimmermann Michael Frisch M Sc Solver Z88R V15 0 Pre and Postprozessing Z88Aurora Version 2 0 Jun 21 2012 20 35 55 Floats 8 Bytes Integers 4 Bytes Pointers 4 Bytes Compiled with FR_GLAREA Jun 21 2012 20 35 55 Figure 74 Information about Z88Aurora See www z88 de for further information DS Email If you need support z88aurora uni bayreuth de Forum User Manual On the homepage you can find a forum where you can discuss Z88 topics and issues with other users 87
44. lacements the nodal forces and stresses The linear Solver Z88R Z88 features three different solvers A Cholesky solver without fill in It is easy to handle and very fast for small and medi um structures However like any direct solver Z88F reacts badly on ill numbered nodes but you may improve the situation with the Cuthill McKee program Z88H Z88F is your choice for small and medium structures up to 20 000 30 000 degrees of freedom A direct sparse matrix solver with fill in It uses the so called PARDISO solver This solver is very fast but uses very much dynamic memory It is your choice for medium structures up to 150 000 degrees of freedom A sparse matrix iteration solver It solves the system of equations by the method of conjugate gradients featuring SOR preconditioning or preconditioning by an incom plete Cholesky decomposition depending on your choice This solver deals with struc tures with more than 100 000 DOF at nearly the same speed as the solvers of the large and expensive commercial FEA programs as our tests showed In addition a min imum of storage is needed This solver is your choice for large structures with more than 150 000 200 000 DOF FE structures with 5 million DOF degrees of freedom are no problem for it if you use a 64 BIT operation system Windows or LINUX or Mac OS X along with the 64 BIT version of Z88 and about 6 GByte of memory This very stable and approved solver works always thu
45. le Figure 2 Pushbuttons of the icon menu bar Context sensitive side menu gt Import CAD FE Daten 24 Preprocessor ae Solver e Postprocessor Close Program A Please always note the status display at the lower left edge of the user interface Here you can find references to the next steps and information about operation 12 y 56 Aurora User Manual 3 KEYBOARD LAYOUT F12 rer s ITTF Adi ETET Eee Deselection of A Z nodalareas E El 7 Ferie A alt Gr Single node Selection of selection nodalarea Selection of additional nodalareas Figure 3 Keyboard layout 13 a 66 Aurora User Manual 4 b gt I PROJECT FOLDER MANAGEMENT Depending on the status of the project it is possible to launch a new project folder or to open an existing project Options which aren t accessible at the time are displayed in grey shows or hides location BO Apr 22 2012 17 48 18 Preprocessor Solver Postp ei stp ssor Tools Help ad BA 9 I create new folder Choose folder TWTT Dd D a S E pr P Program Files 288 win bin Create Fold er Selection of directory in which 3D view Location Recently Used ne ren the new folder should be created pase en al ca Figure 4 Project folder management of Z88Aurora 410 Launching a New Proje
46. mats in Figure 18 Geometry sti ae STE file SE STEP file lt stp FE structure dxf 0 AutoCAD DXF Nastran file nas inp FF Abaqus file Ansys file ans z88il txt cos 42 Cosmos file 24 2788 file 78812 txt z88i5 txt z88ni txt Figure 18 Import and export options in Z88Aurora Compatibility with other versions of Z88 For users who have already worked with Z88V14 OS there is the possibility to import existing Z88 input files into Aurora In the process the definition files required by Z88Aurora are cre ated automatically A more profound insight into the file structure of Z88Aurora is offered by chapter 3 of the Theory Manual The input files Z8811 TXT Z8812 TXT Z8813 TXT Z8815 TXT and the mesh generator file Z88NI TXT can be imported The file Z8814 TXT is not required any longer in Z88Aurora 26 ES nur Older projects from Z88Aurora V1 and Z88V13 files can be imported by the migration tool User Manual Mitoo exe 60 which is provided whith Aurora V2 It can be found in the Bin directory Double clicking opens the migration dialogue After choosing the respective directory and clicking on Start the files are converted Path to outputdata bin v convert data S Start Info quit ij Figure 19 Migration tool Mitoo For further processing files in Z88V1405S you can insert enable write_only in the file Z
47. n 50 established construction materials 56 LEG rove User Manual NY Z88Aurora Material Database The Z88Aurora material database is selected in the preprocessor menu BEX via the button XK or via Preprocessor gt Material Database To facilitate your work with Z88Aurora several materials such as miscellaneous types of steel and aluminium have already been predefined When you select a material from the list on the left its allocated properties can be viewed in Details Figure 49 If a material should be edited a copy of the material is created so that the internal data base remains consistent Already existing materials from other projects can be imported E Diew I material database x Assigned material Administration o rawe None Seta tonal nave _ escroto rs OO J E Engineering steel MatSet3 Engineering steel E295 1 0050 Create new material set 1 fe Add Create new material 1 Engineering steel E295 10030 Himm acs es Edit existing material 2 Structural steel 233 R La Wmm 3 Structural steel S275I2 1 0145 Himmi Details View material properties 4 Hent resisting steel P250GH 1 0460 Himmi 5 case hardened steel C1SE 1 1141 W immy t import Import material amp Engineering steel 10E 1 1131 Himmi E Export Export material 7 Alloyed case hardening steel 15N1Cr13 1 5752 Nimmt E Heal treateble steel 20Mn5 1 1133 Mimmit Close lose menu 9 Hest tre
48. ndary conditions By means of this component the import and the calculation of shell models in Z88Aurora are demonstrated e Truss elements Example crane girder A simple example with 20 nodes and 54 trusses forming a spatial framework These struc tures can easily be entered manually CAD programs won t help much Just try it for yourself 3 e Volume element Example Two stroke engine piston A piston for a two stroke engine should be calculated The load is the combustion pressure of 42 5 bar the gudgeon pin is defined as bearing The piston was designed in the 3D CAD program Pro ENGINEER and meshed selecting linear tetrahedrons with Pro MECHANICA Then the structure and the mesh was exported as NASTRAN file The piston contains 3211 nodes thus 9633 degrees of freedom and 12489 elements tetrahedron type 17 with 4 nodes 82 LEG sore User Manual e Tetrahedron elements Example motorcycle crankshaft Applying a piston load of 5 000 N a single cylinder motorcycle crankshaft is to be calculated In this case the constraints have to be considered in a special way which is kind of tricky e Plane stress element Example gearwheel l A gearwheel whose center is pressed on a shaft is examined The interference fit assem bly s groove pressure is 100 N mm Crucial point is the deformation transmitted by the cen ter s expansion to the gear teeth which are left out for model simplification e Plat
49. nse on any computer in multiple number of installations The Software is in use on a computer when it is loaded into the temporary memory or installed into the permanent memory e g hard disk CD ROM or other storage device of that computer 2 Copyright The Software is owned by LCAD and is protected by copyright laws international treaty provisions and other national laws Therefore you must treat the Software like any other copyrighted material e g a book There is no right to use trade marks pictures documentation e g without naming LCAD 3 Other restrictions You may not rent or lease the Software but you may transfer your rights under this LCAD license agreement on a perma nent basis provided you transfer all copies of the Software and all written materials and the recipient agrees to the terms of this agreement You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the Software Any transfer must include the most recent update and all prior versions The Software is for calculation Finite Element Structures there is no warranty for accuracy of the given results 4 Warranties LCAD gives no warrants the Software will perform substantially in accordance with the accompanying documentation Any implied warranties on the Software are not given 5 No liability for consequential damages In no event shall LCAD be liable for any other damages whatsoever including without limitation damages for loss of busi ness profits
50. odule of Z88Aurora V2 steady state thermal conduction and the thermal expansion are calculated The simulated temperature profile is treated separately and is time independent i e the state of equilibrium is displayed By linking the thermal and mechanical boundary conditions the user can calculate thermo mechanical displacements or stress in addition to the thermal results like temperature or heat flow With it statements can be made about the influence of temperature on the construction component Module for natural frequency Ft Also new in Z88Aurora V2 is the possibility to analyse a component regarding natural frequency If the material properties Young modulus Poisson s ratio and densitiy are known this module can calculate the natural frequency Alternatively fixing for sets of nodes in one or several spatial directions can be applied As a result the user gains information about the smallest natural frequency as well as the distortion of the component Module Z88NL I for non linear calculation Lastly there is the possibility to conduct non linear calculations of the structural mechanics Regarding the boundary conditions homogeneous and heterogeneous displacements different kinds of applying forces as well as pressure loads can be observed The equation solver Z88NL evaluates the Finite Element Analysis considering the geometrical nonlinearities With this module the displacements Z88NLO2 TXT as well as Chauchy s stress Z88
51. ofile for truss and beam structures Z88 Aurora material database apply constraints _ _ Create structural elements p Nodes and Create element Mesh Tetrahedron super elements den generation of Set Administration superelements Picking Element parameter T Section gt Thickness thickness of shells Material Rf Database Constraints A Define Figure 25 Side menu Preprocessor 32 nn nr User Manual Preprocessor in the text menu bar All functions of the preprocessor can be accessed via the text menu bar File View MESO Solver Postprocessor Tools E Create nodes and elements Mesh Tetrahedrons amp Mesh Superelements Apply parameters of elements F Ill Material database a 30 view Constraints Figure 26 Text menu bar Preprocessor Tool bar Preprocessor In the menu View and Setup gt Toolbars you can select Import to show the prepro rae 4 cessor buttons 33 a Mah Aurora User Manual MPPicking A main innovation in Z88Aurora is the possibility to apply boundary conditions such as forc es pressure and restraints with only one mouse click in the graphic user interface This will be called Picking in the following chapters For Picking there is a separate view which can be displayed by clicking the button a in the main window P
52. r DISPLACEMENTS PRESSURE FORCE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED FORCE DISTRIBUTED i TEMPERATURE fe III IKT NE N HEAT FLOW UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTE FRACS STR AS CCS AA RRS RSIS EE LOSS HEAT FLOW DISTRIBUTED MTAA ES RSN SAN HEAT FLUX AKAD SSS SF i TA Q Figure 55 view options boundary conditions To view single boundary conditions separately the respective constraint can be selected via Administration Constraints Administration Name fo ei Add Delete Show all Close Fixed 1 Fixed 2 L Ground Figure 56 viewing boundary conditions separately the menu is closed 63 56 Aurora User Manual 1206 E E size of boundary conditions The function Size of boundary conditions effects that the shown boundary conditions are displayed at a larger or smaller scale in the preprocessor menu TEELT AA AV IOFRLARE Figure 57 Changing the size of boundary conditions The labeling of the boundary conditions is not scaled by the size of the component If you do not see applied boundary conditions please change the size via the tool bar View or the sub item Size of boundary conditions in the View menu 64 LEG sora User Manual 6 3 HB Solver The solver is the heart of the program system It calculates the element stiffness matrices compiles the total stiffness matrix scales the system of equations solves the huge system of equations and stores the disp
53. rial properties to differ ent elements This can be done with picking of elements with the normal picking option or with picking of surfaces picking of surfaces There are following options for picking surfaces surface edge switch deselect View O R RI Close Surface selection Surface Angle 30 0 u 77 nn x close mee Surface All surfaces Angle Bl switch Deselect all Surface Angle 30 0 Ls gt surtoce Au surfaces Ge Surface Au surfaces BR swach Deselect all E ea S Deselect ait Marks Er a Marks Ace _ deiste og a Add deters Switches the Deselect all selection Figure 31 Picking of elements a 3 gt The option picking surface works like the option picking of nodes Witch both you can Strg 1a select the surface of a building element Pick with Okclick a surface an select surface All surfaces selects the entire surface How to select the best picking option 39 a a 66 Aurora User Manual Node selection Se Element selection Surface selection Improving tetrahedron A Pressure tetrahedron mesh Hexahedron volume shells NIT Assign a material amp Locale meshing Hexahedron mesh DDA set management Every selection done by the picking menu can be saved as a marker Simply click on Add at the marker you would like to save These ma
54. rkers serve as starting basis for sets with boundary conditions material assignments refinements of tetrahedrons or displaying op tions With Boolean operators several markers can be added or trimmed When you achieve the desired result click on Add Set Marks ep Add Delete Saved selected areas Boolean operation gt a jo es Add set mm Delete set Set2 Added sets Set3 Set4 Figure 32 Markers and sets in the picking menu 40 766 Aurora Delete er m Oaiete I ae 4 m ann he ee RN EEE AY EEE es CAAT ART uid BOT oof ROBO ae y RONS RR EEE Aad et om Delete set 5 N RR nr Se Se SRH th Zs FERN i ONN amp EDEN SR th User Manual Figure 33 Boolean operation to create a set from a combination of different markers 41 a Mah Aurora User Manual 3 Creating FE Structures Trusses Beams Like in Z88 V14 OS it is possible in Z88Aurora to create and calculate truss and beam struc tures Create structural elements S m Nodes and Create element Create truss or beam structure Air La VIesn opens fe A A eiranegron Set Administration m lement parameter Not selectable without import Figure 34 Creating structural element In the submenu Creating nodes and elements nodes are created by entering the coordi nates then the element type i
55. s you may use it as your standard solver 65 a Mah Aurora User Manual 7 Linear mechanical Ir ag Choose solver Failure theory pak PARDISO No equivalent stress GEH von Mises Rankine Tresca Solver parameter Calculation sorce F Solver parameters Solver parameters SICCG Number of iterations 10006 Residuum 1 000000E 006 Alpha 1 000000E 004 Help Figure 58 solver menu linear mechanical analysis Number of iterations 10000 Residuum 1 000000E 006 Omega 1 200000E 000 Help The nonlinear solver Z88NL The modul Z88NL represents a solver for nonlinear calculation Only the geometry may be nonlinear the stress strain correlation remains linear Regarding the material properties Young s modulus and Poissons s ratio are required The same boundary conditions as in the linear mechanical calculation can be applied Following elements can be handled Type 1 hexahedron with 8 nodes type 4 3dimensional truss type 7 plain stress element with 8 nodes type 8 torus with 8 nodes type 10 hexahedron with 20 nodes type 16 tetrahe dron with 10 nodes and type 17 tetrahedron with 4 nodes The main difference to linear calculation is the parametrisation of the solvers which are de scribed in detail in the theory manual Also the postprocessor is different Now results for every load step are available This affects both the node based r
56. s selected and created A It is not possible to create mixed structures with different element types To do this the use of Z88V14 OS is recommended 42 aY ron User Manual Create node Create element close Create node Create structural elements Coordinates Type EN m O Staff No 4 3D san mn O Staff No 9 2D a O Beam No 2 3D z airection O Beam No 13 2D Administration O Rod No 5 3D i Add mm Delete Nodes Insert Edit Nodes No 1 Nodes No 2 Aiton gt Insert selected Administration ae Add m Delete Insert Edit Elements Figure 35 Creating structural elements nodes gt create new node coordinates WW enter x n d o enter y 1 4 enter Z gt click add After entering the data the nodes can be edited or deleted The selection of the nodes to be changed can be done via the selection from the list 43 a 56 Aurora User Manual Edit gt with amp the node is selected for futher processing in the pop up menu Edit View Red marked selection is le X close fe deselected Deselect all Create node Coordinates x direction 0 00 000 1 Enter coordinate BR y direction 1 00E 000 z direction 0 00 000 Administration 2 Add node dh add um Delete Delete node Add node at the marked position to list insert Edit Edit node the numb
57. s started with 71 56 Aurora User Manual Figure 62 Information window The solver in the text menu bar The solver can also be accessed via the text menu bar File View Pre processor Solver MAS nine Help O O E rree vibriation Output data A ae a me Figure 63 Selecting the solver via the text menu bar 72 LEG hox A User Manual vailable solver types for the respective finite elements mer X OOD VOD ooo VS Element type Ansatz Hexahedron Hexahedron Nr 1 Hexahedron Nr 10 Tetrahedron Tetrahedron Nr 16 Tetrahedron Nr 17 7800 700 7000 ve Plain stress element Plain stress elemen Flate Nr 18 Plate Nr 19 Plate Nr 30 Shell Truss and beam structures TP rt se ea ss CX OOOOLYOO x mses 3 je lV OOOO o at pooo x BeamNr t V OOOO er 3 CdCI OOOO 73 a aY 706 Aurora User Manual 6 4 Postprocessor After the calculation has been carried out the results can be displayed in the Z88Aurora postprocessor by clicking the button gA Z88Aurora Version 2 0 Jun 21 2012 20 35 55 iie File View Pre processor Solver Post processor Tools Help O O i i Linear mechanical vi H EA wo A EBOR OII ttk ESPZ SLY OEEO FERN SE ZBsesnh ou FAB UI A 30 view 0 00E 000 2 70E 001 2
58. ses Element library of the integrated element types in Z88Aurora Video manual containing some topics of special interest SPIDER Workflow Process support by a workflow tool User Manual 1 2 3 4 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS AN OVERVIEW OF THE USER INTERFACE MENU BARS KEYBOARD LAYOUT D ma gt I PROJECT FOLDER MANAGEMENT N Launching a New Project Folder u Opening a Project Folder Mclosing a Project Folder Project Folder Management in the Text Menu Bar Z Deleting Project Files VIEW Toolbars S Z camera Settings 7 Z colours Veer Displays iy a hy A Views and View Options Q H Labels Labelling Nodes 11 11 13 14 14 15 17 17 17 18 18 21 21 21 23 24 24 LEG rs lt ore User Manual y Labelling Elements 24 iy Labelling Nodes and Elements 24 Ono Labels Nodes and Elements 24 5 7 Ge Be ARE Size of Boundary Conditions Gauss Points Pick Points 25 BR size of boundary conditions 25 3 Al size of Gauss Points 25 oF Size of Pick Points 25 6 SICONTEXT SENSITIVE SIDE MENUS 26 6 1 gt Import and Export of CAD and FE Data 26 Compatibility with other versions of Z88 26 Importing 27 Import Text Menu Bar 31 Import tool bar 31 6 2 Bx Preprocessor 32 Preprocessor in the text menu bar 33 Tool bar Preprocessor 33 SR ricking 34 BP Creating FE Structures Trusses Beams 42 4S Meshing 46 element parame
59. t Kame Engineering steel 5 Export Description E295 Humer EE t close Anestation Wimm Material properties Material properties Linear Thermal Linear Thermal Youngs modulus 210000 00 Heat conductrytty 4 60E 001 Density 7 85E 003 Heat expansion 1 11E 005 Poisson ratio fo 30 Figure 51 Context menu material parameters II Only the material properties required by the respective type of analysis have to be entered AN Please note that you have to enter a dot as decimal point and that the material name must be clear e g construction steel1 construction steel2 etc edit With the pushbutton ba it you can edit already entered materials A copy of the material is created so that the data base remains consistent gt Defin gt Delete With the material is added to the structure with it is deleted If you want to apply one material to the whole structure set a check mark at All elements Otherwise you can apply different materials to different elements sets e g to create a bi 3 Close metal With the data base is saved and the tab is closed 59 a 66 Aurora User Manual Applying Boundary Conditions Z88Aurora offers the possibility to define all boundary conditions within the preprocessor Picking First of all menu sets have to be defined with 2 for more information see chapter Picking Picking of nodes All mechanical and Pressure for tetra thermal boun
60. ters 54 MMT IS Material 56 A l za Applying Boundary Conditions 60 User Manual 6 3 HB Solver The solver in the text menu bar Available solver types for the respective finite elements 6 4 Postprocessor 7 TOOLS 71 amp Analysis 7 2 Edit STL 7 3 F Options 8 BAY S PHELP Help A Examples Spider support Aiea Support 10 AY 56 Aurora 65 72 73 74 77 71 71 78 80 80 81 86 87 LEG sore User Manual 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE USER INTERFACE Z88Aurora is characterized by an intuitive operation of the pre and postprocessor The pro ject data management is carried out by means of a project folder management A status dis play provides better ease of use Text menu bar 788Aurora Version 2 0 May 19 2012 12 28 00 o x File View Preprocessor Solver Postprocessor Tools Help O E 9 Xo selector le ECTE Beer Oss thee SV 2 S F REF BERN FF Ceeeneow rise ma Se 30 view Sen Ve TREE Icon menu bar with tool tips Tab bar Work space Ein Freeware Programm fuer die Finite Elemente Analyse mit Prae und Postprozessor in ANSI C und Gtk fuer MS Windows amp MAC OS X Herausgegeben und Copyright von Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg Universitaet Bayreuth ZBER V15 0 Prae and Postprozessing 288 Aurora ZB8Aurora Version 2 0 Feb 7 2012 14 04 24 Floats 8 Bytes Integers 4 Bytes Pointers 8 Bytes Compiliert mit FR_GLAREA Feb 7 2012 14 04 24 status 288
61. tetrahedron menu Depending on the selected mesher the mesh creation may take some time Please note the information window meshing and the status display Chose the accuracy of the mesh adequately to the the size of your component 47 a 56 Aurora User Manual Prove Mesh As an additional function there is the feature prove mesh for the quality check of imported or self created meshes Please keep in mind that the results of the FE calculation are only plausible when you have a sufficiently good mesh Therefore always conduct a quality check at the end of the meshing If the mesh is faulty the flawed element is displayed in red view option mesh Additionally the file z88det txt is created in the project folder Q Mesh info a n a a I The mesh is not computable The mesh is computable Elements see z88det txt VAZN INI _ DN ma ER TENN Sige EAA A AE Ta AA ote A KYL LAN he D x A E r m Ai a a ANAT HE 2 7 v aar ren WET wT R a u Fran z Gy an i j Pa Ka ts h y lt or SES ern er Pi INS Ss n X s n vey zus ME Kia a x y wate IP va f BE NE by AID Figure 39 Prove mesh 48 ox User Manual Generating Super elements mesh generator Z88N The mesh generator Z88N from Z88 is integrated in Z88Aurora with addtional features e 2Z88N for hexahedrons tori plain stress elements pl
62. ur as well as the background colour of the Open GL window can be changed arbitrarily For this you can resort to defined standards black white white black default or manually set a certain colour The component is adequately displayed via the component colour and the light settings 5 48665m Displays There are four possibilities of view display These can be accessed via the icons in the icon menu bar O Shaded Surface Mesh a amp Mesh Figure 14 Display options in Z88Aurora The display modes shaded surface mesh and mesh can be applied by the user according to his needs the Picking display is used for the selection of nodes sufaces and elements Acti vating quick view S in combination with the display mode shaded even big components 21 aY 56 Aurora can be moved quickly To improve the display rate of the picking mode in combination with User Manual big components the Boundary Solid View D can be activated In this mode only the surface of the component can be selected A The Picking display depends on the previously selected display mode Thus you can either select all nodes or only surface nodes Ay N OAD AP XO 4 IN 7 Vay 7 I gt A DS ID xe Ma Vavan a v x a K vat Vv Ay VK gt X 7 4 ya vaya XKX ANY Zi 7 X 5 7 I Va N III Vara IX IR se Va D gt A IX A
63. xis _ z direction _ Z Axis LY O Displacements t DISPLACEMENTS O Pressure mmm PRESSURE O Force uniformly distributed lt Meere FORCE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED O Projected surface load FORCE DISTRIBUTED Line load Projected line load O Temperature n G TEMPERATURE Heat flow uniformly distributed m HEAT FLOW UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED O Heat flow line uniformly distributed O Heat flow distributed ET HEAT FLUX O Heat flux u HEAT FLOW DISTRIBUTED PEREN Define name Administration Name ee Add m Delete N MN Ar R IIIIIIKIIN LAN BRSSER ERASE MARNO Aaa 9 cose AANO PTS S Ses 7 7 rea lt n St 4 So N A 7 en wa N L ZII Digit SSOP e Fixed_2 IP WY O Ground BE Check mark activates boundary condition Show all boundary conditions Figure 54 Creating boundary conditions Il Figure 54 shows the possibilities to apply boundary conditions You can apply displacements pressure and forces You can choose between uniformly distributed force surface load pro jected surface load line load and projected line load Thermal boundary conditions are not dependent on direction 62 LES nur User Manual gt Delete deletes existing boundary conditions Show all shows the boundary con ditions that are activated via the check mark The different boundary conditions are shown in their respective colou

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