NAME SYNOPSIS DESCRIPTION OVERVIEW
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1. m VIRT USED toggle Reports USED sum of process rss and swap total count instead of VIRT M Detect memory units Show memory units k M G and display floating point values in the memory summary n Number of iterations limit as n number Specifies the maximum number of iterations or frames top should produce before ending p Monitor PIDs as pN1 pN2 or pN1 N2 Monitor only processes with specified process IDs This option can be given up to 20 times or you can provide a comma delimited list with up to 20 pids Co mingling both approaches is permitted This is a command line option only And should you wish to return to normal operation it is not September 2002 3 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 necessary to quit and and restart top just issue the interactive command s Secure mode operation Starts top with secure mode forced even for root This mode is far better controlled through the sys tem configuration file see topic 5 FILES S Cumulative time mode toggle Starts top with the last remembered S state reversed When Cumulative mode is On each process is listed with the cpu time that it and its dead children have used See the S interactive command for additional information regarding this mode u Monitor by user as u somebody Monitor only processes with an effective UID or user name matching that given U Monitor by user as U somebo2. umn will be allocated all remaining screen width up to the maximum 512 characters to provide for the potential growth of program names into command lines Linux September 2002 6 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 y WCHAN Sleeping in Function Depending on the availability of the kernel link map System map this field will show the name or the address of the kernel function in which the task is currently sleeping Running tasks will display a dash in this column Note By displaying this field top s own working set will be increased by over 700Kb Your only means of reducing that overhead will be to stop and restart top z Flags Task Flags This column represents the task s current scheduling flags which are expressed in hexadecimal notation and with zeros suppressed These flags are officially documented in lt linux sched h gt Less formal doc umentation can also be found on the Fields select and Order fields screens 2b SELECTING and ORDERING Columns After pressing the interactive commands f Fields select or o Order fields you will be shown a screen containing the current fields string followed by names and descriptions for all fields Here is a sample fields string from one of top s four windows field groups and an explanation of the con ventions used Sample fields string ANOPQRSTUVXbcdefgjlmyzWHIK The order of displayed fields corresponds to the order of
3. On Off This command affects two summary area lines t Toggle_Task Cpu_States On Off This command affects from 2 to many summary area lines depending on the state of the 1 toggle and whether or not top is running under true SMP L Toggle_Single Separate_Cpu_States On Off This command affects how the t command s Cpu States portion is shown Although this toggle exists primarily to serve massively parallel SMP machines it is not restricted to solely SMP envi ronments When you see Cpu s in the summary area the 1 toggle is On and all cpu information is gath ered in a single line Otherwise each cpu is displayed separately as Cpu0 Cpul Note If the entire summary area has been toggled Off for any window you would be left with just the mes sage line In that way you will have maximized available task rows but temporarily sacrificed the pro gram name in full screen mode or the current window name when in alternate display mode 3c TASK Area Commands The task area interactive commands are always available in full screen mode The task area interactive commands are never available in alternate display mode if the current win dow s task display has been toggled Off see topic 4 ALTERNATE DISPLAY Mode Linux September 2002 10 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 APPEARANCE of task window The following commands will also be influenced by the state of th
4. TIMP but reflecting more granularity through hundredths of a second n 7 MEM Memory usage RES A task s currently used share of available physical memory o VIRT Virtual Image kb The total amount of virtual memory used by the task It includes all code data and shared libraries plus pages that have been swapped out Note you can define the STATSIZE 1 environment variable and the VIRT will be calculated from the proc state VmSize field p SWAP Swapped size kb Per process swap values are now taken from proc status VmSwap field q RES Resident size kb The non swapped physical memory a task has used September 2002 5 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 r CODE Code size kb The amount of physical memory devoted to executable code also known as the text resident set size or TRS s DATA Data Stack size kb The amount of physical memory devoted to other than executable code also known as the data resi dent set size or DRS t SHR Shared Mem size kb The amount of shared memory used by a task It simply reflects memory that could be potentially shared with other processes u nFLT Page Fault count The number of major page faults that have occurred for a task A page fault occurs when a process attempts to read from or write to a virtual page that is not currently present in its address space A major page fault is when disk access is involved in making that
5. TRICKS Sampler a Kernel Magic b Bouncing Windows c The Big Bird Window 7 BUGS 8 HISTORY Former top 9 AUTHOR 10 SEE ALSO Operation When operating top the two most important keys are help h or and quit C q key Alternatively you could simply use the traditional interrupt key C when you re done When you start top for the first time you ll be presented with the traditional screen elements 1 Summary Area 2 Message Prompt Line 3 Columns Header 4 Task Area There will however be some Linux September 2002 1 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 differences when compared to the former top Highlighting Summary_Area There is no highlighting for load uptime and only values are highlighted for other ele ments Task_Area Tasks running or ready to run will be highlighted and bold is only one way of emphasiz ing such processes Content Labels Summary_Area The program name is shown perhaps a symlink or alias The Cpu s state label hints at other possibilities The memory stats use a lower case K Columns_Header Will show a new field and some changed labels More new fields will be found as you customize your top Note the width of top s display will be limited to 512 positions Displaying all fields requires a minimum of 160 characters The remaining width could be used for the Command column Startup Defaults The following startup defaults assume no configuration file thus no
6. data before standard output 8 HISTORY Former top The original top was written by Roger Binns based on Branko Lankester s lt lankeste fwi uva nl gt ps pro gram Robert Nation lt nation rocket sanders lockheed com gt adapted it for the proc file system Helmut Geyer lt Helmut Geyer iwr uni heidelberg de gt added support for configurable fields Plus many other individuals contributed over the years 9 AUTHOR This entirely new and enhanced replacement was written by Jim James C Warner lt warnerjc worldnet att net gt With invaluable help from Albert D Cahalan lt albert users sf net gt Craig Small lt csmall small dropbear id au gt 10 SEE ALSO free 1 ps 1 uptime 1 atop 1 slabtop 1 vmstat 8 w 1 Linux September 2002 17
7. display separate screens where you can change which fields are displayed and their order For additional information on these interactive commands see topic 2b SELECTING and ORDERING Columns H Threads_toggle When this toggle is On all individual threads will be displayed Otherwise top displays a summa tion of all threads in a process S Cumulative_Time_Mode_toggle When Cumulative mode is On each process is listed with the cpu time that it and its dead chil dren have used When Off programs that fork into many separate tasks will appear less demanding For programs like init or a shell this is appropriate but for others like compilers perhaps not Experiment with two task windows sharing the same sort field but with different S states and see which representa tion you prefer After issuing this command you ll be informed of the new state of this toggle If you wish to know in advance whether or not Cumulative mode is in effect simply ask for help and view the window summary on the second line Linux September 2002 11 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 u Show_Specific_User_Only You will be prompted to enter the name of the user to display Thereafter in that task window only matching User ID s will be shown or possibly no tasks will be shown Later if you wish to monitor all tasks again re issue this command but just press lt Enter gt at the prompt without providing a name SIZ
8. page available v nDRT Dirty Pages count The number of pages that have been modified since they were last written to disk Dirty pages must be written to disk before the corresponding physical memory location can be used for some other virtual page w S Process Status The status of the task which can be one of D uninterruptible sleep R running S sleeping T traced or stopped L zombie Tasks shown as running should be more properly thought of as ready to run their task_struct is simply represented on the Linux run queue Even without a true SMP machine you may see numerous tasks in this state depending on top s delay interval and nice value x Command Command line or Program name Display the command line used to start a task or the name of the associated program You toggle between command line and name with c which is both a command line option and an interactive command When you ve chosen to display command lines processes without a command line like kernel threads will be shown with only the program name in parentheses as in this example mdrecoveryd Either form of display is subject to potential truncation if it s too long to fit in this field s current width That width depends upon other fields selected their order and the current screen width Note The Command field column is unique in that it is not fixed width When displayed this col
9. user customizations Even so items shown with an asterisk could be overridden through the command line Global_defaults A Alt display g Delay time T Irix mode Off full screen 3 0 seconds On no solaris smp p PID monitoring Off s Secure mode Off unsecured B Bold disable Off Summary_Area_defaults TP Load Avg Uptime On thus program name Task Cpu states On 1 1 lines see 1 m Mem Swap usage On 2 lines worth T Single Cpu On thus 1 line if smp Task_Area_defaults b Bold hilite On not reverse c Command line Off name not cmdline H Threads Off show all threads 7 Idle tasks On show all tasks R Reverse sort On pids high to low G Cumulative time Off no dead children x Column hilite Off no sort field y Row hilite On yes running tasks 7 color mono Off no colors 1 COMMAND LINE Options The command line syntax for top consists of hvy abcHimMsS d delay n iterations p pid pid Linux September 2002 TOP 1 Linux Linux User s Manual TOP 1 The typically mandatory switches and even whitespace are completely optional a Sort by memory usage This switch makes top to sort the processes by allocated memory b Batch mode operation Starts top in Batch mode which could be useful for sending output from top to other programs
10. E of task window VV sIdle_Processes_toggle Displays all tasks or just active tasks When this toggle is Off idled or zombied processes will not be displayed If this command is applied to the last task display when in alternate display mode then it will not affect the window s size as all prior task displays will have already been painted Nn or Set_Maximum_Tasks You will be prompted to enter the number of tasks to display The lessor of your number and available screen rows will be used When used in alternate display mode this is the command that gives you precise control over the size of each currently visible task display except for the very last It will not affect the last win dow s size as all prior task displays will have already been painted Note If you wish to increase the size of the last visible task display when in alternate display mode simply decrease the size of the task display s above it SORTING of task window For compatibility this top supports most of the former top sort keys Since this is primarily a service to former top users these commands do not appear on any help screen command sorted field supported A start time non display No M MEM Yes N PID Yes P CPU Yes T TIME Yes Before using any of the following sort provisions top suggests that you temporarily turn on column highlighting using the x interactive command That will help ensure that the actual sort environment ma
11. TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 NAME top display Linux tasks SYNOPSIS top hy abcHimMsS d delay n iterations p pid pid The traditional switches and whitespace are optional DESCRIPTION The top program provides a dynamic real time view of a running system It can display system summary information as well as a list of tasks currently being managed by the Linux kernel The types of system summary information shown and the types order and size of information displayed for tasks are all user configurable and that configuration can be made persistent across restarts The program provides a limited interactive interface for process manipulation as well as a much more extensive interface for personal configuration encompassing every aspect of its operation And while top is referred to throughout this document you are free to name the program anything you wish That new name possibly an alias will then be reflected on top s display and used when reading and writing a configuration file OVERVIEW Documentation The remaining Table of Contents 1 COMMAND LINE Options 2 FIELDS Columns a DESCRIPTIONS of Fields b SELECTING and ORDERING Columns 3 INTERACTIVE Commands a GLOBAL Commands b SUMMARY Area Commands c TASK Area Commands d COLOR Mapping 4 ALTERNATE DISPLAY Mode a WINDOWS Overview b COMMANDS for Windows 5 FILES a SYSTEM Configuration File b PERSONAL Configuration File 6 STUPID
12. ce b x y Z Content c f H 0 S u Size i n Sorting lt gt F O R 3d COLOR_Mapping lt Ret gt a B b H M q S T w z 0 7 4b COMMANDS_for_Windows _ A a G g W 3a GLOBAL Commands The global interactive commands are always available in both full screen mode and alternate display mode However some of these interactive commands are not available when running in Secure mode If you wish to know in advance whether or not your top has been secured simply ask for help and view the system summary on the second line lt Enter gt or lt Space gt Refresh_Display These commands do nothing they are simply ignored However they will awaken top and follow ing receipt of any input the entire display will be repainted Use either of these keys if you have a large delay interval and wish to see current status 2 or h Help There are two help levels available The first will provide a reminder of all the basic interactive commands If top is secured that screen will be abbreviated Typing h or on that help screen will take you to help for those interactive commands applica ble to alternate display mode Exit_Task_Limits Removes restrictions on which tasks are shown This command will reverse any i idle tasks and n max tasks commands that might be active It also provides for an exit from PID moni toring See the p command line option for a d
13. dy Monitor only processes with a UID or user name matching that given This matches real effective saved and filesystem UIDs v Version Show library version and the usage prompt then quit 2 FIELDS Columns 2a DESCRIPTIONS of Fields Linux Listed below are top s available fields They are always associated with the letter shown regardless of the position you may have established for them with the o Order fields interactive command Any field is selectable as the sort field and you control whether they are sorted high to low or low to high For additional information on sort provisions see topic 3c TASK Area Commands a PID Process Id The task s unique process ID which periodically wraps though never restarting at zero b PPID Parent Process Pid The process ID of a task s parent c RUSER Real User Name The real user name of the task s owner d UID User Id The effective user ID of the task s owner e USER User Name The effective user name of the task s owner f GROUP Group Name The effective group name of the task s owner September 2002 4 TOP 1 Linux Linux User s Manual TOP 1 g TTY Controlling Tty The name of the controlling terminal This is usually the device serial port pty etc from which the process was started and which it uses for input or output However a task need not be associated with a terminal in which case you ll s
14. e global B bold disable toggle b Bold Reverse_toggle This command will impact how the x and y toggles are displayed Further it will only be avail able when at least one of those toggles is On x Column_Highlight_toggle Changes highlighting for the current sort field You probably don t need a constant visual reminder of the sort field and top hopes that you always run with column highlight Off due to the cost in path length If you forget which field is being sorted this command can serve as a quick visual reminder y Row_Highlight_toggle Changes highlighting for running tasks For additional insight into this task state see topic 2a DESCRIPTIONS of Fields Process Status Use of this provision provides important insight into your system s health The only costs will be a few additional tty escape sequences z Color Monochrome_toggle Switches the current window between your last used color scheme and the older form of black on white or white on black This command will alter both the summary area and task area but raah aus does not affect the state of the x y or b toggles CONTENT of task window c Command_Line Program_Name_toggle This command will be honored whether or not the Command column is currently visible Later should that field come into view the change you applied will be seen f and o Fields_select or Order_fields These keys
15. e task display is Off and many commands will be restricted G Choose_Another_Window Field_Group You will be prompted to enter a number between 1 and 4 designating the window field group which should be made the current window In full screen mode this command is necessary to alter the current window In alternate display mode it is simply a less convenient alternative to the a and w commands Linux September 2002 14 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 g Change_Window Field_Group_Name You will be prompted for a new name to be applied to the current window It does not require that the window name be visible the l toggle to be On The interactive commands shown with an asterisk have use beyond alternate display mode A G are always available ee eee ee a W act the same when color mapping 5 FILES 5a SYSTEM Configuration File The presence of this file will influence which version of the help screen is shown to an ordinary user More importantly it will limit what ordinary users are allowed to do when top is running They will not be able to issue the following commands k Kill a task T Renice a task dors Change delay sleep interval The system configuration file is not created by top Rather you create this file manually and place it in the etc directory Its name must be toprc and must have no leading period It mu
16. ee displayed h PR Priority The priority of the task i NI Nice value The nice value of the task A negative nice value means higher priority whereas a positive nice value means lower priority Zero in this field simply means priority will not be adjusted in determining a task s dispatchability j P Last used CPU SMP A number representing the last used processor In a true SMP environment this will likely change fre quently since the kernel intentionally uses weak affinity Also the very act of running top may break this weak affinity and cause more processes to change CPUs more often because of the extra demand for cpu time k CPU CPU usage The task s share of the elapsed CPU time since the last screen update expressed as a percentage of total CPU time In a true SMP environment if Irix mode is Off top will operate in Solaris mode where a task s cpu usage will be divided by the total number of CPUs You toggle Irix Solaris modes with the T interactive command 1 TIME CPU Time Total CPU time the task has used since it started When Cumulative mode is On each process is listed with the cpu time that it and its dead children has used You toggle Cumulative mode with S which is a command line option and an interactive command See the S interactive command for additional information regarding this mode m TIME CPU Time hundredths The same as
17. ep sorted column highlighting Off to minimize path length turn On reverse row highlighting for emphasis try various sort columns TIME MEM work well and normal or reverse sorts to bring the most active processes into view What you ll see is a very busy Linux doing what he s always done for you but there was no program available to illustrate this Under an xterm using white on black colors try setting top s task color to black and be sure that task highlighting is set to bold not reverse Then set the delay interval to around 3 seconds After bringing the most active processes into view what you ll see are the ghostly images of just the currently running tasks Delete the existing rcfile or create a new symlink Start this new version then type T a secret key see topic 3c TASK Area Commands Sorting followed by W and q Finally restart the program with d0 zero delay Your display will be refreshed at three times the rate of the former top a 300 speed advantage As top climbs the TIME ladder be as patient as you can while speculating on whether or not top will ever reach the top 6b Bouncing Windows For these stupid tricks top needs alternate display mode With 3 or 4 task displays visible pick any window other than the last and turn idle processes Off Depending on where you applied i sometimes several task displays are bouncing and sometimes it s like an accordion as to
18. g sequence 3d COLOR Mapping When you issue the Z interactive command you will be presented with a separate screen That screen can be used to change the colors in just the current window or in all four windows before returning to the top display Available interactive commands 4 upper case letters to select a target 8 numbers to select a color normal toggles available B bold disable enable b running tasks bold reverse oA color mono other commands available gt a Ww apply then go to next prior lt Enter gt apply and exit OE gt q abandon current changes and exit If your use a or w to cycle the targeted window you will have applied the color scheme that was dis played when you left that window You can of course easily return to any window and reapply different colors or turn colors Off completely with the z toggle The Color Mapping screen can also be used to change the current window field group in either full screen mode or alternate display mode Whatever was targeted when q or lt Enter gt was pressed will be made current as you return to the top display 4 ALTERNATE DISPLAY Mode 4a WINDOWS Overview Linux Field Groups Windows In full screen mode there is a single window represented by the entire screen That single window can still be changed to display 1 of 4 different field groups see the G interactive command repeated below Each of the 4 field gr
19. iscussion of PID monitoring When operating in alternate display mode this command has a slightly broader meaning A Alternate_Display_Mode_toggle This command will switch between full screen mode and alternate display mode See topic 4 ALTERNATE DISPLAY Mode and the G interactive command for insight into current win dows and field groups Linux September 2002 8 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 B Bold_Disable Enable_toggle This command will influence use of the bold terminfo capability and alters both the summary area and task area for the current window While it is intended primarily for use with dumb ter minals it can be applied anytime Note When this toggle is On and top is operating in monochrome mode the entire display will appear as normal text Thus unless the x and or y toggles are using reverse for emphasis there will be no visual confirmation that they are even on d or s Change_Delay_Time_interval You will be prompted to enter the delay time in seconds between display updates Fractional seconds are honored but a negative number is not allowed Entering 0 causes nearly continuous updates with an unsatisfactory display as the system and tty driver try to keep up with top s demands The delay value is inversely proportional to system loading so set it with care If at any time you wish to know the current delay time simply ask for help and view the
20. or all task displays In other words it switches between the currently visible task display s and any task display s you had toggled Off If all 4 task displays are cur rently visible this interactive command will leave the summary area as the only display element and Equalize_ re balance _Window s The key forces the current window s task display to be visible It also reverses any i idle tasks and n max tasks commands that might be active The key does the same for all windows The four task displays will reappear evenly balanced They will also have retained any customizations you had previously applied except for the i idle tasks and n max tasks commands A Alternate_Display_Mode_toggle This command will switch between full screen mode and alternate display mode The first time you issue this command all four task displays will be shown Thereafter when you switch modes you will see only the task display s you ve chosen to make visible a and w Next_Window_Forward Backward This will change the current window which in turn changes the window to which commands are directed These keys act in a circular fashion so you can reach any desired current window using either key Assuming the window name is visible you have not toggled l Off whenever the current win dow name loses its emphasis color that s a reminder th
21. or to a file In this mode top will not accept input and runs until the iterations limit you ve set with the gt n command line option or until killed c Command line Program name toggle Starts top with the last remembered c state reversed Thus if top was displaying command lines now that field will show program names and visa versa See the c interactive command for addi tional information d Delay time interval as d ss tt seconds tenths Specifies the delay between screen updates and overrides the corresponding value in one s personal configuration file or the startup default Later this can be changed with the d or s interactive com mands Fractional seconds are honored but a negative number is not allowed In all cases however such changes are prohibited if top is running in Secure mode except for root unless the s com mand line option was used For additional information on Secure mode see topic 5a SYSTEM Configuration File h Help Show library version and the usage prompt then quit H Threads toggle Starts top with the last remembered H state reversed When this toggle is On all individual threads will be displayed Otherwise top displays a summation of all threads in a process i Idle Processes toggle Starts top with the last remembered i state reversed When this toggle is Off tasks that are idled or zombied will not be displayed
22. oups has a unique separately configurable summary area and its own configurable task area In alternate display mode those 4 underlying field groups can now be made visible simultane ously or can be turned Off individually at your command The summary area will always exist even if it s only the message line At any given time only one September 2002 13 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 summary area can be displayed However depending on your commands there could be from zero to four separate task displays currently showing on the screen Current Window The current window is the window associated with the summary area and the window to which task related commands are always directed Since in alternate display mode you can toggle the task display Off some commands might be restricted for the current window A further complication arises when you have toggled the first summary area line Off With the loss of the window name the l toggled line you ll not easily know what window is the current window 4b COMMANDS for Windows and _ Show Hide_Window s _toggles The key turns the current window s task display On and Off When On that task area will show a minimum of the columns header you ve established with the f and o commands It will also reflect any other task area options toggles you ve applied yielding zero or more tasks The _ key does the same f
23. p tries his best to allocate space Set each window s summary lines differently one with no memory another with no states maybe one with nothing at all just the message line Then hold down a or w and watch a variation on bouncing windows hopping windows Display all 4 windows and for each in turn set idle processes to Off You ve just entered the extreme bounce zone 6c The Big Bird Window This stupid trick also requires alternate display mode ok 7 BUGS Display all 4 windows and make sure that 1 Def is the current window Then keep increasing win dow size until the all the other task displays are pushed out of the nest When they ve all been displaced toggle between all visible invisible windows Then ponder this is top fibbing or telling honestly your imposed truth Send bug reports to Albert D Cahalan lt albert users sf net gt The top command calculates Cpu s by looking at the change in CPU time values between samples When you first run it it has no previous sample to compare to so these initial values are the percentages since Linux September 2002 16 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 boot It means you need at least two loops or you have to ignore summary output from the first loop This is problem for example for batch mode There is a possible workaround if you define the CPULOOP 1 environment variable The top command will be run one extra hidden loop for CPU
24. rsely a negative value will cause a process to be viewed more favorably by the kernel Linux September 2002 9 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 W Write_the_Configuration_File This will save all of your options and toggles plus the current display mode and delay time By issuing this command just before quitting top you will be able restart later in exactly that same state Z Change_Color_Mapping This key will take you to a separate screen where you can change the colors for the current win dow or for all windows For details regarding this interactive command see topic 3d COLOR Mapping The commands shown with an asterisk are not available in Secure mode nor will they be shown on the level 1 help screen 3b SUMMARY Area Commands The summary area interactive commands are always available in both full screen mode and alternate dis play mode They affect the beginning lines of your display and will determine the position of messages and prompts These commands always impact just the current window field group See topic 4 ALTERNATE DIS PLAY Mode and the G interactive command for insight into current windows and field groups TY Toggle_Load_Average Uptime On Off This is also the line containing the program name possibly an alias when operating in full screen mode or the current window name when operating in alternate display mode m Toggle_Memory Swap_Usage
25. st have only two lines Here is an example of the contents of etc topre s line 1 secure mode switch 5 0 line 2 delay interval in seconds 5b PERSONAL Configuration File This file is written as HOME your name 4 top rc Use the W interactive command to create it or update it Here is the general layout global line 1 the program name alias notation i line 2 id altscr irixps delay curwin perea line a winname fieldscur window line b winflags sortindx maxtasks line c summclr msgsclr headclr taskclr If the HOME variable is not present top will try to write the personal configuration file to the current directory subject to permissions 6 STUPID TRICKS Sampler Many of these tricks work best when you give top a scheduling boost So plan on starting him with a nice value of 10 assuming you ve got the authority 6a Kernel Magic For these stupid tricks top needs full screen mode The user interface through prompts and help intentionally implies that the delay interval is limited to tenths of a second However you re free to set any desired delay If you want to see Linux at his scheduling best try a delay of 09 seconds or less For this experiment under x windows open an xterm and maximize it Then do the following provide a scheduling boost and tiny delay via nice n 10 top d 09 Linux September 2002 15 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 ke
26. system summary on the second line G Choose_Another_Window Field_Group You will be prompted to enter a number between 1 and 4 designating the window field group which should be made the current window You will soon grow comfortable with these 4 win dows especially after experimenting with alternate display mode T Irix Solaris_Mode_toggle When operating in Solaris mode CT toggled Off a task s cpu usage will be divided by the total number of CPUs After issuing this command you ll be informed of the new state of this toggle u select a user You will be prompted for a UID or username Only processes belonging to the selected user will be displayed This option matches on the effective UID U select a user You will be prompted for a UID or username Only processes belonging to the selected user will be displayed This option matches on the real effective saved and filesystem UID k Kill_a_task You will be prompted for a PID and then the signal to send The default signal as reflected in the prompt is SIGTERM However you can send any signal via number or name If you wish to abort the kill process do one of the following depending on your progress 1 at the pid prompt just press lt Enter gt 2 at the signal prompt type 0 q Quit r Renice_a_Task You will be prompted for a PID and then the value to nice it to Entering a positive value will cause a process to lose priority Conve
27. tches your intent The following interactive commands will only be honored when the current sort field is visible The sort field might not be visible because 1 there is insufficient Screen Width 2 the f interactive command turned it Off lt Move_Sort_Field_Left Moves the sort column to the left unless the current sort field is the first field being displayed gt Move_Sort_Field_Right Moves the sort column to the right unless the current sort field is the last field being displayed The following interactive commands will always be honored whether or not the current sort field is visible Linux September 2002 12 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 F or O Select_Sort_Field These keys display a separate screen where you can change which field is used as the sort column If a field is selected which was not previously being displayed it will be forced On when you return to the top display However depending upon your screen width and the order of your fields this sort field may not be displayable This interactive command can be a convenient way to simply verify the current sort field when running top with column highlighting turned Off R Reverse Normal_Sort_Field_toggle Using this interactive command you can alternate between high to low and low to high sorts Note Field sorting uses internal values not those in column display Thus the TTY and WCHAN fields will violate strict ASCII collatin
28. the letters in that string If the letter is upper case the corresponding field itself will then be shown as part of the task display screen width permitting This will also be indicated by a leading asterisk as in this excerpt K CPU CPU usage 1 TIME CPU Time m TIME CPU Time hundredths N MEM Memory usage RES O VIRT Virtual Image kb Fields select screen the f interactive command You toggle the display of a field by simply pressing the corresponding letter Order fields screen the o interactive command You move a field to the left by pressing the corresponding upper case letter and to the right with the lower case letter 2c SUMMARY Area Fields The summary area fields describing CPU statistics are abbreviated They provide information about times spent in us user mode sy system mode ni low priority user mode nice id idle task wa I O waiting hi servicing IRQs si servicing soft IRQs st steal time given to other DomU instances Linux September 2002 7 TOP 1 Linux User s Manual TOP 1 3 INTERACTIVE Commands Listed below is a brief index of commands within categories Some commands appear more than once their meaning or scope may vary depending on the context in which they are issued 3a GLOBAL_Commands lt Ret Sp gt A B d G h I k q r s W Z 3b SUMMARY _Area_Commands 1 m t 1 3c TASK_Area_Commands Appearan
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